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Northern Star (1837-1852), 10th November 1849, Edition 3 of 3, Page 1, I 1

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    • TJJ<THE PEOPLE'S CHARTER, AKD NO SURRENDER."
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      Tjj≪The People's Charter, Akd No Surrender."

      TJJ < THE PEOPLE'S CHARTER , AKD NO SURRENDER . "

      To The Chartists. ] Mr Fri Exds,—• Ci Ci...

      TO THE CHARTISTS . ] Mr Fri exds _, —• Ci Circumstances , hath abroad and at home _apiMpire me with the strongest hope for the _aatmanci pationof your order ; aud the enthuasisiasmthat I hav e witnessed iu London within t _elthelast week , proves to me that thc men of ic the metropolis will not throw away the _prcntsent opportunity ; while I feel confident that le the brave men of the north will not la « hehind 1 tin the good cause . °

      I' la the most pahuv days of Chartism , I ! _iev never witnessed more honest enthusiasm , nor as ! as much discretion , as was manifested at the me meetings of Tuesday aud "Wednesday last , in in Marylebone and Lambeth—au enthusiasm anj and discretion which , I assure you , inspired me me with the strongest hope ; and these _meeting ings are to he followed h y other _mctropolitaTi nu meetings , for the purpose of electing metropc politau del egates to the proposed Conie fereiico , to he held iu London earlv iu D Beceniher .

      My friends , you must clearl y understand tl that it is not the intention of the Chartist p party to ofler any , the sli g htest , oppos : sition to thc Parliamentary ltefonn Assoc ciation , hut , on the conti'ary , to g ive t to it their most heart y and energetic s support . "While , upon the other hand , as the 1 "best way to avoid danger is to he prepared to i meet it * we must show—hy our union aud our i resolution—that wc are not to he used as ] playthings . If a sreat continental revolution was to

      1 occur again , it is very probable , that , as on the 10 th of A pril , all parties would sink their political diftereuces to aid the Government in th _' e suppression of what they would then term Chartist violence ; hut I am determined that there shall he no more Chartist violence nor Chartist victims—hut that we will show to our © _yjponeiits , that all jealousies havchcen merged iuto a common cause—that the working classes are now united , and that the voice of "bioirled ge is stronger than thc cauuon ' s mar .

      There is nothing more necessary than that you should understand your position . In this country , more than in any other country in the world , lahour is tributary to capital , and therefore thc labourer is subject to the capitalist ; and , whatever change takes p lace , you may rest assured that no capitalist will surrender any portion of his profits upon labour ; aud , therefore , you must come to the inevitable conclusion , that if your order is to he benefited h y a change , that change must "be from the increased wealth of thc country .

      "Nowhear that fact strictl y in mind , that the represented classes Avill not surrender the share of the present national wealth that they enjoy , which is profit derived from lahour . I do not talk of reduction of taxation , for it is _hiuuhug , hut I talk of national wealth ; and , therefore , if both classes are to he benefited , that national wealth must he increased ; and will the shrewdest philosop her , the ablest siaiesmau , or the most wily political

      economi s t , show me how that can be effected , except b y the application—thc just and legitimate application—of labour to the most profitable developement , and most equitable distribution , of our national resources ; and will any other man point out any other available source but the app lication of the—at presentidie labour to the cultivation of the soil ? They _eanr . ot . Labour may be casually or capriciously employed iu other avocations , but they are not stable * It was so in the _manufacturing

      districts , when every " rattle-box " became a charnel-house , parishes were depopulated , and the theretofore satisfied clod pole , and his famil y , were sold * ¦* - live stock iu market , to the speculators in 1 " r labour . "" Now , my friends , we and before everything else , I wish you t '• ee _j > this fact in view . All changes that are b . _* ed upon mere commercial speculations arc * ut transitory . If they succeed for a time , th _= give them more power , audmakeyoumoredep « -idcnt ; and when reverse comes , then power and your

      dependence enables them to rescue themselves , and make you the sufferers ; whereas , the change that I propose—namely , the application of now surplus labour to the cultivation of our uncultivated land—would go ou for generations improving the condition of all classes , making the rich richer and thc poor rich ; and this you never can accomp lish until you indisputably prove to the mechanic , the artificer , the artisan , the tradesman , and thc operative ,

      that they would he greater gainers by the establishment of a larger number of customers , than they now under the system of direful _competition ; and yon must also exp lain to the shopkeeper , that tho then well-emp loyed labourer would be a better customer ; that in the one case he would take his money to the counter on Saturday nig ht , while in the other case he is called upon by the poor-rate collector on quarter-day , to maintain this unwilling

      "My friends , I never saw a better feeling than now exists amongst your order in London , and what I seek to establish is as much harmony am _ongst the leaders of Chartism ; and to effect this object I rely upon the wisdom and sound iud < _Tnent of the working classes . ' Ishall make no reference to parties whom the " old _weutleman" himself would not reconcile to any views but their own , however Utopian . One of those gentlemen appeared upon the John-street stage on Tuesday last , but was verv speedil y broug ht to order by the good sense of his audience-no not of his audience- - _a _* when they discovered his object , they would not listen to him—hut of tie meeting .

      You will not expect me to write a long letter this week , as the columns of thc " Star win ¦ be crowded . _Xext week , J _^ T _^ _'J _^ i the twelfth anniversary of the " Nerthern Star . " It and its proprietor will have survived twelve years of such persecution as no other newspaper proprietor was ever subjected to since thc world began ; and in thc first numher o f its thirteenth year , I promise you the disclosureof a fact that will makeyou jump for _? ov and lam not one to deceive you . W , J _Lrvnnhavereadthis letter , keep it m mind _ivaen _\ Ou na . \ t-it _^ i _« _"" * * uiYUAT

      & JST BE DONE BY THE PEOPLE . Yonr faithful and _™™ _V om ™? _*™*> Feargus 0 _"Con > or .

      To Fsaitgus O'Connor, Esq., W. Tis«.= I ...

      TO _FSAItGUS O'CONNOR , ESQ ., _W _. tis _« _.= _i Ji _y- . i . _iip services at tne _iarj . thauks for your mp 3 t _viable _servu . _^ and sp lendid meeting _M ; _««» _we should _sttsSSS-Ss- j Wwas , _^ _^ cre enabled to deve ope M dJJ „ to silence _*)"/ _™ % i t" ° _S \< ' he received on _^" _nt _«« _vforuet tne sHU < Joui _** ..

      _Suasion , . _^^^ _S _^ _U wicked perversion of _^ _ffjift the working men men will _"r _^ _H _^ J _^ However it was a g lorious to o btain their rights . J « mc circunl triump h of troth over aw . in ld stand we very _^ J _^ _'Stolr , either before _notenjoy enebourj thjottpriv _aWknow or after tueincctag ; nwny « or would _vc _-re coming until S »? , _?* _° _S ~ you ia a more lm ve made arrangements t _^ _™^ us „ th i _^ _eomins . _™ _% _JKf . _| fl ] wc will manage _mother _vnit , _^ we tru _, tTon w _^ WL _tM better- Ho p « jg _y _£ _** _^ vast aud _? _^ „ tne _-iSus cause of Freedom . CXel _XlS _olW-crais of _ng htoj

      C-Ruff One Ofthe Inspectors Of E£ 3ir. J...

      _c-ruff one ofthe Inspectors of E _£ 3 Ir . _jAJffis Stcakt _w _stuart was the tories , died on _^ urday _Jja intcd by d _Stor of the _**» _%£££ _* _Aetory Inspector .

      J < R *™\ "Nurse , Who Is That Old Woman...

      J "" j _* y .. / . _<• "¦ "• ' / _iff' _^ _lb _^ l i /\ _^~* - C ' r'tttp _^^ m / 'Jk __/^ _fc a a . ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ _^ K _^ m _jMmrt _^ g f _x _x . :, _- /¦> ¦ ¦ ¦ --JL < _w-r . y _' / _1 _fe _^ _a _' _-i _^ 9 _KT l _4 _v / _slA < _~*~^ _**^ Z _

      "¦ "• ' / Iff'^Lb^L I - C'R'Tttp^^M/'Jk ...

      AND NATIONAL _TREES ' . JOtMk _. ' .

      ^Lbl 1": W - Mdon, Saturday, Itollji Mfl...

      _^ _LBl 1 " : - MDON , SATURDAY , _iTOllJI _MflMfc _^^ mk _^ mZ

      Ruin Him With Expenses. Melbourne O'Conn...

      RUIN HIM WITH EXPENSES . Melbourne O'CONNOR AXd _IuCNAJURA .

      TO THE FKIEND S OF JUSTICE . Mr _Fuiexds , Ifeveryman _' swork hccomesone man ' swork , taat one man would very soon have his shoulders broken ; and , as far as money is concerned , you have for many years expected that I would do every man ' s work ; and perhaps my willingness _' to do so when I was able , has led to your apath y Avhen I am unable ; but now I appeal to you as a matter of justice , and not of favour , whether you will allow mo to he sacrificed to this young shark ? I have not onl y procured new aud unanswerable documentary evidence , hut I have also procured fresh oral evidence , of which I was

      not aware when the trial took place . I have now applied to the Queen ' s Bench for a new trial , at which I can produce this fresh evidence ; the Bench has required time to confer with Lord _Dexxux , who tried the case ; but according to law , the New Trial will not be granted except upou the payment of the p laintiff ' s costs incurred in the . previous trial . My own costs must also he paid , and you are aware of what legal expenses are . If you are not , I am ; and now 1 appeal to you as men professing honest y and love of justice , to enable me to meet this action brought against mc for the defence of your friends . Some towns , I know , will promptl y respond to the appeal , while others , and more wealth y ones , may he indifferent , and exclaim , " OH LET

      HIM BE SACRIFICED : WHAT IS IT TO US . " Those who do send money will remit it to Mr . William Eider , " Northern Star " Office , 1 < _J , Great Windmill-street , Haymarket , Loudon . I remain , Your faithful dupo , Feakgus _O'Coxxok ,

      Court Of Queex's Bench. Sittings In Banc...

      COURT OF QUEEX'S BENCH . Sittings in Banco , before Mr . Justice Coleridge , Mr Justice nightman , and Mr , Justice Erie . MACXAMARA V . FEAUGCS O ' COXXOR . This action was brought to recover the balance of the plaintiff ' s bill , amounting in the whole to £ -jJO 17 s . fid ., for defending certain Chartist prisoners , tried for sedition at thc Old Bailey in thc month of June , ISIS . At thc trial which took place before Lord Denman at Guildhall , at thc sittings after last term , the plantiff obtained a verdict for £ 10117 s . fid .

      Mr . Sergeant SnEE ( with whom was Mr . Prentice ) now moved for a rule , calling on the plaintiff to show cause why thc verdict shonld not be set aside and a new trial had , on the ground that thc verdict was against the evidence , and also on affidavits . The defendant , who was one of thc members for the town of _Nottingham , and the well known leader of the Chartist party , pleaded that he was never indebted , and contended that the plaintiff had not been employed by him , but by the committee appointed for _raising subscriptions for the defence of thc Chart'st prisoners . That committee called fhemselres "The Defence Committee , " and consisted of several members ; but thc defendant was

      not one of their number . In order to fix the defendant with liability several articles were read at thc trial from the Northern Star , a Chartist paper of which the defendant was the proprietor , and which , taken alone , seemed to show that thc defendant meaut to make _kuusclf _personally liaWc . The plaintiff also called as a witness Mr . Cope , the govenorof Xewgate _, who stated that on the 10 th of June , ISiS , he saw the plaintiff and defendant at the prison , together with Ernest Jones , Fusscll , Sharp , and Williams ; and that , in rep l y , to a question as to who was to defend the prisoners , the defendant said the plaintiff was to act , and no other , and that he ( thc defendant ) would see

      the prisoners ably defended , and that thc plaintiff was to conduct the case . Tlie Bev . Mr . Davis , the ordinary of Newgate , was also called , and proved that the defendant had said to him , that ne ( thc defendant , never left his children in the day of trouble , and told him to tell the prisoners that they should be ably defended . The plaintiff also relied upon a letter written to him by the defendant on thc ISth of June , in which he said , — " I beg you will transact your professional business with me , and incur no expense without consulting me . I doubt whether you will find the committee good security , " Ac . On the other hand , the defendant relied ipon the plaintiff ' s own bill , which though made out to the defendant , showed that the plaintiff was acting under the instructions of the Defence

      Committee , and not ofthe defendant . It was further proved by one of the defendant ' s witnesses that , subsequently to the letter of the 13 th of June , thc plaintiff and thc defendant were both present at a meeting ofthe Defence Committee , when one ofthe members laid down £ 50 upon the table , that being the amount ofthe subscriptions received up to that day , and requested the defendant to act as treasurer and to engage counsel ; and that the defendant consented to do so , but added , in the presence of the plaintiff , that he would be answerable only to the extent of the funds which might be collected . The defendant added , as a reason for his caution , tbat he had been a victim in several cases . During this time the plaintiff was taking part in the conversation , and must have known the condition upon which the defendant consented to act as treasurer .

      These facts were proved by the evidence of a witness whose credit no attempt was made to impeach ; lie ( thc learned Sergeant ) therefore trusted the court would take the " opinion of Lord Denman as to whether his lordship was satisfied with the verdict to which the jury had come , in order that a rule might be granted for a new trial . Mr . Justice Coleeidce said , the Court would communicate with Lord Denman on the subject .

      The Lancashire J1iners. To The Ewton Of ...

      THE LANCASHIRE J 1 INERS . TO THE EWTOn OF THE _JfOKIHERX STAR . Sir , —I have great pleasure in informing the Miners of other districts that we are daily adding to our numbers in the union , and that an advance of wages is the result . Since I last wrote the Miners have received an advance of ninepenee per score at Bradley Colliery , Standish ; at the Lower Ground Colliery , Shevington , they got an advance of one shilling aud ninepenee per score ; and at Aucklcy Colliery they have obtained an advance of one shilling per score , and threepence per yard . At the county delegate meeting held at Mr . Christopher Erownknv ' s , Aiusworth Arms , Ilalliwell , near Bolton , on Monday last , we had a delegate from Chorley district for the first lime , at the

      County Board . All tho resolutions passed at the Wigan * special delegate meeting were sanctioned , and two of the agents were appointed to draw up statements , and get them printed and distributed in each district forthwith . It was resolved that every member's name be registered by the Secretary in the county register booK . The lodge and district secretaries are requested to he careful hi sending in proper lists of all their members names , with the amount of each member ' s contribution , as no one will he entitled to receive victim pay unless his name is in the county secretary ' s book—for the future —and he must also have paid all dues and demands for six weeks previous to his application for support .

      Thc request of thc Miners ofthe rottencsfor the loan of an agent , was discussed , and it was found , that under present circumstances , it was impossible to comply with their request . Special delegate meetings " were ordered to he held during the fortnig ht at St . Helens , Rochdale , and _Halshaw Moor , ana p lacards ordered calling a public meeting ofthe Miners of Wigan , Ince , Htndley , Pcmberton , _Shevington , Chorley , and Aspul , oh Aspul Moor , November 21 st , when all the above districts arc expected to come in procession to the meeting . The county meeting was adjourned until November 12 th , at ten o ' clock in the morning , to the George Inn , Chorley . _

      The Prpsest Axd The Fcicre.—There Was Ne...

      The _Prpsest axd the Fcicre . —There was never eo _m-cat a thought labouring in the breasts of men ns now The revolutions which impend over -ooictv arc not from ambition and rapacity , from _^ mtiencc of oncor another form of government , _S from new modes of thinking , which shall repmrmosc societv after a new order , which shall _animate labour with love and science , which shall de-• _vh-ov the value of many kinds of property , and replace all property within the dominion ot reason and equity— Emerson .

      Re-01lganlsxvt10n Op Chartism. Great Mee...

      RE-01 lGANlSxVT 10 N OP CHARTISM . GREAT MEETINgTx JOHN STREET . A crowded public _meeting was held at the Literary and Scientific Institute , John Street , Tottenham Court Road , on Tuesday _cveniiiff , November the Oth , in order to effectuall y organise the Chartist movement . F . O'Connor , Esq , M . P . G . W . M . Reynolds , _^ -q ; B . O'Brien , B . A . ; A Campbell , Y . M'Grath , T . Clark , v . Di xon , nnd other speakers were present . At eight o ' clock , on thc motion of Mr . T . Cmrk , Mr . P . M'Grath was unanimously called to the chair , and said : —Considering thc importance of tho occasion , it- was an honour to be chosen chairman , for which honour ho thanked them . The _mimoso of this mneiW is

      so fully explained in the placard by which it is convened , that it would not be discreet in him to _enter-at length into the object of the _meeting . We want an effective organization of the Working Classes , which we . aye , and have heen for the last nine or ten months , without . Political parties appear to have settled down into a calm , it is for this meeting to say whether this calm shall continue . He ( the chairman ) thought otherwise , seeing that the wrongs of the working men were Legion Perhaps it had heen necessary thafca calm should have existed , to give rest and renewed energy for better future exertion . Tho continent had exhibited great activity in political matters , especially in Hungary and Rome ; but whilst the continent had been thus active , great _supineness had prevailed at home . We meet to ni ght to gather up the scattered units of Democracy—let tiiis be done—and well doneand a bright future is before us if we go to the

      work with spirit , the victory must be won . ( Loud cheers . ) If we look across St . George ' s Channel , we see parties moving there : that prince of humbugs , John O'Conneil , is trying it on with his party , and the friends of the immortal Mitchel—( rapturous cheering ) — and we , who have always been the vanguard of progrcss , must again erect the Banner of Chartism—( loud cheers)—for depend on it , so long as you remain torpid , Whigs and Tories will laugh at you , and tell Mr . O'Connor and other Parliamentary friends , that you do not want the suffrage . lie was sure that every hand would bo held up for thc resolutions about to be submitted to them ; but this was not sufficient , they must effect a perfect organization for their ri g hts . " ( Hear , hear ) . The conveners of this meeting propose that a Metropolitan Conference of delegates , should be held on the first Monday in December , to carry out this great work . He now would introduce Mr . Reynolds to move the first resolution .

      Mr . G . W . M . Reynolds was received with groat applause and moved the resolution as follows " That , in the opinion of this meeting , the circumstances of the present times are eminently favour able to the establishment of an energetic , determined , but peaceful and temperate agitation ; for the accomplishment of those fundamental principles of an equitable constitution which are contained in the People ' s Charter , and upon thc realisation of whieh depends the future well-being and liberty of thc industrial classes of the united kingdom . This meeting , however , declares that the establishment of such a movement is not intended in any way to interfere with , or impede the progress of agitations for minor reforms , but simply to obtain , in the shortest time possible , tlie complete representation of thc whole people in

      parliament . " Mr . Reynolds said : lie did not think an individual present would say one single word against the resolution he had the ' honour to submit . They intended no opposition to any _cotemporaneous movement . As regarded tho Parliamentary- Reform Assoeiation he thought it his duty at the OfiSCt , to say , that its president , Sir _JosliuaWalmsloy , was as good and as honest a man as ever stood ' forward for a modicum of rights for the people . ( Cheers . ) Bu t he was shackelled by thc men who surrounded him ; indeed , Sir Joshua had said as much in kis public speeches . ( Hear , hear . ) Ho ( Mr . Reynolds ) contended for direct Universal Suffrage , nothing less ought for one moment to be thought of . The population of Great Britain was seven millions , only one million of whom had votes , the other six millions were slaves . The I ' arliamoiitarv Reform

      Association proposed to emancipate four millions , thus leaviug two millions still slaves ; ought not , then , a party to be got up who would go foi " _the emancipation of all ? " ( Cheers . ) The working peop le must be up and stirring for themselves . Tho Parliamentary Reformers plan says , a man shall be in possession of his residence twelve months before he can claim a vote ; now the People ' s Charter wisely specifics a less time , as tho working classes are naturally migratory , their several occupations subjecting them to change of residence . ( Hear , hear . ) This he contended was a loophole for the lukewarm amongst the middle classes to creep out of . With the ballot both Chartists and Reformers were agreed . The Parliamentary Reformers proposed triennial

      parliaments , but he ( Mr . Reynolds ) thought the Charter plan of annual parliaments far preferable , as it gave the _constituents more frequent opportunities of making the representative really responsible , and of choosing fit and proper persons to represent them . In the matter of electoral districts , and the abolition of thc property qualification , they were both agreed ; but as regarded payment of members , there was a difference ; and he ( Mr . Reynolds ) contended that the "leisure class" never could represent labour , and hence the necessity of a paid Assembly . Capital and professions are represented now , but let the working man appear in the House as the representative of his labour , and see what a difference there would be . ( Loud cheers . ) He had not the most distant wish of throwing any

      impediment in the way of the movement headed by Sir Joshua Walmsley , but would support it as far as it went , and when it stopped , go on for the whole Charter . ( Cheers . ) Were the people to throw themselves into this middle class movement without thus stating their determination , it would be abandoning that glorious principle of Chartism to which they had so often pledged themselves . Hence , he said , go with thc Par liamentarians as far as they go , and then proceed onward in the glorious work until the people ' s Charter shall be obtained . ( Loud cheers . ) If they relied entirely on the Middle Classes , he feared they would be deceived . History showed this had invariably been the case . Who had rolled back events in Hungary , Rome , and Franco ? The Middle Classes called themselves

      the party of order and raised up their Haynau in Austria , and their arch and accomplished traitor , Louis Napoleon , in France , but banished the glorious Mazzini from Rome . ( Tremendous cheering for Mazzini . ) What would the Middle Class shams do for you if they once obtained their modicum of reform ? Why tell you that they could not have a revolution every year , and that thc discontented riff-raff , and rabble , must bo put down , and as a media , would jump into the jury box to convict you . ( Loud cheers . ) Hence the urgent necessity of a Working Class movement , and then Lord John could not say you did not require reform . He , ( Mr . Reynolds ) was for a moral force movement . Let your proceedings he peaceful and legal ; but determined , and the day was not far distant when the Charter would be the

      law of the land . ( Loud cheers . ) The initiative had already been taken in London , and a conference had been decided on , each metropolitan borough being called on to elect four representatives , and satisfied he was that proper , discreet , and intelligent men would be _choien . He trusted the people would take a lesson from their enemies , and wisely cement the bond of union amongst themselves _, lie had frequently announced his principles to be those of g lorious Republicanism , ( great cheering ) but he was prepared to unite with the several shades of Democrats for the People ' s Charter , lie gave credit for sincerity to all partics—but said let us unite in favour of the rights of one common humanity . —that great principle of truth that stretches from earth to heaven . ( Loud cheers . )

      The chairman here announced , that a note had been placed in hia hand from Mr . Harney , pleading indisposition as a reason for his absence . ( Hear , hear . ) Mr . S . M . Kmn came forward loudly applauded , to second the resolution , and said : This , like all others , was the time to contend for what they deemed was right . Wc are not quite fresh to Suffrage movements , and he thoug ht he might safely say , he had never heard one valid argument against tho Charter , and he believed they never would have had a Parliamentary Reform Association unless an ulterior nartv had previously existed . ( Hear , hear . )

      In askin _? for the Charter we only ask that wnieu the intelligence of the country demands should be granted ; the Charter was the most just and wise system of representation that could exist . ( Loud cheers . ) Why should we be talking of re-organisation ? Why was the Charter not law now ? Simply , because tlie people had not thoroughly willed it , ( Loud cheers . ) No , the people at large have never » iven us such a proof as would have warranted the _Government in giving it ; the people would hold up their heads at public meetings , and then return to their workshops and their homes , to sink into apathy ; and anon be caught iu the first clap-trap

      Re-01lganlsxvt10n Op Chartism. Great Mee...

      _jsjfSV- ¦ _^ _m _*^** m _*—*»* _mmmammimmmmmmmmm movem « j | pat . 6 fiered ' 1 _^^* _'l _^ _iSWfe _ji _^ ' « tlie people Hm _^ et .: b _^ _: _$ ieti 0 _ffi _^ G & '' moii ! Jh J ° _tilfWycs to obtain tlie Charter -it was useless ior Mrtg _* 0 Connor , Mr . Reynolds , or any other leader to . push onward unless supported by the _^ i » i ' " Voice of the people was the law of God , hut to exhibit this something more than holding up hands or petitioning parliament must be done or your «« voio 0 » would not be , felt . ( Hear , Jioar . ) We havo been told of thc goiw _. tffosperity , and strength of England . He also _tomthom that the people " of England was poorer a | this present time than over thev were . ( Loud cheers . ) Babington Macaulev asserted , and gloried _lfr-what our forefathers had ' accom plished , io luuii

      uuu . " ... ;» . < ., - vuuurcn _, were not benefited by their exertions . Yes , we have had reforms , Ireland has had Catholic Emancipation , England a Bill of Rights and a Reform Bill . But , where must we look fur tho proofs of the _advantage of such Reform ? May not the patriot say , in tho words of scripture— " The winter is come , the harvest is ended , and my people are not yet saved . " Well , then , should we not bestir ourselves ? He did not intend to say that political reform was all that was required . No . Political , moral , nnd social reforms , were all [ arts of one great whole . Chartism had been sneered and scoffed at—but notwithstanding this , it was the " ism" to benefit universal ' man . ( Great cheering . ) The principle on which Chartism was based had never been

      assailed-rit _; _^ wjs . vrepresentation , and taxation . . Let _pthewf _*^ oi _^ _f'theirN 8 noesto }; 3 bejng _^ _iTiU'fidrs . aiid . statesmen , he ( Mr . Kydd ) was proud of being " a labourer , and proud , because all our _greatness sprung from labour , IIc ( Mr , Kydd ) could see no distinction between the man who met him on the highway and took his puvse , ami thc man who entered his __ house and took his furniture under a law in which he had no hand , or concert in making . ( Cheers . ) In the House—called tho Commons Iiouso—he found tlie Church represented , law represented , capital represented , land represented—as a proof of the latter being represented , it had risen in value to double , or more than double its original

      amount , whilst thc people who had created its additional value were poorer , - and the reason the people were thus robbed of wU _' . \ t \ ' \ glvt \ y to \ ongei \ to them , was because they had not honesty or courage sufficient to maintain their own rights or privileges _. Well , if they really intended to regain their lost rights , they must take a different road to what thoy had hitherto done ; it was not tho fault of leaders , but themselves that were to blame ; if they hoped for success , ho reiterated they must iisrht tho battle themselves . The People ' s Charter ,

      which ho was here contending for as tho great palladium of right , was not obtained because they , the people , were apathetic ; they had been too fond of seeing Lord Mayor ' s and Queen ' s shows , and too lax in struggling for their own rights . ( Loud cheers ) He _vvis _anwitious of maintaining his rights as a man ; and if the people were equally ambitious , they would speedily have thc Charter , instead of being in thc position of cheering him , whilst seconding a resolution in its favour . ( Great cheering . )

      Air . 0 Connor on rising-was received with several rouuds of cheers . He said it was true that after a storm came a calm , aud it was equall y true that after a calm came a storm . Nothing gave him greater p leasure than to witness such a gathering to aid in the revival of a good old causo ; and nothing gave him greater delight than to soo upon tho platform many of their former leaders , who from p iquo , from jealousy , or mistaken mistrust , had separated from them . ( Cheers . ) Tho mode by which all other parties had been enabled to triump h over them—was b y the union of tlieir leaders —( hoar , hear , )—and he trusted that the leaders of Chartism would from

      henceforth sink , and for ever all their p i ques , their jealousies and diiTereifccs , as the onl y means of achieving national aud universal justice . They , the working classes of England , had from tho trafficking policy and from the profit made of their labour , by all other classes —greater difficulties to contend against than tho people of any other country in tho world , and lie would explain tlie reasons to them . In ereiy other country when a revolution took place—whether iu France , in Hungary , in Homo , in thc Italian States of Austria , in "Poland , hi Sicily , in Naples , and when the Belgians wished to release themselves from

      Holland , and in Ireland , also whenever there was a revolution in any of those countriesthe war of ri ght against might was not confined to ii mere struggle between the veritable working classes and the hi g her orders ; but , upon thc contrary , in all those other countries , princes , nobles , magnates , military officers in hi g h rank , and the middle classes enlisted on behalf of the people . ( Cheers . ) AVell , why was it not so in England ? It was simpl y because our money-mongering system enabled all other classes in England to live luxuriousl y upon thc labour of the poor . ( Cheers . ) * A y , they

      cheered it , but the fact was a disgrace 10 tllCU ) , as they—the English working classes —if united for one common object—the regeneration of their order—had more power than thc working classes of any other nation . Their mind had not been directed to the Labour question . ( Hear , hear . ) But however he mi g ht be charged with tautology or repetition , he would continue to anal yse the question even to surfeit ; for until they understood it they would remain willing slaves . ( Hear , hear . ) The reason that induced him to revive the Chartist spirit , and the Chartist movement was this—not to ofler any , the slightest

      opposition , to the Parliamentary Reform Association —( cheers)—while ho was determined that thc Chartist body should be regarded as something more than a mere corps of reserve , to be used for mere middle class purposes . ( Cheers . ) If thoy allowed the Charter to merge into any other question , that other question would be considered as the onl y object for which the Chartists strugg led ; whereas , if they kept the Charter prominentl y in view , it would conviuce the government , their opponents , and their new allies , that from the Charter alone the working' classes could receive real justice . ( Cheers . ) Thoy must understand that the

      coming time was fraught with importance . Tho Protectionists were now recruiting their sluggish forces ; the middle classes were recruiting theirs ; and the policy of both was opposed to the present government . ( Hear , hear . ) Well , then , they may rest assured that the present government—like all preceding governments—would endeavour to enlist the co-operation and support of the strongest party , and , if united , the people would be that party . As to Financial "Reform , it was a mere humbug . Bid thoy suppose that if tlie Queen Dowager died to-morrow , that their order would derive one particle of benefit from the

      saving of the hundred thousand pounds a yoar dower . ( Shouts of "No ! " ) Then did not that fact of itself sufficiently prove that the wholo system was one entangled skein , as far as money was concerned ? Were they not aware that if a reduction of ten millions , or twenty millions a year was made in the National Expenditure , that their order would not derive a particle of benefit if not represented in tho House of Commons ? ( Cheers . ) It was upon this comp lication of our monied system that the power of tho

      government was based . He had often told them that they could not discover thc amount of tax paid to the tobacconist , for a pennyworth of tobacco , thc grocer for au ounce of tea or a pound of sugar , or to the publican for a pint of beer ; whereas if the taxgatherer came to tho house of the labourer upon Saturday ni ght , and asked for twothirds or one-half his week ' s earnings in tax , to represent the dut y now paid to such dealers , ho would take him by thc nape of the neck aud thrust him into the street . ( Loud cheers . )

      Re-01lganlsxvt10n Op Chartism. Great Mee...

      There , was nothing better calculated to drive moderate men to extremes than resistance to their just demands , and ho would ' very clearl y illustrate tho position for them . "Many very enthusiastic agitators informed them that the Land was common property . To Slicll a doctrine ho ( Mr . O'Connor ) had offered his most resolute opposition . Ho" wished to develope the value , of the Land without arousing the indignation or alarming the fears ofthe government or landed proprietors " ; but when he discovered the impossibility of procuring legal protection for land purchased for the poor witli the monies of tho poor , while there was ample protection for the property of the rich , then he admitted the assertion that the Land was

      national property . ( Loud and long-continued cheering , ) "Well , would not this fact prove to the government , and to tlie country , that the greatest danger to the state was resistance to the just ri ghts ' of the people ? ( Cheers . ) Look at Ireland , at tho present moment—the country that was to . be colonised by English settlers—the far West visited last week by two experienced _Lincolnshire farmers , who declared that more than dquble rent was demanded ; that there wii _^ . neither house nor offices upon the j _^ irms _^ _an _^^ ha _^ e _^ _jates _andx . | jase . S :.: WOuld amount to as much sis tho lahu ' wiisworth : and in the midst of the horrible scenes that arc taking place in that distressed country , the mothers and their starving babes aro hurled into the hi g h road , and their miserable hovels levelled .

      " The blackness of ashes now marks where it stood , While the wild mother screams o ' er her famishing brood . " ( Cries of " Shame . " ) Let him show the injury that this system entails upon their order . It crowds their Labour market with competitors ready to receive any wages rather than starve ; and what possible escape is there for the working classes but to enable them to apply this otherwise surplus labour to the cultivation of their own land ? ( Loud cheers . ) lie did not desire to place all upon the land ; many may not wish to go , but let him analyse its value , botli scctionally and nationally . Suppose that mooting to consist of 2 , 000 persons of the same trade ,

      there only being employment for 1 , 300 , the remaining _d" 00 constituting a surplus reserve to enable tUciv masters to reduce wages , if the 500 wove placed upon the land , the remaining 1 , 500 would receive more wages than the 2 , 01 ) 0 ; while they would bo relieved from the necessity of contributing towards tho support of their unemployed brethren . ( Loud cheers . ) Well , then , if they understood it they must act upon it ; whereas , now , as he had often told them , the man who receives los . a week , but ought to receive £ 2 if fairly represented , scofe at his poorer brother who ' cannot earn more than U- or Ss . a week . ( I ( ear , hear , and " It is true . " ) Ay , and shame for them that it was true . Let him ask them how it happened that ,

      while the aristocracy and tho middle classes were improving tlieir condition , that of the working classes was as rapidly deteriorating . John Hanson , a very intelligent operative from " Yorkshire , once waited upon Frank Place , the tailor , as one of a deputation to explain the condition of the manufacturing operatives . John happened to have a silk waistcoat on , and _l'lacc observed " what right have you to complain ? " " Did your ancestor were such a waistcoat as that ? " John was flabbergasted aud dumb , but he might have replied " No ; nor tlie man that made it would not receive as much as my ancestor did , according to the value of money iii those days . " "And did VOU it ancestor live in such a house as this ? " "Had he such furniture ?"

      "Did ho go to his country villa in his carriage at night , and return to his shop in his carriage iii tho morning ? " ( Loud cheers . ) Hut to go higher , and to measure class distinction nnd improvement by the Hoyal standard—if the adulterous , incestuous , Harry the Ei ghth , who put his subjects to bcil Catholics , and made them rise Protestants , because the Pope would not give him absolution for his crimes , his abominations and sins—if he was to rise from the grave and enter thc house of * Prank Place , or any other man who lived luxuriously upon the ill requited toil of the labourer , iic would look upon it as a magnificent palace , and wonder at tiie progress we had made in art and science since his death . ( Croat cheering . ) Well , but had thc

      condition ofthe labouring classes improved in an equal ratio ? ( Cries of" >* o . " ) "So , they had not . And why ? Uecauso their own jealousies prevented a proper developement of their own power . They heard of direct taxation and its oppression , while they heard but little of Church _aad poor rate burthens , There was eighteen millions a year , ten millions of it unequally and unjustly expendedhere ; there was an idle and luxurious bishop receiving £ 20 , 000 or £ 30 , 000 a year from salary and peculation , and there was the hard-worked curate , the spiritual labourer , receiving £ 75 a year for doing . ill the work , and saving their souls . ( Cheers . ) Lot him now ask them if " the history of the world presented a greater anamolv than our present

      church system ? There were , God knows how many creeds , the professor of each undertaking to point out tlie true road to Heaven , but all compelled to pay one class of spiritual engineers . ( Cheers . ) " S ' ow , did they suppose that the all-wise Creator of man and the world , so intended that that faith which all should bo taught to understand , should bo so mystified nnd entangled hy the cupidity and self-interest of those who undertook to explain their own several views ? ( Hear , hear . ) In Scotland they had seven different sects of Baptists ; the one sect baptised in a shirt , coming down as far as this , the oilier in a shirt coming as far as this , and the women in bathing dresses , that came down to this . ( Here "Mr . 0 . 'Connor ' s definition of thc

      length of the woincns bathing dresses produced one general roar of laughter . ) Many of whom he was then addressing never entered a Protestant church , and yet all had to contribute towards its support . ( Hear , hear . ) lie would illustrate the injustice hy an anecdote : — " The Bishop of Cork , a very hastyman , employed a hair dresser and wi maker , whose name was "M'Cracking . _M'Cracking was a most amusing and lively man ; he took to farming ; he took u little farm of twenty acres , _« t that time the tithe upon an acre of potatoes was thirtyshillings , upou an acre of wheat over a pound , and so on in proportion . Mr . M'Cracking received a notice from the tithe proctor , to pay £ 20 tithe : he instantly rushed to the palace , where the Bishop

      was entertaining a select party of friends . The butler announced Mr . M'Crackling ; his lordship instantly said , " Shew him up , shew him up ; he ' s a niost _' _. imusiijnf follow . " Mr . M'Cracking was announced . "Well Mr . _M'Ci-ackiug" said his lordship , " How do you do ? Take a chair . Sit down . What ' s tlie best news . " " Why , my lord , " replied tho wig maker , " I have just gota bill for £ 20 for tithe , and 1 have not been in a church those twenty years . I don't sec why I should pay it ? " "l _' ooh , pooh , " answered the right rev . father in Cod , in a tremendous rag * , " Go about your business , go about your business ; it was your own fault if you did not go to Church . The Church was open to vou everv dav , and you might have cone if you

      had wished . " " Oh ! I beg your lordship's purdon , I did not think of that , " and he retired . In about an hour he returned , when the butler announced him again . " Oh ! " said his lordship , " Show him up ; I suppose he has 2 _'cleiited . " Mr . M'Cracking was again introduced . " Well , Mr . M'Cracking , " said his lordship , " What's the best news now ?" "Why I havo brought your bill , my lord , to balance the titheaccount" was the reply . Tiie bishop foamed at the mouth , and stamping , exclaimed" Get out you rogue , got out ; I never allowed a Saturday night to pass , without pay ing your account , and I paid you last Saturday . " " * I do not care a d n for that my lord , " replied M'Cracking , " My shop was open to you , every day since Saturday , and I would have given you ten wigs if you had called , and I would have dressed the voun" ladies hair as often as

      they liked , and if you did not come it was your own fault . " ( Hoars of laughter . ) Well , then , was it not a fair mode of balancing accounts ? M' Craking did not go to the bishop ' s shop , and was obliged to * pay because tho shop was open , and why should not tlie bishop pay because he did not go to M'Cracking ' s shop that was also open , and where lie might have _received better value for his money , than M'Cracking would got at thc bishop ' s shop . He would now repeat the illustration that lie had given at the Drury-lane Theatre , ofthe present system , in future days , supplying one omision—namely , thc representation of tho labourer . In ten years time , when the nurse would bo entertaining little children with thc story-book , illustrative of the present system—thc child would see thc picture of two bishops ofthe present time attired in white petticoats and lawn sleeves . She would say to the

      Re-01lganlsxvt10n Op Chartism. Great Mee...

      R _*™\ _"Nurse , who is that old woman there ?" « i . v . oisl- op , " the nurse would reply . "And who is that other-one , nurse ? " " Tha fa another bishop , my dear . " "Why , what was the difference , _nursp- * ' " One was a _Toi-v bishop , my dear , to show tlfc people the Tory wav ' to Heavenand the other was a Whi g bishop , to show them tho Whig road . " ( Roars of laughter . ) "Nurse , who is that fine , tall-looking , man there , dressed so queer , with a coalscuttle upon his head _?* ' " That ' s a soldier , my dear . '" " And what ' s that in his hand , and what ' s , that long spike upon it ?" " That ' s a musket , my dear , to shoot thc people , and a bayonet to stick them . " "Oh , dear me , how horrid ; for what , nurse ? " " Because tbey would not starve , my dear . " "" Well , nurse , who is that nice looking little man there , so beautifully dressed V " That was an officer to command the soldiersmvdear . " " Wellbut nursewhat makes M « c , "Nurse , who is that old woman there ? " „ . ¦• _¦ , * *™ . twhop , " the nurse would reply . _A _^ _^ o is th at other-one , nurse ? " " That _' a another bishop , my dear . " " Why , what was ih *> difference , _nurso- * ' "One was a Toi-v bishop , my ,

      , , him so small , ami the soldier so big '! " " Because he belonge d to thc aristocracy , my dear , and their families all married one another , and their blood became impure . " ( Renewed laughter . ) "Well , but nurse who is that poor , naked , starvcd-looking man there ? " " Thafs the man that feeds tllCIIl all , my dear . " ( Tremendous cheering . ) mow , he had omitted the last character iu his _ilrury-hiiie group , but without it tho picture would bo * incomplete . Weil then , he would now ask them to keep their eye . steadfastly fixed upon this new move , and never to lose sight of the Labour question , and of the Land aud thc Charter , as tho means of possessing ono and _remunerating thc other . ( Cheers . ) He believed that'Sir Joshua Walmslcy and several others ,

      were suicere m this new move , and he would offer them no opposition , but , on the contrary , give them Ids cordial support—( loud cheers)—whi ' le _' he never would be a consenting party to the destruction of the Chartist causo or principles . ( Renewed cheers . ) The tiling to which he would call their attention was the Land ; and again lie would remind them , even to surfeit , that the materials of which that room was composed—everything in that voomeverything upon their back 3—everything they slept upon and slept under—every morsel thoy consumed —every book they read , and everything they possessed—was produced by the Land , and " that from its proper cultivation alone could they secure fair wages and a happy ' subsistence . The Free Traders

      told them that when one channel was closed another was open for labour ; many dismissed operatives became " navvies , " and worked upon the railroads . ¦ I n-a very few years the speculators in their labourwore enabled to invest three hundred millions of money in bubble speculations , while tlie labourer was consigned to starvation ; and now , the only safe course for tbem , was to open nation ' s pap to nation ' s childrou _, so that all may suck at nature ' s breast , instead of remaining servile paupers . ( Loud cheers . ) Yes , but to elfeet this tlieir order must unite , lie told them fourteen years ago , in Stockport—the first town that he visited upon his tourthat tho day of auction would come , that Peel and Russell would bid tor popular support , when it became the basis of governmental influence ; and that they were worth onlist ' _iijr was sutficieutlv

      proved by thc fact of the Parliamentary Reform Association having adopted No Property (" hialiRcation as another ot their princi ples . Mr " . Reynolds had reminded them of adopting the principle of Paying Members ; and ho ( Mr . O'Connor ) upon his motion for the Charter in the House of Commons , reminded the House , that labour could only be faithfully represented by the hihouvcv , ami thai the labourer , if not rcinunerafcd for his services as a representative , would not abandon his trade . ( Cheers . ) This movement had not slumbered , as Mr . Kydd said , for six ov eight months ; bnt it was dead since May , IS ! . ? , eighteen months , but again , with their co-operation , ' it would revivr , and their motto would still bo the The 1 ' _koi'i . ks _Ciiautku and No _Si'nr . KxnKU . Mr . O ' Connor resumed his seat amid tlie most enthusiastic e ! ieerhi < _» .

      Mr . _BiiosTKiJUE OM ' uiux said his presence there mi ght be said to be accidental , and as far as the gentlemen on thc platfonn were concerned he did not know what their particular principles or objects wore . As regarded the Charter , he and every one with whom he acted were heart and soul with it—( hear , hoar)—but they simply looked on tlie Chavtev as the means to an end —( hear , hoar)—they believed the people never would better their condition without social rights . The question of social ri ghts was of far greater importance than that ofpotiiieal visbu . The Chartist movement hail jailed—yo . _* , failed _, lie believed it was because a thorough discussion ot ' social rights had not been permitted . He thought there was a great number of humbugs in ( lie _Parliamentary Reform Association , and a _sreat number

      of honest men out ofit , who were being humbugged by them . Was it not humbug to talk of reducing ten millions of taxation , whilst thoy had added four hundred millions to the debt by a change oft ho currency laws ? Free Trade too , it was said , would reduce our expenditure nearly one-third . Well , this was nearly _ell _' ected , and what was the result I Why that there were more people out ol" work than ever there were before , whilst the debt was increased . 'Of what use was it then to transfer largo masses of property merely from one class to another ? A change must take place , and the alteration must be made through tlie People ' s _CU-. wtev . ( Loud cheers . ) Men must understand their social rights . Let previous errors be avoided , if they wished for success . Ho wished it to bo understood

      that landlords and usurers robbed the people of . £ , 300 , 000 , 000 per annum , and tint they did so because the people wero not represented , and had not possession of their social rights . Let the people once know what their social rights were , and no power would prevent their gaining the Charter , as the means of effecting those social rights . ( Greatcheering . ) Mr . I ) . W . Rum- said that he , like Mr . Reynolds , was a Republican , and something more , for he was " a Socialist . The necessity of the movement proposed was apparent . He had no confidence in thc

      middle classes . He well remembered how thoy took up the baton of special constable , and with what avidity they jumped into the juvy-bos , to convict thc Chartists , ' simply because they ( the Chartists ) were real reformers . ( Hear , hear . ) He wished the people to be partakers of what they produced . As a resident of the borough of "M avylebono , he feared that they had scarce time en . ugh to select fit and proper men to represent tbem in Conference ; however , he was ready to go Oil with any honest democratic movement , either in thc ranks , or by the side ofthe ranks . ( Cheers . )

      Thc _Cuauijun said , he must ditier with both Mr . Ruffy and _^ Slr . O'Brien , lie eould not agree in censuring the whole of tho middle classes [ Mr . O'Brien here interposed and said he did not censure the whole of * that class . ] Neither did he agree with Mr . O'Brien , that Social Reform had net been discussed . Tho resolution was then put , and carried unanimously , amidst loud cheers . Mr . Thomas Clakk rose to move the second resolution , as follows : — " That this meeting having heard explained the intentions and objects of tho proposed Metropolitan Conference , approves of the same as a wise and prudent course of action , and agrees to the appointment of four _delegates to be present at such Conference , as the representatives of this meeting . " Mr . Clark said his was a business resolution , but previous to that being put , lie must unite his voice with the Chairman ' s in

      disavowing tho sentiments uttered by Messr * . Ruily and O'Brien , as regarded thc middle classes ; and he ( Ml * . Chirk ) , tlieir Chairman , Messrs . Kydd , White , West , and many other of their advocate . " , bad been the strenuous advocates of Social rights in tbe teeth of juries , & c . Their object was the looking for a common ground , on which they could all agree—that ground appeared to him to be the People ' s Charter ; and he hoped they should hear no more of personal denunciations , for of these tbey had had too much , lie thought it a duty to elevate more , and degrade less , lie ( Mr . Clark , ) as a member of the Parliamentary Reform Association , had attended many meetings , and never failed to advocate their whole claim ; the middle classes hud been used against tbem—they now had an opportunity of using them in their favour , and he thought they should ' avail themselves of the opportunity ; take what wc can get , and then go on for tho whole . ( Cheers . )

      Mr . _Uttiso seconded thc resolution , which , after a few words from Mr . Goomkixow , was unanimously carried . Mr . O . M . Rkysolds then nominated thc following persons as delegates to the ensuing conference foi- the Borough of Marylebone : —l ' eanius O'Connor , Esq ., M . " P . ; Messrs . W . Dixon , " T . Clark , and Charles Uttjiis ; tho nomination was seconded by Mr . Kydd . Mr . A . Packer nominated Mr . J . Godwin , seconded bv Mr . Clark . Mr . Godwin declined . Mr . Fuzzoii nominated Mi-. D . W . Huffy , Mr . T . _Buown seconded thc nomination . Mr . Huffy declined . Thc names ofthe four persons , nominated by Mr . Reynolds , were then put , and they wereunatiimouslv elected .

      A vote of thanks was then given to the Chairman and the meeting quietly broke up shortly after eleven o ' clock .

      Ci-Its Fordrusrknnkssis Swedkx.—The Swed...

      _Ci-its forDrusrknnkssis _Swedkx . —The Swedish government has just enacted certain laws against drunkenness , which show the degree to which that disgusting vice has attained . For the first offence a tine of fifteen rix-ilolliivs is imposed ; for ' the second , thirty _rix-doliars ; for tho third or fourth , the elective franchise and the privilege of being elected a member of parliament are forfeited ; _and tho offender is moreover exposed in the pillory on the following Sunday in front of the parish church . For tlie fifth offence the culprit is immured in a house of correction for one year . A person convicted of having induced another to drink to excess pays fifteen rix-dollais _, aud thirty if the victim bo a minor . General Thanksgiving . —Tho Queen in Council . has appointed Thursday , the loth of November , to bo observed as a day of thanksgiving for tho recent abatement ofthe elw _' era .

      I 1

      I

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Nov. 10, 1849, page 1, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_10111849/page/1/