Current:

Northern Star (1837-1852), 10th April 1847, Edition 3 of 3, Page 8, street, Uaymarkot, in the City of Westmi...

Page 8
Page 8
8 of 8

On this page

  • Departments (3)
    • $oiux deport
    • CmTespmfleme,
    • printed by DOT/GAl. M'GOWAN, of 16, Great Windmill*
  • Text (12)
  • Transcript

    • Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.

      Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.

      The Warrington "Conspiracy." Northern Cl...

      Potts 6 eni a _request to other places that the men dis . barged by tbem should not be employed . My business was to take down tbe time . I took it tour tions a day . 11 _-okeel at the p _^ nle on tbe highway hy the direction of my employers ; I bad noticed them before the 16 _? k of Sovembt _' . r ; I nvcr saw them molest any one . I have seen Joseph Smith stnp people . This was before tlie 16 th Of November . I bave seen them all do so at one time or other . I have seen tbem together from the "' imber of nine to t «» o . When I saw the two they wtte walking about or standing . at

      Cross-examined by Mr Watson . —Wilkinson was the foundry , he left on Noremfcer Hth , he gave notice . Saw Wm on the 19 th close to the works , towards _« _|" common . I saw himome . Csnnot say the time ot tne day , he was standing with Bleroairs and Firth . nave not got Firth . loevn . It was Ramsden who was wuh him Canuot sav when it was Joseph Smith stopped tbe people . Persons " who seemed to be mechanics were coming to the w .. rk *; he went and spoke to tnem , and tbey » vnt back . Itwas ia September . Ei _^ _inee-rs have generally dresses pretty much alike . The principal part ofthe men dress ia mol eskin . Does not know what misconduct Smith was discharged for .

      Joseph _Siiadwill . —I am *¦» engine fitter . On thc 16 th of _Soeember la « t I went to Newton in search of work . Had not heard of any dispute ; r . id not get work that day ; was to come again on the following Tuesday . When near the works , about 300 yards off , was met by two "ien ; Joseph Piatt was one of those men . Saw another man with Flatt , saw the _samu man before the justices ai Warrington , he was called Wilson . They -were leaning _against a rence , they came up to mc , one spoke , asked where I was going ! Sail I was going to seek a job . They said I had better not go there , that I should not stop long , as I wonld be told of it when I went _anvwhe-rt * else . They said there was a disturbance

      between masters and men : I said I was cat of work and must get a job ; thoy said . " You'll not stop there long . " "They _enured to giv- me something to eat and drink . 1 ¦ went on to the works and was told to come ba _< k after breakfast . While going away , saw Piatt about 100 yards from the works walking backwards and forwards . He joined me again , and asked if I had got a job * Said I AM not know , wis going to get a glass of ale ; he said if I came to work there I would repent it before the winter was over ; that I should not go into that b— bo ' s , and that I _should have something to go on the road with if I was hard up . After breakfast I went to the foundry and was employed there . I heve seen persons patrolling the roads since that time . I bave seen Piatt and Wilson Among tbem at different distances from the works . Tiiey bad me _tak * n up as a deserter on the 21 th . Was taken to Newton before thc magistrates . Had to send for my _discharge . Have been jostled by tbem .

      Cross-exatimied by Mr Baines . —I was taken np on the evidence of Piatt . I mentioned what ha-l taken place the day aft-r I was released , mentioned it to my employers . I was not frightened at what tltey said . Would sot have mentioned it it" I had not been t . _iken up as a deserter . Peter T -ylor . —I am an engiue fitter . _Novembe r 24 th 2 went to Junes and Potts ' . When I got near the work * I saw Qaarry . There was no onenear _iiisn at that t ' me . H- ask < l where I was going ! I said I was _goini * to tha Works , ts a friend had sent for me . Quarry said I bad better not co . as they were standing out . _because they

      were taking in old apprentices fr . _im 18 to 24 years of ago . _Bousfield and Cheeseboriugh then came a , * . B _.-usfield asked Quarry what 1 wa _» after ? _Quarry said I was going to Jnnei- an . l Potts' works . Bousfield said it would be a bad job for mo if I went . They asked if I would go back ! I said , I W' . uld rather go on and see a friend I had in tbe works . Bousfield said , if I _wtnt there , in a month ' s time I would not work there or anywhere else _, i Cross—xamined by Mr Knowles . —Has been in the trade 10 y _> . -ar « . * Unow 24 . Served his time with _Mell ' ng » n 4 Son , at Rjinhill . for seven years , bnt wa ** not bound . The words used by Bousfield might be , "You'll not be able to work there nor anywhere else . ''

      Joseph Hill , millwright , _wai engaged t <> * * ork at Jonas and Potts's , on the 6 th rf November . As he was goirg to tbe works on thst day , Buusfield end Firth came up to him . Had since sewn the _farmer before the magistrates at Warrington . They asked bim if he wanted a job . He answered , saying that "he did and he did not * , " nud _theo . tbey wanted him to give them " a meaning ; " on which he replied , that be was " in a job and _c-it of a job ;' with wbich they were still not satisfied , and he then said tbat be had work to go to , and work to come ti . Thereupon Bousfield _ask-d him to go and have a glass of ale , Which be decline ! doing . Bousfield , on his _refuting , Mid tbat if he wonld uot go , he ( witness ) mnst take the

      consequences , and tbat be would not ne a month in tbe Shop _bei ore he would be turned out , and he Ke . it onto call witness a d—d rascal , and to tell him he deserved to bare bis throat cut , _Witnessbadbcreiie tbat told _Bo'is * fieM that he ( witness ) had a right to < wll his own hand labour to the best _advantage . Had often _aesn those two me-n _, as well as other * -, si Hiding about near the works daring the period referred to . On tli- ; 6 th of November _, told him ( witness , ) in I irth ' s bearing , that if he would go into fhe worka they wonld waylay him that night , and in consequence o f that be ( witness ) took some _persons with bim , " both male and female , " as be went home .

      Cross-examined by Mr Knowles . —Witness _answprf-d Bousfield ashe did , as he hsd come from Mr Mel'i _' _ig _' _i _* , at Ramlull , and if the work did not suit tumhecemtii go back to Mr Helliag _' _s , who _wrouldknow _nothing about it . Is working at Mr Potts ' still . Has not been injured . Is in tbeir employ tbis moment . Is _talking for them now . _Waiooce a member of tbe Machine-linkers and Millvrrtghts' Friendly Soeiety , many years ago . John _Oates . —I hare be _* -n in the < _inpayment of Messrs _Jotes and Potts since the 16 th of Frbruary _. 1846 . About five weeks before the 2 d of _December 1 saw Dawson about 50 yards from the works . A man called Williams was With bim . Dawson asked if I wanted to be a holly ! I asked what he meant J He said , "Do yon mean to remain at Jones ' s or come out ? We have sent to you several

      times to come to our meetings , bat yuu have never been . " 1 said I was quite satisfied where I was , and did not intend to come out . They said , if I would come ont they wonld allow me 30 s . a-week , and _wanted m _^ topo on _picket wish them , to prevent other _people coming to work , and then they would win the day . They said if I did not coene out it would be wonefur me , awl I would be put down on the black list and _prevents ' , _getting work any _wtiere else . They said if f would go out they would find me another shop and pay my expenses of shifting . Saw Grundy on the 9 _tn of November _eleige to _% he works . He st ' ppedme , aad said 0 _* tes , I understand you have

      come to live here—would it not be as weli foryou to come out ! " I said " No . " He asked me tor a reason to take to he committee . I told th-mif th _^ y did not behave themselves I would have them put where I could find tb' m . Before that time I had been _applied to by Wilson to attend tha committee _meeting on the Cth of November . I asked bim what the _meetiug was tor 1 He said it was en the drawing-oat system . I saw him tbe following ¦ morning , and ha said , " Well , Ones , you arc to give in jour notice to-day to leave on Saturday . " 1 told him 1 shonld not . 1 know Murgatroyd . I saw him about a month before . Heaskrd u . e to go _t-, a meeting . I did not satisfy bim whether I - » ould go or not .

      Cross examined . —I made no note ol my conversation with D _* - - _-son . I never met with any _violence . Josepn Baker . —I am an engine fitter . I remember going on tbe 2 nd uf November to Jones and Potts ' . 1 met Cheeseborough , Gray . D « - » son . Hud _Qeisrry . They were together . It was 300 or 400 yards iron the works . _Cbeeecbirough asked where- 1 wis _uoing ! I uid te Jones and Potts' work * , to se k a job . He asked me if I was aware there was a grievance hetweea the masters and the men ! I replied , '' Xo . " I asked thrm if it was a general strike or not 1 _Chseseborougti said - 'It is not ; we only wish it were so , but we can rot get all the men ont . " I asked them what their grievance was t and

      _Cheesborough said , " " ones and Potts were taking a number on as apprentices , from twenty to thirty years of age and upwards ; and if they would submit to that they would soon be _brought like cm on weavers . " He said I might get work at the Vule . n _foundry . They offered me a glass of al ** . I went _> o the Vulcan , bat did n . it get work . Cheesenoreia _^ h gere me a note as a recommendation to a master in W . trine-tern . I asked bim bow long the strike wa t » las- * lie said it was not likely to last above a fortnight iv-. forr Messrs Jones and Potts would be obig _^ d to submit to thtir demands , u the shop was _rannio .: to rata . I - » .-nt t > Warring ton , and came back two days after t > Ue * -rs Jones and Potts . *

      Cross-examined . —Made no _memjrand'tm M the convenation . Witness bad been in th- ' _irads _hiii-ie fifteen years of age . Henry Ship-nan , a fitter , on the 2 _u-l of November was itt company with last witness . Vet _Daws-in , Gray , and Quarry near tbe foundry . CbeeseboroU'th asked where they were going ! and on their s _** j _* _i-. g "to Jones and Potts' for work , " be asked whether they were aware of the grievance . Witness or . eborai _:. last witness ' s evidence . Met Dawson afterwards , w _' i <> _askud whether he was going to remain at Jones and P itis" J Witness replied " Yes '" when Dawson _repliel , _What would yon aay if you got your he « d broke 1 " Cross-examined by Ur Knowles : No violence was ever tiered .

      Richard Brown , ia the employ -if the prosecutors , stated that he knew _defendcat Peter Grundy . On the 13 th of September last Grundy came to witness and told bim that be ( witness ) was requested to " give a noiice , " Witneu said he thought that he ( Grundy ) hid " taken the things in the wrong light . * " Grundy replied that be did co t think it was exactly right , but that they would foe about it . Witness then gave a week ' _s notice to bis masters to leave . Oa the 14 th bad an interne * with Mr Jones , and after that wit drew the notice Peter Grundy came tohim again en tbe 24 th of October , in the shop , and told witness that it would be advisable for him to rive notice a ? aifl , and witness did again give notice . Saw

      Mr _J-rnes again . Had attended at tw . meetings—one at a _pubfto-iouie , near tbe Vulcan foundry , and tbe other at the Oak , in Newton . The peopl- at those meetings were of his _» wn trade . Bowman , Grundy , and Smith were there . Knew that Smith had worked for Jones and Sorts , and Bowman also . The last of _thnae meetings was held at about three weeks _btffvre he gave the first Hotice . Bowman took the most active part at both _meetiojs , and the second meeting was about three weeks after the other . Tfa _» dispute with _J-nes and Putts was ¦ _seahoned , but . _jn . t down Ha tt ) Bettle other mattecs first . They wwo _MtUlBg aboat apprentices , and if W _Wf _'Halj . _aBihow _thepickets should be put on , at what _tao _^ _and _wbea _^ should coma off-piokeUat fc » towfcj it Joe * , a ** rottt

      The Warrington "Conspiracy." Northern Cl...

      _Crosi _**' examined by Jfr Watson . —Lci ; a ! apprentices ore seveu years' apprentices , bound at 14 . Does not know of apprentices at these works being taken for four or fire years between tweaty and thirty years of age . Thomas Davis , millwright , s'ated that in November he was going »> the foundry , and about two hundred yards off met * i > m < ' men . and in consequence of what " tiiey said , dil not- go to work . Was afterwards engaged at the works . On the 2 ht of November met Read , who told " ii " thought witness would have been , the last m ** tv in the world to look for work at such a place , and said he W 8 sa two-faced fellow and had _defrauded thc club , having got _half-a-crown for turning back and not going to work . Witness had not received _half-a-crown . He said witnesf deserved punishing . Witness said he would defend himself . Read called bim a " knobstick . " Some words ensued , and as witness was turning into his lodging *; , Rea . stood in a fighting attitude aud struck wit ness _several times . They had a scuffle .

      Cross-examined . —Had known Read 1 'eforeand worked with him in Wales . Never had any quarrel with him _. Met Read three or four hundred - . aids from thc lodgings . Can ' t say whether t ey did not bath begin striking . _itthesan _* " time . CharlcH Holt , a turner , in the employ of the prosecutors , into whose service he had entered em the lCih of November . Had gone there earlier iu the month , aud then s'iw some persons about . John Mason , _machine-maker and proprietor of some works at Rochdale-, wns asked if there was a turn-out at his works .

      [ Tbe evidence of Holt was not further pursued ; and a discussion arosn here as to the admissibility of that of Mr Mason , who it was understood was to speak of the employment of some of the turn-outs at Rochdale . His lordship was of opinion that _though the name af Mr Mason cf Rochdale had occurred in the correspondence of the society , what referred to tbat place would properly be no more than evidence to support a distinct charge of conspiracy , not _preferred among those in the present indictment . ] Richard Jones , in the employ of the pMsrcutors , ( had the handbill before produced shown to him , ) stated

      tbat be had seen that handbill some time before last Christmas , about September , and several of tbe men at Jones and Potts' were looking at it . Saw several copies of it , and witness received one ccpy from defendant Grundy . He and others were reading it to one another . Witness left a copy of it in the ofiice . In Octo . ber defendant Bousfield gave witness a letter . [ The ninth resolution of the committee , dated 28 th of September , among the documentary evidence * was here referred to , which stated that defendant Bousfield was to leave a copy of a letter in the office . ] _Bouefield told witness that he was afraid to deliver the letter to the master himself , and asked witness to do it , which he

      did . In cross-examination the witness said he did not know of tbe masters having sent to _Glasgow topreveut the men getting employment there . Knew that the handbill was to the same effect as that produced . James Apple ton stated that a man named Hasledine once worked for Jones and Potts . Knew that from the bock kept of the persons who coeue in and go out of work . Such a person went out of work , according to the book in which witness made the entry of the fact , he ( witness ) being informed of it by Enoch Marks . [ Marks was here recalled , and stated that be had so informed witness

      Appleton . ] By the book produced , Hasledine left on the 17 th of October ; Jones , Grey , aud Morgan left on the 19 th of Se-ptember , and Walker on the 26 th ; David Thomas on the 10 th of October , and Macdonald on the same day ; William Bruce on tbe 3 rd , Stephen Zaii » , Grundy , and Ellis on the 10 th alio . Greenough gave a notice to leave , and kit on the 21 th of Octobtr . Griffiths left en the Hth of November . [ The object of this evidence was to show that the resolutions of the committee , as recorded in the book found in Cheese-borough's possession , had ben carried out . Similar evidence was giren as to other woikmenin the employment of Messrs Jones and Potts . ]

      James Pcmbcrton , a special constable at Warrington , stated that Selsby remained wiih witness , after his being apprehended at Warrington , for three days . They bad -ome conversation about their both being Sunday-school teachers . Selsby wrote several times whilst so in witness ' s company . [ Letters here handed to witness . ] Believed thoso letters to be in defendant , _Selsby ' s , handwriting . He told witness that he , Selsby , was secretary to the _executive council of the trades' union , and be wrote a great deal while with witness . Mr Sergeant Wilkins said that tbis was the case for ' fteprosecution .

      The Attorney-General , in addressing the jury for Selsby and the others , his clients , teg . in by sayinjr _, tbat although he bad not much to complain of as to the way in which tbe case bad been brought bsfore tbem , be could not help remarking upon the somewhat theatrical style ofirapressiveness with which the learned sergeant had exhibited the documents put in evidence . Nor could he but imagine that Mr . Sergeant Wilkins must have intended a sarcasm upon the indictment itself—one of about thirty-seven yards in length—when ho speculated upon the number of these defendants who , by means of tbe evidence , might be brought within tbe "length and breadth" ofits dimensions . But was it fair to perplex _-t man by patting him ob hit trial and requiring him to e . * in | , i . bend no less than twenty-six different charges set foi tn at sucb a length as this t Certaialy _, in times

      before the flood , when men were said to live for a good many hundred years—and thirty or forty years , either oneway or other , made no great difference—such a document as tJ _* _is indictment might have been very light and _pleasautrsading ; bnt now , in these days of railways , the _tims could not be afforded . And yet it was vain that be had asked the learned sergeant ' s aid , and to have his own attention directed to those parts ofthe document wherein the precise charge relied upon might bv found , nnd therefore he _sAaauld at once bavt 4 onfc wWi it , and pro . ceed to tbe facts proved , for fear of haviug to make a speech too much resembling the record lying on the table , and preventing tbe _possibility of any interval between this trial and the next assizes . The learned counsel in opening the case had spoken of men like tbe defendants writing and speaking about

      political freedom , for the purpose of suggesting tbat these acts of the defendants had something to do with particular political opinions . From the beginning to tbe end of the _evidencn not even a hiut had appeared of any political purpose . So far as the charge coald be understood , was any charge made out ! Every count , except three , charged , in one form or other , a conspiracy to injure or impoverish Messrs Jones and Potts . But had the defendants , or any of them , in tbis evidence , any such object in view ! A combination no doubt there was , but a com . bination was not necessarily illegal . Men might combine , masters might combine . In tbe olden time some doubt was entertained on that point ; end though _masters might meet and agree not to employ men except at certain wages , a similar combination on tbe part of workmen to keep up tbe price of their labour was supposed

      to be illegal . But that was not now the law , aud men might lawfully and reasonably combine by legal means to keep up tbeir wages . Had these menany other object ? Tbey bad never exceeded the limits of the law . They had offered no violence , melested no man , but endeavoured only to induce others to join tbem in a cause they believed would be beneficial to their trade , and any injury to Messrs Jones aud Potts was an object they never contemplated . Against some of tbe _prisoners there was no evidence whatever . Seisby , as the secretary of tbis society , bad been put in front of the battle . Iu fairness , the rules of the society should bave beon put in , but enough appeared to show that this society was of a most beneficial kind , and that at the same time not a penny of its funds could by its constitution be applied to the purposes charged . The subscription was one of individual members , not of the society , aud for a purpose with which the society had nothing to do . Sehby

      had issued this circular , no doubt ; but that contained nothing illegal—advocated no illegal course—pointed to no illegal « ud . He was never seen with any of tbe other parties ; he was no member ef auy picket . The learned counsel then went through the evidenco against each of the defendants , and urged , as to many of them , that there was no evidence of a participation In any common purpose . As to all , he urged their object was a perfectly legal one . They considered it desirable that persons going to such occupations should be possessed of a competent skill , that they should serve a regular appreHticeship _, and not be employed at inadequate wages . This , waa their object , and not tbe impoverishment of Messrs Jones and Potts ; and though inconvenience to those gentlemen might ba the result , tbat would no more be the _affence charged in the indictment than the case where a man sets up a shop in another person ' s neighbourhood in tha hope of drawing tbe custom to himself .

      Mr Baines hoped that this was tbe last occasion on wbich an indictment of the present description would ever be-brought into an English court of justice , and be quoted by way of sanction far such a hope , the words of tbe present Lord Chief Justice upon tbe voluminous charges contained in the indictment _against Mr O'Connell and others , tried in Ireland , He trusted he might never again see tbe table of a court of justice loaded—ha might ren say disgraced—by sucb an indictment as this . He had , while Mr Knowles addressed the jury , made a cal . eolation touching tbe probability of any one ever being able , during tbis trial , to comprehend the contents of the document . Tha result was , first , that , there being 26 distinct counts , and 26 defendants on tbe record , there were , in tbat view alone , 676 questions for the considera . tion of the jury . Bat then , again , tbe 26 counts involved no less than 189 separate overt-acts , and those , multiplied by tbe number of persons to be tried , would give tbe jury just 4 , 911 points of difficulty for solution , He bad nerer

      known an important case of the kind , in which the prosecutor himself did not appear ia the box , and it was fair to infer , that the true reason why Messrs Jones and Potts had never been called as witnesses was , that they could not contradict those allegations wbich tbe defendant Selsby , in what be had written , preferred against them . Mr Baines spoke at considerable length upon tha present stau . of tha law as to con ; piracy , and particularly as affecting combinations of mea and masters . He said that there had been statutes upon the subject from the time of Edward I . until that of George IT . In the 6 th of George IT . was contained all tbe present law upon the subject , and according to the intent of the third section of that act ( c . 129 ) these men , if they had done anything wrong , ought to have been proceeded against in a very different way , and nat by an indictment for a conspiracy , the statute baring provided for such a case expressl y , and prescribed tht punishment for tba offence . As to the policy of » nforeittg- apprenticeship , it waa tobe observed tbatftr » wriod pf 2 W years—fr » m the _tima of Elisabeth

      The Warrington "Conspiracy." Northern Cl...

      down to the year 18 H , when Mr _Huskisson caused as alteration in the law—it was unlawful for any person to practise 3 ny trade unless duly apprenticed , and tbey incurred penalties for doing so . The same thing still ap * plied t » the learned professions , in every one of which some kind of probation was at this day required by law . And therefore it was not to be rashly determined that these men were unreasenablc in protesting as they had against the competition by o'hers , who , as they thought , wera competing with them , witbout having the same r ' m ht to employ . Their views on this point they had a right to urge upon their neighbours , und if they did this witbout violence and without intimidation they aad a right to do o as earnestly and as zealously as they pleased . He conended , tbat as against the defendants for whom be appeared there was no evidence of any illegal act whatever , or of tbeir having done more than walked about on the roads in tbe neighbourhood of the works . He then pro . ceeded to examine the evidence against each .

      Mr Watson said that at the end of the address of the learned _strjeant in opening the case , he was totally ata loss to know what was the charge ngainstthe _deten'lnuts ; and now , when all the evidence had been adduced , it was almost as difficult to discover . This was a charge of conspiracy ; not _whethir particular individuals had been guilty of isolated acts , but whether these acts had _bren done with a common purpose , nnd for that common purpose , cr one of thorn , alleged in the indictment ? It was the most indefinite crime known to the law , and one of peculiar hardship in this , that by such a form of indictment it was _sought to make men liable for the _aets

      of a great many others , at various places and over a great extent of time . It wat a singular illustration ol this , that tbe only act of violence deposed to as _having been committed by any of these persons , was that by Read , with respect to whom there was not a particle of evidence to show that he bad any common purpose with the others , or any connexion with a _comhination for any purpose , legal or illegal , He contended , that in this case there was no evidence whatever against some ofthe defendants ; and that as to all , none of them had been proved to have been combined to do an illegal act , or to attain an _illeg il object by any illegal means .

      Bis Lordship in summing up , said that tbe case h'i <) been one of some difficulty , from the enormous mass of charge to ba dealt with . The meaning of th « law was , tbat the charge should be presented in such a form , that , when read to the defendant , he might be able so tounderstand as to plead it . It would be absurd to suppose that that could have been done now ; but the indictment having been lemoved , the defendants had thereby had time . Hislordsbip quite concurred in some of the observations made respecting indictments of this shape But he would tell them , the jury , that they might confine tbeir attention to two or three of the counts . To state them briefly , the charges wero these : —first , that the _twenty-sir defendants , unlawfully intending to impoverish the prosecutors , had conspired to effect that object , and towards effecting tbe object , bad committed the

      overt acts described ; secondly , that the same persons had conspired in a similar way , and by similar meanB , ta impoverish or injure the workpeople referred to . in the indictment . The very essence of the offence was the conspiring to do the act , and the act was only material as evidence in proof of the conspiracy . As to the question of " intent to impoverish , " ifcc , hislordsbip thought that ifthe defendants really conspired to prevent Jones and Potts from carrying oa their trade , it might be fairly laid as an intent to impoverish , as the one thing would naturally result from tbe other . When he ( Mr Baron Rolfe ) first became a member of tbe legal profession _, it used to be considered that the masters might meet and combine , but their men not . That was then held , and it had always struck _peeple as a most unjust distinction . S o it appeared to himself . It ought rather to have been tbe other way . But there was a good deal of difficulty to make up one ' s mind upon the point of how far there sbould bu restrictions in this particular . His lordship , referring to tho statute of George IV .,

      went on to say tbat , notwithstanding the provisions of that act , the common law would still step in , and it would say , that if persons conspired to do such illegal acts they might be indicted . That was the law , and he need not step out of the path to enter upon speculations ; although to his own mind , it was certainly a more satisfactory mode of proceeding , when persons were supposed to have violated the law , to charge tbem with it directly , rather than indirectly . Tbe learned judge having classified the evidence , distinguishing the application of documents produced from the acts sworn to , as bearing against the several defendants , stated it to be his opinion that if the defendants could be taken to bave intended no more tban te persuade others not to go to the works in question , they bad done nothing illegal . If , on the contrary , they had intended to convey any threat , to intimidate , or to molest the persons with whom they held communication upon , the subject upon the turn-out , tbat would be evidence to bring tbem witbin the present _change .

      The jury went out of court for about a quarter of an hoar , and on their return acquitted 17 of the defendants , finding the remaining nine—viz ,, Selsby , Bousfield , Cheeseborough , Dawson , Piatt , Quarry , Wilson , Ramsden , and Smith—all giiilty . The defendants will be called up for judgment in the Court of Queen's Bench .

      « The Northern Star. ^^ April 10, ] 847 ...

      _« THE NORTHERN STAR . _^^ April 10 , ] 847 _mawmaiB _amawammamaama _^ ammmammmammmmmawsBst _imiu i _¦——^—^^^?! _SS _!^! == m _———^— _, * *—** _**™ * _' _^ ' v - ' _^ i .

      The Warrington "Conspirators." Important...

      the warrington "conspirators . " important " meeting . [ | A . densely-crowded meeting of mechanics was held last night , Friday , April 9 , in the large Hall ef the Phoenix Tavern , Ratcliffe Cross , to take into consideration the late trial at Liverpool . Mr Robert Swift was unanimously called to the chair , and said thc purpose for which they had met was a very straightforward one ; sure he was that they all sympathised with their persecuted brothren of Newton . _( Uear , hear . ) Their _committer had received a circular from Manchester , which stated that nine of their brethren had been convicted at thc Liverpool assizes by a prejudiced jury , and called on the mechanics throughout the country t > aid and assist that committee in bringing the case , on a writof error , into the Queen's Bench , and , in order to raise the necessary means , it recommended that thc levy « f sixpence per week , per man , should be kept on for the ensuing six weeks . ( Loud cheers . )

      Mr Newton , the secretary , said that after the enthusiastic meeting held in this place last December , the committee hud got up meetings in Lambeth and Greenwich ; they bad collected from their various shop 9 £ 353 to £ 304 , and he had the satisfaction of telling them they had still in the hands of the three committees of East London , West London , and Greenwich , the sum of £ 65 ; Mr Roberts had received upwards of £ 000 . He ( Mr Newton ) thou » h t it would be aa well if the committee formerly elected wera to resign , in order to give that meeting an opportunity of expressing its opinion . ( Cheers . ) Mr Bowkb moved , "Thatthe late committee be reappointed , and that tho best thanks of this meeting be giren them for their past services . " ( Cheers . ) Air Peoples seconded the motion , wbich was carried ¦ unanimously .

      Mr Joseph _Mustosaid he thought they w _«* re much indebted to tbe Manchester committee . The men whom the sapient jury had found guilty were only guilty of sucb doings as mo 3 tof them in tbat meeting would be proud of . ( Uear , hear . ) lie therefore appealed to them , by their brethren ' s suffering wives and children , by their desire to prevent thc same thin * : happening to themselves , to Le up and doing , and inciting their fellow . nien to d ,- _> likewise . He _conceded by moving the following resolution : — " That , in conformity with the reques of the committee at Manchester , we hereby pledge ourselves individually and collectively to the continuation ofa subscription of Gd . per week , per man , for six weeks longer . " Mr Walker seconded the motion .

      Mr _Nswioif , in support of the resolution , said they must not be satisfied with holding up ol ° hands , but endeavour to carry out the great object in view . ( Loud cheers . ) They were deeply indebted to tbe few individuals who had volunteered their services as collectors . By the circular he held in his hand he perceived that the subjeription was not confined to engineer . -. , —the masons of Liverpool had subscribed the liberal sum of £ 120 The plasterers , sawyers , corn-grinders , and bricklayers of Birkenhead had followed this good example . ( L'iud cheers . ) After the very able and impartial summing up of Baron Rolfe they would doubtless be astonished at the finding of the jury . ( Hear , hear . ) A curious feature of tha trial was , that those ' who were charged

      witb intimidation were set at liberty , whilst the more quiet ones were convicted ( hear , hear ); however , they must have the men brought before the Judges ofthe Queen ' s Bench , and then , ifthe other judges coincided with Baron Rolfe , the result must bean acquittal . ( Loud cheers . ) The Northern Star of Saturday would contain an excellent report ot tho trial , extending orer four columns and a half , indefendent of a first rate leading article on the subject . Great applause . ) For the appeal to the Bench Mr Roberto had already engaged that great lawyer , Sir Fitxroy Kelly , as well as Mr Peacock ; it was their duty to findthe means to pay for this talented aid . To effect this object they must agitate not only publicly but privately , and he hoped the next report that was issued would show all the shops that had contributed their fair quota ; so must they more firmly adhere , and by their strongly-cemented union enjoy all the blessings co-operation can afford , ( Great auai

      _apjji _-. / Mr _Uinolet said he fully agreed with the previous speakers , " that this was no mere trade question , but a national one . " England had often shown brilliant examples of a nation striving to free herself from the _enthralment of serfdom . ( Hear , hear . ) A former period bad witnessed the Kentish smith , raising the tool with which he wrought , and dashing out the brains of the lewd and insolent tax collector—( loud cheers)—but now they had laid aside the club , and taken to club their pence , in order that tbey might meet their opponents in the courts of law . ( Applause . ) However , he did not think they would ever get true justice until such time as the working men formed a part ofthe jury-class—until they were really tried by their peers . ( Loud applause . ) He hoped , u soon as this business was done with , to find their trade thoroughly organised , with a view to the making of their capital reproductive . Nothing short of co operation could or would secure the great blessing for whioh they contended . Thej had many good _tstmplei _boforc them ; for instance , the National

      The Warrington "Conspirators." Important...

      land Company , and . the National Association for Enfranchising ' the People . They might be assured that until they Juu _* . , * voice in selecting the juries , and in choosing the legislators , they never would be safe from prosecutidtrs like the present . ( Vehement cheering . ) _, Mr Bkllami said he could not agree with the motion ; he would therefore move that a levy be made in the several club rooms to the amount of __ three shillings a man , making with the eight shilling ** already paid , eleven shillings a man . Mr IIume seconded the amendment . Mr Mattium * opposed tre amendment , which was ultimately withdrawn . The resolution was then put and carried unanimously .

      Mr M & tihus moved " That a vote of thanks be given to the reporter , editors and proprietors of the Northern Star , for their talented , perscverii !" and unwearied advocacy of the cause of the oppressed and persecuted and the rights of the industrious millions generally . " Mr IIikduy , in a speech in which he highly enmmended the Star and Howitt ' _t Journal , seconded the motion . Mr Nkwton said they could not be too grateful to thc Nortliern Star for the service it had rendered their trade in particular , and the _workins millions genera | ly , _ The resolution was then put and carried unanimously . A second meeting was announced to be held on Saturday ( this evenin ») , at the Temperance Hall , W » terloo-road ; and a third at Greenwich , on , Wednesday evening next . A vote ot thanks was given to the chairman , and the meeting dissolved .

      $Oiux Deport

      $ oiux _deport

      Majnaiui** Ii'.-Usis.— Juvenile Ihieves....

      _MAJNaiUi _** ii _' _.-usis . — juvenile iHiEVEs . —un Monday two boys , neither of whom was more than twelve years of age , were brought before the _Lnrd Mayor charged with having made several attempts to pick thc pockets of ladies wbo were passing _through the streets _. The prisoners , although of such tender years , were well known to several ofthe City police . They had some time ago begun their predatery career by stealing any trifling property _exposed at shop d _» ors ; they then aimed at silk handkerchiefs in the pockets of gentlemen , and tbey ascended from that practice to the more difficult one of cribbing the purses of ladies . After having made many attempts without success , one ofthem receired a severe slap in the face frvm a lady whose pocket he turned

      inside out . They were then taken into custody , b > _it the lady seemed to think the chastisement she had inflicted quite enough , and refused to attend tho justiec room . An empty purae was found in the pocket of one of thrm . The prisoners said the police were mistaken . An officer who had upon a former occasion apprehended one of tbe boys , said , upon seeing him in the cage , 'What , is it you again * "" l" Ay , ay , old fellow , " replied the boy , "I'm in for a ' skin . '" ( a purse . ) The boy's father , upon being spoken to on the subject said , " There ' s not a greater thief in London than ray son , and I hope he'll be transported for life . " Thc mother of the boy said that until within the last seven or eight months her son was as good a child as ever lived , but he happened to get into bad company , and was charged with robbery , after which be was placed amongst the most deprared thieves .

      From that moment he became quite careless , and would only become worse by being sent for punishment amongst experienced persons . One of the policeman said the boy certainly exhibited a total insensibility to disgrace , for when in the cage , and questioned about his conduct , he began to dance , and gave what was called tbe double shuffle . The Lord Mayor considered the case was one which showed the necessity of increasing the responsibility of parents witb respect to the dishonest conduct of their children . He hoped that her _Mnjestj ' s Government would , amongst their other great efforts for the benefit of society , include the deplorable state of the thousands of poor children in the metropolis , whose condition appeared at present to be inevitable . The wretched boys were remanded , and both swaggered out of the justice-room .

      SOUTHWAH . K . —To Persons about to Mabbt . — Elizabeth Mary Maslon , who described herself as the widow of the late _rneisenger of the Ordnance Office , Pall Mall , applied to Mr Cottingham , on Monday , for his advice and assistance under tbefollowing circumstances : —The applicant stated , that since the deceased of her husband she had Icept a school iu Westminster , and about two months age was introduced to a youn _; man , named Osborne , a jeweller , _wlie after some time soli-Cited her hand in marriage . As sho saw no objection to him , he appearing to be a very steady , industrious young man , sbe consented to be his wife , am ! a day was appointed for the _salemnization of their marriage . _Previoujly _, however , her intended husband recommended her to go down to Gravesend , as well for the purpose of having the advantage of the country air and exercise , as

      to procure a license f « r their marriage to tako place at the Old Church . Tuesday last was tbo day she was to proceed to the latter place , accompanied by her brides _, maid , and O borne promised to join them by tbe three o ' clock afternoon boat . Before they quitted town , Oibeme expressed a desire tbat she ( applicantmight leave theke _* ys of her house in Little _George-street , Westminster , in his hands , saying tbat as there were thieves about in ever ) direction he was naturally anxious about her property , and that he should take care and see that she was not robbed . Having every dependence on bis honour and integrity she entrusted him with the keys of thu house , which contained a quautity of furniture of different descriptions , besides bed linen and other articles including thc whole of ber wardrobe , and sbe left town perfectly satisfied that she would be soon joined by the

      man in whom sbe placed sueb confidence . He , bowever , failed in his promise but the following day he came to her at Gravesend , apologizing for not being there on the preceding day , and then requested her to give him her late _husband ' s wedding ring in order that he might have some alterations made in it for their forthcoming nuptials . She at once complied , and gave him the ring oS her linger , on which occasion she informed him thnt a license could not be obtained at Gravesend , but in town at Doctors _' -coramons _, and she hinted tbe necessity for her speedy departure from the former place , lie opposed her wishes in this respect , saying that he would soon set tbe matter all right by calling at the church himself , and getting the necessary document from the rector , in order that the marriage might be performed on the Thursday ( the lst Inst . ) He then left her , saying

      he should return to dinner , but , net making his appearance the following day , she returned to town , and to her mortification , found that her "faithless lover" had stripped her liouse of all the property it contained , not even leaving her a bed to lie upon , in the course of her inquiries , subsequently to the above discovery , she ascertained that hehad disposed of her furniture to a brok r in the New Cut , where she had seen it since ex . bibited for sale ; and the latter admitted to her that he had purchased it of a man answering the description of tbe person of whom she complained . Her application was for a twofold object—tbe first , if possible , to bave Osborne apprehended ; and the other , to prevent the broker from disposing of her _goeds , Mr Cottingham inquired whether Osborne was of her own age 1 and she replied that be was much _younger : that she had since

      the robbery called at his lodgings , and was there informed thathe had left the place , and no one knew whither he was gone ; that , on the strength ofher marriage to him , she had given up her scholastic establishment , upon the fruits of which she lived , and that tiow sha was plundered of everything she had in the world she saw no other alternative left than her becoming the inmate of a workhouse . Mr Cottingham said , that from tbe applicant ' s account it appeared to be a most heartless rob . bery on tbe part of the man by whom she had been deceived under a a promise of marriage , It was a great pity a woman of ber yean , instead of thinking of changing her position and marrying a youn ? man , hud not rather attended to ber scholastic business and gone nn

      comfortably . However , she had been plundered in a most heartless manner , and directions should bu issued for the police to adopt speedy measures to take tbe plunderer Into custody . With respect to the property that had been sold in the New Cut , tbe magistrate directed one ofthe officers of tne court to call upon the broker and to warn him not to dispose of a single article sold to him under such circumstances ; and in the event o ! tbe man who had stolen them not being taken into custody the broker should be made to deliver them up to tbe owner in a week . The applicant , who seemed exceedingly depressed in spirits , expressed her thanks for the interest taken by the magistrate in her case , and then quitted tba court with the officer to stop the sale of her goods at the broker ' s shop .

      Assault and _RoBaEaT , —J , Speckwood and A . Due . kett were charged witb assaulting and robbing Elizabeth Hunt of a gold brooch . The complainant accompanied a female friend to the Surrey Theatre on the preceding evening , they afterwards went into the Equestrian Coffeehouse . Having remained a short time in the parlour they came out _together . Before she got to the door Speckwood made a rush towards her , scized a gold brooch out of a handkerchief which she had round her neck , and immediately ran away . She followed him , crying , " Stop thief , " and ina short time he was taken into cust « dy . A crowd of parsons collecting , Speckwood was rescued for a time , but eventually recaptured and taken tothe station-house with tbe otber prisoner . Mrs B Gatelas said she distinctly saw Speckwood snatch at the complainant ' s brooch . Policeman 83 M said that Speck _, wood ran , by a curious accident , into his arms . Speckwood made strong efforts to disengage himself , _urging _his innocence of any crime . The policeman however

      _brought Wm along towards the " Equestrian , " and while the complainant was relating the attack made upon ber by him , Speckwood was rescued , but was again taken Into custody in the Blackfriars-road . The prisoner ' s defence was , that aiming a blow at his wife he missed her and struck the com plain sot on the breast ; that he kn _^ w nothing of the broach . Hu had no acquaintance witb the other prisoner . Duckatt , in answer to the part he took in the transaction , denied that he had been in the Equestrian Coffee-house on the night in question ; that he was walking along the _Borough-roaa , and he saw a mob collected , and went over , when he was immediatel y charged with being concerned in the robbery , aud taken into custody . Both prisoners were committed for trial . MARYLKB 0 NE . _** -0 utbaqi : 8 _up » n tbe _Pottce . — Michael Manning and Bridget Manning , bis sister , were charged with the following assault . Mr . _Droioomba attended for defendants . Serjeant Nipton , 17 D deposed tbat on Saturday nlgbt _, th ? 30 th of Fab-nary , at about tirrirt _a'dock , h » wat _accott _* 4 by * man n * m 4

      Majnaiui** Ii'.-Usis.— Juvenile Ihieves....

      Callahan , from whose face w _. _od was running , and who told him that he had just been _struca . Tin pointed out Michael Manning as being the man who bad assaulted Mm , and witness then went up to him and told him _l-n must go to the _statloii-hou'e , when he exclaimed , " I shan ' t go , " and at the snme time mado a holt towards liisowu door . He ( witness ) ran after him , and just as he bad reached the end of the shop-front , Manning caught up a board , with whieh he made a blow at the head of witness . On being collared _an-1 told that he had better go quietly , he resisted and they fell down together , and as son a > witness had regained his legs Bridget Manning laid hold or him by the collar of his co-it , _sayinir , "You shan ' t take my brother . " At this moment he received a violent blow on the head , but from whom he could not tell . Bridget then cried out ,

      " Hit bim , Mike ; kick him ; " and Manning instantly gave him a kick with such force in the lower part of his _ftom _.-ich as to compel him , from the puin which he suffered , to loose his hold . Other constables came to the spot , and Manning was secured . On the way to the sta _* tioii-houso the police were pitted right and left with stones by a lar : _; e mob which had assembled , Bridget al ! the time urging them on ; and when they h < d got as far as Christ Church , _somu persons in the crowd shouted"Now , men of Ireland , do your duty ! " upon which a general rush was mado , and Manning escaped . The Serjeant added that , owing to the injury which he received , he had ever since been incapable of doing duty . For the defence Mary Ann Broderick , servant to Mr Manning , was examined and deposed that at half-past eleven on the night of tbe 20 t ! _i February there was a number of persons

      round the door , in consequence of some words wliich had taken place . Sbe saw ber master and another person ; and Callahan , who was one of tho party , was looking in at the door . He was asked what he wanted , when he used a very vulgar expression . Uer master pushed him away with his hand . I think his nose bled . In a quarter of an hour afterwards , she saw Callahan talking to a policeman , who said he couldn't take tbe _charge , and advised an application for a warrant . They went _awi . y _, and after the lapse ofa little time the officer returned , aud laid hold ef her master , as he was standing on the step of his door . He naked what ho was wanted for ; when the officer who had oollared him said , " Come

      along with me , I'll let you know presently , " and drugged him along from the place . She followed and saw both of them fall , aad saw tbe officer draw his staff and strike her master on the shoulder ; some more policeman came up , and one ofthem said , "Oh , you ' re the barber I ' re been waiting for , Yil break your b— - neck , " The crowd called out to the police , "You'll murder the man , " as they were dragging him along . The offlcere seemed to be hitting him with their staves . Mr Rawlinsnn re . marked that Nipton , who had sustained such severe injury , had not in the first instance acted _wleely , and the warrants were therefore dismissed ; the complaining parties could go to tbe sessions , 6 liouId they think tit to do so .

      MARLBOBOUGHSTREET . _—AaiSTocaATicViBTOES . —The following case attracted attention . At an early hour on Sunday morning , Superintendent Beresford , of the C division , armed with authority from the Commis . atonem of Police , proceeded lo 7 , _Bennstt-street , St James ' s , suspected to be a common gaming-house , in the occupation of a person named Oldfield and other * , accompanied by a largo party of constables . After breaking open several doors strongly barricaded , tbe _efflwers took seventeen persons into custody , and conveyed tbem to St James ' s station , where bail was taken for their appearance at tbis court on Monday morning . Many ofthe persona captured gave false names at the station , some

      of the pariies were well known to the officers , and their real names were placed upon the charge-sheet . On the magistrate ( Mr Bingham ) taking his seat thu court was immediately crowded by the accused and tbeir friends . The officers of the court commenced calling the names of tho accused aloud , when Mr Humphreys , counsel for the defendants , hoped that as this was a charge wliich the magistrate might feel it his duty to dismiss , he would dispense with the form of having the names called out , as their publication might wound the feelings of their families . Mr Bingham refused to depart from the geneml rule , and the names were then called over , as follow : —

      Henry Oldfield , William Johnson , John Sowden ( for having the care and management of the establishment ) , Earl _Memater , Lord Clifden ( afterwards stated to be Lord Clifton ) , Lord Stratbmore _. Lord Alexander Lennox , William Bromley , John Frederick Franks , Francis Barclay , John Jones , Henry Meyers , David Charlton , Thomas Leslie , Pester Forbes , John Smith , and Frederick Chadwell , for being in the housefor an unlawful purpose . Mr Henry Beresford produced the order of the Commis . _sioners of Police to enter the house , and stated that in obedience with it he went to No . 7 , _Bennett-street , St James ' s , at about half-past one on Sunday morning , in company with other constables . He rang the bell at the frontdoor , which was immediately opened by Johnson , whom he immediately ordered to be taken into custody . Witness then proceeded along the hall until he

      arrived at an iron door , wbich ? _'as fasened . Superintendent Beresford continued .--On arriving atthe iron door he could not find any bell , and ordered the door to be struck with a sledge hammer , which was done , when some person from within called out «• Who ' s there ? " to which he replied "Police . " The _perse . n from within said he could not open the door , as itwas injured by the sledge-hammer ; but , after a lapse of six or seven minutes , it was oprned by defendant _Soirdm , Witness then proceeded up stairs , when bis progress was impeded by another iron door . He directed the same course to ba pursued as at the former door , and after several blows bad been struck with a sledge hammer , defendant Oldfield opened a small wicket in the door , and said the latter was so ieijured by the force tbat had been used that he could not open it . Finding be could gain no admis .

      sion at this door , he turned his _attention to a side door which had been bricked up , and after about ten minutes ' labour , a hole was made sufficiently large to admit the constable . He then feiund fourteen » r fifteen persons ( the gentlemen defendants ) ia a room , and gave each in charge of a constable . Superintendent Beresford , — They were about the room differently engaged . Some round a supper-table , some were drinking wine , and others smoking _cigars . Mr Humphreys , - Were any impiemen ' s of gaming found ? Superintendent Beresford . —I searched the h <; UB _6 carefully , as also the defendants , and found none . Mr Bingham s : iid , that the 8 th section of the 8 th and 9 th Vic , c . 108 , established a new rule of evidence , that where any instruments of gaming should be found in any house or place suspected to be a common gaming-house , that tbe findingsucb instruments

      should be conclusive of tbe tact . If it had been thought that the circumstance of fastening a house up in this way was to have the same effect , it would have been _mentioned . The fastening as described led tothe _presumption that something was going on wbich the parties wished to conceal . There was no evidence that would support the charge , and he must dismiss the complaint . THAMES . —— 111-tieatment in a Lunatic _AsttcM . — James Downs and Samuel Garrett , two keepers belonging to Grove-hall Lunalio Asylum , at Bow , were brought before Mr _Yardlay , _charged with having caused the death ofa pauper lunatic named Rank . Mr Law , solicitor to tbe Commissioners of _jLunacy , ap peared to conduct the prosecution , and Mr Petham defended the prisoners , William Pride , a keeper in the same establishment , deposed that he had been an assistant ia the asylum during the last three months , and was keeper of Ward No . 3 . On Saturday , the * 27 th of March , about eig _i ) t o ' clock in tbe morning , hearing a scuffle in Ward No , 1 , he ran in , and saw the _deceased

      _staining in the middle of the room , on the floor in a state of nuility , aud tha two prisoners were ori ' _eriut * him to put his c ! othe 3 on . Hank appeared to refuse doing 40 , wben Garrett put a _baridiierchief round his neck and pulled him on the bed . He tben placed his knee on deceased ' s chest , and forced the whole weight of his body on him , and struck bim ten or twelve very violent blows In his side , at the same time using tbe most abusive _language Down was standing by cncourug ' . i ' . i ; Garrett in his brutal attack , and also struck the deceased several blows . Witness was compelled to interfere . Thede censed could not make a noise , the handkerchief wan placed so tightly round bis neck , and the blood ran out of eich side of bis mouth ; his face was all over covered with blood . Witness assisted them to put a straight jacket on Rank ; on doing which Garrett again gave deceased a violent push in the belly witb his knee , and struck bltu several blows on the shoulder . Bleod came from bim at every blow , The prisoners were remanded till Tuesday next .

      HAMMERSMITH ; — Octsaoeods Assault croN Females , — Benjamin Shelley w _» s charged with the following _outrageous conduct to _fevnalns . Sarah Weaving weut to the residence of her sister at Shepherd ' s Bush , and as she was returning home with an iufant child ia her arm . * , about half-past 10 o ' clock ou Monday night , the defendant ran violently against her , knocked her down , and trampled orer her . She screamed out loudly to him to mind the child , but be paid no heed to her , but kept going en . Bentinck , T . S 9 , found tho fir » t witness in a state of great alarm and excitement , followed the defendant and took him into custody , He had subsequently ascertained tbat the screams he heard as ha hastened to tbe spot proceeded from a young womau whom tbe defendant had also run down after the first witness . He had also heard tbat defendant bad at

      Shepherd ' s Bush likewise knocked down three otber women _, one of whom is seventy years of _aga . The defendant , in answer to the charge , said be knew nothing whatever about it . He had been visiting a friend , and had been dilnking . The policeman said the defendant appeared at first rather excited ; buthe soon became sensible and collected , and threatened to bring an action against complainant if she had him locked up . Mrs W saving offered not to press the charge if he would make an apology * , but be would not do so until it was too late , Mr Paynter told the defendant that he had been guilty of a most gross outrage , and bad made bimself liable to several other proceedings of the same kind , ifthe other parties pressed it against him . Tinder thes * circumstances he should not iuflict _thefeill penalty of £ 5 , but he should line him £ 3 , or a month ' s imprisonment . Tbe _defendant paid the fiue after being locked up a short time .

      Munificbnt Gift.—A Gentleman Called Last...

      Munificbnt Gift . —A gentleman called last week at Messrs Hemes and Co . ' s in St _Jame- ' _-i-street , and left uuder tho initials " Z . Z . Z .. f 500 in aid of the funds of tho Royal Free Ho- , nUal in Gray ' s Innroad . The wood pavement is a _^ utto he taken up in all parts of Londou _, being too slippery , and too easily worn , tor such crowd _^ tborougufarc-i aa thoso of _*^ jt _flXHrOBQju ,

      Cmtespmfleme,

      _CmTespmfleme _,

      Capabilities Of Tue Land . To Tub ^Citon...

      CAPABILITIES OF TUE LAND . TO Tub _^ CITOn op T 1 ) E _„„„„„„ biR , —Being a constant readerof vonrnanPH t r , account of what enormous crops mav ho Z 7 aa by proper attention to its cultivation—but _« cei nf thoso accounts are anything in comparison _tH'T foi owing , perhaps you may find a corner in h ( _* columns fonts insertion : — " -your

      ( From the Universal Magaxine of July l _^ o , Mr Charles Miller , of the Botanical Garden ai _n bridge , gardener , son of Mr Philip Miller , whose wrv in botany and agriculture are well known , reW . ! , _* - * following experiment on the cultivation of wheat On the 2 nd June , 1766 , he sowed some grains ' t u common red wheat , and on the 8 th of August wi , ! . !! as soon as the plants were strong enough _toaflmU _" _» " dlvUlou—asingleplantwas taken up and was _«« ,,.., into 18 parts , each plant of which was set _ttZ _? , H These plants having pushed out several side gh ooi Z ' about the middle of Sentemher . « nm « _*** , - " about the middle of September ofthem J

      _. , gome were 11 up and divided , nnd the rest ofthem between th . * . * and the middle of October . This second _division dueed 07 plants . Those plants remained _throul _L ° _" winter , and another division of them was mado _£ . the middle of March and the 12 th of A pril , _wbS B „ _i" ™! 500 plants . They were then divided no further buJ mined to remain . The plants wero , in general ! ttJ _^ than any of the wheat in the fields , some _sf them _T dueed upwards of 100 ears from a single root , _manVtf them measured 7 ir . chesin length , and contained betHc _^ 60 and 70 drains . The whole number of ears which bv

      tne process oeiore mentioned , were produced from on grain of wheat , was _21 , _109—which yielded 3 pecks 4 s 9 £ clear corn , tbe weight of which was 47 & 7 oz „ and from a calculation made by counting tbe number of grains in one ounce , the whole number might be 576 , 840 . By this account we find that there was only one general division of plants made in the spring—had a second beea made , the number of plants Mr M . thinks would hare _amouated to , at least , 2 800 , instead of 500 , and the produce have been much enlarged—for he found by theexpe . rfment made in the preceding year , iu which tl . e plants were divided twice in the spring , that they were not weakened by the second division , ne mentions this to show that the experiment was not pushed to ths utmost .

      The ground in which this experiment was made is a light blackish soil , upon a gravelly bottom , and consequently , a bad soil for wheat . One-half the ground was very much dunged , the other half wa * not prepared with dung or any other manure—no difference was , _hoevtver discoverable in the growth or vigour ef the plants , nor was there any in their produce . Having myself , Mr Editor , produced mors than _, double the quantity of wheat per acre than my _neieLboursi , by dibbling in about one-tenth the quantity 0 £ seed I am able to attest thatthe land , with add " - * tional labour , may Iw made to provide sufficient , for the wants of the whole of our population—and plenty to spare . T . Savaor Bristol , March 26 , 1847 .

      Sib,—I Annex Part Of A Conversation Whic...

      Sib , —I annex part of a conversation which took place between two gardeners of my acquaintance in my hearing a few days ago , to the followine effect : — 6 The one gardener told the other that he had got fouracres of ground from a farmer in the _neighhourhood of Glasgow for one year , at £ 6 per acre , _provided he put on 40 tons of manure—off which ground he was loget two crops of cabbage or other vegetables—one crop early , the other late , or winter crop . He proposed , as vegetables werescarce _. and , of course , dear or high , to have cabbage for the former , and greens for the latter . After thinking a little , I waa induced to make the following calculation , which I beg to submit to your consideration for information as to its accuracy and insertion , if _approred _ofliXI * SNI > lTUaE .

      £ i 40 tons manure ( including cartage ) , at 7 s . Gd . IS 0 Rent 6 0 Labour for two crops , say 5 0 Plants do . do . 60 manure at 5 s . _.,, 15 0 Total expenditure per acre 41 9 BECE 1 PTS . 30 manure each , cabbage and greens ( the present price for each by retail is 2 d „ or whole * sale ls . 2 d . per dozen ) , say 60 manure at " * each 12 * 5 0 Deduct _expenditure 41 0

      Kett gain for one acre , „ ... ... 81 0 De . for 4 acres ... , 336 0 _Vfihimt Rkid , Glasgow . Member of the Land Company

      Departure Of Frederick Douglass

      DEPARTURE OF FREDERICK DOUGLASS

      STRANGE PROCEEDINGS OF THE DIRECTORS OF THE AMERICAN STEAM-SI 11 P " CAAfBRIA . " Brown ' s Temperance Hotel , Clayton ' s square , Liverpool , April 3 , 1847 . Mr Editor , —1 take up my pen to lay before you a few facts respecting an unjust proscription to which I find myself subjected on _boatd the steam-ship Cambria , to sail from this port at ten o ' clock to-morrow morning for Boston , United States . On the 4 th of March last , iu company with Georga Moxlay , Esq ., of the Hall of Commerce , London , I called upon Mr Ford , the London agent of the Canard line of steamers , forthe purpose of securing a passage on board the steam-ship Cambria to Boston ,

      U . S . On inquiring the amount of the passage I was told £ 40 19 s . I inquired further , if a second class passagecould be obtained ? He answered , No ; there was but one fare , all distinction- having been abolished . I then gave him £ 40 19 s ., and received frem him in return a ticket entitling me to berth No . 72 , on board the steam-ship Camon a , at the same time asking him , if my colour _woildprOTd any barrier to my enjoying all the rights and privileges enjoyed by other passengers ? He said , No . I then left _t he office , supposing all well , and thought nothing more of the matter until this morning , when in company with a lew friends , agreeably to i unite notice , I went on board the Cambria with my luggage , and on inquiring for my berth , found to my

      surprise and mortification that it had been given to another passenger , and was told that the _ai-ent in London had acted without authority in selling mo the ticket . I expressed my surprise and disappointment to the Captain , and inquired what I had better do in the matter . lie suggested tay accompanying him to the office of the agent in Water-street , Liverpool , for the purpose of ascertaining what could be done . On stating the fact of my having purchased the ticket of the London agent , Mr _M'lvcr , ( the Liverpool _at-ent ) , _answere- _* 1 that the London agenti in selling me the ticket , had acted without authority , and that I should not go on board the ship

      " unlets I agreed to take my meals alone , and not to mix iili the Saloon Company , and give up the berth for which 1 had paid . " Being without legal remedy , and anxious to return to the United States , I have felt it due to my own rights as a man , as well as to the honour and dignity of the British public , to lay these facts before tliera , well knowing that the British public will pronounce a just verdict on such proceedings ! I have travelled in this country nineteen months , and have always enjoyed equal rights and privileges with other passengers , and it was not until I turned my face towards America , that I met with anything liko proscription on account of my colour . Yours respectfully , Frkdkrick _Douomss .

      Died. Lately, At Kilmaurs, Aged Eighty.T...

      DIED . Lately , at Kilmaurs , aged eighty . three , Mr Gabriel Young , hunter , oue of those individuals introduced among the graphic portraitures of the late Sir Walter Scott . Deceased is understood to have been the character mentioned in _* 'GuyMannerlna' "' as "Todd G ' lbble , or Hunter Glbbie , " " a fell _fox-bunter , down the country somewhere on the Dumfries side , " Death ok a Femaik Patriot . —At Charlestowu , near Ashton-under-Lyne , April 3 , 1817 , aged 73 , Nancy Clayton , who , for nearly half a century , has been one of the most consistent and persevering friends of the 1 _' eople ' s rights . She was a strict admirer of the political works of Thomas Paine , especially " The Rights of Man . " She was an enthusiastic dise _* _iple of the immortal Hunt , whom she attended on the field of blood at Peterloo , on the _neverto-be-forgiven and _never-to-be-forgottsn fatal 16 _'ta ot August , 1819 , where she received a very severe sabr _« wound . Uer black gown was so cut and damaged that she converted it into a black flag , and ever after exhibited

      it , along with the cap of Liberty , every ICth of August j until the year 1839 , when the " sacred month" should have been carried out , and the authorities of the town , fearful of civil cemmotion , sent twenty-five specials , and a file of the 6 th dragoons , to seixe the black flag , in wlusa they succeeded ; but tbe cap ot" liberty was secured fro ** the hands of those rascals . It ought not to be forgotten , that in the years _182 o-2 i , at the formation of the gra * _" _* Northern Union , and for several yearsafterwards _. thats _^ i * was a centurion woman . Shu was a warm-hearted _admirer , as well as a strenuous subscriber and regular sap " porter , of the political works of _Jjtossrs Cobbetl , Shewn . Wooller and _Ilunt , and all the Radicals of the _^ school . having celebrated the birth of the immortal Hunt W _^ _P * wards of twenty years successively at her own house . ' *? female portion of the Chartist * of this ueighbo _-arhocw lit ve sustained a very _savere loss in the death of tw amiable woman . She was borne to her last long l _'**** _" * by eight of _theoldost Undicals in tho town , and her m « _- mory will long be revered by all who had too honour * * 1 her acquaintance .

      Printed By Dot/Gal. M'Gowan, Of 16, Great Windmill*

      _printed by DOT / GAl . M'GOWAN , of 16 , Great Windmill *

      Street, Uaymarkot, In The City Of Westmi...

      street , Uaymarkot , in the City of Westminster , " - OlHce , in . the same Street and Varish , for the \ _: prieha , * FEAH 6 US O'CONNOR , Esq ., and publish *" by Viixuh Hewitt , of Jfo . 18 , Charles-street , Bf _* " ' _««" ington , in tho County of Surrey , nt tho Offico , _»<* _•*;' Great _WindnuU-streot , Haymarket , in tho _Q'tT otW » _* 1 ' minster , Saturday April _Wlh _. _mT .

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), April 10, 1847, page 8, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_10041847/page/8/