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Northern Star (1837-1852), 10th April 1847, Edition 3 of 3, Page 4, THE RATEPAYING CLAUSES. When a radical c...

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    • J U si " l "rliULlSilEi*, So. 4, (P*ies 6d.) of
    • OBSERVE
    • ME NORTHERN STAR SATURDAY, APRIL 10, 1H7.
    • , ; Co -i\eaSJrrsi # eoirafjjmi&fl.fs.
  • Adverts (12)
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      4 The Northern Star. April 10, 1347,

      4 THE NORTHERN STAR . April 10 , 1347 ,

      J U Si " L "Rliullsilei*, So. 4, (P*Ies 6d.) Of

      J U si " l " _rliULlSilEi _* , So . 4 , _( P * ies 6 d . ) of

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      THE LABOURER , AJIontliiv _H-M-azHie of P . _"litl « . l « tn . tnre , _Poettj _, _<*'

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      "So . II . is reprint * * : ''? a nd will be _rc . _itlv Be * : ! week . Letters _; pr _? _-jc'd ) to be ailure'ssed to thc Editors , 36 _rt-at _VThidmi . 'l Street , II . j-jiisrket , London . _Orders _rce-eiveel by nil _njrents fpr tbe " Northern Star , " and ail _bexfceileis in town mid country .

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      _Xnev Ready , a Keir _Editir-n of MR . O'CONNOR'S W 0 . _1 K ON SMALL FARMS To be had stlhe _Northern Star Ofiice . 16 . Great Wind Dill Street ; and _e . f Ac * 1 _Heywiwd . Jldnefcesttr .

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      NOTICE I KITED PATItIOTS _* " ~ AXD TAT P . I ARC IIS ' BENEFIT SuClSUE _? . Paim :. —T . S . _IH-Ncohbe , F . sei ., M . P . I * _* _I answer te' ihe _imii-eruus inquiries of Agents , Me : _nbe : s , and _CeiiTe * r /* ' " _"* i > _n _* * _Ke-tSce is hereby given _, that the _rieiss . _' _-e-t' _-s cf ti . e L . _OID Mid _15 UIL _' . H . ** 6 BEXEFIT SOCiETV' i er . uest _« d . _bytbti . i , tu be brought into _Cei-ape-ration with t c abc . ve Institut ' o . s , '• * now ready for _ch-cnl-iti : _'" . Within a few days the Rules •• ill be sabmitted t . i the Certifying Barrister for Enrolment . Further _ii _^' _uniistlesii , pru * _-j _* ev : u 5 t *; . & c , e-. n be ; « Jbtaintu atthe nftte , ov by letter { -repaid , _eiiciosiniitwe * _jxKt'ist * _staiiijif , _diree-ied t ¦ ine ( 'i "" re vi the Institutions 13 , _Ti-ttenhain-coait Xtw-ivad , St . Pancras , Loudon . Agents required ia every _y . _att of Great Britain . < l ) y Order ) Samel _Wihhm _IU-wv , _Secretary . K . V .-rjistrki _Sfirttaries and Meribers cf the Charti * _-t land Ocinpaiiv , crc _rinntiU' 6 ty _c-itchi _iafoHnJitii'n , _ftriisfi can _l-c cU .: i > nd ly ixr .-Ji . ij < t _eiamp for _^ _csU-ye . ) _ntpectiun He - _Snt : onni Ce _.-opcr _.-tivc _ReiieSt So' _-ietv , _of-. _ciikh _MessrsStahwcfcdc . i * "•• 'lceaf _.-re _jcii-. t _Sicreiariit , before Ibty in nny icy connect themselves _idti it .

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      IMPORTANT TO _EMIGRANTS . AGRICULTURI STS sr . d _otliere mnv _psrclwe ** 1 ACRE . * - * OF RICH TIMBERED LASD IS - _SEST 1-RN TiRGlS ' .. ' .. _dercribed by General _Wutliitctou r . s the _flariti . ' . of . i »> _c--h \ i , for £ . ' _*" . Ff . . * - _'d . Steriir . ir , A ' _UOl' 1 THKES SillLUNG _* * PER ACHE . £ . ' i _£ . _ttilvt .. he paid down , _theun-ihuUr in PITS A _3 XUAL _FftVi-r . VTS . For further ir . t * _* nsatiiin app _' y to _O-JAIILES _WILLMSS , America * Lend Ofiice , _STANLEV _rUIlMVCS , BATH STREET , _LIVERA'COL . Of _vrlivm may be h :. d a I ' Ki . _ip * i : ct on Ei ; iigra *;< _-ii , in which these hands _^ re : " i * i " y described , nnd tbe term * of sale _explained , by sending three _lostiife st . ' _; n : ps to free fiie « u ; : e .

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      IMPORTANT TO _PliOTOGRAPBISTS . AX _apjuifSiSiti ; w :. s made on the _iir-d _S-j _* :.. r . ler , t . i the Vi .-e-th . _*< n « _-: 2 ( . _rrf "E : i _* , _*! _- ; : id , b . * Ar . Beard ¦ _*¦***» , _aiaiij * uiiieY ; _-. _ia « jV . e _^ s -. Tr . t _* _rtiinv iieVariin , _eA-. r . _siilers * bin _* sc _* f the ; _dctntto . ue of th- * Photographic _pnn _^ _' ' . ) to re & irui _*! MIL E 5 ERT 0 S , ei * l . Tt ! . _;{" . _e-strnt . and 1 _'t * , _fleet-strct-t , vcto UUU \ ¥ VW _* t _* _- _* svA _^' . ds I' _-MttA _* - . _** , _vvhie- ' _v Me _doi- _« b y a _{ vj ? _ws e ' _ltir-.-ly _eiitlereKt fror . u _. d very vpcriiT to i _* r . _lie-uri "' _*' . ant at _oi . e-h . tlf the - / i . * _rge . His Honour ii fit-red ::. t _ajty ' _-wii ' Mi : n tc ' . _o . 2 _J-. license- _re-q' . i ' rcd :. _prj . ct _' _-.-c _xl-. H _jTuv-e _*? , _^ vii ' _:-h ' s _tznrfitby jlr . _Egcrtoa iii a fi w lessons it _nmuderate eMrge * " ill tho Apporatns , Chtra ' . ca \ s < Sc . toco had astisual $ y . h ' _^ Den _. tt . 1 , _Ttnij u- _' _-rett , VVbittiH-rs .

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      AUXILIARY TO THE NATIONAL LaNI CO-MI-A . NY . T HE FOC-V i _**** " _** . f the XATIO . VAX . _CO-OPERATiVE UE . _N'EFIT _fChlETY _rfS- ; ectfa _!' y teqaaints bis ¦ fcit thTe . i w tnt Uv . _ei CvnipKisy asd his _P . re . _tlu-r Demo _, erats in genera ' , that his _oritct in founun _; the _Sitietv _vrastoaiJ and a ** * * - ; tl . e Xat ' _evjal Land Company ia its _gk-rious _efforts t _... « n ii : e * i ; _- ~ sr tlie human race , by panr ' ng fond *; _iji'o its _exehiepe r . : iir <;< i _^ h tha means of the XAHOX . U . LAN'S and LA . 01 . 11 BANK ; but thc adoption of the i'EOfl . ! : ' .- - _J'AN'K _lu- £ _yi-oved a death-blow to tl . e _enrulineiit of tie _Sode-ty . A ! i uirclled socicths since the passing « f tl . e . ' ' eir Friend y . _"• u _.- _' _eties * Act , _I'l'inp compelled to _« _k--. os : t their e _* _:.--3 : i : i ti . e U .-. nk of _En-jlaiid , and _timsfaniisli the * "* : ; : ov * " ti c ;;' :. ldr . _Str-itdii _.: Army ,

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      TO TAILORS . T _11 F . _LOXPO _:-" AND PARIS 8 PRISG AND SUMMER PASlIHiNS _feir 1 S 47 , arc now readv , by PEN-4 A 1 I 1 N REAS and Co ., 12 , Hart-street , _Illoomsbiiry square , Loudon ; and by G . Berger , _llolyivell-stret-t _, Sttauel . ilay be had of aU booksellers wheresoever residing . Ry approbation ft" her Majesty Queen Victoria and H . _R-M . Priuce Albert , a Splea . lid l _' _l-int , beautifully _colourcd . and tx _< _juisitely executed , the whole very superior to _anything o tne kind ever before published . This beautiful print will be _at'toir . patiied with tue most fashion-able , full _sizi _* . Frock , Dress , _^ and Riding Coat Patterns —si complete Paletot , mueli norii in the Spring as an over coat—and a youth ' s new , fashionable Hussar Jack t , ¦ with sLirSs—tbe manner of emting than for all sizes—

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      BALDNESS EFFECrUAI . LT REMOVED . _AS CKGEON _residimrin Cork having , in the course of Ids Practice , had his attention particularly divected to . and _ae-quired great experience in the TREATMENT OF CAPIL LARY DISEASES , begs to inform those persons sSicted with BALDNESS ( _whtther ill youth < t adaiiMdinlif £ ; , n _* , y , by a most simple process , REPROX * L T * _. that _iiceestaiy ornament . Parties applying « i : i re-CUH CtO _enchwe a ' small quaatity of hair , and a tie of n ' _vtshiiangi _^ by peat . olr . ee ,. , ' . er , in fav 0 Ur of Surgeon -Edwaid Wiliains , _!** , , _lu-nry-ftreet . Cork ; when the _necojatyinstnichons will be for war-led by return ofpost . _i

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      TJJE U 1 IA tt . TH . ltl A _TCBLIC DISCUSSION Will take place on Mondat , the 12 th Instant , at THE SOUTH LONDON CHARTIST HALL , Corner of Webber-street , _Blackfriarf-road , between ARCHER GURNEY AND ERNEST JONES . ESQRS ., in which Mr Gurney will undertake to prove tbat thc People's Charter irould be injurious tothe Liberties and Happiness of ihe Working Classes . Chair to be taken at ci _^ ht o clock _pr-ciselv .

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      ro THE CHARTIST CO-OPERATIVE LAND COMPANY . nriRI-COLOURED SILK HANDKERCHIEFS POU JL THE HOLIDAYS , that mav take place on aud alter tlie First of May , to be hnd of Mr W . M'Grath , 13 , wluu ' s-row , Thomas-street . _Wliiteehapcl-road ; and at tbe Whittington and Cat , Church-row , _llcthnal-CVicn .

      Observe

      OBSERVE

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      All correspondence , reports of public meetings , _Chartistand _Trades'Intelligence , _andpeneral questions , must be addressed to Mr . G . J . Harkev , " Northern Star Office , " 16 , Great Windmill Street , London . All legal questions , aud matters of local news , not noticed in provincial papers , and requiring coniine t . to be addressed to Jlr . Ekxest Jones as above . All questions respecting Bills _iivtroduetd into _tlicLcgisliturt-, Acts of Parliament , their meaning and intent , etc ., and questions respecting the Ministry , and the members of the two " _Houses of Parliament , to be addressed to Mr George Fleming , " Northern Star" _( . _'iBce Ail questions , connected with the management of land , and touching the operations of building , cultivation , & c , to be addressed to Mr . O'Connor . Lowbands , Red Maries Ledbury , Worcestershire . AU communications of Agents , and all matters of account , to be addressed tet Mr . W . Rider , "Northern Star Ofni ; e , " } G , _GieafWindinill Street , London .

      Me Northern Star Saturday, April 10, 1h7.

      ME NORTHERN STAR SATURDAY , APRIL 10 , 1 _H 7 .

      The Trial Of Ths Mechanics. In Another P...

      THE TRIAL OF THS MECHANICS . In another part of our paper will he found the most accurate account that , at the time of our going ta press , has been published of this most important trial . The result is that the large proportion of _seBf-ifcen out oi twenty-six were acquitted—the remaining nine only were convicted . We understand that Mr . Roberts intends publishing an authentic and elaborate report of the trial , with a history of the whole circumstances from beginning to end ;

      but that , for reasons which we presume are sufficient , ha has decided on the postponement of the publication until after the judgment of the Court of Queen ' s Bend ) . Probably this judgment , although the struggle must be renewed immediately and with vigour , may not he pronounced for some time , and it may be well , therefore , to call attention to the _present position of the affair , and seme of the questions involved in it .

      The simple question on whicn tne whole proceedings were founded was this . Tiie prosecutors contended—supported hy the authoiity of Messrs Lyon aad Stubbs—immortal names . '—that the mere _PICKETING—fhe persuading men not to work for a particular master—r . * as iu itself an offence , if it were tbe result of a previous combination ; that one person _might persuade without any violation of "Am * , law , _\ _-fivt _tVat ii several combined- to persuade , such combinations became hy the mere concert an ILLEGAL CONSPIRACY . \? e give the proposition as it was avowed , and in its plain

      termsnr-Uher adding to it nor diminishing . On the other hand , Mr Roberts contended that what was legal in one was legal in a doz _*> . n or in five hundred * , that mere concert could not make that a crime which was not a crime—that conspiracy , in fact , was not illegal , _iii'Iess it rather sought to _obfain an illegal object , cr to obtain a legal object by illegal means . The importance of this question cannot be exaggerated . According to the law as laid down by . Messrs Lyon and Stubbs , no society of working men could be legal . Listen to thein , and you would regard the Colliers' Union as a mighty misdemeanor ,

      and the NATIONAL TRADES as bordering on high treason . The question , however , was one which could not safely—so Mr R . felt—be treated with confidence , still less with ridicule . The fact was undeniable , that many cases had been decided on the assumption that combinations , however peaceable , were contrary to law ; but a few years had elapsed since a judge , still on the Bench , had sentenced several colliers to imprisonment for refusing to work in a coal mine , until a particular person was dismissed . The question then was an awkward one—to be bravely contested indeed when

      it fairly arose , but not to he rashly provoked ; much depending on the character of the judge before whom the first trial should come—something on his temper and health of mind at the time . Often and often have we talked over tlie subject with Mr Roberts ; both of us concurring in the belief that at some time or other the old degrading decisions wouid be thrown overboard ; but we differed as to tbe chronology of this " sometime or other _;' _» how soon it was to be—how long to he postponed . Our opinion was , that the old conspiracy doctrine was destined to survive all those who were on the judicial bench . Mr Roberts , on the contrary , avowed his conviction that " the first good stand-up

      fight , to manage it as he liked , with a hearty and determined body of men for his client , health , time , and the fortune that favours the brave , he would give the old law a terrible shaking . " Our expectation did not , as before intimated , travel quite so fast ; nay , we confess to the having entertained a strong fear that our Land Fund treasurer was on this occasion a little too confident . And even now , notwithstanding his victory at . this the first grand stage of the contest , we warn him not to be too sure . Much , of course , depends on himself ; but far more depends on the question of whether or not his clients will retain their enthusiasm and support the future stages of the fight with the same zeal as hitherto : we shall see .

      W e must hurry on , reserving a more minute comment for a future opportunity . There were twentysi- * defendants . Selsby was accused , with all the others , of twenty-eight conspiracies , having for their object the impoverishment of the prosecutors , Jones and Potts . The evidence against him was an address and a letter to Cheeseborough and auothcr defendant . Cheeseborough and Bowman were charged with the same ; the evidence against the latter was some papers found in his box , alluding to the picket , and payments made to them . Cheeseborough' !* offence was , that he received the

      letter from Selsby , and that it enclosed a lOf . note for the men out of work . Others , besides being charged with the conspiracies , were sworn to have actually picketed— walked up and down in the public road—and sometimes ( when not walking ) standing still and occasionally talking to one another and to persons who happened to pass by . These " walkers up and down" were the real sinners , whom the masters and magistrates desired to catch —the prize which the race was really to be run for . Besides , there was another lot , men who had said , "Blessyour eyes , " in French ; to'd one man he " would be called a knobstick if he went knobsticking , " & c . ; but with regard to those the course was more clear , and the issue / moved no princip le of

      The Trial Of Ths Mechanics. In Another P...

      importance . If the several witnesses spoke the truth , it was knowti that all the talkers would be acquitted ; but as there was a strong probability that the gentry who swore so stiffly at Warrington would be well prepared for their cross-examination at Liverpool , the talkers were compelled to calculate that some might be convicted . The real struggle , however—that which involved the existence of every Trade ' s Union in the Empire—was with regard to the picket—or rather to that portion ot them against whom there was no charge whatever , hut that quietly and peaceably tlicy walked up and down , looking for strangers who were coming to work for the prosecutors ,

      pointing out to them the grievances that existed , arguing quietly upon those grievances , and persuading , by the calm language of reason , that it was good , proper , religious , honourable , charitable , aud humane , to combine , confederate , and conspire together , to stand out until the particular oppression was removed . This was the weapon which ( he masters avowed would ruin them—threats , violence , and intimidation they did not care about , for those they could meet ami counteract hy thc Intimidation Act ; but reason and argument—and that too by their own workmen " walking up and down "—oh ! it bothered them sadly ! there was no getting over it .

      Well , the trial has taken place , and before a just judge . Next week we hope to have a verbatim copy of Baron Rolfe's summing up to the jury . The powerful point of that summing up was , a succession of distinct « ind well-rounded periods , to the effect that all conspiracies were legal , which were not attended with violence , molestation , or threatening language—that the PICKET was perfectly legalthat the men who bad left the prosecutors' employ ,

      had an undeniable right to persuade others not to go there . It was curious to observe the fallen counten _iiices of the counsel for the prosecution , as one after another , in clear and unmistakeable language , the JUST JUDGE enumerated these principles of truth and common sense . True , he dealt " a heavy blow and great discouragement" to the old legal decisions —but so far frora being discouraged by that fact , lie really appeared to feel a positive pleasure in the task he had set for himself . We shall have manv

      opportunities of commenting on this charge , and shall gladly avail ourselves of them . Then came the verdict . All the defendants who had merely picketed were acquitted—the judge ' s charge had been so direct and pointed , that the jury could not avoid this conclusion . With regard to the other defendants , the verdict was a villanotis one ; but we must reserve our further comments till next week . The case ( on behalf of those who are convicted ) will come on agaiu next week , or the week after , in the Queen ' s Bench . We shall give a full report of the argument .

      The Ratepaying Clauses. When A Radical C...

      THE RATEPAYING CLAUSES . When a radical change is being struggled for , we have always regarded as an act of doubtful policy the direction of the public energies towards a halfmeasure , not involving the full principle upon which the change is advocated . This objection does not , however , exist as regards the agitation for the Repeal of the Ratepaying Clauses . The principles which are opposed to the clauses are the same on which universal suffrage is advocated . TAXATION BEFORE REPRESENTATION , is the great legislative evil

      under which the country suffers . Taxation before representation , is the foundation on which the ratepaying qualification is based . The object of all laws should be , to leave as little power as possible in the hands of snch subordinate functionaries ; as from their circumstauces they are open to bribery , and from thciv position subservient to party influence . _Kow . the Ratepaying Clauses are the very agents winch create this unconstitutional power . We all know that municipal elections , and the appointment o . parochial officers , are hut , in general , the manifestations of party preponderance ; when the time for

      parliamentary elections comes , the municipal authorities will be sure to use their power in the interest of the party to which they belong , and additional poor-rates , arbitrarily imposed , may disfranchise many a political opponent , while rigour or leniency , both transgressing the law , may be used with an effect but too subversive of individual liberty . It is absolutely necessary , for the sake of verifying the promises of the Reform Act itself , that these clause * should lie repealed—it is doubly necessary for the sake of Reform . Tlie Reform Act was intended to establish the franchise , on the basis of a prouert \

      qualification alone ; it has , however , been further limited to a rate aud tax-paying qualification thus , while the act was stated not to be a final measure , but a progressive one , we find that it has been retrogressive in its entire tendency , and has thrown the accumulated weight of different restrictions on the undeniable right of every sane adult to the franchise * Every effort to subvert so injurious a monopoly must he hailed with delight ; the more so in this instance , since every argument urged in favour of a Repeal of the Ratepaying Clauses must unavoidably involve tiie principles of universal suffrage ; and thus , on the

      wings o f the Press , that dares not pass over parliamentary eloquence in silence , give publicity to those principles which it has vainly endeavoured to stifle , when it found itself unable to refute . Again : this species of restriction taken off the franchise , would te id much to extend its limits , and infuse some democratic blood in the constituencies * it would facilitate that great desideratum , the return of Chartist members to the House ; and moreover , at the eve of a general election , it will be the test by which to distinguish the friend fjSm the foe—since all those who vote AGAINST us , and all those who vote NOT

      AT ALL , must be set down under the latter category . We trust the public will strengthen Jlr Duncombe ' s hands on the occasion of his renewed motion on thc Reform Act , since it is not individual elo - quence that can convince the hirelings of a party , tietermincd to close their ears to the voice of riglit ; it is not a reluctance to break their solemn compact with the nation that can influence the concoctors of that great juggle , the Reform Act ; but it is the fear of the people that can Alone tame TYRANNY INTO EXPEDIENCY , force FRAUD into JUSTICE , and FINALITY into PROGRESSION .

      Police Spies. A Correspondent Of The Mor...

      POLICE SPIES . A correspondent of the Morning Chronicle calls attention to the fact that scarcely an assize iu nowheld that policemen do not _t ; ive evidence against prisoners which tlicy have obtained by either listening at the cells , or within the cells by dressing themselves in disguises , and pretending tohavebeen committed for some offence ! At a recent trial at Oxford , it came out that two policemen had been placed iu the same cell with the prisoners , disguised , —one in a smock frock , the other in some ordinary dress , for thc purpose of enterin » into conversation with and obtaining evidence against tliem ! One of these spies pretended that he was in for a felony ; the other for _bastardy .

      This villanous system is becomitia the established rule . The _knowledge of this by the people , joined to the _excessivo _indolence and gross brutality of threefourths of " the force , " excites universal odium against the present "guardians of the peace and order of society . " Hence the police force _hai no moral power—none care to assist them , even when engaged in a righteous duty . Tho atrocious perjuries of the police in connexion with the Dagcnham murder , to _s-y nothing of the suspicion of darker crimes , is an indication ofthe utter want of truth and morality perrading the ranks of the present constabulary . It is high time that a reform ofthi * 8 body waB effected , and itis disgraceful

      Police Spies. A Correspondent Of The Mor...

      to Parliament that that reform ba * been so long delayed . The gendaimerc of France , or the tbirri of Italy , are not more hated by the people of those countries , than are the police by the English people , and with good reason . As one of the pro- s of the present " Bystem . " this Judas-force forms an additional reason for the people obtaining that radical reform of the fountain of law wliich the Charter would effect ; wanting wliich there is , we fear , hut little hope of obt _. iining a reform of the _spy-and _bludge-. nocracy .

      Retrospect Of Tiie Session. No One Who H...

      RETROSPECT OF TIIE SESSION . No one who had given the slightest consideration to the matter doubted that the unhappy and wretched condition of Ireland would absorb the lion ' s share of the time and attention of Parliament during the present session . So far it has done so , and having arrived at a sort of landing-place with the Easter holidays , it naturally occurs to us to take a retrospect of the semi-Session , and to ask , what are the practical results of Governmental action , and of Legislative deliberation ?

      The problem offered for solution was a difficult but not impossible one . The very magnitude of the evils by which Ireland was overwhelmed , while they called for an extraordinary effort fer their removal offered facilities for that purpose to a bold and clearsighted Minister . While the old lumbering machinery of Society works tolerably easy in the ususal style , there are always " vested interests ' ' and privileged classes sufficiently powerful to retard , if not arrest , the progress of needful reforms ; bat when a nation arrives at the climax of the evils produced hy

      long-continued misgoveniment , such opposition , if 'tot altogether destroyed , is diminished in potency . The path is cleared of some ofthe obstructions which lie in the way of political and social improvements , and the Government for the time being are exempted from the _necesuty of ruling upon traditional -maxims and obsolete precedents by the very novelty and urgency of the new circumstances they are called upon to meet . Ireland has long been the diseased member of _tficbwrj politic . 11 is ostensibly an integral part of a mighty empire of which we are accustomed to boast ,

      Ibat it stands in the very van of civilization ; that it is the richest , most prosperous , most enlightened , moist powerful , and most extensive of modern times . We point with pride to the fact , that its language is spoken in every clime ; that its commerce has penetrated every habitable part of the globe ; and that its fleets proudly claim the dominion of the sea . Yet , as if to rebuke flu ' s vain-glorious self-adulation , up starts' the awful and appalling spectacle of an island separated from fhe seat of Government only by a few miles of sea , in which the people are

      perishing in lens of thousands by famine and pestilence , at the very moment when ' wheat , barley , oats , bacon , butter , eggs , oxen and sheep , are leaving their ports for the wealthier markets of England , there to be converted into money , to be spent by absentee landlord *; , or added to the hoards of usurious mortgagees . It is quite clear that in such a case the implied conditions which constitute the basis of all

      human societies have been violated . _Everything is unnatural , unjust , monstrous . Disorganisation anarchy , discontent , insecurity and violence , are thc natural result of this subversion of all the fundamental principles nf human association , and the imperative duty of the Government is to begin at thc _bcg-iining _, not tamper with evils which have outgrown the ameliorative effect of mere palliatives .

      Such was the position and the duty of the present _Cabinet with reference to Ireland . It was clear that the existing institutions in that country had totally failed to answer the objects of society . Thr lime had come , in fact , io re-construct them afresh , and to base them upon such principles of productive and distributive equity as should , when they' were pu * in operation , enforce industry , secure to labour its just reward , to capital its rightful return—prosperity and _ccntejitwent to all . That this could have been done , may he dciie , wiih the land , mines ,

      fisheries of Ireland , and the labour of irishmen , we _confidently believe and assert . These are the original elements out cf which all wealth is created . A ¦ statesman-like plan , wliich would have brought the aid of British capital , energy , and skill , to the prr . c ucul and general development of the now latent capabilities of Ireland , wns all that was required to raise that country to a height of prosperity , a * great as her present abasement is deep , in consequence cf the tyrannical , unjust , and truly disgraceful manner in wliich she has hitherto been _trovemed .

      Unfortunately for ns and for Ireland no such comprehensive or practical proceedings were to be expected from the present Ministry . The party to which _fhey belong has ever shown itself deficient in all lie higher qualities of statesmen and politicians , and . the Whigs of 1847 will do little to retrieve or elevate its character . Instead of seizing the opportunity offered by thc state of things , thus _sligluly sketched , for introducing a new tenure of the soil _, und liberating the Irish serf from the thraldom of landlord and middleman , for supplying incitements and means to pursue such a course in future , as should prevent the recurrence of a similar calamity ,

      Lord John Russell proposed a " series of small incongruous nostrums , apparently taken at random from the heap of suggestions propounded by different parties . He had not the political genius to fuse them down into one homogeneous mass , to pervade them with one idea , and link them together so consecutively , that one plan would re _* act beneficially on the other , and all tend to the production of a given general result . The only certain thing that could be extracted from the heterogeneous bundle was , that Lord John Russell was very much afraid of lie master-curse of Irelaud—its landlords , and resolved to propitiate them at any price .

      In order to do this the ministerial plans were divided into two sections , temporary and permanent the first being intended to remedy the consequences of previous legislative blundering in the matter of the Labour-Rate Act , and lo mitigate the pressure of the destitution , while proceeding with more lastin gineasures . What progress has been made with these different classes of measures such as they are ?

      All the "temporary" ones have passed ; hut so far with little appearance of having met the exigencies of thc crisis . As yet the results are small in comparison with the wants . Ireland is in a worse state now , at Easter , than it was at Christmas ; panperism and deaths—strange companions!—increase in spite of the efforts to arrest them . The ministerial " temporary " policy is a failure as far as it has

      gone . Of the " permanent" measures , those intended to put Ireland in a better and safer state for ihe future as far as Whig comprehension can master that problem , the New Poor Law and the Joans lo landlords , are in progress . Of the first we fully expressed our opinion last week , and see no reason to retract it . The measure was from the beginning only

      valuable as a legislative recognition of the right of the people of Ireland to employment or subsistence in their nafive land * Hut even this abstract value has been practically destroyed by ministers agieeing to two amendments (?) proposed b y the opponents of the Bill : the first increasing the number of ex officio guardians , and taking the management out of the hands ofthe middle or trading classes , and the other for limiting the relief in all case * to persons

      Retrospect Of Tiie Session. No One Who H...

      who ocenpy more than a quarter of an acre of land . As it now stands , the Bi'l is a disgusting mockery o the name it bears . As to the plan for lending the landlords money to improve their estates , the wisdom , efficiency , and applicability of that measure has never been clear to our minds . On principle we say , tbat if the State lends money for puMic purposes and the employment of labour , the profits and results of that" money and labour ought to belong to ths Slate and the labourers , the two active agents in the transaction , and not to any third class . We would have no sleeping partners in such affairs _.

      As to the other " permanent" measures of the ministerial programme , with the exception of one to facilitate the sale of encumbered estates , which has only been introduced—not explained-they are all visions of the future . The Bill for the reclamation of waste lands is still an imaginary thing , and it is said will continue so . A Bill was promised to improve the relations between landlord and tenant . Doubt is now expressed as to whether it wiil ever he introduced . Not one of the " permanent" measures has as yet received a substantial existence—some are likely never to do so .

      What hope , under such circumstances , is there that Ireland will next year , or thc year after thai , be in a better position than it is now , if such paltering , peddling legislation as this is permitted to go otv ? It is at owce a _enrse to Ireland awl to Great Britain . On the one it entails protracted suffering , destitution , disease , and the destruction of that most valuable of all national qualities , the spirit of independence and self-helpfulness ; and upon thc other , a continued necessity for contributing to the mitigation of that misery which is thus artificially generated and kept in existence ,

      willi tlie pain of seeing that the efforts for its suppression are fruitless . In fact , the whole legislation of the present Cabinet for Ireland is one huge blunder . They are spending about a _million a month on desperate temporary expedients—they are ready to lend the landlords some two millions and a half . The million that was proposed to be spent on the reclamation of waste is only a promise . In proportion to the permanent and effectual character of the measure , they are hesitating and parsimonious * , in reckless temporary expedients , they have proved bold and lavish .

      The most notable measures not connected with the wants of Ireland , introduced by thc Government , have been the scheme of extended education , the altered scheme of transportation , the sanitary bill , and the limited enlistment bill ; the hvo fir * : being in reality out of Parliament , inasmuch as it is proposed to carry them out by a stretch of prerogative without asking the formal consent of

      the Legislature . So fas as can be seen , these seem to be the social and colonial reforms promised by the Premiev on taking office . They form another illustration of the manner in which Whigs "keep the word of promise to thc car , but break it to the hope . " The Education scheme is confessedly below the want ; it is not the measure of National Education which Lord John ' s announcements

      raised an expectation o f ; and his endeavour to avoid opposition by smuggling it through the Privy Council , instead of submitting it to Parliament , besides being dangerous as a precedent , and unconstitutional in itself , has failed : n the object in view . Mr Baines and the Dissenters are quite as wild and determined in iheir resistance to the ' small go " as they could possibly have been to the largest and boldest measure .

      This hesitation and timidity on the part of the Minister has not beeu justified by anything in tlie conduct of either Ilouse of Parliament . Every disposition has betn shown to support the Ministerial plans and an anxious desire to expedite the business of tiie nation at large . Weak as a party , Ministers have on all great questions obtained large majorities , and , with few exceptions , a general desire to support them has been manifested . Sir Robert Peel has been a coadjutor , not an opponent . Under these circumstances , there is no excuse for their failure . Parliament has exhibited a total absence

      of party obstructivencss , and a readiness for the work belore it , but Ministers want vigour to take advantage of that disposition . They have neither coinage nor earnestness sufficient to use the power which a peculiar slate of parlies has for the time being thrust upon them . To one measure only which is still in progress can we look with satisfaction in this retrospect of the semi-Session—the Ten Hours' Bill . Its triumphant success in the Lower Ilouse is almost a guarantee that it will pass through the Peers unscathed . Il

      so , it will be the great legislative feature of the Session , and render 1847 memorable in the annals of Parliament , as being the year in which an agitation was consummated , which was originated by Robert Owen in 1812 , and has been continued by the working classes ever since under various leaders , with an earnestness , intelligence , courage and peacefulness which reflects upon them the highest honour . But for this legislative consummation of these long-continued labours , let it be remembered that the Ministry , as a Ministry , cau lake no credit To the individual members of the Cabinet who supported it let all due honour he given * , but et not

      the fact of their having done so cause forget fulness of the other faet , that it was opp . _'s . _'d _. und _strenuously too , by several ef the most important ministers , including the Chancellor of the Exchequer . In looking back to the jear in which this factory slave finally achieved emancipation Irom lung hours of life-wearing toil , none will think of the Ministry as being entitled to gratitude in the matter . The review of their whole policy dm ing the portion of the Session we have gone through proves them to be altogether useless to the _emergencies of the times , and that Irish regeneration aud _Eng'ish reform will have to come f * oni other hands .

      , ; Co -I\Easjrrsi # Eoirafjjmi&Fl.Fs.

      _, ; Co -i _\ _eaSJrrsi _# _eoirafjjmi & fl . _fs .

      Leg* ** .. Ii, S., Jfewent.—Ye ' U May D...

      LEG * ** .. II , S ., _Jfewent . _—Ye ' u may distrain fov tins t-Ieven months rent , and jour tenant being , I conceive , a muntlih tenant , you-must give him , at least , one * month's notivo to quit , and tbe _period of Ills _nuitthig must be at the end of a current month , computed from the com nunceraent of his tenancy . A Constant Reader , Ghisgoir , —Send a copy of the _agreement , as without seeing it , I cannot give an opiuion , II . —The ouly notice is the elcehvntiem , four days after sen-ice of which they can obtiiin judgment , II , A . L . —The brother ef the deceased is compellable to account to tbe widow and administratrix of the

      _deceased for all monies which same to bis hand , or which he received from the business after tlte diath ofthe deceased , for I am of opinion that tbo business must be considered to have been carried on lor the benefit of the estate of the _deceased , having been curried on with capital belonging to the deceased . A , ' li . —If the brother of the deceased will not render the widow a fair account , and pay over the monies , she must file te bill In equity _uftuintt liini , though before : she actually _t'ikts snvh a sttp , you hud better inform me ot the result of her _application to the brother , The deceased having died intestate and without issue , the widow is entitled to one-half of tlie property , after payment of ill debtsand the

      . - , next of Kin ofthe intestate to the other half ; and the intestate ' s brother , who curlied on the businm during tlie four mouths , is entitled to a fair remuneration for his time an . l trouble . T . _MojisiM , Great Alaii ' ern . —Appl y to a magistrate and he will deal with thc case . J .. M , Xctvton Heath . —Let me know tbe number of shareholders , J . U ., Derby . —Mr _Iloggai't having sent for the surgeon is liable lo tbe payment of the surgeon ' s bill , and also to compensation . _Hodhit Todd , York . —Your second letter has come to lii . nd ; younecd 8 . iid no » tamp ' -but , _biiu-r too Jute th '** wuh , you j * n ) l be answered in the next _.

      Leg* ** .. Ii, S., Jfewent.—Ye ' U May D...

      D . L ., llabSax _.-la _**} _Mt _yeariii- * y . JUr fa „ Cr ' s , die . and m what _ji-ar did Justice Lodge die * » n , _?*?"* was tho _nature ofthe _property which .-mrA _^* _** cousin 'ied possessed oft * ¦«« «• . _«¦ _« ¦ _, An Isle or Wight _Chaxtib 7 .-isc . The _re-Ut- - pmof of identity as to the person , in , uffl _£ ' * , t |> the marring . * of the pare nts is also proved r * 2 nd Some clergymen are strict and refuse who ™ ,,, child 1 ms not been baptised . ' here " » David MORKUOM .-Ifhe had lost hi , emplo yment i , rcson of the false character given by the _foreman y action for damages would have hid a _^ _ton the _C tni . ii ; but , not having lost his si tuation , the _nrobahT lity is he would recover no d . _im » ges and have to n the _ciuta . If he thinks it worth hi , while to _nrocU against him by criminal information for a libel h _mKy do so , though I _sboul-1 not advise it hu _^ u SB ., Hamilton—He is pnriabaMe under the act acain . _t the truelcsystem . n fc _** "iit B . fl . C—If the sale of thc ale or spirits was _authorise by the publiran _' s license , the debt may be recovered if contracted or acknowled ged in writing within the last six vcars .

      w * . * X ., North wood , —You bave no right whatever to the property . W . Cov , Doncaster . —Did your uncle leave you a legacy or give you anything b y his will , which you hav « net received ? If lie did , send me a copy of the will . A OoNsrANT Header . —lst . If the intestate ' s son survived his father , the son himself became entitled to a distributive share ofhis father ' s personal i Mate , and such _nl _.-nre now belongs to the sou ' ti personal reprty scitiiiiie * but if the son died in his fatlitr ' a lifetime , then the son ' s son is entitled to the share which his father would have been vn'itled to , had be- survived the intestate . 2 n . The _fern-j ' e grandee Id has no right to any % \ _v . iTe o ?\ heproperty , 3 rd . If the _adininisirat-ir refuses to account for and divide the assets , nny of the next of kin may file a bill in Chancery against the administrator .

      4 th , The next of ' _liin of the intestate are the persons entitled to administratirn . 5 th . The property being small , the expense will not be _connd _.-rsble , Thomas Harper 1 have handed j * ur letters to Mr Wheeler , to whom , or to Mr . Rider , your communica ti . _ins _ought to hp . ve been addressed—I not being cob _nteteil with tte matters they _referred to . E . J . J , G ., Coventry . —Maria Sadler and Ann Burgess , having none of the blood of John Kidney , have not the remotest claim to thc property . It would rather eseheat to thc lord than to to them _. Notice . —Mr . Ernest Jones cannot _undertake to answer a . iy legal conimmvicH ' _- ' _oiis not addressed to himself , und postage-heads mu « t be erulcsed with all letters requiring private answers _.

      MI-CELtANICCS . J . E Joses , Merthyr . —The thre _.- questions asked would require' art essay to _smswer fully ; and after it wat written , it would only be the _opiiiiMi of tlie writer on the subjscf , from whie _* h others might _legitimately distent . As to the broad ptlncip _' . e involved in all tha _qii'sti ns , that of trying _representatives by a high standard of eriue'aiion , it must be obvious that , in proportion to the extent and vanity of the knowledge _po-sessed by a legislator , the better nil he be able to perform his duties . Mr Blundell , Liverpool . —You _csn get them on app _l ication to Mr Jl'yivood , 53 , Oidbam _Strett , Manc ! i ' . ste . r . _RcIiert BoTTOMir . T , _Mrrfit . IJ . —Make the circumstance "( iiotvn to the Postmaster-ficnera ) . " A TRAVEitEB , " and J . _Cummings , Edinburgh—Next week .

      To TnE _Chahtists and Members er TnE Land Company thkoccuout tke Kisgdom . —We , the Chartists or « ilston , beg most respectfully to inform jou thata very _valuible and splendid tea tray , of th ** Victoria Gothic _styli- _. _represtn'i-ng O'Connorville , in the richest colours , with n border in imitation of rosewood edged and inlaid -wiih gold , got up by : i first-rate artist belonging to the LandCompany , wiIl be balloted for at thc house of Mr Linney , High street , Bilston _; the proce-eds to be devoted to the Widows ' , Orphans ' , Veterans' , and Victims' Fund , We have _reselrcd the ballot shall lie open to all _parties , and tbe number ef subscriber ! be unlimitcj— subscriptions Cd . each . Wc earnestly entreat that every Chartist _locality throughout the country » i'I coiur ; bu : e to the support of those who

      have suffered , and are still sv . ffvring , for the glorious cause of Right against High :, Wheie the subscribers ure few , _th-. y can send the iiir . ount in _postage-stamps _, otherwise b y P' » _stoffieeOi'der , addressed to MrLinney , as above . The winner , ( who may be proud of the prize' n ;> mutter how distant his rtsi . _lenee may be , will receive thc tray , carriage paid , and free of all expense . Any parties desirous of sending _ntontcs for Old J ) addy Richards , can forward ths same to Mr Linney , High-street , Bilsion . The _meoibirs of thi _local'ty have resolved ( with the trifle * he receives from bis friends , and the Victim fund ) they uill keep him beyond thc reach of want . A Public Supper will be held at tbe house o : Mr Josh . _1-nncy , High-street , Bilston , on Tues lay , April tlw _-1 7 _tli , to celebrate the

      departure of Ur Sh rt to his al ' wtmeut at Herringsgate ; likewise to ( . resent Mr Win . _Furnirnl _, secretary to this brunch of tne Land Company , witb a present , as a token of _respst't for his _gratuitous services , W . W ., _Royr . 1 Exchange . —So . We have a _cartload of " poetry '' on hand ; it is impossible to print a tithe of what we _receive , Tbe article entitled " The Politics of my Heart , " does you credit . Dal « tok , —Tiie '' _Ite'por _* . " shall appear in oar next , Mu _Pcieevs-. —Your le ; _t-. v with Mr O'Connor ' s reply shall app < . sr in onr next . _Wingate-Giusce . — We did _acknowledge your com . niunic . ition in a previous numb . r . U your intimation from the " masters " or the * ' mer . 1 " W . F „ Abcidcen—Received .

      The Murder In Shoreditch. Atthe Central ...

      THE MURDER IN SHOREDITCH . Atthe Central Criminal Court on _Tbarsilavi T . _Broui'i-s , aged 21 , _uesesibed ns an _umbre-a-mnker , was placed in the dock , _ei _.-ir'ged with the wi . ' ul murder of IV . Gobart . Mr Oi _' _e'kc stated the case to the jury , the factsof Avhich have been recently beiore the public . Richard Eaton , a tin-plater , 3 , L ' ork . aJ . _'ev , Saoreditch . — lltco ! lected on Wcdne ** day , the 17 th of March , being near _llaroailey . iie went there about 10 minutes to 10 . Janes VadUins and the decetM * cd were with hira . Tne deceased desired him to call tho _pris-wer . and he went _iimi called om _' ., " Tom , come do wii ; Bill want * - to _spe-i '; to \ ou . " The dtcewed

      wished the prisoner to _jjivo him tha tickets that were in his box , ar . d the prisoner answered that he would not give them M hira until he had paid hira , _nisd he did no : know that he wouid _yive them to him then ; and if lie ( the deceased ) would stop there a minute he _wvulel put a bullet _thtoiuh his head . He ( the _witue _;* - ) then sii . l , ' ¦ ' I'll iiiit stop here to be shot at , " and he went off . He left Vadkins and the deceased in the c . _'Urt . Shortly afterwards he went up stairs to his own room , and hoard the report , of a gnu . iie then went down stairs , and saw the _decm-cd lyin ; a * tiie door in a pool of blood . The prisoner _was not thew . He then went for a doctor .

      James Vadkins ar . d Charles Eaton gave similar evidence . Mary Jarvis , tha younger _^ resides in Hare Alley , in the same house as the prisoner . Sho _k- _* pt company with thc prisoner , and was _sittinc a : thc door on the 17 th of March . Sonic words arose between the prisoner and Richard _Eat-m , but she only recollected the word :-, " God strike me dead . " She then went up stairs but did not remain a _ltiometit , nnd when she eame down stairs _ai-aiti she _ta-v the deceased _sttndiiis at , the top of the court , at which

      time Richard Enron ami the _jitiiouer were standing there , ;; ud she saw the deceased strike thc prisoner on the forehead three or four times ; tke deceased a _' so challenged the prisoner to C" ouS to _Cock-lsrie to licht , and ths prisoner said it _ht . _s sot worth his while u touch him ; she then < Ten *; out to Shoreditch . but she stopped a ¦ . in-sent . There were half a _de-zjn people in the court ; there were Charley Eaton and Picky Eiton , and all of them said , that " they had a _e _iood hoot at Tom _Brookcs's , anel if they had a bu . _let they would blow his brains out "—thev " would blow

      his ___ _nose off . " The deceas' _-d said , " No , but if I had a sood knife I would stick it into'him . " All of them then went out to Cock-lane . She went into Shoreditch to get a herr _' _tig fur uer supper , and directly she returned she heard the report oi a gun . She was _netab-ent hut a few moments . The prisoner was not one ot' the six persons who _wc-nt out to Cocklane . When she came back fell over deccived ' _s body ut the door , and she went up to her mother ' s room , where she saw the prisouer stanoin *; at the dour , and he buns round her neck , and said , "Damn it , 1 have done it , " Maw Brooks said that the prisoner ' s sister and thc deceased had lived tGgetlier for eighteen _manths , and the _ptisoner was quite aware of the fact , but it did not seem to annoy him , nor as far as she knew did that circumstance create any quarrel between thc deceased and the prisoner .

      Mr _Ckirksi-n then addressed the jury for the prisoner in a very able and eloqucut speech . Mr Justice _Coievidco summed up , and the jury delivered a verdict oi " . _Mansiaujihter , " when the prisoner was sentenced to transportation lor life .

      J"Iie Latk Accident On Hie South Westi*....

      J _" iie Latk Accident on hie South Westi * . *! ' u * Uailway _, _*—Tho man ( Glazier ) who received such th frightful injuries on Good Friday evenin * , ' at the ie Nine Elmsstat'oi : ol tho South Western Ru ! way is is progressing very favourab'y . He underwent amp *** _" tation of the _hiwer part of tlio right leg soon alter ler his admission into _ist Thomas ' s ll _' _- _sp ' tni _, which he he bare with wonderful fortitude . Tne left loot is so so much crushed , and the bones are in such an injured red conditi'in , that very taint hope * are entertained led of saving the limb , which it is feared will likewise ue require amputation . The scalp wounds anl the frae- actum ! arm are going on very well . Thb Ki . no of Uolund . —Tub _iiAouu , April 2 . —! . — The health of the king haa improve . ! , who Las been ecu severely _indisposed .

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), April 10, 1847, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_10041847/page/4/