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      American Man-Stealees. We Have, On Sever...

      _^ ~ _Ze to secure fresh territory , stipulated 008 nd were suc cessful in , obtaining a measure _fo _I'A _l-areely increases their powera at home . tl _' _ronSess Passed a Fugitive Slate Bill , T which the _authoiioes of every Free c £ te are bound to g ive all the aid in their er to parties who claim coloured persons as _^ _Crslavers have not been slow io avail _Acinselves ofthe provisions of lhisnewlaw . TZL * numbers of arrerts have taken place _„ X circumstances of peculiar aggravation , d have , many instances , been followed b y Sts offlie most alarming character . The Abolition party , as may be expected , extremely violent in their opposition to

      _rtis intrusion of the slaveowners into _states , which by their constitution , are sovereign and indepen dentin their internal government . On the other hand , the coloured population i e n a state of intense excitement . Hundreds are living to Canada to seek , the protection of "British la" *"* , and to escape the tender mercies of men whose onl y object in seeking to regain . poss ession of them is to gratify a malignant j _^ eliug of revenge . The whole of the _y 0 rth # n States are aroused to a state of jntens exasperation , and the alarm has also ipre & d into the Western States , where the _-ole-ared population of many towns are nearly

      ail fugitives , or -connected with fugitives , lt j _^ _ay easily be conceived what kind of treatsent such persons will receive when dragged back into a Slave State , and p lacedunderlaw 3 made and administered b y slaveowners . The probability is , however , that the very measure oh which they insisted as an equivalent for allowing California to be unpolluted with slavery , - will hasten the extinction of that _accursed crime against humanity . Nullification has "been long menaced by the Southern States , whenever they were thwarted ih their

      policy on this snbject . It may come to the cry of " Nullification" being raised on the other side ; and if so , what chance wonld the Slave States have in a contest with the Free ? They would have not only to fight against powerful , prosperous , and wealth y antagonists out of the limits of their own boundaries , bnt they would have within these limits a more dangerous and dreadful enemy in the black population they keep in bondage . Even if the mutter does not proceed to this extreme , the feeling of disgust and

      indignation , exeited by the new law , must ensure its erasure froin the statute book , and compel both parties to think of some better way of dealing with the master evil of the American Federation . The statesmen of that country may depend upon it , that no mere skin-deep compromises will settle the question at issue . They must deal with it radically , however gradually . If the prejudice of . race and blood is so strong that it is impossible the black and white population can live together on terms of equality and amity , some just and

      effective measures must be devised for enabling them to live separate , without the daily exacerbation of feeling , which results from their present deplorable relations to each other . We know how difficult it is for persons at a distance , and necessarily , but imperfectl y comprehending the varied educational and social circumstances which influence a foreign people , to come to anything like a practical conclusion on matters so important and comp licated as those involved in the American Slave-Question . But we know at the same time ,

      that injastice never did , and never will produce good results in any community , whether monarchical or republican , in its government The bodily and mental subjugation of any large portion of the population b y the other , is an outrage of the fundamental laws of tiie universe , which is certain to be ibllowed hy severe and appropriate retriintion . If America means to proceed in a rareer of steady prosperity and greatness ,

      the must put away tbe accursed thing from her midst ; until that is done , the excitement , antagonism , and bitterly hostile feelings which now array her people in opposite camps , will spread their baleful passions throughout society , and poison it at its core . The perpetuation of slavery threatens the permanence of Republicanism itself , and consequentl y of all those free political institutions on whicb Americans so justly pride themselves . For snch a cause , why shonld they incur snch a tremendous risk 1

      Nove Mber- 9, 1850. - ;. ^ 77>\ __ ¦ Jf^...

      _Nove mber- 9 , 1850 . - ; _. 77 _>\ __ _¦ _Jf _^^ : 7 ., _£ -,.,: ., r .

      Of The Austrian Government, And Lis Land...

      of the Austrian Government , and Lis Land is clearly perceptible In ihe movements , which are driving a _beggtired Emperor into a war , in _which he can only be the catspaw ofthe Czar . On the other hand , the policy of the Prussian monarch is nearly as much opposed to popular liberty . He is called hy some of oar sham liberal journals the defender and representative of constitutionalism on the continent . We see no indications of the fact in his past career . "Whatever concession of popular rights he has made Las always been extorted from bim by force , and he has revoked it as soon as he Avas _po-werful enough to do so .

      KINGLY SQUABBLES . Events in Germany seem to threaten the ontbreak of another European war . Por the last few weeks Austria and Prussia have heen graduall y concentrating immense armies in such positions that a word might " let loose the dogs of war , " and spread fire and Same througuout the whole of Germany . The Russian despot is at the bottom of the plot , calculating , probably , that the hereditary policy of universal conquest - and despotic empire , which he inherits , will thereb y be promoted . The deplorable close of the struggle of the gallant Hungarians made him in fact master

      The struggle is in truth a dynastic one , no matter wbat may be the pretexts under which it is carried on . Put into a nutshell it ia simpl y _"chether Austria or Prussia shall lead Federal Germany ? There are old standing grievances and feuds between the two dynasties , and ibe young-Emperok of _At'STBIA ia said to he •¦ iger to try to recover b y the sword , Silesia , a province wrested hy the sword from his family b y Fdedebick the Gueat . On the other hand , there are many reasons why , even in a selfish view , these ambitions monarchs should

      I pause . Austria is bankrupt . To meet a confessed expenditure in 1849 of £ 21 , 000 , 000 , she had not an " income of more than £ 9 , 330 , 000 , or less than half what was required . The I Times , which abused Mr . Cobdej _* _"" for warn-I «) g the capitalists ofthis country against lendtog their money to this _beueared and four

      | _= nmes bankrupt government , now confesses the troth , and puts it forward as a probable cause _|* h y the Austrian Government may desire to I go to war . Unable to maintain its immense 'standing army at home it may cherish the hope of quartering it upon Federal Germany 3 The Kjxg OF Pkussia on the other band , Jnay think , this a fitting season for carrying ° ut his dynastic schemes . But though foreign _v ar is an old specific for dissension s at home

      • _Fbederick William may rememher , that the streets of Berlin only lately ran with the Idood of his butchered subjects , who died in defence of free institutions , and that their _"felations yet love to cherish their memory , and feel hatred of the murderer . If a 1 d ynastic war does breai ont we hope that it _Jgiill be compensated b y the opportunity which _-i'i will offer for the uprising of oppressed _na-;^ d _onaiities , every where to assert those rights _sS _$ _" _" _-nwh they have been deprived . Ital y , _^ " _^ "gaiT , Poland , Germany , are not dead .

      Hu foot of the tyrant is on their necks , bnt lift it be removed for ever go short a period , j * *! they will -spring np read y to do battle g _lravel y for liberty and humanity .

      H Sinee These Few Remarks Were Penned, T...

      H Sinee these few remarks were penned , the _iP *? of the resignation of Radowitz has heen _Irca-red . Prussia has for the moment suc-Wr" _** to _jtg rival .

      Monies Received For Thx "Week Endikg Thu...

      MONIES RECEIVED For thx "Week Endikg Thursday , _Novembkr 7 th , 1850 . FOR IH * WIRDING-BP OF THE LANB _COMPANY . Received t > y W . Bn > tt . _ Market Lavington , per P . A . Love 7 s 61—Merthyr _"Iydvil , per J . 0 « enli _=. 6 d-Jolra Deverell _. Dldcottls Gd—G . Payne , Abingdon 2 s 9 d—Radcliffe Bridge , per It . Hamer ls—G . Anslow , _Didcot ls . THE HOHESTY FUND . Received by W . _RioEsT-Xorwich , per J . Hurry ls—W . Tresham , _"MerthjrTjdTilleei . AGITATION FOR THE CHARTER . Received by Johm Abnott . — Wingate Grange , per Mr . Norman 15 s 2 d—Newton , per J . _Rickarda 4 s 6 d—Yarmouth per J . Royal 5 s—Mr . A . Williams Is 3 d—Thomas Jones ls . _^

      FOR THE EXECUTIVE . Received by W . Rideb . —J . Roxby , Murton Colliery 6 d . FOR THE HUNGARIAN ANO POLISH REFUGEES . Received by W . Rideb . —J . Deverell , Didcot 6 d—j . Iloxby , Murton ColHery 2 s—G . Payne , _Afeingdon ls—H . Robinson . 11 , Grecnside-street , Edinburgh 2 s 6 J—Barnsley , per F . Mirfield 3 sl 0 d—Sowerby , er-Locality . perS . Moores 4 s—Three Handloom Weavers , Dalston village ls Cd—J . Burton . _Norwich 4 d—E . F . Payne and G . Davis . _Cirencetter Mr . Lewis , Queen-street , Soho Gd—Nottingham , per J . Sweet 116 s 7 d—From Birmingham—Ship Inn , per J . Newhouse 15 s-Gollected * t Mr . Fnssell ' s , per J . _Newliouse 4 s—Mr . Ireland , per J . Newhouse ls—M . Hayle _, Broomsgrove ls—Kadclifie Bridge , per R . Hamer 5 s 6 d—Bradford (

      Yorkshire ) , a few Land . Members , per J . ConneU 4 s 9 d—Homfirth , per J . Hirst 4 s Gd—Norwich , a . few friends at tbe Queen ' s llead , St Giles , perC . Springhall 5 s—Hawick , per J . A . Hogg 8 s—A yonng Socialist Chartist , Edinburgh ls—Usworth , per B . Mould 5 s—Kidderminster , per G . Hollows j 6 s 9 < i—D . Frost , Nether Hangh ls—Rotherham , per 3 . Stansfield 2 s—Sheffield , per W , Groves _U _5»—Tidmorden , per 3 . Mooney 13 s id—3 . CooKs , _ShincIiff Colliery 6 d—Northampton , per J . Stanner 10 s—Brighton , per W . _Levris 10 s Received by John _Anxorr . —C . Young , per G . Rill 6 d—Four Friends . Newton , per 3 . Rickards Is—T . Waddingten . per J . Blake Is—Part Proceeds ot Conceit , held at the Rock , _Usson-grove ( Emmett _' s Brigade ) , per J . Blake lis . . FOR DR . M ' DOUALL . Beceived by "W . Rideb . —Barnsley , per F . Mirfield 2 s .

      -4to&Gt; P Ublic Gttnugemtm*.

      _-4 to _> _p ublic _gttnugemtm _* .

      Royal Polytechnic Institution. "We Had O...

      ROYAL POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION . "We had on Saturday evening last au opportunity of witnessing in the Theatre of this establishment Allman _' s Voltaic Light . The difficulty that has hitherto existed has been , not te produce a li g ht by means of the Voltaic battery , but to render it constant and uninteriuitting , together with the great complication and expense of the materials which previously existed . By the means , however , non made available , as stated by Mr . Allraan , the patentee , in his printed description of his lightevery obstacle is overcome ; and , certainly , judging by what was exhibited on Saturday evening , great improvements were shown . It is simple and elegant in form , and most brilliant in its effect . The

      intensity of light produced from the smallest points is certainly wonderful , and can be compared only to the rays of a miniature sun . If it should be brought into general application—as we understand from the patentee itis intended tobe—and those existing obstructions overcome , its brilliant effect will be highly advantageous in manv ways , where _strong and great illuminating power is required . It appears , also , tbat tbe absence of all danger from explosion and disagreeable odour , as well as the destructive effects to all delicate materials and colours , as at present exists by tbe use of coal gas , will be removed . Vie therefore trust that this gentleman _wi'l carry out bis plan as stated , and produce this beautiful light , with economy and safety—a public boon , most devoutly to be wished .

      Queen's Theatre. The Attractions At This...

      QUEEN'S THEATRE . The attractions at this elegant little theatre has been increased thia week by the production of a new p iece entitled The Pirate Queen . This piece , which is effectively got up , abounds with startling incidents and hair-breadth escapes , while the scenery , painted by the lessee and manager , Mr . C . James , is not inferior to that produced at any house in the metropolis . The scene of the Giants' Rock , with a cataract of real water , and also the last scene representing the deck of the Avenger , together with the appearance of the pirate ship , was awfully effective and brilliant Additions have been made to the

      company in the persons of Jlr . W . Dean , and Miss Eliz * Farrell . The principal parts were sustained by Mr . E . Green , Mrs . C . Boyce , and Misa Fanny Hamilton , whose easy style of acting , and arch merry expression will always make her a favourite . Mr . Clark is a young actor of great promise , and Mr . Bigwood possesses the necessary qualifications for ft genuine low comedian , if he carefully avoids mannerism , and is not induced by gallery applause to descend to buffoonery . Actors in this line are very scarce , and we sbould regret to see Mr . Bigwood mar our high expectations of him . The acting of Mr . Green arid Mrs . Boyce is well known to the patrons of this theatre , and as Mr . Green takes his benefit on Wednesday next , we hope he will be rewarded by a crowded house , for his indefatigable exertions as stage-manager and actor . The Valley of Diamonds , which has had a run of forty nights , continues to receive unbounded applause .

      Haymarket. On Monday Night Mr. Macready ...

      HAYMARKET . On Monday night Mr . Macready appeared in the character of Richelieu . Its merit as a conception , its numberless beauties , its almost painful pathos , its bursts of patriotism , tbe by-play , where the astute priest , trained in " Rome s deep dissembling school , " and imbued with that suspicion with which the practice of hypocrisy and the suppression of our best feelings , taints the very nature of man , were triumphs of which not only an actor , but his countrymen may be proud . The mighty mind outwearing , and overtaxing the feeble body which clogs it , rather than obeys its never-ceasing calls for super-human vigils , and lifedestroying application , was p ictured with harrowing truth . It was a psychological study , so cleverly were the currents and eddies of soul made visible

      by the outward workings of its frail tenement . The Chevalier de Mauprat of Mr . Devonport was hig hly creditable to that gentleman ' s ability . His interview with Richelieu , ia the first act , when , after his ruin atthe gaming table , the wily cardinal tempts him with a wife and a fortune to test his love for his ward . Julie de Mortemar ( Miss Reynolds ) drew down deserved applause . The opening of the third act , where Richelieu is discovered at his table on the night of . his intended assassination , produced another burst of approval at tbe close of its brief soliloquy : and the like greeting cheered Miss P . Horton at the end of her impassioned narration ofthe loss of tho important p acket in the same scene . The last scene of all was the crowning triumph , and the curtain descended amid the vehement plaudits of a crowded house .

      Howard Athes^Du.—Miss Davenport Commence...

      Howard _Athes _^ du . —Miss Davenport commenced her engagement under the most encouraging circumstances . The bouse was crowded , and the " Boston favourite" appeared in her greatest partthat of the Counte-s , in Sheridan Knowles ' s Love Miss Davenport was received witb tremendous applause , amidst a shower of bouquets , wreaths , Ac . To-night Miss Davenport plays Pauline , in the Lady of Ly ons . Tbe orchestra of the Howard paid the compliment of a serenade to Miss " Davenport , at the Tremont , after the performance last evening . —Boston Daily Times , Oct . 15 th , 1850 .

      Hip , , Hurrah I—Originally a war cry , used by the _stormers of a German town , wherein a great many Jews had taken their refuge . The place being sacked , they were all put to the sword , under the shouts of I _/ ierosolyma est perdita , ! From the first letter of those words ( II . e . p . ) an exclamation was contrived . We little think , when the red wine sparkles in the enp , and soul-stirring toasts are applauded by our " Hip , hip , hurrah ! " that we record the fall of Jerusalem , and the cruelty of Christians against the chosen people of God . —Notes and Queries .

      | Elephakts from Cetlon . —The ship Persia , Cap-I tain Stevens , arrived in the West India Docks , from Ceylon , on the 31 st ult ., having on board two very fine young elephants , the property ofthe commander , besides a number of monkeys , owls , civet cats , moose deer , & e ., consigned to the Royal _Zoological Society , Begent ' 8 Park . The animals are all in very fine condition , and can be seen at present on board the vessel in the import dock . The elephants are male and female , being about two years old , and standing about four feet high , and are remarkable for their docility and playfulness , which won the kind attention and esteem of all the passengers durin g the voyage homeward . in Sweden

      Sweden . —At Upsal , , on the 12 th ult ., a fire broke out in the Iloyal Hospital , an immense building . The flames spread with great violence , and were increased by a strong north wind . In a little while the whole building was a mass of flame , and the beds , 000 in number , and all other things it contained , were reduced to cinders . The fire continued burning until nothing was left standing but the outer walls . At the commencement of the conflagration , all efforts were employed to rescue the _J-ick ; and , out of 711 , all were saved except twentytnree , who were burned to death . These twentythree were affected with mental alienation , and tt * wL ° gln cell 3-in tlie third storyof one 0 f

      nimr _^ _nr " ? _I _^ _-Mr . _™™ Green , shipfrom _ffi 'J . _J ° _S ' recei _* ed ° n * helst to ** . _fSdeHor m T ? _- 8 e _' " _^ ich we believe is Ev-kne Th ' _« i ! f V ? the Thca _t" > Royal , upwards of twelve S _indefej _> £ ' £ _?/ The tones will be produced _bvnodoLIr to _cular pieces on the _fingertoS * & * ° C , r _" _Hafpinbs-a is a blessing often missed by those who run after pleasure , and generally found by those want pleasure to run after them , — y

      To Mr. David Lawson, Chairman Of The Lat...

      TO MR . DAVID _LAWSON _, CHAIRMAN OF THE LATE WEST RIDING DELEGATE MEETING HELD AT BRADFORD . Dear Sib , —As president of the meeting , the proceedings of which form the main , subject of the following commentaries . I take , ' jeave to address my remarks to you , and in doi ' jg to , it affords me much pleasure to express the . high admiration , which I entertain , not only of your singleminded patriotism , but also of those many amiable private qualities which have won for you the esteem of aU that bave ever had the pleasure of your acquaintance . I know of no man belonging to our order to whom the subjoined observations could be more properly dedicated ; and for the

      following , among other reasons : The experience of many years of active political life is yours , —the whole history of the agitation for the Charter , is to you , as familiar as the alphabet , —you have seen the movement in all its phases ; have accompanied it in all the vicissitudes through which it has passed , and must therefore have noted those circumstances which bave interposed to retard the success of the cause , by placing impediments between it , and those masses of individuals , and variety of influences , without which its triumph is hot possible . It was , consequently , with surprise that 1 read in the Star of Saturday last , ' a series of resolutions purporting to have been unanimously passed at your meeting ; and of which the following is one : —

      " That considering the present disorganised and apathetic state ofthe Chartist body , and consequently the low state _ofitsfunds , we think it highly imprudent and impolitic to attempt to hold n Conference at the present time , inasmuch as it is not likely that it could be attended by but few localities around Manchester , and consequently could not be considered a fair representation of the Chartist body . And , being , as we are , opposed to a government of unauthorised and irresponsible dictation , we consider that when it shall be . found necessary and prudent to hold a Conference , that ithe Executive , being the proper head of the Chartist body , are the only parties by whom , and through whom ,

      it ought to be called . And seeing likewise , that the Yorkshire and Lancashire Delegate Meeeing , lately held at Hebden-bridge , sanctioned the election of the present Executive , we consider thatit would be a stultification of the decision of that meeting , for the places represented therein to act under the dictation of any other party , until they shall have either resigned the trust reposed in them , or shall have been deposed by the general consent of the Chartist body . ' * Here then , we have the whole case disclosed—an assumed body where in reality , there is no body ; or , a least , one without strength , weight or importance , —withoutorganisation or fundi ; and yet the delegates declare that the head ofa such body is the only

      " authorised" party to unite the friends of the People ' s Charter , throughout the country , to confer at Manchester as the most likely means of causing it to become law . This is a right which belongs as much to a gentleman in London , or to an association of individuals in Manchester , as to any nominal , or even real , Executive Committee , of any Chartist Association in existence . But , the delegates said , that because certain other delegates , who had previously assembled at another place , had recognised a certain committee , that therefore the invitation to confer about a movement on behalf of the Charter , must necessarily be " dictation , " if emanating from any other source than the aforesaid "

      authorised" committee Such is in efftct what the delegates at Bradford said . What , however , did the ' sanction" of the first delegate meeting amount to ?—who did it influence to recognise the authority of the Executive ? Do you not see that in the above resolution you have shown that the " sanction" ef the delegates began and ended with themselves ; else , how comes it that the Chartist body are disorganised and without funds ? The people took the most effectual method of ignoring the " sanction" named in your resolution , by . taking no notice whatever of it ; and you may rely upon it , tbat the discussions at Bradford will not meet with more respect . Delegates , so called , may _mt-et

      and resolve , so long as they please ; but unless the conclusions at which they arrive reflect the publi desire , all such resolutions "will be found to be of no avail , and the _propounded of them will reap disappointment only as their reward . In this resolution you have furnished the strongest reasons for such a Conference as the one proposed , because , although you have pointed to an ideal authority under which an association is to act , you have yourselves shown that its power is the merest fiction ; and , although nominally a directing body , tbat actually it has no One to direct ; you have placed it in the position of general without an army—a Chancellor with an empty Exchequer . The letter of the lecturer , which makes part ofyour report , shows matters in the same light as your resolutions ; therefore , 1 say , you have together established that de

      facto—there is no association at all ; and that such is the truth I know to be incontrovertible , whatever may be assumed to the contrary . But you may say , " Give us time , and we will make an association . " I answer , that the most ample time bas been _allowed —year after year has rolled on , association after association bas been established ; and now , after all the toil and trouble endured in the prosecution' of these undertakings , what a result have we presented in the first part of the resolution above ? A Conference , 1 am convinced , is needed , not merely to draft plan ; of organisation , but to try and ascertain why all for . mer and excellent organisations have failed ? Why each successive association has been weaker , and more insignificant than its predecessor , until now we have one that is , what it is ? I repeat , it is high time that we met to confer as to whether the fault is in the cause we have taken in hand ? in the

      character of the people to whom we have addressed ourselves ? or iu our own conduct ? Until this has been done , and the error , whatever it ma ; be . has been fully and completely rectified , resolutions may be passed by the yard , letters written by the mile , speeches made by tbe _league , ihey will all be com . paritively useless ; and no association , worthy the name , will be realised , but we shall be continuall y treated to the delusion tbat " we must wait until the crisis arrives / ' and then we shall see what we shall see ! Those who rely upon such an emergency to alter the character ofthe political institutions of this country do , I am sure , reason from the mosteroneous data , as the experience of every . change that hab taken place will show . The convictions of a nation

      are not to be overcome by a temporary commercial difficulty ; nor would it be safe even ( or democracy that such should be the case ; revolutions arising out of such contingencies more frequently bring _change than reform—despotism than liberty ! I « ould not give you a fig for the moral power , or intell . clnai excellence ofa political movement , deriving its influe _» ce from the casual agitation of _dissstisfied stomachs . No man knows better than yourself , friend Lawson . how little confidence ought to be reposed in '• crisis " or " panic " Chartists ; you haye seen , this last card of mere agitators played so frequently and so badly , that whatever else you may do you will not mistake it for a trump . The delegates also resolved : —

      " That we are in favour of an union with the Fraternal Democrats , the Social Reform League , and the "N ational "Reform League , providing that the Charter he considered as the means , and Social Reform as tbe end . " I hold any such union to he utterly incompatible with tbat unreserved and unequivocal expression of opinion ; the rig ht to which forms the basis of all permanent association . Each man bas his own plan or belief , and wbich he will in fact , if

      not in form , seek to render predominant , this he will do most conscientiously ; and should he meet with opposition , as each one would from his conscientious opponent , their wordy battle would ensue , and the Tower , which the political Babelites are now building , would fall beneath their own hands . Already , whilst engaged about the foundation of the edifice , this natural and unavoidable disagreement has arisen ; as appears from tbe report of their proceedings in tbe Star of the 19 th ultimo : —

      _<¦ Mr . Pettie said , that as a delegate from the Fraternal Democrats , he represented many who entertained Socialist opinions , and if they meant to strike out all the principles proposed in committee by that body , or render them subservient to the Charter , he should have no further faith iu the Conference . " " Mr . Blair was of opinion , tbat if the Socialists did not believe the Charter to be the means to the end , that any union with them would prove useless . "

      The Star of the 26 th ult . also further illustrates the force and truth of what I am urging upon your attention . In the report of the doings of «¦ the Conference , " in that part of the paper , ap . pears the following * "Mr Pettie then found fault with the past conduct of the Chartist body , and _otate _** that the Social Reformers had been the most powerful and intellectual advocates of the Charter , and their Sns alone had never belied their words . The ver v fact of the Chartists asking aid was a proof

      To Mr. David Lawson, Chairman Of The Lat...

      that they acknowledged their superior discernment . ' If all Socialists were like this specimen I think you will agree with me , that they are neither conceited nor-immodest . As the discussion proceeded , the folly and absurdit y of the proposed union-was made more apparent by Mr . J . B . O'Brien-ah indi . vidual with whom I do not often agree , but between whom and myself there is a perfect coincidence of opinion in the following observations made b y him : —

      "Bights belonged equally to all classes . Tht public had been grossl y deceived by the doctrine , that there was no hope for them , but in _entablishing communities , and abolishing all private property . The propagation of that doctrine had been the ruin of every revolution on the continent , from 1793 do wn to the present time . It waa au excuse to government to oppose them ; it set all the propertied classes against them ; all who did not wi 3 h to give up their own homes and live in barracks or communities , like the members of the "Happy Family , they saw shown about tho streets nothing could be less founded in fact , than this doctrine of community . "

      Without meaning the remotest offence to those who look upon Communism as the perfection of human society , I express ray entire concurrence with Mr . O'Brien . Your resolution urges the propriety of the union of the Charter be considered the means , and social reform as the end . " What else bas the Charter ever been ¦ regarded as but as the means to social ends ? It bas always been argued , and accepted as such , but the wisdom of attaching the specific kind of ends to be obtained by the Charter , never before was embraced within the scope ef Chartist intellect , nor is it now to any important extent . The next resolution is one which I ; think equally injudicious and iH-timed . It is evident !) pointed at the National Reform Association , and is thus expressed : —

      "That we discountenance any agitation having for its object a less measure of justice than that contained in the People ' s Charter . " The best answer that can be given to this resolution is that furnished in the leading article of the Northern Star af the 19 th ult . ; and written by a gentleman of the broadest and deepest views , not only of political questions , but also of social economics ; one who , from the extent of past experience and opportunities of present observation of all classes and parties , is . pre-eminently qualified to treat such a question with the _ceolness of a philosopher , and the disinterestedness of the patriot . Read carefully what follows : —

      . "Our position , with reference to the National Reform Association , is well known . It has not been lightly taken up , and will not be abandoned except upon good and sufficient _oause . Anything short of the Charter will fail to do justice tothe people . A franchise based upon any other foundation than that of manhood alone , must ever be ( extend it as you may ) a class franchise . It must exclude from participation in political right some portions of the body politic , and by virtue of that exclusion , hold them in slavery to the rest ol the community . We are opposed to slavery of every description , and therefore hold by the Charter as the only means of putting an end to political bondage , and of giving tothe

      whole people the right and the power of managing their own affairs , instead of entrusting that duty to any number of privileged classes . "But while thus devotedly and inseparably attached to Chartism that is no reason why wo should obstruct the path of those Reformers who , either from want of logical power , or from motives of expediency , are unablo to go that length , and content themselves with the advocacy of a more limited reform of our representative institutions . As far as their efforts are honest and sincere , they must work

      for us . Every new addition to popular power necessarily becomes a weapon with which to achieve fresh victories for the masses . Whether they like it or not—whether they mean it or not—the middle _clas 3 Reformers are fighting for the Charter as much as we are . If the suffrage they advocate was attained , and the electoral body swelled from some ei g ht hundred thousand to three or four millions , the remaining portion of tbe adult population would speedily find a path opened to them within the pale of the Constitution .

      The only practical difference between us is , whether political emancipation shall be achieved by one decisive and effectual blow , or by two . They prefer the latter ; for , as sure as Household Suffrage was carried , would Universal Suffrage follow in its wake , and that at no distant period . " There is , under such circumstances , no reason whatever in the nature of the two parties whythey should oppose each other . In this country , at least , let us frankly recognise and act upon the right of every man to think for himself , and to act upon his convictions , either individually or collectively . Because we differ from the conclusions to which others have come , we are not entitled , therefore , to

      impugn the motives by which they are actuated . They may be as pure and disinterested as our own ; and , nt all events , it is the very essence of tyranny and intolerance to quarrel with , and denounce them , because they do not see matters precisely as we do . That is the evil spirit which has , heretofore , immured its victims in the dungeons of the Inquisition , the Bastile , or Her Majesty ' s Prisons , under the tender care of Sir George Grey . Those possessed by the demon are but ill-fitted for the exercise of political freedom . They have yet to emancipate themselves from the worst of all tyrannies—that wbich prompts them to be tyrannical and intolerant to others .

      " Another reason—powerful , though based on expediency—why Reformers should not quarrel with each other , is to be found in the palpable fact that their doing so strengthens the common enemy . As long as the professed friends of Parliamentary Reform , whether by the "Little" or the "Great " Charter , waste their energies in disputing with each other , the fabric of corruption is safe . Those who profit by the present system know full well that the disunion and divisions of the people constitute their real strength . Those who promote and foster such divisions , however well-intentioned they may be ,

      play the ' game of the privileged oligarchy , which monopolises . power and patronage and legislative influence in England . "Here , therefore , are good and substantial reasons for union among professing reformers of all degrees ; reasons which should induce them to seek for points of agreement rather than difference , and to travel cordially together as far as their respective paths lie together . There is . no reason why tbose who propose the . longest journey should stop short of their destination—neither is there any why they should refuse company , assistance , and security , on a part of the journey . "

      A Chartist movement to be in any measure successful in England , as it appears to me , must _partake _ofthespiiit and philosophy of this article ; such * a movement wou d . I am certain , make giant strides amongst all classes ; but if there are amongst us those who refu e to listen to the still small voice of reason , as whispered by the editor of the Star , then ¦ hey can damage only ' _-themselves , and- ' their' own cause , as opposition to the general movement of reform outside the Chartist ranks would resemble a

      d smaatled vessel of small tonnage , dashed about by the indignant sea of public opinion , and . beaten to atoms on the rock of national common , sense . , I would have the Chartists _subjugate . every available _element to their purposes ; and I know ; of no one more likely to render them that assistance , which they cannot render themselves , than the National Parliamentary Reform Association—a body which has upon its books the names of many of those persors whose names are most closely allied with the movement for tbe People ' s Charter .

      I shall notice but one more of the resolutions _adapted at your delegate meeting , as it . foreshadows much that is raischevous , and nothing that is useful , It 18 . tr— . ¦ .. _" : ' _" . " That as soon as tho circumstances of the case will admit , a contingent fund shall be raised for the purposes of defending the prisoners , and ' maintaining their families during times of political persecution . " This suggested provision for prospective _prosecn- _; tions looks too much like the past to augur good in the coming times ; jou have seen all the past prosecutions , and can you , at this moment , call to mind one single advantage which the Chartist cause has derived from them ? 1 believe , with Edward Mial , that the patriotism nf bvgone days is madness in those

      ofthe present ; and after the roaturest reflection , 1 have been forced to the conclusion , that of all victims to the prosecutions which have been' instituted against Chartists , that tbe Charter itself has suffered most , both in character and means of success . If it were only to avoid " victims " and ** victim funds " in the future , let us have a Conference of men—not only of words , but of moral courage , prepared to say and do what is consistent with sense and reason , and I have no doubt that a line of action may be marked out , which will render the avocations of both braggarts and spies abortive during the remainder of the struggle for our rights . I am , dear Sir , Truly yours , 144 , High Holborn , Thomas _Ci-ark . October 30 th .

      Ths Working Men Of Leicester Have Presen...

      Ths Working Men of Leicester have presented ti the Museum of that town a bust of Sir Robert Peel , value £ 101 } .

      National Association Of United Trades. T...

      NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF UNITED TRADES . T . S . DuKcouBB , Esq ., M . P . , "President . [ Established 1845 .

      " WAT JUSTITIA . " "If it were possible for the working classes , by _combining among _theiuselrei , to raise , or keep up the general rate of wages , it need hardl y be _siiid that this would be a thing u _« t to be punished , but to be welcomed and rejoiced _*^** ' t _Btuabt Mill , The magistrates , decision , as delivered by the Mayor of Wolverhampton , and printed by us last week Irom an authorised copy , upon the appeal of Mr . Edward Perry to tho Mayor for protection , is a dooument of immense importance , not merely to the Tin Smiths of Wolverhampton , to whom it more directly applies , hut by inference to the

      working classes of that town and nei ghbourhood , and of the whole kingdom . In that document the constitutional legality of the whole proceedings , taken by advice ofthe Central Committee , is fully and simply recognised . In clause 2 , the Mayor , himself a lawyer , says , for himself and brother magistrates : — " Sinco the . Combination Acts have been repealed , the working classes have the fullest right to meet and discuss their interests , and to be advised by whoever they please . " Ilere the mission and office of the Central Committee is pronounced by no mean authority , legal and constitutional , as the advisers of the working classes . That is , whether we go in our vocation to Wolverhampton , or any other place ,

      we go in a _oapacity , clearly recognised by law as the chos en and paid advisers and advocates of our members . The limits within which this right is to be exercised is also clearly shown , and has always been strongly enforced by tho _Centrul Committee . Nothing could so much damage our cause as violenceor intimidation . And it has been a source of great satisfaction to us , that through thie long and exciting contest , no single oase of a breach of the peace has been brought against any member of tho National Association . The only peace breaker during the contest , being the pugnacious ex-Town-Councillor , George Perry , the brother of ex-Town-Councillor , Edward Perry . Clause 3 is equally important . The mayor says , in substance , that no printed book or list of prices

      can fix or adjust tho wages of labour . We are aware ; andw e respectfully assure the mayor and magistrates , t & at the working classes generally of this country are fully cognisant of . that fact . They are quite aware that no printed list or book , ema - nating from masters or workmen , can in the end determine the rate of wages . Nor is it with such ft view that the Wolverhampton book' was framed . We believe that the present state of trade would afford a much higher wage than is stated in that book , were the relation of labour and capital properly understood and honestly considered . We assure tho may Or and magistrates that the only object we have in advising this printed book of prioes , is to meet au acknowledged and obvious evil ; that the wages of labour is not governed in

      the tin trade of Wolverhampton by any known law of equity or of policy , but entirely at the caprioe ofthe individual injustice , rapacity , and avarice of each individual employer . The printed book , therefore , is an attempt by the tin plate workers of Wolverhampton to regulate , for the time being , the price or value of their labour , with due con .-ideration to the fair interests of the employers generally . It is not presumed to bo a fair price , but very considerably below what the present condition of the tin trade would admit . But we . have counselled moderation ; we are striving to introduce among the recipients of wages the same principle which has been found to act SO well and beneficially for the recipients of profits . Wo seek , by our printed

      book , to guard the fair trader from the destructive tendencies of an' ill-regulated competition . Our printed list is no more to be considered as an attempt to fix , or determine the vsilue or price of wages , than the formal resolution of the iron masters that- of iron . The value of iron and the value of wages aro equally governed by other laws , but we think both the one and the other capable of regulation , with _a-lvantage to all parties concerned , and of the public in general . In the fourth paragraph , the mayor unequivocally condemns Mr . Perry ' s written contracts lor hiring , and states the magistrate ' s strong repugnance " to commit upon them , except when absolutely necessary . " They are destructive to the workman ' s

      right of locomotion . He becomes the absolute slave of his employer . In addition to those cases which have been given in our articles , showing the use , or rather the abuse , of these agreements , when in the bands of such men as this Perry , we will now give an outline of a late case , which will more than justify our denunciations of tbis system of hiring , and the magistrate ' s " strong objection to commit upon them , except in cases of absolute necessity . " In the . early part of this strike , Mr . E . Perry was beating up in all parts of England for recruits . A poor man in Liverpool , who , being disabled by sickness , had been in regular employment , was informed that he might get employment in Wolverhampton , at Mr . E . Perry ' s . The man , upon his arrival in Wolverhampton , presented himself at Mr . Perry ' s factory , whero no doubt a great many fine things were told him , but the real position of

      affairs between that person and his workmen was carefully concealed . He was easily drawn into signing one of these man-trap agreements , and became Mr , Perry ' s slave—how completely thc sequel will show . In a few weeks the poor man received information of the dangerous illness of ono of his children , with an intimation that , if he wished to see his loved child again and alive , iu this world , he must hasten to Liverpool . The poor fellow—forgetful , in the intensity of his sufferings , " of Perry or his agreements—flew , with all the anxious feelings " of a father , to the bed of his d ing child , and arrived , vte believe , in time to see it breathe its last . But this was the beginning of bis misfortunes . His remaining child , and his wife , were both stricken down by the same fell disease ; and there was the wretched father ,, penniless , with a home so tenanted ! :

      In the meantime , a warrant had been issued at the suit of Mr . Perry , who , it is but charitable to suppose , was at this time ignorant of the peculiarity of the man ' s position . An officer was sent to Liverpool , and arrested the man as he was returning to his home with a few boards he had _begged ; for tbe purpose of making a' coffin foi * his dead child . _¦ ' , ' Neither the law nor its executors have much to do with humanity . The officer was compelled to the performance , to him , no doubt , of a painful nature , to tear this wretched father from his unburied _ch-ld and his sick family , and return with him to Wolverhampton . He was taken before the magistrates , and there was also Mr . Town Councillor Perry , to prosecute a charge of violation of a civil contract . Tho man , in his defence , told his piteous tale of suffering , corroborated by the evidence of the officer in its main features . The

      magistrate , and every human ' being in tbat court , save one—the cold-hearted , relentless Perry—was moved with compassion , for tho careworn _^ attenuated being who stood afc that bar—a prisoner . The magistrates presumed that , under the circumstances , all tbat Mr . Perry could require , was for the man to return to his work . Mr . Perry said no ; he would be of no use to him ; he demanded his committal to gaol . In- vain did the magistrate try to soften the granito ; hearted Perry , utterly in vain—to Stafford —to Stafford—away * with him—away with him . But no , the magistrate judged otherwise . He considered the justice of the case would be met , by ordering the . man-to return to his work , and to pay the expenses , which amounted to nearly four pounds .

      And there was this wretched father , utterl y incapable of labour , but bound , by law , to remain in Wolverhampton , wandering for days the streets , an outcast , dependant for existence upon such casual support asthe humanity of the tinmen afforded him . And this is the legal operation of theso arguments , this , in England—tho boasted abode of Freedom—on the bare touching of whose soil ( it is fabled ) , the manacles drop from the limbs of the slave . What a farce ! What a national egotism !! .- But the ' concluding paragraph of tbe mayor ' s judgment * has , we think , given the death-blow to these detestable documents . The hired mon are pronounced' entitled to the standard wages of the town . It will be their fault if ' they do not

      enforce it . But retributive justice has assorted its supremacy . Public opinion , aa wc asserted some weeks ago , has proved stronger than Edward Perry ; nnd there he is , at this day , the rejected town councillor of two wards in Wolverhampton—tho persecutor of Hallett , of Ilaynes , and of tho last poor Liverpool victims , is the rejected of the burgesses of Wolverhampton . Our space will only allow us to give a hurried narrative of tho stirring events of the past week . Mr . Perry ' s term of office ( three years ) as town councillor for the ward of St . Paul ' s , having terminated , he expected to be re-elected without opposition : but the tin men , desirous of showing Mr .

      Perry that they also have some little-power and influence in the borough , determined to oppose him . A requisition wa 3 got up , signed in a few hours by nearly 150 burgess voters , and presented to Mr . Brazier , an eminent and highl y respected manufacturer , father-in-law to Mr . Shoolbred , who had modestly declined to accopt tho proffered honour . Mr . Brazier , however , upon a requisition so numerously and respectably si gned , consented to stand , and was immediately announced . Mr . Perry in consternation , commenced a hurried and we are happy to say , a fruitless canvas . _He ' feltcom . polled to withdraw his pretensions , and tho working mens candidate walked triumphantly over the course . The discomfitted Perry rushed in despair to St , John ' s , plucky to tho last , held a family

      National Association Of United Trades. T...

      council , at which it was determined that his : brother , George Henry , should resign a year _beforehia time , m his favour ; and thus , by the combined influence of the family , main tain its honours undiminished in the person of the hopes of family .. This arrangement was probably much facilitated by the faofc that George Henry stood in the somewhat unenviable * position for a town councillor , of . being a convicted misdemeanant , having been just fined £ 5 for a ruffianly assault upon an unoffending man . He , therefore— we think wisely—withdrew himself from « position where his presence mightbe unpalatable tt others , and painful to himself . E . Perry became , therefore , candidate with Dr . Mannix , tbo magistrate , for the : two vacancies . „

      The tin men , elated with their success in St . Paul ' s , transferred their energ ies to defeat their arch-enemy in his new position . Mr . Frederick Walton was then appealed to , aud consented to be put in nomination . Then came tbe tug of war . A sharp and vigorously contested election ensued , and the working men ' s candidate returned triumphantly at the head of the poll ; the numbers being at its close : —F . Walton , Esq ., 199 ; Dr . Mannix , 198 ; E . Perry , Esq ., 119 . —Majority for Mr . Walton , 80 . We heartily congratulate the Tin Plate _Workerf of Wolverhampton on this splendid double victory . It proves to them tho power of Union . It should teach them a lesson they ought never to forget , that tho principle of combination , when exercised temperately and judiciously , is omnipotent .. .

      But we are not yet out of the battle . Another vacaucy occurred in the samo ward , and the twicebeaten Perry was again in the field . A Mr . Dehan _* was selected to oppose him , but his chances of success was even less than before : he therefore withdrew in favour ofa Mr , Mooro , a railway contractor , tommy-shop keeper , and all tbat . To this mighty personage did the discomfitted . Perrys make over all that remained of their faded influence . Mr . Moore himself vowed to win , if it cost him £ _500 p . and in pursuance of this noble resolution every public-house , gin-shop , and beer-house in the ward of St . John ' s were thrown open free , gratis , for nothing , by _purity-of-elecfcion Moore . All the cabs were bou . bt up . Bands of music , and all the pomp

      and circumstance of a parliamentary election contest called into requisition . But , alas ! Mr . Perry was doomed to another defeat , in the person of hisnominee . The pole closed thus : —Mr . Dehane ,. 171 ; Mr . Moore , 1-10—Majority for Dehane , 31 . These splendid victories are of immense importance . Mr . Perry ridiculously attributes all his discom _.- _? _fitures to the National Association , and the Central Committee , upon whose head he . empties the vials of his wrath in a long prosy whinging and lying address . As for the _abuso of such a man the Central Committee deem it hi ghly honourable to them . Bnt for their influence over tho burgesses of St . Paul ' s * or St . John ' s it is simply absurd , and highly

      insulting to the said burgesses . No . Mr . ex-town councillor Perry , it is your bad , vindictive , persecuting _, spirit which has disgusted erery right-thinking man , to whom your _deeeds are known . ; They chink , sir , and have proved it by their votes , that you have , by your recent , acts disqualified yourself as a candidate for civic honours . Ponder , sir , upon the events ofthe last few days , and profit by them . If we might advise you , we would recommend you to burn all your agreements and liberate your slaves , pay to the labourer hia hire , and ease your mind from the oppressive weight which it must now be groaning under . William Pbbl , Secretary .,

      Temple-Street, Wolverhampton, November 3...

      Temple-street , Wolverhampton , November 3 rd . Dkar _Psel , —This week has been a week of extraordinary excitement and glorious victory . Tou will , no doubt , remember when you and Mr , Fleming were here , that we all agreed as to the desirability of making known the grievances under which the Tin Plate "Workers of tbis town labour , and to show to the public who is the principal cause of pre ? venting those grievances from being removed ; and further , that we should take every opportunity of bringing the question before the publio when he presented himself to the electors of St . Paul ' s ward ( the ward in which he resides ) , for re-election to the Town council . We have acted upon that

      advice , with the awl of several gentlemen in this town , and succeeded in returning Mr . Joseph Brazier , father-in-law , by marriage , to Mr . "William Shoolbred , to the council , in the room Of B . Perry . Mrt Brazier is a gentleman , and , as an employer , give » entire satisfacion to his workmen , by giving tbem , good advice and liberal wages . Mr . E . Perry , after canvasing the ward , and not being able to get even , a respectable minority , fell back upon the ward of St . John ' s to supply a vacancy occasioned by his brother George ( who was fined £ 5 at the Polico Court for assault ) , who went out of office , and , as an inducement to encourage the electors , report says , that he _danced and sung , " He wouldn ' t go home till morning . " The candidates for the office were threogentlemen , two . of whom we believed

      were the true _frittid _** of the working classes . Dr . Mannix , a county magistrate , was one who signed the decision of the Tin Plate Workers , * the second was P . Walton , Esq ., one of tho Tin Plate manufacturers , who gives the book list of prices , and ia determined to adhere to the book ; the otber was Edward Ferry , the man who has set at defiance the magistrates and the workmen , and who had tha temerity to issue a bill , containing the most foul libels on ourselves and gentlemen who raised him from insignificance and comparative poverty to opulence and power . He also stated to the voters in an _siddress , " I am informed there are interested

      parties who attemp * . to injure me in your estimation , because I have objected to conduct my business in accordance with the dictates of the National Trades' Association . In reference to my workmen , I do not believe they will effect their object ; your votes will confirm my opinion ; " and tho votes , aa declared by the aldermen and assessors , after alt the cunning and altering of papers of Perry ' s party stood thus—F . Walton , Esq ., 199 ; Dr . Alannnix , 198 ; Ej Perry , 119 . Thus he stands convicted in the opinion of the voters of St . John ' s ward by a majority of eighty votes , ' and by the unanimous votes of St . Paul ' s ward , and this ha ascribes to the National Association of United

      Trades . But , let me inform you , it was the good men both rich and poor , of Wolverhampton ; who have set their faces against him and his foul practices . * I am , dear Peel , yours respectfully , Thomas Winters .

      Fugitive -Slavs In Liverpool.—Hoary B. B...

      Fugitive -Slavs in Liverpool . —Hoary B . Brown , a fugitive slave from Richmond , Virginia , arrived in this town on the lst instant , by the Constantino , packet-ship , from America . On the 29 th of March , 1849 , he escaped from bondage in rather a remarkable manner . He was packed in a box three feet long , two and a half feet deep , and two feet wide . Confined in this small space , he was forwarded by railroad and steam-boat from Richmond to Philadelphia , a distance of 350 miles . Tlie package was direoted to one of the leading antislavery men in _Philadelphia , and was twenty-seven _, hours on the road . The sufferings of the poor follow may bo imagined when it is known that tha only accesses i ' or fresh air wero through small gimlet holes in the sides of the box : and although- .

      written directions were placed to " keep this sido up , " for more than two bours the box was turned upside down , the runaway slave being for that _tims with his feet up and his head down . Brown is a ; fine intelligent looking man , about thirty fivo _yeara of age . Since , his escapo from slavery ho has earned a subsistence by exhibiting , in the free states of . America , a panorama of some of the appallihgr scenes resulting from tlie existence of slavery / _Hs ' also delivered lectures against slavery ; and thiiti rendered himself very obnoxious to the slaveowners of the states . Under these circumstances it ' was not to be wondered that , armed with the powers of the Fugitive Slave Bill , an attempt , should be made to arrest him . Two such attempts wer »

      made , and it was with tho greatest difficulty Brown made his escape to this country . He is accompanied by James Boxer Smith , also a coloured man , - but not a slave , who assisted to box him up , at Richmond , and who has also rendered himself obnoxious to the slave partv in America by his connexion with Brown . These two men have landed on our shores almost penniless . They contrived to get " their panorama on board the vessel with them , but the y are unable to release it , unless they receive assistance from some kind fripnds of tho coloured race . Hatnau ' s Victims . —The following 'le tter fromi Count Bethlon , Colonel and formerly Commander ofthe Cavalry in Trani < ylvania , has been published . h is addressed to a friend residing in England

      Comment on it would be superflubtfs . The . unfortunate Count Leiningen , to whom the letter refers was a near relative of the half-brother of our owi S tn ,: ~ ! _i- y n , ay im _? _Sr- " writes Count lfetnlen , "the pleasure with which I read the _recept ion that tho Austrian hangman had met with in London . The words of General Count Leiningen , some hours i . efore his execution , aro very remarkable in relation to this event . He sent for me to visit him ; for . the poor victims had nn hour allowed them to take leave of their friends . ! summoned up all the strength I could , as I entered h « room and he spoke to mo with the greatest coolness . ' Mdear friendin a le ofhours I shall

      y , coup bo no more . I assure you I die ' perfectly tranquil , in the full conviction tbat I die for the most . _nghtcous of causes . The manner of my death is to me most painful . I have an unconquerable _aWS 10 _*"; and disgust for the halter . Were there the slightest possibility , I would use every means . I * o « ld even apply to my relations in other countries , to _obtaa for mo tho Austrian grace to die by powder and shot . And to Haynau it could make no such great difference . ' In tho course of conversation , he observed : ' You will see , our infamous murder will excite the greatest sensation in England , and I recommend Haynau not to venture on a visit to Ing land , for the people will stone Mm . ' "

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Nov. 9, 1850, page 5, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_09111850/page/5/