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Northern Star (1837-1852), 9th January 1847, Edition 3 of 3, Page 7, ¦ •*>¦¦ PROGRESS OF DISCOVERY IN AUSTRAL...

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      R.R.Vnabt 9, 1847. „, , The Nokthejtx St...

      r . r _. _vnABT 9 , 1847 . „ , _, THE _NOKTHEJtX STAR . 7

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      I I ,.++-~ ¦*-*"*"*-.. And I Wfll War, A...

      _,.++- ~ _¦* - * _" *"* _- .. And I wfll war , at least in _werds , j . _^ ibonldmy chance so _happen—dsedi , ) ffit * aU who war with Thought '" . « f » iak I hear a little bird , who sings _, _b , peop lebjandlijwillbe the _itroager . _-JST _* _"" _* .

      Social Reform Parties In America. ^T^^S^...

      _SOCIAL REFORM PARTIES IN AMERICA . _^ T _^^ S _^ _J th _^ ' _^ National Reformers " prised in the . ranks of tne . t ; to our Wd •« _Anti-Renters , _wj « _^ fine ouree _, S _^^ _JSSS" _»* the _"Associationk _^ ' i ! . „ have said that the Communists genew " _5 *? i - _Rnhiift Owen , or at least approximate - "ft _% _« to hk _-e have said sufficient to give ** " Ia ** an idea oftheir principles and aims . In _^ _Srf _^ rf rf _lStfw . find one of the _speakers of _Sefrpa rty making the following statement :-The On e _^ Mentian farm o '' 800 acres U _purchated and Mid for * chartered by the State of Pennsylvania with defined and published system , constitution and code * flaws - and in the twenty months that this Community hsi brer * in operation there have been tome forty awes dew-el , a large log home built , _s . nd tha saw mill it ready for oprration ; and when the spring opens a num . bar of dwellings will be pat up , and manufacturing io a . mill way carried on so as to make it self-supporting as « oon as possible .

      What has been the subsequent history of this Community no do not know . There is or was two or three other Communities but of their history we cannot speak . In October 1845 a " World ' s Convention" was held st NewYork _, Mr . Owen was the convener of the Convention and its chairman ; amongst the delerates present was G . II . Evans , editor of Young A merica , and several leading " National Reformers . ' A variety of " plans '' were submitted to the _Con-Tentit-n , several of which were adopted . The following brief ext ract of the proceedings is from Young America .

      The Convention , wat emphatically Mr . Owen ' s _Conveatioa , Itis _trns that there was a few ptrsont present from Europe , and a number from different parts of the Union ; and it'is true that all plant of reform presented were _ducutsed and decided npon ; but it it equally true that Hr Owen ' s plan was the beginning and end of tbe Convention , and tbat he considered that _nothing abort of his plan came legitimately within the _meaning of the sail . The organization of the Convention was lueh that each session was " in fact but a public meeting to deliberate On snch plans at _mifbt be brought forward at the time , At two ofthe largest of these , two plans were adopted . < those of Bovay and Evans , ) both of which embraced the _restoration of the toil by political action , and several Other desirable _referms . ilr . Owem ' s plan also , adopted at tbe last meeting . Is ,

      in brief , to . establisb communities by Incorporate Joint Stock Associations , the Communities tobe built and let to the _operatives by the Capitalists , and to have the right of redeeming the stock , which Mr . Owen thinks may _bsdone in twenty years . The amoant necessary to establish a community of three thousand persons , be _ostuDktesat three million of dollars , and he thinks that when one shall be esUblitbed as a model , they will soon _beoon . e general . Ve hare not heard that Mr . Owen ' s "Joint Stock Communist Associations" have advanced beyond the resolution-v oting of tht convention , but we fancy they have not . It was resolved that an annual

      «• World ' sContention" shonld _behtldouthelst et Octolter in each year , but we have not heard of any snch Convention having taken place in October last . Recent American papers show , however , that Mr-Owen is yet indefatigable and undismayed in propagating his Tiews . His addresses are somewhat _cu-« ou * , more particularly his praises of ' democracy " as the great instrument for effecting social reform . ' We may dismiss this portion of the subject in the word * of the editor of Young America : —'' Com-nnn _' um may be the ultimate si * * * of society , bnt a restoration of individaal rights by political action , or otherwise , is a measure absolutely necessary to human progress . "

      Tbb AssoctATiosisTs , ( Fourientes ) , seem to command more publio attention , at least they ate better represented in the press , having several organs ef first-rate talent , aud one—the New York Tribune , possesses great influence . Recently this party published a lengthy statement of their principle * and Objects , from which we give tbeMowing extracts : —

      * IT 1 _TSH 1 ST Of tha " American Union of Assodationists . " _Observing with regret , though without surprise , that _wiisconceptions , errors , and calumnies , are widely circulated in relation to the doctrines of _Aisociation—We , the cadersigaed Officers of the " American Union of _As-SaciationiiU , " feel bound OBce again to state to our _eountrvmen the real objects which we have in riew . ***"» are convinced that the _Associative movement is a ProTidential one , —that it fulfils the promises so long _annouoced throug h ages of conflict and suffering ; that it open : a new era of justice and peace ; tbat it practically _ambi-diei the Christian Law of Love , establishes the

      liberties and rights of citizens which have been sought iu vain by legislators la ancient and modern times , and _snccdufully complete ! the reforms which the philanthropists of all Christian and civilized lands are proclaiming . Therefore do *» e summon all men to hearken to onr criticisms of existing outrages and miseries , to respond to our appeals for efficient efforts to remove these intolerable wrongs against Man , —to accept the _priB'ipIes of the Combined Order of -society , if they can _« ee tbem as we do , to be jast and wise , —and practically to apply them in hope and troth .

      It is our conviction that the existing system of Society _Oillei Civilizati _* '' ' * radically false and corrupt in several Of its prominent institutions , and that a reform of this System is laid as a solemn duty ' upon every enlightened people . The institutions belonging as elements to present society , which we condemn as false , corrupting , brutalizing , or oppreuive , and which can only be removed by an integral reform , are briefly tbe following : —War , Or legal and honourablebutchery , carried on by * _nations ; Slavery , or the ownership of man by man ; tbe tystem of _Labsur for Wages or the Slavery of Capital ; the exitting

      wasteful , complicated and fraudulent system of Commerce ; free , or anarchial Competition , witb its hatreds _, jealousies , frauds and lies ; ths monopoly ofthe Soil , and of Machinery ; Pauperi » m ; Prostitution , and all approximations to it , such as mercenary aarriagts , and legalized impurity ; the present defective methods ot _EduMtion , and unequal opportunities of the time ; the _repugnant 2 nd degrading system of Labour , which lies at the foundation of slavery , idleness , physical debility and disease , and the general poverty in society ; the universal Conflict or Interests and _Hoinuu or _ClliSEI .

      Ia place of all these we aim to establish a new Social OesEK which shall create abundant riches , and distribute tbem according to the laws of Justice ; wbich shall banish _povsrty aad pauperism , and tbe miseries to which theyg _* T 8 rise forever from the earth ; which shall _astc-• _Uts tbe interests of all classes , and destroy in tbeir very source , the causes » f _selfishnees , and antagonism , fraud , litigation and crime ; which shall secure to every child the benefits of a complete moral , intellectual and pbyileal development ; which shall break the chuinsof the slave and the fetters of want and starvation that bio ithe hireling ; which shall banish idleness from s _« - ciity by so organising industry as to dignify it and render it attractive ; whieh shall secure an honourable and

      congenial sphere of activity in industry , and the arts and sciences to wdm-n , _togsther with pecuniary independence and the enjoyment of equal rights with man , wbich alone can re * nove prostitution and venal marriages effectually from the world ; which shall render the health Ofthe body , and a true development and harmonious action of ali tbe faculties and passions of the soul , which constitute happiness , the general rule instead of the ex . ception as they now are ; which shall establish an enlightened and philanthropic public opinion that will hone stl y examine and accept new ideas , new discoveries and plans of improvement ; and wbich in short shall base tin _prosperity , libtriy and peace of nations upon a true aa i sure foundation .

      Thus we proposo to reform society , and lay earnest and _ren-lute , though patient and conciliatory , hands on the barbarian institutions wbich civilised man has too long tolerated , and against which the conscience aud judgment of Christendom cry aloud . But there are other institutions of modern society wbich we have untouched , whose beneficial influences we recognise , aad whose tendencies to a higher good should b « developed and perfected , while at the tame _fcia we are assured that if any radical changes are to tale place in t ' aem they will be accomplished by other ann than those of tha present times ; the chief of these institutions are the Christian Church , Marriage and Representatire Government .

      Thus in relation to the Church , we believe that the _tiaie is approaching when the scattered and hostile sects mto which it is divided , will be brought into the same foil , and one Universal Church will be established on tbi ) earth . But we have , as a body , no idea whatever Of undertaking the reform necessary to effect tbis recall ; -hiit work lies out of our sphere ; we leave it to the fu . tote . But still we do not hesitate to declare tbat it taunot ba brought about while discord and _selfishne-s a * ' , the fundameatal laws of society , and we call npon Christians of every sect to be true to their professions . 'If a man love not his brother whom be hath seen , hew _taa he love God whom he hath not seen V

      And so with _regard to Marriage ; we hold that it it the n _*' * t sacred and important of existing social ties , and his tbat it is tbe pivot on wbich tbe order of society _defiils . Accordingly , our position is that the existing in-Et . ution is to be maintained in its greatest possible _dig-° " y and purity . We believe that with the establishment of Truth and Justice in the practical affairs of society ; *'' i the abolition of poverty , and with the guaranty of j _** - _* aiiry independence to all persons , the most fatal _""Bptations to _dsbase and profane tbis relation will be '" noted , and that mercenary marriages aad other _let _** Uscd prostitution , with ths loathsome dent and stews _" » 'are tolerated in the midst of the most virtuous and _ft-igh- Hi _conmunltift _, aad the degrading aad brutish

      Social Reform Parties In America. ^T^^S^...

      habits which make society a ball , will dlit ppiar . Bat to Purer and nobler _gtntrationi , mora upright , honourable and _gentwmi , wt leave all legislation on thlt tukject ! It Is for ut to maintain the institution Inviolable He _rerthsless . wa shall not rsfraln from the duty of exposing inthe strongest colours ths meanness , the _shamelest inqnity and corruption on the one hand , and tho bitter , _life-contummg sorrows on the other , _whith prevail in bia _ralatton _throvnthnnt _srtMotv . The _syttem of Representative Government , it ishardly necessary to say , wa regard atthe _greatett step of modern political _Itaprovsment . We believe that it embodies a part at least of the idea of human liberty , and that itis one ofthe chief instrumentalities by which Providence Is working out its purposes of good In the present epoch .

      So far from aiming at the destruction of either of _thete institutions , we regard their preservation as an _inditpeniable condition of the reform to which we are devoted . Our work _contistt in the Organization of _inetuttry npon true principlei , so as to bring about a great increase of prodnction or real wealth , and to _distribute it withoaaet justice * in ths _sitablishmsnt of _atiWonomical and equitable sy & tem ot Commerce ; and in the guaranty to every human being of the essential and inalienable rights of Man , which are , the right to Integral Education , the right to Labour , and the right to the fruit thereof . This work we claim te be the completion ofthe vital _moremest of the American Revolution , and the application in practice of tho morality of the Sa . viour , " Do ye unto others as ye would that they should do unto you , "

      To this cause great and generous tools of all ages have devoted thtmtelves , For the good of the Race they have given their lives in faithful thought or heroic action ; never doubting that tho day of deliverance would come , they have passed serenely from the stage , leaving for our instruction their sufferings , their _deedt , and their words . To all thete noble spirits we acknowledge our debt as members of the human family . We revere their memory asd look in their teachings for indications of needful truth and of present duty _. Pre-eminent among thete men in our view , it Charles Fourier , a genu ' s raited up in thete modern times . Especially do we look upon him with gratitude and satisfaction , because , unlike many other thinkers , he descended from universal and abstract ideas into the sphere of primary , practical , necessities , the sphere of Labor .

      The Organization of Labor in the associated township , according to the Series , is briefly what we , as a body , ac . eepted from his writings ; and on the realization of this measure ws are assured tbat the safety and progress of society uew depend . As to Fourier's theories of Marriage ; of Cosmogony , and the Immortality of the Soul , we do not accept them , * and this is the position which the Association School in tbiscountry aud in Europe have always taken and never varied from . * * # The plan we propose , while it is sti _ictly scientific , is at the same time peaceful and conservative . We wish to test oar doctrines in the organisation of a single town _, ship . With a less number of persons than may be found

      in an ordinary township , we caa make an experiment of ' onr views , in tbe establishment of a Model Association . We believe tbat we can so arrange manual and other industry as to render it all honourable and attractive , and abridge a multitude of repulsive , unwholesome , and degrading labours ; that we can introduce a system of combined architecture , and effect vast economies in modes of living ; that we ea ' n establish a just division of profits ; guarantee congenial spheres of employment and a true social position to every person ; extend equal opportunities of education of all ; bring about unity of interests and general co-operation , and place the social relations of the people on a footing of truth , honour , justice , equa rights , and active benevolence . .

      Thus in one local , practical experiment , made tcientifically on a small seal * and not affecting the general interests of society as much as a single election in some of our cities , we propose a final proof of our method of Association . If it succeeds on this scale , as all large political divisions are bnt the repetition ofthe townthip , there will be no difficulty in its universal _application , to the unspeakable benefit of society and of every being in it . Hob ice Gbeiiit , President . Peieo _Ctiaaa , James Ear , Jr .

      _Fbedexick _Gsartr , CnAU . ES Sea r s , E . P . _Gsajit , Benjamin _Uenei _. H . H . Van _Ambinge _, Vice-Presidents . W . H . _Channimo , Dom . Cor . Sec _Pasee Godwin , For . Cor . Sec . Jakes T . Fishes , Rec . Sec . Fbancis Geo . Shaw , Treatnrei Geoege Rimet , 0 . Macdaniel _, Chabi . e 3 A . Dana , _ Edmund Tweedt , _Albibt _Bbisbane . Jobn Allen , John S . _Dwight , Directors .

      We learn from the 2 _V"oune that there have been not less than twenty attempts to realize Industrial Associations on the plan of Fourier , of which ten are still in progress . We believe the most important of these societies is the Brook Farm Phalanx in the state of Massachusetts . We have no information as to the progress and prospects of these societies .. Some time ago , the Associationists and National Reformers had some smartish controversies concerning the merits of their respective plans . The Associationists admit and contend for tha right ofthe whole human race to the whole of the earth ' s soil ; but they consider tbat the roost effectual means for restorfng this right is , by forming industrial societies , which uniting capital and labour shall enable the members to gradually and peacefully acquire tbeir long lost rights , and secure to them those rights when gained . They are for achieving their aims by social not political means .

      The National Reformers , on the other hand , whilst agreeing with the _As-wciationists as ta the natural right of the race to the soil , think that political means are indispensable for the obtainment of great social changes ; therefore , by influencing the national and state legislatures , they would—1 st . —secure to actual settlers , the free and exclusive use ofthe publie lands in limited allotments ; 2 nd . —Limit the quantity of land to all holders after the present generation ; and , 3 rd . — -Secure the homestead of each family from being taken out of its possession through any future debt or mortgage . The National Reformers , though not adopting Association principles as a party contain in their ranks many , who believe in " Association , " but who deem the restoration of individual rights to be first essential : the Land first and Association ( if _desireable ) afterwards .

      We should correct what we have said above as to the Associonists esehewing political means , we believe that this is true ofthe party , but some of their most talented leaders are wiser . Messrs . Greeley { f ditor of the Tribune ) , Godwin . Ryckman , Brisbane , Van _Amringe , and the Rev . W . H . Channing are foremost amongst the great intellects at the head of the Associationists , and they do not reject political means . The above-named individuals all advocate tbe freedom of the Public Lands . M . Ryckman is a leading member of the Reform Association , so is Mr . Van Amringe , and we see he is about to become the travelling lecturer for the society ; as to Albert Brisbane , he bas delivered some of the most eloquent orations yet uttered in advance of the Agrarian cause , and gives his vote for the National

      Reform candidates , and we have friend Evans ' s testimony , that "he ( A . Brisbane ) is a host in himself l _» devoted , a _gelf-scrificingreformer , withoutvanityOr _pretention ; and the more deserving of credit , if there be any credit in doing one ' s duty , because he never felt except by sympathy the evils which he aims to remove . " Before we close this article , we should say that a " short time factory agitation , " has long commanded the attention ofthe working classes in Massachusetts and other manufacturing states and localities . The triumph of the good cause in this country , which cannot be far off , must have a mighty and beneficial effect for the cause of our oppressed fellow-workers , in America . Surely Republican America will not allow Monarchial England to outstrip her in the race of humanity ! Factory slaves of America look 1 to it .

      Had time and space permitted , wbich they do not , we should like to hare offered some observations upon the Reform press of the Mates ; we must , however _, merely confine ourselves to a few passing remarks . With the merits of _louno- America and the . rlnf " --Renter onr readers are pretty well acquainted ; the specimens we have from time to time given of tbe contents of those journals is their best praise . The Netv York Tribune , the principal ( New York ) organ ofthe "Associationists" is , in many respects , an

      admirable journal , though , of course , we dissent from its Whig politics . Of the Subterranean , tbe Voice of Industry , the Harbinger , the Regenerator , and the Alphadelphia Tocsin , we bave only seen one or two numbers each ; so far as we could judge , they appear to be all able and energetic champions of progress . We should be glad to have a more intimate acquaintance with the above-named papers , and some others [ we see occasionally noticed in Young America ) published in Pennsylvania , Illinois , and Ohio .

      We hold it to be a solemn duty to do what lies in onr power to promote a veritable brotherhood between the people of this country and the people of America , and with that view we are anxious to make known to our readers every movement on the other side of the Atlantic , having for its object the progression , veritable freedom and happiness of mankind . In this spirit we wi » _n our American friends union and success , and good speed in all their labours . a Strictly speaking , our general position on all these subjects is this : We leave them aside . As individuals each is at liberty to accept or reject any thing aside from the subject of Industrial Reform and Organisation , as truth and human good shall dictate to his own mind .

      Jar Our Next Number Will Contain The Com...

      jar Our next number will contain the commencement of some most astounding revelations _« f the crimes ofthe infamous Austrian despotism .

      Guseew Is At Present Inundated With Dest...

      _Guseew is at present inundated with destitute Irish families , who are daily arriving under an impression tbat there is work for them on some railway .

      Mvtim Firteuisente;

      Mvtim _firteUisente ;

      France. On New-Tear's Day Louis-Philippe...

      FRANCE . On New-Tear ' s day Louis-Philippe received the usual congratulatory addresses from the _Diplomatic corps , and other bodies . The ceremony was of the usual fraudulent character , enriched by an additional dash of spicey lying en tha part of _Louis-Pkilippe , who , in reply to the felicitations of the Peers , said : — " As you have said , the problem to be solved was the alliance of monarchy and liberty ; it was to make nations feel that liberty has need of monarchy , and to prove to kings and princes that monarchy has need of liberty . Itis from having misapprehended this principle—it is from having believed , 01 . the one hand , that liberty was _incompatible with

      monarchy , and on the other that monarchy was incompatible with liberty , that Franoe has been dragged into revolutionary storms . May God preserve other nations from the like ! May our example convinoa states and kings that monarchy and liberty may live aud prosper together , but that they _cannot do so except at the price of mutual confidence . If the national will hag raised me to the throne , it is because the tenour of all my life presaged that all my efforts would tend to ensure the triumph of this principle , and that there was no secret thought to be apprehended from me . " Bread is still rising in price , and the searcity daily assumes a more menacing character .

      Upwards of 1 , 200 p ieces of cannon and _hc-witters destined for the fortifications of Paris , are ready , says the Gazettede Berri , to lie placed . They have not as yet been taken to Bourges as the buildings preparing there to receive them will not be ready until next summer .

      SPAIN . OPE . VING 07 TIIE CORTES . The Cortes was opened on the 31 st ult . by the Queen in person . The " speech" is rather lengthy , but presents no points worthy of notice save the following paragraphs : — "I have contracted a marriage with my august cousin , Don Francisco _d'Assis Maria de Bourbon , agreeably to my intention announced to the preceding Cortes . I trust that Heaven will bless this union , and that you , also , gentlemen , will unite your prayers with mine to almighty Ged . The marriage of my beloved sister has also taken place in the way which has been already explained to the Cortes .

      * " My Government will present you with the budget of receipts and expenses for the year 1847 . You will there see the ameliorations and economies which it has been possible to make . I regret that past troubles , and the very reforms themselves which must afterwards produce good results , do not permit of my making at present all the reductions which I _desire . " A fixed and fitting endowment for religious purposes and the clergy is a positive and urgent need , as essential to the welfare ot religion as it is for that of the state . My Government will present you shortly with a law on this important matter .

      " Besides these , other laws will be proposed in the course of this session ; some with the view to protect the increase of wealth by curbing the abuses whieh accompany the first impulse of its developement , others with a view to introduce ameliorations in tbe different branches of the administration , and others , finally , with a view to regulate the arrangements in force relative to the press and to exceptional professions . # . The Carlist Insurrection is on the increase . According to the Espanol , tbe parts more particularly threatened by the partisans of the Count de Monte * molin (" who will present himself with the Constitution of 1837 in his hand" ) are Navarre , the Basque Provinces , Catalonia , Gallicia , the Maeztrazgo _, and the Balearic islands .

      PORTUGAL . TIIE CIVIL WAR . DEFEAT OF TUB IlfSUROKSTS . —ORKAT _SLAtJOnTEROFinB queen s TROOPS . Letters were received on Monday from Lisbon son taining intelligence ofan action between the Queen ' s troops and the insurgents at Torres _Vedras , in wliich . the latter sustained a very decisive reverse . The action was fought on the 22 nd , Saldanha commanding the Queen ' s troops , the insurgents being under the command of Bomfim . The loss on both sides in killed and wounded was considerable . A great many prisoners were made including Bomfim . The loss on the Queen ' s side is stated to have been 386 ( including 33 officers ) in killed , wounded , and missing ; but

      other accounts state it at a much greater number . The casualties on the _insurgects side were fewer , as during a great part of the action they fought from behind stone walls and barricades . Even after the Queen ' s troops had forced th eir way into the town , the issue was very doubtful , as the insurgents retired into the castle ; but lhree companies of the 2 nd infantry , who had charge of Fort Forca , went over in a body to the enemy , and that post—the key of the position—lost , the castle became untenable , and surrendering , or being slaughtered to a man , was the only choice left . The insurgents ware allowed to march out with some of the honours ot war—the officers with their swords and the men with their knapsacks . During the night of the 22 nd Count Bomfim contrived to send off a despatch with

      an account of what had taken place to Count das Antas , whom it found at Rio Maior , at the head of 3 , 000 regulars and 500 armed civilians , and who on receipt of it immediately commenced his retreat in the direction of Coimbra , to join the irregular forces there under the command of the Marquis of Loulo Antas at the same time sent off a messenger to C » sar de Vasconcellos _, whom hehad left at Santarem with 2 , 500 well-armed and trained irregular troops , including about 100 cavalry , acquainting him with what had happened , and leaving it to his own _discretion either te defend the place or fall back upon Coimbra . the latter of whieh courses he has preferred . It is alleged that the news of the disaster that befel Bomfim , instead ot discouraging the rest of the insurgents , seemed to inspire them witb increased fury against their enemies .

      Bomfim and his staff were taken to Lisbon on the 24 th , and are prisoners on board the Diana , Portuguese frigate , offBelcm , where it is said they are treated with more than necessary severity . Count Bomfim has forwarded a letter to Sir W . Parker , urging bim to use his influence in order to procure a mitigationlbf their sufferings . Should the _Scptembriste _andrMiguelites heartily coalese the prospects of Donna Maria ' s government will soon be gloomy enough . The two insurgent parties are now actually negotiating an arrangement of some sort . Each has an ambassador at the camp of the other ; Captain _Mendes Leite on the one side _. atid the _Miguelite General Macdonell or . the other .

      yURTHBR PARTICULARS . It was hardly to be expected that the two contending armies could remain for a greater length of time in the inactive attitudes each had assumed . Antas , therefore , commenced by making a feint , sending a column to the south side of the Tagus to attract , if possible , the attention of Saldanha , while another force , consisting of about 3 , 200 infantry , and upwards of 260 cavalry , under tbe command of Bomfin _, sallied out from Santarem , taking the road to Torres Vedras ; various were the reports afleat in regard to this movement . On the morning , however , of the 20 th inst ., the new battalions in Lisbon were all ordered te the lines , and joined afterwards by a small brigade which was detached from the army of Saldanha , as

      it was expected that Bomfin ' _s intention was to _approach the capital . Saldanha , on the 19 th , broke up at _Cartaxo , taking theroute to the Caldas da Rainha . The weather was most tempestuous , and the heavy flooding rains had rendered the roads almost impassable . Antas also had marched from Santarem , to operate in conjunction witb Bomfin as circumstances might require . It was destined otherwise . It is said that a courier , with a letter from the former to Bomfin , was intercepted , which induced Saldanha to come to an immediate engagement . Mousinho de Albuquerque , late minister of marine , died at Torres Vedras of his wounds . lie has left a large and helpless family . lie is reported to have been a skilful engipeer officer , and a brave man . Iiis fall during the engagement quite unnerved , it is said , Bomfin , and from that moment he ceased to manifest

      that ardour and presence of mihd which he displayed in the early part of the action . The exposure of Mousinho de Albuquerque during the night to cold and wet in the uncovered place to which Bomtin ' s forces had to retire , and the absence of medical attendance to extract the ball from his breast , increased the risks against his recovery . When Saldanh a heard , ou the tallowing day , of his perilous state , he instantly ordered a consultation of surgeons , and every attention to be paid him . His poor wife had the melancholy consolation of attending him during his last days of suffering . The ball was extracted irom his breast , but mortification speedily ensued . That night of exposure in tho unroofed chapel attached to the castle was the cause of death to many a brave poor fellow . Few of the seriously wounded escaped the consequences oi it .

      The ZVarm of December 30 , contains a royal de cree , countersigned by all the ministers , which suspends trial by jury for certain crimes until that decree be altered or revoked by the legislative body . Tbe crimes which are not to have the benefit of trial byjuryarethoteth . it produce death , wounding with fracture or permanent injury , robbery , rebellion , sedition , conspiracv , incendiarism , & c , Ac .

      REPORTED DEFEAT OF THE M 1 QUKL _1 TE 3 . On the 2 Gth of Deeember , an encounter took place between Mac-Donald , the rebel General , and Casal , when the former were routed , many killed , and the prisoners , by Casal ' s orders , were slaughtered in cold blood . Casal was supposed to be making towards Oporto . GERMANY . The Frankfort correspondent of the Morning Advertiser says : —While a _eommunist plot Das been _discovered at Berlin , the ronnufactiiring district *! of Silesia are breaking out in riots . Prussia is lost il she does not gain the goodwill of the middle _cAass bj some popular measure .

      France. On New-Tear's Day Louis-Philippe...

      ITALX G « iat Flows at _Rouf _.-fle * . I —Forthe 1 * w _« ek we have had the most IB _/« er « b ] e weath « imaginable , rainr rain , day and i » g b . t . And as mi gh be expected , tbe city k in a deple _-TSWe" condition and boats are plying in the Corso . _Ther-Babrunc and all the lower streets , the Pantheon ' , * the ? Arche of Septimius _Severus , and Janus , and ti _^ _pexcavatei ruins in general are sou' _atqm , and the river con _tinues to rise . Should it do 89 to the _heife'bt of _ifrw ' feet more , the Piazza di Spagna will be _guti-merge- * . ! and the flood of the year 1805 , the most _disMtroui within tlie memory of man , will _beiforgotten in thai of 1846 , It is an awful . visitation , and the misery entailed upon thousands ofthe wretched inhabitants of the inundated streets , is beyond conception .

      POLAND . The Frankfort Joumalof the 29 th ult . publishes a letter from Vienna of the 22 nd , whioh states that the most complete anarchy prevails in Galicia . All the peasants of one village quitted their parish church in a body , because the clergyman had spoken to them of the ten commandments . Thoy exclaimed , ** We have no occasion for so many laws . " YouXq Nick has Old Nick ' s luck and his own too ; he was recently nearly drowned , but not quite . What happiness his escape affords us ! The accident occurred at Korono . Planks of wood had been laid across the stream , which was only half covered with thin ice , over whioh the carriage was to be drawn

      by men aa far as the _barce , which was stationed in the open river . The ice close to the shore was deemed sufficiently strong to render it unnecessary to cover it with boards , and the Emperor was persuaded to remain in the carriage , with Count Orloft . But as the carriage rolled rapidly down the steep banks , the wheels instantly cut the ice , and the carriage began to sink rapidly . The Emperor , to avoid being drowned by the water which was rushing in , was compelled to get upon the coachbox . From thence he was extricated by one of his officers , who waded through the wator , which was up to his breast , with the Emperor on his shoulders , to the shore .

      GREECE . THREATENED AU 8 TBHI * _INTIRVEKTION . . _^^^ Correspondence from Athens of the 20 th ult . states that extraordinary excitement had been created by the publication in the Athenian newspaper , the Elpis , of a document forwarded to the editor from Munich , in which it is asserted that the Court of Vienna has proposed to the three protecting Powers of Greece , England , France , and Russia , to replace the present constitution by a charter similar to that of Bavaria , and to occupy Greece for ten years with an auxiliary corps of 8 , 000 Austrian troops . The publication of this dooument caused the greatest alarm to the Greek Government , and the Procureur du Roi gave order to seize this number of the piper at the Post-office , and to suppress its circulation in any shape . The following is said to be the outline of the scheme proposed by Austria —

      1 . Greece is to have a constitution similar to those of Bavaria and other German states . 2 . That in order to sustain the monarchy , and to stifle , if need be , any revolutionary attempt against the new order of things , a corps of 8 , 000 Austrian troops shall enter Greece and remain there for ten years . With a view to avoid oppressing Greece fay additional expenses , Austria will take upon itself to furnish pay , clothing , and provisions to this auxiliary force , receiving from the Greek Treasury nothing beyond the sum appropriated at present to the support of the corps of frontier guards , who are to be disbanded Immediately on the arrival of the auxil . iary corps . As to the regular army of Greece , it is to be incorporated with the auxiliary troops .

      3 . In case _circumstancesahnuld render it necassary to send a reinforcement of troops , such reinforcement shall take place under an understanding between the Allies and at tho expense of the Greek government . The force so supplied shall be sent back as soon as practicable . The Brit ' sh Government is said to have replied to the Cabinet of Vienna in the most positive manner that it would never permit—and especially by means ofa foreign armed force—th © reversal of all that had been settled by the National Assembly of Greece , and solemnly recognised by England ; adding that , even if it should stand alone amongst the Governments of Europe it would unchangeably persevere in its resolution .

      It is added , that in pursuance of this announcement the English squadron cruising on the Portuguese station , has received orders , with the exception of one division , to sail immediately for the Archipelago , under the command of Admiral Parker , At the same time , a considerable force is to be _cencentrated in the Ionian Islands , to be in readiness for action .

      TURKEY . Constantinople , _| Dcc . 19 . — It was stated some time back that a revolutionary movement had been got up in the district of B / inalunko , in Bosnia , by the chief agency , and , _* at the instigation of Austria . The _instrument used on this occasion was an Albanian of Rike , named Mahmoud , who , with some 500 followers , gave himself up to pillage and acts of brigandage , and for a long while was the terror of the whole provinee , attacking villages , forcibly raising contributions , and murdering , indiscriminately , all who resisted him . About the middle of September , he attached and laid a heavy fine ob the city of Trikora , and on tab ' refusal ofthe inhabitants to accede to his imperious demands ,, he tortured and

      murdered the several primates and three _mollahs . The audacity of this chief finally rose to such a pitch that the immediate attention of the Government was required , and Halil Kiamil Pacha , at the head of 3 . 000 Albanian troops , advanced _against hira . The Porte has now received the intelligence thata ; battle was fought at Dobrina , between tho _Bosnacs and the troops , in which tho former were completely routed , leaving 100 killed , and 300 prisoners | in the hands . " of the Turkish commander . Several . of tlieir most influential chiefs were seized and shot , and the prisoners are now on their way to the capital to be incarcerated in the Bagnio for life . A great number of the fugitives took refuge on the Austrian frontier .

      JAPAN . The Americans have been unsuccessful in an attemptgto enter into commercial arrangements with the Government of Japan . Commodore Biddle , in the _80-gun ship Columbus , accompanied by the corvette _Vinconnes , recently visited _Jeddo . The two ships were at once surrounded by hundreds of armed boats , and not only were they feir bid to communicate with the shore , but they were not permitted to communicate with each other . A letter from the President of the United States to the King was taken , and received by the officials , who visited the Commodore to ascertain what he wanted ; but no answer was returned , it being _merely intimated to the strangers that they were to go , and on no account to return .

      ¦ •*>¦¦ Progress Of Discovery In Austral...

      ¦ _•*>¦¦ PROGRESS OF DISCOVERY IN AUSTRALIA . The son of Major Mitchell , who a short time ago started for the Bollflon'River , his succeeded in completing the exploration of the unknown country _between New England and Fort Bourke . '* The party started from Mr . Pearce ' s station ( Gnoolomata ) in a N . W . direction , and in 30 miles reached a country possessing peculiar characteristics , consideringits position in the midst of an almost i - terminable flat . It consisted of gravelly undulations abounding with grass , and watered with small springs . That at which the party halted was called Naudo , and had evidently been for centuries a favourite camping place for the natives , who , with their usual improvidence , had _ustd it for purposes which rendered it unfit for drinking nt the time of our arrival ; but , by completely clearing it out , we obtained some delicious water , the supply being , how ever . insufficient tor the horses .

      " On the morning of the 4 th of November , when _travelling due west , the party came upon five wild blacks encamped at a lagoon . They at first made a rush to escape , but were induced to remain by the interpreter , a Bolloon blaek , who waB familiar with them and all the tribes in the neighbourhood . '' On the morning of thc Gth November , the party _cros-ed over to the Culgoa , and trace d it upwards to its origin in the Bolloon . Above that spot the river was of very great breadth , and the country on its banks of a very fattening description . There was abundance of barley , grass , grass which , kowevev , was thought of secondary importance , as there grew not on it bush or tree upon which cattle did not thrive . A tribe of natives , who , en hearing

      discharges of fire arms , had concealed themselves in the bush , were with difficulty by means of the interpreter , induced to return and receive their fish and nets , which were found on the river bank . They were much alarmed , having never seen white men , and had decorated themselves with green boughs , symbols of peaceful intentions . "The habits of all the natives of his river are of the most disgusting character , involving a refinement upon cannibalism absolutely sickening . Suffice it to say , that this tribe of blacks _cavricd with them two bodies , from -which they had extracted and consumed what is termed the adipose matter . When a party dies , a stage is immediately erected , consisting of a sheet of bark , drilled with holes , like a

      sieve , fixed upon three posts . The body is placed upon this , and an opossum cloak being closely wrapped round the upper portion of it . small fires are kept burning at the two ends of the stage , and one undernea th it . A large * coulamau' receives the matter thus extracted by the heat , and the tribes close round and greedily consume , and Tub their person , with this horrible extract . After this the bones and skin are closely wrapped in an opossum cloak , aud then rolled in a sheet ot freshly Btripped bark . The whole , coved with net-work , is then carried about by the tribe for a considerable time , and is ultimately deposited in some hollow log , Numbers of these stages are to be found en Bolloon , j and high up the _Mooni Creek .

      ¦ •*>¦¦ Progress Of Discovery In Austral...

      " On the 7 th November the party proceeded a considerable * distance up trie river , the character of the * country becoming hourly more striking . Thsy encamped at a noble reach ealled - Toond ' . ' " The natives again _endMMpeu _\ ritJ * the party bere ; and in crossing ; from the opposite bank , there seemed to be the greatest alarm _least any of their SSh « corpse 8 ' of vrhlch ther har _' - & ve ' shou _' dJ _tZbJt * water an _« _l the most religious C 3 re . was wflrp _««« Ve 9 t , sach a « occurrence . Three m _^ n nartl wno i ! 6 aged in h 0 _* - _* _-ni ? "P ono of them . The " Th ? _£ fiS _£ f - 8 h 0 wn the _™* _Wendly feeling _, tho _wrZte _? _- _Tr _* _* - Mitchell from fo _' howX ? _Kvo T , H _^ n in with , tended to . ¦ new _tftat t > vo white men had been _killed _lln _. _the Bolloon , _ando-ne on theBirie ; _bu _^ _SSiffl to return , he reached Mr . PiaSJa stSTH ISth November , i , aving been Sent from _ifeight " It then became necessary for Mr . Mitchell to

      survey the located _portions of the Borffin _' river ' setting the bouHaricffof the runs , dec , for a distance of nearly 300 miles , downward _^ , until he arrived at _Mohanna , a station of" Mr . _Nelsc-n Lawson ' s , flero he found the first hill be had seen for many hundred miles ; and from the top of it be perceired two others , distant about 40 miles , E . S , E ., with tabulated summits , which he recognised ar > Oxley ' s Table Land , and _^ thus became aware of his not being more tham 70 miles from Fort Bourke ; asd certain of the identity of the Darling and BarwJB rivers , h * mounted his men upon fresh horses , arid' made Fort Bourke the second day . At the first _ha-Uing-place he was attacked by the blacks , who hovered about during the whole night , but no accident oecurred . The Forte he found almost entirely burnt down , but the temporary stock-yard , erected by Major Mitchell in 1835 , was almost as secure as when erected . " The next day Mr . Mitchell returned to Mohanna . '

      The War In The Rio De La Plata. Iiorrini...

      THE WAR IN THE RIO DE LA PLATA . IIoRRini . B Atrocities . —Accounts have been received from Mount Vdes to the 11 th of October . That city is still beseiged by fne ruffian Orihe , who is , as usual , signalising himself by thc commission of the most fiendish atrocities toward the unhappy prisoners who happen to fall into his hands , We give the following samples : — Lieutenant _Carasa , an officer who has _sorve-d under General Oribe throughout the desolating wars of the Argentine provinces , ( on which Oribe was sent by Rom ns the novitiate to the invasion ot' his unlive country , ! was

      amongst the prisoners taken by Rivera in Mercedes , in June last . He was carried to Martin Garcia , whence , after some time , he made his escape and proceeded to Oribe ' s camp at the Cerrito , having then two brothers serving in the army , ons of them married . His mind hid been for a long time bent on abandoning Oribe's service , but fears for the fate of his family prevented bis attempting to do so until he should be able to rescue them also . Ho and they have at length succeeded ; and it is from these men , who for years have served in _Oiibe's army , tbat the declaration of barbarous executions , witnessed by themselves , has proceeded .

      Colonel Enestroza , made prisoner after the fatal battle of Arroyo Grande , with promise of his life being spared , was executed by order ot the victorious geneml . His bands were cut off by the wrists , the akin peeled from his skull , his throat cut , he was castrated , and , finally , maneas ( fetters for horses' legs ) made of tbe skin of his body . Two sergeants , Sanchez and Yam , were taken prisoners on the same occasion , under the promise of their lives being spared . They were executed and their bodies were mutilated . Two officers , Costa and Arrlsmendi , were made prisoners , and were the only ones whose names were known to Carasa of the infinite number who were so sacrificed ; they underwent the same inhuman death and mutilation . A lady of Montevideo , Donna Teres * de T—— , was assassinated at Oribe's camp , on pretence of her attempting to seduce men to abandon his cause .

      A Brnzillian subject , who was forced to serve , was seined in the act of escaping ; his throat waB cut , and his body mutilated . An Italian , taken wounded at Tree Cruces ( near Montevideo ) by Don Jorge Garreras , was trailed at the heels of the tatter ' s horse , his throat cut , his legs and hands se . vered , he was castrated aud flayed , his heart torn out , roasted and eaten . Accounts arrived yesterday from _Maldonsdo , confirming a report of the last few days , that another blano , butchery had faken place in that department . Colonel Fortunato _SiWa and 20 of his comrades have been murdered in cold blood by Oribe ' s party , commanded by Barrios .

      ^M Ireland. State Op Thb Country. The Ac...

      _^ m IRELAND . STATE OP THB COUNTRY . The acoount *? continue to be of the same gloomy and distressing character as those we have had the sad and painful duty of publishing for many months past . We confine our selection to a tew of the most extreme cases of destitution , disease and death . _Skibukrekk , Dec . 30 Since my former vi-it to this locality , I find that the circumstances of the people have materially altered for the worse . Provisions are daily increasing in price and scarcity , flour being-Is . a stone , and Indian meal 3 s . 4 d ., bread of the coarsest description 2 Jd . per lb ., and , to add to the difficulty of obtaining it , a new regulation has been entered into by the Board of Works , by which the poor creatures on the road arc to receive but sixpence a day subsistence money , until the road

      on which they are employed is completed . On yesterday evening , after arriving in town , I waited on the _dispensary physician , Dr . Donovan , and , while in his house , witnessed _> cenes that would appal the stoutest heart . The door of the hoHse was literally besieged with persons demanding relief , some requiring food to satisfy tbeir immediate necessities , while others were _clamorous for medical relief for some members of their family , who were in a dying state from diseases brought on by want and privations of every description . Some ' few days ago the doctor was waited upon by a man from Windmillhill , who requested hira to visit bis step-daughter , who was unwell . lie complied , and when he went he found the girl stretched on a miserable sop nt straw , alonside a corpse which was green from

      prutrescence , and her hands wrapped in _rasis . Ho asked her if she had fits , as he feared she might have fallen into the fire while in that state , and burned herself , when she replied that she had not , but that she was lying for two days alongside the corpse , and that she found it so , cold she had got up to warm herself , but being weak she fell on the fire , and before she could rise , her hands were burned as he saw them . But this melancholy business did not end here , for the unhappy _step-l ' athor had to take his wile on his back to the Abbey graveyard , where he left her stretched on a tomb-stone , not having sufficient strength tu dis a grave for her , and she was buried next day by a poor labouring man who accidentally passed by . The stepfather returned to his miserable home , and being determined

      tbat his step-daughter at least should be attended to , he also took her on his back , and left her at thc door of the Fever Hospital , when she was taken in and died in half an hour after her reception . These are not isolated cases of distress , for tho whole town and surrounding country teems with similar examples of the . awfully wretched condition of the people . According to arrangement , I this morning waited on the Rev . Mr . FitzpatricU , who kindly promised to take me through the habitations of some of those poor creatures . On arriving at his house , it was with the utmost difficulty 1 obtained admission , through the crowd of destitute men , women , and children who beset tho door . The Rev . Mr . Fitzpatrick having called ono of the must miserable looking out of the crowd , he tottered into thc hall ,

      where he stated hehad two children , and was just recovered from fever . Upon inquiry I found that he and three others had been conhiicel to the same bed , that the other three died , and that he himself while in a raging fever had lcit his bed to solicit relief for his family . I then visited about fifty houses on Windmill-hill , Chapel-lane , High-street , Distillery-lane , and that neighbourhood , and to the hour of my death I will never forget tho misery 1 there witnessed . In tho first liouse , or rather hovel , I entered , there were two persons , one of whom was sick , and two others had already died from the want of sustenance . They had neither furniture nor clothing , the whole having been parted with to meet the _fra-ings of hunger . In the house ' next door four persons had already died from hunger , and there was

      every likelihood that tbe remainder of the family would be shortly carried off . Wc next proceeded to a house in _Chapel-street , and on entering the door the first objects that attracted our attention were 3 children in a state of complete nudity , near a small turf fire , with three or four women nearly in as wretched a condition , while on a table lay the corpse of what had been an able-bodied man , who , on enquiry , we are informed had been employed under the Board of Works , and had died fiMin hardship and cold , not having clothes to cover him from thc inclemency of the weather . On the Windmill-hill thero are 23 small houses , and since the first ot December eighteen deaths took place in them , from mero hunger . In the town of Skihbereen alone 70

      deaths took place since the commencement of the month from hunger also . In passing through thc streets I remarked that all thc tings hnd disappeared which the poor people were so fond of having about their houses , and on making inquiry as to what had become of them , the people said they died of starvation—but from the reluctant manner in which they answered the question , I would almost infer that , horrible as the supposition may be , they had made use of thera as an article ol food . But if tho mortality is great in the town _»> nd neighbourhood , it is equally so in the workhouse , if not to a more fearful extent . There are 97-1 persons at present in that building , of whom 302 are in the hospital , and 183 deaths took place there from the first to the 28 th of December . Dr . Donnovan , in a letter to the Cor * Reporter , under tho heading " Diary of a Dispensary Thy *

      ^M Ireland. State Op Thb Country. The Ac...

      MOian , ; after describing the scenes of misery _whiclx ho _witnessed at . the dispensary on the 28 * h ult , and corroborating the above account from too reporter of thai paper , says : — . ¦ "I now will wind-up my diary of the 20 th with _, the stastics of disease in Bridgetown : in a single _! lane In tiii _*> town . there are 85 cises of fever , -out of a popu ation ot _aliOut _thrt-i hundred * pe « ons . * Ba-V ' ore concluding , I mnst , howovor , give my preface to my ¦ diary ot the 27 th . I was told _thw day by the police that a man had been for days _unburicd in a house on the Windmill ; thero _' one of tbe _. _me'tire . volting scenes lever _witnessed was bofore , me . * & In . a nook' in this miserable cabin Jay , upon a wad - of

      I straw ,-a green and ghastly corpse that had 'bcenf or _fifive days dead , and that was already _emittin ? tho initolerable exhalations of putrefaction . At the _* cot of t this decomposing body lay a girl groaning with pain , and- 'by its side was a boy _. frantic in f < _-ver . Tho wife _of'the deceased _sat-upon tho _filthyfloor-ntupificerfrom ' wanttind % filiction . * I asked her in the name of _'HeaVeri , why _ehe _did'hot- gete hoi- husband burled t Ilervaiiswor was , she _hael-no coffin . I Inquired wh y _sfte dfd not go out to _* Iook for one ? Decency would _notallow her , for she was naked : tho _fewrags that she had after tho fever had rotted off . fand sho hoped that a cofTfti would be her next dross . Tho children have been removed to the Fever Hospital , and aro now rccover _.-ng , "

      fho state of Roscommon , and the rapid increase 0 diseaio and mortality , are described as most deplorableam _heartrenr-in g . aflliS ° — C 0 Ui _* sies tho accounts aro equally County of _SawiT . -State ofthe _Claddagh Fishcrroen .-Un _Jhimsday last the soup-kitchen , which has been m benevolently established at the West Convent tor the relief of tlio destitute poor of Claddagh . was opened When tlie soup was prepared the Very Rev . Mr . _1-olan . and tlie Rev . Mr . Rush _di-tribntcd a sample of the _potape with a biscuit , to each of a few " P , j " rllese _> n _** n _* -tliately gave the word through _Cladd _jgh , when , W hundreds of poor orcatureg rushed in with mugs , < feo ., in their hands , to put in their claim . The rev . gentlemen gave it gratuitously to all who applied . The wretched people don't know how to labour at anything but their fishing

      avocations ; nnd such has been their misery that their nets , _spillavds , _clot-hrm _*** _, bedding , in fact every article that could be either sold or pledged , are all parted with ; so that they hare no other resource hut to starve , unles * , 1 generous public lend a helping hand inthe present emergency : and until it he seen whether the government may n _« t be induced to do _snrnething to place them in a condition , now thatthe _fiihinfir season hits arrived , to fallow their ordinary pursuits . There is a vast mine nf wealth and employment in the bay and _dcep-rea fishery in this district—we believe to a greater extent than in "ny on the const of Ireland—yet not one sin » _le exertion is made in bphalf of a colony of _alwut 3 500 persons exclusively _depend-nt on fishing pursuits for the means of livelihood , and thousands of whom must , inevitabl y perish unlesspromptly placed in a way lor efficiently following their ordinary avocations —Galway

      _Vmdicator . _Codstt of _Kbhrt . —Tralrb . —No less than eight sudden _doaths have occurred wi'hin the last week in this district ; half nf which have been attributed to the effect _* of destitution . —Trahe Chronicle . County of Suoo —Suoo , Jan . 2 . —The condition of the people is b"comine . every hour , more deplorable . The mortality has fearfully increased in the locality of Sligo , and this increase is solely attributable to a want of a sufficiency of food . We are , indeed , but at thc beginning of the horrors ; thc land is untilleri \ the peasantry have not means to sow the seed , nor time to devote to that purpose , the home supply of grain is fast diminishing ; the supply brousht from foreign eountri- s is wholly inadequate to meet the demand , the price of food is hourly increasing , and judging from the aspect of thing * , we havo not one , but many years of famine before us . —Sligo Champion .

      Statr of tub _North-wrst op Ireland . —Tho Londonderry Journal states that the destitution which _prevails throughout the whole of the north-west district is deplorable in the extreme . There is scarcely a parish which there are not hundreds of families who are in writhing in tho agonies of famine . The same unvarying _tnle of unmitigated misery is repeated by ' all the journals of tho district—those of Ballyshannon , Enniskillen , Armagh , and _Omagh . Even in this city there occur , as tho members of tho Relief Committee can attest , the roost harrowing scenrs , arising from want of food . t Tho whole district , in short—though it may not include a Skihbereen or a Castlebar—appears to he suffering fully as much as those which are further south .

      OCTIiRKAK IS KII _. KRJINT . The Kilkenny Journal contains the following ac ** count of a formidable disturbance at tho workhouse . Kilkenny , Jan . 2 .- Riots at TnB _Poobhousk . —On Thursday , during the sitting of the board , some very serious disturbances , and which threatened to have a fatal result , took placo at the _poorhouso . The crush was so great at thi * time the _externs were being admitted todinner , that ono woman was very seriously injured , and was only saved from being crushed to death by Alderman Smithvrick and some others of the _guardians . At five o ' clock a large number of men , about three or four hundred , most of whom were labourers , and persons not entitled to _reliot _" , assembled at the gate , and _elamormi _** ly demanded

      admission . They were told that they could receive no dinner , as the hour was past , but the gate having been opened to allow egress to some women who had been delivering milk , thoy rushed in in a body , but were prevented from entering tho frontdoor until it was secured . Fonr shots were , thereupon , fired within the poorhon . ie _groand ; thc head constable hastened to the spot from whence tho smoke proceeded . but did not succeed in seizing the perpetrators , though he saw one man escape over the wall . During this interval the mob succeeded in forcing open the door of the porter ' s lodge , and subsequently that of the dining hall , but were prevented from pro * eeeding further by the sal / ant resistance of the master , armed with a stick—of thc porter , armed

      with a bayonet—and , much to their credit , of some of the pauper inmates of the house . Intelligence of this having been brought to head constable Lynn , ho hastened in , ami the combined force , notwithstanding a violent shower of stones , which continued without _intevmv-sion fov some minutes , charged the mob , and put tliem to the route at the point of the sword , bayonet , and shillelagh , forcing them over tbe inner yard walls , and finally succeeded in _expel-ing them from the premises , and securing the outer gate . A tremendous volley of stones was then poured in from the _# nad by the mob , and they left , vociferating that they wonld sack the town . Coming down John

      Street , they called at some houses , but we have not hearel of any damage done . At Mr . Dunphy ' s ( in-High Street , they called a halt , ami clamoured for bread , but , as we understand , were deterred from violence bv the sight of Mr . Dunphy ' s blunderbuss . Mr . Winslow was soon on the spot , with the police force ; but before his arrival tho mob had dispersed . On the previous night a similar mob made a violent entry into the poorhouse . and succeeded in forcing dinner . To make this matter the more outrageous , they were people principally in omploymcnt , and not fit objects for gratuitous relief , for all the holders of tickets had regularly been feed each day .

      The number of inmates in the house last Saturday week was 1 , 42 G Discharged during the _w-ek , 60 ; died , 9 ; admitted during the same period , 176 . Thero were in tbe hospital 250 , of which upwards of 100 were fever cases . This number admitted this day was 100 ; rejected 10 . The amount of rent paid in during the week wns £ 20 ls . id . ; remaining uncollected . £ 902 13 s . 4 'l .: balance in bank pi \ _6 s-hook _against the honso , £ 37 0 s . 7 d .

      county of _MS'TRIU . Deaths from Starvation . —Wc had no idea , prior to the last ten days , of the destituto _situation of the county of Leitrim . Thc poor classes ,, _sie-tierally speaking , aro in such a slate of _destliution , that death every day seijes its victim . In some few _ca-os —• comparatively very few—inquest * -, have been held . On the ISth instant , an inquest was held mi the remains of Thomas Kiernan , wW _re-sided near Leitrim . Verdict— " Died for want of noiirislimeni _* . _" It was deposed that tho _nvsvn had not eaten

      food from the 14 th , except a little stirabout . On the 19 th ult . an inquest was held near Drumsna . on thc body of James Byrne . It appeared that the * tieceased had only once tasted food for the- last three days . Onr correspondent adds , that tlie people who tiro living in remote places arc now so . familiarised with hunger , disease , and death , that within a few hours after _dissolution thu bodies are quietly deposited in the grave-yards . A great many farmers in the county of Leitrim are said to have a uood stork of potatoes in reserve for seed . —ii > J "; MAa ; . iie )> i Herald .

      Dkmasd tor _FinK-AnMS . _*—We regret lo sUte that tho demand for tire-snns is increasing throughout this county . The regular vendors of these coveted implements of destruction are unable to keep pace with the influx of custom , and auctioneers find it an easy matter to dispose of whole chests nt a lair or market . Last week a travelling hawker appeared in the market ot _Di-onmre with a eartlnad of guns , _blnmlerbussi-s _, pi .-tols of various sizes , bullet moulds , and caps , with all the necessary materials l \> r slaughter , which he soon disposed of ti the lower orders of the people , among whom thc competition ran high as the sale of the attimetive toys drew near a close . The gun merchants in ( his town state that they find it exceedingly difficult to keep up a regular supply of the _va-rim . 18 articles in thu trade— Tyrone

      Constitution . spbkad of _diskasb . _, _Feveris rapidly extending its ravages even 111 the metropolis . The Cork-street hospital , one of the largest establishments ofits kind in Ireland , is literally crammed with patients , to such a degree of in . convenience , indeed , that the _g-. vemors have given directions to have temporary _builduifis—if sheds or tents can be so called—prepared for the reception of the numerous patients for whom there is no accommodation within doors . The statu of the Meath and Richmond hospitals is equally deplorablo , and the _accountairom all parts ot the country represent disease and destitution pro * ceeding at aa equal pace . „\ '

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Jan. 9, 1847, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_09011847/page/7/