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Northern Star (1837-1852), 8th January 1848, Edition 3 of 3, Page 3, "On the Reduction of Wages: Its cause an...

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      ^Ab Y 8, 1848. ^ ^S^,,^^ The Not Gffirff...

      _^ _ab y 8 , 1848 . _^ _^ _s _^ _,, _^^ THE NOT _gffiRff STAR 3

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      _goetrp .

      ^, ^ N_R-—I-Ii — — If- R--— 1. .Ri - — —...

      _^ , _^ n _ r- —i-ii — — if- _r-- — 1 . . ri - — — , _—~ — — " — i _^ i ~ _- ~ ii- — _"l" ~ ** -- _^ _DSI NEWS FROM MEXICO . . _ _jhe _PartiDiLreu _Satcedat _Cocairx . ) ( tff _'"' . aen _, in thy lonely bower . * _p _^ rt away that tear and sigh ; « _# « > _fcr , Iji 8 Ji _Tory ' s hour , — _' _gjfe ' _ethe story , willyoubuy ? , boUg h thine eyes may dimmer shine , _Aaj thy cheek ' s _lait roses _wane _^ ! _^{ iM lover ' s more thaa thine . i " nitas 16 _^ atta waned upon the plain ! > _ flti f Einember , _famn _suolimes l rtery tortnre he could know :

      i -jtra _Ledgsr , Sun , and Time * , j _ytest mews from Mexico 1 I tftiatled sire end matron grey , i , st jour gladdest looks be on j I . _^ _pjeurpaUied hands to-day , a _gjre ' s a battle fought and wob . 9 _-it , jour hands and shout for joya _ftke the piper—read and see 1 _g , f your noble hearted boy _Tc ' ag ht and fell for victory ! I . . _^ member , fame sublimes 1 pay tartars he could know ; I -. _^ Ledger Sun and Times , j _^ _ttst ' news fcom . Mexico I

      _tfcfflca , working , pale _an _^ _gad , _ff _jib your children round your knee , _pjjp the needle aHd be glad , Stop and read the victory—Clap J onr orphans close snd wen , _f & _ke the paper—read his name go * ia foreign clime * he _fellpougbt and fell , and all for fame ! _Xfcey will tell you this sublimes _2 « ry torture jou can know ; _SririLcdger , Sun , and Timet , - "; - _Lsteit news from Mexico 1 _m oy country ! is it well

      g ? Ttst you wear the mark of Cain * _2 S jitj " ' gainst the oppressor fell _s | n ; 3 not say _« O ppress again . ' 51 fr _ts : tl _^* w _of jours which falls—* | _s It ffisy fail or m * y _succeed—W II < _# hovels and onr halls ' M _Cosidsse hearts at home must _blesd ! 0 Bstrt _^ _w jou say sublime * t _2 S _* torture we can know ; _M _Txribedger , San , and Times , | _? _Lsttst news frem Mexico I _| S A _Hisaa .

      * _iDI _Wisaa iu lHjs _axiiv _iiiiri . I 3 } SUIH _?***» , ' The Irish Girl . ' % _^ j ; T o 3 ! Trelcome to thee , infant year—% _Tst , s » l 5 r _* _et thee , oh ! thou shronded one , i I oast W _fi _^ h away a starting tear ; " _^ _y _^ falls a tribute to the year that ' s gone ; _i I _ksDf ii * secrets—thine are _uureveal'd _, f la ot- _^ _J hidden from the human eye ; _xis n _^ bty ruler of events hath sealed , I _Tfcffittire . Tet we'll meet it trustingly-. : liiB , lit mo take another _Hog'riDg _gacs _i t _= _» P scenes—scenes to this bosom dear ; _> - la , ia retracing now each chequered mass , - Ifcrou _inwhich I ' ve wander'd in tha by-gone year , - - I bk : _tfith many a dear familiar brow , _WMehglssden'd oft this heart to gaze upon , With _rthsa I meet not , save ia vision sow ,

      _Forsoae sre distant—some , alas ! are gone _Dotra to the grave : hut those I hope are blest , _Eelsssea for ever from a -world of care , _Fsliebwd can sting no more the trusting breast ; 5 ot tesppointment ' * canker worm live there . An 3 tbe dear absent , oh I how of : I dwell _imonest them—meet each smile as they once r / stilrality _diisolres the spell , Which from the present , had my spirit wiled . _Farese !! , old year ! yet even should I Sad In thy successor joys in thee uafound , Hy tearful _; aze shall linger oft behind ; 0 er T _^ _aay a bright _epot oa thy shadowy ground . Tis tins , ths cup I drank with tiee was fraught With many a bitter drop , jet oft the taste A _fconieS potUn in that chaliee caught , Which all remembrance of the gall effaced .

      Farewell ! and now all hail to thee , young year—Wilt bast thon for me ia thy mystic store ? CcraJu I _upraise the veil how would appear , Thepatii my fest are fated to explore f _Perebance a rugged steep with thorns o ' er grown , Or _thoumaj ' st hold a SBnny vale for me ; Ortrinj £ _grave : those secrets are unknown , Tet _jojont ia each hope , we welcome thee . WeVa spared to see thy birth yonnp ' 48—« _IuSaite _itfciiom eball _direet the rest ; Bat , oa ! ia 3 y those who ' ve been the sport of fate , In ties forget their sorrows and be blest , Ab 3 mach of happiness bring thou to those , Hy own esteemed ones , be they far or near . To all I lore , bring joy—to friends and fo 4 B , With Ell ny heart , I wish a happy year _.

      §S Njiij Rf Oar Fiends Will Remember ' T...

      § s njiij rf oar _fiends will remember ' the Irish [ -Si " , i _^ _sa poetry we introiuced te our readers _IbU-W to 8 of the' ¦ Bnrns _Fesfrral . * Miss _Par-ISfisiWK _^ _' the metropolis , and has favoured li _« ui * > _tefo 31 o ' " _orifiinal lines . ] _^

      Gubisto*

      _gubisto *

      Eee Iakturer, A Monthly Magazine Of Pott...

      EEE IAKtURER , A Monthly Magazine of _Pott ~ . ties , literature , Poetry , & c . Edited by Feargus / O'Connor , Esq .., M . P .. andErnest Jones , Ksq ., _Lonr ? doa : _Northern Star Office , 16 , Great Windmill _i- ' street , Haymarket . _iliennmbgrfor January is the firs 4 of the third n _) me of this _Magazme _' for the _Milliens ; and an _ianir & We number it is . The contents are all of _fjiiriing stuff , ' and a fine democratic spirit pervades £ T 3 ; pase _, from first to last . As usual , the number _isoja-td with a poem by Ernest Jones , entitled'The _Eb-tii ! of tbe year ( 1 S 47 ) , and its Epi taph . * We _exfest tie 'Ep _' itsph , ' which is something like a _Sci / i grace , rather of the lengthiest , but which we _? _£ . _•; ssy will not be deemed too long by most of oar

      THE EPITAPH . _HKiits entombed another Christian year , Ssi to -monopoly , to ruin dear ; _Swrintreu—aad far corruption spread _^ _* - _* _Kpj her saiafs , and _freeoom counts his dead ; _r .-: 3 C 3 a ; ht her dnpes , and fiery-banded strife _fysii _inj purple sanctuary of life : r ' -: " = r _AiBEriCa—on Asia's plain , _% re _Sutlej fits his monarch for the _main—^« ' a _A-las fo-jt—on steppes of Galilee—~ 517 . _-. 1 ftiae IsleE : no more Fatffic Sea *

      _; _it-oa | b _SiMs of Spain—oa Lusitania ' s strand , : _^ : sre _msn ' s unworthy of so fair a land ;—I ""fere Italy beneath her sun turns cold , _^ jaacb oar modern Neros pass the old;—" _Kreiongb freebooters hold tbe wrested cape , \ _hi _caloniis tatir parents * vices ape ; _^ in m ; n indignant at _subjectioa dwell _^ 3 the mountain _' monuments of Tell ; _""iae Poland proves bineath oppression ' s length , : _•* _irait ' a weakness and a people ' s streDgth ; _Jtsrs ' sr their maker ' s liriag image trod , ir Si Christians have re-erneified their God .

      P" J £ _» r ! old year 2 thy sins are grave and deep . _W _* _Biu th y tomb , unquiet ghost ! and sleep . _kiihere , where tyrannies so longer dare _" Krifce ia daylight , yet refuse to sparel l"t , as Mahomet bade heaven ' s host descend , _ftrsird the fields that man could not defend : j ?« the Lord ' s vast angel came to smite _% A _drians , trembling Israel feared to fight : " -: Je modern statesmen , with infernal spell , _fcjere the _Mack-wieged armaments of hell , _•^ _-i where they fail with red destruction ' s hand , _* _--rplagne _andfamine on a ravished land ; i : a , rich ia rain , faction ' s rampant slaves , _^^ _"pEn their _bsyanets on _Ireland ' s graves ! _*~ ? her stren _? heart to death , BBd—easy strife ! _^ the dead fo ? they dared not face In life ; -. from the Hig hlands drive the starving clan , _^ i tend the red-deer through the homes of man ;

      _S _^ hen his veins are drained by Mammon dry , _Hfc the 'free Briton ' on the streets to die I _"^• _t ' er ri ght sinks ' neath power ' s relentless hate , _^ _rariew " the Chrl * tiaa work of cbnrch and state , j _^ _iUteman strikes the blow in cunning's prime , ¦ _" - _'ttaal churchmen consecrate the crime . _^ _JWr . ' old year ! tby sins are grare and deep . _¦^ ia th y tomb , unquiet ghost ? and sleep _, _i _^* b _» v fattened oa corrnption ' 6 pay , _^ - _"pe-sick clients slowly p ine sway ; ' * _- _^ ih hare tasked in ministerial grace _^ _renchisejj t i > prored another name for plsce !' _^• •« thepoor man ' s gold their luxury fed , j _^ Jurcd Dpc . _^ _g dying and tbe dead . _^' £ 0 _l 5 _Ereioll of criminals- of those _,. 'fck the wrong means to defeat their foes ; : };;¦ _$ _jutt their punishment , no laws can reach _V- _^ _sn whose evil statutes evil teach .

      j _" ; Cjn of potvtr , who steals the poor man ' s meal , _v _*» ha S taught the hungry elate to steal ; « : _^ Jtffi . ' _"d with legal murder's stain _, _•(^ k _^ _ee-wakes revenge to strike 8 gain . f . _^ _"t what the people ' s wrath has done : 'it ' t ? , 0 1 _« aad to the People ' s one . lv _* ilof anarch y I— "When honest toil y _^ a D ! lt tkat idleness may reap the spoil % t ; : _R-f . ' S _iaWE 2 re DOt alIoH € d t 0 P » J _^ . . . '« tamed a desert to the massij _; ' * . trne anarchy—the rule of kings , 4 _l ' _^ diers , and _allcrafty things . j _< _, _y ' _anfiplead in human nature ' s cause 1 ¦ i _^ _T * ' _^/ _fPrfoo of unequal lavs , ' _^ tM _™' tremble Proud oppressors ! psle ! _^ si « at large ; the belter man in gaol . I .. '" Cry 1 _snfl _Jji-na-e ! - hCICBrp ?

      \ l . _Pwper—you have labour ' s share . _I ' _-Y _^ nce ! and break thy useless blade , ' * Jtr now _bacricals tit lis trade .

      Eee Iakturer, A Monthly Magazine Of Pott...

      aw w sue uuioa , _wncrs » nt poor uq _Sflronjeq , And kneel for pardon to the mea jou _wrohgefl Go to the _eeares where cold y « ur _rlctlmi lie , ' And k & etl for psrdoa to your God on high , Agein twelve months of anarchy hare passed Too foal to bear , and _thsnee too foal te last . ' Old _yesr ! old year ! thy tins aro grave and deep , Down in thy tomb , unquiet ghost , and sleep . Pause , reader ! pause ; _tfcatside the shaaow lies Bat turn on this as well thine equal eyes . ' This year has stirred the nations far and wide And woke in slavery ' s heart a manl y pride * Hark to the clank of chains , as yet _untora ' Bat not as erst in tama _soplnsness worn '

      As break the rivers at the thaw-winds * call The icy bandage of their wintry thrall , Aad _fiash their waves in volumes va « alonir Sounding through many lands tfa _« Self . _lame _BODe-So one great pulse in nations' hearts has wrought Beating harmonious to the self-same thought ' Old rivals now no longer look askance , But England holds the olive branch to France The Teuton walks the Rhiae ' _s contested strand , Kor f * ars the Lurlel _' _s _BWaH . _eclipsinfi haud : The Celt and Saxon meet no more as foes But twine the hardy shamrock round the rose ; And bigotry , oppression ' s bitterest rod , Sinks fast before the ennobling thought of God . * All men are brethren ! ' hew the watchwords run !

      And when men act as such , then freedom ' s won . Old year ! old year , sleep peaceful in thy grave , Thou earnest to teach , to punish , and > o save . The many claims upon our columns prevent us giving the very excellent ' New Tear ' s Address * ef the editors to their readers . The ninth chapter of tha 'Insurrections of the Working Classes , ' details the struggles of the men of Kent and Essex , and presents a graphic picture of Wat Tyler ' s insurrection . We trust to see the day when the municipal government of London , Bball be elected by the

      people of the city , when of course the democratic municipality trill tear Walworth ' s bloody dagger from the city ehield . We have no doubt , too , that the time will come , when a fitting monument will rear its head in Smithfield , to commemorate the heroic patriotism and martyrdom of the brave Wat Tyler . An excellent article on the Land Pian , in reply to certain stupid strictures of the Messrs Chambers , by * Pro Pfltria' of Aberdeen , is well worth reading . The article waa sent to ns for publication in the Stab , but not having room for it we handed it over to Mr Jones , who _hasifound a niche for it in the

      LaI _3 UKEB . Poland is well represented in the 'Romance of a People , ' and the review of Krasinski ' s " extraordinary work 'The Infernal Comedy . ' The 'Poor Man ' s Legal Manual' er . olains the 'Law relating to voters for Members of Parliament . ' Lastly we must express our approval of a well-timed and well-written _articlfifrom which we quote the author ' s suggestions , for reorganising and establishing Ona NAiioKAt _DEMKets . I , i _?« tore to tit People the Land . Wise was the fable of * Hercules and the Giant , ' When the latter embraced tbe sell , he w « s _stresg—when separated from it , weak . Thus a people is ever weak , when it is deprived of its in . heritance—the Land , Every man who has a cottage and laud of his own to defend , will make a good soldier to meet an invasion . Give htm a musket over his fireplace , and make his country—to him—worth defendiog , be assured he will defend it .

      II . _Takn the working-man out ef the clutches of a task-masker—not alone hy opening the resources of tha land—but by _destroying tbe unconstitutional power of factory despots ; by punishing , in reality , the fraudb practised by the _trnck-syttem , which still exists , despite law ; and , by repealing other _meBStrosities , open an opportunity frr the independent _indnairy of the worklog-man , _abregatiog those monopolies of trade which h _^ ve so long existed , and which mis-named free-trade has consecrated anew . Secure a fair day ' s wage for a fair day ' s work , ' by thus relieving the labour market from its competitive reserve , and you wtirrestore strength to the frame , and vigour to the intellect of our national defences .

      III Give the people the franchise : give them their right . A slave never makes a good toldier , he only siakes a good _raaehine . They -will then feel their dignity as English citizens , their thoughts will be raised , and you will restore tbat gallant spirit , the loss of which you have affected to deplore . IT . Train the people to the use of arms . This you fear ; but yoa need never have dreaded the people had yon never _injured them . Do these these things , we say to government , and you will have such an army , as would terrify the invaders from onr shores . * * * The approaching _Coxckss of Nations , by ratifying the League of the people against the conspiracy of kings , will prove the best safeguard of international peace . This magazine should be the monthly visitor to the home of every Labourer .

      Eowitt's Journal, Part Xii. London: W. L...

      Eowitt ' s Journal , Part XII . London : W . Lovett , 174 . Strand . This part concludes the second volume of this Journal , which though containing some things we do not greatly admire , contains also much that warrants as wishing the proprietors success in their efforts to instruct , entertain , and advance the interests of the millions . The present part contains several interesting articles by the editors and their assistant contributors . A criticism on ' Emerson ' s Lectures' is accompanied by a portrait of that celebrated character . Tha projected emigration of the Icarian Communists is noticed in one of the numbers of this part . From an address by M . Cabet to bis disciples , we give the following extract ;—

      This is not to be a partial essay , nor a small emigration , for if onr calculation does not deceive ns , we may count on from 10 to 20 . 000 IeariaBS able te go and _destrons of going , as an army of workmen of all professions , who will establish a people aHd a aatlon . It will not be a mob without ideas , induced by misery and the wish ef bettering their personal condition ; they will be workmen full of heart , intelligence , and iastruc . tion , men chosen , examined , and proved , guided by one faith , warmed by one devotion and one enthusiasm . During the time necessary for the preparations far the first departure we will examine the necessary questions , and having called to our _aesis'anee the council and ex . perience of all the friends of humanity , we shall go with a plan prepared and perfected beforehand .

      Nothing will be the result of chance—each for all , all for each , from everyone according to his means , to every one _accordlne to his need—first , thai which is necessary , next that which is useful , afterwards that which is agreeable , without other limits than those of reason , equality , and possibility . The strangest objection made to our plan is—how can you graft a new state of society npon the old one , _resisting all that is opposed to its prejudices and customs ? This objection will not esist with us ; there will not be any obstacle to our commencing everything on the mest perfect system which modern scitnee can offer to us ; the plans and positions of our roads , towns and _manufactorie . « , will be laid out from the beginning in tho most advantageous manner ; we shall aim at perfection in our workshops , our _dwellings , furalture , clothing—in fact in everything .

      Forthe instruction of the adults , there will be perfect liberty of meetiBg and of discussion ; all the professors , beokB , and journals necessary ; as to . the education of the children , we shall prove what can be done with the intelli gence and heart of _insn by communist teachers , having the best methods of teaching , and all possible means of rendering study agreeable end education perfect . Our opponents tell ns , that without inequality of fortunes , witboutindividual property , _unlimited and hereditary , without emulatien , a state of communism would be a state of servitude , misery , and barbarism . We deny it ; it is _re-asserted—the denial is repeated . This might go on for ever , but for the future we will not have as . _sertions , denials , or discussions . We will prove and manifest the truth by experiment . Let those who are doubtful wait tbe result .

      In Ieane the domestic ties , and first of all marriage , exist in all their purity and all their force , which will be self derived , and not depending on , extraneous aid ; there will not he any marriage portions , nor any forced celibacy . Woman will be established in all her rights snd dignity . There _wlU aot exist either slavery or domestic _servllade perfect democracy , with _uaivereal suffrage . The _Icarianswill not on any pretext carry war into their neighbour ' s home , consequently tbey will not know or need to know _anythhag of tbe _tailitary servitude . The love of their independence , institutions , and country will cause them to be prepared to defend _themselres from any aggression ; that this defence may be the best possible , all the male citizens will be armed and disciplined . There , machinery will be the _friead of the workers : labour will by all possible means be divested of danger and excessive _fatigue , and rendered attractive ; the fine arts carried to the greatest degree of perfection .

      I Though we have the highest respect for the motivesof M . Cabet , we must express our unqualified dissent from his emigration scheme . _Should he remove ten , twenty , fifty or a hundred thousand individuals frcm France , aad should all his calculations prove to have been well founded , and all his hopes he realised , what wiil he have done for the masses of France who cannot fly from their country ? We assert it tO berthe duty of all honest reformers to stay at home and fight out the battle of _hhsiir's emancipation . It is treason for a few to selfishly seek their own happiness , leaving millions to remain in hopeless misery and despairing slavery . We say to the real Reformers of France , stay at home and re _ieem your country . If t ! : ere must be emigration , make the robbers and idlers _emigratet Drive out the drones and the bees will thrive .

      "On The Reduction Of Wages: Its Cause An...

      "On the Reduction of Wages : Its cause and _ejfects . By Robert Burrell . London : J- Watson , S , Queen ' s Head Passage , Paternoster-row . Mr Burrell is well and favourably known as one of the most clear-headed and soond-thinking" of the soojs of labour . lie has before now done good service in labour ' s cause , and the tract before us forms an addition to his claims on the gratitude of his order . We heartily recommend this tract to the

      "On The Reduction Of Wages: Its Cause An...

      _ffMk jP _gclasses , ana _^ _ruftlSTn _^ rei _^^ ra | e t < _^' complete the series in which he proposes to unfold the vnrioua _cansea which are continually in operation ta _. impoverisb / ahd degrade the producer * of wealth .

      The Annual Black Book And Political Alma...

      The Annual Black Book and Political Almanack for 18 dS . By R . J . Richardson . The Blue Book of the Commons . By R . J . Richardson . London : Watson , Queen's Head Passage , Paternoster-row . Manchester : Hey wood , Oldham-street . The first of these publications contains in addition to the usual contents of an Almanack , an account of the _salarieE _^ ensions , sinecures , emoluments , places , annuities , privileges , and powers , of the Array , Navy , Church , Law Courts , Civil List , Courts of Commission , & c . the ' Debt , ' < fee . Every page teems with information which every tax-payer should be acquainted with .

      The second of these publications is an analysis of the members returned at the general election in 1847 ; and exposes the placemen , pensioners , officers of the army , navy , courts of law , and the law church , with their political classification , family connexions , and amount of money received by tbem out of the public taxe ? . This is a very useful little book .

      The Purgatory Of Suicides , A Prison Rhy...

      The Purgatory of Suicides , a Prison Rhyme . By Thomas Cooper , the Chartist . London : J . Watson , 3 , Queen's Head Passage , Paternoster-row . Parts 2 and 3 of Mr Cooper ' s well-known poem , very neatly and cheaply got up .

      Thehepullican. We Have Received Nos. 2 A...

      TheHepullican . We have received Nos . 2 and 3 of this publication ; will the editor seed No . 1 ?

      United States. The President's Message. ...

      UNITED STATES . THE PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE . The following are the moBt important passages ef the President's Message , delivered to both Houses _ol Congress , on Tuesday , 7 th December : — Fellow Citizens of the Sehate _, aud 01 the _hoosb of _repaksektativeb . The Auaual meeting of Congress is always an interesting event . Tbe _representatives of the States and ot tbe people come fresh from their constituents to take counsel together for the common good . After an existence of near three-fourths of a century as a free and independent Republic , the problem _rtmsius no longer to

      be solved , whether a man is capable of self-government . The success of our admirable system is a conclusive refutation of the theories of those in other countries who maintain that ' a favoured few' are born to rule , and tbat tbo mass of mankind must be governed by force . Subject to no arbitrary or hereditary authority , the peo . pie are _theoaly sovereigns recognised by our constitution . Numerous emigrants of every lineage and language , at . traded by the civil and religious freedem we enjoy , and by our happy condition , annuall y crowd to our shores , and transfer their heart , not less than their allegiance , to tbe country whese dominion alone belongs to the people .

      Daring the past year the most gratifying proofs are presented that our country has been blessed with a wide spread and universal pnxperity . There had heen no period since the government was founded , when all tbe industrial pursuits of our people have been more ' _succeas . ful , or whin labour in all branches of business has teceived a fairer or better reward . From our abundance we have been enabled to perform the pleasing duty of furnishing food for the starving millions of less favoured countries . In the enjoyment of tbe bounties of Providence at home , snch as have rarely fallen to the lot of any people , it is cause of cougratulation , tbat our intercourse with all tbe powers of tbe eartb , except Mexico , continues to be of an amicable character . It has ever been our cherished policy to cultivate peace and good-will with all nations ; aad tbis policy has been steadily pursued by me _.

      THE WAS IN MEXICO . No change has taken place iu our relations with Mexico since the _adj-rarnmeat of the last Congress . The war in which the United States were forced to engage with the government of that country still _continues , I deem it unnecessary , after the full exposition of them contained ia my _message of the eleventh of Hay , 1846 and in my -annual message at the commencement of the session of Congress in December laBt , to reittrate the serious _causeft of complaint wWcli -we bad ' _spainst _ifexico before she commenced _hostlllties _.

      The rapid and brilliant _succeBsef our arms , and the vast extent of the enemy ' s territory which has been over _, run and conquered , before the close of the last session of Congress , were fally known to tbat body . Since tbat time , tbs war has been prosecuted with increased energy , end I am gratified to state with a success which com . mauds universal admiration . HMory presents no parallel of so many glorious victories achieved by any nation witbiu so short a period . Our army , regulars and volunteers , have covered themselves with imperishable honours . Whenever and wherever our forces ba ? e encountered the eaemy , though he was in vastly superior numbers , and often entrenched in fortified positions of his own selection , and of great strength , he has heen defeated . Top much praise cannot be bestowed upon our officers and men , regulars and volunteers , for tbeir gallantry , discipline , and indomitable courago and per . severance all seeking the post of danger , and vicing with each other in deeds of noble daring _.

      It is well-known that tbe only indemnity which it is in the power of Mexico to make , in satisfaction of the just and long defeired claims of our citizens against her , and the only means by which sbe can reimburse tbe United States is by a portion of her territory . _BIt-xico has bo money to pay , and no other means of making the required indemnity . If we refuse this , wecanob . tain nothing else . To reject indemnity , by refusing to accept a _teasion of territory , would be to abandon all our just demands , and to wage the war , bearing all its expenses , without & purpose or definite object .

      That Congress contemplated the acquisition of territorial indemnity when that body made provision for the prosecution of the war , is _obvious . Congress conld not have meant— when , in May , 1816 , thry appropriated ten millions of dollars , and authorised tbe President to em . p loy tbe militia and naval and military forces of the United States , aad to accept the services of fifty thou _, sand volunteers , to enable him to prosecute the war , and when , at tbeir last session , and after our _srmy had invaded Mexico , they made additional appropriations and authorised the raising of additional troops forthe same purpose—that no indemnity was to bo obtained from Mexico at the conclusion of the war ; and yet it was _ci-r . tain that , if no Mexican territory was acquired , no indemnity could be obtained .

      Itisfurther manifest _thatCongresscontemplated territorial indemnity , from the fact tbat at their last session , au act was passed , upon the executive recommendation , appropriating three millions ef dollars with that express object . * * * The doctrine of no territory is the doctrine of no indemnity ; and , if sanctioned , would be a pubiic acknowledgment that OUr Country was wrong , and that the war declared by Congress with extraordinary unanimity , was unjust , and should be abandoned ; an admission un . founded in fact , snd degrading to tho national character . The terms of the treaty proposed by tho United States were not only just to Mexico , but _considering the c )? a . _racter and amount of our claims , the unjustifiable and unprovoked commencement of hostilities by her , the _expensesof tbe war to which we have been subjected , and tbe success which had attended our arms , were deemBd to be of a most liberal character .

      The Commissioner of tht United States was authorised to agree to the establishment of the Rio Grande as the beundary , from its entrance into the Gulf to its intersection with the southern boundary of New Mexico , in north latitude about thirty-two degrees , and to obtain a cession to the United States of the provinces of New Mexico and the _Californins , and the privilege of tbe right ef way across the isthmus of Tehuantepec . The boundary of the Rio Grande , and the cession to the United States of New Mexico and Upper California , constituted an ultimatum which our Commissioner was , under _nQcircumstaacsS _, to yield ,

      Tbat it might be manifest not only to Jfoxico , to hut all other nations , tbat tbe United States wero not disposed to take advantage of a feeble power by insisting upon wresting from her all the other provinces , including many of her principal towns and cities , which we had conquered and held in onr military occupation , but were willing to conclude a treaty In a spirit of liberality , our Commissioner was authorised to stipulate for the restoration to Mexico of all our other conquests . As tbe territory to be acquired by the boundary proposed may be estimated to be of greater value than a fair equivalent to your just demands , our Commissioner was authorised to stipulate for the payment of such additional pecuniary consideration as was deemed reasonable ,

      It is manifest to all who have observed the actual condition of the Mexican government for soma years past , and at present , that if those provinces should be retained by ber , sbe could uot long continue to hold and govern tbem , Jfexieo is too feeble a power t _3 govern these provinces , lying as they do at a distance of more than a thousand miles from ber capitnl , ' and if attempted to be retained by her , they will constitute even but for a short time , even nominally , a part of her dominions . Tbis would be especially the case with Upper California . The sagacity bfpo werful European nations : _has , _Jocg since , directed their '' attention to the commercial

      importance : of that province , and there can be little doubt that tbe rooment tbo . United States & hall relinquish theirpment occupation-of it and their claim to It as indemnity , aa effort would be made by some foreign power to possess it , either _^ conquest or by purchase . If no foreign government should acquire it in either of these modes , an _independent revolutionary _government would probably be established by tbo inhabitants , and such foreigners as _mayremain-ln or ' removo to _tliecountrv as soon as it shall ba known that tbe United States havo abandoned it . Such a government would be too feeble long to maintain its separate independent extf-

      United States. The President's Message. ...

      ence , and would finally beoorae annexed to , or bo a dependent eoloay of , some inoro powerful State Should any foreign government attempt to possess it as a colony ; or otherwise to Incorporate it with itself , tbe principle avowed by the President _Munroa , In 1824 , and reafiSrmed In my _fij-st annual message , that no foreign power _shaU , with our consent , be permitted to plant or establish a new colony or dominion on any part of the North American continent , must be maintained . In maintaining this principle , and in resisting Its inva _* _slon by any foreign power , we might be involved in other wars , more expensive , and more difficult than that in which we are now engaged _.

      The provinces of New Mexico and the _Callfomias are contiguous to the territories of the United States , and if brought under tbe government of our laws , their resources—mineral , ngricul ur-1 , manufacturing , and commercial—would soon he developed , Upper California is bounded on the north by our Oregon possessions , and if held by _theUBitedStates , would Boon be settled b y a hardy , enterprising , and intelligent portion of our population . The bay of St Francisco and other harbours along the _Californlan coast , would afford shelter for our navy , for our numerous whale ships , and other merchant vessels employed in the Pacific ocean , and would in a short period become the marts of an extensive and profitable _commerce with China , and ether countries of the East .

      These advantages , in which the whole _commercial world would partieipito , would at oneo be secured to the United States b y the cession of this territory ; while it is certain that as long as it remains a part ef the Mexican domions they can bo enjoyed neither by Mexico _berselj , nor any other natioD . New Mexico is a frontier province , and has never been of any considerable value to Mexico . From ltd lo . cality it is naturally connected with our western settlements . The territorial limits of the State of Texas , too , as defined by her laws , before her admission into our Union , embrace all tbat portion of New Mexico lying east of the Rio Grande , while Mexico still claims to held this territory as a part of her dominions . The adjustment of this _qucstienof boundary is important .

      These were the leading considerations which induced me to authorise the terms of peace which were proposed to Mexico . Thf-y were rejected , and _negoclatlons boing at an end , hostilities were renewed . An assault was made by our gallant army upon the strongly fortified places near the gates of the city of Mexico , and upon the city itself , and , after several days of severe conflict , the Mexican forces , vastly superior in number to our own , were driven from tho eity _, and it was _occupied by our troops . * * * Since the liberal proposition of the United States was authorised to be made in April last , large expenditures have been incurred , and the precious blood of many of our patriotic fellow citizens has been shed in the prosecution of the war . This consideration , and the _obstinate perseverance of Mexico In protracting the war , must influence the terms of peace which it may be deemed proper hereafter to accept .

      Oar armies having bern everywhere victorious , having subjected to our military occupation a large portion of the enemy's country , including his capital , and negociations for peace having failed , the important questions arise—in what manner the war Is to be prosecuted ; and what should be our future policy ! I cannot doubt that we ehould _oicure and render available the conquests which we have already made ; and tbat , with this view , we should hold and occupy , by our naval and military forceB , all the ports , towns , cities , and provinces bow in our occupation , or which may hereafter fall into our possession " ; tbat we should press forward our military occupations , and levy such military contributions oh the enemy as may , as far as practicable , defray the future expenses of the war ,

      Had the governraentef Mexico acceded to the equitable and liberal terms proposed , that mode of adjustment would have betn " preferred . Mexico having declined to do this , and failed to eficr any other terms which could be accepted by the United States , national honour , no less than the public interests , requires that the war should be prosecuted with _inc-eased energy and power until a just and satisfactory peace can be obtained , In the meantime , as Mexico refuses all indemnity , we should adopt measures to indemnify ourselves , by appropriating permanently a portion of her territory . Early after the commencement of the war , New Mexico and the _Californias were taken possession of by our forces , Our military and naval commanders were ordered to conquer and hold them , subject to be disposed of by a treaty of ponce ,

      These provinces are now in our undisputed oecnpa . tion , and have been so for many months - all resistance on the part of Mexico baring _coassd witbin tbeir limits , I am satisfied that they should never be surrendered to Mexico . Should CongreEB concur with me in this opinion , and that they should be retained by the United States as indemnity , I can perceive no good reason why the civil jurisdiction and laws of tbe URited States ohould not at onca be extended over them . To wait for a treaty of peace , such aa we are willing to make , by which our relations towards tbem would not be changed , cannot be good policy ; whilst our own interest , and that of the people inhabiting tbem , require that a stable , responsible ,

      and free government under our authority _s ' . ould as soon as _possible be established over them . Should _Oongress , therefore , determine to hold these province * permanently , and that they shall hereafter be considered as constituent parts of our country , the early establishment of territorial governments over tbem will be important for tbe more perfect protection of persons and property ; and I _recommend that such territorial governments be established . It will promote peaco and tranquillity among the inhabitants by allaying all apprehension tbat tbey may still entertain of being again subjected to tho jurisdiction of Mexico . I invite tho earl y and favourable consideration of Congress to tbis Important subject .

      Besides New Mexico and the _Califomias , there are other Mexican provinces _^ wbich have been reduced to our possession by conquest . ' These other Mexionn provinces are now governed by our military and naval commanders , under tbe general authority which is conferred upon a conquerer by the laws of war . They should continue to be held as a means of coercing Mexico to accede to just terms of peace . Civil aB well as military officers are required to conduct such a government . _Adequate compensation to be drawn from contributions levied on the enemy should be fixed by law for such officers as miy be thus employed . What further provision may become necessary , and what final disposition it m » y be proper to make of tbem , mu _« t depend on the future progress of the war , and the course which Mexico may think proper hereafter to pursue .

      "With the views I entertain , I cannot favour the policy which has been _suggested , either to withdraw our army altogether , or to retire to a _designated line , and simply bold and defend it . To withdraw onr army _altogether from the conquests thoy have made by deeds of unparalleled bravery , and at tbo expense of so much blood and treasure , in a just wnr ou our part , and one which , hy tbe act of the enemy , wo could not honourably have avoided , would be to degrade the nation in its < mn estimation , and in that of the world . To retire to a lino , and simply hold and defend it , would not terminate the war . On the contrary , it would encourage Mexico to persevere , and tend to protract it indefinitely . It is not to be expected that Muxico , after refusing to establish such a line aa a permanent _boundary , when our victorious nrmy are in possession of her capital , and in the heart of her country , would permit us

      to hold it without resistance . That she would continue tho war , and in tho most harassing and annoying forms , there can be no doubt . A border warfare ef the most savage character , extending over a long line would be unceasingly waged . It would require ft large ormy to be kept constantly in the Seld , stationed at post * and garrisons along such a line toproteot and defend it . The entmy , relieved from the pressure of our arms on his coasts and in the _populous parts of the interior , would direct his attention to this line , and selecting an isolated post for attack , would concentrate his forces upon it . This would be a condition of affairs which the Mexicans , pursuing their favourite system of guerilla warfare , would probably prefer to any other . Were we to assume a defensive attitude on such a line , all the ad . vantages of such a state of war would ba on the side Of the enemy _.

      I am persuaded tbat the best means of vindicating the national honour and interest , and of bringing tbe war to an honourable close , will be to prosecute it with increased energy and power in the vital parts of the enemy ' s country , « * « It hos never been contemplated by me , as an object of the war , to make a permanent conquest of the republic of Mexico , or to annihilate her separate existence as an independent nation . On the contrary , it has ever been my desire that she should maintain her nationality , and , under a good government , adapted to her condition , be a free , independent , and prosperous republic . The

      United States were the frit among the nations to recognise ber independence , and have always desired to bo on terms of amity and good neighbourhood with her . This 6 he would not suffer . By her own conduct we have been compelled to engage in the present war . In its prose cution we seek not her overthrow as a nation ; but , in vindicating our national honour , we seek to obtain re . dress for the wrongs she has done ns , and indemnity for our juBt demands against her . We demand an honour _, able peace ; and that peace , must bring with it indem . nity for tho past , and security for the future . Hitherto Mexico has refused all accommodation by which such a peace could be obtained ,

      There can bono doubt that the peaceable and _welldisposed inhabitants of Mexico are convinced that is is the true interest of their country to conclude an honour _, able peace with tho United States ; but the apprehension of becoming tho victims of some military faction or usurper may have prevented them from manifest . ing their feelings by any public act . Tho removal of any such apprehension would probably cause them to speak their sentiments freely , and to adopt the measures necessary for the restoration of peace . With a people distracted and divided b y contending factions , and a government subject to constant changes , by successive revolutions , the continued successes of our nrm g may fail to Becure a satisfactory peace . In suoh an event , it may become proper for our commanding generals in the field to give encouragement and assurances of protection to the friends of peace in Mexico in tbo establishment and maintenance of a free Republican Government of

      United States. The President's Message. ...

      their own choice , ' able and willing to conclude a peace which would be just to them , and _sscure to us the indemnity we demand , This may become the only modo of obtaining such a peace . Should such be . the result , the war which Mexico has forced upon us , would thus be converted into an enduring blessing to herself . After finding ber torn and distracted by factions , and ruled by military usurpers , we should then leave her with a republican government , in the enjoyment of real independence , and domestic peace and prosperity , performing oil relative duties in the great family of nations , and promoting her own happiness by wise laws and their faithful execution .

      Besides , there is danger , If our troops were withdrawn bifore a peace is concluded , that the Mexican people , wenriedwifh successive revolutions , and deprived of protection for their persons and property , might at length be Inclined to yield to foreign influences , and to cast themselves into the arms of some European monarch for protection from the anarchy and suffering which would ensue . This , for our own safety , and in pursuance of our established policy , we should be compelled to resist , We could never consent that Mexico should be thus converted into a _mooarchy governed by a fo _» reign prince . * * It is deemed Important that Congress should , at an early period of their session , confer the authority to raise an additional regular force to Berve during the war with Mexico , and to be discharged upon the conclusion and ratification of a treaty of peace . I invite the attention of Congress to the views presented by the Secretary of War in bis report npon this _subject .

      I recommend , also , that authority be given by _luW to coll for and accept the services of an additional number of volunteers to be _txerclsed at such times and to such extent as the emergencies of the service may require . In prosecuting the war with Mexico , whilst the utmost care has been taken to avoid every just cause of complaint on tbe part of the neutral nations , and none has been given , liberal _pmilcgsg hare been granted to their commerce In the ports of the enemy in our military occupation .

      _FltUNCZ . A detailed statement of tbe condition of the finances will be presented in the annual report of the Secretary ot the Treasury . The imports for the last fiscal year , ending on tho 80 th of June , 1847 , were of ihe value of 146 , 545 . 638 dollars , of which the amount exported w » s 8 , 011 , 158 dols ,, leaving 138 534 , 480 dols . in the country for domestic use . Tbe value of tbe exports for tbe same period , was 158 , 648 , 622 dots . ; of which 150 , 637 , 464 dols . consisted * f _domcBtio productions , and 8 , 011 , 158 dols ., of foreign articles , The receipts into tbe treasury for the same period amounted to 26 , 346 , 790 dols . 37 c , of whi ; h there was derived from customs 23 , 747 , 861 dole . 66 c . ; from sales of public lands . 2 . 493 , 335 dols . 20 c . ; and from incidental and miscellaneous sources , 100 , 570 dols . 51 c

      The expenditures during tho fiscal year ending oa the 13 th of June last were 89 , 451 , 177 dols . 65 c . ; ef which 3 , 322 , 083 dolo . 87 o . were on account of payment of principal and interest of the public debt , including treasury notes redeemed and not funded . The expenditures , exelusive of payment of public debt , were 55 , 929 , 995 dole . 28 _o . # * # On the 1 st of the present month , the amount of the public debt actually incurred , including treasury notes , was 45 , 659 , 659 dols . 40 c . Tbe public debt due on the 4 tb of March , 1815 , including treasury notes , was 17 , 788 , 799 dols , 62 c . j and _consequontly tbe addition made to tho public dobt since tbat time is 07 , 870 , 859 dels . 78 o .

      To meet the expenditures for the remainder of the present and for tbe next fiscal jear , ending on the 30 th of June , 1849 , a further loan in aid of the ordinary _revonues of tho government will be _nccossary . Retaining a sufficient surplus in the treasury , tho loan required for tbe remainder of tbe present fiscal year will be about 18 , 000 , 000 dols . If the duty on tea and _coffte be imposed , and the graduation of the price of the public lands shall be made at an early period of yonr session , as _recommendsd , the loan for the present _liscal year may be reduced to 17 , 000 , 000 of dols . The loaa may be further reduced by whatever amount of expenditure can be saved by military contributions collected in Mexico .

      Should the war with Mexico be continued until the 30 th of June , 1849 , it is estimated that a further loan of 20 , 500 , 000 dollars will be required for tbe fiscal year ending on that day , in case no duty be imposed on t « a and coffee , and tbe public lands be not reduced and graduated in price , and no military contributions shall be collected in Mexico , If the duty on tea and coffee he imposed , and the lands he reduced and graduated in price , as proposed , the loan may be reduced to 17 , 000 , 000 of dollars , and will be subject to be still further reduced by the amount of the military contributions which may be collected in Mexico .

      TBE _KZW _T- & _BIFJ-, The act of tbe thirtieth of July , 1846 , ' _reducing the duties on imports , ' has been in force since the first of December last ; and I am gratified to Btate tbat all the beneficial effects which were ' anticipated from its operations have been fully realised . The public revenue derived from customs during tho year ending on the 1 st of December , 1847 , exceeds by more than tight millions of dols . tbo amount received In the preceding year under the operation ef the act of 1842 , which was superseded and repealed by it . Its effects are visible in the great and almost unexampled prosperity which prevails in every branch of bu & _ina _& e .

      While the repeal of tbe prohibitory and restrictive duties of the act of 1842 , and tbe substitution in their place of reasonable revenue rates levied on articles imported according to their actual value , has increased the revenue and augmented our foreign trade , all the great _interoits of tho country have heen ndvansvd and promoted , # # # The toiling millions , whose daily labour furnishes tbo supply of food and raiment , and ull the necessaries and comforts of life , are receiving higher wages , mid mote steady and permanent employment than in any other country , or at any previous period of our own hiitory .

      So successful have been all branches of our industry , that a foreign war , which generally diminishes the resources of a nation , has in no essential degree retarded our onward progress , or _checked our general prosperity . With such gratifying evidences of prosperity , and of the successful operation of the revenue nek ot 1845 , every consideration of public policy recommends that it should remain unchanged _.

      NEW TAXES . For the purpose oi increasing the revenue , and without changing the rates imposed by the act _oflSlGon the dutiublo articles embraced by its provisions , I _sgain recommend to _yourfavouraole _consideration tbe expediency of levying a rovenuo duty on tea and coffee . The poliuy which exempted these articles frum duty during peace , and when tho revenuo to be d _.-rived from them was not needed , ceases to exist wheu the country is engaged iu war , and requires the use of nil its available resources . It is a tax which would be so generally diffused among the people , that it would be _fcltoppres 6 lvel y b y none . It is believed that there aro not , in the list of imported articles , any which are inoro properly the subject of war duties than tea or _ceffee . It is estimated that three millions of dollars would be derived annually by a moderate duty imposed on these articles ; _Tni SOn TREABCRT . LAW , —BANKINO .

      By the act to ' provide for tbe better organisation of the treasury , and for the collection , safe keeping , and disbursement of the public revenue , ' all banks were discontinued as fiscal agents of the government , and ( he paper currency issued by tbem was no longer permitted to be received in payment of public dues . The constitutional treasury created by this act went into operation on the 1 st of _Jauuary last , Under the system established by it , the public monies hare been collected , safely kept , and disbursed by the direct agency of officers of the government in gold and silver ; and transfers of large amounts have been mado from pointB of collection to points of disbursement , without any loss to tho treasury , or injury or inconvenience to tho trade of the country .

      While tho fiscal operations of the government havo Veon conducted with _resularlty and ease , under this _bjbtem , it has bad a salutary effect in checking and pre . v _iting an undue inflation of the paper currency issued b . the banks which exist _UBdor state charters . Require ing , as it does , all dues to tho government to be paid in gold and silver , its effect is to restrain ejeessire issues of bank popcr by the banks disproportioned to the specie in tbeir vaults , for tbe reason that they are at all times liable to be called on by _' the holders of their notes for their redemption , in order to obtain specie for the payment of duties and other public _duea . Tha banks , therefore , must keep their business within prudent limits , aud be always in a condition to meet such culls , or run the hazard of being compelled to suspend ipecie payments , and be thereby discredited , Tbe amount of specie

      Imported Into tbe United States during tho last _fiical year was 24 , 121 , 289 dols ., of which there was retained In tho country 22 , 276 , 170 _dolf . Had the former financial _systern prevailed , and tbe public moneys been placed un deposits _inbanks , nearly the whole of tbis amount wmld have gone into their vaults , not to ba thrown into circulation _, hy them , but to be withheld from the hands of the people as a currency , and made the basis of new and enormous issues of bank paper . A large proportion of tho specie imported has been paid into the treasury for public dues ; and after having been to a great ex * _, tent , roceined at tho Mint , has been paid out to the pub . lie creditors , and gone into circulation as a currency among the people . The amount of gold and silver c _» in now in circulation in the country is lorgor than ut any former period .

      The financial system _eBtablishedby the _constitu- . knal _treasury has been , thus far , eminently successful in Its operations ; and I recommend an adherence to all its essential provisions , and especially . to that vital provision which wholly separates the government f rom connexion with banks , and excludes bank paper from all revenue reoeipts . THE PUBLIC LANDS . Ail tho public lands which had been surveyed and n'cre ready for market have been proclaimed for sale during tho past year . The quantity offered and to he offered for sale under proclamations issued since the 1 st of January la 6 t amounts to 9 , 138 , 531 acres . The prosp : rlty of tho western states and territories in which these lands lie , will be advanced by their speedy sale ,

      United States. The President's Message. ...

      By withholding them from market , their growth ana increase of population would be retarded , while thousands of oar tnlerpricing and meritorious frontier population would bo deprived of the opportunity of securing freeholds for themselves and their families . But in ad . sition to the general considerations which rendered the early sale of these lands proper , it was a leading object at tbis time to derive ns large a sum as possible from this source , and thus diminish , by that amount , tho public loin rendered necessary by tbe existence of a foreign war . It is estimated that not loss than ten millions o acres of the puolic lands will be surveyed and be in a condition to be proclaimed for sale during the year 1848 . IMFOBTANCE OF A _IANDID DEM 0 CR 1 OT .

      I recommend that the cxUtting laws en the subject of pre-emption rights be amended and modified so as to operate prospectively , and to embrace all who may settle npon the public lands and make improvements upon them before tbey are surveyed , as well as afterwards , iu all cases whero such settlements may be made after the Indian title shall have been extinguished . If tho riieht of pre-emption be thus extended it will embrace a largo and meritorious class of our citizens . It will increase tbe number of small freeholders upon our borders , who will be enabled thereby to educate their children , ard otherwise improve _ibsir condition , while they will be found at all times , as thoy bare ever

      proved themselves to he , in the hour of danger to their country , among our hardiest and best volunteer soldiers , ever _rsad y to render their services in cases ot emergency , and among the lost to leave the field , as long as an enemy remains to be encountered . Such a policy will also impress these patriotic pioneer emigrants with deeper feelings of gratitude for the paternal cara Of their government , when they find their dearest interests eccurcd to tbem by the permanent laws of the l end , and that tbey are no longi r in danger of losing their homeB and hard-earned improvements b y bringbrou _ght into competition with a more wealthy class of purchasers at the land sales .

      THB NAVY , The accompanying report of the Secretary of the Na _^ y presents a satisfactory and gratifying account ot the condition aud operations of the naval service during tho past year . Our commerce has been pursued with increased activity , and with safety and _snecess , la every quarter of the globe under the protection of our flag , which the nary has caused to be respected in the most distant seas , * * * « While other maritime powers are adding to then ? navies largo numbers of war steamers , it was a wise po . licy on our part to make similar additions to our navy . Tbe four war steamers authorised by the act of the 3 rd of March , 1847 , _ara In coarse of construction .

      In addition to the four war steamers authorised by this act , tbe Secretary of tha Navy has in pursuance of its provisions , entered into contracts for tbe construction of five steamers , to be employed in tbe transports * tion of the United States mail 'from New York to New Orleans , touching at Charleston , _Sxvsnnab , and Ha . vans , and frem Havana to Chagres ; for three steamers to _baemploysd in like nunHtr from Panama to _Ovenon , so as to connect with the mail from Havana to Chagres _, across the isthmus ; " and for ¦ five _uttamers to be era _» ployed in like manner from New York to Liverpool , These steamers will he the property of the contractors , but are to be built ' under _tho superintendence and direction of a naval constructor in the employ of ( he Navy Department , and to be so constructed as to render them convertible at the least possible expense into war steamers of the first class . ' _CONCLUSION .

      In view of the existing state of our country , I trust it may not be Inappropriate , in dosing this communication , to call to mind the words ot wisdom and admonition of tho first and most illustrious of my predecessors , in his farewell address to bis countrymen _. That greatest and best of men , who served bis country so long , and loved It so much , foresaw , with 'serious concern , ' the danger to our Union ' of characterising parties by _geographical discrimination—Northern and Southern , Atlantic and Western , —whence-designing men may endeavour to excite a belief tbat there ia a real difference of local interests and views , ' and warned his countrymen against it .

      So deep and solemn was his conviction of tbe import _, anco of the Union , and of _preserving tho harmony between its different parts , tbat he declared te his _cowntrymen in that address , ' It is of infinite moment that you should proptrly estimate tbe immense value of your national union to your collective and individual happiness ; that you should cherish a eordial , _l . abitual , and immovable attachment to it ; accustoming yourselves to think and [ speak of it , as & palladium of yonr political safoly > n < l prosperity watching for its preservation with _jealeus anxiety ; discountenancing whatever may suggest even a _suspicion tbat it can in any event be abandoned ; and indignantly frowning upon the first dawning of every attempt to alienate any portion of our country from tbe rest , or to enfeeble tbe sacred ties which now link together tbe various parts . '

      Alter the lapse of half a century , tbes 9 admonitions of Washington fall upon us with all the force of truth . It is difficult to _estimato the ' _immenao value' of our glorious union of confederated _stateB , to which we ara to much indebted for our growth in population end wealth , and for all tbat constitutes us a great and happy nation . IIow unimportant are all our differences of opinion upon minor questions of public policy , com . pared with its preservation ; and how scrupulously should we avoid all agitating topics which may tend to distract and _divi-ie us into contending parties , separated by geographical lines , whereby it moy be _weaKcned or endangered .

      Invoking the blessing of the A _' mlghty Itnler of the Universe upon your deliberations , it will be my highest duty , no less than my sincere pleasure , to co-operate with you in all measures which may tend to promote the honour and enduring welfare of our common country , Washington , Jaiies K . Pole . December , 1847 .

      %\)T Efceatittss.

      % \) t _Efceatittss .

      Pantomime Nnd Burlesque Associate Tliems...

      Pantomime _nnd Burlesque associate tliemsc ' _vo as naturally with the idea of Christinas , as do Roast Beef and Plum-pudding ; nor can we for a moment object to the absurdities of Clown and Pantaloon , especially where their drolleries are made to serve a _double purpose , ! and aim at the _t ' estruction , by force of ridicule , of those _folliea and vices which grave remonstrance can never reach . Where Pantomime thus ' shoots a _£ folly as it flies , ' its excellence is of a more than merely negative quality , and deserves tho applause of not only the juveniles , for whose amusement it is specially intended , but of those children of a larger growtbi _v-lio are sensible enough to deem it no disgrace to be nt once ' merry and wise , '

      But somehow—whoso fault it is we know noltho quarter part of the Pantomimes of this year stem but ghostly shadows of their former selves . Perhaps the ' times are out of joint , ' for the long faces on the Stock Exchange appear to have transported themselves to the _galleries , pit , and boxes of the different houses , and to bo anything except transported at the change . At Drury Lake , the opera ( Balfo's ' Maid o £ Honor' ) has been followed by a Pantomime entitled 'Friar Rush ; or , Harlequin and King Gold . ' A piece _almost as heavy aa the metal it celebrated . The Christmas piece at the _IIaymarkbt— ' Tbe World _Underground ; or , the Golden Flute , and the Brazen Waters * —has met with far better _success ; partly , no doubt , from the superior excellence of the actors , What pieces could fail in which Mrs Keeley took a prominent part , to say nothing of Miss P , Morton , Mr Wigan , and other , though smaller , stars in the theatrical hemisphere ?

      Our opening remarks refer especially to the Princess ' s Theatre—the Pantomime theie is admirably in keeping with tho prevailing spirit of tbo times—beggary , bankruptcy , and influenza . We need scarcely add , that it is as opposite as it was possible to make it to the spirit it ought to evince and evoke , the spirit of cheerfuluess and { _Hjoy bo impossible ) of hopefulness . In very different terras must we speak of the-Lyceum , a visit to which elegant theatre is really a Christmas treat . The Adelfhi has tried a new species of Pantomime—a genuine Italian Punchinello story . Such an attempt deserves , and we truBt will receive , encouragement _.

      It is impossible that tho very attractive nature of the performances at the Sadler ' s Wells Theatre , _together with _tue ' _. _'Ii ' ent of the company , should { nil to excite public curiosity ; and hence it continues to be attended by the most respectable and crowded audiences . ' John Saville of _Ifaysted , ' iiam the pen of the Rev . J . White , has already been played tweuty-threo nights , and houi the plaudits nightly given to its representation , is likely to have a longmn . The vices of the licentious

      Court of Charles the First aro brought to view , and the terrible consequences that followed should be a esson to those who rule . The Pantomime is a splendid production , full of happy hits at passing events . The ' dying on the _flosr of the house , ' and parliamentary promises before ) and after election , elicited shouts of applause . ' Ara 9 for Ireland '—the sickle and flail—was well received . The scenery by Messrs Fenton and Finlay is excellent . We beg to congratulate the management on the golden harvest they are reaping .

      At Astley ' s the stock piece still continues to be the splendid spectacle , ' The Camp of Silesia , ' in which even the most- constant visitors must take unabated _delight . Really very—very few of the theatres could present such a magnificent coupd ' ceil as does Astley ' s Amphitheatre , at certain stages—both ot piece and pantomime . This latter , ' Dr Syntax , and the Dapper Grey Mare , ' ia as excellent as good taste and laTiHh expense in every department could make it . The Pantomime at the Marylebone is one of the best . That at the Surkey is of only average merit , and remarkable for little but the grace and prett ' . ness of the Columbine—Miss Annie Payne—and the _pertina city with which the Gods insist on their favourite song , ' Hot _Codlins , ' which the Clown . cannot tiBg .

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Jan. 8, 1848, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_08011848/page/3/