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Northern Star (1837-1852), 7th October 1848, Edition 3 of 3, Page 1, Rational Eatffl (Somum

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    • TO THE. CHARTISTS.
    • Rational Eatffl (Somum
    • <S4)arttft ftHMlt&enm a aa^wui »* **v—**"* *v* *%y%^^ r,*tf. r\f\*\j%^ /* f f, SIS* *, AA^ ^A a*.
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      To The. Chartists.

      TO THE . CHARTISTS .

      Mt Friends, Yoa Bare Bo Doubt Read The C...

      Mt Friends , Yoa bare bo doubt read the conviction -uidsentenceuponDowling , Gut 1 ey , Iiacey , Fay ) and Ritchie , with feelingsof horror , disgust , and jarprise ; though I can scarcel y presume turprise , as the poor , the laborious , and unre _presented ought to be prepared for any injustice to which their order may he subjected . However , those five men are now doomed to perpetual banishment ; they are to be sent from the land of their birth to God knows where , and there to remain for the term of their natural lives .

      They are the victims oi the _Nati-mal Assembly ; an Assembly whose very constitution , from its numbers , was illegal , as I told you at the time : an Assembly which , from its mode of election , did not represent the feelings of the Cbartistbody ; while , to show you the judgment , the prudence , and caution with which the affairs of the Chartist party were managed up to the meeting of that Assembly , and under the government of tbat Assembly , I must call your attention to thelaw as laid down by Baron Rolfe , by the Chief Baron of the Exchequer , ¦ when defending Frost at Monmouth , and acquiesced in by all the Judges of the land . They have declared , that there was ' nothing illegal

      in the constitution of the Chartist body , and thatthe Chartists had a perfect right to seek the accomplishment of their principles by all legal and constitutional means , and they _definedrand expounded those means , affixing extensive limits , and giving ample and _unboonded scope for the denunciation of wrong ' , and thft free expression of public opinion , the means of asserting- right ; hence , under the old constitution of Chartism , its members were only individually responsible for their individual acts , and when an attempt was made daring eight days at Lancaster to convict us of conspiracy , it failed , mainly because we were not an illegal association . .

      Under its then constitution Chartism had no class-leaders , generals , or other officers ; there was one indivisible body , and but one actuating motive , and those who separated themselves from that body and became actuated by other and different motives , did not entail guilt or criminality upon the body , while Chartism , as at present constituted , has been declared by the Attorney General to be an illegal combination , its organisation emanating from an illegal source .

      So ample were the rights of the people _. as defined by BaronRolfeat Lancaster , thatthe fiftynine persons who were then tried and acquitted , solemnly accepted the construction of the law by the " JUST JUDGE , " and all declared that they would henceforth act upon his construction of the law ; and the consequence is , that not one of those _^ fifty-nine have been entrapped by the National Assembly . I shall now comment npon two portions of the Judge ' s charge to the Jury .

      He commented npon the fact that , although it appeared clearly proved in the course of the case that the informers were not aware of each other ' s movements , and had no opportunity of eoaoocting a story , vet tbey agreed with eachotherin several most important particulars ; but , whatever opinian the jury might ultimately form of this testimony , he vteb _undoubtedly of opinion that when , the Government received information of the calamity that was intended to be effected , they would have neglected their duty , and not have deserved the name of a Government , if they had hesitated for one moment in putting the criminal law Into force , and vindicating tie majesty of thelaw .

      Now with the above I entirely concur , hut my concurrence goes with the text to establish the criminality of the Government . The judge says , that the Government wonld have been criminal if it had "HESITATED FOR

      ONE MOMENT IN PUTTING THE CRIMINAL LAW INTO FORCE AND VINDICATING THE MAJESTY OF THE LAW . Now is it not clear to the simplest mind , that Government was in full possession of all that was going on , and that was intended to go on , not FOR A MOMENT but for months , and did not the Government not only hesitate but neglect to vindicate the law until , as admitted by the Judge , the conspiracy became deeper and more formidable ? Has not the villain Davis sworn that he gave information to the inspector of

      police within two hours after he had attended the several meetings , at which he was the prime instigator to rebellion and revolt r He has sworn that he secreted himself in a private room at Greenwich in order to hear a conversation that took place between members of the Confederates , and that he reported what their intentions were , not to a policeman hut to Mr Mallalieu , the superintendent of police , and that tbis Mr Mallalieu not only HESITATED FOR A MOMENT , bat counselled him that the meetings might go on , and that he wonld send a policeman to attend them , and the villain adds : — "AFTER THIS I

      ADVISED PEOPLE TO GO TO THESE MEETINGS AND THE LANDLORD USED TO GIVE ME HALF - A - SOVEREIGN OR FIVE SHILLINGS , NOW AND THEN , IN RETURN FOR MY FRIENDSHIP . The villain further adds :- — I won the certain , out I suppose ! , did tell Ward that there was to he an outbreak in LoDdon , and I advised Mm

      to Seep away . I did not say that I was going to London to reconnoitre , and see which were to be the points of attack ; bat I did say I was going to London early in the _moramgto see if there wai any likelihood of a riot taking place ; mndifthere was , lshonldgetout of danger as soon as I coold . I remember Ward and Bohinson making a proposition to dissolve the Greenwich Association , and I opposed it fc Ballantine . —Wiy did yoa oppose the dissolution oi an association which yon believed to b- illegal ?

      Witness .-BecanseIthonghtitwould injure the landlord . Cross examination continued . —I think I called them cowards at the same time , but I did not pull out my pistols , and say that if any one had attempted to arrest me , I would have blown their brains oat . Z don't think I made use of such an expression . I don't remember it . It is possible I made use of the expression . Ifl did it was only to throw them off their guard , and I may have said so and forgotten it . Now , you will bear in mind that I am not using tbis evidence for the conviction of the self-convicted villain Davis , but that I am using it in support of the Judge ' s conviction of

      the HESITATING GOVERNMENT , because it is impossible to presume for a moment that Inspector Marks or Mr Superintendent Mallalieu dared to act upon so important an occasion upon their own responsibility , and the legitimate and only conclusion is , that those second-hand spies acted upon the sugg estion of the spy-general , who is convicted by the Judge of the crime of

      hesitation with a perfect knowledge , for months , of all that was going on , and that it was intended should go on . Can anything be more diabolical than the fact of this hired spy of the Government thus , at the instance of the Government , urging his confiding dupes to the commission of crime , which has ended in the transportation of some _^ and the misery of so many more ?

      Towards the close of his address to the Jury , the Judge says - . — In the first place the names of several persoas had been mentioned as being present at some of the meetings , who onght to have betn called to contradict the accomplices if they were not telling the troth , and yet not one of them had been examined . Let me ask any professional roan , undertaking the defence of the prisoners , whether he could , consistently with his duty , allow any _partv present at those secret meetings to offer himself as a witness to shake the evidence of an informer ? Was not the Judge perfectly aware—it having occurred in innumerable

      cases—that the fate of such witness would be his identification by the informer as one whom he then recognised as being one of the most violent at the meeting in question , and , consequently , the result wonld be the removal of the witness from the witness-box to the dock ? Some men may be philanthropic and devoted , hut f ew axe sufficiently so to jeopardise themselves upon the mere probability of serving others . Such was the language of Baron Piatt on Saturday the 30 th . Now hear mine , written on Thursday the 28 th—you will find it in the third paragraph of my Letter to the Chartists . I

      Mt Friends, Yoa Bare Bo Doubt Read The C...

      > Where a meeting is open the false evidence of an informer may be rebutted by an indifferent witness ; bat when meetings are secret no witness is indifferent , no rebutting evidence can be adduced , because the admitted fact of presence is proof of criminality , and those innocently charged have no protection against the guilty accuser . Now , I wrote the above in anticipation of the Judge s or the Attorney General ' s comment upon the non-production of such rebutting evidence . With the exception of those two points—the one upon which _. he must have been instructed by the evidence of ' the informer—and the other with which he must have been conversant from practice and precedent—there is no great fault to find with the

      summing up of Mr Baron Flatt , until he comes to the application of the general bearing of the evidence upon the charge . Like all other Judges , he philanthropically throws overboard the evidence of spies and informers , save andexcept in as far as those worthies corroborate each other , and in as far as their general testimony is _tMrroborated by other acts , which are circumstantially or positively proved . But the just , the impartial , and the only view that can betaken ofthe whole case , is this—would the prisoners have been convicted npon the evidence of those instigators and informers alone , or would they bave been convicted upon the other charges alone , apart from the evidence of those informers ? I contend that

      they could not , andwould not—and , therefore , they stand convicted upon evidence upon which twelve honest men " would not hang a dog . " And the reader must never lose sight of the fact , that the villain Davis swore that Ward and Robinson proposed the dissolution of the society—that this villain called them cowards because he got five shillings and _halfa-sovereign from the landlord—and that lie communicated the fact IMMEDIATELY after to the authorities .

      Now , was not this hesitating on the part of the authorities , and , but for this villain , would not the wholesome advice of Ward and Robinson have saved the victims from the trap which the Government had baited for them ? and , in the words of Lord Denman , ( as applicable to the case of Cuffey and others ) , is not the law " a mockery , a delusion , and a snare ?'' In so great a national movement as that for the accomplishment ofthe people ' s rights , it is the duty of every leader , and it should be his pride , to justify his every act connected with that movement ; and in times like the present ,

      when disrepute is attempted to be thrown upon the management of the Chartist body , it becomes my duty to myself , and to the veritable members ef that body , to remind them that I , and the remainder of the Executive body , were not only deposed , but denounced by the National Assembly , and that , therefore , we are not responsible for the present system of organisation . But , nevertheless , you must not mistake nor misunderstand me , by presuming that , in consequence of the opinion given by the Attorney General , that I am therefore going to abandon the Association . So far otherwise , I now accept the election of the

      Chartist body as one of its Executive , and I will see that the Chartist Association is re-organised and recruited in its original form , as sanctioned by the judges of the land , and so construct it that it will be able , without any violation of the Combination Laws , to hold its Convention in London , in which I shall be prepared to take my seat ; and when our deliberations may defy the treachery-and machinations of false friends or open enemies . But of this I am resolved , that neither the quibble of the law , nor the prejudice of the jury , shall deter me from the advocacy of those principles which I have maintained through life , and which are now becoming the adopted of all

      nations . Let me assure you , however , that you have not yet done with spies and informers , as I am credibly informed , that some whom you would least suspect , will shortly appear in that character . I have apprised you many times , that all classes , from the Queen to the hangman , are opposed to you—that is , from the head of the Executive to the finisher of the law * although we may naturally presume that it would be as much—nay more—the interest of the monarch to be your friend than your enemy , yet the system which she is hound to maintain—and of which she is thoroughly and hopelessly ignorant—places her in antagonism with you , the working classes ; because in her name everything is done .

      I dare say I should have received a vast amount of very doleful sympathy if I had allowed the villain Powell to have placed me in the situation to which he has brought poor Cuffey and others : and never lose sight of the fact , that be did his utmost to entrap me , as evinced in his two letters , which I published ; and , as I before stated , those who have invested their property in me from a belief not more in my integrity than in my prudence , would have felt more grieved for themselves if their property , vested in the felon , was confiscated to the Government , while he

      was on his road to his future destiny . How brave Powell was ! how brave Davis was . "—and Barrett , and Baldwinson , and Tilden , and Giffbrd , and Williamson , and Winterbottom , that swore against his own brother 1 and though last , not _lea- _' -t , Master Robert Emmett ! and how their wrath swelled , and how the wrath of their employers swelled , when they could not catch the RED CAT IN THE TRAP ! But however the Government may chuckle over their presumed victory , they may rest assured , that as tyranny drove them from office in 1841 , tyranny will drive them from office in 1849 .

      A word about Cuffey , and I have done , I believe in my conscience tbat a more honest or sincere man never breathed than Cuffey , and if he was foolish enough to lend himself to the machinations of such villians , it was lest he himself might be suspected of cowardice . Cuffey—as I frequently told him—was operated upon by the cheers and applause of the spie s and informers that filled the galleries during the sittings of the Convention and the National Assembly ; and I told him and others that they would he victimised to this false enthusiasm : and that my words have been

      realised is a melancholy fact , as I have no hesitation in declaring that I feel more for Cuffey than for any man that has been victimised since the Whig reign of terror commenced in 1839 . And , however the Press may scoff , rogues may sneer , spies may swear , and juries may convict , I tell you that an honester man does not breathe the breath of life than Cuffey ; and that he was appointed auditor ofthe accounts of the Land Company from the implicit confidence that those of his own order placed in his integrity , and from the conviction that he would not allow his

      own brother to practise a fraud upon the poor to the amount of a shilling . I remain , Your faithful Friend and unpurchaseable Representative , Feargus O'Connor .

      Shipwreck.—The St John's Naw Bbtjhbwickb...

      Shipwreck . —The St John ' s Naw Bbtjhbwickbb ofthe 12 th ultimo says : — 'The baique Cadmer , which arrived yesterday morning , brought in the captain and Bixteen of the crew of the ahip Glasgow , of Bath , M ., 594 tons , whieh ship was abandoned at sea in a sinking state on the 19 th of August , in lat . 3 i N , long . 31 50 W . The Glasgow waa bound irom Liverpool to Boston , with a full cargo of iron and salt , and went down shortly after the epptain and crew were taken off .

      Shipwreck.—The St John's Naw Bbtjhbwickb...

      TO THE QUEEN OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE , Respected Sovereign ,, The anarchy and involved state of the civilised world , arising from an unavoidable progress to a superior condition of human existence , compels me again to address your Majesty . A large portion of your subjects have been , and are , cruelly suffering from causes which the statesmen of the world do not understand , or they are afraid to investigate . Your Majesty , it is well known , desires the peace ofthe world , and the happiness of all , but more especially of the subjects of the British empire .

      The goodness of your Majesty ' s intentions , and the sound judgment which you have generally exhibited in those matters which depended upon your Majesty ' s own decision , are strong inducements to place before you truths , necessary for your . safety , the prosperity of your empire , and the peace of the world . These results can be attained onl y by these truths being made known in language so explicit that the educated may , at length , fully comprehend them , for a partial knowledge of them would only still more confound the subject to be explained . My intention is to injure none , but to permanently benefit all .

      With this preliminary I . proceed to explain the most important of all subjects at this crisis in the affairs of the civilised world . The anarchy of Europe and the disordered mental state of those who are attempting to bring order out of confusion , are the necessary effects of all being involved in a system emanating , at an early period , from the igno rant imaginations of our savage and inexperienced ancestors .

      This system by which the world has been hitherto governed , has been based solel y on falsehoods opposed to every known law of nature , and of humanity - , a system which ever has been , and can only be , maintained by com plicated and most artificial institutions , and a wretched , demoralising , and a most injurious classification of society . Ihese institutions and this classification could be upheld and supported only by a mystified mixed system of force , fear , and fraud , rendering falsehood , deception , injustice and oppression , everywhere unavoidable .

      The world is now suffering so grievously under these evils , that it is in open rebellion against them . Patronised as this system ever bas been in all countries , there is not one now living who is not a martyr to its errors and consequent evils : even your Majesty , your Royal Consort , and your Children are deeply injured by its continuance ; and now , the longer it shall be enforced by the authorities of the world , the more grievous ' will be its miseries to all , and the greater will be the danger of elevated positions in every country .

      Its ignorance , injustice , and oppression has aroused against it even the most docile and dormant feelings of humanity , in all the nations ofthe civilised world . This statement requires farther explanation . The system of the world , as far as is known , has been founded through past time on a falsehood opposed by every known fact . It has been based on the presumed belief that each one of the human race forms himself to be what he is , and in consequence that it is just to . make each one responsible , to the accidental authorities of the world _s for his belief and actions .

      This ignorance of the unchanging laws of nature is the origin of the erroneous idea , "that man is bad by nature "—a natrue given to him by the Great Creating Power of the Universe . From this original error emanates all sin and crime , and the irrationality of mankind . Itis to-day the true cause ofthe anarchy of Europe , and of the insane conduct of all nations and people . Hence the present comp licated and involved condition of society , its poverty and disunion , with all the inconsistent and absurd remedies proposed by the Statesmen who are attempting to legislate on a false base , against nature and common sense .

      To support this fundamental falsehood , it became unavoidable that error should be added to error in principle and practice ; and now the glaring inconsistencies _arisiBg from these insane absurdities , are daily and hourly producing so much evil to every class in every country , that human nature is everywhere aroused against it , and will not longer be governed by it , or allow it longer to derange the mental faculties of every succeeding generation . Public opinion , which governs the world , now declares that this insane system , so injurious to every one , shall be destroyed , root and branch , and through all its endless mischievous ramifications .

      The decree has gone forth from nature , by tbe evident bewilderment of the statesmen and ministers of this worn-out system of falsehood and evil ; and no earthly power can retain it . Seeing that the change is inevitable , that it will be for the high advantage and permanent good of all nations and people , it will prove to be true wisdom in the existing authorities in all countries not to oppose this great

      revolution of humanity ; but , on the contrary , seeing that it is a revolution from an entire system of falsehood and oppression of the weak by the strong to another of entire truth and justice , in which the weak will be sustained by the strong , it wiU he for their permanent benefit to direct it wisel y and with foresight , so that union , peace , order , and superior external arrangements may everywhere supersede disunion , war , anarchy , and inferior external

      arrangements . This change should immediately commence , that in the next generation the pure principles of charity and kindness , co-extensive with the human race , may be made to pervade all minds , and gradually to prepare all nations to acquire such habits and knowledge , as will qualify them to live harmoniously in a state of real liberty , equality , and fraternity , or , in other words , in a new state based on truth and

      justice in which all will be so rationally placed that , according to age and natural capacity , they will have equal education and condition far superior to any yet given , and the condition far more to be desired than your Majesty ' s , or any yet experienced by sovereign or subject at any time in any part of the world , or that could be created under the present insane system of falsehood ; disunion , deception , and cruel injustice .

      This revolution in human existence , wonderful and impracticable as it must appear to the children of the old system of error , sin , and misery , will , like the far more wonderful effects of the electro-magnetic telegraph , be accomplished by very simple means , now everywhere at the command of all governments and people . This , the most mighty , magnificent , g lorious revolution in the history of man , will be attained as soon as its advantages can be made known to the public , in peace , and with pleasure to all , merely by the adoption of a most beneficent law of nature , to supersede an eternal falsehood , which , through past time , has proved to be the demon of the human race— -

      Shipwreck.—The St John's Naw Bbtjhbwickb...

      the firebrand which has severed man from mat * , ahd nation from nation . The ' natural practices which will arise from this change of principle will be to separate the dense populations ; of cities and towns , and unite them % _sofifltific , manageable masses , to accomp lish , in a superior manner , all the business of life , which , under these arrangements , ! may be _greatlyydjriplified and improved . These masses to be _^ o arranged in new situations , that every inferior and hurtful circumstance

      shay be carefull y excluded , and those only be combined which experience has proved to be superior . _"i-This is the system , inprinciple and practice , which your Majesty ' s Royal . Father—if he had lived to come to the throne of these realmshad pledged himself to use his _utrrtbst efforts to introduce into these islands , and _through-, out the British empire . This would have been a far better mode than through the violence and defective _measurejOiy : which various patties arenow vainly attempting to gain the same results . ¦¦' _- ¦ ¦ _-- ¦ ¦ ¦ .

      I hope it is ; destined that his daughter , in the _personof the Queen of the British empire —the most extended and powerful bf all emp _ires _^ shali _reJgnlbver _itfv / hen this chahgethe _attest physical and mental change that the , woW has * yet known or humanity imag ined—shall be accomplished , and all the old prophesies and predictions be fulfilled to the very letter of their sayings , This will be the greatest of all miracles ever wrought for man , and which nature , or the God of nature , is how , in the fulness of time , forcing upon humanity for its permanent good and happiness .

      B y thia change the ignorance , crimes , disunion , and misery , produced by the various contending superstitions of the world , by private property , ill-devised famil y arrangements , and a wretchedly-ignorant classification of society—all destructive of rationality—will be superseded hy other arrangements , based on truth , that will ensure permanent progressive prosperity to all nations and people , with ever increasing intelligence , goodness , and happiness .

      Were the subject at this crisis not all-important , it would be necessary to apologise for the length of this letter—but even another letter will scarcely suffice to explain the full import of the last paragraph , denouncing the causes of the ignorance , disunion , and crimes , so prevalent in all countries , with the total want of charity and goodness among every sect of religion over the world .

      The institutions of sectarian religions united with a most ignorant and injurious classification of society and ill-advised family arrangements , including private property , have been insanely taught to the world , as being the foundation of all virtue and goodness , and without which- the earth would be filled with robbers and murderers , and all manner of wickedness . This instruction has been a gross imposition upon human weakness . Man may be taught , most conscientiously , to believe any absurdity most true , or the most valuable truths to be abominable

      falsehoods ; and thus has he been hitherto instructed , and made to become irrational in his feelings , thoughts , and actions . And , at this day , he has been taught to call good evil , and evil good—and hence , the confusion of all nations , and the cause of aU asking , " Who will show us any good ?" These profound , yet all-important subjects , have been hitherto tabooed by the ignorance and prejudice ofthe human race . Their value for the creation of universal goodness , intelligence , and happiness , shall be explained in the succeeding communication .

      With respect for the high , and , at this crisis , most important , station in which an extraordinary combination of circumstances has placed your Majesty , I remain , Your Majesty ' s faithful subject , Robert Owen . London , 28 th Sept ., 1848 .

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      AND NATIQxNAL _Tf _$ _| _ES JOURNAL .

      Vol* Xl No 572* Lqndocsatubmy, Q Gtqbjr ...

      VOL * XL No 572 * _LQNDoCsATUBMY , Q _GTQBJR 7 _/ 1 _J 8 ; I " _nnlS _^ _OE

      Present And Future State Of Europe. Pabt...

      PRESENT AND FUTURE STATE OF EUROPE . _Pabt V . The anarchy of Europe , and the confusion and violence of all parties are daily increasing . The transition state is urgently required to calm men ' s minds , and to prepare them to become rational . This change , however , can never be effected until the falsehood on which society has been based , shall be openly and for ever abandoned , and the true fundamental principles shall be adopted .

      The transition state is to lead to this change of principle , and to a practice in conformity ; that is , to an entirelynewarrangementof circumstances for producing and distributing wealth , forming character from birth , and local , and general governing , and . to effect these in a manner greatly superior to any practiced in these departments even in any part of the world . This transition state will gradually lead to a long permanent and very superior condition of society ; a state in which all will be trained from their birth to feel , think , and act rationally , or in ; accordance with the laws of humanity . The language of all will be tbat of truth only , no motive being created or existing to express a falsehood in look , word , or

      action . Then will real goodness become universal , and every inferior circumstance of man ' s creation , which can influence the formation of one inferior quality in one individual , be most carefully excluded from every department in the business or enjoyment ef life . In fact , the business of life , by these means , will be made a source of perpetual pleasure and happiness . Under this change , it may be now asked , what will be the future state of Europe to which this transition will lead ?

      To answer this question with knowledge , it is necessary only to consider what will be permanently the best for all the inhabitants of Europe , and to remember that until a // shall be justly treated , no one can be permanently happy . It will be , beyond doubt , for the permanent happiness of every inhabitant of Europe—1 st . That it should , as speedily as practicable , without

      violence , become one people , with one language and one interest , having one general government , emanating from independent federative governments , in which local self-government will be attained in perfection without any ofthe inherent evils of elections . 2 nd . That the best arrangements for permanently producing the greatest amount of the best qualities of wealth , should be made , and also for its just distribution .

      3 rd . That permanent arrangements should be formed to create a Buperior physical , mental , moral , and practical character , from and before birth , for every one . 4 tb . That these arrangements should be united , to be the most convenient for forming societies of such numbers as will , in the best manner , accomplish the preceding results . Arrangements thus eonstituted will injure no one , but benefit all j and as soon as the irrationality , which has hitherto pervaded all minds of , every class , in every country , shall be overcome b y the introduction of truth to su-

      Present And Future State Of Europe. Pabt...

      persede falsehood , all : will seethe immense advantages of this change , and desire to effect it . When this veil of ignorance can be removed , then will be evident the folly and wickedness arising from the present insane divisions of Europe into different languages and opposing interests , with contendingtarmies for destroying life and property , and wasting the labour of all . . Then there will he no Germany , France , Italy , Prussia , Russia , Denmark , Sweden , Bel gium , Spain , Portugal , Switzerland , & c , or Great Britain . It will be I ? Mro » e and

      Europeans , without any absurd opposing divisionwithout the slightest necessity for standing armies or ecclesiastic establishments , now the force and fraud by which nations and individuals are divided and kept in hatred to each other , and by which all are trained , from birth , in falsehood , fear _^ and crime , and in a system of j universal deception . , _^ "Npr yet / will there be custom-houses or passports- or any such arrangements of slavery . ; - What , miseries , what _orimesj what waste of human faculties and means , have these insane divisions of languages and names produced 1 What divisions / crimes , and miseries are they now producing throughout Europe ! Of what real benefit have these divisions

      ever been to iany individual _?^^ ho is , _to-jday , benefitted by them ? Is not every inhabitant of Europe now a grievous sufferer by these useless , insane , disuniting , artificial causes of dislike , opposition , and contests ? Talk of German unity—of Italy being united—of peace between these opposing names—when all from birth are trained in princip les of disunion ;—as well may men talk of the earth remaining dry when the clouds pour continued rain upon it . Remove the universal cause of disunion , and all minor causes—as those of language , artificial names , and localities , are made to be—will soon cease , and be no more remembered , except as the period of the past follies of the irrational existence of

      humanity . Well-meaning men and women may hold a Congress in favour of universal peace , in Brussels , or elsewhere ; but such meetings will be for ever in vain until the primary cause of disunion among the human race shall be eradicated , root and branch , out of society . "When this shall be done , universal peace will be a necessary consequence . It will be then easily attained , and as easily maintained . Let , then , all intelligent and good men and women—as far as the present irrational system of falsehood can admit of intelligence and goodness being formed—now exert afi their influence to remove out of society the great evil

      of the world , the sole cause of all falsehood , hypocrisy , disunion , and crime , with all their endless miseries , Remove this cause , and wars will cease—poverty will nowhere exist—ignorance will rapidly disappear—crimes will be unknown—truth alone will be the language of the world—charity will be pure and universal —class , and sect , and party , and country , with all their criminal disuniting influences , will die their natural death , and men will be known only as members of the same family , whereever they may be , cordially united in all sincerity , to promote each other ' s knowledge , excellence , and happiness .

      All attempts , with the present ill-formed mind based on falsehood and early-trained deception , to unite Germany , or Italy , or France , or Great Britain and Ireland , are as vain as to attempt to empty the sea with a sieve . Before nations can be united , the cause of disunion between individuals must be removed , and then the otherwise eternal difference between aristocracy and democracy , between language , and local names , will cease . Then will Lord John Russell and Sir Robert Peel , the Earl of Aberdeen and Lord Palmerston , Mr Cobden and Mr Disraeli , M . Thiers and M .

      Louis Blanc , General Cavaignac and Prince Louis Napoleon Bonaparte , and the other innumerable opposing individuals over Europe and America , become united and advocate the same simple principles and practices which can alone make all good , intelligent , truthful , prosperous , united , and happy . But until society shall thus descend to the root ofthe evil and utterly destroy it , the talk of these statesmen will have as much effect , and no more , towards ameliorating the permanent condition of nations , as the cawing of rooks in a rookery .

      It is time that the population ofthe world should now know the truth _^ and be no longer deceived by vain talking , calculated only to mystify . All men should be engaged in the true business of life j that is—to create and distribute wealth , form character , and govern in the best manner , apracticewhichcanbe accomplished only by gradually abandoning all the existing inferior arrangements which _falsehood and ignorance have everywhere created both in town and country , and superseding _thereby a gradual new creation of superior circumstances , which may now be effected with incalculable advantages to all in every country , and with less than a tenth of the capital and labour required to continue the present insane system of gross falsehood , and its necessary oppressions and

      crimes . With the discoveries—physical and mental —which have been latterly perfected , it will be downright madness and insanity in governments or people lenger to attempt to prop a worn-out system , based solely on falsehood and constructed to produce , in practice , vie ' and misery , through all its ramifications . It will be now true wisdom , in all parties , in all countries , quietly and with foresight , to graduall y supersede this system , producing and re-producing evil continually , for another based solely on truth , and constructed to continually produce and re-produce good to all of the human race , as hereafter shall be more fully explained . Robert Owen . London , 3 rd Oct ., 1848 .

      Rational Eatffl (Somum

      _Rational _Eatffl ( Somum

      Baisroli—The Quarterly Meeting Of The Br...

      _BaisroLi—The quarterly meeting of the Bristol branoh of the National Land Company was held at Mr Riohard Castle ? , Mill-street , on Monday , Ootober 2 nd , Mr ThomaB Hall ia the chair . After Borne pecuniary business , the following persons were elected officers of the looality : —W . H . Hyatt , treasurer ; C . J . Olark , secretary ; J . Dyer , _sorntineer ; H . _Fiok , Thomas flail , A . H , Browing , J . Fowler , and J . Marsh—oommittee . The following was then agreed to : — 'That this branch meet every Monday evening , at half-past seven o ' clock . ' Maidstone . —At the usual weekly meeting of thia branoh , Mr Riohard _Casingham was elected to represent the members of the several branches comprising the district to whioh _Maidstone may belong at the forthcoming Convention .

      &Lt;S4)Arttft Fthmlt&Enm A Aa^Wui »* **V—**"* *V* *%Y%^^ R,*Tf. R\F\*\J%^ /* F F, Sis* *, Aa^ ^A A*.

      < S 4 ) arttft ftHMlt & enm a _aa _^ wui »* _** _v—** _" * _* v * _* _% y _% _^^ _r , _* _tf . _r \ _f _\*\ _j % _^ /* _f f , _SIS * _* , _AA _^ _^ A a * .

      Metropolitan Central Victim And Dbfencb ...

      Metropolitan Central Victim and Dbfencb Fond . —Receipts from September 24 tb _, to Ootober lat : —83 , Dean-street , Soho , ii . 9 d , ; from Leigh and _Astley , per Mr Daly , £ 1 6 ' . ; Nottingham , per James Sweet , Is' 4 d ; Shelthorp , per Mr Moses , 2 * . ; Mr Rider , as per Stab , September 30 h , £ 2 la . 2 d ; Ernest Jones looality , per Mr _Itohings , 8 s . 2 d . ; Brunswick Ball , per Mr Bailey , 5 * . ; Globe and Friends , per Mr Knowles , 89 . 61 . ; Kentish Town , per Mr Cox , 5 s . ; Cigar-makers , Two Sawyers , Minories , per Mr Brisk , 6 s . ; Mr Jarvis , Ib , ; Mrs _Jarvis , oi ; 0 . C , City , ls . ; Mr Roberts , for Defence , ls . —Total , £ 5 10 s . Sd . — -James Grassby , ?« -retary , , * . _^ *

      ' National Land Company. R- Conference ^...

      _' national land company . r- conference _^ delegates . The Board of Directors having decided upon holdings Conference at Birmingham ; on Monday , October 30 th , they have to call the attention of the various branches to the following role * in tho nomination and election of delegates : — 1 st . —That meetings of branches shall be beld hetween Monday next , the . 9 h inst , and Monday , 16 th , for the purpose of nominating candidates . 2 nd . —That it shall he competent for-any two members to propose a candidate at a branch meet * ing , but the name of the candidate who receives _- _^ _ViTTOVAT . T . ANT 1 rm-mwv

      the highest number of votes at the branch meeting only ; shall he sent to the district secretary . 3 rd . —That all such nominations shall be _seiv by branch secretaries to district secretaries , on or before _Thursdjy _, 19 th inst . Any nomination received by any district secretary after tbat date , shall not be considered valid . 4 th . —That it shall be imperative upon each district secretary , to notify to the several branch _s-ioretaries in bis district , on or before Monday , the 23 rd inst ., the names of all candidates wboBe nomingtions may have been received by him , in accordance with rule 3 rd . 5 th . —That meetings of branches shall be helif on Monday , the 23 rd inst ., for the purposeof _ms-ling *

      an election from the list of candidates ,, which will have been by that time forwardedjby _dislric : to branch secretaries for such purpose . 6 th .- —That branch secretaries shall communicate to district secretaries the result of the decision * & the meetings on the 23 rd inst ., on or before the 26 th , so that district secretaries shall have _tim : _j to notify elections to successful candidates . 7 th . —That in ease any district or branch _sewetaries should ; 'be themselves candidate _^ , ; -it , wilt then be the duty _blithe members ,, to ' appoint other and disinterested persons to perform , the- / duty of retiming officers . ¦ ¦ : ¦ ¦ v ¦ _/;¦¦ ['"' ¦¦ ' ¦ '""•" ing officers . ' . ?;• v _¦' _;¦¦ '' _"' ¦¦'¦ '""•" ; _,

      8 th . —That _& ach distriot shall bear the expense of its own- 'delegate to the Conference , as- ' w < : il a * all expenses of his election . 9 th . —Branches not enumerated in the folio , ring lUt of districts will vote in . that district , the district oftowrisbf which may he _nearest _tirthem . 10 tb . — Where districts hare to return two delegates , branches can nominate two candidates . NORTHAMPTON DISTRICT . Secretary ; William _Munday . _Silver-straut—Peterborough , _WeHinborongb , Kettering , _Th-apatone .

      COVENTRY DISTRICT . Secretary ; William Hosier , Coach and Ho ? sei Yard , Much Park-street—Warwick , _Leamifiston , Daventry , Long Buckly , Stoney Stratford , _Newport Pagnoll . OXFORD DISTRICT . Secretary ; John _Bridgewater , _Paradise-equars—Banbury , Minster _Lorel , Witney , HighWye _^ _niba O'Connorville . SWINDON DISTRICT . Secretary ; David Morrison , 2 Bath Btreet . New Town—Newbury , Reading , _Woetton _Bas-ett , Devizes , Bradford ( Wilts ) , Trowbridge , Fryme , Salisbury , Market Lavington .

      SHEFFIELD DISTRICT . Seoretary ; George Cvrill , 33 , _Qaeen-streev ~ . Shef field , Rotherham . _Doncaster , Barnsley , _Wowbro Common .

      NOTTINGHAM DISTRICT . Secretary ; James Sweet , _Gooae-gate—Nottiagharn , Newark , ManBfield , Sutton in _Ashfield , Cawington , New Radford , East Retford . DERBY _DISTRICT : Seorefcary ; W . Crabtree , Rotten-row-street—Darby , _Balper , Burrowa-h , Lough _barough . LEICESTER DISTRICT . Secretary ; W . Astill , Church-gate — Leicester , Mount Sorrell , & c . MANCHESTER DISTRICT ( Two Members ) . Seoretary ; William Foster , 12 , _Alioe-Btreet , D ? won . _ahire-street—Holme , Newton Heath , _Middhiton , Eccles , Salford . WIGAN DISTRICT .

      Seoretary ; Thomas Sinclair , Duke-street— _Lrunber _* head-green , _lYarriogtoa , Birkenhead , Liverpool . PRESTON DISTRICT . Secretary ; James Brown , 71 , _Park-Bfcreet—Preston Chor ley , Lancaster , Clitheroe . BOLTON DISTRIOT . Secretary ; William Pickvance , 18 Duncan-street—Bolton _* Bury , Hoywood , Leigh , Ratcliffe Bridge . BLACKBURN DISTRICT . Secretary ; Mr Newbigging , 5 i , _Threstle-stieot , _Blackburn—Haslingden , Accrington , _O-waldtwistle , TEIGNMOUTU DISTRICT . Seoretary ; James Edwards , Hat _manufaoturar—Teignmouth , Truro , Plymouth , _Totneaa , _Newton Abbott , Exeter .

      TIVERTON DISTRICT . Seoretary ; Henry Land , Prospeotplace—Tiverton , Barnstaple , Bridgwater , South Molton , _fJoU lnmpton , Wellington , Taunton . BRISTOL DISTRICT . Secretary ; The Seeretary of the Bristol Branoh—Bath , Merthyr Tydrill , Newport , Abergavenny , Monmouth .

      CHELTENHAM DISrRIOT . Seoretary ; Charles Hyett , Patk . end , Queen-street —Gloucester , Cirencester , _Stow-on . theWold , _tTpton-on Severn , Lowbands , Snig ' s End . WORCESTER DISTRICT . Seoretary ; James Harding , City Arms—Kidder * minster , Pershore , Bromsgrove , Stourbridge , Malvern . BRADFORD DISTRICT . Seoretary ; John Smith , 2 , Thomas-street , Ma &» _ohester-road—Idle , Otley , ClaytonWeBt , Bramhope--LEFDS DISTRICT . Seoretary ; William Hewitt , Chapel-Btreefc-Leeds Armby , Holbeok .

      HULL DISTRICT . Secretary ; George Barnett , 177 , High-street—Selby , York , Scarborough , Grantham . NEWCASTLE DISTRICT ( Two Members ) . Secretary ; Mr Niabett , 10 . _Gibson-street—Newoaatle-on-Tyne , Windy Nook , North and South Shields , Carlisle , Sunderiasd , Durham , Bishopswearmouth , _Eaaington-lane , Thornley , Hexham , Hartlepool , Cockermouth . BILSTON DISTRIOT . Secretary ; William _Furniral , Holloway ' _a-build * _inga . —Dudley , Wolverhampton , Walsall , Wedne * _- bury _. Smethwiok . BIRMINGHAM DISTRICT .

      Secretary * , Charles Goodwin , 1 * 3 , _Darwen . _'straet . STAFFORDSHIRE POTTERIES DISTRICT , Secretary ; Henry FoBter , Etruria . — Hanleyt Longton , Bursiem _, Crewe , Congleton . STOCKPORT DISTRICT . Secretary ; Thomas _Woodhouse , 4 , Angel-street , Hillgate . —Stookport , Chester , Marple _, Macclesfield , Hyde . ASHTON DISTRICT . Seoretary ; Jamea Taylor , Turner-lane . —Ashton , Stalybridge , Mottram , GloBsop , Duckinfield , Momley , Droylsden .

      BURNLEY DISTRICT . Secretary ; Mr Henry Smith , _Curzin-street _.- _* Colne , _BarrowBford , Padiham , Baoup , Todmorden , Skipton , _Hebden-bridge . ROCHDALE DISTRICT . Seoretary ; Edward Mitchel , 55 . Cheetham-street _, -Rochdale , Oldham , Hollenwood . HALIFAX DISTRICT . Seoretary ; J . S . \ nderson , Black Ledge , Keigkv ley , Elland , Sowerby , Wakefield .

      HUDDERSFIELD DISTRICT . Secretary ; Mr Stead , at Cook's and Co ' * . _—Hudc derefield , Dewsbury , Littletown , Holmfirth . WINCHESTER DISTRICT . Seoretary ; George _Sturg _. s , Hair -dresser , Uppej _Buok-Btreet—Isle of Wight , Portsmouth , Jersey , Southampton , Gosport , Blandford . BRIGHTON DISTRICT . Secretary ; George Giles , 23 , Victoria-street—Brighton , Chatham , Maidstone , Tonbridge Welts , Lewes , Merton , Orayford , Dover , Dorking , & 3 .

      CHELMSFORD DISTRICT . Seoretary ; Mr Dawsett , Old Royal Oak Inn—Romford , _Beainfroe , Bury St . Edmund ' s , _Colchaster ; Ipswiob , _Brightlingsea . NORWICH DISTRIC V . Seoretary ; Mr R . A . Olark , 98 , Potter _Gate—Wisbeaofa , Lynn , Ely , Brandon , Yarmouth , Cambridge . LONDON DISTRICT _.-fwo Members . Secretary ; James Grassby , No . 8 , Noah ' a Atk « court , Stangate . —London , _iGreenwioh , Stratford , Hammersmith , Chehea , and Woolwich .

      Scotland. Glasgow District. Seeretary; D...

      SCOTLAND . GLASGOW DISTRICT . Seeretary ; Dunoan Sherrington , Romford street Bridge Tewn—Greenook , Alexandria , Paisley , Barrhead , Hamilton , Campsie Falkirk , and Danny . EDINBURGH DISTRICT Seoretary ; Mr Cumming , No . 14 , —Georgie Mills , Crieff , Alloa , Alva , dee , Perth , Arbroath , and Aberdeen . Thomas Clark

      . ¦ ^ A

      . ¦ _^ A

      , Kilraarnojofc* , Linlitbiovrl ; . / -^...

      , Kilraarnojofc _* , LinlitbiovrL ; . / - _^ . '" _ _U'Jg _Duncaniatreat _^ _Kirkatfjr _. 'TjidB i ' , _, - < — .. 'C . , Cor . _Seci : r- _VW -- '• • ' _jl _/' r ¦'• . !' . ' Kilraarnpjohj- _—**>^ , Linli _thlioTti _^ fX _. _ncanla _^ _fe v _^ jj _®^' rkaljlt , T ) _ufcv- ' , _% _- _^' , i 5 _«^ _5 ; j _C _; ' _^ _pyV _& M r . _vu . ' ¦ _- _•^\ wL _^ _fV _j i * - K ' _-0 _CM * v £ i _^¦{^ hv . _Vv _' . w / b ) ! _vo 5 / ,

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Oct. 7, 1848, page 1, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_07101848/page/1/