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Northern Star (1837-1852), 7th September 1850, Edition 3 of 3, Page 5, Thb Murder of, the Countess o» Gokrltm.—...

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      What Should A People'sparliament Do ? Th...

      yelopeaaent of the resources of the soil by looting up estates with encumbrances , so that cap ital cannot be applied to them ; and large districts , especially in Ireland and Scotland , have either been abandoned as -waste , or left io the occupation of a pauper tenantry . The" Encumbered Estates Act has of late somewhat diminished these evils , and may be looked upon as the first step and practical illustration of a series of progressive measures , tending to the fall and complete freedom ofthe soil , at which a People ' s Parliament would constantly aim . . i . _~ f + l , _~ — . _*„ ,.,., ¦ ,., » „ f * _•» . » _„ : i -k _^

      It is impossible to over estimate the evils which arise from the present territorial system of this country . The English law albws the settlement of estates for twenty-one years beyond the lives of persons in existence at the time the settlement takes effect , -which in the families of the nobility is usually upon the marriage of the eldest son . The greater portion of the soil is therefore left without any proper ownership , and is so held , that its improvement , so far as it depends upon any considerable outlay of capital , is impossible . The apparent possessors of estates have only

      a life interest in them , and cannot sell an acre of land , or even lease it , excepting for short periods , % vithout the consent of the next heir , -who may , perhaps , be unborn , or a minor . In Scotland , where the law of entail is even less limited than in England , the result is a gradual depopulation of the Hi g hlands , and the shutting up of -whole counties for forest deer . The evil extends to all property held in trust , -whether for private or public purposes . The trustees of charity estates are unable to grant building leases , excepting when empowered

      to do so by p rivate acts . As first steps to the due and proper cultivation and ownership of the soil , a People s Parliament ought to abolish primogeniture and entail in their various existing shapes , and prohibit all future settle ments or testamentary bequests , that do not vest rig hts of ownership in the hands of living adult persons . By these means the gigantic Land monopoly might be gradually abolished , and . the whole people be at length enabled to live in peace and prosperity on the Land which God has given to them , and not to any class or section whatsoever .

      "We find that our space is exhausted for this week . In another article we shall try to indicate the measures which , in connexion with those we have outlined for the mutual welfare of the people , would promote their intellectual and moral improvement and elevation .

      Of The Of The Soil The Perpetration Of T...

      _Sepiember 7 , 1850 . _^ _^_ „____ THE NORTHERN STAR __________ 5 _" _l """ _" ~ _"" "" " '""" " "'" ' _' — "— ' _** - _**¦ ' ¦ *— - - ¦¦! ¦ Ti - _. r- - _i - _1 ! - ¦ _¦ ¦ ¦ _. - „¦¦__

      Popular Justice And Hatred Of Tyranny. T...

      POPULAR JUSTICE AND HATRED OF TYRANNY . The Absolutist journals have themselves to blame for the attack upon one of their pets _, on "Wednesday , Haynau , the Austrian butcher and woman-flogger , would never have had the audacity to profane our shores , or to pollute our streets with his presence , if he had not believed that the English people were represented by the Times and the Chronicle . He has learned to his cost that this is not the case , and that , however the Press may endeavour to hoodwink the people , or misrepresent the

      popular feeling , a cordial , instinctive , and universal detestation of tyranny , its tools and abettors pervades the masses of this country . It has often been made a reproach to us that , as a people , we are apathetic and uninformed as to the movements in other countries , and regard the struggles of foreign nations for liberty with heartless or ignorant indifference . However just that reproach may have been in times past , there is not the slig htest foundation for it now . It is evident , in a thousand ways , that the masses do take a deep , earnest , and living interest in the struggles of their oppressed brethren everywhere 1

      —sympathise with their sufferings , and detest their oppressors with a hatred as intense as is the love and veneration they feel for the patriots who have nobly led their countrymen in the conflict for freedom . Had the g lorious Kossuth inscribed his name in the visiting-book of Bakclay ' s Brewery on "Wednesday , instead of _Hyena-HAYSAU , we have no doubt that the utterance of that revered name would have elicited as instantaneous and fervent a demonstration of enthusiasm , admiration , and hero-worship , as that of the pitiless and bloodstained tool of the despot did of spontaneous disgust , abhorrence , and not unnatural or unr justifiable violence .

      It may be said , however , in deprecation of this instinctive exhibition of popular feeling , that it was a violation of that indiscriminate hospitality and courtesy which we pride ourselves npon showing to all foreigners , whatever may be their political opinions or reputations . To this there appears to us to be a ready and complete repl y . We have no objection to give shelter and protection to those who flv from political storms in their own country for refuge to our shores . They come to us recommended by their misfortunes ; and separated as we naturally are , from the lands in which they may have taken an active part

      in political strife , we are not called upon to identify ourselves with any specific political party in its individual hatred , or to aid it when it may desire to strike down a powerful and obnoxious opponent . We all know , too well , how blind , infuriated and unreasonable party feeling makes men at certain contingencies—how , at such times , the machinery of justice , instead of interposing an obstruction between the oppressors in power and their coveted prey , become in , the hands of prejudiced or terrified persons , the instruments of the grossest injustice aud tyranny , is it not far better that Lows Blanc aud LEDEU

      Bollix should be free in England , than expiating their attachment to the princi ples of the Republique _Democralique et Sociale , in the dungeons of Yincennes , or some other dreary fortress ? Their time may come again , and they will be the more useful to their country for having endured hardships and exile . We are equally read y to give shelter to those who , holding very opposite opinions , have , in the course of time , been driven from places for which , they were unfit , aud deprived ef powers they abused or perverted . Brave men trample not upon fallen foes . But we cannot _think

      there is any comparison between such political fugitives , who come to us for protection from persecution , and possibly injustice , and those who having disinguished themselves by the ferocity , cruelty , and atrocity of their career , in crushing the efforts of oppressed and struggling nationalities , presume to obtrude themselves upon our notice as curious visitants , and provoke criticism or maltreatment by the audacity of their approach . So far from feeling that there was anything to be condemned in the spontaneous and irrepressible burst of indignation which broke out on discovering that

      a man , whose name is everywhere infamous , was amongst us we rejoice in this open manifestation ofthe abomination which his odious , bloodstained , and _villanous career has excited in the English mind . At the mere sound of his name the whole ofthe working population "turned out "— draymen , porters , coalheavers , and labourers—all the varied sections ofthe vast industrious multitude who ply their occupations b y the banks of the Thames deserted them on the instant , aud rushed out , en masse in pursuit of the object of

      then * execrations . The movement was without premeditation , and , therefore , all the moro _sio-- ! nificant . It was a sudden outburst of sentiments and feelings , more ardent and strong as they have been long suppressed—an abrupt but earnest manifestation of the sympath y with which the masses , of the English people have always regarded the brave and high minded struggles of the Hungarians , and the horror with which they have watched the brutalities and sickening cruelties perpetrated by tbeir Austrian and Bussian conquerors . In

      Popular Justice And Hatred Of Tyranny. T...

      the perpetration of these brutalities and cruelties , Marshal Haynau shone pre-eminently However heartless and revolting may have been the instructions of the monsters he served he must have refined upon and improved them from the dictates of a fiendish nature to which such occupation s were , of themselves , too welcome and personall y pleasant . Yet it is such a monster as this that Baron Eothsflin -n Arnptratinn nf _tliooo I , * ., * .. ! :. * .. _^

      CHILD introduces as " his friend Marshal _UAYSAU ! the man who has been selected by the citizens of London to represent the great principle of perfect religious and civil liberty , in whose behalf so much good will has been shown , is not ashamed to call the desolator of Hungary his " friend . " " Birds of a feather" they say "flock together , " and a man is to be" known by his friends . If so , we advise the electors of London to look to it

      in time , and to take means which Baron Rothschild cannot mistake or misunderstand , for the purpose of showing him , that no " friend" of Marshal Hayjiau is worthy ofthe place of a British Legislator , As to the blood-stained perpetrator of so many deeds of cruel atrocity , the reception he experienced on Wednesday should convince him that this is no country for him . The sooner he hies to congenial shores the better . Here , at least , if he remains , he must prowl about in disguise , and shroud himself in

      ignoble obscurity . We must not be insulted b y his avowed presence among Englishmen . Shaving off his moustachios and changing his name , are two imperative preliminary steps , if he wishes to avoid a Bankside reception , wherever he makes his appearance .

      Exportation Of Labourers. Gravesend Was ...

      EXPORTATION OF LABOURERS . Gravesend was , on Monday , the scene ofa festivity pregnant with suggestions to a reflective mind , and perhaps without any parallel in this country . On that day , the working class emigrants who have been selected to form the new Church Colony of Canterbury , in New Zealand , were entertained , to thc number of six hundred , with a substantial dinner , by the magnates of the Association . They sat down under a large marquee , every corner of which was filled -with aristocratic

      and middle class visitors ; were presided over by a peer ; and frequently and warmly addressed by the future bishop of the colony . It is not our intention at present to discuss the peculiarities of the system of colonisation proposed by Lord _LvxiLEioif , and his " noble , " " rig ht hon ., '' "right rev ., " and reverend coadjutors , further than to say , that it is a sectarian application of a great and valuable principle . It may be added , thatin as far as it is sectarian it is defective , and calculated in its results to disappoint those who think they can adopt sound princi p les to unsound undertakings .

      In looking at the crowded tables , however , it was easy for a practiced eye to see that no small care and judgment had been exercised in the selection ofthe working classes , who are to become the bone and sinew of the new settlement . The greater proportion were unmistakeabl y tillers of the soil , and their hard y visages , embrowned by exposure to the sun and the wind , contrasted strikingly with those of the pale , but more thoughtful and intelligentlooking town bred artisan and labourer . It was impossible to look at them as they sat grouped in families , in which the "olive branches" were neither "few nor far between , without reverting mentally to the causes which contribute to drive them from

      their native land to become hewers of wood and drawers of water for a new aristocracy at the Antipodes . The children we then saw around us are _( _Jestined , b y the Canterbury Association , to become the fathers and mothers of a new race of Proletarians , strictl y brought up to honour and obey their pastors , masters , and spiritual teachers , and duly to reverence all those who are in authority over them . Had they remained * here the interests of the aristocracy would have required tbat they and their parents

      should be treated as troublesome vermin , very difficult to be kept down . Education , employment , kind words and treatment would have all been unknown to them . The gaol for the adult poacher ; the workhouse , with , its inferior fare and penal disci p line , to the hel p less , and not criminal part of the families , would , most probably , have been the fate of the majority of them . They breed too fast for their masters here , and it needs such regimen as " skilly , " and such treatment as workhouse officials are accustomed to give those placed under their charge , to keep them down .

      But the tables are turned when they are wanted to fertilise lands at present barren , and where labour is at a premium . Then we hear nothing but laudation of the worth , value , and virtues of the working classes , as the very backbone of the state—the foundation on which the whole superstructure of society is laid . Then those who in this country decree to labour the scanty and stinted dole of parochial charity , and make the wretch moisten his grudgingly-given crust with tears , shed at the insolence and the insults of the givers , are feted , flattered , and caroused . Roast beef and plum pudding , and fine words , are not too good for such an important and valuable class , under such circumstances .

      If the working classes reall y thought upon these things as they ought to do , this system of alternate oppression and cajolery would be estimated at its true value . They would take measures , whether at home or in the colonies , to make labour honourable and respectableduties and rewards co-ordinate . At present , we regret to say , they are too divided — too apathetic—too selfish—and too shortsi ghted to effect their emancipation . The aristocratic and middle classes have cut them off in sections , because they have not learned how to act upon the important lesson , that "knowledge is strength ; " and that the interest of

      every soldier in the army of industry is identical with the interest of every other soldier in that army , no matter how different the work , or how widely severed they may be by distance , and apparently by occupation . A national union ofthe industrious classes devoted to constructive purposes , can alone save them from the inferior and degraded position which , notwithstanding their admitted importance , they now occupy . Such a union would make happy homes for the millions in our native land ; and when the workers did depart to other and distant lands , it would be to subdue the wilderness for themselves , not for pampered priests and an idle aristocracy .

      Monies Received Fob In* Week Ending Thur...

      MONIES RECEIVED Fob in * Week Ending Thursdat _, Sepiembkb 5 tji , 1850 . FOB THE WINDING-UP OF TEE LAMB COUP AM . Received by W . Rideb Newton Heath , per A . Faulkner H-J ? ottingliam , per J . Sweet ls _Dd-Bolion , per W . W . Pickvance 3 s 6 il . ' _„ , ' , Keceived at Land Office . —Foster , Manchester 10 s—Benjamin Riches 2 s ( id — Francis Davies 6 d — George ThompsouSd . Received by "W . Rider .. .. 15 3 Ueceived at Land Office .. .. 0 13 8 Total £ 118 11

      THE HONESTY FUND . Received by W . Rideb . —Newton Heath , per A . Faulkner lias ld-afeiv Chartists , Bolton -IsGd—Nottingham , per J . Sweet 9 s 2 d . FOR WIACNAMARA'S ACTION . Received by W . Rideb . —Leicester , per T , Graves 2 s Gd . FOR MRS- LACEY . Received at Laud Office , —Benjamin Riches Gd . FOR WIDOWS OF THE LATE MESSRS . WILLIAMS

      AND SHARP . Deceived by "W . R _ E _ - _ r . Coppley , Bradford ls-Mr , T . _Umplehv , Bradford 6 d . VICTIM FUND . _Ueceived . by "ff . _Hi » H > , _ Leicester , per T . Graves 2 s 6 d .

      The Executive Committee Of The ^ I< L N ...

      THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE _^ l ri r , _^ S ABTER ASSOCIATION TO THE ELECTORS AND _NON-ELECTOBS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM

      Friends , —It is an undeniable lact , that tbis mighty empire is governed by a representative despotism ; by a combination of interest in direct antagonism to every princi ple of justice ; by a system whicb produces for the worthless idler pomp , splendour , and extravagance , with every luxury that his pampered and vicious appetite may desire ; while for the noble-hearted , honest , and toiling wealth-producer , its fruits are scorn , contempt , want , misery , starvation , and death .

      It must be palpable to every thinking and intelligent man that this system will continue so Ions as the House of Commons is composed of such corrupt materials as at present , and the question arises what can be done to send into that assembly at the next general election some fifty or sixty consistent , discreet , incorruptible , and high-minded men , who , banded together , will , with untiring assiduity , undaunted energy , and indomitable spirit , expose the wrongs , and demand the rights of the oppressed classes ? The purpose we have in view in now addressing you is , to recommend to your serious attention what we consider to be a practical and legitimate mode of effecting this most desirable object . As a general election may soon arrive , we beg to recommend that with the least possible delay ,

      registration and election committees may be formed in every city , town , village , and hamlet throughout Great Britain and Ireland , that such committees , when constituted , will exert their utmost energies to search out every cue eli gible to vote who will support a Chartist candidate , and if their names are not on the register , that they will at once see that this moat important business is attended to . Let them select men of the above description , and being convinced of their sterling character , let them be brought forward , and every available means adopted to secure their election . Relative to other duties which will devolve on the committees , we with much pleasure refer thein to an able address : " To the Democrats of Great Britain and Ireland , " written by Dr . Frith , of Bradford , Yorkshire , and published in the Nortiiern Star , July 27 th , 1850 .

      To you , the electoral bod y , we appeal to aid us in this important enterprise , because in your hands are placed the destinies of millions , * because you have the power to destroy the present monstrous system , and establish one on a just and secure basis . Many of you , we are aware , despise and treat with contempt tho industrious classes . To such , we say , a day of reckoniugis near ; therefore be wise in time . We are also aware that many among you do sympathise with and deplore the miseries of your poorer brethren , and that , through

      bad trade , high rents , heavy rates and taxes , you have just cause to complain of tho burthens that are pressing you down , you sec ruin to be inevitable , and yet , by your vote and influence , you are supporting the very system that is crushing you . We call on you to awake , and to be no longer the blind devotees to what is called " rank and respectability . " Throw off your subserviency to the aristocracy ; and come boldl y forward and exercise the power you possess for the good of your common country .

      To you , the unenfranchised millions , we also appeal , to assist in this work . Do not for one moment imagine that you cannot render service in this , to you , the most vital question which can affect your interests . On the contrary , you can do much in supporting those , and only those , who will stand by and see that justice is done to your order . Tou can lend great and efficient aid in farming the ' various committees _^ nnd collecting funds to carry out tbis great object . If you desire to see yourselves emancipated from jour present thraldom , enjoy the fruits of your industry , of which you are now plundered j occupy that elevated moral , social , and political position you have a ri ght to , —then we say , arouse , and be determined that the existing state of things shall no longer continue .

      _ In conclusion , we say , let there be a cordial unanimity of sentiment , purpose , aud action in this laudable undertaking , and success will be the result . We desire to add , that should the Committees , or any friend , require instructions as to the necessary forms to be attended to in registration , we advise them to forthwith procure " The Hand-Book of Registration , " published by . the National Election and _Registration Committee , at threepence , but which can now be obtained at half-price of Mr . Watson , 3 , Queen ' s Head-passage , Paternoster-row . Signed on behalf of the Executive Committee , John Arkoit , General Secretary . 14 , Southampton-street , Strand , September 4 th , 1850 .

      The Stbike At Wolverhampton. We Have Rec...

      THE _STBIKE AT WOLVERHAMPTON . We have received the subjoined letter from a solicitor with reference to the monstrous injustice committed by the incarceration of Fenton for three months in Stafford Gaol , for the alleged offence of being absent from work for one day . We trust the decided opinion expressed by our correspondent , as to the illegality of the committal , will induce the Central Committee of the National Association , to bring the case before a Jud ge b y a writ of habeas .

      TO TnE EDITOR OP TIIK NORTHERN STAR . Sir , —I have been for some weeks past a not uninterested spectator of the struggles of Mr . E . Perry to bind his workmen to the terras of an illegal agreement ; and at all hazards—both to the sacrifice of his reputation and his conscience—to supply with money and legal assistance those men who , either from timidity or lukewarmness to their own interests , and that of their fellow workmen , happen to fall into any disputes with others of their trade who have more courage , and less subservient minds than themselves .

      My attention has been forcibl y arrested by a statement contained in your report of tbo case of Wehtworth , and published in your paper of the Slst August . It is there alleged , and on the authority of Mr . Henry Underhill , that a man named Fenton is at present languishing in Stafford Gaol , having been committed there for three months , by the berough magistrates , at the instance of Mr . j _^ crry , under precisely similar circumstances to those contained in Vie charge against Wentworth , On reading this statement , I concluded Mr . E . Perry would have been advised by his solicitor to interfere with the committing magistrates , and obtain the release of this man from prison . On inquiry , I find no

      such step has been taken . I can scarcel y suppose Mr . E . Perry ' s solicitor can presume to set up the dictum of two respectable tradesmen against the opinion of such men as Mr . Leigh and Mr . Loxdale . And how Mr . Perry can permit this man wrongfully to be incarcerated , for three months in Stafford Gaol , I am at a loss to conceive ; and ( without impugning the honesty ofthe unwilling maeistrates ] I should have thought good taste enough pervaded the mind of Mr . Perry ' s solicitor to induce him to urge this course , when he reflected that one of those magistrates was a person connected with a trade verging on Mr . Perry ' s and his own father . lam sir , & c , & c AX EXEMV TO IXJUSTICE . Wolverhampton , Sept . 3 rd , 1850 .

      Autographic Press.—An Invention Has Been...

      Autographic Press . —An invention has been patented wliich is likely to prove of great utility to public companies and men of business generally . It consists of a press and materials , by moans of which any person may , from a document previously _written on paper , reproduce any required number of copies . Circulars , letters , prospectuses , _ c , can be produced by this invention with the greatest facility ;• and any number of designs , music , plans , _ c , may be expeditiously printed in the same manlier . The apparatus is extremely simple , and i 3 all contained in a box of small size , perfectly portable . It will become a great desideratum to merchants in the colonies , and will be found very useful at the chief offices of banks , in suspending

      the necessity for copying any number of circulars which it may be necessary to send to tho branches from time to time . We understand it has received the patronage of his Royal Ilighness Prince Albert , and it is the invention of Messrs . Watcrlow and Sons , London-wall , by whom it has been patented . The Census of 1851 . —The Act for taking Account of the Population of Great Britain , 13 and 14 Victoria , cap . 53 , is about to be brought into force , and the arrangements for carrying it out have already _commenced . The day fixed by tho act for taking the census in England is the 31 st of March , 1 S 51 . By the second section , "one of her Majesty ' s principal Secretaries is empowered to appoint persons to take such account , and to propose for such persons such forms and instructions as he shall deem necessary , < fcc . ; and further , all the expenses incurred under the act aro provided for . By

      these full powers , Sir George Grey , to whose department , as Home Secretary , this matter belongs , is empowered to take the necessary steps for its accomplishment . Had he chosen to follow tho precedent of 1841 , when Mr . Lister ( the registrargeneral ) , the Hon . Colonel Phipps , and Mr . Varden , were appointed commissioners to take the census , he was authorised to do so . Sir George Grey , however , with a desire to carry out the provisions of the act in thei manner most conducive to economy , has appointed only one commissioner , and that is the registrar-general , Major Graham , who will be entitled to make tbe staff of his own office subservient to the proposed inquiry . Mr . Horace Mann , barrister , is appointed to he assistant-commissioner . From the precautions , as well as . tbe instructions issued by the Home Ofiice , care is taken that the enumeration shall be conducted in the most economical as well as the most efficient manner ,

      National Association Of United Traded T....

      NATIONAL _ASSOCIATION OF UNITED _TRADED T . S . Duncombe , Esq ., " M . P ., _President Established . , 1845 . " FIAT _JOSTIIIA . " _wlul _i _^ p ° 3 sibIe for the working _classes by . combining among themselves , to raise , or keep up the general rate of wages , it need hardly be said that this would be a tmng not to be punished , but to be welcomed aud rejoiced a * Stuaut Mill .

      The policy and proceedings of tho -Wolverhampton masters is well ' calculated , and seems destined to more effectuall y popularise and strengthen the National Association than all the efforts of all its lecturers . And it is ever so . PERSECUTION makes converts to a cause , turning a two edged weapon m tho hands of thoso who use it . Mr . Perry appeals to the law for protection , as he calls it—but how , when , or by whom his free action , as an honest employer , lias been threatened or endangered , _vre know not . In the last week ' s Northern Star is a report of a case before the stipendiary magistrate of Wolverhampton , wherein tomY _^ "'y figures as a plaintiff . In this case William Wentworth was charged with absenting himself from his employment contrary to thu terms of an agreement which he had entered into with Mr . Perry .

      It will be seen from the report , that upon this occasion Mr . Perry was defeated ; he having , according to the evidence , given an order that any man in his employment , whether hired or not hired , who were not satisfied , mig ht leave . William Wentworth ( in common with many others whom Perry holds against their will , ) not being satisfied , takes him at his word , and after finishing tho work he had in hand , makes room in Mr . Perry ' s shop for another . The bench were of opinion that Wentworth ' _s conduct was quite right , and dismissed the complaint . ¦ * ' We have no comments to make on this case , the facts are of themselves sufficient , but we are somewhat surprised , considering the ex traord ina _recombination of legal talent displayed by'Mr . Perry and his attorney , that _tjiey should have taken such a lame case into court .

      There is , however , one fact sworn to by the witness Woodnortb , exemplifying the manner in which Mr . Perry carries out his own share of those agreements . Mr . Woodnortb says , "hehad worked for Mr . Perry three . times as a hired man ; and when there wero fully two years unexpired , he ( Mr . Perry ) discharged him without a notice , although he was bound , by tho agreement , to give him one month . " And he adds— " And had he tried to enforee it , he ( Mr . Perry J ivmdd have given him _tvork on which he could not earn one shilling a day . We have now a copy of'these agreements , and , although it would be premature to give an opinion on the legal value of these precious documents , drawn up , be it remembered , by one of the cleverest lawyers in Wolverhampton , we are quite satisfied

      that Woodnortb s statement in this particular , is more than probable , as , according to the terms ot the contract— "Ho ( the said William Woodnortb , ) shall , and will diligentl y , well , and faithfully serve the said Edward Perry , and also shall , and will , regularly attend in his manufactory or workshops , in Wolverhampton , during the usual hours of work , and in all respects conform himself to his directions therein—( that is C . Perry ' s _directions )—and also shall , and will take care of , and return all tools and materials entrusted to him , and make or execute , and deliver all such descriptions of ivqrk as may from time to time be directed by the said _Edivard Perry , in the best way that he ( the said William Woodnorth ) it , or shall be , capable , die , die . " Therefore , by this contract , what would have been more probable than

      that the said Edward Perry would , under the circumstances stated by Woodnortb , have given him as a punishment for his contumacy , a gross of pepper-boxes , to bo followed , when done , by a gross of extinguishers , upon which work we do not suppose the man would have earned one shilling a day ? And what would have been the consequence of Woodnorth's demurring to this resolution ? Three months' imprisonment and hard labour , under the Act C . Geo . III ., Cap . 25 , being the penalty the statute law awards for disobedience to agreements . And these are the disgraceful bonds which working men _ignorantly and thoughtlessly rush into for a drink of beer or a loan of £ 5 ; surrender up themselves , body and soul , as it were , to the tender

      mercies of such men as E . Perry . Well , we have Woodnorth's evidence as to the manner Mr . Perry , when it suits him , _carries out his part of these contracts or agreements . Now let ua see how the same person stickles , like Shakspeare ' s Jew , for the fulfillment oftheir contract by others , to the uttermost tittle . We refer our readers and friends to the report ofthe case—Perry v . Ilaynes . This was also a case for a breach ofan agreement , and in thi ? case Mr . Perry not , we presume , very well satisfied either with his clever lawyer , or the magistrate , whoso righteously adjudicated the case , goes before a different class of magistrates—the great unpaid , —and appears in the double capacity of lawyer and witness .

      It will be seen , from a report of the case , ii another part of this day ' s Star , that the defendant , Charles Ilaynes , entered into one of theso agreements nearly eight years ago , for a term of three years , and has continued to work for Mr . Perry from that period to the _present—or , rather , to the time of his imprisonment , for he is now in Stafford Gaol . IIo was charged by his humane employer with absenting himself from his work , in violation of the terms of his engagement . There were two witnesses to this charge on the part of the p laintifi —himself and his foreman . Tho foreman , M'Naughton , said , '' I know the defendant , whose habits ot attendance havo heen very regular untii the last lew weeks . I saw Ilaynes in the factory yesterday , but he was not there more than two

      hours . " In his cross-examination he says , " Ikhad seen him before twelve o ' clock , two hours . IIo will not swear whether it was a quarter _pnsi eight o clock or a quarter past ten o ' clock . He was atthe office all day , except one hour at dinner time . " . Now , the evidence of this man , as far a * - it is of a positive character , only goes to prove that some time between eight and twelve he saw Ilaynes in the factory , ne admits ho was there for two hours , but he did not see him longer ; pro bably not , he ( the Foreman ) was of course about his master ' s business , and might very probably be in the course of that morning in the counting-house , or in some other part of Mr . Perry ' s extensive works , where Ilaynes was not ; and therefore he did not see him ; and that is the " be all and end

      all" of Mr . M'Naughton s testimony . Then we have Mr . E . Perry himself , who , for an amateur lawyer , wonderfully helps and corroborates his Foreman s evidence . We will quote the whole ot Mr . Perry ' s statement as we find it reported : — " 1 went into the manufactory between ten and one in the forenoon , and between five and seven in the afternoon , and did not see Ilaynes there . '' And that is all the evidence to prove Ilaynes' absence that day . Upon which we shall only remark , that Lord Nelson , at the battle of Copenhagen , did not see his Commanding Admiral ' s signal for a retreat , because ho put his blind eye to tho g lass ; for certainly some time between these hours , both in the morning and afternoon , Ilaynes might have been seen , had he heen looked for , as is proved by tho uncontradicted

      and unimpeachable evidence of Samuel Aston , who distinctly swears , " Ho camo to his work a little after eight o clock , and was thero until dinner time —which is between twelve and one . He was there again in the afternoon ; it might bo between three and four , but I cannot say tho exact 'timo . He works near me , and by the piece . " This is the whole evidence , pro . and con , Ilaynes , confessedly , was not there the whole day ; he was attending the Boroug h Court in the case of Perry v . Wentworth , where he expected to be called as a witness ; he was for this purpose absent from one o ' clock to threeexactly two hours—according to the evidence . The magistrates pronounced that absence a violation ol his bond , and threw ' out a hintfor a compromise , an apology , and a prnmiso to return to his work . Why , the man would havo been then at his work if he had

      not been dragged into that court hy Perry ; but to these _suggestions by tho magistrates , Mr . Perry said , "NO , I PRESS FOU JUDGMENT . " Again the magistrates essayed to soften the relentless plaintiff , but the only answer given was , " TnE BOND—THE BOND . " The magistrates obliged - him , and sentenced Haynes to twenty-one days' imprisonment and HARD LABOUR , for being absent from his woik TWO MORTAL HOURS . It difficult to comment upon such a proceeding . Wo believe it to be bad from beginning to end , ih all its parts , and in overy feature . Wo believe the agreement is bad in law—we believe tho judicial verdiot is against evidence—we believe the sentence is illegal—we know it is severe , and utterly disproportioned to the offence , if offence has been committed . The offence which Ilaynes committed he has not been punished for ; his great offence was one against reason and common sense , ever to have gone back

      to Perry , when that person discharged him peremptorily somo two or three months since . He should then—like Wentworth—have taken him at his word ; but no , Charles Hayes is a straightforward and respectable man , ho would take no advantage of even Mr . Perry , and when ho was sent for again he returned and at once gave the six months notice , so unfairly—because unmutually—thrust into Perry ' s bonds . He was punished for being no subservient tool , because he dare think and dare act , which are not the sort of men that Perry likes . But what said Mr , Perry in his speech to the magistrates ? He , in his illogical farofanade , lets out the offence for which poor Ilaynes was to bo punished and disgraced — no , not disgraced , "tho boot ' s on the other log : "— _•< These men are going about , " says Perry , " agitating , and trying to . raise the wages ; I have put up with it for a long time , but there is a , pitch of endurance beyond which wo cannot go , [ therefore I am compelled to this course , otherwise J

      National Association Of United Traded T....

      shall hare to give up my . business , for I cannot go on _unless-I ( im protected : " Therefore—according to Mr . Perry ' s reasoning—unless he can be protected in his efforts to prevent himself being compelled to pay the same wages as his neighbours , unless the laws can be twisted and converted into engines of oppression , to enable him to ride rough : shod over the rights and interests of his men , he shall , positively , be compelled to g ive up his business . What a misfortune to the trade and town of Wolverhampton that , would be : we wonder how many

      less saucepans and candlesticks thero would be consumed , if Mr . E . Perry should really come to the desperate resolve of no longer makins * them ? And it is , therefore , to save the world _aHarge from so dreadful a calamity that he . has , most magnanimously , prosecuted to gaol and tho tread wheel , Charles Ilaynes , for losing two hours ! But we hope there ' s justice in store even for a poor man ; we hope that Mr . Perry is not to havo all the law , although he is fond of it ; we hope—nay , we know —the working classes of England will ace that justice is done to Charles Haynes .

      We onii say no more on that head at prosent , but repeat to Mr .-Perry what we have previously said to him , that all our proceedings " shall be conducted strictly within the law ; and , that notwithstanding ¦ ill he can do , " the Book , the whole Book , and nothing but the Book , " is , and will be tlio standard of wages for the trade in the town of Wolverhampton ; and wo " rayther" suspect he will be compelled to give it . " William Peel , Secretary . Birmingham , August 28 th . 1850 . Dear Sir , —In my last letter to you I informed you that I would write again soon , as Ihad some important news to communicate in reference to our trade . On Saturday _nighr , the 25 h , one of our _emplnyi-rs ottered a reduction to his men amounting to live shillings per week ; telling them it Ihey _wuul-l not do it nt the reduced price , they need not come hack to their work . Accordingly , the men

      waited upon me ahout half-past eight on Monday morning , and by eleven o ' clock I ha . i culled the committee together , who appointed a deputation to wait upon the employer in question , mid the dispute was ultimately settled , to the perfect satiafutioti of ouv trade , by three o ' clock p . m . ; and sir . allow me to state , that after the deputation hud explained the objects and principles of the association , and proved tliat the society was as much for the interest of the employer as the employed , he ( the employer ) expressed his approval of the National Association , and stated , tliat if we would wait upon him again on Monday next , with a list ot the towns prices , and prove that he has not been pa > iiig more for his work than other masters , he will continue to piiy the men the same price as hereforo ; and further , that he will do all in his po _> ver to assist thc men to protect their labour . It is with great pleasure I am able to state , that he received the deputation in the most

      gentlemanly and courteous maimer , thereby indicating Ins approval of our new and more _rational method of adjusting trades disputes . Thus you will perceive , that from the time I had notice of the dispute , until the time it was settled , was within seven huur-i . Now , sir , look at the contrast . Five years ago , we had a local trades union confined to ourselves , and upon that occasion , our deputations were treated wi'h the most sovereign contempt by our employers , and , after _several years struggling , which cost each of our members 3 s . or 4 s . per week . Notwithstanding this , our _xociety was finally broken up , because we could not stand against the united capital of our employers . But now , sir , tho very name of the National Association seem ** tu be a terror to evil doers ; and , I must _tiay , that it _surprised mu to think that any man should neglect to become a member of this glorious association .

      But , sir , itis quite cheering to see the increasing inquiry that is being made by the various trades here about the Association , since the case of tho Wolverhampton men came before the public ; and it is with great pleasure that 1 inform you , that I have received an invitation to attend a meeting of upwards of 200 men , on Monday evening next , to explain the principles ot the National Association , with the view of thathody joining the same . Men , sir , who have felt the iron hand -of oppression as much as any men in Birmingham , as they have been reduced in their wages , within the last two years , to the tune of 6 s ., and some of the _* n 8 s . per _woelt , with an expectation of a still further reduction ; so they are determined to unite , to protect their labour from the over-reaching avarice of the task masters . After the meeting , I will send you a full report of ite proceedings .

      1 ou are aware that there has been some little dissatisfaction existing among the Fitters , in _eonseouence of the error they committed in leaving their work in violation of the rules ofthe association , und , I am sorry to say , it has spread through a portion oftheir society , but through the exertions of a few of the Moulders attending their meetings , and explaining the rules of the society , and proving the im perative necessity ofa rigid adherence to the rules of the association , botli by the members nnd the Central Committee , the whole of those present expressed themselves satisfied , and they unanimously carried a resolution to commence paying the extra levy ; and it is with great pleasure that I am able to state that there is a greater amount ol confidence existing between the Moulders and Fitters than there has been for some time past . We have joined the National Association ; tlie . v begin to seo the value of such a union , and of adhering more closely to each other . I cannot close this letter without giving you a short account of our last n . _eethv . _*; nigiit . After the secretary had settled the local business of the society , the president read the ui tide in the _Noutiiern Star _, and one would have

      thought that the members were nil un « er tlie influence ot mesmerism—they sat so still , were so attentive—a deathlike silence pervaded the whole assembly until he came to poor Hallett ' sease , and , then how can I find words to convey the scene that took place , —a kind of frenzy seemed to have taken _possession ol every , man , —all the bad passions of human nature appeared to be let loose , —for such a wild , excited bur _. t of manly indignation and disgust I never witnessed from a hody of men before ; in fact , the conduct of the men upon that occasion has rose them fifty percent , in iny opinion . Yes , sir , this Wolverhampton case will prove

      glorious fur our cause , inasmuch as _u will prove the power and strength to not only its _members , but to thousands of working men , who have doubted the ability of the society to carry a strike to a successful issue , and who are waiting to join so seen us convinced . After our members hecumea little calm , they drunk thc health of thu Central Committee , and all the local officers , and again pledged themselves to stick to the Wolverhampton men till the last ; as a proof of whieh , I am instructed to send two months levies and the extra levy , whieh you will receive in a day or two . Then hurrah ! a thousand times hurrah ! for the National Association of United Trades . I am , dear sir , yours respectfully , WlT Ttitr Cirn » _ri T _•***•• r \ _n _» r

      Birmingham, August 27th, 1850. Dear Sir,...

      Birmingham , August 27 th , 1850 . Dear Sir , —I feel Assured that while sending a postoffice order for our extra levy , you will pardon my intrusion upiiu your _valuable time , by layiii ™ before jou the \ iews _feelings ofthe wire drawers of _iih-mingham , upon the momentous subject now l ending between Mr . £ . Terry , of Wolverhampton , and tho men lately in his employ . It is true we have , to a certain extent , done this before , in giving our sanction to your _procetdinf-sin the above ease ; but . as a uuvt and _piu-ui _*! of the common brotherhood of the National Association of United Trades , we feel bound , on the _present occasion , to do something ; niore than ( fire a mere formal assent to the _proceeedingsbuth ofthe Central Cominitte , an- thc Wolverhampton tin-plate workers , and here permit me to say , that we believe no man or body of men , who have the least spark of honesty , or feelings of common

      humanity , can attach any hlamc either to the workmen or to the Central Committee , for the part they have _tultcu in this very unpleasant affair , for we believe that Mr . E . ferry has violated every rule of justice , honesty , and common sense , in demanding his men to do their work at a lower rate tlu > , n his neighbours ; nnd while we recognise the sentiment of an old hook , that " the labourer is worthy of his hire , " and while we read again in tbat same ancient document the command tbat " masters should give their servants what is just and equal , " we cannot look upon that man who wishes to take from the men in his employ a part of their hard-earned and scanty earnings , otherwise than being guilty of a felony ofthe vilest and most cruel description , and as being worse than a common swindler or picUpocket , nay , we look upon a man who gi es upon the highway to commit a

      robbery , as a man ot honour , in comparison with such a miscreant , because the one goes for life or deuth , while the otlu r evades ihe law in a mean , cowardly , and contemptible manner , and thc sooner such paltry wretches cea _^ e to disgrace the name of employer the better . Our indignanation rises the more , as we contemplate _^ the fact that one part of the employers are paying a very considerable amount more for their vturk than the other , and that they cuu realise a profit . This clearly indicates the truth of what we have already said ; that these gentlemen have no feeling or respect for the men they employ , beyond that of making them subservient to the more speidily building them spleuditl mansions and fine carriages ; while , on the other hand , their workmen-the' producers i f all this wealth—after having exhausted all their strengh and energy , are sent to the workhouse or union bastile .

      Now , sir , it this is not enough to rouse _; the feelings of of working men , we cannot conceive what is . We aro exceedingly well pleased , to see from your report in the Koktueiin _stab , that all the trades in connexion with the National Associati . n , havo willing , responded to your just application for an extra levy , and sincerely hope it will he followed up manfully , and thus show all such money-grubbing , pauper-making tyrants , the power of the pence . In addition to this , we ardently wish that no cfl ' urt may . be left untried to cause other trades , not in connexion with the National Association , to interest themselves on behalf of the Tin I'luto Workers . Lot Wolverhampton and the surrounding districts , be aroused on the subject , so that in this , and every other lawful way , the men may be assisted , and thus secure to themselves a speedy and most triumphant victory . Yours , on behalf of the Wire Drawers of Birmingham , Mr . AY . Peel . John Holmes .

      Wolveltliamptok-August 29. ' E. Peukv V....

      WOLVEltliAMPTOK-AuGUST 29 . ' E . _PEUKV V . HAYNES . Magistrates present : —Messrs . Neve and Warner . Mr . E . Perry conducted his case in person , and Mr . Fleetwood , solicitor , appeared for Ilaynes . Mr . Pkkry commenced by stating that ho should offer a few remarks on the nature of . the case , and should afterwards claim tho right to givo Ms own evidence . Mr . Fleetwood objected that Mr . Perry could not , as a witness in thc case , make anystatement to their worships , unless he was sworn . This objection was overruled by the bench , Mr . ' Pe ' kry said he desirod to impress upon the minds of tho bench , the general conduct of the men towards liim as an employer , as it might appear he was acting from a bad motive . The men seemed

      disposed to compel him to give an advanced price upon his work ; and , as ho was giving the same price that ho had done for the last oight . years , he was determined to punish thoso whom he had hired and should neg lect their work . . ' " . ' Haynes hero interposed and said : " Mr . Perry , you have dropped my work several times . " Mr . _Feru y replied , I wish to inform tho bench that tho tin-plate workers are supported in a certain price by a society called tho National Association of United Trades , bf which Thomas _Slingsby Duncombe , Esq ., is the president / together with a committeo of tne same stamp . Mr . Beckett ( formerly foreman to Mr . Perry ) was called and sworn . —He stated that he attested the mark of Charles Haynes , and had no doubt tbat the agreement now produced was the same . Mr . _FusrawooD requested tbe bench to impound the agreement , as the workmen had no other me wis

      Wolveltliamptok-August 29. ' E. Peukv V....

      of obtaining a copy , Mr . Perry having retained tha originals . . Mr . _Punnt said ho would give them a copy next day , and , on this assurance , the impounding the agreement was not pressed . M'Nauohton was called and sworn * he slated . I am foreman to Air . E . Perry . I know the defendant , whose habits of attendance have been very regular until the last few weeks ; but of late-Mr . Fleetwood objected to any evidence being gone mtn except that relating to the day named in the warrant . The Bench . —We shall not take it as evidence but we think he may ask the question . ' Mr . Fleetwood . —Although it is not to betaken as evidence , yet I object , as it may prejudice the minds of the court .

      The Witness . —I saw Ilaynes in the factory , yes * ferday , but he was not there more than two hours . He was calling tho men together and agitating . I saw him como in about twelve o ' clock and call some men out . Cross examined by Mr . Fleetwood : I had seen him before twelve c- ' clock , two hours . It was between eight and half-past ten . I will not swear whether it was a quarter-past eight or a quarter-past ten . I did not see a person of the name of Aston come out with him . I was at the office all day , except one hour at dinner time , Cannot say when I gave him tho last work out , but it was expected to be brought in the same week _. The Defendant stated the order given out was to tho amount of twenty-four shillings , and Mr . M'Naughton stated it was given out on the Friday , —he could not finish it in two days . —Cross-examination resumed : Haynes lias always worked by the piece .

      Benjamin Hart , called by Mr . Perrv , and before he was sworn stated he had been summoned by Mr . Perry , and requested to be paid before giving his evidence . The Clerk te tho Magistrates said , that _aB this case was under the summary jurisdiction of the court , if the witness declined to be sworn the magistrates had the power to commit him for seven days . ¦ _, He was then sworn and stated that the notice given by Haynes to Mr . Perry was delivered in his presence . . Mr . Perry . —That is all I have to ask you . Mr . Hart . —Well , I will have him in the County Court for my expenses .

      Edward Perrt , the plaintiff , sworn . —I went into the manufactory between ten and one in the forenoon , and between five and seven in the _afternoon , and did not see Haynes there . This man ( referring to Haynes ) stops all my _japanners , stovers , burnishers , and others . This ( producing a book ) is Haynes' work-book , and you will see that he has received less wages than he had formerly done . Haynes . —Because I have had less for my work . This was the case for the plaintiff , Mr . Fleetwood addressed the court for the

      defendant , and said : Gentlemen , no doubt you are aware of the case which was before the magistrates yesterday upon these very agreements , and that they gave judgment against Mr . Perry ; and I consider this case is got up by Mr . Perry from vindictive feelings against my client ; and to prove this , I shall call a witness who is employed in tbe same shop , who would tell the Bench that Haynes was at work both in the morning and the afternoon . I assure the Bench that the only time Mr . Haynes was away was while he was in attendance upon the court , in expectation of being called as a witness .

      Samuel Aston was called , and being sworn said , I work at Mr . Perry ' s with Charles Ilaynes . He came to his work a little after eight o ' clock , and was there until dinner time , which is between twelve and one o clock . He was there again in the afternoon ; it might be between three and four , but I cannot say the exact time . He works near me , and by the piece . Mr , Warner ( the magistrate ) . —Did ho put hia clothes on when he went to dinner ? Mr . Aston . —Yes ; he was there all the morning . I go at eight o clock , and he was there directly after .

      Mi \ Perry . —It has been stated that I come here from vindictive motives ; I beg to say such is not the fact , but it is from a sense of justice to the other workmen , for whom I am compelled to find work , or suffer myself to be brought here . These men are going about agitating and trying to raise the wages . Ihave put up with it for a long time , but there is a pitch ' of endurance beyond which we cannot go ; therefore , I am compelled to this course , otherwise , I shall have to give up my business , for 1 cannot go on unless I am protected .

      Mr . Neve . —Unless a compromise is made by promising to go back to work we must commie the defendant , as we consider Haynes has violated his ggreement , by leaving work . The Court then asked Mr . Perry if he would accept an apology . Mr . Perry . —Ko ; I press for judgment . _Hatnes . —Gentlemen , I have served Mr . Terry for nearly eight years on that agreement , which only binds me for three . I have never been charged with neglect of work before , but I cannot attend as I formerly did , for my business prevents it , 1 being a publican . The magistrates again asked Mr . Perry , and again the modern Shylock demanded—thc bond ! Tho magistrates retired for a few minutes , and then returned with a sentence of three weeks'

      imprisonment and hard labour . [ We have been credibly informed that Mr . E . Perry is a customer to one , if not both , of these magistrates ; if this is so , would it not bo better that such cases should be decided by independent justices , for whenever there is a strong connexion , either by family or commercial relationship , a prejudice may be excited , too strong for equal justice tobe administered ? Or when a merchant-magistrate sits on thc bench , with his son as attorney and pleader for the plaintiff , and the plaintiff a customer of the magistrate ' s firm ? Suoh an _arrangement of parts does appear calculated to make justice so administered appear like a farce , and powerfully tends to bring the office and its functions iuto contempt and disrepute . Such an administration of justice should be reported to the Secretary of State . ]

      To Feargus O'Connor, Esq., M.P. Propriet...

      TO FEARGUS O'CONNOR , Esq ., M . P . Proprietor of the Northern Star . Sir , —I hasten to acquaint yoa with the exact position of affairs , so far as the Chartist party of the Vale of _Leveu and I are concerned , at least , a portion of them ; and as you claim to be a lover of fair p lay—a friend of working men , I _iyii induced to solicit your interference as an " amende honourable , " I have a right to look for at your hands . The following , so far as my memory will serve me , is the state of the case : — Due to me £ 17 3 s . 2 d . Liabilities , due to Thomas _M'Kechiue £ 6 18 0 Mrs , Houston ... ... 1 16 0 Mr . Thomson 0 % 0 Cravat 0 5 0 Buchanan 0 10 0

      £ 0 16 0 _fTi ) _KBl _' _P _ Leaving Balance ... £ 7 7 s . 2 d . I am not conscious of owing any man in Scotland one fraction - other than just stated , and hope a sense of justice to one who has been associated with the rig hts of labour since tho time of the Dorchester labourers and Giasgow cotton spinners , with Chartism , since 1837 , who never wrote a line or uttered ono sentence opposed to tho liberty of his order , will induce you to exert your influence and paper in obtaining for him what is hia due . Trusting to your sense of justice , humanity , and honour , I am , in the cause of Political Freedom and Social Progress , yours , 2 , Orchard-place , Blackwall . W . _Thomasox . September 3 rd , 1850 .

      TO THE PROPRIETOR OP THB STAB . Sir , —Allow me to name a few items which I am likely to lose . So much for the honour of sections of the Chartist body . £ s . d . Newcastlo . ... ... ... 3 7 & Newcastle ... ... ... 8 17 7 Harney ... -4 0 0 Travelling Expenses incurred in ' . seeking Holberry ' s liberation ... 8 0 0 Due to mo for bringing Dr . Taylor to Shields , from Carlisle ... 16 0 Old John Richards had of mo ... 2 10 0 At Wednesbury , Staffordshire ... 37 . 0 0

      £ 65 0 11 To say nothing of money I lent to David Roberts and others , overy penny of which I must lose . So much for the . honour of democracy . I believe tho operatives of England do not approve of acts like this . We are a humane race 1 2 , Orchard-place , Blackwall . W . Tuomason . September 3 rd , 1850 .

      Thb Murder Of, The Countess O» Gokrltm.—...

      Thb Murder of , the Countess o » _Gokrltm . — Jean Staiiff , who had been condemned to perpetua imprisonment for having assassinated tho Countess of . Goerlitz , at Darmstadt , has just confessed his crime in tho prison at Marienschlop . He declared that he had entered the room of tho countess to announce to her that he was going eut , when , nnu- _* ing no one hr tho room , he was temp tedUby- toe articles of value he saw there to commit a _" _^ e _^ r While doing so the _ewnfj _^ 'ft _thl _& d took place , - anil ho se _' ° J ?; _„ _-, " ;»„ the body in a strangled her , ; Ho _^^^ _SyofSS _™^ chairrand , putting round it a quan tity o ble articles ., set fire _> ° tne _ _WBAB .-There are SniPDUir _. iKO os . _IfXmwo _ssiling _Yernla _, and ¦ i _^ jss _^^ h _^ fff _^ [ sund _* _y „» nd _^ i _^ T _»^ _., „ , M : . _, : ¦ _ . _:, _* ¦ . . , _*

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Sept. 7, 1850, page 5, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_07091850/page/5/