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Northern Star (1837-1852), 6th September 1845, Edition 3 of 4, Page unpag, • J " GERMANY. • ] THE SEW llEFOltJIATIO...

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    • :v , THELATvD! ? " ; ' - ' TO TEE-JVOrlinNG CLASSES.
    • h fmiijn fa\Uili%tim*
    • fovfymniinu i^^tmgs »
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      :V , Thelatvd! ? " ; ' - ' To Tee-Jvorlinng Classes.

      : v _, _THELATvD ! ? " ; ' - ' TO _TEE-JVOrlinNG CLASSES .

      -Mr Dear Fbiends,—I Nm Now About To Rede...

      -Mr Dear Fbiends , —I nm now about to redeeui _ifce pledge that I _nronld visit _Belgium , in order to instruct myself in the practice of agriculture followed in that country . I start for Belgium on Saturday next , witli the intention of making a profitable agricultural tour . I will be the _HonJiern Star ' s " C ' OMj _hssioxee" in Belgium ; and as it is my intention to perform my journeys on foot , I shall be able , like tlie Jimcs _' s Irish ; commissioner , to poke my nose into every field , if not into every parlour . You must naturally suppose that I hare a greater interest than any _T _Oatilmng in tne success of tlie land project ; and , as I told jon in the outset , that much of its success must depend' upon" confidence in myself , I have deemed it my duty . to clear _np , and " settle my accounts" as acting deputy ' treasurer , before I left the country ; "which I now submit to you as follows : — reargus O'Gonrjor in account with the T _^ _-easurer of the Chartist Co-operative Land Society . _Br- asperaclniowleagment # j . " Cn intheA ' _ortficniitar . - £ S ; ' d . ' " & _s . a . June 14 cash- - 15 2 0 21 „ 18 1 G -0 Paid - to - Trea- - - 2 S „ - - - , 6 2- 7 - Eurer * s account . _»¦ Julv 5 „ - - 6 S 8 6 " in Bant- - -92312 0 Z ' ,, - - S 3 10 3 19 „ - - 02 10 3 - - 25 „ - - 65 9 11 . ; _AU-J . _-2 „ - - 07 7 4 3 „ - - 57 9 9 IC „ - - 32 11 C 23 „ - 188 1 5 § SO „ - - 97 16 3 : Casl * _rcccired irom Secretary 220 0 0 ___ . . - _' _. :-: ¦• - £ 92312 0 } ,. ' .. £ 92312 Ci

      -Mr Dear Fbiends,—I Nm Now About To Rede...

      w , _u-Aa-c uvy , np to _sainruay tne 30 th of August , without the deduction of one penny expenditure . This account does not include this week ' s receipts , because there would not be time for ihe post-office orders to bc sent for Ivlr . Roberts' signature , and to come back to me : however , if Ishonld never return , thc post-office orders are in the custody of my nephew , to Mr . Roberts' account . Having performed so much of my _task , I have now to solicit aiavour at your hands , which I expect you readily to grant , because doing so mil further ond protect your own interests and my character : it is , that you will not make anyaKcrationin the Eules until my return .

      _Tvhrn I propose the following course as the last mode of securing thc satisfaction and permanent interest ot thc Society . It strikes me , from communications that I have received from all parts ofthe country , that before Christmas this Land fund will amount to a prodigious sum of meney ; a sum , thc control over -which I should like to see Tested in hands that would be sure to give universal satisfaction . To tins end , I would urge upon you the propriety of the following course : that thc shareholders shall , as speedily _? s the proper arrangements can be made to do _ihis on system , proceed to nominate delegates to meet at Manchester , to discuss the rules and the whole question of the Land , and determine on thc

      alterations necessary ; that a levy of threepence per member be raised to discharge all the expenses of ihe delegation , such as travelling and boarding expenses ; and that every 200 shareholders appoint one dehgate . The Conference being held at Manchester , and the travelling expenses of the Lancashire , Yorkshire , and Cheshire _delegates being trilling , tvill enable us to have a fair representation from dis _ inn ; parts . Tiic "various secretaries in the more distant localities could easily confer with their several branches , and arrange for a delegate amongst them ,

      after they arc classed for that pnrpose by the general secretary . I anticipate , that before you can act upon this suggestion , wc shall have -1000 paying _xicnibcrs . Indeed , I believe v . _* c have nearly that number now . Uowcver , wc will suppose -1000 ; this will _^ ivc a delegation cf twenty representatives , _"ivliii'li added to the five directors and our treasurer , "would give us a Conference of twenty-six persons , who e _olyset would be bcse _. ess and not talk , and fnan whose deliberations I would anticipate the most _slurious results .

      I should like to see our own _Dunconibe and the _gloriMis Oasilcr acting nnitcdly as the patrons of the Society ; and such men as James Moir , George 3 _'< £ > , and John _Colnuhon , of Glasgow ; James _Alac pherso _* . _! , of Abcruccn ; L . Pitkethley , nnd Joseph _Thorswa , of Haddcrsfield ; Titus Brooke , of _Dewsbary ; Win . Lonsdale , of Manchester ; David _TVcather-Ie . nl , ol Kcighlcy ; John Linton , of Selby ; and swenil such like men , appointed as trustees : men who , oae and all , would have an interest in tho _snt-r tsscf the object , aud who could have no object

      in thwarting or retarding our views . Believe me , my friends , that great , very great caution , circumspection , and wisdom will be required to carry out _ourpktn . Iproposs Manchester for the meeting of the delegation , because there wc can have the _benefit of Mr . Roberts' counsel without cost . For myself , - without trenching on your funds , I have _sni'initied tlie whole plan and rales to an eminent coanscl in . that branch of the law ; and I shall , at the appointed time , be prepared wilh Ms advice npaa ail points . I shall also be strengthened by what 1 _M-e in mv travels .

      ] will aowsnppose that we hare the -J _003 mem-- ' •• s ; a levy of tlireepcr . ee each -will-amount to £ 50 : i sain quite large enough , without trenching on the " and—for that , 1 am resolved , shall remain whole and - . _utonclicd—to pay the expenses of thc Conference . _lU'coileet thai this is bat a pint of ale each man : d l / ie object is io < d ! oiv every s-5 i _> i : n * ioi . PEi ; to have ,. _;> . _/ .. r _itj-on the foundation stone , so that none shall ;• ;• - hereafter that he had not liis fair share in ihe - - _-Lni . Though I a ? k you lor a Utile delay f or my ¦ .- !) MHircnicm-c , yet-1 hag of you to bear in mind . ¦ > . ; : -here is no necessity whatever f _« r a * . i earlier _ivi' _-aitaiion . The _t ' . * _ii > £ - is « oin « j on as rapidly and is r . i « cssful ! y _, n * it _e--ald possibly do : and the very : _- -: C'ai 'Jit * shareholders are to be brought together

      -v zr . _ei-- _repi-csenlatives at a sufficiently _tv . _rly : in .. ;! , io _Kinkc all necessary arrangements for the _-i' _^ _irc . wiil give increased confidence . In order to ' "' - ' ' - _'rvh-g onf cf this plan , 1 would strongly urge ' , ' ¦ : * iii-several _SL- « _-i't- ! i- ; _esfocomjJ ; _U ! , * ic ,: te v _.-L'h the ' - ¦ _'• - ' _- - - secretary a .- - to _ll ; c niimucr ef enrolled ruein-- *• -- in : iic : r several districts . This may be done so as - * " ' ;< _ear j _« the _-rW ofthe 2 { . fh : that is , by Monday - " I ch , the several secretaries should state to the - - - " _- ~ i secretary the exact numbers of members they -- ' _¦"*¦ _-I' -e . lk ' l , and then the general secretary n ' . r . y ' ¦ * "V _fiiiiowmg wt-. _'k " s Star ( for J v _. - . int to save ix-. " " " w r _i ' _ssfing _) , 'issue ihe _pj-oper direct ion for ilie :: : -- hi _-Iterates . That !; c ; : e , the e : ecl : o : is

      - _i : _^ : jj } : _] v- _.-tcdcd wish _ii * r ;] nrhh - ' and . as soon as - - ' _> .: _; a-ls m-e appointed , it sliould be ihe < 3 i ; iy of '" ' '; ,: TS J- " -0 ' -i- ? : _'S who elected _ilies : _! , to hr . _vc lucctings ; . ; --- _* _i-r . - . y r . > jiC ? _iIIi ] o , hi order to _i-: si ; _-:: cl ihem as ¦ _i-..- _; iy t . « : j -. ,.. , _; tn : ir . mriii ] _'g _thi-m loo much , _bc---..:- - , a :, i j _vcskihcj thai ihe one _diitriet J « av not be ii . _> : ; -, ! -i .. l * _,-i ,- _" > - _« — -, - - , ' - _ .- _„; ,. _ l" « i _.-. _o ;! s op . _'jiitui hy foinmnn : < -ai : cn . " - _" ! _- ' _— ' ¦ ¦ _W rit's ; bin thev _^ ouid ilisc ; K 5 ihe ¦

      -- -- i-c _> _-.:-: « c ; i 5 _jf : _* n ,. ] y _jj _. _j . _jg _^ . i , _^ ar . tl cor _. _ii _' . u * .-• - *• .- - - !! : _„ _.- _; 5 _^ , | g _- _;; _., -j _^ _j .. _jp i _^ _j , j _vnijbrin-j _iheir . ' _?!!* . 'l J * * ! : - ' , ; i _^ _ton ™ - _^ _' _^ ics . 1 _v-ish - _. _f 1 i _! t" _^ . . _« _iseu 5 s ihe £ _ev-. _i--: l _repositions - . 1 .: „ _1-J _, ; . ; _,-. _;_ ,..- _^ _£ e . „ _^ . . . . .

      ¦ - . ; . i _^ _Yn ' _— " ' 5 ' _-T : h 1 ]! - _- _^ ' _- _« :, T !) -it ihcre will _^' _¦• _.-. _< Sii i !; : ; _vi-ib ! e interest _j--p :-. - ai : r- ! g ali . _Ti-crc ' _' - ¦ ' _* _i- _i _niiariij _^ _janU-is —E _3 _sias-p _^ _ts — no _? "' - _?"" - " _" KX thi : ' _^ ' " ' _" _bove _sjl olhm l :.. ~ V " _* _i * - - _^ - _?™ yen , is _il ; e _nc-jc- _^ iiy of apiaiiat-- ... " _ ' _^' " _^• - _" 'i- t _trnstworihy , _W :: c ; _"st , sat _tet—• ¦ _- ¦ "T _^" _'" ' _™ r Ci' _^ _i-.-v £ s . ' XV . U ] -:-i-i _^ - ' ?/ J _^ _^ " _^ l ! ie _^* - _¦* J _^ _" _£ _- _« _i-i ft _ia-v . ' ' - _ " . ' * ' - " i 0 ! _it"ii' > : i ; a :: ; l benr in mir . d that - . ~ ~ " ; ' _- - ' ' i : ; £ _expense vrsu : _< l l > _c but _threepev _.-je . :. "' ' - ' ' _¦ ' "*" " _iiiast try .- 'j to _arr-iiige nm * ; - . " . _y ' - / _- _riher .-diera ::. > ij ; will not be _liecik-d - . _- . 'V " A ; " :: * . ' - * a that I t . lu iho Ce :: rer :: ioii l ' e . " .: i - ' - " . "'" . /" ';¦ '' _&« _-a » c-. _l , i ] :: il - n _^ _c-uld t-Ue a « . -j _: c-_ ' -: ; . ¦ - ' _wee-hsto an : _»^ t- ii « .. _rJtfr . « eK ] v ;

      . ..- ' "¦ " ' _*• * ' - ' _= ' ' - 'id v . r . i . ::: c ; r- ' y io _cnunciaic _r _' - _? 'i _~ _- _™> d taking ali _ihi : _;^ into c _* o ? 3 _;* : _* _cra-:. ' ¦ ¦ _!"• " " ; ' : _' ' _*! C 2 'u ' I _- ' s v _--- ' very f _«« sty . I . - . _'"""" ¦ " " -i _"Pi'li-atk-i ; . - . : Tf . ; i : ; : h ? _C Ui : d e , \ ie _( . ¦' . _^ _'l'l- " ' ' " h ' - ' _I' _^ _fcht . . ' .. I ; .: V .. e _rcics . 1 . - _-- : _* :. _yy-r _. _uriajj- , _, . f et _::-.: _iil :: _' : my _bnti-c : _: ¦ ¦ .:. ] , ¦ _' " """ _" _*^ i _^ h _bu : v . _"I ; - ; _-- - : ; i ? Co : i ; _e _' _--c : ; : c ... , \ : " - " - ' " " _-jscii io b _^ _j _^ : _t-vu with a : ! _h-r : . . _" ~ ~~ '~ _l- \ ~ -Y ' . i il . i * I . riu ! , -. " " .: vii v , i : l sine In ¦ _? :.. - _ - ' _--- - i -- "; _. We o . ir _.--ji-iery h _^ i _;¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ .: _aii l ~ Zi Wet ]; _, ou Tl . _;^ _^ ,. --j- ;; - : - £ ' _-:: _! ?>' .

      -Mr Dear Fbiends,—I Nm Now About To Rede...

      knowleelged ; and each week _promises a last augmentation to oar Society . _\ Now- , my dear friends , having said so much on this subject , I shall proceed to canvass ihe opinions ofthe Times '' " Commissioner" now in Ireland , picking np knowled ge andinformation as to the . _causes of Irish distress andtheremedy .- ' The Irish _pra-stteats the correspondence of the _Hn _^ J _^ Comniisioner , " _someapprovugly _. _some sne _^ ingl _^ and some se _^ fiady . Many aver that what he-states _TvaVknown to them before . Why , to be sure it was ! _Hovp-could abuses so long existing have been concealed firon £ . them * But the qneotion is , whether they havo ever dared to assert the facts before ; aad , if they have , have they

      brought the same acuteness , the same astuteness , thc same wisdom , the same penetration , and the same happy mode of illustration , to bear upon those f acts ? Their abuse of , or rather their sneer at , the "savoury hash" made of tainted meats is their own condemnation : because , from their long knowledge of the facts , their existence is chargeable to their subserviency . There is a value in this correspondence which to confess would be to admit their own littleness and their own proper position—the fact , that all classes believe _thejacts asserted by a stranger , while all equally know that if asserted by partisans they would go to the account of political partisanship . A " Liberal " paper never represents the atrocities of Catholic middlemen—a " Conservative" paper never divulges

      the tyranny of Protestant proprietors . Moreover , if truths ripen by repetition , luhy should not tlie truth be now _reflated , when its repetition may carry with it a correction of the evils complained of ? Why , - wise as these heroes of the Irish press think themselves , the Devon report came upon them like a thunder-clap : whereas it was but the" flash that preceded the noise of the "THUNDERER . " _tfow , vanity would induce me to speak in these flattering terms of the productions of thc Timcs's "

      Commissioner . " because 1 assert , without fear of contradiction that in ray letter to the Irish farmers in 1 S 31 ; in my letters to the Irish landlords , from York Castle , in 1 S 40 ; in my several letters in thc Northern Star ; ia my several speeches ; and in my Farming work , 1 have asserted over and over again every material fact that has been written by the Times _' s " Commissioner ; " and now I'll prove it to you from several passages in his letter in the Times of this _[{ Thursday morning ' s date . He says : —

      I mil give you the expenditure of reclaiming and sowing with aiirst crop a Held of lacre and ' 18 porches , which was not worth 2 s . Cd . a-year , and the _results which have been producedjby it . The following was the expenditure : — . - _£ s . d . 30 men digging , & e ., at Sd . a-day , 1 4 0 0 boys c _' roppingpotatoes , at 3 d . a-day ... 0 2 S Manuring ... . _"" * ' 8 2 0 _^ Average rent ( not worth 2 s . 8 d . ) 018 0 18 men ; at S : l . a-day , shovelling potatoes 012 0

      26 men digging potatoes , at Sd ! a-day ... 1 _4 " 0 3 i ) boys , as _-pthercrs _, at _Sdrper day ... 0 9 0 - Expense ' s of reforming the groundif . ... 5 Y 1 Connty-eessi . r _, " . _" ; . V , " . V .., 0 2 "C' Tola ! cost of reclaiming , rent ; ma- - nuring , and setting .-... _, ™ £ 18 0 10 ' _Theproduce was o 2 barrels of potatoes , at CO stone the barrel , —wMcb ; at thelow-price-of * Is . 0 d : a barrel , _** ' '¦ " _' JB . s . d .

      Amounts to 19 10 0 Cost of reclaiming and first crop IS 0 10 Profit the first year £ 1 9 2 Tlie second year the crop was laid down in oats and grasses . The produce was 10 score and S stooks of straw , covering the cost of rent , seed , labour , and all expenses ; and 15 sacks and 8 stones of oats at 24 stone the sack—which , at 18 s . a-yack ( tho then selling price ) , left a clear profit the second year of - £ 13 10 s . This year , which-, is -the third . year ,. there have been i tons 17 cwt . of hay grown by this field , which , & s . d . At 2 guineas a-ton , amounts to „ .- _«« .. 10 3 8 Deduct rent and county-eess '; . ' , _" . _^ 1 V i ) - ' Leaving clear profit ... ... ... £ 928 The after-grass pays thc labaur of cutting andmaking the hay .

      I walked over this field—there was on it a thick erop of after-grass . The adjoining Held had been thus reclaimed two years , and was growing a splendid crop of oats and clover as its second crop . Atthe other side of the hedge , Mr . Hamilton led me into a field , well lying on the top ofthe hill , the land of which he said _xesk worth 20 s . an acre rent . Two years ago it gave a crop of potatoes , followed last year by a crop of oats . It was not then laid down in grass , nor is it drained , but cultivated after the manner which prevails in Ireland . This , its third year , it is growing a . very thick crop of ragweed , mixed _witlfrushcs _, a few windlcstraws here and there , some thistles , half the ground black without

      any verdure upon it , and the rest natural grass , and , according to the estimation of the fanner with me , not worth 2 s . ( Jd . an aero this year . Thc fanners in the neighbourhood see , by example , thc advantage oi following this plan of improvement-, and of cultivating iilt'ir land with skill and labour , and under the wise encouragement of the landlord , who grants them £ 1 an acre for reclaiming their barren land ; under the superintendence of Mr . Hamilton , his agent and agriculturist , twenty acres were reclaimed two years _ajro , fifty acres last year , and it is anticipated from what the fanners say that 1-30 acres will be reclaimed this rear .

      Agricuiture is not my profession , but I have taken the pains to master these facts , and to understand what 1 have been endeavouring to explain , I hope wilh the clearness which will make the cxplauati » u intelligible ; and now I will bring them to bear 01 ) the object which I have in view , We have here a patch of land which was nicknamed "Whistle-bare , " because of its sterility and rugged appearance—not worth 2 s . 0 d . an acre rent , _andTwhich , estimating its utility as a drying ground , or play-ground , or waste for pigs io pick up roots in , nt the moss extravagant rate , could not be worth one guinea a-yeai * in value to the fanner . But take it at this value , which exactly covers thc average rent « f i _^ s . an acre and the county cess , and wc have it in three years yielding no profit , bnt say worth £ 5 3 s . Alter being reclaimed , wc have this same place _-ji'iaad , iu the last three years ,

      yielding—£ S . d . 1 st rear , over and above every cost 1 'J 2 2 nd ' ditto ditto dillo ... 13 10 0 3 rd ditto ditto ditto ... 0 2 S Clear prolit over and above rent and cultivation , in tlnee years 2-1 7 10 A _' o ' . v , just cast- your eye io the amount of Inbuilt shown to ii :: ve been employed in reclaiming _tlii'iiee-e * of land ilie lirst _vc-jn * alone , in the account o ;

      lite , expense of it which 1 hr . _v-3 above given . 1 am informed hy Mi * . Hamilton , the . ' . 'gent av . il the farmer , that this piece cf laud of 1 mix and IS pi'ivhcs , thus improved , will yield o _: i thc average from . £ _" ? to £ V- l _.-re-iit a-year to thc farmer ; wiil give _einpl' _-yinent far J ' - ' days' labour a-ycar ; and it is b « _- _'W woriii two guineas a-ye _*< r rent ; and there arc _tho- _'sands of seres of sack ' land in Donegal which jniglit be reclaimed with equal prciit and advantage to all parlies .

      J \ ov . - , i ; , y irk' -ds , let fools ro longer talk of Feargu ? _O'Ccimor ' s " exaggerations . " 1 liavc laiel it down is *!! i irrefutable iac-r _, that by common industry any man may _purd-ase . us _"Z . v _ctvn _fe-r ever , " any amount uf hind that ho can ; _ci ; _kiTi : ; c by his own labour , in four or Jive year . -: that is , ii" a man pays .- £ •" a yc : « for two _stres of ground and a l : oi : _? e , he can purchase it , at twenty-live years' purchase , or thirty years ' : _iuri-hase , bv paving £ K _. Q for it , at the end u f fin

      years . ; _% cv , - , obitrve what this writer says : — "At the _ciiil of three years , out ef an acre-, and less bv t-. vc- _p-u-ehc-s than tlie eig hth of an Jit-re , not _wo-rlb 2- *? . t ' _-ii . l'cr . i . he _ini'iit * profit , over and above rent and _euliivation , in three years , £ 21 Is . _Uhl . " _^ - .-v . - observe , at _iliirfy years' purchase , he _cmiki havi _i-iuvbased that acre i . _nd eighteen perches ior _A' 3 lo ? . ; go ; i :-: t he anight have purchased i ' or ever cxaetl \ _cidit aires of ground cf the siiine description i ' or the . IfM 7 *" . _V--d . ] _veik _il-Hi he made of the _e-no acre aue !

      It -.-.- : h : ; _i ! an _t-lgi-th ' . Uur timi > i . ot all . Ai the enc ' of i ; : o _ibrc-e ye- ;; : s thc " patch" _wns worth £ 2 ' Js . a yc . v rout , iustcsd cf 2 s . _t-d . ; so that if he sold it il , su at _ilili-ty years' _j . _-tivhasc , he would get £ 33 , whii-h , it-Vied to tiie * £ 24 7- - . ] ud ., would snake v _pro'Utvir an-1 above expenditure in _ilirca years of . - - ¦ -J _]^ . _> . ]< jJ . ' i take ii . e _ciigisixii cost of the ' _i-uteu' _:: i thirty year * ' 3--v . rc " , iarc . _^ i _0 105 „ llOin the

      -Mr Dear Fbiends,—I Nm Now About To Rede...

      _gioss amount . Nowvthen , that ' s upon cold hog , " _^ _0 _I worth 2 s . Od . an acre ; " Whereas , if it liad been worth £ 2 an acie , he would have made ten times as much piofit . Then _, look at the slovenly acre belonging to Mr . _Hamiltok _' s neighbour , worth £ 1 an acre , but reduced by inattention , " growing _ra gweed mixed with rushes ; a fciK Tvmdle straws here and there ; _tsome thistles ; half the ground black'without any verdure upon it , and the lest natural _gras > s ; and , _^ accoiding to the estimation of a farmer , not worth 2 s . 6 d . an acre this ycai " Nov ., let every * secretaiy of the Land Society read that _extract over again and again to ins bi other members . I will give jou anqthei extinct . Tlio _Anna ' s coriespondent , aftci \ evy ioicibly pomtra } ing the evils , thus lucidly , wisely , and briefly proposes the i remedy

      —Tiiere stands a fact regarding tin ' s county , as an example of what Ireland is capable of becoming what it is , is but too '' well known ; .. And . yet you will find Irishmen by the score declaim about the want of cap > ital and the want of employment iii Ireland Why , here is a perfect mine of capital , waiting : to be realized ; and more employment-for- the ... people than there are _people-for tho employment . But Ireland is disturbed , because its people want employment , and consequently bread ; and therefore they are ready to listen to any wild _chimasra Which promises them relief j or to enter into any combination or commit any outrage which they mistahingly imagine will procure them relief . Oh , how

      exquisitely absurd appear College bills , and Repeal demonstrations , and Orange demonstrations , to obtain peace ; and order , and prosperity to Ireland , after contemplating" such a palpable and straightforward meansas this for insuring plenty , and occupation , and " wealth , - " . and ' consequent contentment _iliul peace ! * ' r Yet the remedy is a social one : a Government can do little here . If Irish gentlemen and Irishmen ] will not put to use those means of prosperity and ' greatness which are abundantly given lo them , it is difficult to conceive with " what face they can ash Englishmen to hel p thehl . "Why whine about "Engi lish capital , " when you have " capital at your verydoors whenever you choose to win it ? It was not I

      thus that Englishmen won their capital . Had , however , the Governnent proposed a grant of equal amount to that which has this year been given ( apparently but to exasperate Ireland , in wounding her religious prejudices ) , to . be spent in promoting the reclamation of iWaste lands in Ireland , in bonuses f £ 1 an aero to the fanners , and in salaries _tojntelligent agriculturists to direct the people and certify that the bonuses % ere deserved , as is now done by a private-landowner at Pettigo , though tlie relief would have been but trilling _as-comjiarw with the extent , of £ the mischief , ; yet . it would at least have had this _iriucli / _in its favour—it _^ could have offended no sensible man in Ireland . In

      increasing the wealth and means of comfort of the tenant-farmers ( even though they paid treble rent ) and in aflbrding employment to labourers , the capabilities of consumption of large masses of people would have been much increased , and so many taxpaying commodities would have been consumed , that ( what cannot be said of the , present grant ) a considerable portion of . ' the ' sum-granted would have found _itsjvay back into the Exchequer in the ' shape of . increased Customs and . Excise duties _T and according to the increased comfort' would have been the probability of increased tranquillity . ' It is , however ,-the landowners of Ireland alone who can work out this remedy eiiicicntlv . " '

      Now , how often have I told you , . . and-how often have I told the Ilouse of . Commons , that the remedy ViS ASOCIAL ONE , and tlie Government can do little . " How often have I told you , not only - that Ireland was not over-populated , but that under" a good system she would maintain live times the present amount of population ; and how often have I told you , English working men , that the prosperity of the Irish labourers was a question as much affecting you as them because the want of profitable occupation at noxiE , where there is an ample field for their labour , compels than to come as competitors into YOUR market . But see the other remedy that the Times ' s " Commissioncr"j ! proposc 5 | as a means of

      enforcing a better cultivation of the soil . lie . proposes _^ our ' p ' re _mlum' _^ fand _^ a _^ iuault' _^^ .: premiums . In 1833 , without as muehkhb _^ 'le _^ gc of the subject as I have now , Iproposcd to the Ilouse of Commons the two following remedies : —Firstly ; thatthe landlords should bc compelled tojhake leases for " ever of their estates at a corn rent , and thatthc power of distress should be taken from them ; and , as a substitute for Poor Laws , I proposed a graduated scale of taxation , to fall equitably npon tenants having leases for ever , landlords in chief , middlemen , " resident landlords , non-resident landlords , excepting altogether tenants who had no leases ; and that this tax should constitute a premium fund , the effect of which would have

      been , that for every hundred pounds so _levicel and distributed , an extra £ 2 , 000 , and more , would be spent in competitive labour by these who competed for the prizes : and thus the man who gained the prize would be honoured and enriched , while all those who competed with him , though tlicy lost the honour , would have reaped the benefit of _w-hsuasive _ism-sinv . Now , that was my remedy ; and not unmindful of the labourers , I proposed premiums for them also—for the neatest cottages , best cultivated gardens , and best brought-up children . But the

      foundation of all these improvements must bo ckiitaixty O ? _TEStJitE ; and for this reason * . that without that basis , you can have no scale of taxation : for the landlords of steel wiil throw it all , with a profit , oil their own shoulders on to those of thc tenants ol straw . And well knowing the power which is rc-• y . uvcd to keep what my own . industry and your eonlidence in me may put you in possession of , I here give notice that 1 shall submit to the consideration of the delegates the propriety of adding some educational plan , as well as a labour premium plan , to the " Rules ofthe Chartist Co-operative Land Plan . "

      Again , how often have I told you that the remedy is a SOCIAL O . _XE , and "thaUiovernment can do little ; _"' and that " cdl is in your own _hands . " Kow , my friends , weigh tliosc things which I put upon record twelve years ago , and have been repeating every day since , which the Times ' s " Commissioner " now announces as crying sins ; and bear in mind , that the " ragged rascals" who have been eating and drinking and wearing thc very sweat , and the marrow , aud thc blood of thc poor Irish people , liavc

      never yet proposed one single solitary practical atom of social relief i ' or them . They got Emancipation ; but no further relieved themselves from tithes , than by a change of masters from parsons to landlords . They lost thc-iv forty shillings' _hoWinga ; and became paupercd beggars . They got Municipal fief ' or . n ; and their share was the "honor"' of dressing daws in peacocks' feathers . They get " Deform : and their share was ousting , ejectments , clearance , and distress , ' . vhilc their leaders were mado Lords , Members of _Parliament , Baronets , Knights , and Salaried Paupers ' .

      _No wonder that such a set of ragamiiflins should clamour tor objects which t ! , e _* y never inteiukd should be realised 1 If they had spent ali thu money ihc-y have niched from the people in agricultural improvement-, Ireland would now liavc been a paradise , and not a single Irish labourer vocUl be ill the English market . IVe have set them tiie example ; ami before this day twelvemonth . - ' " _<"•' " - practicable _Citar . isin" will have erected its own monument ; and every occupant located upon lii f * land will be a _gcod auxiliary in tha Chartist ranks . Now , my good friends , bciorc I wish you farewell , 1 have to holloa in vour cars that awful word

      dishonesty and the Executive . I will _r-ay no more , than that you employed then , and _eoiuracco _* . ! to pay them their wages ; that they have * , worked lisniiy and honestly ; and yon have ; withheld their just reward . You must lay a levy in ywn * several districts , and pay off your just debt . And let nie see that my absence , instead of _hicve-. ' . shig an -. thy , will increase your desire to teach mc that you _elo not require mo to teach you your duty towards yamvelvos . In my absence nil monies may _bs _sc-nt iv .: siisely a- ' - heretofore , addressed to me , and mam-: i'avaui . _i-: to Jlr . Ro ;; _--: i : rs . My nephew will See to their insertion _c"ic : i week in tiie Star ; and lie and Mv , Wheelei' can confe r _uron ali money _nnllcrs .

      -Mr Dear Fbiends,—I Nm Now About To Rede...

      4 I Aftei this week you will read of my tour . I shall necessarily _addicssyou'nfc considerable length ; for it is my intention that my tour shall be a profitable one to you . _Fareu ell , then , _inyfriends , till w e meet again . I am growing actually childish in my _desue to see the firsfc _^ hundied freemen sitting down to dinner , " in _coimneinoiation ol their leleaso from the house of bondage , —the ratttc-box and the damnable bastile _, ; and no monaiehat his coionation , no

      warrior at the news oi victory , no culprit at the announcement that his life has been spared , will mote rejoice at the announcement that what has been done by a hundred mayle equally effected by a nation Again _faiewell , iand God bless 3011 and _piospcr oui _xIi ; hteous object , until the return of Yonr initfhul _sei' ant and . _iffectiontta friend , _ITbaiiqus O'Connor .

      P . S . —One circumstance which I had intended to communicntb _^ to _. you on _myorcturn from niy recent tour , but which , slipped my memory till now , will be very pleasing to you to hear . It is this : —Mr . Ferrand , the member for Knaresboi _* ough , has let out ill allotments a considerable tract of ground , I believe as much as fifty acres , in the neighbourhood of Keithley , at the _same-renfthat it _tsould fetch on a lease in the bulk to a farmer ; while parsons and "Liberals" in the same neighbourhood are charging at the rate of as much as £ 20 , _£ 30 , and £ -10 an acre . This circumstance , together with his well-known humanity , hatred of humbug , and love of justice to the working classes , should recommend him to uc as another valuable patron to our society . Once more farewell . P . O'C .

      Ott

      ott

      ? ~ ^- \ Amd National..Teades' Journal,....

      ? _~ _^ - _\ AMD NATIONAL .. _TEADES' JOURNAL ,. ' . _^^ g _** g _* a-f' j—j--. _yg-Mn-a _^ _a > -i « . _r * _o _»» _^ \ _ftriwm " ¦ _. _•••^ p _. _» - _^— _. —„ i _^ iIM ¦¦ _i _»^^ ii m ~ ¦ ' ¦¦ _"* . ¦¦"• _•• _;';¦ , _¦* . _% -. _, . / : ' _^* y \ . _^ _ , __„^__ _^ . __ . * ~~ ' " : r " _^^ " _^ _* _MnWfotvwmmi _^ K _0 tmmn _^ _mBtfm 0 _mmeK 0 m _^ _mmma 1 __ _, . ,. ¦ . ¦ " _**** " . ' " L ''""" - "" mt S mr , im n 3 . ¦ ' _""v _^ _iUtiuuMJKMtVltWUuumn VOL . Till . NO ; 40 Sr _LONDON , SATURDAY , SEPTEMBER 6 , 1845 . * _j . JZ 21 _H 22 _% _Z i _—

      The Prize Essays. I Have Had Some Commun...

      THE PRIZE ESSAYS . I have had some communications relative to three prize essays that were sent to thc Trades Conference , and I have been asked why no notice lias bceu taken of them ? My answer is that my disappointment was as great as the writers ; and upon appealing to Mr . Barrett for some explanation , he told mc that the essays were not in his possession in sufficient time to use for the purpose for which I intended them ,- and for the only purpose they could serve ; namely , as a means of assisting the Conference in drawing up the plan of organisation . I have hot had time . to read more than one essay . Itis admirable . On my return I shall read the remaining two , and shall then communicate on the subject with the writers , if they will favour me privately with their address . A _Fuincus O'Coxxon .

      H Fmiijn Fa\Uili%Tim*

      h _fmiijn fa \ Uili % tim *

      • J " Germany. • ] The Sew Llefoltjiatio...

      • J " GERMANY . _] THE SEW _llEFOltJIATION . It is now something like six . months , or nearly so , since we lirst introduced to our readers tiic . question ofthe "New Reformation , " now agitating Germany , and exciting the attention of Eurogc generally . We _daresay atthe time some of our readers thought we _wcrci- _'ithcr unnecessarily occupying our columns with what they would look upon as the mere quarrel of religious sectaries . We , however , took a different view of thc question , and acted accordingly . We thought we saw from the ' outset of this movement something more than what at first-view was apparent . Honok denounced ' the imposture of the " Iloly Coat , " the supremacy of the Pope , and the despotism generally of the "Romish _hierarchv : but these denunciations were regarded

      by us but as indices of the spirit moving beneath the surface—the spirit of free inquiry , which , not conlining iis ' CA'crtions to the merely pulling down of one pviostiivnvty and setting up another in its stead , was ¦ gradually-undermining all priestly power , and all domination < -founded on fraud , whether of priests , kings , or any other description of usurpers . Every fresh event , every new step taken by the new movement , convinces us of tlie soundness of our views . Six months ago wc foresaw too , and predicted the success of this movement . Then we almost stood alone . Now there is not a paper ; . daily or weekly , but is devoting article after article to a subject which sixmonths back we made our readers conversant with . In again calling attention to the subject , it may not he unnecessary to present" abrief review of the question and its progress . -In this country , ' - seein g _, the Puscyite schism in the Established Church—witnessing , too , the system of proselytising , which for .

      some years past has been carried on by the llomish priesthood , anellistening to the " arrogant assumptions ' - ' , of tho-Irish Romish hierarchy , we might have been tempted to have believed , not only in the vaunted impregnability of the Popedom , but more than tliat , in its asserted gradual re-conquest of universal dominion . Hut what are the facts ? Why , that while in England , apostate Protestant priests , and a few unfortunate ignorant dupes , numbered by units , have been gathered into the "true fold ; " in other countries—in States where even the efforts ol Luther and his compatriots had been without effect ; in some of the oldest strongholds of Romish power , there has been , for many years past , a growing spirit of resistance to Papal tyranny ; aud , at length , an insurrection against that tyranny , which , at the present moment , bids fair to relieve "his holiness " of thc trouble of ruling some millions whose lathers were content to bc the " slaves of Rome . "

      Thc much calumniated French Revolution first called into active lifo the seeds of free thought sown by tlio lirst Reformation , and by the subsequent _progress of intelligence . So far back as 1703 , the spirit of free inquiry had made a lodgment even in the ranks of thc priesthood : and one of that order , thc priest Becker , of Paderboon ( Westphalia ) , was imprisoned for a time , by order of his ecclesiastical superiors , for certain "heretical" doctrines avowed by him . liis " heresy" consisted in tin ' s : ho had laboured to establish Sunday schools ; had inveighed against religious processions , as inciting to , and productive of various immoralities ; and finally , he had

      assailed thc laxities ami tyrannies of tlie superior orders of tlio Romish priesthood . For these ' ¦ offences" ho was persecuted through life : but his persecution did not prevent other Beckers from raising tlieir voices , from time to time , against the monstrous abuses existing in their church . The Silesian priesthood began to clamour against the odious celibacy imposed upon them , and demanded to be allowed ' to take unto themselves wives . At length _. loHAXNKS . or , John' Roxuk—he who has been calfed thc " second Ian nun "—arose . and r allying all tlie elements of dissent and resistance , produced the explosion which is now reverberating through

      Germain-. The lloman Catholic clergy at Treves lay claim to the _pOMC-wion of thc coat whicli , it is said , Jesus Christ wore at his crucifixion ' . ! and f or which the Roman soldiers " cast lots . " There arc a number <; '' other " coals" iu existence all < s : _< . _avud by their possessors to be ihe true end genuine " old do ' , " All these * oats have of course " _wavl-al miracles . " and tho devil _himselfhas been l _' l _' _siulm-ly floored several times by tho exhibition of tlw vouch old va ;; at Troves , in 1 * _--H-, tho semi-centennial _asmiveraary of tlie cxhibitiim of the " _c-oa _\ " e * vmo on * , and noi to l

      heretics , " and stilling the growth of dissent within the bosom oi tiie Church , Bis-top _Aitxoi . _oi _determined upon renewing the exhibit ; .- *!! of former time .- " . 'J'iie garment was exhibited for only one month : but in the coarse of that time , so weil had the priests . succeeded in inflaming tlio superstition and curiosity oi' the people , that it is _ealcuiated tliat more than a million aud a half of pious pilgrims visited Treves to e : et their shires r . _fxhs beneficial influence of the holy relic . _Aii-. _' . _iclcs , of course , wen . ' not wanting ; and even several members of tha very _hi' _-ihest ysckly declared _tlnmisrives healed from _dise-. _* i _* H' _* ' of long standing by a mere touch of tiie wonderful frock .

      • So i _' ai ' the impostors had cau sis for _triunnih : but in tlie height cf their intoxication u . dvosiil voice ' sounded in their ear .- ;—tiik _vok-k c >* _tisi .-tii . ixd _cojua- ' . ' _- ' _r-a . vsi :, _exposing the fraud , and _deiutuuciivi the _fraiul-monj-er _!' . That rara _avi--, in , Aojic . _^ priest , api ' _-ciived ; u ( he povson of . Ions _Uio-ok , who _l-u _' . dlv denounced _t ' _i-. a . farce as I _, c called it , of iho " holy coat . " liis leUer to Bishop A ; :. v ' ; u ;; appeared in tbi _' * _- _- paper : some months ago : and - . * , 0 need not- now eoovcr its _cc-iitei ' . ' . _* . The . earnestness and i _* _loiiuciicc " of the writer , _exlii ' iited in every lino , will _not ' be soon forirulleii . Thisjetler immediately placed _Roxo-Kntihe head of the _^ _dierai Catholics , wiil * . *\ w : i ' . v r . tturwavetR reiumiirud ih' _-ir aiiei ; _ti-r : ( . 'e to Koine , _uiitl _resuiveti _thcnifccivcsj-A : ; vw ir . ilependent . 0 \ : rnian Catholic _Chnri'ii . Tiie progress 0 f ( lie movement has been from tmm lo lime _iioliecd in this paper . Tiiere is ut pre . v ' _. _i . t _^ _eareely a town with a _i-. » m _: ia Catholic _> . m < ulo ! . ion 'bat has not one cr lucre ' . _* o : iCi _* eeatio ; _iS < _-i

      the new C :. _uiv ; i . _Kvcn _.--l l . ' ui . -,:. iio , ior ccnturif p ; _-, sl ibo s * , vo-. i » i : i >! d of ronory _, tVo coiigivgiiliy ;;

      • J " Germany. • ] The Sew Llefoltjiatio...

      have been alicadv formed Indeed , the rr . o > emint daily advances wit _' l giant sti ides , 17 c confess our sympathy with the new sect , and we do so not because nc feel any particulai hostility to vaids the cieeds , and lehgious notions of the Romish Church , but because we rtgard that _churcli aa , 1 political tyianny , setting up a moniuous _deBpo-Um over the so'ils and bodies ol men , nn _^ c « _joiniiw all to acknowledge and bow to its _infcdhMfa . Fioro the time that the Popes have _ent'itl ! the seat of thc C _. _"ES _\ ns _, to tho picsent hour , " they- hw \ e been the champions ' and _repiesontatnes"bf' _" clcspotilriT jn lfs worst and _deadliest fomi _. To tell us tliat "Rome

      his changed " is fudge . _Whercver / _iliis Ilolhess " has full and nncontiolledswav _^ tlie _^ daikriess ot the middle ages yet siuuves ; and'tyranny , menial , political , and social , is maintained b _} hts , _coiti » p tion , _pcisccution , and death Tlie selections w * nr _^ o (• li en fioi _i Mi M \ 77 i i's pin ; JiIet , shouinf the houiblc condition ot tho " state * , ol thcchuidi , " prove this . The Popedom , aa a political as well as theological despotism " , stands in the way of human ' progress , and Its fall is necessary for tlio salvation of mankind . Therefore it is that we are compelled to respond to _ the appeal of _lloxoi ; , as recently addressed by him to the nations of Europe ; —

      "Arise , then , men of Germany . and France ! men of Great Britain , Italy , and _Sp-sin _, arise ! men of Europe and America ! Let us unite ire tlie noble enterprise . I ' o thc work , like men—the work' of peace and freedom . The hour is come . let us break thc yoke imposed on faith and _consciem-ee—drag down- _Jying- priesthood and the Hierarchy ! Annihilate _disdaiiri ' ul Jesuitism , insulting God and man > and usher iu the glorious _rei-jn of truth , light , and righteousness—of virtue , of freedom , _i and of love . " The rcceut disturbances in Leips'ic demand a few words of explanation . These disturbances have been imputed to the independent Catholic movement ; bus we believe this to be not the fuel . It appears that , _, iu Saxony , about ninety-six . per cent , ot the population ave Protestants . Ths new Catholic movement ,-therefore , cannot much affect that kingdom . But a new movement has also taken place amongst the Saxon Protestants . We find the following explanation of this "now mc-ve-iVittvt in the Times : —

      1 he liberal religious sect or party 111 Protestant Prussia and Protestant Saxony has assumed the title ofthe- Licht . I ' rcunde , or Friends of Light ; and are simply Protestant Dissenters—seceders from the forms of Protestant worship which are established in the liorth of Germany . Il U beside our purpose' to inquire into tlieir theological tenets , though we suspect that they are move remarkable for the extreme laxity of their own- interpretation , both of the doctrines and moral precepts of Christianity ,-than for aught of the dogmatism and severity of thc elder reformers . It is sufficient for us to observe , that in Prussia tliis sect has manifested--a-spirit of active opposition to what are termed the Pietists , or High Church party , in

      that country ; and in Saxony thoy have formally dissented from the doctrines of the Confession of Augsburg . The King and the lloyal family of Saxony belong to that small fraction of the Saxon people whicli adheres to tlie Jloman Catholic faith . The spiritual affairs of the kingdom are conducted by three .-ministers , who are specially designated as ministers in cceksiasticis ; they are of course Lufhercans . As the guardians of the Lutheran church , _professing to hold by the Confession of _Augsburg , which maybe regarded as the established religion of the Saxon people , these ministers in ecclcsiasticis viewed ivilli extreme dissatisfaction and alarm the progress of a sect of Protestant Dissenters hostile to that church ami treed .

      They proceeded , therefore , a few weeks ago , to promulgate a decree , in the name of the King , but in reality ou their own responsibility , forbidding- tlie formation and assembly of religious . congregations professing opinions at variance with the Confession ot' Augsburg . This measure was , of course , csptcially calculated to check the progress of the Protestant Dissenters calling themselves the Friends of Light . As might have been anticipated , such an edict created very great surprise and irritation . Saxony is a country possessing a constitutional Government , and au educated aud intelligent people _-, and it _required no very great penetration to discover that to tic men down to the Confession of Augsburg by a royal ovdinauce was singularly inconsistent with the true prhi . ciplos of the _Ileformation of 1 S 20 , and with the tolerant usages of our own age . Prince John , of Saxony , who , like most of thc German Princes closely connected with the throne , has a seat in the Council of State , and , we believe , presides over that body , is supposed by the people to have contributed to induce the ministers in ccclesiaslicis

      to try this unlucky experiment . ' It was regarded at Leipsic asa direct encroachment on the fundamental principle of the Protestant Reformation ; and -thc citizens , or rather the . mob , visited their indignation , probably most unjustly , on au unpopular Prince , The above is the version given by the Time . * : but other journals represent the excitement to have been caused by the King ' s refusal to permit the Catholic Reformers to assemble for ; the exercise of worship . He that as it may ; ' whether the . " rioters" were Protestant !) isschtcrs _| j or ' ,, Catholic llefonners , or composed of both parties , which is the most likely , judging by their shouts and sons ? , ' one thing is certain— blood has been shed . '" This blood-shedding rankles in the hearts of the Saxon people , who , with thc _GcniiHUs gencraiiy ; "iii'c "beginning to _Ieavn the lesson ot practical resistance to kings .

      We know that some of the friends of political and social progress in Germany look with distrust on these religious movements , as calculated to mislead 1 lie masses from the pursuit of political and social freedom . We do not share their fears . So long as the people ave the slaves of religious fanaticism , tlicy cannot bc brought to listen to the truths ol' political and social equality . Once " the dry bones are well shaken , " and the masses arc- brought to think on religious questions , independent of the dictum of any church or priesthood , tlicy will not pause there . U 0 . N 01 : is but the precursor of others who will teach the people to f _Ai ' ii / . _* , independent of _kinas and masters , as well as popes and priests . Indeed , the Prussian Government , already alarmed at the rcvoiuttoiiarv tone of some of Ho . _vou ' s late discourse's , have

      placed him under the surveillance of the police . On tiie _otiier hand , tho King of Saxony , incited by the Romish and other zealots who surround him , seems determined to crush , -if he can , _t-iie'Protostiint . f > issenteis ami Cathuli'j Ucibrinci'S , both . lie S : k 1 s _hiniseli ' , however , opposed to a people who , if roused , are very likely to crush him . Tlie students and thc Civic Guard of Leipsic gave tlieir assistance to vesture order and prevent the further ei ' _iiision of blood . Hut , that accomplished , they forthwith demanded of thc king , in a tone little suited 10 { lie taste of the court , flint a strict _investimilicn sliould be made into the circumstances of tiic

      riot- ; and that these who had caused the blood ofthe people to be shed should be punished . The king replied , stating that his confidence in the loyalty of thu people of Leipsic was shaken ; reminding the citizens that his brother had been " grossly insulted , " and the public authority defied by Lhe " mob . " Of course , _ti ' icgowl people of Leipsic c _.-irc not a straw for tliis " kingly lecture . " It is _eimugh for them that the _l-fog has refused Ihem justice . The consequence will be , thai ; when " next ho visits Leipsic , he will stand a good ehaneo of being himself " giws _' _-yiris-sltod" and fas authority _"di-l ' _icii . " _"KiugJIoh" is daily aeriuiring _incrcasinir cuntenmt i ' _-v . - ail rival kings !

      It is not _diilicult _tosee that tins _nsxt _yreat _revolution will bo in Germany . Ali the educated classes scorn the superstitions of the van :: us priesthoods : and these new rc ' _iidous movements will tend to oj . _'Cli tho eyes and hasten tho mental caiVaucliiseiucnlo !' tho in , _'i 5 _.-cs . Thc ' principle ! ' of _Ja'ptiblieiViiiY . m , Communism , and " u Germany , one and indivisible , " are tho principles of nint ' _-lonthy of the students and other young men , who c ; .: > _.-, tiUite- ihe s ! _-v : ;!'; U ! ox " _You'i ; : ta . T !! _i ;! " ; y . " The prc / cnt time ia pregnant with a movement which tin * future will see _bi'oui'ht forth , and that too at no distant day , when all the existing despotism--, spiritual , politic ;;! , and s : ; ii ; _il , will be swept away by the lava cf revolution ; ami what in ' 03 Frauce talked aUv . t , _CivriURliY 1 M 1 I u \ J . SPAIN .

      ?**! 1 /¦ •» _( 1 1 .. /* j J . - -. _- > ' . J . . 1 . - _•*** 1 Tiic acer . ants from _iUaein'd of ff ' : e _2-J . ; h and i \ 7 _l-li ult ., show tho _ciimpii . 'te restoration oi' _traiuiuiliity . The . •!;« po . ' : r ; _iey have no stomachs for lighting , and , as Ihcii' ps's-. lvc _resistance could not long havo remained '' _passive , " they wisely succumbed . _^ On the 2 "> lli . 'til { . ' no shops wero open a- * ' usual . M . Men v , 'a _.-pei-oisi ) : _^ with _'Jio utmost activity in thc exeou'i _^ nf his Sinimeial plans , ralcu ' aiiing , r . o doubt , that : _suppressed c , uv .: io would rathcr . iicl tha :: _t-thci-wis- _- . * fin resolutions of the Government .

      INDIA AND _CHINA—OVEUUXD MAIL . The overland Wail baa arrived , _bvinfiiv . g advice : frr . _!" , 'hat rVc _^ idcner ol ' tho 10 ! Ii July , from _Caleutt ; _i-. f Ik * i : i : b . iulv , n « U China i > f ' -he 2 _* . lnvl May . ' . I ' m news from _i > dm ! c h of some interest , 'i he iract- 0 _camrrv mi the _wej-ter » bank of the Indus , _rcciMit _;; eedidtn tho Governor bv Aloer Ali _Moortu , . _' . avni ' heen invaded aud pinndercd hy the Tiesghbourin ; _fvihrs , it had been deemed _expeilient to send a win ; _fn - ' _lkeistli ili . mbav . Kativo _'lulantry lor ihe _pjii'i . _iu : _" _oi _-.-li : . .:-. _* . ¦ _-. ¦ : _••• _ 'i , .. etv .: ivi ' . « aevs ; _ai- <; :. i : o noii-aiT _" . v . " . l «

      nov . v _iVm-. _i this _diSfnt-hmoiit hud led to thu mie . _i-euj _th . _- it ' irinfyicemniis woaid Lc v _.-nuicd , and t ! i : _C ti i : ? f ; _-ir had heen found to he more _sia'am . ' than _wrs Ihe _fnv-fc instance anlicipaleil . Tho liissatnmctJi _( _'fe-. _' _-si _' _- ' . i ' . cd hy tho re-i :: troi ! uct _* . _iiu ot the tvsn :-duiics , after " tlieir abi _.-lition bv Lord Kjjcniioiv . _itJi _!"' i - : d ; - ;!• . ' . ered no _diinim-tioii . Uui _inichi _^ fncc fro _Uiljy / c tomes down lo ti . cS-ith oi' -June , ami k

      • J " Germany. • ] The Sew Llefoltjiatio...

      some impbrtAnoe . The cholera tt as considei ably the decline , the average number of deaths pel day having dnindkd down fiom COO to fiom t « eiif \ to thuty . This teinblc disease , honcver , st'll continued its lavages m othcpaits ol the runjaiib , and had occis'orcd a great 11101 t _. ility at thc _Butish station ot Feio 7 epoi' 0 , whero sovei . il of thc j > n \ _atc 3 oi lier M _yesfyS B 2 nd Regiment liad fallen victims to it . Wc have _nbeidj mentioned the insuncctionary mpiemu't ol _Peshanui Singh , and ins suipnse ana enntuicoinpirU with % I 11 £ _? c _. imount of treasuie _Vr

      attempt to a * . _Mssinate _Ghoolab Singh had beeu discov eicil , and tIie /) iigiiiator oftlieplot , after hating taken , poison , denounced Jewalnr Singh and _Lall Singh ( thecommandci ot thc loiccs ) . is hisinstigatoisand cm * rlo _» _eis _ItissukleJ that _Jcwahir Singh , in asiib * sequent attack _wjtltalaigofoicc on Ghoolab Singh , had been _wonted with a Joss of 0 , 000 men . This account was , _honerer , considered somewhat apociyp ha ) , and had certain _!^ not been confirmed fiom any , authentic source . Ghedh * b Singh still continued at XahoTe . " The tumours that wcie _cuirenf ofthe

      intention of the _Govenancnt to make _vn _incn _.-sion into the _Silfli coimfcn _apocars to _lesf on no better foundation . _» From Southern Mahrattawe have 1 ttlo nens _hcsotid ' _ithc fact tliat thc choleia had _pvoired e \ ceedingly , _iajal . . it _Belgssim _andj-lvholapore , and ' had not spaicd the _JSuiop « s * fn lcsidqnts . By accounts froin AfT ' _l _' _. uustan , y ? e leant that Akhbar Khan hoped to c _« _tain . 1 icm . rsion ~ of his sins by » __ _jotJiiiey to _I'leeca ; lau . iiiah _? einent ol which the Dost , his father , _iftotr-othei dis-ppio \ ed _, seem , ' that thc King of / _Jokliars _' ltiMl intimated his intention to mvic ' eandnnpiopi'ato tho teintoiy of the AYullee ol lihooloom The eholei . i was still 1 aging at Gh . i / nee and _Jo'hlibrd . In China , ti . ule was st iteel to be zipiul _; impio nip . It _ippcaib that _aV-cjting , \\ h 0 h td been deg' . idee' 5 1 st _^ c 11 , 1 id 1 ccc . li crt a scat , _in the Cabinet , « A- _distant Mmislci _, thc post formerly held bv K ! eshei " r . . . IT . ALY . ' . -

      Tnn Italian Issubobs _t * - —Lettersfrom _thcloniaa Islands make mention _t-ha-i on the ' 25 _ih of Julj _% the first anniversary of tire Ian etvtct ! ekatUot vi \ c small ba'rtd uiulci * ths ' brothcrs Bi _* _ndicra , a _fmicral scrvico wasn _mformedin the _IVatiiV . church of Cephalmnaia meniery of the deceased , fl ie death-bell tolled , the sacred edifice was _hiing _^ v & _iSi -black drapery , and in the centre of _th-i aisle _wasi erected a _mauniliceift _catafal-nuc , surmounted bv &< . " crown of palitt" leaves , symbolieai of marfyrrfom . " Ji ' scroll ov inscription indicated thc names-or on _w ' _i'K _•" occasion the deluded

      , victims saiTendered _tliciv _iiv-at . hut two groups ot 1 ta I ian lad ies at opposite _angla'S _, and other two groups of Italian-gentlemen at f lie cM «• angles , attired in . deep mourning , kneeiim ; ai . & shedding tears , aud the well-reaieinbcrcii dav of Hie _prccctlinjr year , marked oaJ' plainlv ths event .. After tho performance of liinh mass , and the _oflV- » i _«? "P of a solemn pniyer to t ! icA ! nii « hly for the s < i "Is of the dead , a funeral dirge , printed in gold , _oiufji 'ack-edged paper , was distributed to all _the'devo-tri assisting at this mshincholy cerennony .

      _SWfitrtSK _" : A _LuiBuAi lvjsG .--Ifc . is known- that in the last ' Swedish l _' arliament several b ilk ,.. _" : oi ltiiining organic and radical improvements in the coi istitution , were _tliBOwn out by the Lords anel tlie _cien-g _, v , in opposition _, to the votes of the burgesses * anil 1 'ho peasantry , which latter is represented in Swede ; 'i . Tho King was , it seems , reluctantly compelled- ft yield to siich a powerful impulse . In one ease , ifen veycr , he did _hotj and gave his assent to a bill _eqiiwl ' -sing the law of inan _* iagc and inheritance in all cla ' _ssi s of society , which , the nobles lute ! protested _agaivisL \ This is tbe first atop , as it were " , to elo away with _l-v . a nogcnitiiro and the entailing of property . ' The-: Swei _'i- h _papcre are full in praise of lung Oscar , aud es ( isidcr tln " s net as an indication of a liberal-anil ' aa _lightenedrciait , like that of his lute father .

      Fovfymniinu I^^Tmgs »

      _fovfymniinu _i _^^ _tmgs »

      Chartist Co-Operative-Land Sqs Lety. Mee...

      CHARTIST CO-OPERATIVE-LAND SQS lETY . Meetings for the purpose of enrolling-mc-iub « rs aniL transacting other business- eonnecteel' _iheye-. vi _^ h arcc held every week ou the following days _aiuLplflei ! S : — SU . _VDAV _EVBX 1 SG . . \ South London Chartist Ilall , 115 , Blackfnars _^ . voad , at half-past six o ' clock . —OV */ Chartist _fkdlM , Turnagain-lane , at six o clock . — _iiwftiu ' _iisfcr . - at Uie ! Parthenium Club ilooms , 72 , St . Martin ' s-lane , "» fc Ji . _'iifpast seven . —Svwrs Town : at-Mr . _I ' Jitddi _' _ege's , Jhicklayers' Anns , _Tonbridgo-strcct , Ncw-roatl ; at ei _^ hfc —Sbivcr Hamlets : at the _"WliiUinsfou aud Cat , Church-row , Uethnal-green , at six u ' clcck precisely . ' —Emr , iett' ' s Brigade : nt the ' Hock Tavern , Lissongrovc , at-eight o ' clock precise ! v .. _JIOXDAV _EVKSlXti .

      CamberweU : atthe Montpelier Tavern , _"Walworth , at eight o ' clock precisely . _TiiEsn . w * uvr . _xixn-. Tuwcr Hamlets : at the WliiUmgton _naid Cat , Church _Itow _, Ucthnal-gvecu , at eight o ' elnek . — Greenwich : attheCcorgc and Dragon , lihickhcatll hill , at eight o ' clock . .

      1 VJ * i > XKSnAY EVHSIXO . _Maryl-ebone : at the _Piiiiitcvs' Anns , Circus-street , at eight , precisely . _, _IviANCllJvSTER . — _CAnrfiSTEIts' IIALL ; A IcC ' ltVC will bc delivered in this Hall , on the evening of Sunday ( to-morrow ) , by Mv . Win . Dixon . Subject : "A refutation of the . objections to thc Land Plan of the Chartist Co-operative Land Soeiefy . " Chair io be taken at half-past six o ' clock . ' The- meuthly meeting of the members fin connection . with the above Hall will bo hold in thc ante-room , at two o ' clock in the afternoon of Sunday { to-morrow } .- A' meeting will be held in the above Hal ! , 011 the evening of Sunday , the _1-lth inst ., when Messrs . M'Grath , Doyle , anil Chirk will address tlie meeting ; chair to bc taken at half-past six o ' clock-.

      Tins l . \ _xa , —A general meeting of ' tho shareholders in the . Chartist Co-operative Land Society will take place in the large ante-room of the Carpenters' Hall , Garret-road , Manchester , on San day ( to-morrow ) , to take into consideration tho 1 vvis . 1 l ot tho rules , & e . Chair to bo taken uD eleven o ' clock in the forenoon . _St' . _' . aiionovcn . —Thc members cf thc Chartist _Cooperative Land Society meet every Monday evening , at half-past seven o ' cloek , at the _hoiuc of Mr . Charles Wcndiey , _15 ' 3 _, _Long-wcst-eatc . _Ot . nu . vM . —On Sunday next , the 7 lh instant , Mr . . Tames Leach will led are in tho " Working Man's 1 lall , _llnvsedge-streoi , at six o ' clock in tho evening . An adjourned meeting of the _sharehnldcrs of tin ; Cooperative Land Society will take place- in the anteroom of the hull , at two o ' clock hi thc _iifternaon .

      U ; :. v . > _i-v .: ; i > . — 'lhe Committee cf the _Gkart-ist _Cooncraiivu Land Society will meet iu their mom , _Ibvttenvorth-hiiiidii ! _" ! _-: , on Sunday , at two o ' clock in the _iiftrruoon . _*— The tucmbers ef the-Chartist Council will meet in the Council-room , on Sunday morning , at , ten o ' clock . —Un Monday evening a meeting of thc Chartist Co-operative Land _Soc-irly will bs held in the large room , _ijuttei'worlh-biiildiiigo _,. at seven o ' clock . _IhiAi-i- ' ojij ) SKO * r . v , iKi ; ns . —A meeting of the Slicemakers' _So- _'iety will be held on _Zifonday _p . vening , at eight _oYIoek , in their room , Uov and _llau'ell Inu , _Wcstgnlc . Kin . _' _jKKMiXSTT _' a . —A public _inontingo'' the _shnrc-Imldei's ofthe Co-opcrntive Land Society * . vili beheld at tlie I ' wig ' s Head , on Aionday avening _nsxt , Ci . _t'i'iiHiioi _* .. —The Committee of the Chartist Cooptivitive Land Society v . _* i ! i _j-. ieet every Monday evening , at . Mr . . _iosiuia . _Su-we _!!' :-, ] _l ydc-s _^ uurc , to enrol members and jrivo one two .-, an ;! rales . _iii-iCKSTica . —The Land Ciuumitteo meet at No . C , _Fleel-strect , at- eight o ' ekek everv Aionday night , to

      envoi member ;} . _Livk / _iTooi .. — Pnsr . rc _Biscvssto : _LivK / _tPooi .. — Pnsr . rc Bhxusswx

      . — "leave the Chartists done anything inwards alleviating the co * i-( iifion of the _worliing t _* l : _is' : ; _-. s ' : "—A lecture will bo delivered on the above subject in the Tcw _. _ptv-Anco jb . il , : _¦ -, _Uose-j > hicc , on . Monday _evening -it . _'it , ' _fhriJV t ' . i be taken at half-past seven . Uiseit _.-ii-lcii invited . —T S " . 15 . The above r _.-om will bo open I ' . u * lectures and disci siions ever ; . ' Monday evening , admission _Irec . Ti . _'K C ' _jiMii'nsrs oi' _i _' . ' ewfasile aud _'ibiteshead wili meet in _th'j bouse o ! " Martin-Juek ' . ; _-un i ' . ii ! , _Side , _Neivcar-tli _' _-iipon-Tyne , onSimtiavevc _:-:: _;;; _, _Scut , 7 th , at six _•¦' eii . ' _-k . " ' l . ; _- . _i"Ti ! _Suii-i . ns . —The members of tiic Chartist Co-ope' . ;*; ivo Laud _fiiicie-ty . vlii tv _. _c-st at the _hens' _-a of Mr . I ') : u _* ii'as , _Bcnvbro' - _? pa , King-3 treot , on Friday _fVeiiing _. ' Scpt . ' _l-tli , at _hall-j-asi f . even _o ' eioek _, and _ci : ; _i ! ii : ! i' . rio meet everv fortnhil : : f _& m that dale until .

      ; _iiiiiheruiitit'e . I P . _auxsixv . —A general mcciir . g of Ihcinonmcra of ! Iho Land _Jieeiciy wiil bo _Ischi in Mr . Thomas Aek' k _.-i ' s _l- _'irec rocni , " on . Myntl _.-. y , _tept . ihh , to revise tho . ; ivies ami" elect direelni _* _.-. j tt _' : _* ; , T-i . ' ! _i'iN _* i l ) r : ; . r . _i-. \ 7 r . Mi ; KTi : ; f ; . — The next . ! Vi ' cst-iUdi : i ! : _"delegatetnceiir . g ' . v : ; . tiiul _' . e . _* . li , iiSi ' . uday . \ :: i " _, it . _l- ! _-ih , in ihchv . _-aiuT !) n \ _Vnillchie-liiiiv , ilalifa . _" _^ ; to t _* : >!! : i ' . icncc nt twelve o'ciue !; . : Mi- _^ . _*" . ; .:: _*; . ' —A _campmeeiins iviil ho _htld on Harts-¦ he .- " . ! rib " , on _Riiiidav , _ivbon _Mri-sTs' . _Clirisionhei ' j . _Avyie . Philip _M'Unitli _. nm ? Tlmmas _ClavkVill _ait ' ciid . Te ciimmenee af cv . ' o (/' clock in the afternoon . : _Mi _- . ffS _' . _is . 0 . Dovi . _; :, V . M'Cvatb , and T . Claik , wiii 5 U' _-: ! _iii ! ramp r . _K'e ! : i ' ' : ; at _M-- _« ky , at two o ' cloek . wi Sni ! _' : ; _-r ai ' tcriH- ; _:-: ues _; _., _i- ' _-ruT . 71 b . ; ' _Kncnii _; . _!* . —Mr . _Thonuis _tJS-v . _-k will lecture hero

      ; m _tiio _As-o-.-iar-oii-if _;; . _-: _!! , at kaif-p . _* : sr six o ' _t'iocl " _, _ oii ' _Stiiiila . v _e-veiiini _: i : _ex ' . _'i'iu- ] _'ro ( _.-ee : l : ' of tlie meeting wiii be hanile . _' ! over Toil ; ...- _V- ; _.- ; i . m fmiii ; it is therefore h ' _-K-d thai iiii ; friends frcm she yurraiiiidini ; districts

      wi -, at- _-,-, _i-csciit-. _MkSv _' . s . C . Hovli :. T . _Cirvk , and P . M'GratH wiii address _t \ w- p _;^> ie < f Mn lnr . m on Momiay _* . _Blale-ybviiii'e , Tuesday : Maeehviielit , AVcihii > : day ; ilanley . Tbursdiiy ; I . _cvgtwi , i ' ri ' . iay ; and Manchcsici' mi _Smubiy . Am ; tiix-i : m : _i-::-Lv : _'i _' . — _Mcssyss . P . _M'CiVfti-li and . C . l . _' _.-ylf wili piidiw _.- - I la- " irph ; ni" ihis ulaei ! tm di ' . y cveiviv . g i ' _- CSV . —The . s ' " aiVi ' . vlO . _eVA \ bia . i . _- _'h of " ihe Charfis : C _;; _-f ; j ; c ;; , ! ivc are ; _-C" ;; ies _{« i to allcn = l at \ U > . _-Jlu'VUst _tiiiv-k-sireet , _i-n ; iiii : d _,-: y i ! i _.- _> . i , : > p ! ,. 7 j . Ii P ' , _^ c . of tkeimg n _:-w eiiicevv , l \; v lhe v _. est to lie-Hi' thu _act-fuii _' is ui ' tin . i ; i _.- _-r _aiiai-tci _wKe to propose a : ; '" a ! t < _::: " _: km _tiial may lnc . _' _ssai'v in the _i'lixs of tho _;>( _A-ivtv ,

      -' «;.--' * ,' \\,\- A:-'Hton L:>.::D ^O...

      _- ' «; _.--' _* , ' \\ , \ - A :- _'hton L : > .:: d _^ _oeiejfjT _w $ vd , % _'eh- ; , _toV- iiho pui _* - - _qUjti _^ oi ; . « 'Uld ' ' _iT-jid'j'Tike-K > Ih ' oVght - — \ _.., : ¦ 'J- \ _¦)¦¦' ¦ ¦ : tW A : 4 itou . ! .: _* :: (! Jr- . cwriS . ty . " * . v _H $ VA , * _&&}¦ . ; _-- '¦' . _:, fe . i ; iiho pur- . i ' " i _lTMei :. _amT '\ : r _iT-jid _' _j'Tike- !'• . ' ¦ - ¦ - _, iy _&? _IhWght' -

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Sept. 6, 1845, page unpag, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_06091845/page/1/