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Northern Star (1837-1852), 5th October 1850, Edition 3 of 3, Page 3, f\N THE PREVENTION, CURE, AND \J General ' character :of SYPHILUS,, STIUCTUllES,

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    • f\N THE PREVENTION, CURE, AND \J General ' character :of SYPHILUS,, STIUCTUllES,
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      Iatjind Kick:" - -This Renlv Is Sf Ill •...

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      Pocirg

      _pocirg

      General Hatnau^D Judge Lisgh

      GENERAL HATNAU _^ D JUDGE _LISGH

      A new Song to an old Tune . ¦ _. Bt Bks . " i _^ 7 » The 3 Iisletoe Bough . " . * . 7 Sright _. _^ g _htly the « _#£ _& SSi £ ? SS ?' _aaSSS _5 S 3 _SS _^ brown _stout-SwS _hduest _^ ho _badbroken _uo _W _T _^ _they _firrt heard the cry , " -Barf- the butcher mjmm ' The 0 H Austrian tyrant Haynau ! :

      g _^ _ere—there , in their midst , the old miscreant "His hands a *" bis soul stained with innocent blood : The black-hearted wretch—a disgrace to mankind—The _Worker of deeds by the devil designed ; Bv him bad been sent to a premature grave , Thenoble _, the virtuous , the lovely , the brave . " Bat thoug h they have fallen , their names shall outlive . ' ¦¦' - ¦ - -- _' ¦ * _^ he high-sounding titles which tyrants may give To the base villain Haynau .

      • The tyrant , discovered , _Ttas . fiUed _with dismay , . As a broad hint was given to shorten his stay ; And as his case came under Judge Lynch ' s law , Be was felled to the earth "with a batten of straw ; Bis hat , which before had perhaps seldom heen Uplifted to greet any less tban a Queen , " 2 _fow flew from Ms head , the hard stones to salute , " As a football to bound from a coal-heaver's boot . What a change for the haughty Haynau ! Ihe general had now had enongh of the fun , And , although 'twas not brave , he determined to

      run ; The brewers pursued as he fled towards the street , "Where the coal-heavers met to cut off his retreat ; "Here ' s the old woman-flogger , the Austrian Jack Ketch "—« The iackall of royalty , " "Down with the ¦ wretch !" Ihese cries met his ear , while with filth from the His person was daubed , till he looked black enough E ' n for a brute like Haynau .

      Then down came each drayman s long whip with a crack , . ' O ' er the superfine coat on his highness s back ; "Who ,- though he had oft seen the lash red with gore , "Upon his own back had ne _' r felt it before ; And one , ' mid the crowd whom he thought would have feared To touch him—now sawed with a knife at his

      beard . ' Quite frantic with rage , to escape , then , he tried ; "While the crowd hallooed after along the Bankside " Ton old vsoman-flogger , Haynau !" On , on , goes the chase towards the Thames' muddy tide ; On , on , till they reach the old George in Bankside ; Jake a fox . to his hole , in the old schemer went , Thus hoping to throw his pursuers off the scent ; But hearing the crowd a 3 they forced their way in , Be in haste ran to hide in a filthy dust-bin ; But , his covert soon found , he" was quickly hauled out , And was by bis tormentors again cuffed

      about—In a manner quite new to Haynau . Some strangers now sought and obtained his remile the landlord sent off for a troop of police ; Then conveyed him upstairs , where he sank on a

      bed , "With his eyes filled with * tears such as crocodiles shed . The police comin j in , put his fears at an end , "While his friends his torn garments now hastened to mend ; This done * , with despafch _^ hey now hear him away , To the stairs where , so well-manned , the police gallev lay . And rowed off with the dirty Haynau !

      The poor Austrian tool , who exnltmely came To onr land , in the height of his butchering fame , To show his contempt ( as he said with a smile ) Of the public opinion of this little islelike a craven now sneaks in disguise from our shore , Among cowards to seek an asylum once more ; To be cheered by such men as * the poor crazy slave , "Who cut up our Queen ' s portrait to show himself

      brave—In the style of his master , Haynau . Here ' s a health to each coal-heaver , drayman , and brewer , "Who sought to give Haynan a cold water cure ; May a monster so cruel ne ' er again cress their path , }~ of perform such Tile deeds , as that old villain hath ; May all tvraats be humbled , whate _' er their _decree , "Whether " kings , statesmen , soldiers , or sailors they be ; _Hav rich men he good men , and poor men te true , And each give to each what to all men is due—The chance to be happy and free !

      Mfthftss

      _MftHftSS

      The Peasant War Of Germany—{La Guerre De...

      The Peasant War of Germany —{ La Guerre des Paysans , < 5 < I By A . Weill . Paris , Anryot . _SlErERCEEE ' s opera La Prophete has called attention to tills little vrork , which on its first publication dropped almost still born from the press . It has , however , merits sufficient to claim notice on its own account . Every _pre--rioushistorianhourever , excepting Zimmerman , had laboured to stigmatise the insurgent

      peasaute and their leaders as sanguinary savages , urged to revolt hy the mere thirst of blood and plunder , and having no object in view but the gratification of their worst passions . Zimmerman was the first who depicted the intolerahle grievances nnder -which the peasants groaned , the wrongs which they sought to redress , and *& e cruelties tbat drove tliera to seek revenge . Al "Weill endeavours to carry their vindication farther . Being himself one of the ' most devoted disciples _ofTFonrrier , he maintains Ihat the social equality demanded by the . insurgents -was a virtuous and useful principle , — and that those who were hunted to death as _enemies of mankind should be regarded as martyra to humanity .

      31 . Weill's primary error is his supposition that Socialism is a modern invention . The rh yme adopted in Wat Tyler ' s rebellion : — When Adam delved ana Ere span , Who was then the gentleman ? has been in one form . or other , the motto of every servile andpeasant insurrection recorded in history . _M . Weill ' s second and more grievous error is that of supposing that the enthusiasm -which ibe desire of equality inspires in the first instance , and -which has enabled Jacquerie to commence its career with victory , can ever

      become a permanent principle . JLnere can be no order without discipline , —and there can he no discipline without a recognition of some superiority . Hence , the ruin of a Jacquerie begins at the moment of its most brilliant triumph . Disunion and distrust pervade its counsels ; every man claims to do that which seems ri ght in his own eyes ; tbe greater part ofthe insurgents become disgusted by the excesses of their companions ; and the ruling classes recover their authority with such facility that they accuse themselves of cowardice in having allowed it ever to be lost .

      A'third error must also be noted . M . Weill attributes too much to tbe impulse which Luther and the Reformation gave to the public mind in Germany . The war against the Castle preceded the war against the Convent the " Confederation ofthe shoe" ( Buhdschuh)—so called because the peasants were forbidden to wear boots or busking , —and the revolt ofthe "Poor Conrad" ( the Jacques Bonliomme of Germany ) preceded the preaching of Luther secret societies to obtain redress or revenge were formed by the peasants in Alsace and in Southern Germany a century before Luther was born .

      Having pointed out these : errors , we proceed to extract some characteristic incidents of tbe' great Peasant War , selecting those ¦ ffhichhave been either slightly glanced at or entirel y omitted by modern historians . The oiigih of the war was curious : — Henry of _Tiinswlel seeing that Ms peasants were impoverished by the forced labours then extorted - from vassals , felt such remorse of conscience that he _^ _rote to Luth _gr inquiring if it were not a sin to exact their time and toil / rom these poor wretches ; without any ' compensation . Xuther s reply is _characterise . ' The , great , reformer wrote back that "he Bli ght maintain the system with a safe conscience , _« nce social order required that the serf should be aWYfl y _bnrtheaed _fert l & e _Jesfaurun he _sfconhj _| f «

      The Peasant War Of Germany—{La Guerre De...

      royal arbhiy & s of- _'Slutighrdt _^ ahd' iii ' requires ' no commentary ; Helena , Countess of Lupfen , adopted _t"ather _^ sadvice , __^ She . suppressed e \ jen . flie holidays allowed to- the peasants ,. and enjoined' that they should spend the Sunday ingathering wood strawberries for the ladies of Tier _fco ' urt , and collecting snail shells to make ' pelletSand b 6 bbiris . _> pparently trifling as tnis circumstance is it was the cause of a general conflagration . It was the- drop of water which causes ; the vessel to overflow .- On the day itf

      appointed for the collection of snails and strawberries the peasants from several villages assembled- ; and having chosen John Mullerfor their chief , they declared . to " 4 _ifie-Count-that they were resolved to become freemen , and that thejr : wpnld ; n 6 . longer yield' Mm vassalage or obedience . ' Oh the first day ; August 24 , 1524 , their number was about six hundred . Before the end of a fortnight , " being joined by several of the lower grade of the middle class , they mustered fonr thousand ,. and took the name of the Evangelical'Confederation . ' _*"

      The chief of the insurrection was Thomas Munzer , from whose character Scribe has taken some of the leading traits ascribed to bis Prophet . He published a manifesto proclaiming the wrongs of the peasants , and demanding a Charter of Freedom consisting of twelve articles . These articles were everywhere adopted by the insurgents . We quote the Alsatian verson of them as the most energetic aBd concise : — . 1 . The gospel shall he preached , according to the truth , and not according to the interests of priests and nobles . 2 . "We shall pay no more tithes small or great . . 3 . The rate of interest shall be reduced to five per cent . ' 4 i All waters shall be free / 5 . All forests shall be common property . 67 Game laws shall he abolished . 7 . There shall be no more serfs or vassals . S . "We shall elect our own rulers and

      take for sovereign whom we please . * 0 . We shall be judged by onr peers . 10 .. Our magistrates shall be elected and deposed by ourselves . 11 . Taxes shall no longer" be levied oii successions . 12 . All commons inclosed by the barons shall be restored to tbe commonalty . Munzer bad acquired some reputation as a scholar anda preacher , when be undertook tbe defence of the Anabaptists against Luther . He did not formally adopt the _opinions of those sectaries , hut he availed himself of . the service of their preachers to spread his doctrines of social equality throughout Europe . , * He claimed the authority ofa prophet ; and placed under ban all nobles , knights , and priests "who did not consent to resign their privileges and j oin the Evangeligal Alliance .

      The insurrection burst forth in several provinces at the same time , and , fearful atrocities were perpetrated by- the infuriated peasants . Jaquet , "who had been originall y an inn-keeper , was the most merciless of their chiefs . It was be who presided over tbe massacre of the nobles made prisoners at Weinsberg—a scene which Weill bas described witb some dramatic power , while he has still preserved the fidelity of a historian : —

      They brought the _prisonersjhto the midst of a circle" tor ~ heaf- fheif " sentence read , ft was brief "Heath to all !" - - It was resolved that they should perish by a barbarous kind of punishment called " the lanc ' e-hunt" ( _Lanzenjagen ); it was a chastisement usually reserved for ' deserters . ' The soldiers formed a double line with ; presented lances ; the condemned was forced to march through these ranks , each soldier striking at him in succession until he fell under their repeated blows . Jaiiuet save the signal , and the hedge was formed , then

      taking off his hat in cruel mockery— " Count Louis of Holfenstein , " he said , " as you are the chief you must lead off the dance . " At this instant the countess , who wa 3 the natural daughter of the emperor , burst through the crowd , and threw herself at Jaquet ' s knees , crying " Pardon , pardon , for my husband ! " . _* " "Pardon " ! " replied Jaquet , with a Satanic grin , " you love your husband , then ! Well , listen to me . JTour years ago I loved a young girl named Mary Jane . She supported herself by gathering wood in the forests during winter and fruit in summer . One Sunday she was seized in a forest

      belonging to a cousin-german of your , husband and dragged to the _cwtle . He recited a tale of horrible brutalities , and added--- " She was thrown into a dungeon to prevent her revealing such infamies . Do you understand now , countess , why your husband must die ? " Then spurning the lady so violently that she fell backwards , he placed his knee on her breast , and said , "Look here , friends 1 this is my vengeance forfMary Jane I Ho , countess ot Holfenstein , daughter of an emperor , the peasant Jaquet has placed his knee upon your breast . ' * " _Pardon ! pardon ! '' was still the cry of the halfstifled countess ; but the peasants drowned her voice bv reciting the various insults and injuries

      thoy had received from the count , and one of them hurling his sabre at-her _^ - wounded -her child in the arm . " Come , count , make haste , " exclaimed Jaquet , " you must not see the light of another sun . " " Stop , " cried ilelchior _Xonnenmacher , formerly a musician in the service of the count , " during the years that 1 diverted you with music at table , I learned what was your favourite air ; and I am now going to gratify you by playing it for your last dance . " He then snatched off the count's plumed hat , which he placed on his own head , ahd preceded him , playing the air which was a kind of galop-waltz , dancing in mockery until he reached the line of soldiere . By Jaquet ' s order the countess

      was held up between two men to witness her husband ' s-death . She saw him fall pierced by niore than twenty lances , and uttering so . loud a shriek that Jaquet himself was moved . She fell in . a swoon . * * They stripped off her robes and jewels , gave her the rags of a mendicant , ahdplaced her in a dung cart drawn by a bullock , to be conveyed to Heilbronn . " You entered Weinsberg , " said Jaquet to her , " in a gilded chariot , you leave it in a dung cart ; tell that to your father the emperor , and give him my compliments " . " But _theuioiis

      and courageous lady replied , " I have been a sinner , and probably I deserve my fate . Christ , our Saviour , also entered Jerusalem on Palm Sunday amid the acclamations of the populace / and soon after was led to be crucified amid the hisses and cries of the same . people . He will grant me consolation . I forgive you , and I pray that God may grant you penitence and pardon . " She was conveyed to Heilbronn , holding her' wounded child in her arms ; she vowed to devote him to monastic life , aud soon afcer ended her days in a convent .

      This atrocity , some of the revolting details of which we have omitted , excited horror throughout all Germany . Ko part of it aroused so much indignation as the cruel mockery of Nonnenmacher ; and strict orders were given that he should , be taken alive if possible , in order that he might be put to death by some cruel torture . The greater part of the insurgents condemned Jaquet ' s cruelty ; and to prevent tbe recurrence of sucb enormities they resolved no . longer to have peasants for their leaders . They chose for their chief commander " the knight ofthe iron Hand , " Goetz of Berlichengen . He wa 3 at once _thfeir chief and their prisoner ; for the very persons who had elected him suspected—what was in fact the truth—that he would take an opportunity of sacrificing them to the interests of his order .

      Among the strange personages who figured in tbis insurrection , history and legend have equally given prominence to "the black witch " Hofmann ; who used to rip open the bodies of the nobles for the purpose of procuring materials for compounding her charms : — She was the daughter ofa wandering gipsy , who abandoned her in the village of Boekingen near Heilbronn ; where from her tender years she sup-Eorte d herself by tending goats and cattle . The viligers of Boekingen had right of pasture on a large common between the town and the village . One day the townsfolk came out in a body and attempted to impound the cattle of which she had charge ,

      under the pretence that the common belonged exclusively to Heilbronn . The young woman made a fierce resistance , and wounded two men before she was forced by numbers to abandon her charge . Thenceforth she vowed implacable hatred to the nobles and the burghers , especially those of Heilbronn . She turned sorceress , or fortune-teller . During thirty years she predicted the overthrow of the higher classes , and rarely opened her mouth but to curse them . She was another Egeria to Jaquet ; and so soon as he formed his horde , she inrolled herself as a member , and never quitted it . Robed in hlack , with a red girdle round her loins , she was always foremost in the charge ; freely exposing herself to the balls , —which she declared tbat she had

      blinded ( that was her expression ) by her spells . During the attack on Weinsberg , she was posted on arising ground in front of the ramparts ; and with « £ _-, ? , lUtei to heaven , she ceased not to exclaim _* _" _»' . slay ! slaughter ! upon them ! spare not no quarter ! I , mother Hofmann , the envoy of God , bless your arms . Courage ! _Godwins it !" _Ivonnenmacber , Jaquet , and Hofmann , were made prisoners when Weinsberg was retaken a _Jrt i _^ P _^ 'sts . They were roasted to death befor _^ ow fire , and the agony of the _ZrlT _^* haVe teen _Protracted for more than an _Jour . Even this revenge did not appear sufficient . Weinsberg was burnt if ) tbe ground ; and tbe Archduke _Ferdhaud ,

      The Peasant War Of Germany—{La Guerre De...

      to whom it belonged , ordered that it should remain in ruins as a memorial of tlie crimes of Jaquet . ' M ; _Weill-labonrs'bard to prove that Munzen was ; theherpand . martyr of Socialism : it is , however , impossible to read the record of his bnef _j _-reign _^^ . atMulhauseinThuringiawilnbut seeing that it was a very different : Socialism from , the system' which goes' by , that name in England , Itis enough to guote partof the circular which he addressed to the peasants of Thuringia-: _—• _- . to whom it _^ An _^ y _^^« _... :, . r ..

      Dear Brethren . How long will ye , slumber , and when will ye listen to the voice of God ? How ' often have I told you that it must befsp ? God has manif tested himself . You must arise and remain standing .. If you will not suffer forthe love of God , you must become the martyrs of the devil . * ' * •' .. ' . * Wherever you are three in number , God will lie with you , and you need not fear myriads of the impious . Oh them , _th-dn , ' on , on . The wicked are cowardly dogs . Show no . mercy to the . fawning words of Esau ; have no compassion of the wicked . They will pray , they will supplicate ; they will she'd tears , like-children ; r-but-I say- toyou smite them , smite , smite , as God said to Moses .: *• * : * _-. You must exterminate them , and hot allow the sword of justice to grow cold . It is impossible that the word of God should flourish among you so long as a priest or noble remains upon tho earth .

      • 3 M . Weill adds his approval of this policy , in the following comment ;¦—• , Our readers will see that Munzer was resolved to hold ¦ no terms : with his enemies 7 : It was on the charnel-house of the ancient world that he hoped to raise his new system ; He knew the people ; which though a thousand times deceived , suffers itself to be cajoled by flattering speeches . He wished to end the struggle by a single blow . It was not' the arms of the nobles that he feared , but their craft , their falsehood , their stratagems , ' and . 'their treasons . The issue of the war proved that he was right .. _:-

      The issue of the war might prove the correctness of his fears , but it not the less completely exhibited the futility of attempting to cope , with the nobles b y such means , as he adopted . We candidl y confess that we have not the slightest faith in the permanence of any victory won by the masses by mere brute force and bloodshedding . With one brilliant exception , all experience is against sucb a result ; and , in . that case , the exceptional causes" are so clear that it would be work of supererogation to point them out . " The Revolution of the Provinces of North America does not fall within the category of a "Peasant War . "

      Iatjind Kick:" - -This Renlv Is Sf Ill •...

      iatjind kick : " - -This renlv is sf ill TM . n _^ . _wj iJ * * , « _^

      Igtll Gleanings In The West Of Ireland. ...

      igtll Gleanings in the West of Ireland . By the Hon . and Eev . S . Godolphin Osbobne ; London : Boone . No reader of the . limes can be ignorant " of . the name of Mr .. Sidney Godolphin Osborne . Commencing in that paper a" vigorous correspondence in behalf of the English labourer , he proceeded to a series of articles on that of the Irish , with so much detail and regularity that this honourahle and reverend gentleman was believed to he the paid commissioner of the paper , and has been actually addressed as a penny-a-liner . The present volume consists of Mr . Osborne ' s Irish correspondence in the Times , with , various additions . Ofthe fearful detail of miseries described in

      these pages , we shall take no account . The horrors are so well known by this time , that we have nothing to gain by the repetition . But we must take the opportunity of enforcing the moral of the conduct of the Irish landlords . Their strange proceedings have constantly heen the subject of amusement , we must for once beg the reader to pause over it with the gravity "which becomes the immense influence which that conduct has exercised . Early in his tour , Mr . Osborne visits an " encumbered estate : " —

      The railroad to connect Dublin and Galway goes through Balinasloe , and the contractors are hard at work at it . I had an- opportunity on my return through this place , of paying a _visits with a friend who had bought it , to an " encumbered estate " lately sold under the powers of the much talked-of "Act . " It was a beautiful specimen of tho effect of negligence and extravagance ; the house — [' mansion" I suppose an auctioneer would call itwas at least as much " out at elbows "' as its late proprietor evei-could have been . It was an epitome in itself , of all one ever read of the " Rack Rent "

      school of property . It proved that the caricaturist must , let hi 3 talent be what it may , find himself at fault when he endeavours to pourtray the condition of an Irish mansion sinking under such extravagance . On asking at tho lodge , where the iron gates were , we were told that Mr . O . B , the late proprietor had sold them . The tenantry were quite in keeping in personal appearance , and in the repair and nature of their dwellings withthe—mansion . I confess I could not but think that my friend must have had a very strong possessorial fit upon him , when he consented to encumber himself , at his own cost , with such a possession .

      The experience of the completion of his journey suggests to him such considerations as the following : ~ . It is said the tenantry , i . e . the peasantry , are J" ! lazy . " Ifow , how have they been made so ; and who have been the gainers by their sloth ? Can anything be more in opposition to every feeling and habit of industry than the rearing a people on a food—the potato—cultivated with the least possible pains , harvested with very little trouble , and cooked -by the simplest and cheapest of all processes ? A stack of turf , a potato heap , a cabin , and a pig , formed all the small holder required . With very little labour in the season he planted his

      potatoes , cut and stacked the turf ; by a little more labour at another season he dug and pitted the potatoes ; selling some , he bought his pig ; fattening the pig from the others , he paid his rent with it ; he made a little moro by working for larger holders or his landlord , at their harvest ; he had still time enough left on his hands to confirm him in lazy , idle habits . And yet , with such a population , from the rent of SHch holdings , the owners of land reaped enormous incomes ; were content to encourage the system , so long as it kept up their incomes ; -nay , more than

      this , were for ever causing or conniving at a still further subdivision of property ; thus they became men of importance—lords over an almost countless peasantry . Their jointure deeds , their _marriage settlements , their establishments , were on a wild princely scale . Rack-rents were still paid ; they went on spending , as if potato ground and peasant breeding conld bave no limit in its profitable returns ; they got in debt—deeply in debt ; leased out more land at high sum . " , to be minutely subdivided into heavy rented small holdings .

      Often as it has been noticed , we once more _bogattentiontothisgraphicsketch of thesystem under which the tenantries are managed : — To whom the estates in this part of the world in justice belong , I cannot say ; the acting owners are agents , and sub-agents ; tho professed owner may now and then be found on his estate , but is then but too often a mere cipher there ; in general he is an absentee . An agent for an Irish property seems only to have one duty to fulfil , as between him and the owner , in which the said owner takes any interest—viz ., to get all the rent he can , paying himself a per centage , and remitting the rest , with as little deduction for expenses of any kind as possible .

      Occasionally , instead of an agent , there is a receiver" in Chancery . It is not often that these vicarious owners live on the property ; they again have their deputies , who do * . these may be what are called drivers—or some man , a class above them , who again employs a driver or two . The owner expects the rents , minus the agency and unavoidable deductions , to be paid to his banker ; the agent through his sub , or tho drivers , expects those rents to he collected . Bow even rack-rents could not sustain this amount of official taxation . Whilst the owner may bo anywhere he may choose , with no further interest in

      the estate than receiving what dividend it will pay , after the agency and unavoidable drawbacks , interest on bonds , & o ., are paid . Tho agent has a good deal of trouble , and for that gets very high costs . I only wish 1 could have obtained a copy for the press , of a not over-harsh agent ' s bill , for even only one year . Ingenious as a lawyer ' s bill ever is , and must be , the books of an Irish attorney agent are really quite curiosities . I don't wonder that they get rich , thatthey are first creditors on so many an estate ; that they like processes , decrees , evictions , levellings , consolidation of farms , & c , & c—these are the grist of their mills ; the agency per

      centagethey don't always get it—is a mere bagatelle to tne direct , indirect profits of an agency . The resident land-leech—i . e . the driver , has on his part also , no idea of living on his Balary alone . Lands are notoriously let by competition , the driver ' s good word , " if he is " a tight hand , " will go a great way with the agent ; there aro ways of purchasing that word . Is a tenant in arrear ? the dreaded driver i 9 to be soothed , to obtain a little time ; that is an expensive process , for another tenant may be soothing in his way , to get m , if the tenant in arrear should be ejected . A tenant , seeing he cannot hold on at the rack-rent , with poor-rate . 4 o « meditates a fli g ht to _Awsrica _,, after realising

      Igtll Gleanings In The West Of Ireland. ...

      ment wmVh » Si r _. FOluteed , ' by golden _ointn _^^? _^" _- < _^ _- _^' a ' «» ° bbnd / that such -win _^* swear " that he ; never dreamed of _SStil _^ _. f- ' at - _PWI-Moriarty should be _toemomK he _SS _^ ffir _v rd of fc ? _bufcthecunnihgrascal , _kLers f 0 0 n ho e _H _^ _- " ' _^ _oes ' the agent order stock * tS _Sw e ut _» P ° n Some"d efaulting tenant ' s rS ' tohl _tef : _'s 2 ? ds _» _cousin or two ° afc 2 s . 6 d . earS * _fei _^ _' _^ ' ™" ? such cousin ' s usual thfnK n _« _5 P _? i : haP 8 Sd : or 8 d . a day */ some ThS _£$ ° thl 3 ' for the appointment _, and ha ™ . * % * . a ™ chosen from a reckless class , _SftT bfincf _S ' _nssiataW _«^ ffS _^^ ~ _^— . . ... _. " """ "'

      wW & - _»??¦ % - pf _ffiife _^ ir _anyi S nf _V then V t 0 ; they _wiUlevef or burn "" the house of their own brother , ifrthedriver orders it . i Elsewhere we are _. tpld of the utter want of sympathy between the landlord _andhis tenant . £ _V-S' however injured ! _cannbt reach his chief ; if he applies to see him , ho . is driven away with the exclamation ; '" ff . What -is the useof my paying an agent ,. if lam to be pes-j tered with my _tenantsjnthis way ? " ¦ ' . Add to these traits the truth of the novel writing delineation ofthe Irish landlord in private life , and the problem of Irish misery is not difficult of solution . " ' ¦ ' " ' . ¦? ,

      Mr . Osborne has studied famine and its effects , not onl y with the eye ofa- philanthropist , but as a very anatomist . ' There is horrible _particularity'in what he writes . ' Witness the following : — From my own experience last year and on the present occasion , I can vouch , that starvation in Ireland has its own distinct external _physioal phenomena . / ¦ . - ¦'• _: ¦¦ ¦ _'' ' ¦ ""' ¦ ' . _- '• ¦ ' _¦;;'"'''' . ' ' _*'' . " •' In grown-up " persons , besides an amount of attenuation which seems . to . have absorbed all appearance of flesh or muscle , and to have left the bones ofthe frame barely coveyed with some covering , which has but little semblance" to anything wp should esteem to be flesh ; the skin of all tho limbs assumes a peculiar character : it is-rough- ' , to '

      thetouch , very dry , and did it not hang in places in looso folds , would be . more of the nature of parchment than anything else ; with which I can ' compare it . The eyes are . much sunk into the - head , ; and have a peculiar dull painful look ; the , shoulder bones' are thrown up so high , that the column , of the neck seems to have sunk , as ' it were / into the chest ; the face and head ,- from the wasting of the flesh '' and the prominence of the hones , have a skull-like appearance ; the hair is'very thin upon the head ; there is over the countenance , a _^ ort , of pallor , quite distinct from that which utter decline of physical power generally gives * in-those many diseases in which life till scontinues after the almost entire consumption pf the muscular parts ' of the body . '• _- ' . ' _- . ' ¦ . , '' . ' . ' . ' , 7 .

      In' the caseof the starved young—and ' . we ; ' saw many , hundreds—there are two or three most * peculiar characteristic marks , which distinguish them from the victims of other mortal ills : The hair ' on a starved child ' s head becomes ' , ' very thin , _* often leaves the head in patches , what there is of it stands up from the head ; over the whole brow in many instances , over the temples in almost all , a thick sort of downy hair grows , sometimes so thickl y as to be quite palpable to the touch , The skin over the chest bones and upper part of the stbmac h- 'is stretched so tight , that every angle and curve of the sternum and ribs stand out in relief . No words can describe the appearance of _; the arms . ' From below the elbow the two bones ( the radius and ulna )

      seem to be stripped of every atom of flesh . If you tako hold of the loose skin within the elbow joint , and lift the arm . by fit ,, it comes away in a . large thin fold , as though you had lifted one side of a long narrow bag , in which some loose bones had been placed ; if you place the forefinger of your hand under the chin , in the angle of the jaw-bono , you find the whole base of the mouth , so to speak ,, so thin , that . you could easily conceive it possible , with a very slight pressure , thus to force the tongue into the roof of the . mouth ; between the fingers there are sores ; very often there is anasarcous swelling of tho ancles ; . in the majority of famine cases there ia either dysentery or chronic diarrho _3 a .

      There is one comfort to be found in these sad cases—there does net appear to be great present pain . I have now walked in the course of my two tours , I should , suppose ,, some miles of infirmary wards in the unious houses in ] Ircland ; wards often very , thickly crowded , almost always sufficiently full . It has never been my lot to hear one single child , suffering tfrom famine or dysentery , utter a moan of pain . I have seen many in the very act of death ; still , not a tear , not ' a cry . I have scarcely over seen one endeavour to change his or her position . I have never heard one ask ; for food , for water , for anything . Two , three , or four in a bed , there thoy lie and die ; if suffering _^ still ever silent , unmoved .

      It is , however , gratifying tp learn , on the authority of Mr . Osborne , that in tho midst of all this misery that hope is dawning , that education is progressing , that agriculture is improving , that great experiments are being tried , that the new colleges are doing good , that railroads facilitate commerce , that a better spirit is abroad in the country . All this is well . But all this , and a thousand times as much , is nothing—absolutely

      nothing—without a good , careful , sober , intelligent landlordism . The first , second , and third causes of Ireland's evils have been the strange mixture of recklessness and _hardbeartoduess , with many exceptions , no doubt , amongst her landlords ; ahd the only cure—let England and the world do what they will—the onl y cure for her most wretched condition is a different line of proceeding in that class from whom all thc rest , in countries like Ireland most especially , take their tone .

      Vm

      vm

      " You're A Hard Customer," As The Man Sa...

      " You re a hard customer , " as the man said when he ran against a lamppost . Why is type-setting beneficial to a nervous man ? —Because he can compose himself . "Mother , " said a little fellow , " I am tired of this pug nose ; it is growing pugger and pugger everv day . " Ox a board attached to a house in Perth , is the following : — " Half aflat to be sold in the area : " "What are the chief ends of . man ? " asked a Sunday-school teacher of one of his pupils , " Head and feet , " was the prompt reply . The teacher fainted . The man who got drunk on small beer , and then undertook to cut his throat * Mtk a red-herring , has had his sentence commuted .

      Convent Property in Ireland . —The Anglo-Celt , Cavan paper , says , " The present convent property in Ireland is stated to be worth upwards _» df £ 700 , 000 . " ' . . _; _' . In * Mr . Baguely ' s . garden , _Westgate , Southwell , there is a fuchsia plant which has a flo ' _wermeasuring eight inches in " length and five in circumference . . A Quick Reply . —A mathematician being asked by a wag , "If a pig weighs 200 pounds , how much will a large hog weigh ? " he replied , "Jump into the scales and I will tell you iramefliately . "

      . Teddi , mb boy ,, jist guess ; how many cheese there is in this bag , an' faith I'll give ve the whole five . " "Five , " said Teddy . _« ' Arrah ! by my swl bad luck to the man that tould ye !'' Vegetable Candles . —A very worthy grocer put up a sign of "Vegetable Candles . " Some one asked him why he did so ? "They are tallow candles . " said the grocer . ' " Is tallow a vegetable substance ?" pursued the inquirer after knowledge . '' Of course it is—Qod' t sheep eat grass ?"

      "You want a flogging , that ' s what you want , " said a parent to an unrulvson . " I know it , dad ; but I'll try to get along without it , " said the independent brat . An American quack boasts of having relieved a woman of two snakes , or eels . One of them " was extricated with much difficulty , " its tail being " coiled round the liver !" The art of pleasing consists in being : pleased . ; To be amiable is to be sati Jed with one ' s self and others . Good humour is essential to pleasantry . In society good temper and amicable spirits are almost everything . , Tue British Empire— "The British empire , sir , " exclaimed a John Bull to Jonathan , " is one on which the sun never sets . " "And one , " replied Jonathan , " on which the tax-gatherer never goi _* s to bed . "

      Slow _anh Fast . —A gentleman met another m the street , who was ill of consumption , and accosted him thus : — "Ah , my friend , you walk slow . " " Yes , " replied the man , " but I am going / ass . " There is an Irishman near Ormskirk whose brogue has degenerated into the Lancashire dialect . Fifteen years ago he used to say , " Good evening , your honour . " He now says , " Good neet , owd gentleman . " In Aberdeen , the streets are swept every day ; at an annual cost of £ 1 , 400 , and the refuse brings in £ 2 , 000 a year . In Perth , the scavenging cost £ 1 , 300 per annum , and the manure sells for £ 1 , 730 . The Census . —* . '' An Act to take the senses of the People . ' well I ' , " said Mrs . Partington , " if things ain ' t coming to a _pretty'pass ; these Legislatures want to take everything away from a body—I think they might have left the senses alone , there ' s precious little of ' em to spare , anyhow j" so sajing , the old lady dropped her specs * and relapsed into a profound melancholy .

      " You're A Hard Customer," As The Man Sa...

      ' The HAtivisT in America .. — Accounts from everysection ofthe United States confirm the already announced fact , , ¦¦ that : the grain harvest of 1850 has been by far ther most abundant ph record . ' It is coin ; piited that the wheat produced will not be much ' less than ; 20 . 0 , 000 , 00 ff bushels -while that : of the Indian , com _^ estimated at 700 , 000 , 000 . An Industbxohs'WoMAN . —Talk of your pantomimes and gaudy shows—your processions , and _in-^*? , _£ H _?? _sVaud coronations ! Gjve me , for a beautiful' sight , a heat and smart woman , heating her _ovenandsettmginthe bread ! And , if the bustle does make the sign of labour glisten on her brow , where is the man that would not kiss that off , rather than kiss the piaster from ' a duchess ?

      _"Pumlicshouses-iii Liverpool ;— The number of public-houses in Liverpool is 1 , 480 , and . of _beershops 700 , orin al _! 2 , 180 . Taking the population at 350 , _000 _, this ia one public-houseor beershop to every 160 individuals , men , women , andjchildrcn . Taking each family to amount to four persons , there is one puWicr house or beershop to every forty adult males . " ' ' The ; Session of : 1850 ' . —The number of days on which the House _^ of Commons sat during the last session was 129 . The total number of hours occupied by the sittings was 1 , 10 * 4 of which' 108 £ were' after midnight . The average time of sittirig per _diemwas 8 hours 33 _i minutes ., The total number of entries in the votes during the last session was 8 , 571 .

      A marvellous * story-is related in the Coleraine Chronicle , f A poor man being pressed for tbe _' _ahibuht of certain sureties , and having no money , declared that he would dig in the earth for the amount .,. _THe commenced digging in his cottage , and after digging some time , turned up in the presence of many spectators a large quantity of crowns , half crowns , shillings , and sixpences , which , on being washed and counted ; ' were found to amount to more than £ 46 . ' 7 ¦ . Catholicism in AMi * nicA .-r . Tl ) ere are in the United . States at the present time twenty-seven Roman Catholic bishops , thirty dioceses , 1 , 081 priests , 1 , 073 _churohes , seventeen . colleges , twentylnine ecclesiastical seminarie ' s , ninety-one female academies ,

      besides numerous orphan schools , and asylums . , The entire Roman Catholic population of this country is estimated , by the best authorities , at three millions . _i Cracked Before , —Mrs . ' Brougham , mother of the ex-Chancellor , says an Edinburg friend , was a most excellent and thrifty _housewi'e ., Oh one occasion sho was rauoh troubled with a servant addicted to ' dish breaking , and who used to allege , in extenuation of her fault , " it was crackit before . " One morning little Harry tumbled down stairs ; when the fond mother , running after h ' _irn , " exclaimed , "' Oh , boy , " have you broke your head ?• " " No , Ma , " said the future Chancellor , it was : crac 7 «'*; before . "—Glasgow DailyMail : . ¦¦¦ . ' . ¦ _•* . / .: . > : ¦ ;•

      After the * battle of Essling , the French soldiers were in a state of the greatest destitution , without shelter , clothing , _^ or even food for the wounded . Larreyi the chief of the medical staff , seized on all the spare saddle-horses that he . could .. find , and-converted them into excellent soup for- his patients , using the cuirasses of the heavy cavalry instead of pots .- The generals and officers complained to " the Emperor , who summoned Larrey before him . " You have , " said the great , man , " presumed to make soup for yqur . patients of my _officer ' s horses . " _" I have , sire , " ' replied Larrey . , " Well , sir , " said Napoleon ,. " I therefore promote you to the rank dt a Baron of the Empire . " A Frightful _CbNTiNGESCY . —A farmer from the

      neighbourhood of Galston took his wife to see the wonders of ,- the microscope , which happened to be exhibiting in Kilmarnock . The various curiosities seemed to please the good woman very well , till the _animalculce contained in a drop of water came to be shown off . / These seemed to poor Janet not so very pleasant a " sight as the others . . She * sat patiently , however , till the " water tigers , " magnified to the size of twelve feet ; appeared on the sheet , 'fighting with their usual ferocity . ' Janet now rose in great trepidation , and cried to her husband , . " For gudesake , come awa , John . " " Sit still , woman , '' said John , " ahd see tbe show . " ¦¦* See the show !—gude keep us a' man , what wad come o ' us if the awfu ' _-like brutes wad break outo' the water ?"

      Advocating for Hire— Mr . Ward once , while at the bar , was repald'by thanks that were somewhat ill-timed . He _. had defended a prisoner at York , for horse-stealing , at that time a capital offence , and one in which , if many horses happened to have been lately missing , the law was , according to the policy of the day , not unfrequently allowed to take its course . No speech was then permitted for the defence ; hut , by a cross examination , now cautious , now puzzling , now insinuating , and by occasional observations _tbi'owivout in tho course of ity according to the then most approved . fashion , he managed to make sucb an impression on the jury that they acquitted 'his _client . After , the assizes , he had to travel by a stage-coach on his way home . The finst person he saw . seated just opposite to him was he for whom he had'made such exertions . The

      acquitted felon grasped both his hands with fervour . " 1 ' se mooch obloige to you , Coonsellor Ward , " said he ; " I ' se mooch obloigo to you , but , " winking his eye , he added , "I ( loot I was gutlty though _]' ¦ _'Memoir of R . Plmner Ward . A Man who had been , sent to" Exeter gaol on a charge of _horse-stealingj has committed suicide , by hanging himself in his cell . ' The Devil ' s Fruit . —Potatoes were first , introduced at Moscow by a Mr . Rowland , about sixty years ago . At first , tho people would neither plant nor touch them ,-saying they were the Devil ' s , fruit , given to him on his complaining ' to God that he had no fruit , wlien he was told to search in the earth for some , which he _. did _, and found . potatoes .. A curious

      Berwickshire legend , which , however , is palpably anachronical , attributes the introduction of potatoes into Scotland to that famous wizard ofthe north , Sir Michael Scott : The wizard and Ihe devil being in partnership , took a lease of a farm on the . Mertoun _estatej' called Whitehouse . The wizard was to manage the _larm ; thc devil advanced the capital . The produce was to be divided as follows : —The first year , Sir Michael was to have all that grew above the ground , and his partner all that grew belowi ; ' _thesecond year , their shares were to be just the opposite way . His satanic majesty , as is usual

      in such cases was fairly overreached in his bargain ; for the wizard cunningly sowed all the land the first year with wheat , and planted it with potatoes the second ; so that the devil got nothing for his share but wheat stubble and potato tops ; and his scourging rotation Sir Michael continued , until he had not only beggared his partner , but exhausted the soil . In spite of this legend , however , we must continue to give credit to Sir Walter Raleigh for having been the introducer of . potatoes into this country . The first that tried them , we are told , fell into the very natural mistake of eating the apples , and disregarding the Tools . _—TAe Agricultural Magazine .

      F\N The Prevention, Cure, And \J General ' Character :Of Syphilus,, Stiuctulles,

      f \ N THE PREVENTION , CURE , AND \ J General ' character : of SYPHILUS ,, STIUCTUllES ,

      Ad00314

      Attectionsot tlie _l'KUSTUATis uiiAfln , _vis'sfliiEAl * and SCORBUTIC EKUHTIONS of the face and body , Mercurial excitement , & c , followed _^ by a mild , successful and expeditious mode of treatment . . Thirty-first edition , ¦ _, Dlustrated .. by Twenty-Six Anatomical , Engravings . ou Steel . Nffw andfimproved Edition , enlarged to 106 pages , list published , prict . 2 s . fid ; or by post , direct iroin the Establishment , 3 s . fid . in postage stamps . . " . THE SILENT FRIEND , " a Medical Work on Venereal aiid Syphilitic Diseases , Secondary Spmptoms , Gonorrhoea .

      Ad00315

      loUo _^ _lSriS _^ & _fonseci'iences _: whi _chi _inevitably _" ce _^^ _fefe _^ _- ™ _«^^ : _*«*> _4 i * also constitute tions ? ita _aetivSS' W _**** an ( J aU _cutaneous . _erup-^ of the ¦ 6 _MtoW _^" _- _^ _lWMnltte-i _' _* _V «> e median * pelling in its _' _amm _^ _S _^ _i _^^ _^^^^^ the vital stream , " w _mIi-S _^ _M _^^^^ disease , and expel it _wiThTe _S w _^ tUe _^ S - " _^ Priesi Us .: or four bottles in one for _sCCSilj is saved , als _» iu £ s cases , by which . will bB savPT _# _i io ! To"be _! had at the London Establishment 'i d _** _^ '

      Ad00316

      _DEAFNESS . —Important' --N otice : —Mr . - FRANCIS , the eminent aurist ; - who has devoted hia attention solely , to DISEASES of the BAR , boutinues'to effect the most-astonishing cure ' s inall those inveterate _cafiOB which have long been considered ' hopeless , and ef thirty or forty , years standing ; enabling the patient to hear " a whisper , withohtpain or operation , effectually removing deafness , noises in the head , and all diseases ofthe aural canal . Mr . P .. attends daily from 10 until 6 , at his consulting rooms , 'fi , Beaufort-buildings , Strand , London . Persons at a distance can state their case by letter . Advice to the poor , Monday , Wednesday , and Friday , froin C till 8 ia heevening . ¦ : ...

      Ad00317

      IMMENSE SUCCESS OF TIIE NEW MODS OF TREATMENT . ; ; As adopted by LaUemand ,. Ricbrd , Dtslandes , and others , ofthe Hopitaldes Veneriens a Paris , and now uniformly practised in this country by :

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Oct. 5, 1850, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_05101850/page/3/