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Northern Star (1837-1852), 5th July 1845, Edition 3 of 4, Page 4, We dare "wager a trifle that the most " ...

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    • THE NORTHERN STAR SATURDAY, JDLY 5, 1S45.
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      N Worh-Diit Nlah" Cannot Be Renewed By A...

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      Ctattet Intelltgfente*

      _Ctattet _intelltgfente _*

      London. The Chartist Co-Or-Eiunvk Land S...

      LONDON . The Chartist _Co-or-EiunvK Land Sociktv . —A numerous aud respectable public meeting was held in the Assembly Room , 72 . St . Martin ' s-lane , on Tuesday evening , Julv 1 st , to hear an address from Fcarcus O'Connor , Esq ., on thc all-important subject of tlic Land . Mr . Wm . Cuffay was unanimously called to the chair , and briefly opened the proceeding * -. Mr . Cooper , formerly of Leicester , then sung a Chartist song , whieh was much applauded . Mr . O'Connor , who on coming to thc front of thc platform was greeted with the most enthusiastic chcerim _?* , then proceeded to address thc meeting . lie siid he must , at starting , allude to one circumstance , that of Mr . Thomas Cooper and himself

      standing on tne same platform . If one thing more than another could afford pleasure to the sincere _ad-Tot'au * oftheir principles , it was that of hcaliug divisi on , aud causing union to reign triumphant among its advocate * - —( hear , hear ) , sind , after mutual explanation , he was now free to confess that the difference between himself and Mr . Cooper had originated < m his part in error and mistake . ( Hoar , hear . ) Mr . 0 'C < _iiin < . r then addressed himself to the question of thc evening , replying at "rent length to the objections and calumnies of Hill , Carpenter , and the rest of the disn .-put . ible gang represented in LlvyVs Threepenny _Tra-dt . Mr . O'Connor adverted to tlic Lund Agitation in America , speaking in very high terms of Mr . Brisbane and thc other leaders

      of that movement , ile next described thc social state o f the French pea _< -antry , which contrasts so favourabl y with that of the English , owing to thc former Iwing to a great extent in possession of the land . Mr . O'Connor commented at great length ou thc plan of the Co-operative Society , and concluded by challenging discussion on its merits . lie resumed his . _H-at amidst enthusiastic applause . Mr , Fuzzon said hc approved ofthe plan as far sis it went , but tiiought that £ 30 was too small a sum ivith which to build a cottage , and that two acres of land were not sufficient to keep a family comfortably . Mr . O'Connor replied to these oljjections . Mr . Cooper then sung another Chartist song , and thanks having been voted to tlic chairman , thc meeting dissolved .

      SIethopoi . it . ax District Couxcil . — This council Diet on Sunday afternoon last , atthe Hall , 'i ' _lirnagninlane . Delegates attended from Camberwell , Lambcth _, Somers Town , and Whitechapel ; Mr . Mallard -was called to the chair . On thc motion of Messrs . Simpson and Mills , it was unanimously agreed to , that the following brief address to the Metropolitan Localities not represented on tliis council be sent to the Star , respectfully soliciting its insertion : —" - _•!« _Addrsss from the Metropolitan District Council to the Metropolitan Localities not represented on tliis Council . Brother Chartists , we address you on a subject which we consider of great and vital importance , viz ., the imperative _^ duty of all to cany out to the fullest extent the _orgaiiisition to which they have giveu their adhesion . . Wc _dulv appreciate , and

      highly commend yonr noble exertions in sending honest , faithful , and efficient delegates to the late Chartist Convention , men who did their duty . You testified your approval of their labours by taking out cards of membership , under the organisation they decided on , which _organisation expressly _rceomiueiids the formntiuu of district councils ; but in neglecting to adopt tliLs wise aud useful recommendation , wcarc of opinion you have not done your duty . To show in detail what has been achieved by the Metropolitan District Council ; to glance at what mi g ht be done if this council was duly and properly supported ; to expatiate on the necessity of an amalgamation and concentration of all our energies is unnecessary , inasmuch as yon are thereof already fully cognisant . * A word to the wise is enough . ' Signed , on behalf of the Council , Jons Auxorr , secretary . "

      Somers Tom * —On Sunday evening last , Mr . Huffy Ridley delivered a most excellent lecture on priestenift , at Mr . Duddridge ' s Rooms , IS , Tonbriilge-strect ; Mr . Harris in the chair . The lecturer handled his subject in a masterly manner , and ably proved that priestcraft had been the stumbling-block to human progression in all ages . After the usual votes of thanks the meeting dissolved . Crrr Locality . —The members of this locality met on Sunday evening last , when the Address of the Central Registration Committee was read , and received with marks of approWt ' -on . A committee ,

      consisting ; ofthe following persons , was then elected , to cany the reeonmicndation ofthe Central Committee into effect : —Messrs . Overton , Dunn , Govcr , "Wilson , _RowI-u > d- . and Caughlin . Thc business of ihe evening concluded by the Chartist choir singing several beautiful hymns , composed by Mr . Cooper during his incarceration in Stafford gaol , Mr . Cooper himself leading , in his well-known talented style . Thc largest number of members was enrolled since Mr . O'Connor ' s lectnre here in 1 S 49 . —The sum of _A 2 -Is . 6 d . was received for the Land fund .

      HUDDERSFIELD . The lam—The weekly meeting of thc committee aud members of the Huddersfield district of the Co-operative Land Society was held on Tuesday _evenins last , at Turner s Temperance Hotel , Cbanej" hilL , when eight new members were enrolled , making forty shares taken in this district . At this meeting it was resolved unanimously , that" A correspondence be opened ivith the secretaries of thc respective district committees in this part of the West Riding of Yorkshire , to suggest the propriety of inviting Mr . O'Connor to visit the district , to explain thc objects which the society has in view , and also thc benefits and advantages to be derived from it" We hope the united solicitations of thc committees of Leeds , Bradford , Huddersfield , Dewsbury , Barnsley , ic , trill prevail on Mr . O'Connor to grant their request-. —Any communications to the Huddersfield District Committee may be addressed to Mr . John Leech , Buxton-road . JJndilcrsfield .

      THE POTTERIES . _Phogress of tbe Land Societt . —The committee of tlic Hanley and Shelton Working Man ' s Hall beg to inform their friends and the public _geuerally that a second deposit of £ 315 s . has been made towards the Land fund ; making , in all , upwards of - £ 30 which has been paid in . They request that all who arc friendly to thc above object will at once come forward and assist them in accomplishing this very desirable end . — The general meeting called for JMonday , June 30 th , by resolution , stands adjourned _to'July 7 th , when business of the utmost importance to the shareholders will be transacted . The meeting will take place at seven o clock precisely , at the house of Mr . J . Yates . Miles Bank , Shelton . _-LEOrt-itE . —On Sunday last Mr . Thomas Black lectured on the Crown Bank , on the origin and design of Government . " '' ' '

      • . DARLESTON . _Lectcre . —On _Wednesday evening last Mr . Thos . Clark delivered asecondlecture on " thc Land and its _tapabir-fies . " The meeting , which was a numerous one , paid thc greatest attention , and seemed to be highly interested . A branch of thc Land Society has been established here , and promises to do well . BILSTON . The lam—On Thursday evening a lecture was delivered in the Chartfet-room , Stanley-street , by Mr . Clark , of the Executive Committee . Thc _sub ject of the lecture , which Mr . Clark treated to the satisfaction ofhis audience , was " thc Land . "

      Arfaixrxg Mckdeu.—A Murder Was Committed...

      _ArfAixrxG _Mckdeu . —A murder was committed at Galashiels on the evening of Thursday week , under most distressing circumstances . The deed was committed on Mrs . Lees , an old woman of 82 years of age , by her daughter , Eupheniia Lees , who for a number of years had been residing with her ; and at no former period had she ever exhibited the least severity or hardship towards her aged parent , but liad always "been esteemed for her kindness and devotion to her mother ' s wants . Front inquiries whieh we have made , wc have ascertained that the daughter was sulijcct to fits of melancholy and Iowness of spirits ; and also that she was periodically afflicted frith paroxysms of rage , at which periods she became violent in her temperand manners . On the Sunday previous , a neighbour " observed her countenance and manners to wear a different aspect , and on the evenin <; of Thursday she became violent and outrageous .

      Iu fact , her whole conduct , previous and subsequent to the tragic event , leaves net a doubt bnt that she was insane at the time she committed thc deed . From what she admitted—and the post mortem exa-* min . _ition of the body confirms ' the statement—she had pounced on her mother _* whilc the latter was in bed , and thrust her "hand _ihtoTjermonth and throat , _producing death by suffocation . When some ofthe persons who live in the same ' house obtained admission , the body of the old woman lay on the middle of i _£ e floor , steeped in _blood- _^ a blood-vessel having " been ruptured in the death _^ tTuj- _^ le—and in the bed Sat the insane murderer , with her hands and arms recking with blood , singing " at the top of her voice , " Highland Laddie . " On _teiug asked what induced her to kill hermother ; she answered ; ' ¦ " I have killed the devil ; had I not done so , I wohM have been in h—11 to-morrow , " words which at ' once indicate her insanity . " *'•

      A Rcssiix Cocxt , ms Cocxress , _axo CmumEx boost . mjvk ot THEIR Sebfs . — We have received from Southern * Russia the news bf the tragical end of Count Apraxin , well known for his divorce from his first wife . This gentleman , who treated his serfs with unheard-of eruelty , has , together with his second wife and children , fallen a victim to their vengeance . Thc infuriated people at midnight surrounded his castle , and having gutted it of its contents , bound the Inmates , and set fire-tb it . The Count , who had

      fieed himself ,-attempted to eseape , but was overpowered and _beaten-to'death ov this savage horde . The first wife of the Gotmt Apraxin had married an Hungarian nobleman , but the Pope would not give his consent io the marriage , which besides was not recognized by law , her first husband being still alive . * The . _caL-utrophe which has taken place-has now , however , removed this obstacle , and the union having "been sanctioned by the Holy Sec , the Countess has been received at the Court of Vienna , and bv Prince _i _' _t-tlcrnieh . —/** .

      A New Pksai _SRirtEMBW . —We are enabled to state , that authentic information has reached thc colony of tho intention of Government to form a Enal settlement on the northern coast of Australia , yond the limits of this colony . The exact spot has not , as wc understand , been fixed upon . Halifax Bay is spoken of as likely to form an advantageous position for thc purpose . Thc first ships , with convicts on board forthe new settlement , may be expected shortly to arrive at Sy dney . A meeting , it is said , is to take place between Sir George Gipps , Sir Eardlev Wilmot , and Mr . Latrobe , the superintendent ol Port Philip , in order to take into consideration , and report upon , the course which they may consider most advisable to adopt _^ n thc formation of thc settlement , and thc carrying out a judicious and comprehensive system of penal discipline . —Aus tralian .

      The S 01 . 1 ciT 0 n-GE . vEn . 11 ,. — The vacant place of . Solicitor-General , occasioned by tlic elevation of Sir F . Thesigcr to the _Attorncy-Gcncntlsbip , has , up to this evening ( Thursday ) , not yet been supplied . Exeter Eiectiox . —Sir John Duckworth is tbe Conservative candidate for the representation ol this city , in the room of Sir W . Follett , deceased . The High-Shciiff has fixed the nomination for Monday , anil the polling for Tuesday . _Abixcdox EtECTios . —Thc candidates are the new Attorney-General , Sir F . Thesiger , who by his acceptance of the Attorney-Generalship has been compelled to vacate his scat , and on thc Liberal side General jG . _iulficld . The nomination takes place on Monday , and thc polling on thc following day .

      _Dautmoith Election . —Dartmouth , J _\* lt 2 , l _** 45 —The nomination took place here this day . Two candidates were presented to the electors , Mr . George Moffatt , a Liberal and Frcc-Tradcr , who was defeated by the late member , Mr . Somes , iu tho contest which took place _alxiut six months since ; and Mr . Henry Prinscp , a gentleman of Conservative op inions , and who , it was said , had held office in India , where he had resided many years . After thc usual speeches , a show of hands was then called for _" _, by thc mayor , who after repeating it , the numbers bciug so even , declared it in favour of Mr . Prinsep . A poll was demanded on behalf of Mr . Moffatt . Fisai _. State of the Poll . —Loxrov , Fbidat Mok _* . ixg : — -Moffatt , 125 ; Prinsep , 111—Majority , 11

      The Northern Star Saturday, Jdly 5, 1s45.

      THE NORTHERN STAR SATURDAY , JDLY 5 , 1 S 45 .

      The Hume "Job." Another R-Exsioxeit Sadd...

      THE HUME " JOB . " ANOTHER _r-EXSIOXEIt SADDLED OS THE PEOPLE . Nothing is so easy for a public man in opposition , as to build up for himself a character for Ecoxoxir , even when he does not possess one single requisite to entitle him to it . Placed iu a position where he has uot tiie _disjxexiring of the public money ; being only a member of a body , where there is always a thundering majority to vote any " grant , " however extravagant , and impose any tax , _ho-scver unnecessary ; circumstanced thus , he has only to carp at the respective accounts submitted to him ; to suggest that this item of millions should be reduced some £ 5 , 000 ; to make motions for reduction which he knows will

      not be carried ; to propose that this insignificant clerk be dispensed with—and that that paltry tidewaiter be discharged : a " member" in opposition has only to do this , always taking care to confine his attention to the mere candle-ends of the estimates , on thc principle of " take care of _thejwnee and the pounds will take care of themselves ; " a " member " has only to act thus , and he will forthwith be looked up to as THE ECONOMIST par excellence : and when hc is satisfied by the Minister , as to the rea sonablcncss of any charge , or the necessity of any impost , it will be held that nobody else has a right

      to grumble . Such a man is as indispensable m our " glorious constitution" of taxes and pensions , as the Minister himself . He acts two important parts . He is at once a foil for the tax-exacting Government —and a means of amusi . \ g the people while they pay . He takes care to give no opposition likely to be successful in saving for thc payers , nor embarrassing to those who live on the fruits of industry absorbed out of the hands of the producers by the engines of State : but his conduct does induce a belief in the minds of the simple and confiding among the people that he is doing his utmost for

      them—because he pokes his nose into so many little holesseems so earnest after the farthings—detects every plateful of cheese-parings—and triumphantly exhibits himself as a watcher over iheir interests , when he has knocked off the odd pounds , shillings , and pence from a £ 6 , 001 , 025 12 s . -IJd . estimate for the pay of a stauding army in time of peace . There are times , however , when bis real character developes itself . Let & motion 1 » made to stop the pensions paid to the toadies of the aristocracy , and to those who have prostituted their powers of mind to the service of a

      corrupt and unprincipled Minister ; and the eooxomist will be found not to vote for it . Complain of the heavy burden of the £ 00 , 000 , 000 a year taxation ; point out that £ 30 , 000 , 000 of this is paid to the class who call themselves national cbeditoks , for having ( as they say ) performed an utter impossibility , —lent the nation S 00 . 000 . 000 of " money , " when there is not that amount in thc whole world , if it was all gathered together ; adduce the fact that what " they purported to lend were mere depreciated " promises to pay ; " ahd that they themselves were so conscious of the rotten nature of the whole transaction , that

      they stipulated that for every £ 100 they lent of this depreciated sham " money , " they should receive _iutcres-jjas if for £ 200 ; tell of the effects of Peel ' s Bill , in reducing prices Irom 122 s . for a quarter of wheat in 1812 , to 48 s . In 1 SA 5 _, thus tiwre than doubling tiie value of " money , " and making tho producers pay the interest of £ 400 for every £ 100 of depreciated " promises" borrowed : complain of this , and of its " pauperizing" and its national-existence-endangering effects ; adduce these facts , and propose an equitable _aujcstmest between the nation and its " creditors ; " propose that it shall be fairly

      ascertained what the amount of the loans really was , and that _a-.-essccEB _kieiiest , coxximensurate with the present value of money , should be paid en what is actually due till the principle can be liquidated ; propose this , and your flowing economist will be the very first to bawl out against it ; to denounce you as robbers and _gwfi ' otors ; to charge you with being thieves iu intention—worse than the _Pennsylvanianrepurfjaftira . It will be in vain that you show him that bare justice to thc payers ofthe taxes demands that this should be done ; that , by the present system , thet ass bobbed of four times the amount they ought actually to pay ,

      admitting ( for thc nonce ) that they owe something of a debt which they never contracted ; it will be in vain that you show that unless the course you propose is pursued , all talk of economy . is mere idle wind ; it will be in vain that you show that the soldiery , with all their £ 6 , 000 , 000 a year expense , are _fxecessary to keep down commotions and insurrections , prompted hy the poverty of the people from whom the means to pay the national creditor are collected at the point of the bayonet ; it will be in vain that you show that armies of police are raising in every direction , to aid tbe arm of " authority , " : becoming

      weak even when backed by the swords and muskets ef 100 , 000 men ; it will be in vain that you demonstrate , that the most expansive parts of the-system , _txtust he maintained , if the £ 60 , 000 , 000 IS tO be Collected , but which would become useless and unneces sary if reduction "were made in the proper quarter : it will be in vain that you do all this , making it as plain as the nose on your face ; still your prime kco-. \ _oiii 8 r will disregard it all—and meet you only by the cry of plunderer and thief ! He is , essentially _, a

      part of tiie system . With its existence his own is bound up . He knows that your proposal , if agreed to , would remove the tax-eaters from off the industry of the country , leaving what they now live on to be enjoyed by the producers and the distributors of wealth . Hc knows that the slugs and caterpillars of the State would fall and droop away , like lice from off a _goose-, berry bush when smothered in smoke : He knows all this—and that he hinmlfwm _ldsitfferwiththeni : and , therefore , he cannot bear to hear of " _ecosomt" in tiuxt direction .

      Precisely such a character as _tltta , is Mr . _JOSBFHHume . For now a period of thirty years has he played the character of " first-rate bcoxowsz . " He has been the most eminent piddlcr that ever at teill'dtd tu "Ah : a fie ; :. " . l _^ _U'Iik _' _shu-i ; li ' _lifuilhlv

      The Hume "Job." Another R-Exsioxeit Sadd...

      GREAT in Halts . It was indeed a worthy sight to see him deeply engaged in the _stiUlings-and-peilCO columns of " an account , " descending to every littlo minutia , even to the half farthings , while the millions of pounds in it wore dismissed , as if too insignificant to look at . Hundreds o motions has Joseph made , jnst tobe able to say he had made them ; and then withdrew them , " without troubling the house with a division . " But it would be impossible throughout the whole of his " Econoxnical" career , to point out one single instance where he fairly grasped the subject of Economy , and attempted to effect a saving , that

      would havo been felt hy the peop le in diminished taxation . To thc candle-ends and thc cheese-parings has his "Economical" attention been exclusively directed ; except indeed on occasions when other members have essayed the real question , and submittcdmotions that would have resulted in adiminution of the burdens of the people Then Joseph was the man to oppose . " lie was , as every one knew , a rigid Economist . He wottld yield to no one in that particular . If there was any one thing for which he was distinguished from another —[ always conveniently forgetting all about the Greek PIE]—it was for his

      love of Economy . But then his economy was always practical , lie did not aim at what he knew could not be effected . He confined his attention to the points where little savings could be effected , without detriment to the _^ public sen-ice . The proposition so ably —[ ably ; always think of that . It is very cheap to say so much respecting the speech of an opponent , and it has a wonderful effect , if you compliment a man before you fetch him a back-handed blow in the chops]—the proposition so ably moved by the Hon . Member did not do tliis . It involved charges and arrangements which could not be effected

      without producingtnrmoil and confusion to the whole system of government ; and therefore he could not support it . " Thus has many an honest proposal been shelved—and many an incip ient troublesome customer had his legs knocked from under him . There is no opposition so fatal to a public man as the "damaging support" or the patronising disagreement of an " _economical friend . " The one is sure to land him in the mire of defeat ; and the other will effectually prevent his rising above a very common level , unless he has the tact and thc determination

      to take his repressor bythe neck , dangle him up to public view , shew him masked and hooded as hc really is , and then quietly snuff him out like one 0 / thc farthing candles ho has so long delighted to dabble amongst . This is the only mode of getting rid of " the people ' s man" with the wet blanket . Deal firmly and energetically with him , and he soon feels and finds his litter insignificance . He soon finds that thc deference paid to him was purely conventional—appertained to the character he had assumedand was not commanded by the intrinsic worth ofhis mind .

      But " _EcoNOJiiCAi" Joseph lias lately appeared in another character . Finding that his old dodge of piddling with the estimates has been thoroughly smoked—thoroughly appreciated , he has ventured out in another line . After having spent a pretty long life-time in small endeavours to save the public money , without much success , he determined to try his hand at expending it : and , sorry are we to record the fact , with better success than he even wished for in any of his efforts in the saving line . He had but to make his motion , and forthwith it

      was agreed to . True he did not withdraw this " without putting the House to the trouble of a division . " He did not content himself with merely moving it , that he might boast of it afterwards . The request he made—that a * man who had no claim on ns should be pensioned on the public purse—was at once acceded to : and the poor inmates ofthe Coal Holes in Bradford and White-abbey have to thank Mr . Joseph Hume that their industry is taxed some £ 1 , 500 a-year , because a man named Pottinger has succeeded in beating the Chinese for their endeavour to take satisfaction of " our merchants" for

      smuggling into theu * dominions a demoralising and physically-debasing drug ! "While toiling in their bed-chambers , over their charcoal fires , with their sick wives laid exposed to their gaze , and the dead bodies of thoir children " laid out" in the ' same apartment , they will have the satisfaction of knowing that £ 1 , 500 a-year is partly raised from them to keep in luxury a man whose only merit is that he was successful in war against a people who had been so long at peace mat ' thbt _xmw noj how to _ncnx 1 And they will have this satisfaction heightened by the reflection that this last drone has been palmed on them through the exertions of Mr . Save- Jerri Hume !

      The facts of this case ate just these . . To Sh Henry Poiiinoeb was entrusted the " management " of the dispute our Government had with China , when that people refused to submit to the smuggling of " our merchants" in the teeth of their laws and regulations . After due and repeated warning , the Chinese seized a large quantity of opium thus attempted to be smuggled into their dominions , and confiscated it . For this act of justice and true policy , our Government demanded _<* om » enaaf-o »; and because the Chinese refused to pay the worse than highwayman ' s demand , vessels of . war were sent out

      against them , and some of their towns and cities battered to the dust , and their junks burnt to the water ' s edge . When the Chinese found that tlicy could' not cope with us in war , they acceded to speedy tertns of peace , and entered into a treaty of commerce , which placed this nation in a far better position than she had before-time occupied in relation to the people we had wronged . Sir _Henrt _Potiinqer was this country ' s Plenipotentiary in the negotiation of this treaty : and because he was io ; because , as such , he only did his duty ; because , as such , he obeyed tho call of patriotism , and -made the best bargain in his power for his country ; . because he did only what he was receiving his country ' s ample pay for doing , and for neglecting to do which he would have been a traitor :

      because he only did this , Mr . " Economical Hume , " of all men in the world , moved an address to the Queen , prajing * ' _' ' - 'ilutt-she' would be " graciously pleased to signally reward such eminent services , " Ac , _< tc .: and the . Queen , " being-desirous of conferring some signal mark of favour and approbation on the , right hon . baronet Sir Henry . Pottinger , G . C . B ., in consideration of his eminent services , and particularly on account oftho zeal , ability , and judgment displayed by him as her Majesty ' s Plenipotentiary in negotiating a treaty of peace aiid ' commerce with the Emperor of Chii _^ recommended the House of Commons to concur in enabling , her Majesty to make provision ' for securing to Sir Henry _Pottu-oer _apetwt ' on of £ 1 , 600 a year , for the term of his natural life . " - ' ¦ _- ¦ ' ¦ _-- _¦ _" "

      Now , all this might have been allowable , " if it" had been out of the pocket of . the _Queeii thatthe said £ 1 , 300 a-year was to have come , providing she had worked for Ubefm it got titers _t but when it does not so come ; when it is out of the public purse that it has to t > e taken ; when -it is out of that exchequer , " to replenish which thousands have to go without the commonest necessaries of life , nnd pig in the stews " and OOAL-HOLES of Bradford

      and other of our large towns , " that this pension "for the term , of ms ndiural'Kjfe '' has to be paid * , when this is the case ; , and when there are laws on the statute-book avowedly ' framed to " reduce the-work * _, ing people of England to live . on a coarser sort of food , "; then : the whole thing beebmes a scandalous shame to all _coneorned , from Shot-Hot Hume down to Sir Robert Peel , who advised "Her _Mtijesty " to seek the coucurrenee of the Commons in " granting" £ 1 , 500 ar year , of other people ' s money !

      The whole thing is indefensible on any principle of justice towards the tax-payers . Here was a * man ; paid for his services ' , _who-accbiinted the pay high ' enough , by Ms accepting ' the " undertaking at the price ; who ma *» o mom thai * * h » ovtt ; who wonld have beenJliaWo . to severe and condign punishment , had he done less : here was this man , so circumstanced ; not wounded "in his country ' s service ;" not worn-out ; not disabled ; not rendered incapable , or _t-vcii less able , lo follow other employment , Uut

      The Hume "Job." Another R-Exsioxeit Sadd...

      rather more likely to receive it from the oppor _tunity afforded him to signalise his worth ; here was _thtf man , under these circumstances , made a pensioner on the people ' s industry fbr " the term of his natural life , " howeyer long that may be , and whether he may be engaged in other employment or not . Is not this _wionstroush * _uiijtwt , —particularly when we _le * member that there are no pensions for the workers ! no rewards for industry—no provision even for the _DEsrircTE poor but the hated bastiie , with its workhouse dress , its bone-crushing mills , its starvation diet , and its separation of those who have pledged themselves in life

      _<• To livo and love together ! And is it not an act of baseness unmatchablc-an act of baseness past all comprehension for Hume to have the impudence to stick one who has not a shadow of a claim on tho people ' s moans , on to the people ' s backs , there to remain for " thc term ofhis natural Ufe , " while he , the same Brows-Bread Hume , has been the most unblushing supporter , and the most brazen defender of bastiles Fon the poor—who only arc poor because their means have been taken to pay thc idle pensioners , and other drones who live on tliem witliout labour ?

      Let no one say that tho amount in this case is not very largc— " only £ 1 , 500 a-year , " and that that is but a small item out ' of the £ 00 , 000 , 000 a-year . Large items are made up of small ones ; and small as this pension for life is , when compared with the annual amount of our taxation , it is just upon half of the amount of the salary . the Americans give their _Presedeid for presiding over axid conducting the whole concerns of their Government ! That people don't pension their public officers , nor allow them ¦ retiring salaries . They pay them for their services while they are in offiee : not extravagantly , but reasonably , and when

      the services are withheld or disponsod with , the pdy ceases , as it ought to do . Their Presidents for instance ;—While in office thoy receive tho salary of office , a salary hot equal to thc amount paid to our " gewgaw , " but still equal to the real wants of thc Head Magistrate of a great and powerful people _. And remember that this functionary in the States is not a mere ' puppet . „ He takes an active part in governing . He is indeed the centre and main-spring of the whole , lie is not like . some little body that could be named , denuded of all power ; unable to choose bcd-cliamber attendants ; a mere painted

      doll , for the Minister to play with . The _President of the United States is not like this—but tub _misdthe soul , of his Cabinet , acting for the people , and making that peopie known and feared to the end of the earth : and though he has not a " civil list" of £ 470 , 000 , - including a " privy purse" of £ 60 , 000 , still he is ablo to perform tho functions of governor , and set an example in this way too which it would be well for sonic nations to follow . Nor is it fouud that the £ 5 , 000 a-year only for the American President

      prevents talent from being engaged in the service of the American people . While they can boast of their _Wasuingtons , their _Jeffersons , their Madisohs , their Munroe ' s , their _Jacksons , their Van-Burens , and their Polks , they-may safely contrast them with our Catholic-hating , man-hanging , debt-contractingmad George ; or our wife-repudiating , Green-bag concocting , sensual , , bloated , rotten " Fum tuk Fourth ; " or our simple , silly , shilly-shally "' Reformer ; " or our nameless vixen , who " Threw a cup of tea in his face ,

      Foldcdol !" and slapped Miss Marshall , the Mill-owner ' s " maid of honour . " Thoy may satel y leave their Presidents to be judged of by posterity in contrast with the wearers of the diadem in the "Mother Country , even though they do allow them only £ 5 , 000 a-year , without tho " privilege" of either pension or retiring salary . Tosecure talent , it is riot there necessary to hold out these inducements : and were they abolished with us we should find far more manliness—far more

      energy of mind and character—far more of self-reliance and . less of effeminacy , and namby-pambyism among our public officers and legislators than pre _^ vails at thepresent day . Is itnot a national degradation , that this " great" country should be governed by a man o f whom the best that can bo said is , that ho is a " sublime mediocrity ? " Is it no satire upon our " high and haughty" aristocracy , that not a member of their body , immediate or distant ; can be found to dispute power with the son of a

      cottonspinner , who is not possessed of , a spark of genius ; who haa not an atom of origincditj _/ in his _COIUposi _* tion ; who is merely a plausible adapter of other men s ideas , and an advantage-taker of circumstances , so as to govern without any of the high and ennobling qualities requisite to constitute a gover _ nor ? The fact is , that' _luxuriousness and dissipa . tion hsvo enervated the aristocracy—made them a pcurile and a contemptible body—split them up into powerless sections , without mind or energy , without union or concert—and degraded their very " House " itself into a mere " guard-room , " with an old doting " Field Marshal" for a commander . The extrava . gance and ' reckless squanderings of tho public money , in the shape of high salaries , pensions ,

      allowances , grants , dead-weight , and sinecures , has mainly contributed to the engendering and spread of the dissipation that has worked such lamentable results : and the abolition of nearly all of these modes of living on the industry of the people , throwing the recipients of unearned incomes " on their own re sources " will be of immense , advantage to the Go . _ver-iors of the country as weU as to the people who are now taxed to death to pay them . Talent , under such circumstances , will seek for employment . Mind will make its way . Mediocrity would have to succumb to genius ; the Geaeral would havo to giv way to . the Statesman and the Governor : and wo should have a * Government respectable and respected , because able to command respect .

      ; The . Land. . On Wednesday Night Mr. C...

      _; THE LAND . . On _Wednesday night Mr . Cowpeb again brought forward his Field Garden Allotment Bill , when , as usual , every _one-pf-thc - ' free , traders " , were up in arms against ; the measure , all agreeing that wages alone should constitute the hope , the stock , the store , and the all of the working man . That petulant economist _Itoanuck headed the opposition , aud received a severe and ' -well-merited castigation from Mr . _iSiiAnMAN Cbawtord ; but what we much prefer to the reputation ofthe speculative notions of would-be economists , " is the positive and irrefutable statements of practical men . We , therefore , attach much more importance to * the * following short ' speech of Mr . Mangles than to the . wholesale rubbish of the member for thc borough of . Bath : — : . ¦ - _-.

      -• Mr , _& . D , _Manqlss denied that wages ware tbe _sol » support ofthe agricultural labourers . ' * In many part 3 of tlu-country tho labouring , classes could get no wages , owing , to want of employment for them . It was only a fortnight _sliice-that he had met a countryman in h _' u own district whotoldhtmhohad _nothadaday ' s work for a week past ... Would the hon . and learned number tell the house where the Inbqiirers wero to jet wages under such a state of things ? He'haclspoke ' n ' of the bill as tending to lower the . condition of the agripidlauail labourers -, but he could show him _HiatSito of "tlte ' _ytorh'i ymptoms of the present

      , im 8 B was the hopeless condition of th » labouring agricultural classes . '" The sliopkfeeplng classes were in a far better position ; he would show that whero one agricultural labourer _rdls ' od himself above his coriilitioh , fifty 8 h « p"k * capers'bfeoted that object . He never knew astngle instance of an agricultural labourer raising himself , above that cpnditlon whodid not efn-ct that end by means of tho _allotmonVsystfenvf" _"Ohne'Fthradminls ' tration " of the Poor laws , and hy the operation of tho law of settlement , the agricultural _laboureril'had become ' tho ihost helpless class in the whole "kingdom ,

      That iB a very sensible speech , and from it welearri that for every man . _whoAmakes the fortunes upon ' wliich fifty retire from business , not moro than one toiler is placed _* in " the " siime position , and then only by _means' . of a : bit . of land . _ s _Jtafaith , thiB land question is _mikuigltsway : Lord Lincoln is engaged in enclosing 'the remaining portion of the people ' s commons with _a'bsB _mttoR-ED and _sixty-osb _cia-csb power ; and _. in an article in ; a receht humber of the , r _* miw ' , _'dea' _4 i _?' iive _- f tho lightness and looseness , tho stringency , and laxity of the _piropte ' ed ' _meas ure _, we find the following four lines and a half , which , to our mind , is worth all the speeches ever made in _Parliametu upon tlic snl . yo-.-r . ilea * _thevaw , ynd _[ , . _- _(; - .. ycrv

      ,. "L r .. i . n , _i « _., ! th ™ and _Mmotubfliworking man in England read them , and remember that they came from the _"Timei * , that is read by every i-jan , woman , and child in the world that can read ; and "that the thing of greatest value to the proprietors j s a go 0 lJ guess upon coming events ; and that those guesses are , for the most part , made from a close watching of passing events , and a shrewd putting of " that axd that " together well . The Times has thc following , worth any money : — " Wj 5 ARE INCLINED TO HOW * HUT LOHG _DBFORB _THK CLEBOYMAX , ClllJltCnWAnBEN , _OVEnSBKB , AMD VESTRY ABE _AULK TO ADMINISTER THIS BILL , THE _LADOUREH WILL BE ABLE IO SET AS MUCH LASD AS WILL BE OF HEAL USE TO HIM WITHOUT IIS ASSISTANCE . " We shall not add one word to this prophecy , based upon the knowledge ofa people ' s wish and a people ' s power of accomplishment , when they wish in the risht direction .

      Short Hours. For Some Time Past The Su'-...

      SHORT HOURS . For some time past the su' _-ject of early shop-shuttin" and the general diminution of the hours ot labour , have much engaged the attention ot Hie wellmeaning and intelligent , and the arguments in . » avonr of such a system arc alike urgent and obvious . Without at all entering upon the general merits ol thc question , we think tliere is onc argument which , if not overlooked , has nt least not met with that consideration which its importance deserves . It is all very well to talk of humanity and leisure for mwal and intellectual improvement to men prepared to feel the force of such positions ; but wc need scarce y remark that views of this kind are either simply

      unknown to many masters , or regarded by them , from whatever cause , as visionary and extravagant . It is for this reason that we now propose to arguo tor short hours upon a purely economical ground . Wc design to show that any extension of work beyond a man s ordinary p _hvsical powers is attended with loss to his employer , aiid that any reduction within proper limits is followed by a corresponding gain . We mean , in other words to establish , fvow factsi before us tlut m , n worked considerably within the Iniits of their power _peifown a greater amount of labour , and execute it more satisfactorily ; that they are more intelligent , more apt to comprehend , more active , and more inclined to be obliging , than those who are worn-out and fagged by long and incessant

      It is evident , if a man be overworked to-day , that to-morrow he will be less able for his average labour * , and that if a svstem of overworkin g be persisted in , the period will _' be hastened when he shall be totally unfitted for that species of labour , or be laid aside by disease The same reasoning holds true in reference to time . If ten hours a-day be the average at which a man can work cheerfully and well , then twelve hours will render him dull and fatigued ; and though he may coutinue at the work , ho will not do one whit more , or , if he should do so one day , it will be at the expense , of the labour of the next . This is viewing niaii ' i as a mere animated machine , whose thews and sinews are capable of exerting a limited

      amount of force , and to which we can apply tne mecluwical axiom , " that greater power cannot be gained but at tiie expense of time , and time cannot be saved but at the expense of power . " But this reasoning will not altogether apply to an intelligent being ; and , in estimating the _amoant and duration of human force , we must take into account the inseparable attribute , of mind . There is scarcely any species of labour—certainly none of the mechanical or mercantile—but requires care , vigilance , ingenuity , reasoning ; and these are qualities so intimately depending upon a sound and vigorous bodily system , that it were folly to look for them from an overtasked and worn-out man . _Reasonin" in the abstract , then , we think it very palpable that any

      master must be a gainer , both in the amount of labour aud raanuer of execution , by exacting from tlio workmen he employs rather under than above the average time during wliich their attention and activity can be maintained . Among the many practical illustrations of this doctrine , few could be more directly applicable than the following , which recently came under our notice . In Fifeshire , where the hours of the ploughmen ave of average durationnamely , during _daylight in winter , and from five to six , with a breakfast and midday interval , at other seasons—the men , as a class , are activo , energetic , and well-skilled in'their various duties . In activity we will back them against any similar class in tho island , and the trial of skill which a few

      years ago came oil' between twenty of them and a like numbor from tlic Lothians ( a _pro-eminont agricultural district ) , places them foremost on the list at least as ploughmen . In Strathearn and the Carsc of Gowrie , on thc ether hand , where the hours of labour are notoriously long , the farm-labourer seems to be quite the antithesis of his brother in Fife . A farmer in the latter county , a few years ago , engaged two of the . first-rate Carse hands at the highest wages , and placed them at the general labour of the farm along with seven native ploughmen . In a few weeks the difference between the imports and the natives became painfully apparent ; for , with every disposition to obligo , they neither performed so much labour , nor executed it so well ; nor with so much alacrity , as tbe

      latter . lve liad enough of your Carse men , said thc farmer to us one day , and his reason waa as nearly as possiblo in the following word *;— " Tlicy ' vo got a wretched system of long hours iutheuorth _* . tliey work tho very spirit out oftheir men , and so it is that these have not half the smeddum ( smartness ) o our Fife lads . They ' ve neither the sameskiU nor activity , aud when a push comes , I would make my foreman work round acouple c _j f , them . " But you'll find thom very willing and obliging ? . " Oh yes , they are patterns in that respect , aud are certainly not so independent in tlieir way as our own blades ; but thoy want the energy and aptitude , and really don't give their work thc same finish . For one order that I have to give my own . men , I have to give two to them .

      They'd hang as long as I like at the plough-tail , but I want through-put ; and so commend me to my own men and reasonable hours . " , "Now , these are not the preachings of any of your sentimentality men , butthe plain words of a hard-driving money-making Scotch fanner , who saw froni this comparison the obvious advantage to himself of keeping his men on _Bhort hours , and of never exacting from them more than tlicy could do cheerfully and well , Tho same argument applies to every species of labour , and with double force to those employments which require _inteUigsnce and cave . As soon as the body begins to tire , the spirit droops , tho attention flags , aiid If positive carelessness does not supervene , there follows , at all events , a dulncss and lethargy

      which are anything but "favourable either to amount of work or to maimer of execution . Nor ean there be any remedy for this but rest and repose . It is true you mayiapply artificial stimulants ; bHt theso , too , will shortly fail ; and their uso _tnl y renders the bodily system ' of their victim the less capable of being re-invigorated . These . remarks apply in a special manner to in-door labour , where the long-hours abuse is more frequently 8 ceh' ; hdtwithstanding that a restrained position of body , want . of fresh air and ventilation , ' should bo potent " ' arguments for a course quite the reverse . Nor . do we argue upon mere theory , _fet in ttvis case , aa in the bVner , we nave for ' tunately amost convincing . illustration at hand . It is that of a large spinning-mill , situated beside a

      country villagefor the aakeot water-power _. ' andmwhich tlw hours of labour are from six in the morning till seven at night , deducting an hour for breakfast and another for dinner , _tliiis reducing the hours of actual work to eleven—a space still ' tbo long , but considerably shorter than that ' required in any other of the neighbouring factories . In addition to this reduction , the wheel is stopped at five o clock on Wednesdays arid ' at ' three on the Saturdays j three half days a-year are allowed for faire , two days for church fasts , two for New Year ' s Day and Handsel Monday , and one forthe anmvcrsaiy of themill ' s erection—an event seemingly of great local importance . Now , however small this may seem to some , it is in realit y an amount of freedom and relaxation not enjoyed , so far as wc arc ; aware , in any similar establishment . And what , according to- the owner , has been the re- . suit ? "Not a . single spindle of yarn less , a great

      _veducti , on > . of disease , better _eatcuted work , fewer _acridentsof damage to tiie machinery , a more orderl y and more "' obliging set of workpeople , besides the satisfaction that he is contributing insoxne degree to the happiness of his / _eWotii-cfeaturw . It may seem' contradictory at first sight , tliat a reduction of hoars in such an establishment , should not be followed b y a diminution of produce' , * a little reflection , however , will clear a «» y tlw dubiety ... Thed _^ st tW » _ywrs ' wagebook _show-i thc merest trifle of absenee from ill-health ; . the lessening of damage lias caused fewer stoppages , and even a greater degree of speed can be obtained , inasmuch as the attention of the workers is never relaxed by long and tedious-confinement . ; The _stoppage ' _-on Wednesdays permits the women t * attend a littlte to their domestic concerns , _while , it allows the , mill to be cleaned and the machinery to be overhauled ; the advantages of the _Saturday _afterapona are _teo . _obviouB to be adverted to . "'"' - . _" - . ' ¦

      From these examples , then , we think it sufficiently obvious that moderate hours arc conducive alike to the Interests of employer and employed . The latter enjoys moro the life of a rational creature , and the former rather adds to , than subtracts from , liis gains , inasmuch as he has the same amount of work _^ and has it moro highly and more carefully finished . It may be urged , to _Insure , that there is . no tiring of . _^ . steam-eng ine and machinery , and that the longer those revolve , the larger the amount of . produce . This would he true and just ifthe machine , were selfaetihg ; but in nineteen . ' eases bnt of twenty , it requires thc regulation and aid of human hands , and _itistothosethat our _argament applies . We havo no objection that a man "work his machinery till every wheel aud axle be worn tQ _> A _sfceIeton ft , its , place cau be readily _suppliud . * what we condemn is the grinding of workmen to a similar condition , when it is obvious that an opposite course is in the long-run tlic more advantageous . The strain can be let on at p ' _-. -. - . ' _.-Ui'o \ i . _\ t ' l . o _'' : _** u _* R ! r i ! : ' _* . buL uw _stv- _^ wtk of a

      Short Hours. For Some Time Past The Su'-...

      worh-diit _nlah" cannot be renewed by any similar pfb _, com : ho must have leisure and repose ; and where fchii is denied him , his bodily _mechamsni must shortly become diseased _artfl impotent . It forms •» _sorrv excuse for the employer to urge that , as he has laid out some forty or fifty _thousand poundsin machinery , so he must "keep up the steam , in order the moro speedily to repay himself ; nor docs ltbottec his position to put , as he sometimes done , tJio qua * _, tion—Would you have all that machinery to be employed only ten hours out of the twenty-four ? What , indeed , is the use of machinery , if it be riot to lessen the amount of human labour and drudgery ; and wail-6 Ut matt cannot to renewed byany sim ilar _^

      what tho purpose of the invention ot mmd , it it b _» not to increase the amount of our comforts and happ iness ? It would appear , were wc to admit the arguments of some folks , that thc purpose of machinery was rather to enthral than to exalt mankind ; and it is curious that many manual enjoyments , such as those of thc mason , joiner , slater , labourer , and the like , should have custom sanctioning the labour hours from six to six , with breakfast and dinner intervals , while those which have been called into existence by machinery have been tasked like slaves from five to seven , or even beyond these limits . Nor is it the reasoning of a humane or enlightened mind to repl y _.

      that if the workmen feci themselves aggrieved , they can turn to some other employment . Is it right for any man , because hc has power on his side , to abuse it ; or cau the fact of a few thousand pounds' possession dissociate him from his fellow-men , or free him of thc reciprocal duties which thc necessities of our condition have imposed ? Every argument that militates against the great law of brotherly love must be unsound ; and it is only because this law is but too little respected , that there is so much of inequality , oppression , and poverty _ainonest us Against this view of short hours ol labour it is sometimes _urced . that if ten hours can be proved to

      be more advantageous than twelve , would not eight or six be more advantageous still—and where , then , were the limit to the diminution ? This species of reasoning is entirely beside the question . A certain amount of labour is to be performed , by an agent having limited powers ; there must be an . average at which this power can be exerted , and our argument only goes this length , " that it is more profitable to tax these powers within than beyond this ascertained avorago , " In dealing with human power , we cannot apply the mathematical formula b y wliich we calculate the force of gravity , of heat , or any other purely nhvsical agent ; but we must regard it as a power

      imbued with mind , and as a power which naturo reinvigorates by one process , and one alone . Again , it is said that any additional leisure would in all likelihood be devoted to idleness or dissipation , but , founding upon past experience , we have no ground for such a decision . It would not be idleness , surclv , for the toiled mechanic to betake himself to the Belds and lanes for that air which the pent-up workshop denies ; nor would it be dissipation to indnlgo in the harmless games of the public green , or in the amusements of our halls and lecture-rooms . Or , graiiciiig tkfc some were to dissipate , are we to withhold from eightv tt just andnatural boon because twenty _ehoosc to abuse it ? The truth is , that where there has been little time for menial Culture , we are

      not to wonder at some little abuse of any new privilege , and wo can only hope for the rectification of such faults when men have more leisure to learn better modes . A holiday to our population at present is a boon so seldom "ranted , that it acts upon them like intoxication ; and anv extravagances they may commit should be laid to this account , rather than to any innate disposition to absurdity and folly . But be this as it may , we have taken up tho reduction of the hours of labour upon other grounds—namely , its obvious advantage to the _11108101 * 3 themselves—throwing aside altogether every consideration as to hu _« manity , and leisure for moral and intellectual culture ; and we leave it for thc reader to determine whether our reasonings be in any degree corroborative of our opinion .

      We Dare "Wager A Trifle That The Most " ...

      We dare "wager a trifle that the most " constant reader" wo have , has not hitherto suspected that tl article he has been reading is not by thc Editor of tha Star . Tho philosophy of it will be as familiar to liim , " as a household word "—it having been weekly enforced on his attention during the seven-and-a-half years that the Northern Star has been in existence * . and there is nothing observable in the article itself to induce a doubt that it is not from our usual manufactory , unless indeed it be that the style is somewhat more free and polished than that in which tho reader is wont to be addressed in these pages .

      The confession , however , that it is not ours would b _*/ . t tend to puzzle the reader , were we to leave lata to " guess" the source whence we have derived it . We might safely do so , —were we inclined to enjoy hi » bewilderment , —without much chance ofhis " hitting on . " _Wedarogiye him the whole of a " factoryday , " tho "last two hours" and all , wherein totax his best powers of " guessing , " without fear that ! i 8 will approach within one hundred miles of the reality . He might run the whole British _pwss through and through , without once thinking of naming Chambers ' s Journal as the source whence we have derived an article of that stamp . Such an idea would , be most unlikely to cross his mind * . andhis amazement would only be equallod by his gladness when he was told that such was the fact .

      Who that remembers the infamous " philosophy of wages" taught in the tract of " Chambers ' s , " so well dissected by Mr . _O'Cottxon , and tho hard sort of Political Economy almost constantly inculcated by that firm throughout thoir numerous publications ; who that remembers this , could imagine it possible that an article , breathing the spirit of the above , and having for its object a high beneficent purpose for the despised worker , could have obtained admission into the pages of a journal conducted b y men who have done so much to popularise thc inhuman dogmas of _MalthuB , and assert the superiority o ' t Capital over Labour ? Who could have expected that those who have held and maintained that " Capital is justified in taking every advantage to keep down the price of Labour , " -would bo found

      pleading that the sentient , intellectual being should not be trenched like the iron machines of the mill ; but that the latter should actually bo mado to wait on the convenience and comfort of their animated attendants ? Yet so it is . But it is onl y proof that the . question of humanity has made such _progrcss that even _Malthuaians themselves ave forced to be * come its advocates , and acknowledge its high and just . behests . As the Herald well said last week , " the truth of tho cause has carried it forward : * made even those , whose philosophy regards not man only as _ati instrument for . the production of wealth , confess that the claims it makes for time to recruit exhausted naturo , for due recreation" and enjoymomV and for the cultivation of the intellectual and moral faculties are neither " visionary nor extravagant . " - ,, ...

      To the reasoning o f the writer in Chambers ' s H » not necessary to add in the slightest degree Ife manfully grasps the whole question , and work * it thoroughly out . * Not content with tho _eaunciation of /< _mr- * _Mj principles , so plainly stated and so obvious as to carry with them general consent , he adduces piucmjb , and shows from actual _/^ that evoa sordid cupidityhas nothing to fear from the doin- * - ef mere justice : for the _gaim from the _labows of thosemoderately worked is far greater than froni-the labours of others who are tasked beyond their ordinary powers of endurance . The examples he gives will haTO

      considerable influence . in , "justif ying " . his " prineiple " with , those for whom they are intended-those- em , ' plovers of lab who plead' ' so . strenuously for-the "hwt two hours , " predicting RUIN not only , to themselves but to tho State itself , if th _« y aro not allowed to exact moro than the fall task-, and we may not unreasonably expect that they even will be * induced to forego opposition to _avwh a settlement _cMo question as shall give due relaxat ion to the physical power _& of . the worker , and enable him todaily resume his occupation -recruited and _invigor-ried , - better . able to _. _realiz e a given amount of profit with ten hours * labour than with twelve .

      The fact is , the question of short time issettledin . tiie public mind . _Therb it is agreed oix . It _has-rua the gauntlet—passed through all the phases _thafc propositions for Reform ha Te to pass , befo » _therk > _-comc itioorporated in ear " glorious constittttibn . * - ' When first worked , it was laughed . at-. sii ( , ' 8 _* iedafe-sceffcd at—denounced as " wild , " and " visionary , " and " _rumo \» . " Ite -advocates ; were * _deeped , ill * treated persecuted . Those who had , beea made to feel the full effects of the heavy scourge ; those wha were , deformed in body tlirough excessive toil , and * _who told thc . pMic of their sufferings and heavy in"dictions , were dismissed , from their _employment' amlever j- _xacans resorted to ,: to prevent the crying iniquities of the systera from being known . Then

      the question was _entertained - considered ; pro * _nounce-i to ba worthy of attention ; and some modification y i " , ' j . c _exisliiv' system needed , _riiL-i * - _* -

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), July 5, 1845, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_05071845/page/4/