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Northern Star (1837-1852), 5th April 1845, Edition 3 of 3, Page 7, fflavM wMmitt7

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      April 5, 1845. The Nohthern Star. 7

      April 5 , 1845 . THE NOHTHERN STAR . 7

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      _^ _tio _-rwithlhonghtr - ,. - , t _-hr-ar a little bird , who sings _Siehy aud hy _*^ l « the strongcr . _' ' -BTKON SWmE RLA - _^/ ESUITS . -THE _s- _" _- _^ flOLT ALLIANCE

      . last we announced the _adjournment of the _TT _^ _rdhiary Met ' *» _J _? 5 ba 5 ° _^ P- _^^ _**** j Hr _„ ncstion which had occasioned their assembling _VP demanded expulsion of the Jesuits . _TJvc cannot quit this part of our subject witliout a ark _^ to -flic numbers of the Swiss ranged on each _^ _deoi this unhappy qmstion . From statistics before t appears that the cantons which demand the ns * _Jigon of the Jesuits number in the whole a _popufSon of 1 , 002 , 000 ; they unitedly furnish for the Federal arnivacontingent of 40 , 007 men , and unitedly eVnjribntc to the Central Treasury 752 , 000 francs .

      The cantons opposed to the Jesuits , out who are _unwillin- * to coerce Lucerne , number in thc whole a _oonulation of 353 , 000 ; they furnish unitedly a contioirent of 4 , 455 men ; and contribute unitedly 1-10 , 000 ftaj _^ cs to the Federal treasury . The cantons opposed to the expulsion of the Jesuits , or wishing to call them in , number in the whole a population of 468 , 350 ,-thev unitedly furnish to the Federal army 13 , 517 men ; and * unitedly contribute 150 , 000 francs . Thus it will be seen that the immense majority of the Swiss demand thc expulsion of the Jesuits , or , at least , are _oMiosed to them . Out ol a population of 2 , 323 , 350 ,

      there is a clear majority of 1 , 388 , 650 , opposed to the Jesuits , and no less than 1 , 133 , 650 of a clear majority who demand their forcible expulsion . It is true the rights of the smaller cantons are , and should be , as sacred as those of the larger ; still it will be well to iecp in mind the force of the contending parties : the above figures , proving , as they do , that thc outcry against thc Jesuits is not the cry of a mere faction . On ihe question ofthe " free corps / ' the decision of the Diet is _anything but fully or clearly stated in the correspondence ofthe daily papers ; but it would appear that , ofthe resolutions proposed to the deputies , the first onlv was adopted , as follows : —

      The forming of free armed corps , as well as tbe levying otsaeh corps , without the consent or co-operation of the Cantonal Governments , are inadmissible according to the sense and aim of the Federal compact . The resolutions calling upon the cantons to take measures to prevent the formation of " free corps , " to prohibit violations of territory by them , to make the breach of these rules penal , and charging the Federal Directory with authority to communicate thc proposed decree to all the cantons , It is stated , were rejected . On the 20 th ( March ) the Diet adjourned , the President pronouncing the close of the session in the fthowing terms : —

      Oar deliberations are terminated . Some of you will retire dissatisfied . A similar disposition will manifes t itself among a portion of the Swiss people . It is oonsenueiuly a fluty the more imperious for you to exert yourselves to maintain public order and tranquillity , and not _aUow the interests of the commonwealth to be sacrificed to party spirit I must remind Lucerne that it depends upon its GoTeminentnotto increase fbe existing irritation , and to effect a reconciliation by making a sacrifice to the cwi-atr _* -. May Switzerland be ready to provide against events , " and strong enough to uphold her honour and liberty under every circumstance . She would repent too late , if her authority and power were abandoned to the Bicrcv of partv interests .

      Come we now to a consideration of thc tone assumed , and thc measures taken by the " great powers" as they are styled , who seem tobe formed into an unholy alliance to inteifere with the affairs of all weaker nations , -more especially -when such interference has for its object ine suppression of free principles , and the staying the march of mind and civilization . The first to interfere , or at any rate to express interference , was theBritish Government . As already stated , on the first day of the Diet ' s sittings , a diplomatic note , as it is called , from the Earl of Aberdeen to Mr . Moiuer , the British "Minister Plenipotentiary _wascommnnicatedbythe Vorort tothe deputies . After expressing thc sorrow of the British Government at witnessing the prescntagitation in Switzerland , which he fears may lead to serious consequences , Lord Aberdeen

      proceeds—The consequences to which I allude are those which jnight affect thc international relations between Switzerland and thc rest of Europe , such as they are defined by general decrees andby the treaties which have guaranteed to the Swiss confederation , constituted by the existing federal compact , the advantages of perpetual neutrality and of territorial independence . It is evident Gtat ffis _dctdnicSono / ttis t / mpaiCt , wmatterbgwhat means , or by the favlt of vital party hi Switzerland , it might be effected , would sooner or later generate Vie necessity of reconstituting the Hel

      _vetic body under some other _jarm , which , mi order to obtain a legal position in the general political system in Europe , would require ihe formal assent of the powers which took part in tlte act of November 20 , 1815 , by which it was declared that the neutrality and inviolability of Switzerland , and her independence from all foreign influence , are for the true interests of the policy of the whole of Europe . So difficult 9 . result as tliat of the recognition hy fhe rest of Europe Of a vox Switzerland could not be obtained but through complica tions probably _po-judicial to the _deareslbiterests of die cantons , Knd which wonld _rieeessarily involve the _interrention of the

      _yoreign _jmvers . The note proceeds to recommend to the Swiss , par ticularly tiie members ofthe Diet , " mutual goodwill and concession , " as the best means of settling the present unhappy difficulties , and concludes as follows : — Her Majesty ' s - _^ veirnmeutrecoguiseo thc respect which is due to the free decisions of a sovereign state in matters regarding exclusively its oivn well-being and domestic policy ; but . whatever advantages it may bo hoped to lather from Certain measures , they could scarcely counterbalance the acknowledged inconveniences of civil commotions aad dissensions , and of a foreign _tnferrciifiroi which would be _ifa _neccssorn consequence . On the 7 th of March the Yorort communicated to the deputies M . Guizot's note addressed to the French envoy , the Count de _Poxtois . In this note the chief ofthe dMrmaires thus denounces the ¦• free corps :- —"

      The fonnation of thc free corps is , witliout contradiction , one of tlic most serious events of thc present state of _flrngs ; and already , more than once , I have apprised you of the _a-uJrtv that I _/ Ht as to _fte _evmtuafities with wluch , not only the repose , but also the existence of the confederation were menaced by this organised anarchy . The imperative necessity of putting an end to such abuses , and preteutuio a tteumm of lhaa , is not contested in Europe by any of me true friends of Switzerland . * * * Atthe moment when the Diet is about to deliberate on the free corps , I expressly rffljmmciid to jwu to eaV , _tl , e most serious attention of flic President to the radical illegality and incalculable danger ofsv . cli an institution . Announce to him in the most formal terms our full aud entire conviction on this subject .

      On the day of the Djetfs adjournment , the President stated that he had received on the davprevious , from theAustrian charge d ' _affau-es , a _th ' spatch from Prmec JferrenxicH . wliich there had not been time to prepare for the deputies , bat which would be sent to all tue cantonal Governments . This dispatch has since appeared—we give the principal points of it : — If the Cabinet of St . James , in its dispatch toil . Morier , of thcUth rebruary , takes pains to present to the eves oi Switzerland a picture of the fatal consequences which would be entailed upoa b * rby theauuMlatton of the act by which she is constituted into a political body , recoonised by Europe , you win recall to mind that the same subject has been developed b y our Cabinet in more than one of the dispatches addressed by me during the course of late years to our ligation in Switzerland , _especially in that of the 2 Tth February , 1811 , and you will feel that late events , so far from changing or modifying the opinion tbat we

      ever entertained , have hut served to confirm it . In fact , the greater tin : chances of seeing nullified the act of _isk , and according as they multiply , the more does it become evident to all sound minds that the cessation of the Act of Union between the twenty-two sovereign cantons of Switzerland will be in the interior of the Confederation the agnal of civil -war , of anarchy and oppression : _icaHe , as regards foreign rehlions , it wiU break ttose fMe * under _afc i _* _tow _twadyiwo states occupy their actaal position in Vie gnal _harepeaiifamiht .

      _Ms-rn-nxicn then denounces the "free corps" in ao measured terms , remarking that anv Government that would tolerate and connive at the acts of anv _suenioi-ce intliinits tcrritorv would be " worthy of _*™ 9 W to tlte ban of Hie opinion of civilised Euro }> e . " ine disorder arising from such a cause , he adds . must be _^ uin aid to , and extirpated lv the root . " _** _uowingthis wehave some fudge about ' the friendat , P , _riT e " _&*>*¦ P ° wers" _& r Switzerland , and the _aspatth concludes in the following insulting terms . — _g _^^ _' _^ i _^ tObe seiaihow _far the delegates of the _«/•* , _-tT _? _lCW _^ lai 0 W ' _it' _* , " t 0 Seci « 'e their country from _SS ? _* ** _* _mdtarWiB _^ aV / nvcd t 0 tla prepare for _^ slnxtire passions of the day must inevitably _bassalS _***?**& state that the Prussian _ani-Sdw « _f- Cllvcred a " note" f " > his govcrn-Thed _ew _& f . _^ _-anations as to the free corps . t » _X _^ " E 0 te" have not vet reached this

      _^ _fiSfto _? _" JaSBa S tuese articlea ou _-fo-agn opinions a « st _^ LT _*? to _S" _" prominence to our own _moK f , u A _^ the pith and spirit of all _doeuto _^ _Sn ii _r er eviden _«« _^ ieh we may beab _' _a sent * wX _£ fl v > lt ; h this view we shall here pre-SL 3 S _7 _V _* , the comments excited in _wenfe bj _^ _PPearanee of the above _docuif v _* _fcR _? k- _¥ _"te _»* rBy _fte _ConservannTbv _rtf _^* to > Te beea favourably received , ana by the Radicals with cold indifference . The

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      tone of the English Minister ' s communication appears to have excited far less umbrage than that of AL GmzoT . On the other hand , the note of M . Guizot excited a storm of hostile feeling which is not yet allayed . Lithe Diet , this " note" was the subject of fierce animadversion . M . _"VVieiiAhd , of Argovia , denounced the " note" as a "foreign menace . " M . Keen , of Thurgovia , characterised M . Gvizot ' s language as " offensive to the national feelings . " M . _Deuev , of the Canton de Vaud , indulged in bitter recriminations , and pronounced M . Guizot ' s despatch to be "an unjustifiable and insulting intervention . " Finally , M . Neuhaus , of Berne , treated at considerable length the question of

      a diplomatic intervention in the affairs of the Confederation , and took occasion to criticise the note of M . Guizot , which he described as insulting in its form and feeble in point of argument . " That note , " exclaimed AI , Nbdhacs , " was intended to intimidate the Confederation , but it will not have that effect . Switzerland does not require the guarantee of the treaty of Vienna to be free . A nation may lose its political existence in two ways—by domestic dissonsions , or foreign invasion . In 1839 Switzerland remained nineteen days without chiefs or vorort , in consequence of internal disturbances , and the foreign Powers were not alarmed by that state of things . Thc civil war which desolated Spain during many years did not derange the nolitical balance of Eurone .

      Switzerland is better able in 1845 to defend her independence than ia ISM ; and if she be doomed to perish in an unequal contest , it will be with honour . Prance has not fulfilled her international obligations ; the free corps have not violated her territory , and it ill becomes her to hold such language as that contained in AL Guizot ' s note . " AI . Neuhaus concluded by calling on M . _Moussos , the President , to account for the answer he had returned to AI . Guizot ' s communication . The President replied , " that no body carried national susceptibility farther than he did , but he did not imagine that it should prompt him to compromise the relations of thc Confederation with friendly powers , by mistaking the intention that dictated the advice conveyed in their communications . " He added , that " he had addressed a despatch to the Swiss Charg 6 d'Affaires , at Paris , in _renlv to AI . Guizot ' s note , containinsr a vindication of

      the rights of Switzerland as an independent power . " The " note" from the Austrian Government was not made publie until after the adjournment of the Diet , otherwise there can bono doubtthatit would have elicited from the Liberal deputies denunciations as bitter as those directed against AL Guizot . One thing is certain , that in the country at large it has added to the previous excitement produced by AL Guizot ' s note . The men who enjoy the confidence of the nation , such as AL Neuhaus of Berne , AL Wtelaxb of Argau , and AL _Dbuet of Lausanne , are exerting all their influence to restrain the masses , who are exasperated by this intervention to such a degree that on many points it is impossible to prevent the expression of their hjtter discontent : so that all the steps taken by the " great powers" to prevent , as they say , the popular outbreak , have only served to accelerate it , adainjr fuel to the flame .

      It will be observed that throughout the despatches of theBritish , French , and Austrian Governments , the subjects * inimadvei _* ted on , are , the " free corps , " and the suspected design of the Radicals to change the Federal compact . Nothing is said about the Jesuits , though but for them thc "free corps" would have lad no existence . Had the Diet voted the expulsion ofthe Jesuits , the "free corps" would have become self-dissolved , whereas now their existence is continued , and their strength daily increases . We think that the " great powers" would have acted much more wisely and justly had thev refrained

      from all interference ; but if they must need interfere , and if they were really anxious for the welfare , and desirous of preserving the peace of Switzerland , common sense and common justice would have dictated that their interference should have "been in the shape of friendly remonstrance and counsel to Lucerne , to bow to the wishes ofthe majority of tho Swiss , by rescinding the decree for the recall of the Jesuits . Such a course might have been productive of th § projftQtiea ° f ?? f _^ . an * " ! goodwill , -whereas , as has been above shown , the course really pursued _llki but added increased fury to the previous excitement , and brought the country to the verse of civil war .

      Most of the French , and nearly all the English newspapers are furious at the existence of the " fi * e corps . " The London Globe says : — "There is no more reason why the "hot-headed _' partisans of liberty , as it is called , should form themselves into armed bands in Switzerland , than that the worthies of the fauxbourgs of St . Alarcel and St . Antoine , in Paris , should organise themselves in troops , and march , armed , tothe Chamber of Deputies , to tell the membershowto vote . " Now , we think if the Swiss " free corps" have oidy as good reasons as " the worthies of the fauxbourgs of St . Alarcel and St . Antoine _[ i . e ., the working men of Paris ) would have , should they organise themselves aiu \ march armed to the Chamber of Deputies to dictate justice to that gang of nrivUeccd " scoundrels , thev have verv sood reasons

      Indeed . The working men of Paris have repeatedly poured out their blood like water for the cause of liberty ; they have seen their fathers and brothers "hewed down in masses , " while combatting for the rights of man ; and they have seen all these sacrifices rendered fruitless , andof no avail for the many , because of the machinations , chicaneries , and treacheries of this rascally Chamber of Deputies , and other knaves such as that Chamber is composed of . Therefore it is that , for our parts , we deplore the fact that the working men of Paris ave just now not in a position to organise , arm , march , and dictate . Another 31 st of May , making a cleaner sweep than in 1793 , is sadly wanted in that country . Let us add , thatthesight of such a sweeping would not break our hearts if seen in a certain legislative " Chamber " much nearer home .

      We are not about to discuss the policy of the existence of sueh a _bodj aa the " free corps ; " that is the business of the Swiss people , not ours . The Diet has declared the existence of this force to be incompatible with the sense and aim of the Federal compact ; hut without the power to carry _% _& _^ _aeCmration to its legitimate eoaclusion , the Diet ' s resolution of course remains a dead letter . The free Swiss are armed as all free , men should be , vrluistthcuse of arms continues ; they have recourse to an armed organisation to settle their differences : tliis maybe deplored by other nations , but does not justify the interference of those nations . Suppose a similar state of things in Franco or England ; would the French and English press he so ready to sanction thc

      interference of other nations ? Suppose the armed sections" of Paris revived ; suppose those " sections " wore _tofavour _theswindlinglegislator-of thc " Cham .-ber" with a second edition of the 31 st Atay , would that justify the interference of England ? Would the French submit to it ? Suppose the unrepresented , the legally and secially enMaved working classes of this country were to arm , as they have the right to do—to organise , as they may do—to march , as they might do—an < J to dictate justice to the wrong-doing , right-forgetting legislature of St . Stephen ' s , would Englishmen submit to be interfered with by the despotic Governments of other states , because then * proceedings were distasteful to those Governments ? But it is said that the Swiss contemplate a change in their general government ; tliat the _Radicals are bent upon establishing a Democratic Republic " one and

      mdivisihle . Well , does that justify the inter ference of other nations ? With what consistency can France meddle with the Swiss , after her twenty-five years ' war , begun in resisting the interference of other nations with her affairs ? And why should England interfere ? Is not our " national " debt" and grinding _taxationsufiieientrefa'ibutionforourformerwarsofin terveation , _without adding to the weightof those curses by a _fiirthermeddUngiucontinentulaquahhles ? But suppose a democratic revolution in this country—an event not altogether beyond the range of human probabilities—would Englishmen submit to be dictated to hy the despots of other countries as to what form of Goveninient they should have , and what institutions they should establish ? No ; as one man the English people would resent and resist such interference : en masse thev would rather a thousand

      tunes over " Cry havoc . * and let slip the dogs of war !" than submit for a moment to such insolent and infamous dictation . The British Alinister says that the destruction of the Swiss compact would lead to the necessity of reconstituting the Helvetic body under some other form , " which , in order to obtain legal position in the general political system in Europe , would require thc formal assent of tlte powers whicli took part in the act of November 29 , 1815 . " And he adds— "So difficult a result as tliat of the recognition by the rest _ofEurope of a nciv Switzerland could not be obtained but _tlirough complications 2 > robably prejudicial to the dearest interests of the cantons , and ivhieh would necessarily involve the intervention . of the foreign powers . " So that , according to Lord Abehdeex , Switzerland holds

      her existence as a nation at the mercy of other , because more powerful , states . Does Britain exist bysufforaaee ? Knot , why should Switzerland ? The independence of the latter is , as a truth and a fact , as sacred as that of the former ; and morally Switzerland is no more bound to adhere to the compact of 1815 , than England was _^ bound to adhere to the rotten-borough system , which in this country existed atthatpcri 8 d , and was declared to be "the perfection of human wisdom , " but vfhichvras nevertheless overthrown by the Reform Bill _Revolutionjof 1832 . Switzerland is a nation sovereign and independent , and in the name of the too-eften outraged rights of man , in the name ofthe true interests ofthe people of this country , we protest against the despotic and insolent interference of the British Government with the afiairs of the Helvetic Confederation .

      ; _" / 3 r Since the above article was written , we have received a copy of the reply of AL _AIoussou , the President of the Diet , to AL Guizot ' s despatch . The reply is able and dignified , and shall appear in this paper next week . We are sorry to add that , from the news received in Paris on Tuesday , it is to be feared that the civil war has "begun .

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      It is stated that the " free corps" commenced their movement on the 29 th ult . In the eveninsr of that day the volunteers of Basle country seized on two pieces of artillery and a certain quantity of ammunition in the arsenal of Leichthal , and proceeded to join the free corps of Argau . A report prevailed that Lucerne would be attacked on the 30 th . The volunteers of Soleure were to inarch forward on that day . The Radical committee , permanently sittingat Argau for the last fortnight , publicly enrolled the refugees from Lucerne and other cantons . In Argau , Berne , Soleure , and Basle country no obstacle had been opposed to the passage of the men enlisted in the

      free corps , who were easily recognised by the form of their hats and their arms , which they conveyed on cars . The Constitutionnel quotes a letter from Argau of the 28 th ult ., stating that the movement against Lucerne was to commence in the night ofthe 30 th ult . Tho Commander-in-Chief of the troops of Lucerne , General Sonnenberg , had disappeared , and was said to have joined the malcontents . Other desertions had taken place from the forces of that canton . We must reserve further details till next week . Should any later news of importance reach us this week , it will be given in our fiitst page under the head of " Foreign Intelligence . "

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      Field-Garden Operations,.For Tlte Week C...

      FIELD-GARDEN OPERATIONS , . For tlte Week commencing Monday , April 8 th , 1844 . [ Extracted from a Diakt of Actual Operations on five small farms on the estates of Mrs . Davies Gilbert , near Eastbourne , in Sussex ; and on several model farms on the estates of the Earl of Dartmouth at Slaithwaite , ia Yorkshire , published by Mr . Nowell , of Farnley Tyas , near Huddersfield , in order to guide other possessors of field gardens , by showing them what labours ought to be undertaken on then * own lands . The farms selected as models are—First . Two school farms at WiUingdon and Eastdean , of

      five acreseach , conducted by G . Cruttenden and John Harris . Second . Two private farms , of five or six acres : one worked by Jesse Piper , the other by John Dumbrell—the former at Eastdean , the latter at Jevington—all of them within a few miles of Eastbourne . Third . An industrial school farm at Slaithwaite . Fourth . Several private model farms near the sameplace . _Theconsecutive operations in these reports will enable the curious reader to compare the climate and agricultural value of the south with the north of England . Tho Diart is aided by '' Notes and Observations " from tho pen of Air . Nowell , calculated for the tinio and season , which we subjoin .

      " With health of body , innocence of mind , and habits of industry , a poor man's child ought to have nothing to bo afraid of , nor his father or mother anything to he afraid of for him . "—Di : Foley . Note . —The school farms are cultivated by boys , who in return for three hours' teaching in the morning give three hours of their labour in the afternoon for tlic master ' s benefit , ivhieh renders the schools selfsupporting . We believe that at Farnly Tyas sixsevenths of the produce of the school farm will be assigned tothe boys , and one-seventh to the master , who will receive the usual school fees , help ihe boys to cultivate Uieir land , and teach them , in addition , to reading , writing , & c to convert their produce into bacon , by attending to pig-keeping , which at Christmas mag be divided , after paumo- vent and levy , amongst them in proportion to their services , and be made thus indirectly to reach their parents in a way the most grateful to their feelings . }

      SUSSEX , Monday— _Hillingdon School . Boys digging ground , and planting early potatoes . Eastdean School . Holyday for boys , master thrashing oats , and cutting straw Piper . Hoeing wheat ; for he says , if he allows himself to be idle now , he must not expect anything in harvest . DumbreU . Rolling rye grasB , putting tank Uquid to it , harrowing wheat , planting potatoes . Tuesday— WiUingdon School . Boys _planting early potatoes , digging ground . Ea . _sldWii School . Boys sowing oats , hoeing wheat , rolling peas and tares . Piper . _Koeiflg wheat , and in four or five months , says , he _tvill be reivardedfor it . Dumbrell . Drilling tares , harrowing wheat and fallow , rolling the latter , and sowing clover on the wheat .

      _Wedxesday—WiUingdon School . Boys planting potatoes as before . Eastdean School . Twelve boys emptying the tank , digging for , and sowing barley , sowing clover on the wheat , rolling it , and earthing up cabbages . Piper . Turning mixen , and putting tank liquid upon it . DumbreU , Sowing clover upon the wheat , and harrowing in , digging . Thursday— WiUingdon School . Boys digging , and planting early potatoes . Eastdean School . Boya digging , and planting potatoes , manuring them , solving barley , picking roots and stones . Piper . Digging , and getting the ground fine at top immediately , or it whTbe unkind in working , 2 W-

      brell . Spearing potatoes , hoeing wheat . Fbidat— WiUingdon School . Boys digging for , and planting'early potatoes . Eastdean School . Boys sowing barley , planting potatoes , removing from the lump , . inu assorting potatoes . Piper . Planting potatoes ; his cow draws thc manure , and he will "defy any farmer to shew one oettcr for her age . " Dumbrell . noeing wheat , heifer carrying dung and potatoes . Saturdat— WiUingdon School . Boys planting potatoes as before . Eastdean School . Boys clearing out pails , piggery , school room , and getting cow fodder for to-morrow * . Piper . Digging , dredging the grass . Dumbrell , Digging , heifer dredging grass .

      _VORKSniBE . Operations during the _tveek , SlaitJiwaite School . From twelve to sixteen boys occasionally at their afternoon labour . Digging , clodding , sowing , and harrowing oats . C , Varley , sowing oats , harrowing spring tares , and preparing . ground for turnips . James Bamford , forking over ground ior turnips , filling drains , mending roads . John , Bamford , spreading lime and ashes , sowing oats , and hilrrowing , sowing tare ? , preparing ground for turnips , spreading compost .

      COW-FEEDING . WiUingdon School . Cows eating white turnips , which have stood the winter , and clover hay . Dumbrell ' s . Cows stall fed as last report .

      NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS . _GrfStor Top-dressing . — -CK the chief fertilizing agency of coal ashes may be attributed to the small quantity of gypsum they contain , what good effects may not be derived by a large application of gypsum to the _soll ? j —In using gypsum , which ought to be applied to every variety of pod plants , from lucerne to the bean tribe , let it be scattered upon the moist plants , so that it may be partly absorbed by their leaves . It is found in their substance , and , therefore , must be necessary for them , as salt is required by an animal or lime by a bird . But because it may appear to you a poor

      tasteless thing , do not assume a conceit that it is inert and without virtue . It contains , mild as it may seem , nearly half its weight of the strongest oil of vitriol , whicli , when the gypsum is put into the ground , is -gradually let loose , and , seizing the ammonia it finds in the soil , converts it into a rich mess of food for plants ; while the lime , its other component part , is left behind to ameliorate the soil . Never be afraid of using a little gypsuni _. then , either as a top-dressing for herbage , or mixed with manure ; it will not be lost , but act a most important part in fertilization .

      TOP-DRESSING OF SOOT AXD SALT . — [ As a dog fed Oil jelly alone will die , so may plants fed on the richest manure , if the specific ingredients they require be not present . ] Soot containing salts of ammonia , must act beneficially . Salt is ever required both by annuals and vegetables . It may so happen , however , that the soil contains it in sufficient abundance . When cattle are well supplied with this condiment , it is received into the sou where they tramp over ; or near the sea coast , the salt water spray may saturate the soil to some distance with salt . In applying these dressings , or indeed any kind of fertilizing agent , you must estimate , from observation and inquiry , whether the soil may not already contain a sufficiency of it . Suppose that winter wheat may have been sufficiently boned , then an application of bones in phosphated tank liquid would be useless .

      DR . LVOX PLAYFAIR OX THE CHE . MISTKY OF VEGETATION . Dr . Lyon Playfair , F . G . S ., honorary member of and consulthig chemist to the Royal Agricultural Society of England , and honorary professor of Chemistry to the Royal Manchester Institution , delivered lately a course of six lectures on the Chemistry of vegetation , in the theatre of that institution . Thc lectures were illustrated by various diagrams , and by chemical experiments , and was listened to throughout with the greatest attention . After some general remarks on the light which science shed on the art . of culture , the lecturer observed that the farmer ' s fictitious elevation of practice above theory had long retarded those improvements wliich tlieir combination had effected in the progress of manufactures . The trite adage , that " an ounce of practice is worth a ton of theory , " fixed on the portals of agriculture , had acted like a gorgon ' s head on men of science , who wished to enter in order to unite

      their science to practice . Even the experience accumulated by practice during a long series of years , developed as it was by contingencies that might be local , or by circumstances of temporary duration , was at the best always vague and unsatisfactory , and failed to be of use , as soon as the conditions were altered which brought it into being . The colonists of Virginia grew wheat on the same soils for a hundred years ; and the Americans despised our systems of rotation and manure , and boasted in their successive crops of corn and tobacco . But what availed the art ofthe Virginian acquired by the experience of a century ? Or what , the knowledge handed down from father to son , to the inheritors ofthe tobacco fields of America *? For , in Virginia , wheat had ceased to grow ; and in many parts of America , tobacco now refused to flourish . Why were the fields in Virginia so long fertile ? Why were they now sterile ? What could restore them to fertility ? What was there in tobacco that so soon exhausted the soils

      Field-Garden Operations,.For Tlte Week C...

      in America ? By asking these questions , we left art , and threw ourselves on science . Our art and boasted experience could not solve ; for the conditions were changed * under _whichjthe practice was acquired . Take a casein the farmer ' s everyday-experience . He is obliged toleave his light sandy soil , on which he had earned on a successful system of manuring and rotation of crops , and was transferred to a heavy clay soil , where all his former experience was useless and his oldcherishedsystems invariably failed . He was compelled to go to thc temple of science , and consult the oracle within as to the cause of his failure . His practice at fault , he was at last obliged , however _unwillingly to become acquainted with the principles _uponVhich his practice depends . It was a vein * curious thintr

      that the farmers were obliged to acknowledge they could proceed no further ; but still , however unwilling , they were obliged to acknowledge the failure of their experience , and it was curious to see the mystical views they took as to the cause of that failure " . An agi-icultur . il chemist had lectured here a short time ago ; and , after his lectures , a farmer told him he had a field which refused to grow wheat , and he wished this gentleman to examine it . He did so , and found , as he expected , from the system , of cropping and manuring , that onc ingredient , phosphoric acid , had become quite exhausted , and wheat could not , of course , grow . But the farmer was not content with this explanation ; and , rather than acknowledge that his practice was in errorhe determined to get some

      , metaphysical aud distant explanation , and said , "All I can say is , that the field lias grown nowt since it was struck with lightning . " Now , chemists were always met with some opposition to their rational views , by the prejudices which still existed amongst the farmers , although they were rapidlv vanishing . The lecturer next dwelt on the infinite care displayed by nature in the construction and protection of seeds . Some were surrounded with a hard , scaly armour of flint , as in the seeds of corn ; some have thick coats , such as beans and peas ; others arc protected by hard shells , and placed in the midst of a pulpy , fleshy covering , destined as manure for the seed , such as the peach . In all , the greatest care was taken to protect the seed from injury , until the period of

      germination . 'Ihrec parts were distinguished in all seeds—1 st , the cotyledon , which forms much the largest portion of the kernel , and wliich is , in fact , the magazine of food for the young plant ; 2 d , the plumvXe , plume or gemmate , which is the young embryo that is atterwards to become the stem of the plant ; 3 rd , the radicle , ov part wliich is to become the roots . In the common garden bean , the cotyledon is divided into two portions , called lobes ; the plumule or embryo stem is tho small white point observed at the upper part of the division or lobes , and the radicle is the curved white cone which is found at the base . The most frequent form in seeds was two cotyledons , * but in seeds , for example the grasses , in which the food is only in one' cotyledon ,

      and in other seeds , there were many compartments for the primary food . Consequently , botanists divided plants into two great divisions ; those having the food of the embryo , stored in one magazinethe monocotyledonous plants ; and those having two or more compartments — the dicolytedonous , or polycotyledonous plants . These two" classes possess capital differences . As soon as those essential batts of a seed , the plumule , radicle , and cotyledon , are formed , it loses all activity , and life apparently becomes suspended , until called forth fbr the purposes of reproduction . Under favourable circumstances , seeds may be kept for a very long time in this inactive state . He had himself seen , in All * . _Aliles ' s garden , at Bristol , wheat growing , the

      seeds of which had been found in a mummy . Pliny states a case where he had known wheat to grow after 100 years ; and Home mentions an instance in which rye grew after HO years . Coffee beans are the seeds which most easily lose their suspended vitality ; for they refuse to grow , unless planted immediately after being taken from the bush . Decan _Dolle states , that the seeds most difficult to preserve are those containing much oil . But expose a seed to thc combined influence of light , air , and moisture , and the suspended vitality becomes active , The embryo plant feeds upon the nutriment in the cotyledon ; the radicle protrudes from the seed , descends into the _groind , and forms roots ; and the little plumule ascends , and forms a stem , and the cotyledon

      shrivels up aud disappears . The little plant now feeds itself from the air and the soil , and grows apace . The stem increases in height , and throws out branches and leaves , and the roots diverge in search of food . It was long a question of dispute to what force tho forai of a tree was owing . Some philosophers said the roots descended into the earth because they loved moisture , and the stem ascended because it loved the air . But Detrochet showed this was not the case ; for he took a box , and bored holes in the bottom of it , placing beans over each hole , and some moist earth on the top of the bean . Thc roots should have grown up into the moist earth , and the stems downwards into the air , if that opinion had been correct . But this was not the case : for

      the radicles went downwards into the air , arid the stems ascended into the earth , and in a short time they shrivelled away and died . Be thc force , then , what it may , roots have a natural tendency to descend , and the stems to ascend . That this has some intimate connection with gravitation , Kni g ht has shown by his beautiful experiment . Mv . Knight arranged wheels , driven by water , in such a way that he could either drive them horizontally or vertioally , and regulate their speed . He then planted beans on the rim ofthe wheel , in conditions favourable to growth , and then set liis wheels in motion . The effect of tli _^ was , that , when the wheel attained a _certain . jW ree of speed , whioh , in the cAso ofthe wheel In question , was _m _rotfttioiis In a minutea new force came into

      , operation— -the centrifugal force—and overcame that of gravitation . The roots , instead of descending , obeyed this new force , growing outwards , forming , in fact , prolongations of the radii of the wheel ; while tho stems took the opposite direction , until they came in contact with the axis . But when the wheel revolved less rapidly , so that the force of gravitation was not overcome , but merely modified , the radicles pointed downwards , about ten degrees from the horizon , and the plumules pointed upwards at the same angle , and the inclination was greater or less , according as the wheel revolved more or less vapidly . By this , capital experiment , Mr . Knight proved that the descent of the roots into the soil is essentially connected with gravitation . Botanists then

      considered that the lateral branches were due to tho same cause ; their natural tendency being to proceed upwards , but gravitation pulling them downwards . To a certain degree only , is this correct . Parasites do not obey the law ot the earth's attraction ; for they always grow at right angles to the plant to which they are attached , whether that be upwards , downwards , or laterally . Now , branches given off from the stem may be considered parasites , which would grow at right angles from the stem , horizontally ; but they aro also influenced by the upwards direction , so that they grow upwards and outwards , and to a certain extent also by attraction , so that their direction is varied . The directions of the stem and leaves , in faot all the green parts , are much influenced by _liuht .

      wliich is therefore one great cause of their upward direction , as shown even in the case of a root : when its tip becomes green it grows upwards like a branch ; and a stem , put under the ground away from light , grows downwards like a root . Similar love for light is seen in the leaf : the upper part of a leaf is deeper green than the lower surface , and bonds upwards to the sky ; while the latter is directed to tne earth . In some cases , both thc upper and under surfaces of the leaf are equally green , and then its edges point to the shy . This was strikingly seen in the plant called bent grass . It had its rough or unpolished side upwards , and its beautiful smooth green side downwards , and it twisted up its leaves to the sun , so that the polished side should turn upwards to thc light .

      Buddino the Vine . — About the first week in March savs a writer in the Gardener ' s Chronicle , I perform the operation , or as soon as I perceive the sap to rise . . 1 cut from a Victoria Grape an eye about three inches in length , having attached as much wood as I could possibly get with it : at each end of the eye I cut off about a quarter of an inch of the upper bark , making the ends quite thin . I next _meaavire off the exact length of the bud on the base ot tho vine intended to be budded , and make a thick _shuiting upward at the upper part , and another slanting downwards at the bottom . I then take the piece neatly out , so that the bud may nicely fit in , and by making the nick as stated above , each end ofthe bud is covered by the bark of the shoot . I

      bind the buds firmly round with matting , and clay it , taking care , however , that the clay does not cover the eye of the bud . I then tie it round with moss , and keep it constantly damp ; and as the sap rises in the vine the bud begins to swell . When the vine commences to push out young shoots , take the top ones off , in order to throw a little more sap into the bud , and as you perceive it getting stronger , take off more shoots , and so continue until you have taken off nil the young shoots . B udding can only be performed where the long-rod system is practised , as in that case you have the power of confining the sap to the bud , which will grow vigorously . As soon as you perceive this _, cut the vine down to the bud . Budding lias the advantage over grafting , by not leaving an unsightly " appearance where the bud was inserted . A bud likewise grows more luxuriantly . I have seen a bud make a shoot fully thirty feet in length , with a

      beautiful bunch of grapes at the base in the first season ; whereas a friend of mine bought a plant ar . d _n-ew it for two years before he obtained a fruit from it ; and even then his vine was not equal to the bud . I have budded many vines in the same manner , and have always found them answer the end . I always allow thc matting to remain on until about the month of September , -when I take it off , and I have always found the bud perfectly united ; and without minutely examining the plant the work is imperceptible . _Iniurestwo Questions for the Fabmeb . —Howmany curious questions are suggested by such observations as the following ? Some varieties of wheat are better suited for the pastrycook ; others for the baker of bread . Some samples of barley refuse to melt m the * | s of tIie jj rewei , and distiller ; and some yield more brandy ; while others lay on more fat . The Scottish ploughman refuses bog oats for his _bl'OSC-meal _, or for his oaten cake , because they

      Field-Garden Operations,.For Tlte Week C...

      make it tough ; and thc cotter's family prefer Angus oats for their porridge-meal , because they swell , and become bulky and consistent in the pot , and go further in feeding the children at the same cost . The pea sometimes refuses to boil soft ; and the potato , on some soils and with some manures , persists In growing waxy . If Swedish turnips sell at thirty shillings a ton , as in large towns they often do , yellow turnips will bring only about twenty-five , and white globes eighteen ; while all varieties cease to feed well

      as soon as a second growth , commences . \\ hat is the cause of such differences as these ? How do they arise ? Can they be controlled ? Can we , by cultivation , remove them ? Can we raise produce of this or that quality at our pleasure ? Such questions , constantly arising , have led to extended analyses of the food consumed both by cattle _and by man ; and from these analyse ; - '—still far from being completemost curious , most interesting , and most practically important results have already been obtained .- — Edinburgh Review .

      Dr. Grandison's Nervous Rills V Recoilmended Bt Eminent To\-J5icu*'' S.

      DR . GRANDISON'S NERVOUS riLLS _RECOilMENDED BT EMINENT TO \ _-j 5 ICU _* _' ' s .

      Singular Railway Accident—On Sunday last , as the pilot engine wis proceeding towards Loughborough , and when j ust beyond the _Bavi'ow station , a hawk , attempting to cross the line at the moment , was knocked down by the engine . On returning from Loughborough , the hawk was found on thc spot with its head cut completely off , and a snipe , in its mouth , wliich , from thc wounds at thc back of the head , had evidently been killed by the hawk , and being too heavy prevented the hawk ' s flying with its wonted rapidity , and thus was tho cause of its death also .

      Hurricane at Edixbuiigii . —The rapid fall ot the barometer on Thursday forenoon gave indication of a change in the weather ; and , accordingly , in thc afternoon the wind from the west began to increase iu power , and in the evening blew with great fury , accompanied with rain . During the night it assumed all the characteristics of a hurricane , blowing in so heavy gusts that even the most substantial houses shook under its pressure . Many chimney cans were thrown down , and broken tiles and slates strewed tho streets . It continued its fury all Friday forenoon but about two o ' clock it began to abate , though the wind continued loud and high , and in tho evening it had entirely subsided . We have witnessed nothing like it in fury and power since thc memorable storm of January , 1839 , which caused so much destruction

      of shipping and loss of life at Liverpool and on the west coast of England . Considerable damage must have been occasioned to the shipping on the east , and more particularly on tlic west const , although we have not as yet heard of any more serious consequences having resulted in our own immediate neighbourhood than the temporary interruption of the communication between the north and south sides of the Frith . The intercourse between the two shores was entirely suspended during the early part of Wednesday , and it was not till half-past eleven o ' clock that the first steamboat from Granton pier was enabled to sail with the mail for the north , which is usually carried across at a quarter-past five in the morning , being a stoppage of upwards of six hours . The Defiance coach , which usually crosses at nine o ' clock , was also detained till the same time . A detention of the mails also took place on thc north

      side of the Frith . That from the north by Perth and Queensferry , due hero ( Edinburgh ) at half-post five o ' clock in the morning , did not reach the postoffice tUl half-past one ; and the mail to Inverness by Qucensferry would also probably be detained till the forenoon . Thc Aberdeen mail , which comes through Fife , and is ducat the post-office at half-past four o'clock , did not arrive till twenty-five minutes past seven last night ( Friday ) . The Queen steam packet , from the stone-pier at Newhavcn to Kirkaldy , whicli usually sails in the morning , did not sail till two o ' clock in the afternoon ; and there was no arrival from Kirkaldy till half-past three . The steamer from Largs had not arrived at a late hour in thc afternoon . A steam-packet , supposed to be the Ardincaple from Berwick , which place she would leave about eight o ' clock on Wednesday morning , took shelter under thc lee of Inchkcith .

      Surveyons Of Highways, Leeds.—The Charti...

      SuRVEYons of Highways , Leeds . —The Chartists of Leeds have elected the following persons surveyors of highways for the ensuing year : —Wm . Brook , teadealer , Kirkgate , * George Robson , butcher , Merrionstreet , * George Wood , butcher , Shambles ; George Bramham , flour-dealer , West-street ; Josh . Hewitt , shoemaker , Chapel-yard , York-street ; John Shaw , fishmenger _, Plain-street ; Henry Morley , iunkeepar _, Back-row . Campfield ; John Barrett , hatter , Kirkgate ; James Thornton , boot-maker , Green-row , Mabgatc ; Edward Blundell , general dealer , Weststreet ; John White , plasterer , Busfiold-stveet , Leylands : Samuel Bahnforth , painter , Wingham-sticet , Roundhay-road ; Thomas Clarkson , shoe-dealer , Central-market ; Charles Watenvorth , hairdresser , Yorkstreet * , John Airey , innkeeper , Briggate ; "Nicholas Dunn , poulterer , Hope-street ; William Roberts , slice-dealer , "Upper Cross-street , Bank ; Samuel Boothman , bricklayer , Accommodation-place ; Wm . Lonsdale , tailor , MiU-strcet .

      Ad00712

      Bx perseverance m s pomunr remedy , the trembling hand may " become Ste _*»^ * ie weak heaxt strong , and nervous irritahlM _* _^ ( often the precursor of insanity ) _maj * be _jii-rest'iei . It has secured refreshing sleep ( without _cprtaltun _& one particle of opiate * to those who have " been denied that blessing for years , and conquered the most obstinate costiveness and indigestion . It strengthens the stomach , purifies the blood , and restores the spirits , ensuring vigour pf both hoay and mind . CAcrroff . —The success of this Medicine , for every weakness or derangement ofthe nervous system , having caused imitations , the Public arc informed that the words "Dr . Grandison ' s PiUs" arc engraved in the Government Stamp , and cannot he imitated , as tbey form a part of the Stamp itself .

      Ad00713

      T HE truly-wonderful Cures of Asthma and Consuro > tion , Coughs , Colds , Sic , which are everywhere performed by DR . LOCOCK'S PULMONIC WAFERS have long established them as the most certain , perfect , and speedy remedy in existence for all disorders of the breath and lungs . It is not possible in the limits of this notice to give any great number of the immense mass of testimonials which are constantly received by the proprietors . The following will , however , be read with interest : —

      Fflavm Wmmitt7

      fflavM _wMmitt _7

      Losdox Conx Exchange, Mo.Ndav, March 31....

      Losdox Conx Exchange , Mo . _ndav , March 31 . — The arrivals of English wheat and Irish oats were veiy liberal during the past week , and ofthe lastnamed article fair supplies came to hand from our own coast ; but onlv a small quantity was received from Scotland . Of ' barley the total receipts were good for the time of year , and the arrivals of beans and peaa were about ' the same as usual . At this morning ' s market there was a fair show of wheat by landcarriage samples from the home counties , quite an average display of barley samples , and a moderately good sprinkle of beans and peas . Thc receipts of oats since the close of the week Jia ve not been particularly large , but an immense quantity having been I ft over ,

      there was a very Aill market . Tiie weather haa been extremely fine throughout last week , and out-door operations have been rapidly proceeded with . The demand for wheat was very slow this morning , and only the best qualities realised thc terms of Monday last ; many ot the ordinary runs remaining unsold at the close of business , though offered at a trifling abatement . The operations in foreign free wheat wore quite ou a , ve . t < ul scale , and quotations remained nominally unaltered . In bond nothing whatever was done . Flour hung heavily on hand , and ship samples were certainly easier to buy than on this day se ' nnight . The quantity of barley offering proved * more than equal to the demand , and except for choice

      _maltineparcels last Monday ' s currency was barely supported . Malt also hung on hand , but was not generally quoted lower . The principal dealers did not purchase oats frcclv , being _dissatislied with the concessions hitherto made by factors ; still a fair extent of business was on the whole done . English and Scotch oats were held at nearly former prices , and Irish were not more than Cd . to ls . per qr . cheaper . Beans were saleable in retail at former rates , and peas likewise maintained their previous value . Though the weather has lately been auspicious for sowing elovcrseed , this article has by no means improved in value . Canaryseed was more saleable this morning at previous terms . Tares were difficult of disposal .

      CURRENT TRICES OF GRAIN , PER IMPERIAL QUARTER . —British . s s a a ¦ Wheat , Essex , Si Kent , new & old red 4 * 2 49 White 50 55 Nor folk and Lincoln . ... do 43 47 Ditto 49 5 L Northum . and Scotch white 42 47 Fine 49 53 Irish red old 0 0 Red 42 44 White « 6 40 Rye Old Si 32 "New 30 32 Brank 35 35 Barley Grinding . . 26 28 Distil . 29 31 Malt . 32 38 Malt Brown .... 54 50 Pale 57 81 Ware 62 64 Beans Ticks old & new 30 3 S Harrow 32 37 Pigeon 38 40 Peas Grev 32 S 3 Maple 38 34 White 36 33 Oats Lineolns Si Yorkshire Feed 21 23 Poland 23 25 . Scotch Angus 22 24 Potato 24 28 Irish White 20 22 Mack 20 21 Per 2801 b . net . s s Per 2801 h . net . s s Town-made Flour ... 42 44 Nerfolfe Si Stockton 33 34 Essex and Kent .... 34 36 Irish 35 36 Free . Bond

      Foreign . s s s s Wheat , Dantsic , Konigsbiirg _, & C 53 58 36 38 Harks , Mecklenburg 48 52 32 34 Danish , Holsteiu , and Friesland red 44 4 ( 1 26 28 llussian , Hard 44 46 Soft ... 44 47 26 28 Italian , Red . . 46 4 S White ... 50 52 28 32 Spanish , Hard . 46 48 Soft .... 48 50 28 32 Itye , Baltic , Dried , ... 30 31 Undrlcd . . 39 32 21 22 Barlev , Grinding . 26 27 Malting . . 32 33 20 28 Beans , Ticks . . 30 32 Egyptian . 32 33 24 28 Peas , White . . 3 G 88 Mapl * . . 32 34 28 30 Oats , Dutch , Brew and Thick 24 25 IV 21 Russian feed , 21 22 15 16 — -Danish , Friesland feed 21 23 15 17 Flour , per barrel 24 26 19 20

      Loxnox Smiwifield Cattle _Mauket _, _Mosday , March 31 . —Compared with those of several previous weeks , the imports of live stock for our market since Monday last have been somewhat limited , they not having * exceeded thirt . v-seven oxou and twelve cows , aU from Holland . The number on sale this moming consisted of only fifteen oxen and cows , but the whole of tliem were of full average quality ; indeed , we may observe , that scarcely any of them were out of condition . The demand for them ruled steady , at prices varying from £ 14 10 s . to £ 18 10 s . per head , at which figures the whole found buyers . The supply of beasts derived from our own grazing counties was less by nearly 300 than that exhibited on this day se ' nnight , and we are happy to observe that the _descrintion of stock was less affected with the so long

      complained of epidemic than was the case on that day . Still , several losses have again occurred on the roads . On the whole , there was a slight _hnpvoYe ment in the demand for the primest Scots and homebreds , which sold at from 3 s . lOd . to 4 s . per Sib . ; but all other breeds were extremely Inactive , at barely lato rates ; while a generalclearance was not effected . Thc bullock drovesi-r om Norfolk , Suffolk , Essex , and Cambridgeshire , were composed of 1800 Scots and homebreds . From the northern grazing districts we received about 200 shorthorns ; from the western and midland counties , 400 Devons , _runta , Herefords _, & c . ; from other parts of England , 200 of various breeds : aud from Scotland 110 horned and polled

      Scots . The numbers of sheep were somewhat on the increase , particularly those out of the wool . Prim _^ old Downs mostly sold , at previous currencies * _" " 1 all other breeds had a . downward _ten _*^ _^ portion ot the Kents & w [ jjeicegtM 8 were in demand . From the lsl * * Nyigllfc we received 135 lambs per rfl _' . _^ ay ; while thc receipts from Essex , Kent , Hampshire , and other quarters , were seasonably good . The lamb trade was rather inactive at Friday ' s reduced currencies . The supply of calves was small , yet the veal trade ruled heavy at a declino of from 2 d . to 4 d . per 81 b . on last Monday ' s figures . The pork trade was _yery dull , and the prices were 2 d . per 81 b . lower ,

      By the quantities of 8 lb ., sinking the offal . s , d , s , d , Inferior coarse beasts , . . 2 6 2 8 Second quality . .... 2 10 3 4 Prime large oxen .... 3 6 3 8 Prime Scots , Sic 3 10 4 0 Coarse inferior sheep 2 10 3 2 Second quality . . . . 3 4 3 8 Prime coarse woolled . . . 3 10 4 0 Lambs 4 8 5 10 Prime Southdown ( out of the wool ; 3 8 3 10 Ditto ( in the wool ) . . . 4 2 4 4 Large coarse calves .... 3 8 4 2 Prime small 4 4 4 8 Suckling calves , each . , . 18 0 30 0 large hogs . _, _, . , 3 0 3 S Kent small porkers ... 3 8 4 2 Quarter-old store pigs , each . . 16 0 20 O

      nEAD OF CATTIE O . V SALE . ( From thc Books of the Clerk of the Market . ) Beasts , 2 _, CG 0- Sheep and Lambs , 24 , 130—Calves , 61—"Tigs , 334 . _TticuMOKo Corn Market , Saturday , March 29 . — We only had a thin supply of _gi * ain in our market to-day . —Wheat sold from 6 s . to 6 s . Gd . ; oats 2 s . 5 d . to 3 s . 2 d . ; barley 3 s . 9 d . to 4 s . ; beans 4 s . 3 d . _to-is . 6 d . per bushel . Manchester Corn Maiiket , _Satubday , March 29 . —Throughout the week the trade , influenced by the favourable change in the weather and the' continued

      depression in the London market , has been of a most inactive character , the transactions in all articles having been on an exceedingly limited scale , without , however , any material alteration in prices . At our market this morning a Very languid inquiry waa experienced for all descriptions of wheat , and the advance reported on this day se ' nnight could not be realized . Flour was extremely difficult of sale , but we cannot note any reduction in value . "With a very trifling demand fbr oats , the turn of prices was in favour ofthe buyer . Oatmeal sold slowly , at about late rates . Beans werc in moderate request , and supported their previous value .

      Liverpool Corn- Market , _MoxniV , March 31 . —There has this week been a liberal supply of wheat , oats , and flour , from Ireland , and also of barley and malt from the English coast . The scale of duties on foreign grain remains withoutalterntion . Tuesday's market was dull for most articles ofthe trade , and previous quotations were barely supported . The demand for wheat has continued to be on a most limited scale , and on Friday two or three cargoes of Irish new were pressed for * sale from the ship at a decline of Id . to 2 d . per bushel ; good fair quality from Cork and Limerick sold at 6 s . Gd . per f 0 lbs . ; the best Irish was held for Cs . 10 d . to Cs . lid . per 'TO lbs , Foreign wheat has been in very moderate request . Oats have given way i > d . to Id . per bushel ; some good Irish , mealing quality , have been sold at 2 s . lid . per 45 lbs . The sale of either sack flour or oatmeal has been limited , and prices of each the turn lower . For feeding articles there has been very little inquiry , and the value of either barley , beans , or peas may be repeated as last quoted . No sales of bonded grain or flour are reported this week .

      Liverpool Cattle Market , Mo . vdat _" , March SI , —We have had a fair supply of all kinds of cattle at market to-da y , which met with dull sale . There was a numerous attendance of buyers . _BeefSid . to 5 | d ., mutton 61 d . to G _£ d . per lb . —Cattle imported into Liverpool , from thc 24 th to the 31 st March : —902 cows , 6 calves , 2 d 03 sheep , 130 Iambs , 7020 pigs , 31 horses . Malto . v Cork Market , March 29 . —Wehave a moderate supply of all grain offering to this day ' s market , wheat is . per qr . lower , barley and outs same as last week . Wheat ; red , 44 s . to ' 49 s ! of 40 st ; white ditto , 48 s . to 52 s . ; barley , 27 s . to 32 s . per qr . of 32 st . ; oats , 10 d . to lid . per stone . York Conx Market , March 29 . —We have had a short supply of all grain to to-day ' s market . 'Wheat met a dull sale , at rather lower prices . Barley , oats , and boans sold on much the same terms as last week .

      Leeds Cons Mmiket , Tuesday , _ArniL 1 . —We have now good supplies of articles of the trade this week , oats excepted ; wheat is only slow sale this morning , and prices must be quoted Is . per qr . lower than last week : to effect _siiles _> f fine barley ls . per qr . mustalso be submitted to , while inferior qualities of the latter are very difficult to move off at a similar , or even a greater decline . Beans , considering the supply , pretty well maintain their value . Oats are scarce and in request . Salford Cattle Market , March 26 , —There wag a good quantity of beasts and sheep to this day ' s market , and thc supply being greater than the demand , caused both beef and mutton to be purchased on lower terms than last week . A number ot beasts unsold .

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), April 5, 1845, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_05041845/page/7/