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Northern Star (1837-1852), 2nd December 1848, Edition 3 of 3, Page 3, Xtbitw*

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      Jjucembeb Z, Ira. The Northern »Tar, 3

      _jjucEMBEB z , _ira . THE NORTHERN » TAR , 3

      Mm

      mm

      -**- Thb Legionist. _U>To— H Of Cauuh* R...

      - _** - THB LEGIONIST . _ u > To— h of Cauuh * _RioPiiwttT . _Trt & _tlattJ *• _*•* _byDrBowanto .

      rTor tbe rig ht understanding of the following poem , It _Lcetiory to _premlte , that , after tha partltitn of Poi * - _* , a number of _Polsa determined it every risk te _ \ their way to the South of Europe , in order to Iain _f annies of Napoleon , to whom they looked u the _jLttofd deliverer of their country . Many of them . ached tbe army of Italy , and were known under the gill of ihe Pouth Ltgfonistt . They fought ia tbe Ger-Bi nw _« i , _»* _a _3 oIitiiguJihe 4 _thtmtelves in Egypt and Spain . DomhrotU wa their leader aud afterwards _i _ _ i historian , _whota _mtrnoira he bequeathed to the

      _-Mt-rsty _Soclsty of Warsaw . —One ol these young and riant _adrenturera it tbe _turj'ct of these verses . _GIorioas indeed bad it been for Napoleon , happy for Poland , _fcsppy tbs worllJ i _^ * hese brave and generous _enthngjtiis , instead of being used as the tools of a worthiest nd de _vastati _**** amMtlcn , bad bean employed a » _lely for ths aBfraneMttmtnt of their conntry , and far tht llbertjts of the world . At one period there were no lest than _gQOtO Poles in tht service of Buonaparte , all looking to ___ with the most ardent affecdea and devoted _taal]—• _Trttii _* lator . — - — O ' er the fair fi-lds of Italy a steed

      And a _joubs . melancholy rider speed ;—• . A family-group _obeervs the wanderer . Ha Mutt be a strongta _: ;— -Hospitality "With her kind voice , her smiling welcoming cheek , Thai bids tht father of tbe household speak _.

      THX _TTAXIAW . Touthnf the niy up and golden _treu ! _0 whither art thou drivtn by _reatletsatn ! Why wandering from thy native North af « r ! Say , what thy hopes , thy wants , thy _pataleni axel the ton . Saraatia fa my country ; aad that word Tells thee enough of misery . _Afitrcshorde _Hwelw-n my country ' s _spofltrs . I have sought The _atrasger _, —and my bloo _* , —a > y beiog broughtj © Aft drop . By Poland ! I would keep for the * _T-lovo , to rescue *—all _betid's to me 2 s blank Indifference . My aele heritage Ate these good waapeni . In hit feeble age _1 _Lfc sy father - —and he tent sat forth _Tojoin my faulehWd brethren of the North . _VThwe are they ! Speak *

      TBI 1 TAWAW . Fend youth 1 thy hopes bewray : Kittens , like men , but flourish and decay . Borne , too , wu mighty , and she htld In chains The subjugated world . What new remains ! She _sankfaraina ; time disperses all . So tbe fruits bloom , —they ripen , aad thty fall . tbx roll . B . me stood erect In fierce and iron strength ; Bu _; the sword broke , —tie chains woreoutatlength _, Oar iron waa the ploughshare , —and our gold The _ilpa e » rs _waYing in _tia _windi . Of old Onr steeds to labour and to wu were train'd

      Out tickles mowM the fidds , or victories _gola'd . We b ood where onr hsrolo fathers stood , Asd plough'd the land thty water'd with their blood ; We stack car swords and spears oar boundaries round ; And peace the brow of liberty had crowa'd : Thin come our tyrant-fort ; our _landt laid watte . And is the llfe-tidt of try conntry past ! An * is hsr death-knell sounded ? No ! No ! No ! The fires of freedom in our bosoms glow ; We watch the hour ;—we sleep not . —Rome ' s preud hairs Frll but they fall sot while one spark was tktdrt Of freedom . Bat wa ore not fAUen;—We _Seoar tht wide win , invoking Liberty ,

      THK iTAUABT . Oae sua tfluminss all the globe . Where ' er We love acd are beloved , onr country ' a there . Come , exile ! fix thee ht re . The orange-tree , Th ? _clire _, and tbe vine , oball bloom fer thee ; Ls ; down thy wearying arms . Near _tutu'd Roma Saie 'e is unmett to mourn tby land , —thy home . _tsi tax * . Por ns the sum is clouded;—no _ptrrama HI the _swiet _orasge fills out plains ; no Moom Of vines Is in onr valleys . Yet the breeze On _Corp-th ' s sides is tweeter for than these . The corn-fields waving like a _wind-recVd t * a 'Neath heaven ' s blue temp ' s , bending gracefully . Oar rzoaataint bear within their grardte breast The _war-repelling iron . 0 how blest In their green dills to dwell!—oom _»* red ta this All other Wits were bnt a worthless bliss .

      TBS ITtT . UK , Tet _s _« U the _spirif s higher , holier nut Seeks more refined snjojmentt—mutlc ' s art , — That bricga enchantmeat from the realms of song The wizard spirit bears the soul along To tbe bright age of gods and fable . Time Spares ia his flight the great and the sublime .

      tbx rots . We own , —we feel sweet art ' s bewitching spalls * Without It , Ufa In narrower limits dwslls . Tet < o my heart the voice of song la dumb _; That heart lies buried ia ray mother t tomb * Beneath her heavy grave-stone . Nought to me Bnt the harsh clarion's clang ia harmony ; That oaly caa awoke my mother ' s Bleep : That let me hear when sinking in the deep _SoU cava of long forgetfulneu . If e ' er Age thonld coll back the blighted wanderer To bis own boms ; how sweat beneath the shade Of the pale _llme-trte—snthe green turf laid —• To mingle with my eauntrj ' s Borrow , thought Of triumphs by her erjlsd children bought . Our cities are in ashes;—from tht block Oar youths ne ' er chisel'd gods ; yet on tht rock By the way . _tice our heroes' tombs we see , _UiteriEg their deeds to time and history .

      m IYJHAW . _Thoa £ _air-ho ! r * d youth 1 these tones , so sad aid stern , _Beecae not life ' s g » y spring . _Lttclinitataotirn , But thou , be joyful . Let thy _oouatry bt In God ' s high hand—the King of kings ithe ; But tho * , the black-eyed , _sweet-volced maiden take _. Forget thy griefs , thy gloomy thoughts fsmke : Round her thy children and thy home shall bloom , For all the world la love and virtue's home .

      rax J ? OW . Nay ! I have shed hot tears tor htr I love ; _Nosghtbut my country _ceuld oar hearts remove . Whenever I dose my pilgrimage , I'll bear To my old tdra my sword—my heart to bar , One common land boa bound us;—this our vow , — Freedom and Bnohargedisitb , '—I swear it now _. He spske , —the Ukrainian . Dittoes f met hit ear , Oa _thadarkhais the _Polith ranks appear j And like an arrow with his steed ht oped , While Boras ' * old bargher wondering bent his head .

      Xtbitw*

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      The Mtlory Of Ireland. By T. Wright, Mx,...

      The mtlory of Ireland . By T . Wright , MX , F . S . A ., 4 * . Put IV . _L-9 ndou : J . andF . TaUiB , 100 , St John Street . This part detail * the _hi-tery of Ireland from the latter end of tbo reign of King John to the latter end of tbe reign of Edward II . —a period ef aboat one hundred and fifteen yean . Oppression * . _InBtirreotiona , feuds , wan , _Msaasinatioiw , plnnderagB , and _shuahttrings , « em during this period tohm turned Ireland into one huge * field of blcdd / Asnsuai , the Irish appear to have been more intent upon enttmg each others throats than making any we _' 1-advised effjrt to redeem their conntry from foreign oppression . The fenda of the _Anglo-Norman , or ** erhaps it would he mora prop ** to -all them AngtoJnih

      barons , seeingthat Strongbaw * a brood had now become the settled born and bred occupiers of the soil , added to the miseries of the nnhappyeountry . The invasion of Edward Brace , brother of the famous Robot Brace , seems" to lure pnt the climax on the horrors of this period . The Scota _raraged the country with fire and stword , and women and ohildren , aa well aa men , ware _datroyed In _mastes . FamiM and _peslflanta completed the work left unfinished by war . During the three yean and a half of B-nce ' a power the famine mi bo _terrible—owin _« to the devastated state of the conntry—that , a _^ eording to tte native Irish chroni _" _lers . ' men did commonly eat one another for want of sustenance . ' The death of Edward Bruce , who wu "Slain in battle , pat aa end to the frightful enterprise

      Of _** _-JwS- » tti _* _dtiaTadere . _. .. * . _~ v Inthe wars of tha _Irith _wtb each other , the Engluh appear to ban acted on the i _** _£ _uno * _ai _jwh _** _Mbeequently employed with signal sneoees in India . In theftctionBand often treacherous waria *» eiehul ¦ against chief , and _ofrival _eompttitonfoiithe oae dignity , the En _** lu * h _* Mem _toluTe beeBin the habit ot _Bapmtini the party who waa most in ths _wroag , or notorfoMlya * _--Metender . ' Bnt the _¦**« . _# _«» derided _, the psrty who had received the rapport of toe Es _*^ wasnot long permittedtoreigii « _riae _* _a-MC lasted . _PreteitseonldneTerhewantuigto _?]** _" «• _« nsurper . andofoouree the usual » un " _utme _* w w » bi » _o fcrfeitara of _theooreted territory to the En _ m . Irish _prinesa _' _protected'hy the English were _£ « Wm _TuaatiL anrl r . _Vron ¦ trianed of _tilBlT titlea . and depmed

      of their _Urei . by their roteetor 8 . ' _Unnappita the Irish themselves afiorded their _enemiei _ererj facility lbr-a _* _TyiiigonttoiBiofam'Mak 7 * ' « _- ' Ia _***» . co B " e of the _handred and fifteen years _embnwed in _tois _pattof-ttehbtery , there appean to haTO oaea ont one attempt made to rally the Irish to a national ¦ to ggle for the expalaioa of the English from the island . One battle—tho celebrated battle ol JI _» in whieh Brian O'Neill , the chief of the _anU-English _eo-jfedeation _, wm _tlain-Hinfficed topntaneadto a _eimbkation whioh produced _retolti the opposite to _ftose iateaded by ita protttot * _tta . The _anbfequent wars of the Irish against tbi English were the mere aimless _strugglaa of tribe * . and faetiona . It waa « CiiB * t eaca other that tad _Irith praeipally tamed _tottrarmj , " , . . ff _» arettn _\ i _^ _Kwaid tto girit ' w « dea » _ByjKtlar Is « o _*« atb « - _* e «*• - *&*• »** " »• * _«** letter _attoehtaeat ofthe Valee to thslr eountry _midt _taaMttnu _-motuaovt

      The Mtlory Of Ireland. By T. Wright, Mx,...

      oonaideriaf tha whole population of Ireland aa hi abjteti f tbe _Eag & k _barania _Irttod _•«» trilling to regard tht Irish _populatioa only ia the light ef enemies , whom they raUht plunder and tlaughter at frilL In the ey * of the law a » it now stood , an Irishman oould not p lead in aa English court , _ahdTiis only chance of obtaining justioe was by the barbarous practice of taking the law into his own bands . 'Two cases illustrative bf tail Btate of things have been often quoted from the records ot Edward ' a reign , in one of whiob . an _Englithman being sued for certain goods , pleaded merely that tbe plaintiff wai an Irishman , ' and therefore had no right to demand them - and in the other , an Englishman teing charged with murder , or at least with manslaughter , acfenowiedged the fact , bnt pleaded that the dead man was only an Irishman ! In general , the Irith who were eat of the pale were considered by the English as

      being not mneh abore wild beait _* . which they might bnnt and destroy at pleasure . ' Well might Sir John D « it say in speaking of the Irish : —* At every Englishman might oppresi , spoil , and kill then without eontrolment , how was it possible they should bo other than outlawa and enemies to the orown of England ? * * * , .- If the English would neither in peao » govern them by the law , nor in war root tbem ontby the sword , most they not needs be pricks in their eyes , and thorns ia their sides , till the world ' s end ?' This _ptrt _oontains several interesting historical episodes , snob aa the horrible deaths of Maude and William .. de Braose ; the treacherous' killing . of Richard , the great Earl of Pembroke ; the romantio end of Crao 5 rey O'Donnell ; the walling bf New Ross , and the strange story of the Lady Alice Kjteler and tbe Bishop of _Oasory . Tbe illustration is a splendid iteel engraving of' The Battle of the Boyne . '

      Politieal And Polemical Pamphlets; Londo...

      Politieal and Polemical Pamphlets ; London : J . Wation , 3 , Queen ' s Head Passage , Paternoster Row . Earlier editions of moat of the _pamphleta we have elatsed together nnder the heading 'Political and Polemical / have been noticed in former numbers tf this journal . We gfrve the titlei : —1 . —An Account of thfRUeandpTogre ttofGermm Communism , with a-Memoir of WiUielmWeiUitig , dec . 2 . —Letter Opin . ing at the Post _Offfit . ( A reprint of an admiwbie aTticle which appeared in No . 82 of the Westminster Review , on toe revelations of Sir James Graham ' s

      Poet Office _villtnieJ . ) 3 . —Toe ' Seripturian ' s Greed . i . —ThtEoly Scriptures Analysed . ( A striking and laberiouework . ) 5 . ~ -An Examination of the Holy Scriptures , ( Attributed to Lord Bolingbroke , bnt now said to have been _written by Voltaire . ) 6 —A Dissertation on the Being and Attributes of God . ( We _formerly expressed a favourable opinion of the ability of tbe author—T ; S . Mackintosh—as exhibited in this pamphlet . ) 7—Tne T _% reeimpo _* _tors . ( A curious bat somewhat over-rated work , whieh we reviewed at _length on a former occasion ) . The whole of the * pamphleta will repay perusal .

      To The People Of England.. . Lams Vi. Fa...

      TO THE PEOPLE OF ENGLAND .. . Lams VI . FauAw Couhibtmeh . — Not anything is more _satisfa-tory in discussion , than tbat the disputants should bave a clear understanding of the grounds on which the argument rests . In my last letter , I furnished yoa with a list of truths on whioh Mr Rand and I agree , and which we are bound to support , in every stage of this

      discussion . - I purposely reserved two ether points of agreement , because I wished that they shonld be especially remembered ; hence I determined to place them separately . They are these •— _^ ( 12 . The employment of capital in branches ' of industry , whoae production *! cannot be sold for more than they co-t , ia ruinous . IS . Although the population of England ia increasing , the population engaged in agricollnre is decreasing . Havinz described tbe poverty , destitution , and crime that now obtain in the manufacturing _districts ofthe West Riding of Yorkshire , and ttated what he believes te ba the causes thereof , Mr William Rand suggests certain remedies , some of whioh be confidently expects will produce ' prosperity and better time ! . '

      I earnestly request your undivided and unprejudiced attention to the consideration of these proposed remedies , fully concurring in the opinion of Mr W . Rsnd that , without controversy , this is ' themost important qaestion of the day . * It is the question that now convulses Euro p e . Batter that it it ba settled by reason than the sword . The proposer of these remedies has had peculiar opportunities of investigation . ' He has for many years devoted bis time to the examination and study of toe subject . I believe tbat he sincerely desires to arrive at the truth . The opinions of suoh a man ought never to be treated lightly . At a time like this , they an of double weight . I shall enter oh their examination with _thougbtfolness and _cautioa . If , after the meet rigid inquiry , I shonld feel bonnd to dissent , I shall do eo with reluotahce , and not without some fear that I may bare failed to discover ihe truth .

      _Thtse are the remedies proposed by Mr William Rand : — 1 st . —A great modification of' Peel ' s Bill of 1814 . ' 2 nd . —An equal national poor-rate . 3 rd . — -Free selling , as well as free buying ; or Free Trade fully and fairly carried enb . MrW . Rand , does not define what modification of Peel ' s Bill * would be necessary , nor is he quite sure that thia remedy would be successful : he says , 'it is a matter on which different opinions will be entertained- ' ' Whatever may be the effect of Peel ' s Bill * npon the question of prices , and on wbioh , as I bare said , opinions may differ , ' & o . No ground for discussion is here laid . Nothing , is offered upon whieh an bpinibn can be given . '

      I am free to confess the question of the currency is one which I have not been able , to comprehend . I entertain ah opinion , that the Aot of . Parliament prioe of gold was fixed on false data , by those who had an interest _incheating the debtor . I alio think that silver might be beneficially and safely used at a legal tender . . I have been told by a highly esteemed friend , that tbe late Sir Robert Peel informed bim , 'he shonld gain £ 500 , 000 by bis son ' s measure , ' and be designated it * an unjust bill . ' It is clear that an Act of Parliament tbat puts half a million of pounds into a man ' s pocket , withent any exercise of skill or

      industry , must be fraudulent . Some ether persons must have teen robbed to effect that change . ' I bave aUo been told by a friend , on whom I oan rely , that the architect who ereoted . Sir Robert Feel ' s mansion at Whitehall , told bim , in consequence of theehange in the currency , that building bad cost one-third less . ' The difference was , of course , abstracted from the producers of ihe materials and the workmen employed in the ereotion ; the Inoky Baronet retaining it , to the _creditaoo- _> nnt of « Peel's Bill . ' Snob facts are very suspicions , bnt , as I before said , ? t he currency * bis , hitherto , baffled my skill and patience . '

      On the soundness and efficacy of * an equal national poor-rate , ' Mr W . Rsnd has no donbt . He treats it with the confidence of a master-mind that has , after tbe moat patient and ma' . nre investigation , solved every donbt . The principle on which this measure rests is thus Btated— 'The maintenance of the poor is a national and not a local duty / I donbt , with deference , the _soundness of this prinoiple . I have hitherto believed tbat there was mnch to admire in our _parocbialeystem . I think that tbe

      strength of the nation is mainly attributable to the neighbourly links that bind all the parishioners together—that the strongest security for good conduct is to be fonnd in that _fcystem—that , therein , tbe trne feeling of 'borne' ( so peculiar to Englishmen ) ia planted and nourished . By that system , tbe owners of the acres and of the houses ara made responsible for the maintenance cf tbe labouring people of tbeir own parish—they , in their torn , _reeognise tbeir dependence on tbose wbo tbey know are answerable for tbeir well-being .

      It seems to me that tbe parochial system is natural , and alw Christian . It is natural that a man should have an attachment to , and a claim on , tbe plaoe of his birth ; Christianity teaches that duties begin at home , and extend from that centre . The constitutional order of rigbt to maintenance ii paternal , parochial , provincial national . Wben tbe first fails , the claim rises to She second , next so the third , aad but to tbe fourth . Leteverythingbedone in order . I know that I am all of tba olden time ' . '—I have

      tailed to _ditaover anything ia the new _fanned generdUsing system tbat is so _sonnd , so good , so safe , so profitable , as in those strong and endearing bonds of sympathy and anion on which onr parochial system rests—where the poorest ofthe people ara known and oared for by the richest—' Where all , parson , dootor , squire , farmer , _manufsctarer , shopkeeper , labourer , and paaper , have a mutual interest in each others ' welfare—a mutual respect for each others . ' character —where property is secured and improved by attention to iti duties—where _thepain of poverty is removed , or ameliorated , by respeot shown to its

      _nghvs . I entertain aa opinion that , when tbe parochial attachment * are dissolved and its duties are disregarded , the glory and strength of England is undermined . Till they are again fully recognised , I believe we cannot have * prosperity and better timet ** consequently , I think , 'the maintenance of the poor is a local duty . ' : One great evil in ths new Poor Law is , that it is an attack on toe parochial system . Mr W . Rand beara ample testimony to its ruinous operation . I think be errs , wben , to remove those evils , he proposes to extend the principle tbat has created them ; I kare , I hop * withont _aj-regancs-, stated ay retson for _diawntinf from the principle of ' an equal

      _nr _^ onal poor-rate . ' - .... Ob tbe beneficial _ipwifaoo and molt of tbat measure Mr W . Rand baa not a shadow of i donbt Had _woa _aatwaal _MM-nt _* ' -. _naji , ' wi shoald

      To The People Of England.. . Lams Vi. Fa...

      find eottagts building ia tot _afrriraltoral parts ol tht _augctom ; tht people weald be most oniforraly _ap * rtad over foe conntry ; tbt peasantry wonld live near thi fields tbey enltints . and the tweit wauld be , _ largely increaiei _pwdootien , aa mcreaied homo trada / ahd a mnoh more satisfactory state of feeling among tbe working elaaies . ' 'The remit wonld be , a great diminution of the aggregate amount ( of the poor-rates ) , in _coniequence of increated employment in the cultivation of tbo soil , aod we shonld see _eoateatedness and satitfaetion existing among those classes whose unfortunate condition cannot tbe viewed without anxiety and

      4 * _* * . ' _^** ° ' ° _^ ° b a measure as aa f quel national poor-rate lies at tbo very root of our great 'social evils . ' Mr W . Rand is of opinion tbat an rqaal national poor-rate would . ' make it the interest of every man to promote employment , ' and not only put a stop to immigration from tbe rural districts , but also be thB means of drawing baok thoie agricultural labourers who haw crowd tha manufacturing towns and villages . Then are Indeed large expectation '; wonld that ft measure calculated to realise tbem were immediately adopted ' . .

      We mnst , however , always remember , that if a proposal is unjust , it cannot be profitable . I respectfully ask , is Mr W . Rand ' s scheme jast ? Ib it jast that the property of Dorking , in Surrey , should be rated for the support of the poor of Bradford , in Yorkshire ? Is it jast that the agricultural districts should be subject to the maintenance of the poor in manufacturing distriota ? Poes Mr W . Rand reply , "The ease is not fairly stated . I do hot object to Bradford supporting its : own poor , or to tbe _msnalaotnring districts maintaining theirs . My complaint is , tbat we , in Bradford , are now , nnder tbe system of local rating , obliged _tosnpport the poor immigrants from the agricultural districts ? ' Tbe rejoinder is as short as itis condcuive . Too wosxd

      havkit so ! : Again , I ask , is it just tbat the agriculturists should be charged . with tbe support of those whose labour in their fields has , at the bidding of the manufacturers , been made profitless f The manufacturers persuaded the government to aot npon the principle that , 'England wonld be more wealthy if she did aot grow a tingle ear of own . ' Tbat' England was never intended to be an _sgricnltural country ; ber destiny being—the workshop of the world 1 ' It it jnst that the immigrants should be returned to those homes ( now , perhaps , demolished ) from which ( by Buch _manafactBrert-oreated-poverty ) tbey bave been dri _; en ? Ia it indeed jast that , after baring been allured into the manufacturing distriota , under the

      aisn- 'ance , from the manufacturer * of ' cheap bread , high wages , and plenty to do , ' they should now be driven back again ? That , after having undergone so mnch suffering and privation—having lost their mral habits , and become emaciated nnder thetffeota of their adopted _arocation in the mills , tbey shonld now be cashiered ? It seems difficult to admit tbe justice of snoh acts . It would have been well for tbo manufacturers and immigrants bad these peasants retained thtir profitable employment at home ; bnt soring that , atthe bidding of tbe former , that employment has been made valueless , and that , for the supposed benefit ef the manufacturers , tbe peasants were transformed into artisans , justice requires tbat those adopted strangers should be sustained by tbe manufacturers , until their return will be profitable to themselves

      and their agricultural employers . N-ne will rejoice more than myself when that happy period arrives ! No one will labour more assiduously to promote it Will' an equal national poor' rate hasten ita advent ? I think not .- . .. Mr VT . Rand knows , a measure that will produce the _lesulta he so confidently predicts , must be _calcula ' ed to cauie the emplojment and increase of capital . Be knows tbat capital shuns those occupations ' where yon ean hardly get prime cost for anything , leaving so margin ior profit at aU . ' Mr W . Rand is aware that no increase oan be expeoted frem _indns . trial _pnnuits whose produce 'is so sacrificed to cheapness that prime cost cannot be got for any thing . ' He feels thete troths as a manufacturertheir operation is tbe aame in agrionlture .

      I cannot perceive open what principle Mr W . Rand expects * an equal national poor-rate' would inorease the capital employed in agriculture , wbioh , to prodace the benefits be _anticipates , mast be the result ofits operation 1 Its objeot is , to throw baok npon tbe agriculturists the charge of the maintenance of these poor immigrants , thus reducing , instead of _incoeosing , the capital employed in agriculture . Then , _conlmion would be mora confounded . Mr W . Rand is , I have no donbt , anxious that tbe results be anticipates shonld be realised ; he mast , therefore ; turn bis attention to some plan that will give security and profit to agricultural

      operationsthen , bnt not till then , will capital seek employment in agriculture . On reflection , he will , . no doubt , perceive that ' an ( quel national poor-rate' would fail to give auoh security and profit . It is the same ' god , cheapness , ' that refuses employment in . tbe mills and the fields ! , Let the owners of both , and the workers in both , refuse any longer to worship that God ! Let every Act of Parliament that has been passed to uphold bis worship be revealed 1 And let the laws of tbe only True God . tbe God of Love , be respeoted in all future Aots of Parliament ! Then , we may humbly , bat confidently , expect 'prosperity and better times . ' Till then , we may look for adversity and worse times I

      Again , 'an equal national poor-rate' would strengthen the very wasteful , demoralising , and uncivilised habit of migration , and tons very materially tend to deorease onr national strength and capita ) . The lost to tbe workman ih seeking employment Ib , inltime and money , immense . The morals of the people are thereby loosened , and the safety of anation is imf aired . Why should notprofitable employment bB always at hand at home , in his own parish , for every able bodied man ? Mr William Rind admits that 'the _productions of agriculture are far less than the home demand requires , 'and that « a griculture presents a field in whioh to employ every idle labourer in the country . ' Well , then , we have tiu fields and tbe labourers—the capital only ia wanting . There is abundance of money now waiting for profitable etc * ployment . Wby is it not employed in the prodno

      _tionspf _serioultate ? This is the only reason : tbe people of England have been taught by the manu - facturers thatforeigu agricultural produce ia cheaper than English agricultural produce , because it may purchased at a lower pr ice . Will" an equal national _poar-rate- ' remove that delusion ? No . Fellow countrymen , I bave thoughtfully , and in a friendly spirit , examined Mr W . Rand ' s second propoaed remedy for our national adversity . 1 am bound _moitreipeotfolly to diMent , because I think itis unsound in principle—uDju-t in operation—and tbat it will be ineffectual in ita results . Mr r v . Rand ' s third remedy will pus under revie wJn my next letter . I remain , Englishman , One oi the olden time , ' Richard _Oisma . Folham , Middlesex , Nor . 8 . b , 1848 .

      P . S . This appears tob » Mr W . Rand ' s mistake . He thinks , when 'an equal national poor-rate' is granted the agriculturists will necessarilyVn * e employment to the immigrants .. Mr W . Rand forgets that it will be impossible to give them employment witbout additional capital ; and that , without profit , capital cannot be foand . If _'oheapnesn'is suffered to continue' England ' s god '—should the immigrants return , they must become pauper ? , and tbe amonnt _subtracted _far their reliej , from the oapital now employed in agrionlture . would necessarily cause the employment of fever labourers , tbe number of paupers would thereby be increased , R . O .

      Escape Of A Cohvict Fboh Ths Siiruno Cas...

      Escape of a Cohvict fboh ths Siiruno Castle _CokvictShjp , at _Pobtmodih . —A conviot , named Ogle , managed , with a considerable degree of clevernets , to escape on Monday night , or rather en Tuesday morning , from this ahip , which lies alongside the jetty of Portsmouth Dockyard . Tbe man was s notorious character ; be was formerly convicted cf robbery , and transported ,, and fer bad behaviour waa sent to Norfolk Island , where he contrived to escape from his keepers ,, and for some time led the precarious life of a bushranger ; he afterwards managed to escape to some vessel , and oame home , where he had not remained any time , before he commenced his former vocaiioBi , was taken , recognised , and asain sentenced for twenty-one vests . Bemgsentto

      tht Tork prison-ship , for rome refractory conduct he was tent for more rigid confinement to the Stirling Cattle , where he waa placed in one ofthe most tecure cells ; by same unexplained method he managed , aboat three o ' clock on Taesday morning , to let himself oat ( or to get some etber person to dp so , for there can be little donbt bnt tbe fellow mast have had auistanoe ) of hia cell , after thia be had to pass throogh two doors , each ef which were _atrongly secured with outside locks , He then foand one of the _offioer ' acabiuB that waa unoccupied , tbe officer being on leave on shore , which be entered , and there dressed himself in a uniform ooat and eap , and deliberately but quietly walked on shore to the jetty to _ashortdittanoo from the ship , where the Stirling Castle b : at 8 are usually secured ; he got into ono of

      them , and pushed off into the tide , in the morning the boat was picked np , and the prisoner's escape dig * eovered ; bnt strange to say , the doors were fonnd all securely locked . The policeman who was on duty atthe dockyard says ( as we understand ) f that he aaw the mania the boat , and supposed him to bo one of tbe gaards ; that be spoke tothe guard on the deck of _the Stiriing Castle , and atked if all was right , and was answered in tbe affirmative . The ease will , no doubt , undergo a thorough investigation , and it is only proper it should . From the repeated escape of convicts from Porttmonth , there U evidentl y a waat of proper vigilance in the _gnard plaoed over tbem . It was only list w « k that a number of felons confined on board the Tork conviot sbip , twine eff Gosport , laid a well-arranged plan teeeotpe . _tatut this instance it wai frnitrated by some of thi gang giving MomiUoa _» f tho ptOMOdiflgSt * ths Utfcvt . ti 9 # _*

      Bmiqr&Tkw; A Wtmil A»Mb881i>„ I0 Tfl*H««...

      BMIQR & TKW ; A _WTMIl A » _MB 881 I >„ I 0 Tfl _* H _«« . » . 8 C 0 Tt , li . t _* . _Sia—U y _attsntion hat beea dlrtottd to repot * of a a-wtlog published in the _Mosniho _Cflsovrewof _Wednesday , tht 9 th Nove-aher , Tht nutting was htM in Lseds , the o » j « ct wat to encoursgs emigration to our Australian colonies , and yoa were ths principal speaker . Tour _potltlen as a raeaaber of the legislature , and your _frsnk and open _deetaratlea of _ditintertsttdatw .

      raises yen abort the oharaoter ef a mere _agsnt tothe employ of a company , and _e » _-Jnl ; conduce to _csnta me to address jo * on tht speech you then de'lvertd , aid alto on the tpeeohet of your eolleaguei , Messrs Logan and Boyd . The subject of emigration it gradually swelling into Importance , and _itlookeduton by man ? at an improvement upon onr present social condition , whlltt others affirm— 'that antxtentlva system of emigration would bt a remedy for the national distress . ' Therefore it Is that I think tbtt a fitting time to eipre _* - * my opinions thereon .

      Tour speeoh is reported at fol'ows : —> ' He ( Mr Scott ) , wonld preve to them that , whilst in this Island want , _psnury , and _suffering were extending , there ; was room and verge enough for them all elsewhere . ' , _}( thty f « uud In thlt oouatry so muoh destitution , and so much nant of _employmeat , _leadirig to destitution , was it sot inoum . bsnt on them , although some might fancy they were seeking to tend them ont of tbe country la : order to get rid of them—( Hear , hear , tnd otles of ' Girt us employment here ') . It w _> t entirely optional with those who beard him whether they remained in this oeantryoreml . grated , bat since It appeared to baths opinion of some of them tbat they wanttd to shovel them out—ftr that waa the term—or , ln other words , to get rid of : them , ns _hs bad _stld , ht wai induced te read thtm an titraot of a

      litter he bad reoeived from a . matter of . workmen In a _dltUntptrtof the oountry , who deprecated the holding of meetings like that , lest the , men la bit employ should bs _rsndtred dissatisfied by bearing of tbe wages obtained in tlie colonies . Having read the eitiaet to tht tffwt stated , ths hoa . gentleman proceeded to quote largely from official documents to show the _destitute state of the population of Eagland . Ona msn In every ten , said Sir Jsmes Graham , a short that ago , wbb In reoefyt of pa > riih relief In this oountry bnt new bt _tbiervtd from' a return np to June hit , It was net ten per cent , bnt eleven per _c « nt . of the population Motived _ptroehlalre . He' , for the personi to relieved amounted to 1 , 700 , 009 out of 18 , 009 , 000 ; £ 7 , 000 . 000 wat raited annually for the relief of tht poor In'Eoglind , and £ 890 , 000 la Scotland ,

      and taking tht _j-mount colleoUd for and rals . _td In Ireland at £ 1 . 860 , 957 , It made a total of £ 9 , iS 0 , 957 at tbe turn levied annually In the British _empire for the relief of tht poor , or three timet the _eott of the civil _govtrnmtat , _indtpsndtntly of the _oott of tbt army and navy . Bttldet the , regular Handing feroa there was the casual poor , a kind of disposable force , moving about and exhsuttlng every parish they went through . He would not trouble thtm with detells , bat would itate tbtt . with regard to the vagrants . In 1815 tbere were 1 , 791 vagrants tn one put of tht metropolis , and lu 1828 , In the stmt district in London , ' they had inoreased to 16 , 026 . In 1839 the number wat 85 _, < _500 , which hftd , _Inonattl In 18 * 7 , to 41 . 713 . Ht _mij-nt _sttte , _moriover , tbat in a certain dlttrlot _ssuth of the Thames , that for tht six

      months -nding Sept . 1815 , the _numbtr wts 18 , 533 , which had increased during the same six months In 1847 to 44 987 . . And In this very county , in ont of the first unions In tbt W * st . Riding , ln < 1838 , one vagrant was _rellsved , and in 1847 , 1 , 161 . This , he thought , _sffjidtd a pretty Strang , dark , and gloomy ptctare of the stats of _deitltutten prevailing in tbit country . If this was bo , It behoved thsm to Inquire whether or net other parts of this empire , governtd b y the same laws , under the controul of tht tame Sovereign , did not offer employment with batter remuneration . Since tho beginning , of 1847 tbree handred _thoaiand valuable colonists bad gone and tettied in the United States , taking tbeir _mOBey , tbeir in < dustry , to promote the prosperity of that foreign conn . try—( bear , hear , and oheers )— whilst frem 181 B to 1847

      not a solitary Individual went to New South Wales at tbe publio expense . And yet tha highest authority In tbe country , and a very able man , be was ( Earl _Otkj ) , thought nothing ctnld be more satisfactory than the state of emigration between this conntry and Australia , If thty would he Induced to go to Australia intttad of depending open the alms and doBatlovs of others here , thty might place themselves In a poiitien of comfort , and bs enabled to afford _aislttanot to thtir rtlationt . If thty considered psupers that cost tbem here £ 8 a head per annum , whilst by this change they would make bim happy , independent , and Self-supporting ; and if , in ad . dltlon to this £ 8 per annum , and the cost of his pasesge , being £ 10 to £ 13 , a « d in two years he more than repaid ths _whelo amonnt of his passage . Every man who went

      to Australia paid back again In two years the . value in labour given io this country to the amount of £ 15 8 * . 6 d . ; so that , instead of beiog a burden of £ 8 , he was a bunsfit to the amount stated . , If they put these figures together , thty weuld , he thtught , be able to estimate the amount of benefit conferred net only upon the emigrant , bnt alio npon tbose who remained at borne . If he went to North America , it would oott him £ 6 , but he would ba twenty yeara in paying back the value of his _pssiage , at tbo relative proportion of manufactured goods exported to the . states ii only 5 s . 8 d . From this' they would see the _Imporianoa of emigration to tha'

      Australian colonies ; Tbe cost bf the burden of each pauper is £ 8 a year , and if . tbey added tbe benefit In the extra _consumption for goods tothe amount of . £ 714 s , 81 , per annum , there wonld bt a clear gala by the transference' of £ 15 14 i , 81 . Take a tblrd view of tho ease . If £ t ptr annum was tbe cost of the burden , in ten years that became £ 80 . In Australia he benefited by contributions the sum ef £ 22 , making a _diflVrtDce of £ 102 in tbose ten years . After tome othtr rtm & tkt to the same tff . ei , the hon , gentleman concluded his speech with en impassioned appeal to _theselMnttrettandoommon-ssnse , as well as air the higher feelings , of bis ahd _' ence . '

      Tobr account of the oondltlon of England is but too _ttut—the figures you quote are undeniable , they ara the handwriting on the wall tbat indicate national dee ( ruction , and oome far short of the . real misery , existing In the heart of thlt richly poor ttate of which wa are citizens . Tfae drunken msn reels as he exalts in his via * , and we pity his depraved morality—ths gambler slokens st the throw of the dice that seals his fate and fortunebut intoxication and exoitement drown the pain and destroy _reflection , : Return home with them te their dingy dwelling—see remorse and despair , donbt and madness follow—mark starving , wives and squalid children , and you will discover that throwing dice hss lost more than gold—aad drunkenness has consumed essentials of more value than time and money . Taose form subjects of rtfhotlon for the moralist , statesman , and pbyslolsh , and show that moth Is . more than nci , and that national _letses cannot be folly estimated by figures _aloBt

      When describing tha miserable condition ofthe people to such aa audience es you addressed In Leeds , do yon , or _bava yon ever r . fleeted on the history of the trade and _manaf-cturtB of tbit country 1 If you have , wby do you omit to _aotlce the following faots , ay Intimately bound up with the condition of tbe people , and related to yonr question of' want of omp _' eyrmnt ! ' In the yesr 1811 the population of Greut Britain ameunted to 12 , 896 , 808 , of which 4 , 408 , 880 were dependant on agriculture ; In 1841 , tho population of Great Britain amounted to 18 . 8 U , iZl , ot whioh . 4 , 145 , 775 were dependant on _sgri culture , showing » ' decrease ot employment In agricultural pursuits of 368 , 105 persons ; daring which period wa have had an increats of population of not lets than 49 } per bent . ; and had the tilling of the Land found an

      adequate increase of employment , proportionate to the increase of population , the number * employed In agriculture , in tbt year 1841 wonli bave been 6 , 591 , 276 persons , being _aetnally 2 445 , 501 persons mora than are now employed . We hare perceive , at a glance , that England hat bten the great enemy of herself ; and tbe _effects of her suicidal policy are bow visited on the heads of htr children . Instead of pursuing a policy that neutd bave spread her mannfaotaTea over her entire surface , and encouraging an agricultural developement that would bave employed her people , and _inoreaied her means of subsistence , her land-owntrs and manuftctnrer- bare leagued together to buy and tell her population as slaves ; the results art , inoreased rent-rolls , _incrsssed fortunes Increased _paupsrlsm , and increased poor rates .

      And as aa improvement upon this state of things , we have piaaofcta the miserable _urihe-thif t of Emigration , by men wbo pass current as statesmen and politicians . _Trnlyhas It been written , Tbat England is a fen of stagnant waters . ' These statements are historical , and can be irrefutably proved . Tbe foreign trade tf England has been doubled since tht patting of the Reform Bill ; whlltt cotton yarn whioh sold In 1814 fer Si . 6 d ., may now be bought for 81 . per pound ; osllooe * whlob then told at from 9 s . to is . per yard , may now be bought at from id . to 7 d . ; prints which then sold at front 4 s . te 7 * . per _ysre _* , axe new worth 10 d . ; silks for dresses oan now be _parobaied for one half their former prloea . Cochineal , _oinnanon , fancy work boxes , mailcal lnitru . mints , furs , bonnets , cambric net work , and , in faot ,

      ovary _rtqnliltt of _otmfort and luxury at tht command cf ths capitalist , landlord _} and _antultant , have fallen one half In value . By a reference to the Parliamentary returns for 1814 , we _dlscovtr tbtt tbe whole amount of income derivable from land was £ 87 , 666 , 347 . In 1848 , it hod increased tof 45 , 763 , 615 , being an Increase of upward ! Of £ 8 . 000 , 000 sterling per annum ; and as money cannot be calculated by eny standard _ofintrlntlo valw , but is more or less valuable , depending upon the quantity of neotstarlet , _luxurlei , and comforts it can enable Itspotstisor to acquire , it follows thatthe apparent _inoreost of £ 8 , 000 , 000 of rental annually , Is a real Increase of £ 16 , 000 , 000 ln value _; and so ou ia proportion with all ihe interests of the monled t _*> d lauded classes la this oountry .

      Let us neat examine tbe wage ' s of the labourer . Mr Barton , In a table drawn u _*^ from authentic _sott-cea , g '( V _« S thi following _Statement : —In the year _HJo , wheal , per _qut-hr , wat 4 i . ltVj ,-W 8 geg , pM week ls , 10 jd . _ragsi . in plots of wheat , 199 . The same table , cott ' . nuod by Mr _ffado * _f 0 tbe year 1840 , thews—that wheat , Ptr quarter , «»; _-, 66 l M . „ | per week , Us . ; In pinto cf whtak _, 85 . . . ; . In iheyp . _' 1797 , _! the average wages _efhond-loorawta _" T _« rt wat £ 19 ,, per wetfr . flour per load , £ 2 7 s . In 1811 . " 8 " , ptr week , Hs , ; flour , per load , £ 8 Us . 1840 , w _»^ b , ptt _wttk , 6 s . 6 d ; flour , p tr load , ' £ _» Us .

      Thuo tables of wages clearly othlNt the _tsndsaoy ef bygoniyaart ; and if farther proof ware aMStsary , tht fi 6 tuti used by _yourstlf on tbe _Inorsest tf poor and fcror rates woald bt amply taffiekat ; aad I may ac **) .

      Bmiqr&Tkw; A Wtmil A»Mb881i>„ I0 Tfl*H««...

      thai tbt ssm , _r-d . otloB , _duTtrug ia _dtf r _« , hit aJTrttv all othtr tr adts . _Jfowfor _thBcerrtotntaef baying aid _sslllog slaves . IVo _^ l EnVt «> _h _•«» bit place in _parHtaitut _, oa Ftb . 28 th , _U 2 S _, pokt as _fellowt :- _' ! havt tten-and j many other gentlemen , no doubt , bar * _ran-la a Mac * j elMflBdn _twspaptrofthe 19 th of February , 1825 , tbt following adr « rtlsemsnt :- « To _ovsrsttri , guardians of _the-wr , and families _detlrout of settling io _Mscolesasw .-Want td , im-aedlatol y , from 4 , 000 to 6 , 000 ptr . _!^ : « ( H " ' _** J Tbehousen * aywelleiprs .. thelr surprise , and I beaeech their attention ts the description ! _0 _f persons _regnlredby _tMsadvertis-men * — _'Frommen

      \\ V 1 X ? ' H _** " _° _- _'** _" maDufB 0 turerBw « rt content to receive children ofthe tender age of only , siven years , to be employed la the throwing _tBdmanu . ¦ factoring of silk-tbe great increase of ths trade having _oauted a great scarcity of workmen . It is _soggoited , that this is a most favourable opportunity for persons with large _famlllss , aad _ovtrsesrs , wbo wish to put out children-children of sevea yeart ef sge—as apprentices , to _Injure them a comfortable livelihood . _Applieatlsns to be made ( if by letter , post paid ) to the printer of this paper . * Ur R , Go » po _** : It appears that ovtrieers tf parishes , in Londoa , are in tbt habit of contrac'ltg with the mtnufdctarers of tht north fer the disposal of their children . Ia this manner waggon loads of _theta little

      _ersatnres are sent down , to be at ths _diiposal of their new masters . '— April 3 , 1816 . There is nothing in tbe slave markets of _Arasrloa , or among the Eastern nations , more flagrant , and bra . tal tban the advertlsments I bave quoted from the speschss of _Hutkttioa and Gordon . The terms und are , perhaps , not so strong , but thty are equally explicit , and to ever- _rtflectlng mint tbey prove ep ° B sad _UBdilgnttsd _slavsry . What avails it In principle , whtthtr the slave be driven to the slave mart with a _wblp-cord , or marohed to tke factory mart , goaded by tbe stings of _appttlts . Tht choice in cither oase is alike involun . tary , and tht remits ara alike unobanged . Do you In . noire , ' What have theie things to do with any modern _sohtms of emigration ! My reply it ready . They havt

      everything to do with the _cnuies that lead to the ' necessity lor emigration , and you _mnit not bt _offended when I Inform you , that thete same _xtrertiiements very muoh resemble the decoy advertisements published by emigration societies ln this year of 1818 . Tho past policy has been to . migrate tha poor from the land ita the _factories The serfs of the soil were then teld that' thera was verge tnongb for them elsewhere ; ' now tbey are to be sent to the oolonlei , 'Verge enough for tbem ehswhere j' Of course it was 4 btlrsly optional whether they remained in the country , or went to tbe factories , Jnst at it is now —' optional / whether they remain and starve at home ,

      or go to the colonies , at recommended by yoonelt and colleagues . Thete causes and t ff eels were _ovarloektd _, at a time when a lore of gtld sharpened the wits of onr _roantfaoture-s , who were drank with tbe lust of gain , and reeled and staggered amidst tbe fumes of _oommercltl _proiptrity . Th » y now meet ut at every corner , when tbe evils have bicome so general as to convince the most careleis and _iteptloal of what the thinkers of allegesh & vs known ; thatthe policy and government of a nation are SS mneh the Interests of every private clllien , as the kind of houae la wbioh he lives , or the clothing he wsar t aad tbat' He who Uvea by tht tword , shall perish by the sword . '

      I new refer you to that part ef your address la whleh jou call attention to ether parts ef the empire , as fit fl-lds fcr English _Induitry . Ton continue— If they ( the paupers ) could be inducsd to go to Australia Instead of depending upon the alms and donations of others hers , thty might place _themielves in a position of comfort , end bs enabled to afford _asslstanoo to their rtla'ions . ' In your calculation of expenses , you name two Items , c _* loulallng the oott of a , pauper , at £ 8 p- * annum , and add 'in addition the cost of bis _paaeage , being £ 10 or £ 1 J , and , In two years more , he more than repaid the whole amonnt of his paitage / _Suppote wt say , one year ' s keep as an uni-lling Idler £ 8 , passage to Australia £ 1110 s „ total £ 19 10 s , and msrk , this sum must bs paid previous to a single £ > rtb ! _ag reiog returned—and for the sake of argument , I will suppose yonr _calculation of returns , by increased trade , with the mother country , to be correct . Now , I volunteer to demonstrate to your _Bentes , by the _stmplett process of arithmetic— 'Tha *

      th « _te ii room and verge enough' for the employment of tbe surplus Idlers , within the limits of -he mother country , and from , which greater advantages must accrue to all parties interested in the preservation and welfare of the empire , tban by any system of oolonial omigratlen . My ease shall not rest on any hypo _, thesis or ostentations of mine , but on undeniable and incentrovtrtible loot-, bb proved by other * . Mr Msrtln , tablework 'On Ireland before and after tLe Union / writes as / Allows . S _^ e »» ge » SS and 89 : — ' Tbe Improvements wbich have been effeoted b ; ths . drainage of Chatmoss , and other bogs in _Lanoatblre , ou-jbtto encourage similar efforts : in Ireland . The dlttrlot through whioh the railway pastes , between Mancheiter and Liverpool thows a large extent of country _reclslmed frcm swamp and peat , and now bearing abnndant crops , and yielding more than ten per cent , in rent . Altboagh tbe wages paid during the process of drainage was about fourteen shillings per week , the cost haB not _exctedtd £ 10 per sort for reclamation .

      To a small extent reclamation Is now going on in Ire-Una . Mr M'Nab , of G & _stleconntll , county . Limerick , has reclaimed eighty ' . acres of the worst rea bog , devoid of vegetation and twenty feet deep . It was drained , tb « n coated with tht subsoil , and the land which was not worth 2 * . fid . per acre , is now worth thirty shillings pu acre . Mr Stnart Frencb , of Monaghan , has riclaimed 800 _aores of mountain land in four years , and raised its value from two shillings to thirty . five shillings per acre ; the entire cost was repaid by the crips In tbree year * , although hehad to bring lime a distance o f tour miles over a hilly road , Mr Reade , of Wood Park _, oounty Galway , reclaimed 500 acres of moorland and mountain , at a oost of £ 10 te £ 17 per acre , which wss repaid by the crop of tbe second year , and tbe land formerly worth two shillings end sixpence per acre , now pats an annual rental of twenty shillings per acre , Mr Reade says , tbere are 128 , 000 acres of snch rectal-cable

      wastes in Galway , where thousands bave dUd during the past yesr , and where many are now ( April , 1848 ) dragging on a miserable end uieless existence . Mr Coslihurst In the _eouaty of Cotk , reclaimed a bog fart * , for w tlch tke _tFnsnti could not pay 4 s , per acre . The _dralnrge and reclamation coBt £ 15 per acre , whioh was repaid before the fifth year , and the land is now rated , at tbe poor-rate valuation , worth £ 4 per acre . Mr Baines , of Barton Grange , one of the reclaimed moss farms of _Lancsshire , writing to Mr Foulett Scrope on _trris subject , _states that , if the 3 , 000 , 000 acres of Irish bog were re . _olaimed , like fell farm , end made rqaally productive ( as be is oonfident they might be ) , tbe yearly produce ought to be fifteen million buehels of wheat , thirty million bushels of oats , one hundred and fifty bushels of _pota . toes , and a million and _a-half of fat sheep ) , the whole affording food for the support of five millions oi people . '

      I may add to tfceie faots—tbe validity of which li nn . deniable—that , according to the third report of the Emigration Committee of tbe Honss of Commons , published in 1848 , the lands In England , uncultivated aud capable of cultivation , amount to 3454 , 009 acres—and In _Walei , to 630 , 000 acre- —this , too , exclusive of many thousands of seres , now _profltleisly _uted as detr parks , game pre . serves , pleasure grounds , and forests , every inoh of which , If cultivated , would be the richest and most productive loll ofthe realm . And what can be more _abanrd than that our able-bodied poor shonld bis shipped off from tho land of tbeir birth , to clear the woods aud people the deserts of Australia , under the plea , too , of over population—at a time when there are thousands of acres of rioh soil ia this ooantry tbat bear no fruit but a few stunted oaks , and jiold no produce but that which is connamed by wild fowl , deer , hares , and _rabbits ?

      I will again _rcsum * this _su ) jeot , with a view to a fair discussion of the merits of _emigration , at a source of national improvement . F _> . r tbe present , I submit fcr your consideration the following deductions , whioh I conceive to be fairly proved by the facts and reasoning of this _letter;—lat . —That tha soil of Gmt Britain and Ireland Is capable of sustaining , in comfort and independence , the whole population . 2 nd . —That the monies proposed to be paid for shipments of emigrants lo Australia , and other colonies of tbe empire , If applied to purposes of home colonisation , would be more profitable for the _iattrattot both labourer and capitalist , and would _oaute a home consumption fer manufacture ! , greater thau possibly oan ba created by any system of colonial Industry .

      3 rd . —Tbat emigration it alone to be regarded as a scheme ef private enterprise for emigrants , tnd Inoreased value to the _properties of the holders of land in the colonies , without any _sptoltd , advantage ! accruing therefrom , for tha benefit of the inhabitants of the mother country ; and at a source of national improvement , Is , from _apparentand Irrefutable causes , everyway Inferior to home colonisation , 4 th . —That , as we art suffering , among other _oausss , from a derangement of the balance of _emslojment , between those _fropleyed in agricultural , as compared , wltb those employed In manu ' aetutlng pursuits , any _toheme of industrial improvement , to Its nationally and perma . nently beneficial for all , must bave for Itt object the employment of tbe destitute poor ln cultivating the waBte lands of Great Britain aad Ireland .

      5 lh— 'He that tllleth his land shall havep ' _entyof bread " ; but ha that followeth after vain persons shall have poverty enough , ' ( Proverbs xxvll , 19 ) I remain , your obedient servant , KoT . I 0 tb 1818 . x Siicoi-L Kydd ,

      Takiko A Shower Bath. — D J Olor: * Well...

      Takiko a Shower Bath . — D j olor : * Well , how did your wife manage her shower batb , deacon V Deacon : ' Sbe has hsd real good luck . Madame Moody told her how she managed . She said ahe had a ailed silk cap with a cape to it , like a fireman ' s , that came all over her shoulders and' — Doctor : 'She ' s a fool for ber pains — that ' s not the way . ' Deaobn : ' So my wife ( bought . ' Doctor ' : Your wife did nothing of the sort , I hope / Deacon : ' Oh . no , doctor , she used sn _nmbrilly . ' Dootor : ' What : ! nsed an umbrella ; what the _misohief good did the shower bath do her I' Deacon : * She aaid she feU better . Her olothea wem't wet a mite . She ait under the umbriily for half an hour , till the water trickled off , and said 'twaa cool and delightful , and just like _alestle shower bath in mmmer . Tben abe took _tff her things , ar . d rubbed ber for _lalfiBbonr artw , _'—ilmenwm paper _.

      Wmttit*.

      wmttit * _.

      Aooimict Mom Ru-Amh.—A Few Days Ago , Al...

      AooiMiCT mom _Ru-aMH . —A few days ago , al Southwell . Notts , ayeonj _** woman bad ber right band _shrtolftrhtta in tbe Mt of reaching down a gun for herbrother . ' . . .. Tag _TkjmerttArn . _—Thecopyisgielegraph baa beea tried from > London to Slough ; it * is calculated it will transmit font hundred letters ptr minute with a ingle wire . _Dsath _ntow Poison . —A child , * wo _yeata _and-abalf old , was killed last week , at _Srottingbam , by eating some bread and butter sprinkled with anroie and sugar , intended for the poisoning of rats . AbreweratLbtnfachretb , last week , sustained ** loss of fonr _valotWe milch cows , wbich died in consequence of eating too mnch of fresh grains from tbe * brewery .

      MittTABT Poo * Law _Lispbctobh . — Tb e re ara fourteen military and naval officers of the rank . of lieutenant-colonel , major , and captain , employed at ? poor-law inspectors' in Ireland , Tbmfbrarck . —Dr _Letsom ascribed health and wealth to water ; happinesi to amall beer ; and all other _diteases and crimes to the _nseot spirits . Thi Ckbw or ibb Noaia Britain . —Tbe Dominioa _, of Cork , saved and brought to that oort the erew of the North Britain , from Qaobeo to Plymouth , waterlogged off the banks of Newfoundland .

      SHB-f-riBLO Bayonets . —A considerable order for bayonets has beeu received in _Sheffield , whioh town was formerly the _principal teat of the manufactories ofthote _weapo-is . _Dbath from Ihtkhpbbahci . — An inquest wan held lut week , at Uckfield . Sussex , on tbe body of a lad , fifteen years old , and a verdiet was returned that bis death waa caused by excessive drinking . An Imusnsh Block o ? _Graniti . —A block oi granite ; containing upwards of 12 , 000 oubio feet of atone , and eioeeding 850 tots in weight , waa dislodged , a few daya since , in a granite quarry at Maen . Coal . —Great Britain produces annually 31500 000 _tousof ooal -, Belgium . 4 , 960 077 ; France , i 141 617 i United States . 4 . 400 , 000 ; Prussia , 3 . 500 , 00 o ; aad Austria . 700 , 000

      Mr Robert Chambers , the distinguished writes and _pnb'isher , was proposed for Lord Provost of Edinburgh , but rejected on account of hia theological opinions . The _eansni of France , taken in 1846 , shows tbat sinoe tbe previous _ceniui , in 1841 , the population had increased 1 , 170 , 000 or at the rate of 234 OOOper annum . _SinouUR _Dbatd . —On Friday last , Edwin John , the too of Mr Gerrard . _urocer , _Oindley , was drowned in a vessel of buttermilk , Tbo deceased waa about a year and _a-half old . _ABon-KiDsa—Oa leaving Fan , Abdei _< Kader remitted a sum of money to the core for destribntion among the poor , with an expression of regret that his means did not permit him to be more generous .

      Tab State _Cnoncn —There _Js a pluralist in _VValeff who bas oharge of the fire-parishes of Llantritsant , _Lleobcrnrarwydd , Rhodygerbio , Gwaredog , and Llanllibio . A poor curate officiates for £ 80 a year I His employer has about £ 1 , 000 Dbath jaom Swallowing a Pin . —On Tuesday an inquest waa held at the Infirmary , Stockport , oa view of the body of a girl , whose death it was supposed bad been occasioned by accidental burning ; but it turned out she had died from uJammatioa arising from having swallowed a pin . _SiBQOlAR _Tbntjrb op Land . —Amongbt the fanciful tenures by which landed estates have been held , tbat of tbe _Stsffords , of Eyan * , in D < -rbygbire , [ i 8 not the least singular . It is , tbat they shall keeo a lamp perpetually burning on the altar of St Helen , in Eyam parish ohurch .

      Pauperism ih _Ibblabd . — ¦ There is a poor supply of Indian meal in Dingle at present . Nearly 1 , 200 persons are receiving in-door relief in the temporary workhouses of the nnion . Out-door relief is being issued to 3 . 600 . Rivbr _Pmms , —A . boat belonging to a man _namtd Latohford , laden with provisions , wu plundered on Thursday , at Ringmoylan , by river pirates , who pnt out from the wood and carried off property to tbe amount of £ 180 . _QntUSioATiaii f . r Mibshipubh . —The Admiralty have determined , that , in future , an acquaintancewith the prinoiple and application of the steamengine shall bo deemed a nece .-aary qualification for all midshipmen before tbey can be allowed to pats for the rank of lieotenan t .

      _Nznno Naiub * hbt . _—Quashee , commenting a work on natural _^{ story , wrote as follows : — ' Man ia de first animal in de creation ; he- springs up like a _Bparrowgras _* _-, hop about like a _hoppergrats , and dies de same aa a _jaokasa . ' Sbrvb him Right . —The _magistrates of Sheffield have ordered a boy , ten years old , to be well whipped , for having plaoed several large atones on tbe rails of the Midland Railway , thereby _oausing an obstruction which nearly _threw a train eff tbe rails . Considerable quantities of sweet potatoes and ba * _nanas are now grown Sn Madeira for shipment to England , as the passage frcm Madeira to South _* _ampton is now m & de in eleven or twelvo days , and 1 the vegetables consequently arrive in good condition I for the London market .

      Gen . Surmw , who commanded under G ? s . Humbert in tbe expedition asainst Ireland , which ended in the capture of the French army by Lord Corn * _wallis , died a few daya ago at Brussels , in tbe _TStb year of _hin age . The _Dumfbibs Coobibr slates that some miscreants recently placed a quantity of stones across the publio road near to Gaestown _, and also fastened a ropa across the eame read a little further on , near _Doulovale , whereby a man and horse were thrown to tha grousd with snoh violence that the hone was killed and tbe man severely _icjuied . A Wwdiso Disbbh . —A few days since , tbe Suffolk police _apprehetded a bridegroom and hia fatherin-law , while they were eating the wedding dinner , whioh was composed of the mutton of a Bhearling ewe that they bad stolen from a field , belonging to a farmer at Lidgate ; and both hare since been com * mitted to tt-ko their trial .

      A Scientific Razds . —The _Minixc Journal no * tices a newly-invented razor , with a guard whioh ao effectually protects the skin from the cutting operation of the razor that the manipulator may share upward " , downwardB _, end in every direction , as quickly as be pleases , witbout the slightest , or eves possibility of injuring tbe skin _. Curious Escape . —Last week , a dos * was walking on the East Lincolnshire line , hear Boston , when a down-train came up , and he started forward at fall speed , but was presently met by an up-train ; ha

      then turned round , but tha np train Boon overtook him , and be _oowtred down between the rail * , whilst the train ' rapidly passed over him , and be thus es * oaped uninjured . A Showbr of _Compmmbhts . — ' How fortunate I am in meeting a ram beauiu this storm , ' said a young lady who was canght in a shower of rain the otber day to her ' beau of promise' who happened toco-re aleng with an umbrella . ' And I , ' _stid he gallantly , ' ara aB much rejoiced aa the poor Laplander when he haa caught a rain dear . ' These are the beau ideal of wet weathorcomplimentB . — -Boston Chronotype

      An _Ancibnt Tmk . —The _Staffordshire Advertiser says that at Totworth Court , there it a _ohesnot tree fifty-seven feet in circumference , with branches that cover a _quarter of an acre . It was spoken of in the rei _;; n of King Stephen , and attracted muoh at * ten tion during John ' s reign ; but time is now * making its ravages on this _onoient tree , whoso trunk is betrtying rottenneas _, and is daily wasting _, away . An Excuse for a Glass . —> At the Bristol Quarter Sessions a _witnrss in a' running down' case on the ) turnpike road , stated that he and hit companions _, having been' cleared out , ' or thereabouts , at a race , conld not raise sufficient monty for a dinner , and were , therefore , fain to put np with tea . ( Lau < _-hter . > - But , he added , 'Wehad enough left for a glass of ale , to keep the tea down 1 * ( Renewed laughter . )

      A Lucky . Dae am jr . — A man , named Thom & a Stanfourth , who resides in a lonely house at Qainton * _Northamptonshire , dreamt lately that on the follow * ing night his house wonld be robbed , and that he shonld lose twelvo sovereigns which he had saved , Snoh a strong impression had the dream on hia mind , that be took tbe money from the plaoe whtra it was usually kept , and deposited it in a bucket of pig ' s meat . That very evening his house was entered and various artioles were carried away , but fortunately tbe gold , in Hs obmimI resting place wag left untouohed .

      _ExtBAORDINART Perch Flf hiso . — Mr B . B . Wil * _liama caught in tbe Thames , is tw ? days last weekbetweeu ninety and one hundred perch , averaging a pound weight etch , and a'l in the finest possible ccn * dition . During this great sport , one of the books fght ) was bit off by a jack , A gimp one was substi tuted , and , in a few minute ? , ajtek of nine pounds was taken , and , upon _gettiag the fish into tbe punt , the identical gat hook waa found , well secured in his upperjaw . _EccBSiBiciir of a _CAi .--Sometime agp _. _aalatet of Wooler had occasion to be working at Shotton . ' One day when passing between the Newtons , a cat joined him , and followed him like a dog to Shotton , where it remained with him throughout the week . What is most remarkable , puss mon & ted tbe ladder regularly with him tothe roof of the house , wbere she ) amused herself till meal-time , when she punctually attended him . On the Saturday tight , sho went home with him to Weoler .

      A Lady ' s _Dbscription of Lows Busc , ( ma Letter to a Friend . )— ' A few _evening since I passed tome hoars with Louis Blano , and I was delighted with him .- Delighted , to find in a young man a heart bo trne to the cauBe of humanity , and to see a resolution so sprightly and indomitable enlisted ia the most advanced principles yet disco end . ilia manners are elegant , and truthful in the extreme ; he ha * a faoe radiant with peaceful , happy _gco-lne-a ; no bad _pasaion has left a trice on bii smooth , hand * seme _physiognomy , wbieb is lighted up by a-fair Of eyes of suoa bright _iplendQ-jr aa . _j- rmlj seer .

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Dec. 2, 1848, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_02121848/page/3/