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Northern Star (1837-1852), 2nd May 1846, Edition 3 of 3, Page 7, Under tbis bead wo propose to notice all...

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  • Departments (3)
    • /¦ oreigii i8obfment&
    • SOCIAL REFORM.
    • TaiiKonAPiiis Communication*. Undkb. tin* Ska.—- The British government by the Lords Commissioners
  • Text (10)
  • Transcript

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      «« And J Will War, Al Least In Wards, {A...

      «« And J will war , al least In wards , { And —« flouId my chanee so happen—deed * , ) WifiiaU who war with Thong ht !'' » I think I bear a _lit-fle sard , who sings The people byand bj wffl be the stronger . ** — Bmck . EASTERN EUROPE AND THE EMPEROR

      NICHOLAS . * No . L The recent insurrectionary" outbreaks in Poland , and the fearful peasant war yet raging in a portion of that unhappy country , nave excited the liveliest sensation throughout Europe . The roar of the popular cannon at Cracow , though heard but for a moment , caused a vibration from St . _Petersbnrgh to Paris , from Vienna to London , shaking the tottering thrones of existing dynasties , and moving the hearts of the people with hopeful anticipation of that coming time when mankind shall burst their fetters and trample down the hideous tyrannies which have too long cursed and desecrated society .

      The ill-disguised terror of the several governments proved that there was " something rotten" in their present imposing organizations ; something that Kould not allow them to withstand tbe revolutionary hurricane if once fairly blowing . Throughout Germany great excitement was manifested , the best proof of which was seen in the calumnies invented or the slave-press of that country against the Poles with the view of counteracting the formation and expression of German sympathy : thus was invented the detestable calumny that it was one of the principal objects of tbe Polish " conspiracy ' ' to murder all tiie Germans ; _-wbicli calumny was completely

      disproved b y the manner in which the Germans were treated during the whole time ofthe insurrection at Cracow . The calumnies of the German press obtained , however , but little credence amongst the Germans themselves , as was proved by the proceedings jo the Saxon chamber , by the popular cries of the excited masses in all the principal cities , and by the generous sympathy manifested by the Germans residing in Paris and London . From the pietist poltroon , Frederick William of Prussia , down to oar own dearly beloved ( _himber-theJasui of Hanover , the whole tribe of German princes trembled in their shoes , knowing that their own doom was sealed if the wkiteeagle was again victorious .

      And France was moved ; not immediately ' , for tbe corrupt rule of the usurers' king has done not a "little to weaken public opinion . Prance did , however , respond to Poland ' s cry , and could the combat hare been prolonged on the banks of tbe Vistula , the Seine mig ht have beheld events which would have caused the privileged ones of the earth _to'tura pale . It is not for ns to enlighten the limes and the rest of the English profitmongering journals as to the actual State of France ; theymay hugthemselves , if they will , with the belief in the "loyalty" and " order" which apparently reign in that country , oneday—perhaps not very distant—they will awake to a knowledge of the reality . We promise their-doped readers this , that there is a generation of men now living in

      France who will not pass sway without uprooting the present villainous system . France sadly needs a purification , no nation more so ; the throne occupied by _s greedy usurer ; the chambers filled with mushroom aristocrats and government employ ii ; the laws created avowedly for the purpose of extending the Usurpations of property and rendering labour more and more degraded and enslaved ; the great mass of the people deprived of all political rights and social freedom ; public morals debauched by profligate writers ; money and luxury exalted , and poverty and honour crushed beneath contempt ; lourgeoise rule has created the mo 3 t vicious state of _society that has existed in France since the time of Loins XV . Happily the purifiers exist and France will be saved .

      Even in this " nation of shopkeepers the Polish movement excited no little interest in spite of the fact , that nearly the-whole of the journals , daily and weekly , did their best to prevent the creation of sympathy for the Poles . The Crown and Anchor meeting was a " great fact , " important in more respects _than'in its relation to thePolishmovement _. and the fhtnre will show that Chartism was benefitted , " and wa 3 ia > _t" injured "hy that meeting . The _principles enunciated by the several speakers , proclaimed by the resolutions and ratified by the unanimously

      expressed approval of the assembly , will cause that meeting to be looked back upon as the commencement ofa new era in the Chartist agitation . The proceedings of that meeting were published throughout Europe , weX-noiu with the best results for the Chartist as well as the Polish cause . One thing friends and foes may rest satisfied of , that the men who gob up that meeting are not the vendors of ** clap-traps , " they are in earnest , they have faith in their principles and will attest their faith by their works . .

      When ths people of this country bear " of jnsnrreetious in Poland , they are _noi generally aware that the Poles are bat one section of a family of nations , all belonging to one race , all oppressed by the same tyrants , and consequently all having a common interest in overthrowing the order of things at present established . It may startle aome of onr readers to hear that this family of nations , known as theSlavo-Tonian races , nearly equals in number , perhaps even exceedXthe whole of the inhabitants of Great Britain ,

      France , and Germany combined . The state of IO large a portion ofthe human race most clearly he of interest to the people of western Europe , more especially when it is considered that the civilization of the western nations may besaid to exist merely by sufferance , so long as the ninety millions of Slavonians are held in serfdom , instruments of aggression and barbarism , mere brute masses , obeying the will of one or two men called Emperors , who are the sworn enemies of progression , the irreclaimable foes of freedom .

      The Slavonian races are variously estimated at irom eighty-five to one hundred millions ; their principal divisions are Poles , Muscovites , Ruthenians , Hungarians , Bohemians , Servians , Moldavians , Bulgarians , and _WaUaehians . A glance at the map will show the enormous extent of territory occupied by these races , while their numbers sufficiently attest their overwhelming physical force . Were the Slavonians united by a common instinct of aggression and derated to their chiefs , it is evident that the wildest

      dreams of ambition might be -realised , and the free nations of the west be swept before the mighty flood j of Slavonian force . This , however , happily for mankind—happily for the Slavonians themselves , is but a dre & m . ; the force exists , bat is disjointed . True , tbe _xs-imion of these divided masses has commenced J the object of that union , however , can be no cause of alarm to Western Europe , but the reverse . That object is not aggression towards other races , bat _internal freedom—an object that most command onr warmest sympathy .

      There has bean lately published a most important work , from the pen of the author of " Revelations ef Russia , " entitied , " Eastern Europe and the Emperor Nicholas . " The author ' s avowed object is , "to point ont distinctly the frightful nature ofthe most extensive slavery in the world , and the direct guilty participation of the Russian Cabinet in it ; secondly , to show by recent instances , both in Russia and Poland , that-the fearful state of things which has been recently made public , is nofcamatterof past history , but of present and hourly occurrence ; and , thirdly , to call attention to the vast political changes which , at no distant day threaten to convulse the whole of E « stera Europe " Such a work as this demands our attention , and claims the consideration of onr readers . If the

      pabhc mind had been sufficiently enli ghtened to comprehend the great Slavonian question of which the Polish question ia but a part , the public would not hare been left at the mercy of the interested journalists who so recently devoted their pens to mystify the truth and uphold the wrong . The Poles are not the only people aggrieved by the systems at present established in Eastern Europe . All the nations above named , -suffer more or less the wrongs inflicted on the Poles , and not one yields a hearty support to the existing despotisms . Even the thirty-five _mil-Jions of Mnscovltes—the most passive and humble of all the Slavonian races—have no love fortheir * "Eastern Europe and the Emperor Nicholas . " By tiia Author of "Bevelationsof Bussia . '' London : T . C . ¦ _fcwby , 72 , Mortimer Street Cavendish Square .

      «« And J Will War, Al Least In Wards, {A...

      tyrant and his minions ; terror , not respect , prolongs their submission . ' All the other sections of the Slavonic family are dissatisfied , turbulent , and ready to revolt ; the attainment of her liberty hy Poland would be the signal for general insurrection , which would in all probability end in the dissolution of the Prussian , Austrian , Russian , and Turkish empires , as at present constituted . We shall , hereafter _. _show the heterogeneous and unstable composition ofthe Russian empire ; as regards the other three , a few words will suffice to show the rottenness of their organisation . The _thirty-seven millions of Austria ' s empire certainly , at the first

      glance , present a very formidable appearance , but the appearance is all . Ofthe pure Austrians , i . e . Germans , there are not more than six millions ; the remaining thirty-one millions being composed of " restless Italians , warlike Magyars , and discontented Slavonians , " all ready to plot against the empire of which they are supposed to form an integral part . The death of Metternich , a successful insurrection in Poland , or a new revolution in France , may , at any moment , dissolve this decrepidempire . Prussia cannot suffer to the same extent , but it is evident to all thinking men that the East tern provinces of that kingdom cannot be long re-l

      tained . Of the fourteen milh _' onsof Prussia ' s population not more than eight millions are Germans , the rest are disaffected Poles , anxious to resume their _nationality and sever from Prussia ; and this will certainly take place . But the destiny of Prussia may not be annihilation , on tbe contrary , relieved from the task of playing the contemptible part of " jailor and jackal to the Tsar , " Prussia may gather under its ascendancy all the German race , finally merging its own and all other state distinctions in the title of one great Germany . The Servian , Moldavian , Wallachian _, aud other contiguous aectionsof the Slavonic family , nominally belonging to the

      Turkish empire , do not comprise in their millions of population more at the utmost than one million of Turks . It is not unlikely that these states may form themselves into a federative union , perhaps , for some time to come , under the nominal governmentof the Ottoman Porte ; and this is a consummation to be desired . One thing is certain , that the present despotic structures are undermined , and mnst fall . Hitherto the despotisms have maintained their power by the trick of employing natives of one country to keep the others in slavery . Thus the provinces torn from aneient Poland by Prussia , have been garrisoned by German soldiers . Austria has

      employed German soldiers in Italy , and Italian and German troops in Poland , to keep down her disaffected subjects ; and the same policy has been acted on " n Hungary ,, Bohemia , & o . Russia , has employed the Ruthenians to coerce the Muscovites , 'the Muscovites to keep down the Poles , and forced the Poles to fight against the Circassians . But this system of fraud is becoming daily of less service . The Prussian soldiers are themselves drawn from tbe ranks of a people thoroug hly dissatisfied with the Prussian government , caring nothing for foreign conquests , but caring all for that liberty so long promised them —butof which they hare been so foully cheated . The fraternization ef Prussian soldiers with Polish

      " insurgents , " is an event not at all unlikely . It was lately Been that the Italian regiments in the service of Austria melted like snow when wanted to march against the Poles , and enough has been said to show tbat the troops of Slavonic origin cannot for a moment be depended upon for the protection of their masters . The Ruthenians , the principal military support of Russia , are themselves fast becoming innocnlated with Polish ideas ; and , as we shall hereafter show , the thirty-five millions of Muscovites averse to war , having no national * pride , and discontented with their own degraded state , are powerless to maintain the Russian despotism , which , rotten to the core , will perish before the first blast of the revolutionary hurricane .

      In our next we shall proceed to review the work , the title of which we have repeatedly quoted , giving such extracts as may . be necessary te [ illustrate the author ' s statements , aud elucidate his arguments . We desire that our readers may not infer that aU the ideas expressed in this article are in accordance with those of the author of " Eastern Europe . " In justice to Mm we must remark , that he is rather a progressionist than a revolutionist . We respect his ideas , but of course we must express our own . To him we are mainly indebted for the facts now in our possession , ofthe state of millions of our fellow-men , and it is of great importance that these facts should be

      made widely known . Great events must ere long happen , wliich will probably entirely change the present state of more than the half of Europe , and greatly affect . the state of the other half . It , therefore , is very essential that the British public should be able to distinguish between the Slavonic races and the usurping despotisms which at present rule them , so that when the press may teem with accounts of Austria dissolving nnder the assaults of Italians on the one side , and Slavonians on the other ; when Poland is in arms , and Russia abandoned to internal revolt , they ( the British people ) may know which party has claims on their sympathy , and whose cause they are bound by interest and honour to support

      The Battle Of Sobbaoif. (Extract From A ...

      THE BATTLE OF SOBBaOIf . ( Extract from a private Letter . ) Camp , before Lahore , Army of the Sutlej , Feb . 26 . Being one of those who were fortunate enough to escape with a sound head at the battle of Sobraon , on the 10 th instant , I take this opportunity of writing you a few lines . You will probably see the Commander-in-Chiefs despatch in the papers before this reaches you . We were in th ? thick ofit—in Brigadier Stacey's brigade , Sir it . Hick's division . The latter , poor fellow , - was shot through the stomach towards the close of the action ; we were almost crying when we saw him taken to the rear . His only regret waa , he said , that he could not lire to write bis own despatch and to do justice to bis division . Our

      artillery began to lire about sunrise on the morning of tbe 10 th . V 7 e had all got into position before daybreak . The first hour and a half was purely an artillery fight , but our artillery did not in any way appear to silence the enemy ' s guns , and about nine o ' clock the Commander-in-Chief sent orders far Sir B . Dick ' s division to advance and storm ( while the cannonade was going , Stacey ' s brigade was partly concealed in the dry bed of a river , so that tho enemy ' s cannon-shot , with one or two excep . tions , passed over ns ); Stacey ' s brigade deployed into line—10 th Foot on the right flank , 53 d Foot on the left , and 43 d and 59 th regiments of Native Infantry in the centre , _andJoff we went towards a place pointed ont by an engineer officer , where we were to storm . The line had not advanced far when the enemy had got our range , and the men began to fall in all directions ; a little farther

      and we began to feel their grape-shot coming among ns like hailstones . "When within about four hundred yards from the trenches we got the order to double , the artillery in OUT rear * and the Commander-in-Chief and all the staff gave a cheer , the regiment on the right of our lipe took it up and it went down the whole line , Sepoys and all cheering as loudly as they could , the whole line doubling aU the timt nnder a storm of grape and cannon shot such as you cannot possibly imagine . When their grape opened upon us I thought it certain deathbut , thank God , I did not get even a scratch . It was a mournful sight to see our poor fellows blown almost to pieces when we got close under the guns . Many were sent up into the air without the shot touching them , and the grape-shot strewed them by sixes and sevens , I lost nine men , killed and wounded , in the company which I

      commanded , and that is a small proportion compared to the loss among the _Europtaas ; they appear generally to draw a greater fire upon them . The fate of India almost depended npon as , and I think every one did his duty nobly . I felt sure that we were fighting in a just cause , and that 1 think tends ! o give one confidence . The slaughter was beyond anything you can imagine . If one weie spared , for the men , Europeans particularly , were infuriated . I suppose there was never heard such a roll of musketry as there was after we had gained the trenches . The enemy were driven in a mass headlong into the river . A rush was made for the bridge , and it gave way nnder the weight . The river seemed alive with wounded and drowning men , and in the meanwhile some horse artillery galloped up on the right and fired into the retiring masses . Their loss is stated at 10 , 000 . We have lost in "" rilled and wounded 2 . 400 . 86 officers . The AMees

      are the most daring men I have ever seen . Many rushed out singly with nothing but a sword , and attacked large bodies of men . I saw them trying to make cuts with theu * swords , with bayonets sticking in them . I think they must have been intoxicated . The Sikh artillerymen fought very bravely * they were strewed in neap 3 at their guns ; and , indeed , so did aU of them , except their cavalry j they never made a stand . There were several European tents in the _entrenchment , and furniture of different descriptions . I got a drink of water out of a soup plate ; it was a great boon , for I could hardly speak at the time from thirst , and , having got a good portion of clay into my mouth whin doubling , and no breakfast , I felt rather exhausted , it was all over by about eleven o ' clock , when the Commander-in-Chief and Governor-General and Staff rode in . The entrenchments then resounded with cheers , ana every one had his eyes fixed on

      The Battle Of Sobbaoif. (Extract From A ...

      tbe old chiefs frosty head , which was uncovered . General Mouton and the Spanish engineer , who constructed the Sikh works , were sent into our camp two days ago . I believe we can do nothing to them , the Sikhs used to talk of going to Calcutta , and then going and taking London;—what an idea 1 You need not be afraid of the bearded gentlemen going all the way to London . We are , I hear , to be presented with a Star and Clasp , in honour of the battle of Sobraon ; but something more UBeful , a donation of twelvemonths' batta _. is to be given to the troops a lieutenant ' s batta amounts to 1 , 400 rs . I hear we remain here until the final instalment of the

      indemnification money is paid , about the middle of next month . One instalment came in yesterday . Gholab Singh , the newly-created minister of Dhuleep Singh ( a minor ) , will _sgrae to anvtMug we choose to impose ; and no doubt Sir H . Hardinge will make a very stringent treaty , otherwise we shall have the same work next year . The 31 st Foot and 16 th Lancers go to England immediately . You will see Brigadier Stacey ' s brigade frequentl y mentioned in the Commander-in-Chiefs despatch , and also my regiment . 1 feel very proud of the manner in which the Sepoys bobaved , and devoutly thank Sod that 1 am safe ont of the action .

      American Working-Men's Movement. Emancip...

      AMERICAN WORKING-MEN'S MOVEMENT . EMANCIPATION OF LABOUR AND THE LAND . It bas been our painful duty at different times to _bsar evidence to tlie melancholy fact , that , despite the political institutions of the United States guaranteeing , or professing to guarantee , equal freedom to all , social inequality is continuall y advancing and becoming a marked feature of American society . In the United States , as in this country , the rich rule because they are rich , and . the poor are oppressed because they are poor . From a late number of the New York Sun we learn that the Philadelphia weavers have been on strike , and after suffering some

      weeks of starvation had been compelled to succumb to their employers , consenting to return to work at the old prices . The most shocking distress and degradation is proved to exist in New , York , Philadelphia , and other large cities , almost , _rivalling tlie worst " mysteries " of London , Liverpool , Glasgow , and Dublin . Contemporaneously with this state of things we find the utmost indifference manifested by the legislators of the country , towards the interests of the majority ; more than that , the rights of that majority are treated with brutal levity by their socalled representatives , as witness the following scene : —

      Several gentlemen claimed the floor ; among them , Mr . Mc _ConnSLtwho rose , he said , to a privileged question . The Speakek— . ( Rapping with his hammer to call the House to order . ) The gentleman rises to a privileged question . Mr . McConnih , —Yes , Mr . Speaker , I rise to a privileged question , I gave notice some time ago , of my intention to introduce a bill to give a homestead to every head ofa family . ( Laughter . ) . A dozen voices in different parts ofthe hall—" " ( t rad the _biU , read the bUl . " The _Speakeb again called to order , and persevered until he had partially produced it . The Clerk proceeded to read the bill , and after he had road the first two or three lines some ofthe members appeared to be satisfied , and cried out , "that ' s enough , " andotherB , " oh , no , "" goon , " "let ' s hear it all , " followed by peals of laughter .

      Mr . McConnell , disregarding the diversity of opinion , moved that the bill be referred to the committee ofthe whole on tbe state of the Union , and be printed . The motion _preraUed-This 13 just the treatment we might expect from our precious legislators assembled in St . Stephens ' s , —neither better nor worse . This same House of Representatives refused to print the Memorial ofthe National Reformers , on the subject of the Public Lands . These mis-representatives be it remembered have expended hours , days , and weeks in frothy declamation on the Oregon _question . The *? patriots " who have raised the ¦ whole or none war-whoep , stoutly insisting that millions of dollars should be expended , thousands of lives sacrificed , and torrents of blood shed , rather than yield an inch of land to the " Britishers , " do themselves treat tbe American people with the most brutal contempt , when they require a reform ef that system by which

      American land is robbed from the American people . " "What ' s in a name ? " Wherein do these so-called republican legislators differ from the avowed haughty aristocrats of Europe ? There is this difference , that the European aristocrats boldly avow themselves in their real characters , while the mushroom aristocrats of the American Congress disguise their tyranny and rapacity under the windy phrases , "liberty , " - " great republic , " " extension of our glorious institutions" & c , & c . Let the American people instead of shedding their blood for the Oregon , which , if acquired , would only benefit a few landrobbers , insist upon _having their own land at home , and they will not only perform the best service for themselves , but will also confer a lasting benefit on the human race generally . These views , we are glad to see are shared by not a few of our American brethren , as witness the following lesson , read to the war-mongers by the Editor _' of Young America : —'

      These war-mongers appear to have imbibed the ridiculous notion tbat they could induce the _Iscktawkra of tU present day to fight for the aggrandizement of ambition demagogues , as in ages past . Oregon belongs , in reasonable sized farms and lots , to whoever will go and settle it , not because some man bobbing over . the Pacific waves in a ship happened to see it first , or because someone sailed first a dozen miles up aiiver , but because tbey are willing to live there by their own labour ; and the two piratical claims of England and the United States ought to be settled on 49 , because that is the nearest they have come to it . Some one in charity should inform the Hotspurs of tbe Senate , that tbe people are 'fast settling dowB uponthh determination ; thai they- Will never fight except to acquire and defend their own Inalienable Homesteads . "' . ' . ' That ' s the doctrine , friend Evans , we " go the whole hog" for that same on this side ofthe water .

      While on this subject , we may give the following sensible article from Young America : —

      NO LAND , MO RIFLE ! The _following from an article by Albert Gallatin , wi * help to show landless men the folly of being enlisted in a war for Oregon till they have secured their right to the soil here where they were born . If landless men fight at all , it should be for the land for every mother ' s son , and nothing less . " It is equally untrue to assert that the poorer class of people , by which mnst be meant all the labourers , or generally those who live on' their wages , have nothing to hue by the war .

      " In this , and in other large cities , for every thousand merchants or men of capital who may be injured or thrown out of _business , there are ten thousand living on wages whose employment depends directly or indirectly on the commerce of those cities . The numbar of common la . bourers is proportionately in the purely agricultural districts . But it is evident that in both a _considerable number must be thrown out of employment , either by tbe destruction of commerce or in consequence ofthe lessened value and quantity of the agricultural products . And it seems impossible that this should take place without affecting the rate of wages , than which a more afflicting evil could not fall on community . There is no man of pure and elevated feelings who does not ardently wish that means could be devised to ameliorate the state of society in that respect , so as that those " who live by manual labour should receive a more just portion of the profits which are now very unequally divided between them and their employers .

      "But , even if the rate of wages wa 3 not materially affected , yet , when it is said that the poor have nothing to lose by tbe war , it mustbe because their lives are counted for nothing . "Whether militia , regulars , or sailors , the privates , tbe men who actually fight the battles , aro exclusively taken from the poorer classes of society . Officers are uniformly selected from the class which has some property or influence . They indeed risk gallantly their lives , bnt with the hopes of prometion , and of acquiring renown and consideration . According to tbe present system , at least of the regular army , it is extremely rare , almost impossible , that a private soldier should ever rise to the rank of an officer . In the course of a war thousands are killed , more die of disease , and the residue , when disbanded , return home with habits unfavourable to the pursuits of industry . And yet is asserted tbat they are predisposed for war , because tbey have nothing

      to lose . " Is not this sufficient , aside from the still more important moral considerations involved in the case , to induce the people of the United States to pause and reflect before rushing into a bloody contest for a paltry strip of land , which can be of little more use te them than the same quantity of territory in the moon S " "No vote , no musket ! " the cry in England" No land , no rifle ! " the cry in America—will soon teach the rulers of both countries that the peop le have too much sense to engage in mutual throatcutting for the benefit and " glory" of the worthies * classes who alone could profit by a war . Tho people of both countries have a nobler mission . " Wait a little longer , " and that mission will be seen . Up to March 21 st , meetings in support of the free soil principle were held in New York nightly . We have the pleasure of announcing the important fact , that

      TUB GERMAN _COMMITXISTS of New York have united with TUE DEMOCRATIC LANS _REFORMERS _enmasse . _^ The principal speakers at the New York meetings are Mr . George IL Evaus , editor of Young America ; Mr . 'f . O'Connor , editor of the Irish Volunteer ; and Mr . _Krtkob , editor of The Tribune of thc People ( German Communist journal ) . To these we must add , Messrs . Bovat . Mannin , Windt _. Wkst , _andCoMiuRroRn ; besides several other ardent workers in the good cause . Speaking of the progce 3 _ij of tbe movement , the Irish Volunteer says : —

      The National Refobm _Movemen t is progressing , as we anticipated , with gigantic stvides . Newspapers are starting all over the country tu advocate it , and some of

      American Working-Men's Movement. Emancip...

      the _•* " : '' _- < "Pectable papers in the Union are lending a hand in discussing its merits . Scarcely a section of the western country that does not exhibit a desire for information upon the subject , Here in New York meetings are held almost nightly upon the subject , all crowded with attentive auditors , who are captivated with the sublime simplicity of its remedy for the thousand ills that are grinding down the labouring classes . In Brooklyn , we fiBd that the honest Democracy have unfurled the flag of Reform , determined to vote for no man that is notfor freeing the public lands in limited quantities for actual settlers .

      The movement ismakingprogress in Pennsylvania . In _Pittsburgh ( the American Birmingham " ) , the Free Soil cause is the leading topic of discussion among all classes . Large meetings are holden , and the word is - ' Onward . " Mr . _Rtckmanis lecturing through the western counties of the State of New York , and everywhere enrolling converts under the Land banner . Thc period for electing the principal officers of the city of New York drawing nigh , the Reformers were bestirring themselves to obtain the election of men p ledged to their principles . A sincere reformer named Ransom Smith had been put in nomination for mayor and the following queries were addressed to him by the association : — New York , March 9 th , 1846 . Sib , —Al the last meeting of the National Reform

      Association , you were unanimously nominated for the office of May or of this city , and , as the Association appointed no com a-it ' 66 to communicate with you on the subject , I consider it my duty as Secretary to address yon in accordance wit h the organization of the Association and its recentac _tion . to obtain an " . e * preM _* 6 ti of your views , and therefore propound to yeu the following queries : — ' 1 st , Will you , if elected , use all the influence of your station to limit the quantity of land that any individual , company , or corporation shall hereafter acquire , so that gradually the soil shall be restored to the people , until every family shall have a Home of which fraud' or force can never deprive them ?

      2 nd . Will you , if elected , use your official influence to provide all the destitute of the city , who are unjustly de . prived of their right to the soil , with good nnd sufficient food , clotbinir , and shelter , and an education for their ch ildren befitting republicans , until they . can , through the notion of our State and National Government , have ft _cfKriies to obtain these by their own exertions , on their own _rfomesteads ; so that Republican Citizens may no longer be disgraced by street _begginir , disease , intemperance , and crime _arising from deprivation ofthe means of useful employment ? 3 rd . Will you appropriate all the income of your office under the laws , over a thousand dollars , to the National Reform Association , to carry forward the Free Soil Movement , and use your influence to regulate all sa ' aries of public offices according to actual duty performed , and to what similar labours would acquire in industrial _occunations ?

      4 th . If Congress should declare war about Oregon before makinir the Public Lands free , will yoa use your offici 1 influence to put an endto tbe war as soon as possible , and to prevent any landless man from being forced into it ? The Republican s of _England have raised tho hanner of "No Vote _. ' no MuBketi" Will you second their exertions by raising the banner "No Zand , no Musket" ? Many other important questions occur to me , connected with the hig h station vou have been nominated to fill _, and with the interests of the 400 000 human beings crowded so unnaturally on this Island ; but , as the above are all that I am aware of respecting which the Association have expressed their views , I do not feel authorized to ask further questions in their name , Respectfully . Geoeoe H . Evans . Ransom Smith .

      We hare given the above letter because tbe queries cannot fail to interest our readers . It will be seen that the " No Vote , No Musket" cry , in this countryis responded * to by our brethren . Mr . Smith ' s reply Is too lengthy to extract entire , bnt we may state that , _although he declines the nomination , he heartily respondsto the several queries . The following is the concluding portion of his reply : •—The great principle of freeing the land and _limiting the quantity is destined to become the great topic of the age . It is the centre round which revolves our rights and our liberties . The people having discovered land , and been led to see their nauiral right to it , their voices will be heard , their just demands cannot be stayed . "Their _redewptiondrawethniKh . " They have the nower in their own hands and tbey will use it .

      The people shouldnoldthe appointing power , and never delegate it to Executive hands , for this makes bad government , and too much of it ; creates State Debts without the consent of the people ; and is Anti-Republican and dangerous to our liberties and natural rights . The greatest achievement ever yet obtained by the spirit of Liberty over the adverse Spirit of Tyranny , is our near approach to Universal Suffrage . This great and inestimable boon , which constitutes the bulwark of our liberties , must not be lost sight of , till all are entitled to one vote ; for it is only by the united efforts of a majority of the voters , that the land measure can be carried . When _Univetsal Suffrage has wrought this great and mighty work for us , may we not look for the promised period , when all war and the paraphernalia of war will become " extinct , and the wilderness and solitary place bloom and blossom as the rose ; when we may sit under our own vine and fig-tree , with none to molest or make us

      afraid ; when universal education , happiness and brotherhood , shall no longer be a mere name and phantom to deceive the people ? "We were never made to live without a rig ht to tbe earth to live upon , and there is no moral human power for one part of the human family to deprive the other of this _Diuine Bight . Wo have been and are educated to look upon the Bar and the Bench with great _respeet and a sort of holy reverence ; but it is not glory enough for me to march in the footsteps of such illustrious predecessors and heroes as our past i > nd present imperfect institutions "have furnished . Let us learn to reve . rence and respect the crow bar and the work bench , and consider the " _jDiuinitji o / iflbotir . " Labourers must respect themselves and each other , and remember that in their union is their strength , before tbey can expect the high , the lofty and the aristocratic to respect them aa equals ; and , "they that would be free , themselves must strike the blow . "

      A large open-air meeting in the Park was to be held on Monday the 6 th of April , the day preceding tbe election . Further extracts next week .

      Social Reform.

      SOCIAL REFORM .

      Under Tbis Bead Wo Propose To Notice All...

      Under tbis bead wo propose to notice all efforts _beihgjmade , or that may bo mnde _. to . improve the social condition of the people . It is our own conviction that the shortest road to social reform would be to invest the " people with their political rights , and thus enable them to obtain justice for themselves ; still if only partial amelioration is obtainable funder the present system , even tbat partial amendment will be welcomed by us . Foremost amongst the various social amendments _suggested we must notice the efforts now being made to improve the dwellings ofthe poor . A society calling itself the ** Hedltli of Towns * Association , " has been in existence for some time past , having for Us object the promotion of

      SANATORY REFORM . The association is under the presidency of the Makquis of _Normanhy , and comprises in its committee a number of leading public characters in and out of parliament ; the following are the objects of the society . — I , To diffuse among the people the valuable information elicited by recent inquiries , and the advancement of science , as to the physical and moral evils that result from tbe present defective sewerage , drainage , supply of water , air , and light , and construction of dwellinghouses .

      II . To correct misconception as to the expense ofthe requisite measures , and to remove groundless apprehensions as to interference with existing pecuniary . interests . ' III . To devise and to . endeavour to obtain some better means than at present _exint _, for the investigation of the causes of mortality in any locality , and for the more effectual protection of tho public by the prompt removal of those noxious causes wliich are proved to bo removable . IV . To facilitate legislative enactments and their application , by the diffusion of sanitory information bearing on the several points . And , Y . To encourage the establishment of Branch or Auxiliary Associations , not _, ' merely with a view to the loca l benefit that mast thence arise , but also as the means of obtaining a larger amount of funds , and a more extended field of usefulness .

      Since its establishment this society has done much towards carrying out the first of the above objects . By thc courtesy of Hbnrt Austin , Esq ., thesecrctary ,. we have been put iu possession of several reports of lectures , dsc ., published by the association , containing much valuable information , whioh it is _essontial should be diffused as widely as possible . With this view we propose ( with the committee ' s sanction ) to extrwt largely from the society ' s publications in future numbers of this paper . This week we give the following extract from a new monthly periodical , entitled '• Our Own Times , " which certainly nhowa the pressing necessity for a sweeping sanatory change . The place described is " Jacob ' s Island , " a locality in the neighbourhood of Dockhead , Bermondsey , known to the readers of " Oliver Twist " as the place where the ruffian Sykes made bis exit .

      It Is an extraordinary scene , reminding one of an old Flemish street . Imagine first a stagnant canal—its contents rather watery mud than muddy water—a noisome place , encrusted with layers of soot which float motionless on the thick waters , their aspect made still more hideous by the hairy morsels of decomposition with which tbey are thickly studded , and which were once dogs nnd cats . Imagine this _pestilential ditch bounded , and its reeking banks ormed , by a long successio n of picturesque wooden dwellings , old , crazy , crumbling , in some places leaning heavily over the mud , in others settling down bodily into it % Imagine their odd , whimsical outline—their high peaked garrets—their patched cumbered masses of woodwork—jutting into all manner of fantastic outworks , abounding in odd angles , forming galleries and projecting stories , and rude balconies , which overhang the stagnant mud , thc wholo irregular mass

      Under Tbis Bead Wo Propose To Notice All...

      black with smoke , age , and dirt . Imagine two rows of such _tenement'forming a narrow water-street arched over by numerous wooden bridges , coarse clumsy erections once and how crumbling with age and rot , the eye m its onward progress ever and anon Int ercepted by oars and poles protruding from the houses on either side , and fluttering with linen so stained and streaked , that it seems to have been washed in the ditch beneath for years , and so frowsy aud mildewy that it can never be got thoroughly dried . Imagine all this—imagine many of the houses _tenantleis ; imagine many ofthe props whieh support them over the dead waters soaked through by

      tbe green slime , and long since given way under the superincumbent weight , leaving por tions of the dwelling , masses of dark ruins ; imagine' under those which still remain elevated upon their piles , ' planks and bocrds sticking dowa wards , thff remains of what have once been floors ; picture this desolation and poverty , the fetid ditch , the decayed dwellings , and you have au idea of the western and most picturesque frontier of Jacob ' s Island . We have said that many of these houses are unoccupied . Were you to set foot on their decayed floors , you would go down with a crash _thrnngh the rotten wood , as through a trap-door , into the slime beneath .

      But there are dwellings which boast of inhabitants , and their aspect is in many instances less squalid than would naturally be expected . The dwellers in Jacob ' s Island arc poor , neglected people , striving to lire amid the dismal stenches and filth of the place ; for they have no means of quitting it . Many are , of course , squalid , fever-stricken beings—dirt and rags the prevailing characteristic of their appearance ; but you occasionnlly come upon symptoms of hard struggling decency , which the horrible features of the place scarcely led you to look tor . Again , you see slatternly drabs of women make their appearance at the projecting galleries to stare at the stranger who appears to be invading their domains , Little unkempt savages poke their furry heads out of

      garret windows ; lean miserable dogs—chained np in starvation and stench , amid masses of mouldering woodwork and dismal lumber ofbroken " ' chairs and tables , ' which have been pushed out of doors , and huddled upon sinking platforms , gradually moving downwards to the mudraise themselves and howl dismally . But there are few other signs of life . ' Nothing , according to the vulgar phrase , is stirring but stagnation . With the exception of one or two petty shops upon tho landward side , there _seomftiw wares to huy , few people to buy them , and little money to buy them with . The buzz of a busy neighbourhood is around you , you have just emerged from all the outward signs and symbols of _commi-rcial wealth , but here you are in a region of poverty , want , fever , and filth .

      Suddenly , perhaps , you will be startled by a _splashin-r in the ditch . ; A woman is leaning over the railings of one of the balconies , drawing by means of a bucket and rope , water from the conglomerated filth below . Ton observe that she has got a knack of swishing the pail backwards and forwards , in ordw to procure the purest possible bucketful of the forbidding fluid . After watch * in * -a repetition of this process at two or three other houses , we vcnlnred to accost one of the drawers of thisby courtesy—water' That must be terrible stuff to wash with . Tou can clean nothing with that , ' * Wash!—clean ! ' echoed tho woman , hauling up a pailful , half mudand half water . ' What ar » you a talking about ? Why , we drinks it . * -

      Good heavens 1 We looked ag .-tin down into the slough . In some places it was green from decomposition , moveless In _itg putrescence , consisting of cast away boots and shoes , and rusted bottomless rem . iins of tin utensils . It only wanted one more stage of rot to give us something like that hideous ocean' Where slimy things did crawl with legs Upon the slimy sea . ' _Drinkitl _* ' Why , Sir , ' continued our informant , we must drink " that ' ere or none . ' ' Can ' you not go to the river ! 'tis not a hundred paces ?' ' The watermen say as they hare privileges , and wo'nt let us fetch it nt their stairs . ' ' Are there no pumps 1 ' ' Yes , one , but it is kopt locked . ' 'No water pipes in this part of the island of coarse _? ' ' 'Lor' ! no ! Water companies do'nt come to poor folks like we—in eourse not . "

      ' WeU , does not this ditch communicate with the river ? Does it not , at least , rise and fall with the tide sometimes V * It did—long ago—and there ' s still sluices by which thoy can run the water into the river , and lot in fresh . ' ' And , why , in heaven ' s name , is not that done every day . ' ' Why , you see—tho sluices is private property , nnd the man as owns them 'ill only open them when he likes —not when we like . The place where them sluices is , was a mill in the old times , and worked by tide—but it don't go now . ' Then you have fever here often , have you not ?'

      'Thewoman shook her head—her sunken eye and hollow cheeks bespoke for her of the pestilential atmosphere . And how could it be otherwise 1 The filthy , choky dwellings are bathed in 'he reeking exhalations of the _decaying mud . It is bad enough amid the frosts of winter , but when a hot sun pours down its powers upon the fermenting mass—when the breezo is lulled , and the whole place sleeping in the glaring summer ' s afternoon—every stifling volume of vapour which rises from the ditch is the very breath of typhus ! There is surely good need of a " Health of Towns ' Association" when such places as " Jacob ' s Island " exist within the limits ofthe " great metropolis ;" but what a disgrace to the government and legislature is the existence of such places . . They cannot plead ignorance , for both were fully informed of

      these deplorable evils many years ago . So far back as May , 1838 . it was officially declared "that tlie annual loss of life from filth and bad ventilation is greater than { the loss from death or wounds in any wars in which tbe country has been engaged in modern times , " and yet nothing has been done to check tbis enormous waste of human life . Towards the close of the last session of Parliament there was laid on the table a measure known as the " Towns ' Drainage Bill , " which has laid there ever since , without progressing one step towards adoption by tho Commons . This delay is disgraceful to the government , and not Jess disgraceful to those persons , who , belonging to the Health of Towns' Commission , have in that capacity enforced the necessity of remedial

      measures , and yet , as members of Parliament , quietly allow month after month , and year after year , to pass away without urging on the reforms they know to be so necessary . WeU does ! the 7 i '» t _« ssay , that , "if , instead of being Royal Commissioners , they had been railway director . * , and if , instead of the welfare of ihe labouring population , their own dividends nnd _aalariea had depended on their recommendations being acted on , no one can doubt that their activity would have been somewhat greater than it has been . " "We do not blame them for hot being as active as if their ' pecuniary interests had been at stake , or for not being Quixotes in tbe cause of philanthropy ; but we do blame them for manifesting an utter indifference to the adoption of those measures whioh , _t-iking them at their word , they believe to bo of great and pressing importance . "

      The People's Property. (From The Nation....

      THE PEOPLE'S PROPERTY . ( From the Nation . ) Is the Irish Land tenure question to be dealt with by legislation , with forethought , with due regard to existing interests , and upon any _sottled principle—or , is it to ba permitted to stand as it is until the social evils . of this island shall havo become intolerable , and then alUwcd to find a solution for itself as it best can ? To one or other ® f these issues we are coming , A revolution in the whole system of holding land—either a rapid or a gradual one , either legislative or in 9 urreccionnty , either peaceful or bloody—is assuredly at hand ; and it behoves all men , and specially those men wha-hare a potential voice in public affairs , and who have the most at stake , to consider well which of these ways they will choose . It is needless to talk of tho " difficultj" _* of this Land question—were it ten times as difficult it absolutely must be met , must be grappled with , must be dsalt with decisively by law , and that soon , or the ot ' icr alternative comes in .

      Let it not be said that this is a threat . It io simply a statement of the task that lies before us to be done , ors at our peril , to be left undone . Surely there is no ra ,. _tionul being in all Ireland who is not _convinced in lua heart that the relation of landlord and tenant camwt ,. and will not , stand long in its present state . Even She Repeal ef the Union and extinction ofthe absentee-drain , though it wonld mitigate tbe disease , _coidi only remove further off the inevitable day when some decided : step must be taken lo eure it . Well , then , it is full time that these who desire political and . social changes to be brought about : peacefully , should take counsel together , and devise same plan whiuh may be both practicable and just to all parties . In order to come to the consideration of tha- matter in >

      band with any chance of success , it Li fi « t _nacessiiry to get rid of all feelings of irritation , of obsolete-animos ' _uas , and , above all , of cant . It is needful , on the one side _^ to admit tbat landed proprietors , as a t-lasa , are not absolute demons exulting in the groans of their victims ,, and gloating over the despair of homeless widows and _famishing children—but are indeed men , often unfuttunate , deeply mortgaged , and sorely persecuted men , hunted by bailiffs , and much beset by sheriffs . On the other hand , it would be well to have it admitted that there is no dark , and hideous , and universal conspiracy of poor against rich , or the Catholic against the Protestant , organised by Jesuits , and having for its objoet to make ' tbe Pope temporul ruler of Ireland , to hand aver the revenues of tbe Established church to the Propaganda College , and her Clergy and Communicants to th * Holy office . "We absolutely require these to be taken as postulates .

      Another admission we should be . inclined , to ask forthat the " rights of property" aro applicable to the poor as well as to the rich—that every man ' s labour is his own Indefeasible birthright—and that , in auy future arrangement to be made , tke rights of property on both sides aro to be religiously guarded and held sacred . Taking these things for grauted—assuming that Irish landlords are not evil demons and carnivorous Ghouls that tenants are not naturall y foul conspirators and fsmi . liars of tho Inquisition—that a proprietor has an absolute right to the fair proceeds of his lands , and that a peasant may claim to eat bread ( according to the curse )

      The People's Property. (From The Nation....

      n the sweat of hi * tow , we do b _li-- » "e that a _raiit-nnU _, and practical _ndjunmtnt of the difficulty might be " at . !; tained . At any rate \ he tfcin _^ is worth a trial . One _proposal _haiimr for its object to solve this Land question , is contained in a Jei ' ter I ' rom Mr . _Pn-vden _, ' the late Mnyor of Cork , which wa * _rend in tho Repeal Association , and last week puhlishedat _length in ' Jhe Nation . Mr . Dowden inn Protestant gentleman of ability and ex . ' _perience . and of high char ' cter , deeply respected by his . / fellow-citizens , and certainly no reckless _rerohiHfnist j- _'¦ but ho sees that the time has crime to choose between ' sound legislation and utter anarchy , af _. d very wisely prefers the former . * . " # # # ' * ¦

      Mr . _Dswden would also give every reasonable security " to holders at will .-mil lessees , that they should be comp ensated for improvements . The transfers t » be cffecirbV through his Und . om . ces would ncecfsavily be _gi-ddunt and in thc . meantime lie would afford the renters , or , a » he phrases it , the borrowers , ot land sueh protection as their d efenceless state requires . # ¦ ¦ # # * . # ¦' The ultimate end , however , wliich Mr . Dowdi- ' n desires * toarrive at , is gradually lo convert Ihe tentint- » l . ivfc 9 of Ireland into _fee-siniple pro | _-rietors . # * * * * A second plan is put forward by a writer who U » s published two or threw letters in the Times newspaper , and siuns himself * D . L . " He would hive a _i-reiit Land Company establish _^! by'Act of P ! irli ! imQnt ,. . consistln ! r of Irish aiid English capitalists , who would use the schiine

      as an investment of money—with power to buy ; nsln estates in large masses , and to a . 'lot them in convenient : proportions io tenants in fee for ever , charged with the payment ofa certain sufficient purchase-money to the Company by way of nnnu -1 instalment , until all should be paid , when the tenant would have his land In feesimple for ever . The writer conceives that the annual instalment of the purchase-money , in order to remunerate , the Company , need not be much , if at all _greatvi ' , than what ia now often charged as yearly rent to tenants * at-will . Of course tho same Act ' whim ' should establish the Company would also enable proprietors to sell , notwithstanding family settlements or other claims , and would create a public , office , whose business it _shnuld ha

      so to distribute and Hpply the jmrchase-money as to preserve the int . rest * of _cxpt-ctants , reversioners , and creditors . The _objection to thin project is , that tin : expense of working a v _« st Company , with all its offices and officers , and , still more , the payment of dividends upon shares , would absorb a largo proportion ofthe capital with which the tenants are expected to make their purchases—would , in fact , be a heavy drain upon th . eir industry , over and above what would , at any rate bu required from a cottier , in order to convert himself into a proprietor in fee . And _anoih-.-r objection is , that the very idea of English speculators ~ -undertaking Irish binds must be , from old associations , highly ' unpopular and suspicious . We have had far tou much English land jobbing in Ireland already .

      A Wiird proposal has been made , which woultl get rid of both these objections . ' It ii a simple enactment , Unit any occupier of land , under any tenure whatever ,, shall he entitled , from the moment his tenancy begins , to purchase out his landlord ' s interest—at . certain rates , to be determined according to the circumstances , value of the land , & . c . —thut is , a cottier may . buy thu whole interest of his own immediatu landlord ( say . a middleman ) in his holding ,. whether large or small—then , placing h ' m . uflf in the position of the middleman , he would be entitled to buy the entire interest from the next landlord , _s-nd f _= o ascend to the proprietor in fee , until , at last , he should be the sole owner of his own farm . This would go one step further than either of the _fir-. tmentiqned projects ; for whereas they would only permit _, this would compel a proprietor to sell , on being " tenderer ! the suitublepurchascmoney , by any tenant holding im mediately under him ,

      Nobody can doubt that , undor any of these three arrangements , money would soon be forthcoming to . buy large _trarlcs of land , and create a numerous class ot independent _frcoholdi-rs . Even with all the present discouragements to improvements , we see how much money can be occasionally amassed b ? small farmers , who dare not invest it in land not their own , and straightway cany it off to America , depriving their own country of so much labour , thrift , industry , mind , and money—and leaving behind them a state of society Klnhini ! oven , lower and lower downward , by a continual repetition of this

      exhausting process . If we had the ruturn culled for by _. Mr . Dowden , ofthe actual capital carried across the Atlantic for the last twenty years—and ii we _calculate how much the same industry which created it would have since increased it—and if we _considi-r the stimulus to exertion and improvement that the hope of bettering his condition —of standing at last , even in his old age , a free man upon his own soil—would give to the now _downtrodden and hopeless Irish peasant , we may understand how soon the soil of Ireland might change hands , if land monopoly were once abolished .

      New , we say that in one or other of these three ways , or . by some combination of them , or in some other way , provision must speedily be made for revolutionising tho vbole social condition of tbis island , and gradually abolishing , the " relation of hndl « r < l aud tenant ; " or that the matter will otherwise Und its _b-vel , pirhaps byvery rugged and stormy ways . There is absolutely nothird alternative : and for ourselves we much prefer the peaceful and _legislative method . We are Conservatives in this matter— Conservatives of social ordir _, of law aud justice ,. of " Life and Property . " The present system does not work : it has disorganised society , and created an abhornnce of Law and a sympathy with crime : it is produ : tive of starvation , misery , revenge , extermination , exile , murder , disease and death . Shall _s-ociety be reorganised upon some better system , while it is yet time ; or must it go to Utfer wreck , and be horn _ag-ain out of the womb of chaos ?

      [ In reply to the above , we have merely to observe , that , for years past we have been recommending the above policy to-the Irish people ; we . have been recommending the application- to their funds to the above national purpose , while _tlusliisli press has ken allowing a reckless expenditure of their pence . We have already established the Charter Society for moreextensive purposes than those recommended by Mr-Dowden , whose letter we published in the . iter of last week . We , that in the Shartist Go-operative Land Association , are the Chartered company for the purchase , _BiibHiirisit-n _, and conveyance of _lawd to _theworking classes , in such proportions as will suit theindividual capacity of each . We agree with the Nation that attention will be directed from the shadow to the substance , anil that what capital , oppression , and . the law has withheld from the labouring _classaa possession ofi the land can alone confer .

      Let the Nation then be the first in tbe tield of thi & honourable competition .. Let tho ' 82 club '' doff" " their cockatoo feathers and dress themselves in frizesas the- national manufacture , and wo _pledgeour _^ selves that their laud meetings , will give an impetua to _the-repeal question which all Uidr _regniarole and bombast has tailed to commu & icate to it . We do noi ask such Irish association ta- be oircumscribed by ourrules , which limit occupation to two , three , or four acres , because the scheme- must be in accordnncewith national requirements and , therefore , the allotmeats In Ireland may be from live to twenty acres , beenuse thc country is wholly _njiricnkui-al and because the present scantiness of markets would not offer- a- sufficient remuneration , sufficient to enable the several occupants- to purchase the fee of their several _holdinc _? ..

      t The monopoly of _IninMed to the French Kayolu-. _ivinn . t . bft mnnnnnVv of " faniV . if not iheekeiUwill lead _to-thedismemberment of the _Aun-rican Union , and in spite of ihe best exeations of . Peel , Russell , the freetrader , and _O'Gonneil , or all united by the monopoly of land , if not cheeked * will lend to a revolution in . England and- Ireland . Again , then , we invite thenation andiall-with ' Iriili . nearts to join us in an in * cessant crusade against a monopoly whieh subjects _, the poo ? to periodical famine while the rich feel nener of its horrors or are able to contend against itsseverity .: —En . Jt . &"| :

      Taiikonapiiis Communication*. Undkb. Tin* Ska.—- The British Government By The Lords Commissioners

      _TaiiKonAPiiis Communication * . Undkb . tin * Ska . — - The British government by the Lords Commissioners

      ot the Admiralty , and the _Preneli government bj _* thc Minister-of the Interior , have granted permissiort to . two _gentlemen , the _projectors of the sub-marines telegraph ,, to lay it down from coast to coast . . Th & site _sen-dml ia from Cape _Grisnes . or from _Gapa _Blancnessi . _on the French side , to _t- ae South Foreland _,, on the English cmst . The soundings between _thesei headlands are gradual * varying from seven fathoms * near tbe . shore on either side , to a maximum of 3 f

      _fathotaa-inmi & _chnnnel . . The Lords of the Admiralty have also granted permission to . the same _gentlemen to lao \ down a sub-marine telegraph between Dublin _ami'Uplyhead , which is to be Garried on fiom the latter place to Liverpoo , * and _Lctn _' on . The _sublEOrine telegraph across tho English Channel will , however ,, be the one _fn-st laid dowu . The materinla for . this are alread y _undergoing the process of insulation , aiid are in tliat state of forwardness which wiil enable the projectors to have them completed asd _placed iii ; position , so that a telegraphic communication can : be transmitted across the Channel about , thfi

      firsi wcelt in June . "Whim this is completed , an electric telegraph will be established from the const to- Paris ,, and thence to Marseilles , This telegraph throughout France will he immediately under the _* direction of the French government , as , according . */) the law of 1 S 3 _T _, nil telegraphic _comwuntcatii , n through that country are under the _' _absolute con trol and superintendence ofthe Minister of tho _Intc nor . Upon the completion of the snb-mariue _telegraph across the English Channel , it is stated » _, bat a similar one , on a most gigantic scale , will be attempted to be formed , under the immediate <* _-nct ' pn

      , and patronage of the French nd-uiiiistr & ti'ju . This is no less than that of connecting the shon _^ of Africa with those of Europe by the same insti muenlalitv ; thus opening a direct and lightning lik _'< j communication _betwi-en "Marseilles and _Algeria . Jt has been doubted by several scientific men whether this is practicable , am ) , indeed , whether _tveu _tlieprojtct between the coasts or Franco and England can he accomplished ; but it has been _proved , by experiments , the most satisfactory in theij . _' . mujis that not only can it he effected , but effect without any consider _, able difficult y . —We Globe . '

      * It Is Unnecessary I0 Give The Ixtracis...

      * It is unnecessary i 0 give the _ixtracis from Mr . "Dowden ' _s letter quote * In the A _' _ation , ns the whole of the letter appeared in tlio Star of Saturday last .

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), May 2, 1846, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_02051846/page/7/