Current:

Northern Star (1837-1852), 2nd March 1850, Edition 3 of 3, Page 3, THE LORDS AND COMMONS. WHAT DO THEY DO? ...

Page 3
Page 3
3 of 8

On this page

  • Departments (3)
    • WBttVf
    • tifWf-UJ<
    • wanrtie*. '^°^:-r^-
  • Text (12)
  • Transcript

    • Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.

      Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.

      Imwrtaotvactthat In The Wealth Munzklw. ...

      _munzKlW . Tg _^| TO _^ JI , i ; _Ry , ST , Alt , 3 i 4 WX _&* _^ __^^^ _- _^ _Ma _, M _, _---- _*********** _-- _* _- _**** _MM- _**** _- t _***** _- _^

      Wbttvf

      _WBttVf

      The Klngi-Ffist Pbom; ,R •« Who In Ft No...

      THE _KlNGI-ffiST pBOm _; , _r _•« who in ft nohle work ' ; * ' Ho-y _' _! , _agflames draw-air , — J _^ -SV » _rwnei « lions lark , . _^^ _Lvelybear _,: ¦ - _^ h _Sble-tned _and torture-torn-SfffiS * crown ' s a crown of _j thorn ! , _£ - calory , like the how in heaven , . _^• fl i & _eth _* rom fte cloud ; - _^ _-- r _^ n _' s fire-ch ariot rode : - _^ _% _St _^ d _^ _whoV 1 ) oldliest borne _SeWest crown _-s acrownof thorn ! _^ _LaW in -Oeath ' _sceremenfcsleeps , .. " _^ _Kars beie _« el darkness , __ _fiouVs _& _o" _HeaindimhearWeeps ; _^ d & th «* suffering ' s _sterkness : _ThfmSt honris mother of morn : - "• "" * Gerald Masset

      A LIT FOR LORD GREY . _^ anti _gnatea proverb iff * _^ i have heard declare , Onr dinners sent from Heaven , Our cooks from-all know where Thus reasoning , _—« w conntry ; * May very truly say , One _nower sends her colonies ,

      Another sends _her—weyi As on fair Eng land ' s conquests , ( A fact some folks forget , ) So on her suffering children , The sun can never set ; And should the cause be questioned , When eomesthe settling day , «« Hnmanity " wiU surely ' "Arise , and thunder— Grey I The ' liberal" politician , ussiawiles

      _-ffhotalks of R ' s , Tet sends the butcher , Ward , to Mast The feir Ionian isles ; -Who loves Italian liberty , _-Rlth O'Ferrall in his pay , Ana teaches , too , Australia To curse the name of Grey . "Who winks at Dyak massacres , And Torrington ' s misrule ; " Now blusters like a knave , and

      "Sow blunders like a fool ; "Who talks about good government , "While Elliotts have their sway , And answers calls for justice By sending- out a Grey ! No wonder , then , in Canada , That loyal men shonld grieve ; No wonder that the Cape declined The convicts to receive ; Xo wonder in Australia

      We find the den to pay , For we know who gave tis colonies—We guess who gave us Grey ! _—Posqmn

      Tifwf-Uj≪

      tifWf-UJ <

      Thb Democratic Review Of British And For...

      THB DEMOCRATIC REVIEW OF BRITISH AND FOREIGN POLITICS , _HISTORY AND LITERATURE . Edited b y ( J . JOTIA 3 I Haksey . No . X March . Lonaon : J . Watson , 3 , _Qneen _' s-head Passage , Paternoster-row . "Haying described , and exposed the injustice aid evil effects of the taxes on paper and advertisements in the February No . of the Renew , the Editor this month takes np the most important of the Taxes on Knowledgethe Penny Stamp on Newspapers ; and traces the history of that tax from the time of its first imposition in the reign of Queen Anne , down

      to the passing of the law of 1836 , b y which the exaction , was reduced from fourpence to one penny . The next article exposes the wholesale robbery perpetrated by onr irresponsible rulers , under cover of what is called "Indirect Taxation . " "The Ten Hours Question " is the title of an article whicli is sure to excite great interest , and , possibly , some discussion . We venture to predict that , while it will not greatly please those who are purely and simply Ten Hours Bill men , it will meet with more than the approval of those who are " Ten Hours Bill men , and something more . " It is an article which all classes may

      read with advantage , although , most likely , it will call down on its author ' s head the hot indignation of those who live by speculating in the labour , and making profit of the blood and sinews of the wealth-producers . "A Glance at History , " part 2 , is chiefly occupied with an examination of Cicero ' s version of Catiline's conspiracy . The author of the "Glance " eloquently and justly lays bare the vices of Cicero ' s character ; at the same time denouncing the corruption and mendacity which have dMnguished hy far the great majority of

      public orators , political writers , and historians in all countries , at- all times . "Fourier ' s Theory" presents an outline ofthe principles and new social arrangements so laboriously developed b y the founder of _thePhalansterians . "Anniversary ofthe French Revolution , '' is followed by an article exposing the atrocities committed by "The Bloodthirsty Ordermongers . '' The "Past and the Present" is a capital specimen of American poetry . The Letters from France and Germany , and "Political Postcript , " conclude the contents of this number .

      We extract the following from the article headed

      LEGAL PLCXDER . Otherwise , and according to Act of Parliament , termed " ISMRECT TAXATIOK , " The total amount ofthe taxes is above fifty-seven millions annually . When to this amount we add local rates , tithes , dues , and other payments for the support ofthe church , the law establishments , -Sec ., the total of taxation in all shapes , and nnder all names , cannot fall short of one hundred miliums I Tet from the time of Lord North to the present , servile writers , and venal apologists of public abuses , have affected to wonder at , and condemn , what they have been pleased to term " an ignorant impatience of taxation . " Ignorant impatience ,

      indeed ! The ignorance has been allied to tne too great patience usually manifested by the people nnder the weig ht of their grievous burdens . Their impatience is the best proof of their growing intelligence . Were the taxes levied directly instead of indirectly , the impatience of the tax-ridden people would soon induce a kind of popular action anything bnt agreeable to , ov safe for , the tax-eaters . 2 fot for one year would the p lundered people of this country submit to the rule of their plunderers if the fifty-seven millions were exacted by any other means than indirect taxation . From the day when Wat Tyler ( that glorious hero ofthe proletarians ) knocked ont the _tax-gatherers brainsto the time

      , " * hen Lord John Bussell threatened the middle classes with an addition to the income-tax , the rulers ofthe land have fonnd it a dangerous _experiment to di p their hands openly and undisguisedly into fte pockets of the people . Hence the conning and fraudulent invention and perpetuation of the system of indirect taxation . Imagine a working man and his wife making their Saturday ni ght ' s marketing—imagine tbe woman _i-tj-i ng down three halfpence for a quarter of a pound ° f ( the cheapest ) tea , and the man laying down _Vtree fartldngs for a quarter ofapound of tobaccoimagine , further , that on re-crossing the threshhold Of the tea-dealer ' s and tobacconist ' s they

      encountered a fellow with red gills and an aldermanic paunch , with a pen behind his ear and a book in his Sst , calling on them in the name of " our sovereign lady the Qaeen" to " stand and deliver , "—the woman thpenee halfpenny on her three-halfpennyworth of tea , and the man _nincperux-halfpenny ( or _threabouts ) on his three-farthings' worth of tobacco ! ** What for ? " wonld be the very natural demand . And when the tax-gatherer rejoined , "For the maintenance of our glorious institutions ; " the _equally natural response would be , " To the devU ** iui the glorious institutions , ' and you , and all who life b y them ' _** A hundred to one that these words " _•"" _"libe accompanied by the significant perform-¦ **"¦ •* of rolling the tax-collector in the gutter . An

      • "tempt to collect taxes after any such fashion "" "" paid infallibly raise up a Wat Tyler in every town ; * Jack Gade in every village ; and , very probably , a _nasldngton io lead the whole , and work a wondrous "lange in onr " g lorious institutions . " A word to the wise . When once the people see " _ffrough the _villany of indirect taxation , the days of 2 _£ " glorious institutions" will be numbered _, _"oen once the masses understand that they pay a J ? * on their tea equal to four time 3 its value ; a tax _aafl * " _^ aecoe < l l * ° twelve times its value ; _zn _d _* more or , ess iniquitous on nearly all other _rji des * when , too , their eyes are opened to the _^ onstrous f act that the rich pay no more on firstw articles of consumption than the poor pay on " _£ * - ° * ninonest articles , and that in many taxes the a _^ are even still more _unjustlyfavoured ; _whoni " _*> we proletarians begin to reflect , on tiie still

      Thb Democratic Review Of British And For...

      more im _* wrtaot . vact , that in reality the _wealth-pro-. ducer _^ yslthe rich jmaii _' _s taxes / as well as hi * 'own , _htasmubnis rents and profits ara : directlyor indi-• _---Nrtlyferiiished from the-wealth produced by the toilers ; whena-cheapand honest press shall , have full _y enlightened , the millions as to " these matters , it will be time for . those' who fatten on the public spoil to set ' their houses in order ; and retire decently while they may yet do bo with impunity- ! as regards past crimes . ' - " ! John : Bull is a patient animal , and notwithstanding all that has been said of his " ignorant Impatience of taxation , ' ? . has hitherto done nothing more ' terrible than grumble . But he may _not-7-he will not—always content himself with so harmless a protest against misgoyernment and robbery : Byron has written—I ' ve seen some nations , like o _v erloaded asses ,

      Kick off their burthens—meaning the high classes . It is true that hitherto those classes have contrived to regain their burdensome position , but there will yet" and ere long , too , be another kicking off . In thatday will the " high classes" of this country _whohave so long rode rough-shod over the people , be able to maintain themselves in the saddle ? Sot if the people have the sense to comprehend their wrongs , and the courage to assert their rights . To prepare them for both , the friends of progress will do well to lend their efforts to tbe promotion of an enlightened " impatience of taxation , " and the creation of a national demand for a radical reform of the government through the enactment of the Charter _^—and something more !

      We should add that the Letters from France and Germany contain important revelations of tiie designs of the Holy Alliance , and their tool , President Buonaparte . These letters form , perhaps , the most valuable feature of the Democratic Review . Every man should read them—at least , every man who deBirea to be informed of the ; truth with regard to the peoples and the tyrants of the Continent . The Letters in the present number show that great events are at hand .

      Reynolds's Political Instructor. Edited ...

      Reynolds ' s Political Instructor . Edited by G . TV . M . Re ynolds . Part IV . London : J . Dicks , 7 , "Wellington-street North , Strand . Tots part contains portraits of Mr . "W . P . Roberts , the " Miners' Attorney-General "—( x . Julian Harney—Mr . WilHams , ea ? -M . P _., and Armand Barbes . In addition to the usual articles on the "Aristocracy , " " Slavery , " " English History , " the " Letters of Gracchus , " & c ., we notice some ably-written contributions from the pen of Mr . "W _" . J . "Vernon , on " Prison Discipline ; " in which the author reveals his experience of the miseries under the operation of which Ernest Jones and Fussell are still suffering , and to which "Williams and Sharp fell martyrs . We extract the following from the

      MEMOIR OF BABBES . Armand Barbes was born at Guadaloupe in the year 1809 : Ms father was a medical practitioner in that island . The person of Barbes is remarkable for its natural beauty and gracefulness : his stature is tell and formed with singular elegance and perfection ; his features are pure and regular , combining an expression of great mildness and generosity with one of determined energy ; his gait and attitudes arealike noble and prepossessing . The education of Barbes was perfected atthe college of Sorreze , and upon his arrival in Paris ; during the year 18 S 3 , for the purpose of pursuing the study of the law , he went and presented himself to Etienne Arago , then a perfect stranger to him , with the

      exception of having been formerly a student at the college of "Sorreze . He thus addressed M . Arago , —Sir , I have not the honour of being personally known to you : my name is Barbes ; I have finished my studies at the same college as yourself ; I am rich , and am now come to oner you my fortune in service ofthe republican cause , as likewise my arm and my life 1 " All the world is acquainted in what a noble manner Barbes has kept his word . In 1835 , Barbes , being himself free , assisted with all the natural ardour of his character to favour the escape of his friends imprisoned by the Court of Peers in St . Pelagie . Condemned in 1836 for the clandestine manufacture of gunpowder , he was restored to liberty the following year by the

      general amnestv granted upon the Duke of Orleans marriage . " lnl 839 , on the evening ofthe 13 th of May , he was arrested , wounded and bleeding , and handed over to the tender mercies ofthe Chamber of Peers , charged with having killed a lieutenant whilst in the execution of Ms duty , suppressing the insurrection promoted by Barbes . When upon his trial he boldly assumed the whole responsibility ofthe movement , nobly exerting himself to save his associates . " It is I , " he exclaimed , " who placed arms in their bands ; a species of moral violence calculated to induce , them to follow me and take a share in the fight . I , therefore , am the only guilty one , and upon me alone should your revengeful hatred justly fall . " When President Pasouier " the Judge Jeffries of Xouis Philippe ,

      asked Barbes what he could say in his defence , " jSothing , ' ) replied he . " When the Indian , a native of the country in which I was born , falls into Ms adversary ' s power , he disdains to defend himself , but simply offers his head to the scalpingknife of his enemy : I imitate the Indian ' s example , and offer yon my head . "— "You are right , " brutally replied the president , "in comparing _yourself to a savage . " — "The greater savage , " answered Barbes , " is not the one who presents his head to theknife _, but he who cuts it off . " Barbes was condemned to death ; notwithstanding it was proven that by the nature and situation of the wounds on Lieutenant Drouineau ' s body , that from the position ofthe accused it was utterly impossible "his hand could have been * the' cause of death to

      that officer . " If , replied Barbes , to a remark of the president ' s , " I had wished to fight with Drouineau , I wonld have done so loyally , and as' becomes a man of honourable sentiments , in offering him a fair field and an equal combat . " The government , fearful of carrying the sentence into effect , and alarmed by the energetic demonstrations made by the circles , and by the workmen of Paris , commuted the judgment , after two days' deliberation , into one of transportation , with hard labour , for life . The glorious Bevolution of February kicked Louis Philippe from his throne , and drove the servile , sycophantic , miserable old peers from their den of tyranny at the Luxembourg , into a merited insignificance , from wMch not one of them

      should ever after have been permitted to escape . Barbes was restored to liberty , and upon his arrival in Paris , was named Governor of that very Luxembourg Palace , within the walls of which he had a short time previously been sentenced to death ; but he refosed the offered post . The twelfth legion of the National Guard afterwards named him its colonel , and he was likewise selected to sit in tbe Constituent Assembly as a representative for his own department . On the ISth of May , eighty days after obtaining his liberation , Barbes , whohad used his utmost efforts to oppose that popular manifestation which had invaded the palace , occupied by a National Assembly , and witnessing the cowardly abdication of their places by the royalists when the

      order for dissolving the Assembly was pronounced by Huber . Barbes , believing in the extinction of all authorised power , devoting himself te save the Republic from royalist machinations , and other insidious proceedings of its enemies , repaired tothe Hotel de Ville for that generous purpose . There also he was destined as in 1839 , to become a sacrifice to Ms disinterested patriotism , and the Supreme Court of Bourges , a tribunal which sentenced him to transportation for life , could not forbear commenting upon the nobleness and grandeur of his character . Barbes 13 now a prisoner in the dunfeons of Doullens , waiting for the deliverance of IE country from the oppressive yoke of those ambitious men that are daily , hourly , and momentarily , trampling upon the liberties of France .

      Armand Barbes is the possessor of a very handsome forture , and likewise of a country seat in the department represented by him in the Constituent Assembly . It is almost needless to state that in the neighbourhood of his residence he was beloved by the humble for the nobleness of his sentiments and the generosity of his soul , whilst by the rich he was detested as an enemy and as a traitor to their order . Sympathy with the poor is in France the same as in England , incompatible with the favour ofthe wealth y . The best years of Barbes' life have been passed in political dungeons ; tho beauty of his person has faded within the walls of prisons . When tyranny was overthrown and a Republic proclaimed in France , brighter days seemed in store for the former victim of royal oppression ; but , alas ! the poison of monarch y had not been entirely eradicated from hi 3 country , and he again became a martyr when struggling in the cause of freedom .

      From an eloquentl y written letter , by the Editor , we give the following , extracts : —

      TnE OOvERNilEST AND THE PKOPLB . Surely the true character of the Whi g government must now be known to the nation ? " Wid ever a statesman condescend to more paltry , beggarly , despicable subterfuges than those wbich are greedily caught up and adopted by Lord John Russell ? I will suppose that a deputation of working men visits him at the Treasury , to represent the condition of the industrious . population-and point out the necessitv for reform . _According to the present tactics of the government , the following would be the sum and total of the Prime "Ministers reply : — "I cannot listen-to you as a mere quiet and peaceable deputation . Such a low . murmuring cannot possibly produce any . effect upon my official ears . The comparative silence of the nation is a

      Reynolds's Political Instructor. Edited ...

      Pr _^ _oFs _^ _iafaction ' _m tutions . v If you really wish me to believe that there ia a desire in the national breast for . reform , you must-agitate ' until , the present murmuring shall hayeswollen ' intoa deafening _ciamoui ' , " ** - _'* Tery good , my lbrd , " - ' ahswersthe'deputation ' : ¦ " " wewill go away and commence our ; agitation at once "" Tes , but take care what you are about , " instantaneously exclaims Lord John . Russell : " for if you do : go and . agitate witb energy , I shall ' set the Attorney'General at you . " -4 Then how aire we to get ' reform ?¦ my _^ lord ? " demands the ' deputation , nuite r aghast at this most unexpected announcement : you v ? ill hot believe that we need reform , because we are . too quiet ; ' and you threaten to punish us if we become noisy . " But instead of vouchsafing any rejoihder , ' Lord- John Bhrugs his shoulders ; rings tbe bell , and bows out the deputa-¦

      tion . ''• Such are Whig tactics . ¦ Bnt in spite of that shuffling system beneath which so much treachery lurks , —in spite of that doublefaced dealing which says , " Agitato to show your sincerity , " and then immolates the agitators , —in spite of the marvellous tenacity with which an arrogant Aristocracy ; a bloated Church , ' a dishonest Legislature ; and a tyrannioal Ministry , cling ; to old-established feudalisms and long-standing abuses , —in spite . of till this , the people shall and will , and must continue to agitate for the Charter ! They will agitate , because they have undertaken a struggle of truth and justice against falsehood and despotism , —and they have become not only interested as mere . workers and tailors , but their honour is compromised as _' patriots , ih establishing the triumph of the former , upon tho ruins of tho latter ! ' ' ¦ . ¦ . ,: ¦ .

      My Chartist friends , ye must now address yourselves with a renewed energy and a more fervid enthusiasm to the great moral struggle which is at hand . Europe stands upon the verge of a crisis : its condition will shortly be such , that the Inglish Minister , alarmed by the something more than " low murmurings" from across the sea , -will not dare refuse timely cencessions to your demands . For on the notions of the Continent such a storm is about to burst as the world never saw before , —a storm that will sweep away the relics of feudalism and the elements of serfdom , like chaff upon the

      wing of the hurricane . And , oh ! will it not be a glorious—a blessed—and a thrilling spectacle , to behold , the People triumphant at last , and their accursed tyrants all stripped of their gaud and grandeur ; and writhing iu tne chains which thenceforth must be their doom ? God grant that when the nations shall rise again , the true Social and Democratic Republic may be proclaimed from the Seine to the Danube—from the Baltic to the Mediterranean ; — and then—and t hen only—will there be hope for the Proletarians of the European Continent !

      From one ofthe letters of Gracchus , devoted to a consideration of Mr . Baron Parke ' s decision as to the intended meaning of the Ten Hours Bill , we cite the following extract : —

      THE * PACTORT QUESHOX . Men of all parties should unite on this question . We have seen before , and shall see again , Chartists , Socialists , Dissenters , and Church of England Clergymen fighting the battle of humanity against Mammon . Richard Oastler , the venerable 'and vigorous advocate of what Sir Charles Wood once called " an extravagant humanity , " is still able to lead the ' people , and by ' perseverance . and the aid of good men . he will lead and conquer . There must be no delay in this movement , no waiting until we have a return of dull trade , and the factory masters , closing their factory doors , turn round to the operatives and say ironically , " "Now you have time short enough , " while they , the factory owners , will

      be prepared onthe first return of activity , —or , as Mr . Maudley , of Manchester , calls it , " the ascension of the wheel , "—to use them up with fifteen hours' out of the twenty-four . There must be no mistake about the next movement : it is for ten hours' work per day for all hands — the moving power to begin nnd cease at the hour named in the act of parliament . It will be observed that we have ventured freely to express our opinions on the decisions of the judges , as pronounced by Mr , Baron Parke . We have done so in no haughty or overbearing spirit ; and if our boldness meet with criticism we express a hope tbat our reasonings shall be met with argument . Lord Bacon , in his admirable Essay on Judicature , says , wisely , " Cursed ( saith the law ) is he that removeth the land-mark . " The mislayer ofa mere stone is to blame ; but it is the uniu 3 t

      judge that is the capital remover of land-marks , when be defineth amiss land and property . One foul sentence does more hurt than many foul ex amples , for these do but corrupt the stream , the other eorrupteth tbe fountain . So saith Solomon : "Fous turbatus , ctvena corrupta est Justus cadens in causa , sua coram adversaria "—The just man failing in his cause before his adversary , is like a troubled fountain and a corrupted vein . We do not for a moment hint that Baron Parke and his colleagues are corrupt ; but we unquestionably think that when they consulted they forgot that "the safety ofthe people is the highest law ; " and to know that law , except they be in order to that end , are but things captious and oracles not well inspired . The decision of the judges on the factory question , will at this time do more to raise a spirit of turbulence and discontent in the minds of tens of thousands of her Majesty ' s subjects than could possibly havebeen brought about by any other

      means . We have before witnessed , and may again witness , the Attorney-General pleading in person at Lancaster , York , and Liverpool against riotou 3 proceedings in the factory districts , and talking aDout the security of property , the danger of communism , and the fears to be entertained from the fiery speeches of Chartist orators and political demagogues ; pious Wesleyans , and timid shopkeepers will convict , of course , and say those proceedings must be put down ; and , perhaps , Baron Parke himself may interpret the law and sentence offending criminals in all the dignity of office / Poor Attorney-General , do not blame the criminals alone , blame also the tendency of those laws that make men criminals .

      Cast your mind ' s eye back to the judgment on which we have so freely commented , and you will remember one of the chief causes of the riots you wish to quell , of the communism of which you speak , but do not understand , oi the mad schemes of physical force revolt you so freely denounco but fail to prevent . There is but one course open , one path to be followed : another appeal to parliament for a veritable "Ten Hours Bill , " about which there can be no mistake . Such a bill will do more to put down discontent , than any other step that could be adopted . And if such a bill be not passed , and the

      p rinciple on which such a measure is based / more generally adopted , those who now talk and write so much about the ri ghts of capital , will , one day , have to listen not to the rights of labour , but to the cry of vengeance , and , as we have seen elsewhere , tremble with fear , and listen to the fatal words _, "too lateI" Never were words more profoundly true than those of Canning , with which we , for the present , close our remarks : " For those who have checked improvement , because it is innovation , will , one day or . other , be compelled to accept innovation when it has ceased to be improvement . "

      The Lords And Commons. What Do They Do? ...

      THE LORDS AND COMMONS . WHAT DO THEY DO ? [ Suggested by Samuel Lover ' s popular 'What would joudo ? _' ] What do they do , when wants distressing , And wrongs oppressing , Have rent the land ? What do they do , when ills betide ns , and feuds divide us , On every hand ? Though clouds be low'ring , Stern want devouring , And wrongs o ' erpowering , The country through , Still they waste their time , all conscience stifling , In petty trifling — That ' s what they do .

      What do they do _. when hearts high burning , With bright hopes yearning , Would overthrow Some ancient strongholdof wrong and sorrow , To glad the morrow With freemen ' s glow ? Though scorn and blame Attach their name , The blackest shame They'll struggle through , To crush and blight each new bud unclosing , All good opposing;—That's what they do .

      What will they do , when men , disgusted At having trusted Their native land To guides so blind—can their feeble dotmgs , And senseless votings , "No longer stand ? Thoir foul reign ending , They'll fall descending , No voice defending .. The abject crew . And in hist'fy's meanest and darkest places They'll hide their faces ;—That ' s what they'll do .

      Cosvicts Is Australia.—It Is In Contempl...

      Cosvicts is Australia . —It is in contemplation to form a separate convict establishment in Western Australia , under the superintendence of Comm ander Henderson , R . N . , , ' Hom-STf . —Though an honest discharge of one s duty , may , for the time , offend those it opposes ; yet'it will / at ' last , be justified and admired even by . the very men who suffer from it . —Pliny ' sFpmes

      Thl Condmonio^Bnoiiainai^ ,:'¦ ¦ ¦;¦ *•,...

      THl _CONDmONiO _^ _BNOIiAiNai _^ ,: _' ¦ ¦ ¦;¦ _*• ,: i . _QTJESTION ., hah _imXhb ( _Condenwd froaatke Jftrnfe _*** _Owtmtltt ) : :

      WRETCHED CONDITION OS ! THE MAKERS ; O _^ _CLQTHES FOR THE . ARMY , NAVY , POLICE , CONVICTS Ac . ; . ' From the _slop-jworlierB _, of the eastern parts Of London I now come to : consider the condition ofthe male and female operatives employed in' making _^ the clothes'of the army ; navy , police , railway , customs , and pdst-office servants , convicts , and such other articles , of wearing apparel as are made either by contract or ih large quantities . Small as are . the earnings of those' who depend for their living upon the manufacture of the ready-made clothes for the

      wholesale warehouses of the Minories and the adjoining . places , still the incomings of those who manufacture the clothes of our soldiers and sailors , Government , railway-police , and custom-house officers , are even . less calculated to _support life , briefly as possible the manner iu which tbe 'clothing for the army is regulated . I deal with : the army in _Pjl'ticular , because it may be taken as a fair type of all theother classes of Government or contract work that appear to be considerably underpaid . For ; this purpose , I cannot do better than avail myself ofthe Government Report from the-Select Committee on Army and Navy _Appointment : —¦ .. ;

      "In the army estimates of this year ( 1833 , ) " said the Select Committee in their examination of one of the Government officers . " the sura required for clothing , exclusive of the amount required for clothing inthe East Indies ,-is £ 265 , 010 . _< " I p what manner is that divided or assigned to the different colonels of regiments ! begin first with the Life Guards and Horse Guards : state the rates generally assigned to each ?—The * clothing allowances" ( the answer was ) " are _fixedi annual rates , by king ' s warrants ofthe 22 nd and _SOtfr of July * 1830 , for infantry and cavalry . For the Life Guards they were fixed m 1800 at the present rate ; for the Blues they were fixed in September , 1830 , at the present rate ; and for the Foot Guards the exact

      off-reckoning is taken . I believe I have already stated that the act of 17 & 3 did notapply to the Foot Guards , and their pay used to be voted in gross , down tothe estimate of 1831 . At that time , by an office arrangement , sanctioned by the Secretary at war , we took the off-reckoning , the part of the pay off-reckoned for clothing , and put it down as the charge for clothing the regiment , taking the exact sum off-reckoned as the allowance for each rank . Ih the Cavalry : for the _sei-jeant , £ 5 los . ; corporal , - £ C 10 s . 3 d . ; private , £ 4 0 s . 3 d . ; drummer , or trumpeter , £ 6 10 s . 3 d . ; non-effective man , £ C 10 s . 3 d .: warrant and _contingent man , £ 40 _s . 3 d . In the Infantry : _serjeant , £ 7 9 s . 2 d . ; corporal , £ 4 19 s . 6 d . ; private , £ 2 6 s .: drummer or trumpeter , -E 4 10 s . 6 d . Life Guards :

      Serjeant , £ 9 17 . 8 } d . ; corporal , £ 9 I 7 _» , 8 id , ; private . £ 9 17 s . 8 id . ; drummer or trumpeter , £ 9 17 s . 8 _£ d . Horse Guards : Serjeant , £ 5 19 s . corpora ) , £ 5 19 s . ; private , £ 5 19 s . ; drummer or trumpeter , £ 5 19 s Foot , Guards : Herjeant , £ 1 9 s . Old . ; corporal , £ 4 Is . _1113-14 d . ; private , £ 3 17 s . 0 19-18 d . ; drummer or trumpeter £ 4 Is . 11 13-14 . ; warrant and contingent man , £ 3 17 s . 0 19-84 d . " State in what manner the different gums voted by parliament for the clothing of the respective regiments are _assigned tothe colonels . —The colonel is required to make an assignment of the whole clothing

      allowance to some person , either his agent , or it may be a person empowered by that agent , or to the clothier himself , as a security to the clothier . After the estimates are voted by parliament , the Board of General Officers are apprised by the Secretary at War of the number on the establishment of the regiments of Cavalry , Infantry , and Foot Guards , for which the colonel has the right to assign . The Life Guards and Horse Guards are not so notified . The notification authorises the Clothing Board to pnss the assignment . The _assignment is presented to the Secretary at War afterwards , and a warrant is granted by him twice a year , in April and July , for one-half the clothing allowance each time . "

      Sir R . Donkin , in his examination , made the following observations : *— "We have 105 battalions of infantry ; the clothing of these costs £ 255 , 000 a-year by the army estimates , of which £ 63 , 000 a-year go to the colonels as their emoluments ; that is to say , the public pay these 105 colonels £ 63 , 000 a-year more than the clothing costs , fer purposes which are perfectly understood and admitted ; that is , to increase the colonel ' s income ; it amounts to 4600 a-vear each , that is the £ 63 , 000 gives £ 600 a-year for each ofthe 105 colonels ; I am taking thegreatestamount . " It appears , then , that the army clothing in the year above alluded to cost , for 105 battalions of infantry , £ 255 , 000 . The supply of this was intrusted to 105 colonels , and they paid £ 192 , 000 for the poods , taking to themselves £ 63 , 000 profit out of the transaction . Tbe evidence of Mr . Pearce , one of the army clothiers , before the same committee , was as follows : — " In what manner are your contracts made

      with the colonels of the regiments _^ you clothe ?—In point of fact we make no contract with them , it being well known that amongst the variety of clothiers there prevails a competition amongst them to provide clothing as cheap as it'is possible _^ to be effectually done ; this competition brings the prices to a point at which all the respectable clothiers from time to time make their charges to the colonels . I request to observe , that if the competition was not so very severe , and np competition prevailed , a higher price would be assuredly charged than at present , as , in point of fact , the price wliich the clothiers charge is not adequate as compared to the profits of other branches of business , but there is no risk or adventure in it ; therefore 1 am the more satisfied that the profit may not exceed the ordinary interest of money , 5 per cent .,-or from 5 to 8 percent , for commercial profit ; it is to be observed , that this is a transaction which returns capital only in about sixteen months , as shown by statements delivered . "

      Ol * the evils of this competitive system , the following extract from the same gentleman ' s evidence may be taken as an apt illustration . Its influence upon the workpeople will be afterwards exposed : — " W hen tbe contract was opened , Mr . Maberly took it at the same price in December , 1808 ; this statement shows tbe effect of wild competition . In February following , Esdailes' house , who were accoutrement makers , and not clothiers , got knowledge of what was Mr . Maberly ' s price , and they tendered at 12 s . 6 id . a month afterwards ; it was evidently then a struggle forthe price , and how the quality the least good ( if we may use such a term ) could pass . Mr . Maberly did not like to be outbidden by Esdailes : Esdailes stopped subsequently , and Mr . Maberly bid 12 s . 6 d .

      three months after , and Mr . Dixon bid again , and got the contract for lis .. 3 d . in October , and in December of that year another public tender took place , and Messrs . A . and D . Cock took it at lis . 5 Jd ., and they subsequently broke . It went on in this sort of way of changing hands every two or every three months , b y bidding against each other . Presently , though it was calculated that the great coat was to wear four --ears , it was found that those great coats were so inferior in quality , that they wore only two years , and representations were accordingly made to the Commander-in-Chief , when it was found necessary that great care should betaken to go back to the original good quality that had been established by the Duke of York , by which the colonels of regiments were governed , and which , when supplied by the colonels' clothiers , was very strictly attended to . " ' - i I wish the reader to understand that the following

      are the ordinary cases of the trade ; they have , most assuredly , not been selected for the _purposb . The first person whom I visited was a malo hand , and on entering his house I certainly found more comforts about it than I had been led to expect . He lived in a back room built over a yard . It was nicely carpetted , and on one side , to my astonishment , stood a grand piano ; There were several p ictures hanging against the walls , and a glass full of dahlias on the mantelpiece . I could tell , however , by the ¦¦ wells" beneath the two large sofas that they were occasionally used as bedsteads , and the easy-chair in which I was requested to take a seat was of 80 extravagant a size that it was evident it was occasionally put to the same purpose . I had been given to understand thatthe man was in the habit of taking lodgers , and this in a measure accounted for the double duty assigned to the different articles of furniture in the room .

      "Imake the soldiers trowsers , the Foot Guards principally , " said the man in answer to my questions , " gets 6 d . a pair , and have to find thread . The thread costs , I should Bay myself , at the rate I buy it , about _Jd . for a pair of trowsers . Many have to pay more , because if they can't get a quarter of a pound they have to give a greater price for a single ounce . At that rate it will take a full pennyworth to make a pair . This is tho usual way in which the workpeople buy their thread , because they cannot afford to get a larger quantity at a time . The trowsers , therefore , average about 5 d . each . Of course a firo must be kept for pressing the trowsers , and the expense of this has again to be deducted from the price paid . I can make a pair in five hours , but there isn't one in a- hundred can do this , and it will tako a middling worker eight hours to finish one pair . But then I put the

      seams out , and if I did them at home it would take me six hours to do all myself . Without the seams I can do three pair a day . In summer I can do four , working very hard , and not being taken off for anything . I cannot get work always . Now I ' m sitting still , have had nothing to do this five weeks of any consequence . At the best of times , when work is very brisk , and in the summer time too , I never earn more _thanSs . a week . This is the money I have for my work , and from this there is to be deducted thread for the sixteen pair , and cotton for the felling of tho same , and this comes to about _lfid . and the cost of fire may , with the wood and all togethor be taken at 8 s . Over and above all this , I have to . pay id . per pair for tho stitching of the seams , and 9 d . a week for a woman to fetch and take my . work to and from the warehouse . So that altogether there is 4 s . fid . to be deducted from tlie 8 s ., and so leaving only 3 s . 9 d . as my earnings per

      Thl Condmonio^Bnoiiainai^ ,:'¦ ¦ ¦;¦ *•,...

      _weefcALth fti _^^ weeks I don ' t get anything _., The -work _isnTt to be had . The year before'last I / _wsts standing * full twenty weeks—couldn't get work ! at all at no warehouse ... _Lastr-yearL had full ,. eight weeks and nothing , tp 'do ; all the time ; ahd this yearl have been unemployed . a full month at least .. During the last week I have only had fifteon pair to make ? it is now -sealing time—this _^ is the period when the _diftjsrent estimates are given in—and we are always slack then . I never keep any account of my earnings . All _I-know is , when the money comes in it ' s as much _aB-I can do-to pay my way . Taking one week with another , I ' m sure I do not average , throughout the ' year , ' more than 6 * 8 . a week at the veryoutside ; and out of this there is a full half to

      , be paid . for expenses . ; There ' s the thread and the firing and the candles air to be paid for . ' ( The seams I do not put out when I ' mslack . ) All this would come to a good ha ) f-crown , so that ihy clear earnings , taking one week with another , throughout the year , are 2 s . 6 d . per week . " If you woro to ask mo what I could make , quick as I am , and _putting my seams out—if I was full employed- _^ I should say 12 s . a week , including Sundays ; and I am obliged to work more of Sundays than any other day . - I scarce ever haveaSunday to myself , for Saturday is giving-out day , and they want them in on Monday morning . Monday ' s takini * -in day , ( indeed , every other day is a givingout day , ) and the _! dav followinira takiner-in one . If

      we diun t take them in on' Monday / morning as directed , there would he no work for us . If I was not to work on Sundays , I could get 10 s . full work . But from this I Bhould have to pay a penny per pair for the seams , and this would cost 2 s . for the twenty-four I must make in the week to earn 12 s . ; and Is . 8 d . for the twenty pair I must make to get 10 s . ; and the thread and cotton would be another penny per pair—that is , as much as tho seams . Then there ' s the coals , and wood , and candles : these would come to I 6 d . or 18 d . at least . This altogether would amount to 5 s . 4 d . to 5 s . 6 d . to be deduoted from the 12 s . per week , and 4 s . 6 d . or 4 s . 8 d . from the 10 s . a week . So that if I was full of work , and keptat it from six in the _mornintr

      till , ten at night , and carried on all Sunday as well , I _oouldn't possibly earn more than 5 s . Cd . to 5 s . 8 d . per weekdear—leaving out Sundays , I mig ht get 5 s . Cd . to 5 s . 8 d . per week . This is the most that can be made in the trade . If you were to ask many _workmen , they would say it is impossible to get as inuoh done ; but I ' m one of the quickest hands at the business . The ordinary hands cannot make more than one pair of trowsers in one day , which , deducting expenses , would leave 5 d ., to say nothing of candles , for fourteen hours' labour . But even at thiBrate they could not earn , with their seven days , 2 s . lid ., for they would lose at least in fetching the work and taking it home , which would bring their earnings to 2 s . 7 d . or 2 s . 6 d . a week , at the very

      outside . But this only at the briskest time ; and we are generally upon an average about two months unemployed . ' One year we were twenty weeks without work . White trowsers we don't have so much for—only 6 d . a pair for them—and they take Suite as much thread ; and without you ' ve a good re you cannot work at them at all m the winter , they ' re so cold in the hand . If the prices were to be raised , the poor would have no work at all , for then the tailors would make them . I never had more than 6 d . for the Foot Guards . For the Artillery , the gunners , I have had as much as 8 d—some are 7 d . ; but I would sooner make the Foot Guards at 6 d . than the Artillery at hi gher prices , because there is so much mere work in them . At those at

      ud . there has been a double cord put in within tho last few years , . and that has made it a great deal more trouble . You have to take two stitches where you used only to take only one ; but the price never was raised . Never knew the price to be raised since I worked at it , and that ' s seven years ago . 1 get them from a person who gets them from the warehouse . These intermediate persons are called piece-masters , and they get a penny profit upon each garment , whether it be trowsers , coats , or great coats , and the prices I have stated are those the piece-master pays to me . They won ' t give them to such little hands as me . They give out a great quantity at a time , and must _hav « them all in at a particular day—very often the lext

      taking-in day . I fancy at one time they used to keep a stock by them ; but of late years there have been so many alterations that they're afraid to do it . The piece-masters have to give security— £ 50 I think it is—very often ; and the single hands , before they can be taken on , must be recommended to the piece-master . Notwithstanding this , a great many of the garments have been pledged . At one time the pawnbrokers used to take them in before they were made up , but now I don ' t think they will . The ohes ' with the red stripes I ' m certain they wont . I have got my security down at the warehouse , but it takes so much time taking and fetching , and waiting while examined , that I prefer to work for a piece-master rather than the warehouse-men . If

      they are not properly done , the foreman will cut the seam right up , and send them back , and there'll be no money till they ' re finished . The foremen , generally , have no feeling about the poor—that ' s true . I ' m sure they have ' nt . If the workpeople can treat them with what they like , and that ' s liquor , they'll pass the things quicker . The low prices I believe to arise from the very low prices the contracts are taken at . Well , sir , look here , the soldiers , I hear , give 8 s . a pair for what we get 6 d . for the making of . Thc cloth cannot cost them more than _half-acrown . If I was to get it I could have it for that ; but they must get it considerably less from taking large quantities , which their money empowers them

      to do . The trimmings , including buttons and pockets , would cost about 6 d ., and the red _stripos 3 d . more , so that 6 d . making , 9 d . trimming nnd stripes , and cloth 2 s . Cd ., altogether 3 s . 9 d ., and the other 4 s . 3 d . is profit . The piece-master , out cf this , gets 2 d . a pair ; this is their gains for taking them in and running tho risk of the people stealing the materials . The remaining 4 s . Id . is the profit of the warehouseman and the other parties connected with the trade . To get 4 s . a week clear by my'business the women must slave both night and day ; but really the prices are so bad they won't even pay to have a candle to work by , so that to work at night is only to lose one ' s time and money . "

      If , as you say , your clear earnings throughout the year , taking one week with another , are only 2 s . 6 d . a week , how do you manage to support life upon that suni 1—* ' I couldn't do it , but the fact is , I let a part of my place to young men at 2 s . a week . I was a draper ' s assistant formerly ; lived in the first situations in London , Bath , and other places ; but , of course , their salaries are small , and one is obliged to dress well on it . Well , I got a situation in the country , so that I might save something , which I could not do in town . I remained in my country situation nearly two years , and saved close upon £ 50 in that time . This I allowed to remain in my masters' hands , thinking it would be safe , so that I might not spend it . He broke , and I lost my

      whole . There was not money enough to pay thc law expenses , or of course I should have had my money first as a servant . Then I came back to London , I tried to get a situation , and found , as I wa 3 getting advanced in years , they preferred young men . Well , 1 couldn ' t starve , but I knew nothing that I could get a living at but as a draper ' s assistant , and that I could'nt get on account of my age . -1 can't tell you the distress of mind I was in of course , for I waa very anxious lest in ray old age I should be left to want . Where I was lodging then , a woman made soldiers' trowsers , and as my hands were lissome , and I had occasion to use the needle frequently in the drapery trado , to tack the tickets on cloth and such like , why I _thought I _might _rret a crust by

      them . It was only living that I tried for , unles 3 I'd tailor . I couldn ' t have done this if it hadn ' t beeu from being accustomed to the needle . Well , I tried ; and the man I did a few for was very pbaBed with ' em , and gave me some more . They was 3 _Jd ., a pair convicts' trowsers . I takes a cellar at Is . 6 d ., buys a little bit of _canvats , and some Btraw ; Bleeps on the floor , had a chair and table—that was all . Then tho man I had done the trowsers for took me to the City , and got me some better work . Then the warehouse gave me as many as fifty pair of Artillery trowsers to make . Then I found I w _* _-, s living too far from my work : so I sells off my things for 4 s . Gd ., comes to Holborn : there were two

      rooms to Jet at 3 s . Cd ., and I thought I could take a lodger at 2 s . ; a relation of mine promised kindly to lend me the beds , wliich they did , and I ' ve paid for ' em little by little since then . I ' ve four lodgers at present , but two of these I get nothing from , as they ' re out of situations , and they owe me agoodish sum now ; but may be I shall have it all , or a good part , when they gets into work again . I ain ' t had a cleah shirt for this month . I really can't afford to pay for the washing . I ' yo never been able to get any new clothes since I ' ve been at the trade . Fourpence I gave for the very coat I ' ve got on from a gentleman ' s servant , and tic other things has beeen gave to me by asking , which is very pamful . " ( To he Continued . )

      Physical Versus Moral Whether Tho Physic...

      Physical versus Moral Whether tho physical wants should be remedied through the moral , or . the moral through the ph y sical , lias been -a question wliich lias occupied the attention of philosop he r s an d phila n th r opi s ts for centuries .- ' Without attempting to decide ihe question , there can be no doubt that when the physical condition is impaived it demands the first attention . For instance , » person while suffering from an _asute attack of gout would be unable to appreciate thc sublimest lessons of philosophy , even though enunciated by tho divine Plato . How much more welcome to the sufferer would be a-box of Blim- s Gout and Rheumatic Pills so efficacious in eradicating this distressing malady . Caution to _Tns _Porlic _.- —Messrs . Morison and the Society of Hygeists and Medical Reformers hereby caution the publio that they have no sort ot connexion with the ointments ; pills , , and farinaceous powders sold in chemists' and ! druggists . shops . — British College of Health , New-road , London ,- 1 st February , 1862 . * ,. ; _- . ; -=:..:. .

      Wanrtie*. '^°^:-R^-

      _wanrtie _* . ' _^ ° _^ _:-r _^ _-

      A Hint For Mr. Babrt.—We Can Tell Mr. Ba...

      A Hint for Mr . Babrt . —We can tell Mr . Barry how to finish the Houses of Parliament ' * on tha cheap . " -. That portion which was first built is _** _J . ready said to be in a state of partial dilapidation ; so that if Mr . Barry continue his present system of delay , hewill be enabled to complete the end ' _.-by ineans of the ruins of the beg inning . After . _'tins _j the Barry of the next generation will of course completethe begiuningby means of the _ruiiis- 6 f »" . n ' . * , " _' ' and thus this amusing-game may ( at a trifling expense ) be kept up for many ages . ' LiBEBTv . _rr-To be a . Man is . at all times in all countries , a title to liberty ; and he who doth not assert it deserves not the name of a Mun .-Major

      Tun Position ofthe Caledonian Railway " Company atthi ? . moment . is without parallel , even in the eccentricities ofthe disastrous history of public enterprise and individual rashness and credulity . It is without dividend , without directors , without Credit , and without much hope , unless , indeed ,. A can throw off a load of obligations enough to s ' _nfca fleet of homeward-bound Indiamen . —Daily New tn A New Reading For an Old Purpose . ¦— Tfie editor of the Westfield Letter , an American paper , makes a strong appeal to his . non-pay _ings . up customers , heading his letter to them with the motto : —

      " Help us ! Cash us I or we sink . " .-. The Neat Old Ladt in Virginia . —This old lady who scrubbed through the floor and fell into-the cellar , is but one among many of the very nice females with which our country abounds . We know a good lady in New Jersey , who whitewashed all the wood she burnt ; and another in Connecticut , who used three times a day to scour thc nose ¦ of her lap dog to keep him from soiling the dish out of which he ate his meals . The same good lady took her own food through . a napkin ring to keep ifc from coming in contact with her lips . — N , Y . Transylvanian . •• A Sad Character . —The following advertisement appears in the January number of the A _* iui York Knickerbocker ; " For sale , a poll parrot , cheap .

      He says a remarkable variety of words and phrases , cries' Fire ! fire ! ' and ' You rascal ! ' and t Polly want a cracker ; ' and would not be parted with ' 'but having been brought up with a sea-captain , j ne ,. i 8 profane , and swears too much for the _subscriber , being a pious man , and having children inr the , family , to whom his example is bad . On this account he will be sold a bargain . ' il' ' V Indisposed Poor . —Poor people , when takeh 'ill , very seldom want anything but reviving cordials ; and , afterwards , wholesome kitchen physic ; and then the wheels of nature being unclogged , ( new oiled , as it were ) will go round again with ease . and pleasantness , by aid of that exercise which •« their labour gives them . .

      Thb American _Man-of-War _Chapbl . — - Manrofwar ' s men in general make but poor auditors ' at divine service , and adopt every possible _. _ipeapsytd elude it . Often the boatswain ' s mates were obliged to drive the men to _servioe , violently swearing upon these occasions , as upon every other- _^ _' _-Oo to prayers , d n you ? To prayerB , you rascals ; to prayers . " The Devonport Telegraph Bays : — " _Tbe-labourers employed on the foundation of a house at Slaughter ? bridge , near Camelford , dug up a battle ; _axe-itii spear , and a spur , supposed to have lain there since the days of king Arthur . Tradition- says that . o ** * that spot a sanguinary battle was fought . _between the troops of Arthur and ' those opposed to hiin _} and- that the nephew of Arthur was killed in the fight . ¦ " -...:.:.. ! Bold as a Lion . —" How do I look , Pompey ) _'Z

      said a young dandy to his servant , as he finished dressing . " Elegant , massa ! you look as bold . as . a lion . " " Bold as a lion , Pompey , how , do you mean ? You never saw a lion . " " O , yes , massa _" ; I seed one down to massa Jenks , in his stable . ' . ' " Down to Jenks ' , Pompey ? Why , you great fool , Jenks hasn ' t got a lien . That ' s a jackass ? ' " , Can't help it , massa , you look just like him ' . " — iVetu York Post , ; | _,, A Hint to Emerson . —We wish the author _' of Representative Men would publish a , series of < 'i ? epreientative Old Women , beginning with the _membera of the present government . Shakspeare . —Those who deny that Shakspear ' e was a learned man , should prove that Plato was translated into English in the time of Queen Elizabeth , for the celebrated soliloquy , "To be or not to be " is taken almost verbatim from the Philosopher . —Preface to " Langhome ' s Plutarch . " \

      Wit and wisdom are different qualities , and are rarely seen together . A Cool Sophism . —The Temperance Members pf the Admiralty pretend that the crews of the New Arctic _JQxpedition ought , above all others , to , be deprived of the hitherto usual allowance of grog , as they are sure to have lots of " cold without . " A Young Frenchwoman , coming over frora Boulogne last week , and who appeared to be in ' a very interesting situation , was safely delivered , by two female searchers of the customs , of four gallons of brandy , which was stowed in sixteen bladders , and skilfully disposed in herpeticoat , which was suspended to her shoulders by _braceB .

      OUT OF SPIRITS . , "Is my wife out of spirits ? _'" said John , with a sigh , As her voice of a tempest gave warning ; i " Quite out , sir , indeed , " said her maid in reply , " For she finished the bottle this morning . " _, Recently , in the north , a hawk pounced upon a weasel , and was carrying off his prize in triumph when he was observed to spread out his wings , and both came gradually to the earth . The hawk was dead , but the weasel , after turning round onee br " twice , began deliberately to make a meal on the carcass or his enemj . ' " There is at present , " saya the Limerick Chronicle , " filling the office of alderman at Sidney , an ex-convict , who was _transnorted from this city .

      twenty-six years ago , for the murder of a tailor . This elevated personage was sentenced to deaih , but was reprieved through Sergeant Hill , his counsel , who saved his life on a point of law . " The last refuge of battered rakes , and the chief hope of younger brothers , lie in the good nature of widows ; and , sometimes , ol forward maids . Votino bt Ballot . —The author of the law , by which votes in the Roman Senate were taken by ballot , was ono Gabinius , a tribune of the people . Jt _mve a very considerable blow to the influence of the nobility , as in this way of balloting it could not be discovered on which side the people gave their votes ; and took off that restraint they before lay under , by the fear of offending their superiors . —Melmoth ' s Plinv .

      True Self-Interest . —They who have been so wise in their generation , as to regard only their own supposed interest at the expense and to the injury of others , shall at last find , that he who has given up all the advantages of the present world , rather than violate his conscience and the relations of life , has infinitely better provided for himself , and secured his own interest and happiness . — 2 _Jw io » Butler .

      extraordinary , instance op politeness on the part of an omnibus conductor , The omnibus ia in progress , when the following dialogue takes place . Passenger . Stop at number two thousand three hundred and thirty-four . Conductor . AU right , sir I ( Omnibus pulls up in the middle of a dirty road J Conductor . Here you are , sir . Two thousand three hundred and thirty-four ! Passenger . Drive a little oloser _^ o the pavement . bt in

      Conductor . Certainly , sir . ( To ihe driver , u a voict loud enough to be heard by _tvery one inside . ) You must pull up weny close to the kerb , Bill , as the gentleman cleans his own boots . The ebitor of the Louisville Journal , retorting a , charge of personal ugliness against a contemporary , says : — " Wo are credibly informed that , after the birth of Harvey , none but handsome babies were born fov several years * , all the ugly material in the universe was used up in his creation . " Putting the Cart before the Horse . —That very useful member , Mr . Ewart , has introduced a very useful bill for the purpose of establishing public libraries throughout England . If the measure should be adopted by the government ( which , as it is a good one , will of course not be the case ) it would be a capital idea to propose some system of national education ; after giving the people books it would certainly be as well to teach them to read them .

      " Be careful how you drink , or you'll wash the colour from your cheeks ! " said a gentleman , at a fashionable party , as ho handed a glass of water to a lady . — " There is no danger of your ever taking water enough to remove the colour from your face ! was the good natured retort . . An enormous pike was lately caught near Kirriemuir , and in its stomach were discovered tattered pieces ofthe Morning Post ' and Blackwood s Magizine Hood gives this graphic picture of an irritable mon . _«< iin lies like a hedgehog rolling up the

      wron g way , tormenting himself with his _pricUles . A gentleman hearing ofthe death of another , "I thought , " said he to a person in company , " you told me that Tom Wilson ' s fever was gone off «" "Oh yes" replied tho other ; "but I forgot to mention that ho was gone off along with it . " Moral Power . —As tho operations of the muul are in all cases much more noble than those ofthe body , so are tho things that we compass by the faculties of . our reason and understanding of _muuh greater value than those things that we bring to pass by corporal force , —Cicero .

      Old Institutions . —When the reason of old establishments is gono , it is absurd to preserve nothing but tho burden of them . This is _superstitiously to embalm a carcase not worth an ounce of the gums that are used to preserve it ; It is to burn precious oil in the tomb ; it is to offer meat and drink to the dead , not so much an honour to the deceased as a _disgraoe to tho survivors . —Burke .

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), March 2, 1850, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_02031850/page/3/