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Northern Star (1837-1852), 2nd March 1850, Edition 3 of 3, Page 1, ,, ' .1- O TVritT' i.. «¦/! l ^-' ' FWiBL^-J^CfflBIB;-- *THB" * BLiSTEBED HANDS, AND THE ^som cmNs, V « DAMS TBS FACTOR! BEEL"

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    • ,, ' .1- O TVritT' i.. «¦/! l ^-' ' FWiBL^-J^CfflBIB;-- *THB" * BLiSTEBED HANDS, AND THE ^som cmNs, V « DAMS TBS FACTOR! BEEL"
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    • Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.

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      ,, ' .1- O Tvritt' I.. «¦/! L ^-' ' Fwibl^-J^Cfflbib;-- *Thb" * Blistebed Hands, And The ^Som Cmns, V « Dams Tbs Factor! Beel"

      ,, ' . 1- O _TVritT' _i .. _«¦/! _^ _- ' ' FWiBL _^ -J _^ _CfflBIB ; -- * THB _" * _BLiSTEBED HANDS , AND THE _^ _som cmNs , V « DAMS TBS FACTOR ! BEEL "

      *$? Cbildbes, Juthongh Lord Babsimoiie H...

      * $ _? Cbildbes , _jUthongh Lord Babsimoiie has truly _jajgi that one man can do you more harm * EaUw _asa * _* _w _* l S _* 1- _? ei thein " nrv that interested ruffians seek to inflict non nie is more than counterbalanced "by the _onerous kind letters that I have received Jus week from all parts of the Idngdom . And however tyrantsmay seek to oppress , and the mil nevertheless

      tew to overpower me , I persevere ) against all obstacles and obstructions , _f _^ plain road of progress ; and I will so _^ _mte the mind of this conntry , and of my own _unfortunate conquered province , as to shake _o-janny fill it crumbles in the dost . And oh ! tow i ion _&* _' _-aa _^ y- _The _daywhen **¦ _^^ « _$ e Labour-represented by the labourer , instead _^ by the griping cap italist . " My children , can you point out one single plan that has been devised for the benefit of yonr order , that has not been reviled hy the opponents of yonr order ?—and can you point

      ont a _angl _o p vo p ouu d er of any such plan , who jms not been persecuted with , as much acrimony as the perpetrator of _thetnost atrocious murder ? And can you collect from the history of bygone times , or from the period within yonr own recollection , any instance of any man hem *** persecuted as I have been ? And why ? "Because neither threat , bribe , nor _intinaida * _-flon ever has "been able—or ever shaU he able —to turn me from my course . You will see "by this week ' s Star , that I was called to an account in the Houseof Commons , on Tuesday - { right , for having taken a petition , presented

      io the House of Commons from the occupants at Minster Lovel , for the purpose of giving my revilers an opportunity of publishing their Blander ; and npon _Friday night the noted "FBIEM ) ofthe Land Company , the member fcr Marylebone—Sir Benjamin Haii- —is to present another petition * 'from HIS friends at Snig ' s End . And perhaps you will look anxiousl y for my repl y te his charges , andi am sure you will read it with as much pleasure

      as I shall maker .-it . But if you are in any doubt as to the capabilit y of man living b y his own labour onthe soil , let me draw your strict- _, est attention to the minute description given ofthe value of land when cultivated by Spade Husbandry , appended to the able and admirable letter of Duncan Shereingtos , and extracted from the Perthshire Advertiser , and ihea you mil discern the value that capitalists set upon land , when it is to he cultivated to that extent which will reduce the amount of

      their poor rates ; and the value that they set upon it when it is to he cultivated to that extent which will INCREASE YOUR WAGES . And now hear my oft-repeated tele—that you never will possess the Land to that extent , until _youfiret possess the Charter ; and the Charter you never will possess until year order is thoroughly united ; and with a view of creating that thorough union , it is my intention to attend tiie first great Democratic meeting that has ever been held in Ireland , on Tuesday next ; and there I hope , without fury , folly or violence , to be able to destroy that disunion and antagonism wliich has so long enabled yonr rulers to oppress both countries , and a report of -which you -will read in next week's Northern Star .

      My children , if Poland , or Hungary , or the Italian States of Austria ; , or if the people of any conquered province attached to any conquering kingdom , had been oppressed , famished , starved , and persecuted as the Irish people have been , the House of Commons , and every newspaper , would have denounced the barbarism of the oppressor ; but as the subjugation of Ireland has been the prime

      object of the British ministry , and as that _miiiisby has for thirty years based its power npon Irish deception , you hear only of the weeping , the wailing , and gnashing of teeth , of those who , through their own tyranny , have been the founders of Irish misery . But however a presumptions ministry may base its hope upon temporary good trade , and upon Irish subserviency , yon may rest assured that the Irish landlords—whom the shoe is now

      "beginning to pinch—will be compelled to join the Irish people for the establishment of such a representative system , as will enable them to legislate for their own country , and that that legislation must be based npon the will ofthe people of that country . My children , the columns ofthe Star are so much occupied this week , that I have not space to address you at greater length ; and I

      shall conclude , by merely apologising for the non-publication of the Lord Chief Baron's summing up , npon the -very substantial * * jronnds , that the short-hand writer has not yet furnished me with it . And again assuring you that neither poverty , slander , nor persecution , shall ever induce or compel me , to abandon yonr cause , because it is the cause of justice , and the cause of justice is the cause of God , I remain , Tour Faithful and Unchangeable Friend . Peae g us O'Cosson .

      ^ To The Beaders Of The "Northern Star."...

      _^ TO THE _BEADERS OF THE _"NORTHERN STAR . " I have read with astonishment and disgust ihe late Trial for label . A more foul desecration ofthe functions and office of a Jud ge was never perpetrated . There are some men who ever act from perverse motives ; and the remembrance of Mr . _O'Coxxon _' s generous and _Self-denyingy . devofion to _FHOST , Whixuis , and Jones , to which I can bear ample witness from my own _personal knowledge , a course hardly conceivable _^ and not palatable to the hired advocate , "has much to do with this hideous perversion of justice .

      It is not , however , to waste time in speculating upon the motives of au old lawyer that I now address you . I am satisfied that no man in our time has been the means of disseminating so many valuable truths , of awaking ia the public mind glimpses of better , purer , and higher practical modes of life ; and I , for one , am not content that this great and good man—for he is both—should be overborne , and crushed , for his one great crime in the eyes of our common oppressors—hi 3 constant , undeviating , and _unceasing advocacy ofthe rights ofthe poor and oppressed . . _*

      If Mr . O'Connor had been _contend like so many others , to fatten upon the wants and vices of the poor ; had he been mercenary or corrupt , his talents and energy would , must have secured him a very , hi gh rank at the Bar , or in any " wordly pursuit . And should this man , so constituted , so endowed , for having . devoted his great powers to the advocacy of our ri ghts—the redress of our wrongs—and for showing ns the means of re d emption fromt h e m o r al a u d physical slough in which we are engulphed , be crushed ,

      without our aid , sympathy , and PROTECTION —ay , our protection ; for , apart from all other motives , the most common and wordl y princi ple of self , must show us , that if we safier our great advocate to be crushed , we _fflay neither expect nor deserve help in our ona straits . " limn him with Expenses / 3 "" ¦' as the hellish advice of Lord Melbourne , to those who complained of a local agitator ; and well have the enemies of Mr . O'Connorenemies , mind yon , throug h his advocacy of Jour claims—bettered this instruction . _Not

      content -with twice ascribing to Mr . O'Connor tlie most degradingmotives—not satisfied with having twice signall y failed in their purposes , aad with having twice elicited the admission of the disinterestedness of his conduct from two _"naiical tribunals , after protracted _examiuat- ' _-n , the creatures are at their dirty work " gain , and in the present caEe , they have

      ^ To The Beaders Of The "Northern Star."...

      enlisted in their service the congenial Benjamin Hall , who has perpetrated the very act with which Mr . O'Connor has been charged , and from whieh he has so triumphantly defended himself . If any proof were , or could he wanting , of the sincerity , of the devotion of Mr . O'Connor , or his value to our cause , it must be found in this inveterate persecution . Thank Cod , however , they have Bignall y failed ; and , hy your aid , will ever fail . They have , aided by personal enemies , thrown much mud ; but , contrary to the proverb , it has not stuck . Still they are at their dirty work , warmed by the knowledge that , if they can ruin him with expenses your cause will be injured , if not destroyed .

      Let then , each reader of the _Northern S ar hear in mind , that the great benefactor—the public enlightener—is now suffering most grisviously in their cause , and they will , as one man , eagerly rush on to the rescue . ___ This is no time for sloth—for one man waiting for another , who may never come—for objecting to this or that mode of expressing that sympathy in act for Mr . O'Connor , which he has shown by every deed—by the devotion of every moment of his life to their servicer Every man must act for himself , and at once . This is a great emergency ; it will not do at this crisis , to stand with folded arms , and to see the event— 'it must be averted . If the

      hundreds of thousands who yearn with cheap benevolence , and who will out say and feel , when the blow has fallen , that , had they known , and thought the danger had been so near , they wonld have sacrificed half their means to avert it , will now repay some portion of the vast debt they owe to their benefactor . Let , then , contributions he quick and incessant . _Letua —the thinking , the labouring portion of the people—show to our oppressors that they , at least , shall never crash our friend , oar advocate , whilst -we can protect him ; and that his devotion to us merits at least this return at such a moment .

      As a proof that this is not idle profession , I , though a poor man , send £ 5 to the Fund ; and I promise , as soon as £ 990 is subscribed , to send £ 10 more : and if £ 1 , 950 is subscribed , I promise to contribute £ 50 more , even if I sefi my two cows to make up the money . I look upon this cause as my own , seeing that my advocate is , in this case , my other self ; aud that a man who allows his friend and advocate to suffer loss and foul wrong , solely on account of his generous aid , is not worthy of service .. T . Harding . _Ullathorne , Feb . 25 th .

      J < Probably Continue To Influence Tlie ...

      x / 4 _4 _^^ _r _^^*^^ c _^ J _& _z _£ r _<^*^ _-w _^^ '¦ * _*' *' : _«^ i 7 > f " - ¦ 7 _/\ _'TV / r . X : tv / _f /¦' * _% " _^» - _^~ _u- _^^ _miidB

      And National Trades' : L0xjma#I:: X R C ...

      AND NATIONAL TRADES' ' l 0 _XJMA # i ::

      Vol. Iffl. Ho. Ui London, Siimdaoiaihllo...

      VOL . Iffl _. HO . Ui LONDON , _SiiMDAOiAiHlloSO _. . ; , : _^ _J _&& ES _^& Z _. ¦ ¦ . . - - _* - _!*""¦ " . i " " _-- _' _•' . " ¦" -- ¦'¦'' " _^ . V _' ¦ ¦ _"¦'¦' . •> ' _> - _# . ¦> _;

      The Honesty Fund. To Feargus O'Cossor, E...

      THE HONESTY FUND . TO FEARGUS O ' COSSOR , ESQ ., M . P . Dear axd _Honoured Sir —I am just returned from ** . visit to my four acre allotment at Minster _Lorel . " "Where every prospect pleases , '* And only man is vile . I was a successful member in the ballot ) which took place at Birmingham , in Dec . 1846 , and as I bave now been in possession of my allotment nearly two years , I think I am in a position to speak positively as to the capabilities of the soil . I care not what any of your enemies—whether amongst ungrateful allottees , or others—may say ; for myself , I am perfectly satisfied ,. and beg moat heartily to return you my grateful thanks for the almost superhuman exertions you bave made in the face of slander and persecution of the most revolting and -disgraceful kind , oa behalf of the working classes .

      Believing , also , with Mr . Reynolds , " That the time has now really and truly come when the working- classes of these islands should testify their sense of the great obligation which they owe to yourself , and of the abhorrence which they entertain for the persecution to which you have been subjected . " I enclose my mite towards the expenses of the late trial , in the shape of a Post-Office order for £ 1 , payable to yourself at the General Post-Office , London . I wish it was in my power to do more ; and sincerely hoping that those for whom you have suffered so much injustice and indignity will "Rally around you again , and again" at the

      present crisis , and manifest their sympathy for you , not only in words but deeds , is the sincere desire of Tour grateful and obedient servant , James Price , A contented occupant of a four-acre farm , on one of the National Land Company ' s estates , at Minster Lovel , Oxfordshire . Pershore , Feb . 27 tb , 1850 . P . S . I have a quarter of an acre of my allotment laid out in asparagus beds , which now look very promising for a good crop ; and as I hope to cut some ofthe best and earliest in the county this season , I shall make bold to send you a specimen of my first fruits . J . P .

      To Teabgus O'Cohxok Esq., M.P. Most Hono...

      to teabgus o ' cohxok esq ., m . p . Most _Honoured * axd Persecuted Friesb , — Having seen , through the medium of the newspapers , an account of your trial with the proprietor ofthe Nottingham Journal , for libel , we a few Chartists of Pudsey , feel , after a long time of lethargy , that it is our duty to arouse ourselves when we see men like you , who have , all your life , laboured , not for yourself , but for the good ofthe public , branded by the corrupt press , and then by your own friends , as a juggler , and impostor , as one wishing to defraud the public and the operatives . We feel it a blow aimed at you for the purpose ol destroying the cause you advocate , but we are confident that their

      efforts will be in vain . Sir , we have known you , and read from you for a number of years , and we can say , -without fear of opposition , that we never knew you deviate from your principles , or charge one penny for tbe advocacy of those principles , and t _. o one has had yet the hardihood to charge you ,, in your private dealings , with dishonesty . We hope that the time has come when the people will be able to discern betwixt real and designing menwhen the men of Sheffield will learn to know that there is very little veracity tobe placed in such men —holding the profession that Air . Roebuck doesthey should be rarely or ever trusted to represent them in Parliament ; for , as Mr . Cobbett said ofa certain professional gentlemen , "That he would prostitute himself to any dirty business . " We , the Chartists of Pudsey , however , have no desire to bo governed by such men as Mr . Roebuck . We have formed a Charter Association in this town , and are

      issuing cards of membership to as many as will join us . We have more hope for the Charter than we ever had at any time previous ; there is a greater thirst for knowledge ; there are more political pamphlets read in the town than at any time previous . We now tender you our heartfelt sympathy , and hope you may live down your persecutors , and see in operation the Charter as a means , and the labouring men upon the land as the end . We have made a subscription , which amounts to £ 133 ., which we cheerfully hand over to you , as a small mite for the obligations we owe you , hoping that every town and village in the country -w ill do their duty . We feel that your weakness arises from our apathy ; and we hope that , for the future , we shall not only he Chartists in name , but in deed . We shall continue to _su bscribe to the Defence Fund . We have enrolled _thu-ty members in the Association , and a deal of the money is paid already . We arc now waiting for more cards . ,, _« _„ ,. "Wi luui Booth , For thc Charter Association , Pudsey .

      To Fbargt-S O'Coxxor, Esc-., M.P. Noxoun...

      TO FBARGT-S O ' COXXOR , ESC-., M . P . _noxounABLE Sin , —Having seen an account of the action brought by you , against Bradshaw of the _AoUnigham Journal , for libel , in thc _Exjircs as well as per Star , we are not at all surprised at the result , _excepting the latter part of thc verdict where your personal honour stands unimpeached ; tiiis , however , somewhat surprises us , knowiuw as

      ! we do the amount of slander and vituperation which is continually hurled at you , by that class of beings from which the twelve immaculate men called a jnrr , were selected . Such a verdict , we should suppose , is nowhere to be found—so contradictory in itself , that no man ( or set of men ) with an _unbiassed mind , would return it for a moment . But enough . You , noble sir , have lost the trial ; but have won a far greater prize—a prize , we trust , which will cause your name and actions to stand forth as resplendent as tho noonday sun . You

      To Fbargt-S O'Coxxor, Esc-., M.P. Noxoun...

      have struggled , long and vigorously , for tho down trodden sons of toil , and what has been your reward ? r-abusc , slander , and ingratitude . Abuse and slander from your own order , and base ingratitude from those whom you strove to elevate in the social scale of society . Sorry are we to see sucb a spirit manifested by some of the allottees towards you ; but we trust tbey will see tbe error of their ways , and once more resume their duties as men determined to overcome all obstacles , whether placed in their way by professing friends , or open and avowed enemies . We sayi let them unite as one man , and go on harmoniously together , " then will their difficulties vanish ; and then they will be enabled to look back -with pleasure upon their labours , and exclaim , thank God we bave done our duty to ourselves and fellow men ; and may the time soon arire when , as the immortal poet Burn says" Man to man the warl'd o ' er " Shall brithers bean a' tbat . "

      , Enclosed you will find a Post Office Order for five _shillings , made payable to Feargus O'Connor , at the Branch Post-Office , ISOy Strand , London . The Order was drawn by W . H . Jago , Woolcomber . It is to help to defray the expense of the late action against that maligner Bradshaw ; and we trust you will accept this , not as a present , but as a debt , due by us to you on account of the manifold service * _renderedi-by you to us . Trusting that all will act in accordance with the spirit of Mr . G . W . M . Reynolds ' s letter , in the Star of the 23 rd ult ., we beg to subscribe ourselves your very humble servants , aad _YreU-wishers , " E . Brown , John Perbt , G . Howard , -woolcombers , and members of the National Land Company ; W . H . Ja o , woolcomber ; and A Fbibnd . Camelford _, TO FEARGUS O ' CONNOR , ESQ .

      Dear And Esteembd Father.—I Take The Opp...

      Dear and esteembd Father . —I take the opportunity of addressing you , hoping you will accept the 8 mall mite which a few friends have contributed towards defraying the expenses which your and our enemies have unnecessarily thrown upon you at the late trial , or mock examination , for defaming your character . I have been a class made victim , Laving been under locks , bolts , and bars , for twelve months and three weeks ; but still I continue to keep to the good old princip les of Democracy , and Republicanism . They made-me a Republican by sending me to prison , for _vmdei the silent system I bad time for thought and reflection . We shall use our utmoBt endeavours towards defraying the expenses needlessly thrown upon you . I remain , your affectionate child , and co-partner in persecution , Nathaniel Frith . Broomfields , Bradford . P . S . —The sum is ( eight subscribers)—3 s , lOd .

      To Feargus O'Connor, Esq., Ji.P. Dear Si...

      TO FEARGUS O ' CONNOR , ESQ ., JI . P . Dear Sir , —Afew friends having read your letter of the 23 rd ult ., have subscribed five shillings , towards defraying the expenses of the action brought by you against the proprietor of the Nottingham Journal , on account of the unjust and shameful termination of the proceedings . Keep heart , brave general ! you shall beat them yet , despite the unjust administrators of the law , and the calumnies of Bradshaw—the would-be stabber of democracy . Eeep heart , brave oak ! you will be more than a match for that little , uncomfortable , waspish fellow , Roebuck . Yours truly , in the cause of democracy , Stalybridge , Feb . 25 th . John Ziizea .

      To Fearous 0 Connor, Esq., M.P. Dear Sib...

      TO FEAROUS 0 CONNOR , ESQ ., M . P . Dear Sib , —I am impelled to write this by feelings of indignation and disgust , at thc baseness and ingratitude of one of the allottees of the Minster Lovel estate , whose name ( B . Jackson ) was appended to the infamous petition presented to the House of Commons a short time ago . B . Jackson has been in this part of the country , from whence he was balloted , ( and -where upwards of £ 7 was raised for him to assist him to commence with . ) I was present when he stated that he was doing very well ; that had he capital he could certainly do better ; but he was sure , that by perseverance and industry he could do well , and be soon independent , which he had no chance of doing here ;

      and that no amount of money would induce him to return to the state he was previousl y p laced in , and forego the advantages he then possessed . He said that he had left in Lis cottage plenty of good provisions , and he was sure if-any man choose to strive he could do well . He has sent letters in the same strain since , and I think it the- height of baseness and ingratitude for any individual to sign such an infamous document as the petition above alluded to . I defy him to contradict these statements , as I can bring forward a dozen or more witnesses , ( friends of his , ) who heard him speak the same words . It is disgusting to contemplate such villany and ingratitude ; and I am sorry that your generous nature should be so frequently subiecfc to

      such cruel stabs from one of the class for whose benefit you are striving so arduously . My hope is , that you will , if possible , drive such scorpions forth from the homes you have made them ; and make them return to the toil and slavery they so richl y merit . Hoping you will find space in the next week ' s Star for this letter , I remain , & c , James Coomb . Yorkshire-street , Oldham , Feb . 24 th , 1850 . P . S . —Enclosed you will receive Ss . 6 d . in postage stamps , which you will acknowledge as follows : — From T . Tristram , 4 s . ; James Cooper , Is . ; John Milheneh _, 6 d . Send me a collecting book for the Nottingham libel case , for which tbe enclosed stamps are to go towards paying expenses . J . C .

      To The Editor Of The Northern Star. Sin,...

      TO THE EDITOR OF THE NORTHERN STAR . Sin , —Enclosed I send ten shillings worth of stamps , and hope you will be kind enoug h to hand it over to the proper party , for the Honesty Fundas Mr . Reynolds suggests it should be called . The amount is but small , but I hope to have some more te send , as the few who have given this , have promised to use their best endeavours to obtain more from their friends . We think the time has come , when all true democrats should show by their actions , whether or not they are worthy of such a

      noble , brave , and good man ; for if they wish to keep him , they must begin to bear a little of the burthen themselves . We used to sing , ¦ We'll rall y round him again and again . " Then let us do it , not in empty words , but in coin , if over so small , The work to be done must be done by all—let us then , in the name of justice , set about the good work at once . The debt is ours , the cause is ours , and Mr . O'Connor is ours . Let every man do his duty . I remain , sir , yours in the cause of Eight against Might , Mottram . John _Campbeli ..

      To The Editor Of The Northern Star. Sir,...

      TO THE EDITOR OF THE NORTHERN STAR . Sir , —Will you be kind enough to find room in next Saturday ' s Star , for the following suggestion . As the case of libel is decided against Mr . O Connor , I would propose that a public meeting be called , at which delegates should be elected to form a committee in London , which committee shall be chosen from the Chartists and land members , or trades favourable to the cause , each locality or body to send one or more delegates . The object of the committee would be to raise funds to pay the law expenses ; and , I think to save expense , the committee mig ht be chosen after the meeting next Tuesday evening , at thc John-street Institution . B y such a public proceeding we should give stability to the said committee which no self-elected body can expect . : I remain , dear sir , yours sincerely , A Fraternal Democrat .

      To Mr. W. Rider. Sin,—Enclosed You Will ...

      TO MR . W . RIDER . Sin , —Enclosed you will receive 5 s . Gd . worth of postage stamps , the subscriptions of five Landman _, bers , at Is . each , and Cd . for ray wife ' s subscription , towards the expenses of the Nottingham Journal action ; and if Mr . O'Connor gets a new trial , we will subscribe the same again . lours truly , II . _PlA'K . No . 1 , Oakbampton-terrace , Exeter .

      To William Hidei*. Dear Sib , —I Expect ...

      TO WILLIAM _hidei * . Dear Sib , —I expect that the Chartists will rall y to the rescue of the noble and unflinching advocate of the right of labour . The sum of £ 13 s , 10 d ., which I previously sent , must be handed over to the Honesty Fund , being half of the remittance I sent to Air . Clark , and I likewise send you an order for the amount of £ 1 7 s . to the said fund , as a further proof of confidence iuMr . Feargus O'Connor ; I forbear giving the names of the parties who subscribed , with the exception of two paid-up shareholders , viz ., George Brown , and John Grey , who , as a proof that they hold that gentleman ' s honesty unimpeachable , have each subscribed 2 s . Gd . toward s the sum I here send you , the remaining sum we got in at a shilling , and sixpence each . We , the Chartists of Wingate , expect that tho manner in ** _-hich the jury delivered their verdict will not be lost sight of by the L _» ntf _"Mcmbei-g , aud Chartists ; and we also think

      To William Hidei*. Dear Sib , —I Expect ...

      f _^ !?" that renegade Roebuok , and contend that an the evidenoehas gone to prove a plain and si mple fact , namely , that tho government officials were , and are determined not . to . legalise the J ? j *; _* ° hem <} . "We do think that if the Sheffield _'A'T g 6 t hlS fln S h _» to the bank , his Honesty _mighthave flown away as his patriotism did , wHeni ho entered the baso oppressor ' s house , miscalled tbe _npnee of Commons ; and we also thinkvthat _] all _nr > _% _* ° _^ t _** ° ca _* " 8 have Bimply gone to prove Mr . 0 Connor what we always took him to be—an honest disinterested

      advocate of 'the rights of'the * _- ' fustian _jacket ? , | the unshorn chins , andMstered-hands . " Once , more wo request . , that , _^ _eptleman to use _, his endeavours to arouse the country , ; and soon may ' we hear theory reverberate through . the land , striking terror : into tthe hearts of his ' and bur enemies . Hurrah for O'Connor and the Charter . X ' -. Yours & c _292- _'Wlngate Orange . William Nobmak . _" _-8 ' | " Perhaps you could forward a few collecting _booksiJtoiis , as we intend to raiso further subscriptions .

      :': •) *. To.Mr..W. Rider. S^Tr-I Have, ...

      : ' _: _•) _* . TO . MR _.. W . RIDER . S _^ _Tr-I have , miich _^ pleasure in forwarding you an r _<&! . _$ "•« _towards defraying Mr . O Conriorsiaw _expenses . * The following persons _subscribedJhQjaiiiount ' Bent : —G ; Hellings Is ., Richard fieilin & ; l _^; Cyrus Brooks Is ., John Blight la ., John _^ JI _& jgw _^ I-i _^ _-ijeter NicoT 6 d .,. Simon Colwell Is _.-Elizabetli Carne "Is ., Thomas Earl Cd ., KenhCth Petri © Cd ., John dimming 6 d ., E . Bolitho Is " . . Br Tucker Is ., T . Step 6 d M Jacob la ., J . Catford Is ., J . Newton 6 d . —Total 14 s . Now those arc about the numbers who have supported the Democratic cause in this town , and they feel annoyed , and justly too , b y Mr . T . Clark ' s sneer about the limited number . It is certainl y no fault of those who meet and support the cause , that tho many cannot be brought to do their duty . Yours respectfully , 30 , Bilbury-street , Plymouth . J . Rogers .

      •* 1 * S ^^^-*''^''*'*«^**^^W*,*,*Rf^<-*...

      •* _* _^^^ - _*' _' _^''* ' _*«^**^^ _W * , * , _* _rf _^< - * V _>^ ' _- _*>« TO FEARGUS O'CONNOR , - ESQ ., M . P . Resprcted Sib , — I read in the Star of Saturday last the evidence of Alexander Cloland , in tho libel case between you and the proprietor of the _Notting-Itam Journal , with astonishment , and was certainly sorry to see that he endeavoured to make it appear to the jury that his circumstances , when In Scotland , were so much superior to what they had been at Snig ' s End ; and from that evidence I have been led to the conclusion of making known , not only his circumstances here , but also how his Aid Money was expended , which , in my opinion , will in a great measure account for his present circumstances . It must be evident to every man that unless the money be applied to thc purposes for which it was intended that no one could succeed . . You will see from an

      _accountj-which I here give , that out ofthe whole of his Aid Money not more than £ 2 7 s . Cd . was put into the soil , and if any persons calculate that the above sum will return sufficient to place them in comfortable and independent circumstances , it is no wonder they have been deceived . Passage from Glasgow and carriage ' of _luggage -. .. £ 3 18 0 Potatoes , turnip , cabbage , carrot , and onion ' seeds , and cabbage plants 2 7 6 Implements of labour and repairing the same 0 12 0 When my son came he was almost ttarefoot ; shoes for him , and pinafores for tht other children ... 0 10 0 Kitchen utensUs 9 14 10 £ Heaping hook , tread saw , plane , and extra labour ¦ 0 13 6 Subscription 0 0 6

      Left to lire upou for nine weeks .,.,....,... G 7 Ti Lieu to live upou tor nine weens .,.,....,... g 7 TJ Total ... £ 15 5 0 From the above it will be seen whether his circumstances wero of that comfortable nature , previous to his going to Snig ' s End , which he endeavoured to make appear on the trial ; and also , in my opinion , it will at once account for the entire failure . Now , sir , all that I have yet seen does nofc convince me that the people cannot live upon the land . Indeed , the allottees of some of tho estates would have the world to believe that they are the first

      experimenters to develope the principle of whether the people could subsist upon the land or not . But it is a blessing to mankind that they were not , or we might give up the idea of remaining in this world at all ; because , from their showing , no man can get a livelihood from his labour , far less raise a surplus to assist in maintaining the other portions of tho community who may beengaged in producing the" othor )|[ ' ' § gi _^ " _$ _' $ I here i _^ r _^ _Wparagraph from the _PertMirc Advertiser whioh ought to put them to the blush ,

      WHAT CAN BE GOT OUT OF LAND . Our readers will doubtless recollect that , at the annual meeting ofthe friends ofthe House of Refuge , a remit was made to Mr . Maiben , the secretary to the Refuge , to ascertain the practicability of adding to the institution a school farm for boys similar to that of Quatt , alluded , to in the report . Since that time , Mr . Maiben has _rcceivGd a lottor from Mr . Cook , the master ofthe Deaf and Dumb Institution , in _answer to one from him , giving a detailed account of the experiment he has made in cultivating a piece of ground by moans of the labour of the boys under his charge . This

      experiment , Mr . Cook mentions , has been attended with a very remarkable degree of success . The ground brought under cultivation consisted principally of a bank so very steep that it was a favourite amusement of the boys to slide down from the top of it to the bottom , seated upon a p iece of board . This barren piece of ground was broken up b y moans of picks and spades , and tho bank was cut into terraces , having walls of turf or stone in front , and these planted with potatoes and other vegetables . One-third of the bank was composed of good ground and the remainder of bad grave l , and the whole extent of the place was only about an acre and a-half ; and yet within these narrow limits Mr . Cook has managed to raise a sufficient quantity of vegetables to

      supp ly the whole of his pupus—sixty-fivo in number—besides a large quantit y of potatoes , and food sufficient for two cows and nine p igs . The saving thus effected to the institution has been very considerable . In speaking upon this subject , Mr . Cook says— "It is difficult to state the annual value of our produce , though some items which have actually been saved 1 can mention . First , formerl y our vegetables for the house exclusive of potatoes , cost 4 s . Gd . a-week , which , since 1 st May , 1848 , bas been quite saved . Since Sept ., 1847 * we havo also saved Is . 4 d . a-day for milk—as butter , which we havo had , and milk sold , would fully pay for what we have had to lay out for the cows . During the year 18-18 we had potatoes two months ( eight pecks daily ) , and during 1849 do . four months . This

      makes—Vegetables—1 st May , ISIS , to 1 st Jan . 1 S 50 , at 4 s . 6 d . a week _^ 19 12 0 Milk—1 st Sept ., 1 S 47 , to 1 st Jan ., 1850 , at 9 s . id . a week 56 16 _rotatoes—1818—nine weeks , at Cd . a peck —38 s 1212 0 Ditto — 18 ia—eighteen weeks , at ditto .. 25 4 0

      £ 111 4 0 In this estiiiiate I make no allowance . _; for the much more abundant supply of vegetables whicli we had , in the summer timo frequently enabling us to givo thc children cabbages when we could not have potatoes ; nor have I reckoned anything for the refuse vegetables wc have had for thb pigs , and a still more important item to be taken into the account is the value of the laud now , which before was valueless . '' It will be seen from the above extracts , and from tho caso of Quatt , to which wc

      formerly referred , that there eau be no doubt of the possibility of a similar farm being cultivated successfull y by means of boys . In tho Deaf and Dumb Institution thoy aro now effecting an annual saving of 50 / . or GO ? , by cultivating an acre and a half of very indifferent ground ; and at Quatt they not only succeeded in supporting forty-nino children , by causing them to cultivate four-and-a-half acres , but wero able , after paying a rent of 19 / ., to realise a profit of GO / , or 70 / . towards defraying salaries , & c . Wo trust , therefore , that , tho managers and friends of the Eefugc

      •* 1 * S ^^^-*''^''*'*«^**^^W*,*,*Rf^<-*...

      will succeed ingettiug agoing a similar scheme amongst ourselves . If it succeeds _^ which , under proper _management it is sure to do , we will not only be enabled vto maintain and educate _^ r : j _* ivenile , vajgr _^ nts' _! at a small expense , but , by ' setting' ah _^ the _^ egimiple of a self-support- " ing institutioni _^ rpWa * p | _i'tfj . it may eventually ; induce the _public to multi | jly aucfi _inetitutions _^ and thus effect " * diminution of our poor-rates —a consummation devoutedly to be wished .- — _Pertltshire Advertiser .

      If Feargus O'Connor had put forth the above to the world , the press would have raised an outcry , and < declared : him fit for a madhouse ; but , respected _sir _. take courage .- ? Ho wever much you may be decried . by . the enemies of the working men , and they assI 1 s iVodby those . who pretend . to be your friends , to denounce and put you down , you have lived long enough to _l ( ee those glorious principles , which you are the propourider of taking root , and spreading in quarters you least expected to-see them in , and which , in my opinion , is the onlj resource that this country has to fall baok upon to prevent desolation , bankruptcy , and ruin . Then . sir . will vour name

      be revered as the saviour , of your country , when necessity ; compels tbem ' ; to _^ _dapt what you haVS developed- _^ ifcem . ' _^ _t- _±$ I _^ _- , - _^ .. _^ . x _^ _rt _# _^ _iP i _igs > y ' . .. . _* _^ _tr _* . ' '' _""* , ' _''IJvWiWSnBRsiwrox Glasgow , February 25 tb " ¦ P . S . —I have repeatedly heard Alexander Cleland state that he did nofc average the sum of 8 s . per week , per year , in Scotland . How does this square with his statement of from £ 1 Is . to 10 s . and 12 s . per week ? The condition of his famil y , -when they arrived at Sni g ' s End , is a decided proof of what I here state to be correct , as will be seen in the way his Aid Money was expended after their arrival . *—D , S .

      The Land Plan. The Science Of Agricultur...

      THE LAND PLAN . The science of agriculture is only in its infanc _** . _—PiEL , TO THE EDITOn 0 * Till * _NOninEns STAR . Dear Sir , —It is the desire of every good man to endeavour to '' leave the world . better than he found it . Upon this maxim Feargus O'Connor , Esq .., M . P ., started his glorious LanttPlan . I look upon anything , brought forward for the elevation of mankind as glorious . The Land Plan was started for the sole object of elevating the condition ot the working classes . It has heen stated to the world , that the scheme is a failure ; I , for one , deny it . It has not had a sufficient trial . " . I have resided at O'Connorville for some months , and during that time lhave found out that great difficulties have to be overcome : and that several ofthe allottees have had to undergo great hardships , owing to their want of

      experience in agricultural pursuits , and likewise to the failure of the potato crop . But , I think that tho object of the allottees should be to overcome their difficulties , and to struggle on for thc purpose of showing to the world that the system of Small Farms , as propounded by Mr . O'Connor , is a glorious system , and ought to be adopted throughout Great Britain and Ireland . I think it would prove a sovereign remedy for the distress now existing in the British dominions . It would speedily abolish poverty from the land . Emigration sinks into utter insignificance when compared with this God-like Plan of Mr . O'Connor ' s . A Young Bachelor . O'Connorville .

      Mr. O'Connor's Land Company. [We Have Be...

      MR . O'CONNOR ' S LAND COMPANY . [ We have been favoured with a copy of the following letter , which will appear in the forthcomin g number of Reynolds ' s Political Instructor . _} TO THE EDITOR OP TIIE " INSTRUCTOR . " M Dear Sir , —The trial of the caso in the Court of Exchequer , " O'Connor against Bradshaw , " induces me to make a few remarks on the Land Society generally . It occurs to me that the ability of a family to insure a comfortable maintenance on two , three , oi

      four acres of land does not rest on the opinion of John Arthur Roebuck , Judge Pollock , or any allottee of Snig ' s End , or elsewhere . The Eastbourne experiment of Mrs . Gilbert puts that point beyond discussion . The late William Cobbett , a better authority than any witness brought into court , has given his opinion to the world , which opinion is _favoi'faWe _^ 'to _^ _si * - * " _^ _hwTtoWithrOT _^ assures us of the ad * vantages to be'derived from a state of society iii which agriculture and manufactures are conjoint interests ofthe same families .

      Mr . O'Connor ' s Land Scheme is neither Utopian nor foolish ; it is sound in principle , and , if carried fully out , would be sound in practice . Carried out —ay , there ' s the rub ; and whose fault is it that it is not carried out ? I say chiefl y the fault of those who became members of tho society , and promised to pay up their shares , and have failed in their eontract . We are assured that Mr . O'Connor has made extravagant statements -. it may be so ; but have not others bad oxtravagant hopes ? And now , when these hopes arc not realised , Mr . O'Connor must be held up as the scape-goat for the ignorance of others . If a man came into my house , and said the moon was made of green cheese , what would be thought of mo if I entered the witness-box to give evidence to the effect that I believed the

      statement to be true ? It might be proved that the statement was made ; but my ignorance in believing sucb a statement , would be a fact patent to the world . Now admitting that Mr . O ' Connor may havo made extravagant statements , it is not at all to be reasoned therefrom that such statements were made with a criminal intention . How happens it that if Mr . O'Connor ' s object was fortune-making , that ho did not at once become laud-broker ? If he had dane so , he might have bought land , and by his influence , and the confidence the working classes had in his integrity and ability , he mig ht have enriched himself without difficulty . The fact is , that Mr . O'Connor propounded a plan , which was eagerly adopted : and a society of

      obscure birth grew to giant dimensions . The press and the law opposed its success . Mr . O'Connor , although beloved by thousands of ono order , is hated by thousands of others . Those hating him look to all his actions with a jaundiced eye ; and they are the parties who were thc first and the most bitter _cnimics of the National Land Company ; not that they understood thc objects of the society , or had even , in many cases , read the rules of the society : they opposed the O'Connor Land Plan because Mr . O'Connor was its _propounded They did not like Mr . O'Connor , and they , for that reason , opposed his plans . Wh y they did not like Mr . O'Connor was another question , and one they could not so easily answer .

      "We ilo not like thee , Dr . Pell , The reason why , we cannot tell ; ¦ : But this much wc know full well , We do not like thee , Dr . Fell . " I have said that Ml ' . O'Connor may have made extravagant statements , but he never said that roan could live without labour . " Earn thy bread by the sweat of thy brow , " is an old law of nature , older than the _?< and Plan of Mr . O'Connor , and it was for those who joined tho _Ltnd Society to remember it . As to pictures of rural bliss , and a kind of paradiso happiness , those Extravagancies aro common to many men who have the- misfortune to mistake tho meaning of happiness , and mistake words for things . A fact or two , however , may be of value , illustrative of life and death ; and if it be proved that those who live in agricultural districts are , on the average , _longer lived than those who live in manufacturing districts , the inference is not illogical , if we say that those who live longest are , on the average , happiest . Now for thc figures .

      Manchester . Rutlandsh . Average age at death . Gentry and tlieir families .. 31 — fl _2 Tradesmen and their families _., * 20 41 Mechanics , labourers , aud their families 17 — 38 Those _figures do not prove that if a labourer SOWS tares he will reap wheat ; that if his land Jay waste he will be rich ; but they do prove that , on the average , those who live a rural lifo do _o'ljoy better health and more physical happiness than those who live in crowded manufacturing districts . Mr . O'Connor was justified in speaking in even _flowing languago in favour of a rural life . Hut if I remember rightly , Mr . O'Connor ' s letters were nofc

      particularly poetical , but were rather-prosaic , nnd filled with statistics about pi gs , potatoes , manure , and cattle ; and it was for those interested in the Land Society , to carefully examine the statements made , and compare such statements with other authorities , and test all of them by their practical experience . It is not unusual for men who know but little of tlio Land Society , and less of land , to speak of Mr . O'Connor as a cheat , a deceiver , an impostor , and a demagogue . On whom has _Jie . imposed ? What has lie gained by liis imposition ? I think lacts tell a different tale . If ho has cheated , he has himself been tho loser ; and as to his being a demagogue , Ue is beyond a doubt a leader of the people , and will

      Mr. O'Connor's Land Company. [We Have Be...

      probably continue to influence tlie _miridB of some _* brtion :. o £ ihd ~ W _^^ to come . _MrfS'CToWtfii _^ who i _« "" _ibttffiitfault _^ as with a powerful _" magnifying- glass , - aid _^ n _is virtues have been bidden . as under _aiibushel . "; piio thing ho bag _dpney _* _ai * l , that alone _isif no _^ _afi a _^ omp _il _^ mcnt ; _he-foptoaVwshadow _over'thlS ' country ; and hia _KtftfSbciel-y h _^ Travel'in England / riOrth and south , ;;( _-b . ut more-git tli ' e ' north thari ' the south )' ftti _* i _» _iH *" ? eiT parish you wlll _' -hear of _HjcaVland _gocietiesV sometimcs _originat---. _wobably oontinue to _Muonoe tbe of some

      ing with trades' unions , at other times , with lai : d associations . Trace all , of these societies , to their fountain head , and you will find In them the impress of the mind of Mr , O'Connor . This is a work , greafi al }! 1 _"J *; ful a n « its acknowledgement at this time Will help to tako the sting out of even the venom of the learned member for Sheffield . Add to that facfe , the admitted personal honesty of Mr . _O'Connory and sayi'lf yourcan , if fie really deserves this hatred , thismalicei this irisult _> _I'think differently , and I have _iwatbhed-iiiia-narrowl _yij : and have _fvqin a very early sper " . p . di ; _J ) een ;> a _. paW _^ _up shareholder of ; _tltf National Land Company , _afcd am V-: . ;? '" >• . . " ' _" " ' . . " - ' _- - . " r . .... _i'f-X " ' _V - 'A _* I _* -U ** LOCAtB I » MeHBB ' R .

      J./$$Jw

      _J . / _$$ _jW

      ... Bath.—On Monday Evening Last A Meeti...

      ... Bath . —On Monday evening last a meeting of tha Land members of the Bath branch of the National Land Company tookplaoeat Mr . Chappel ' s , C 0 rfl-i street , in this city , which was , considering the great distance at which many- ofthe members reside , and the shortness of the riOtioe , well attended ; and after " a very animated _^ conversation on the state of tha Company ' s affairs , and the disgraceful conduct of many of tho allottees ' Mr . Coombs was , on the _inflii tion of Mr v Bolwell , ' called to the chair . —Mr . HilUei rose , and after a speech of seme length in defence of _the'Land-SBhemo and the . character of Mr . O ' Connor _, its nrbiector , conclitded by movinir the follow .

      ing resolution : "That in theippiniori of this meei « ing the ' goheral conduct of _MrkO'Connor , in ref < f « _renci to ; _£ he L _*| _jd _$ o _^ _"toTCMl ; fo _^? f _& e -g _^ atitude q | eve _** y ~ honest meihW of _^ that- _* ° " * P _^ ' * _- _^ 3 ' , V ' _-jri-i- ; _fMl'Jier _j _-thatfibb ' _meeting 'h ' a || t , S ' | _^ the ' ability * * M _* Mleg " rity of that ' g _*^ emari . ' _^ i-The _* -resolutioa was seconded in a few _t _^ _propriate'fein _^ rks , by Mr . Cornish , and carried _^ _unanimously—Mr . Bolweli then rose , and in a speech of considerable length _y entered into the subject of the Land Scheme froni its commencement , pointing out to those present _thf difficulties to which the scheme and its _propounded had been subjected : first , by a corrupt and _hireling

      press ; second , by thc government ; and last , thougfi not leaBt , by thc ingratitude and apathy of _thafe class for whoso benefit the master mind of M * . O'Connor ushered it into existence . Mr . B . then animadverted upon the disgraceful conduct of man * f of the allottees , and also the partial conduct of tha court in reference to the late trial for libel , in the case of O'Connor it . Bradshaw , and his _triumphant victory , and concluded by moving the following _j-fi _. solution : " That this meeting sincerely sympa . thises with Mr . O'Connor in the persecution tQ which he has from time to time been subjected , in his endeavour to improve the condition of the work * ing classes , and more particularly witb regard to the late trial , O ' Connor v . Bradshaw , for libel ; and that we pledge ourselves individually to subscribe " and procure funds towards defraying the expenses

      of that trial . —The resolution was seconded b y Mr . Cottle , and ' carried unanimously . —A committee of five persons was then chosen to collect funds for the above object ; Mr . Coombs , of Corn-street , tc , act as secretary ; and Mr . Bolwell , of Galloway ' s _, buildings , as treasurer—to whom sums may be forwarded . A collection was then made in the _meeting , when the sum of twenty shillings waa collected , a vote of thanks was given to the chairman , and thu meeting separated . _AsmoN . —At the weekly meeting of the members , held in the Company ' s room , corner of York-street , Charlestown , on Sunday afternoon , Feb . 24 th . Mr . Price having been appointed chairman , the following resolution was passed unanimously ; " That we , the Land members of the Ashton branch , assembled this day , deem , it our duty , and the duty of every Land member and Chartist in the country , to come

      forward and rescue our cause from rum and disgrace , and also to show our enemies that we will not allow our noble chief to be sacrificed to the vindictive malice of a hostile government , who vainl y seek to ruin him , in the hope of being able to prevent the people from carrying out the _Lsad Plan , or gaining their political independence : we therefore call on the members of the Ashton branch , and all others , to come forward at once , and commence paying the sum of threepence per week , until ths whole of tho expenses aro paid off , and thus show to our enemies that we arc determined not to be crushed , nor will we allow our noble benefactor to he so . " A committee was then appointed to carry out the above resolution : after which every member

      present gave one shilling towards the fund , in the hope that all their brother members will attend next Sunday and do likewise , which they will , it they aro not enemies to themselves and their order . Let shame rest upon the heads of those who-refuse to defend the founder of our much reviled Land Plan , when even his enemies have been compelled to acknowledge his honesty , and to declare his character-to bg unimpeachable . ., _^ . _^ , _„„ . „ . _Wll ll _^^ 8 ia _« _pi"tn * case ? 6 f _^^ _Ci ' , C 6 ' nS 5 _K '« . _^ radsbiw ** fas discussed , arid the following . resolution-was unanimously adopted : ' That we , the members of the Land Company , _having implicit confidence in the honesty and honour of Mr . Feargus O'Connor , do recommend a subscription to be set on foot towards defraying the expenses incurred by that gentleman

      in defending his character against the attack of the vile Aotlingham Journal . " Seven shillings and sixpence was collected , and one member informed the meeting that he should forward a sovereign , and repeat it if necessary again , and again , rather than that gentleman should ho allowed to be ruined with expenses . —It was also resolved to adjourn tha meeting to next Monday evening , to allow every member an opportunity of contributing his mite . Norwich . —At a meeting of members on Monday the 25 th of February , the following resolution waa adopted unanimousl y : — ' That this meeting is of opinion that the honesty and integrity of Mr . O' Connor is unimpeachable . This meeting is also of opinion that tho cost for the action belongs to

      the members of the Company , and we pledge ourselves individuall y and collectively to do our _parfc towards paying it . Furthermore , we tell Bradshaw and Co ., notwithstanding their lies , and the villanous conduct of the base press-gang , that it is not in their power to damage that gentleman ' s character in the eyes of the public . We have the same confidence in him wo always had , and trust the members and the working classes generally , will show their gratitude by discharging .-ill the pecuniary liabilities to which he lias subjected himself , by taking up the cause of tbe people /' Limehouse , Khuxswick Haix . —At a meeting of members of this branch ofthe Land Company , held on Monday February 25 th—Mr . Lumbin tho

      chairthe following resolution was unanimously agreed to : — " That in tho opinion of this meeting , seeing the determination of government not to legalise the Company , and the powerful influence of the Pi-ess in support of the government , we consider it absolute ** necessary , that the affairs of the Company be immediately wound lip ,-seeing the impossibility of prosecuting it _furthoi-Kvith any hope of success . We , therefore , call on _thejnembers throughout the country , to express their opinions firmly , but , afc the same time with temperance and moderation . We also call on Mr . O'Connor to dispense , as soon as possible , with the services of the following gen-¦

      tlemen , namely Messrs . Clark , M'Grath , Doyle , and Dixon , as we cannot see in what way they can longer be beneficially employed . "—The meeting was then adjourned , after expressing great dissatisfaction on aecountof tho secretary not having received a balance sheet of the Company since January , 1818 . _Maachestei * . —At a meeting of the Committee of the Land members , holden on Sunday evening last , m the People ' s Institute , it was resolved to form a , Committee for collecting subscriptions in aid of the Honesty Fund . The meeting was adjourned to Sunday morning _^ March Srd , for thc ' purpose of carrying out the above named object .

      The Land Scheme. Mr. Feargus O'Connor Ha...

      THE LAND SCHEME . Mr . Feargus O'Connor has for many years past devoted his energies to a project to enable tho industrious humbler classes to obtain such a portion of land as would en » ble tliem , by their labour , to support themselves and families out of its produce . That it would ho desirable for many of our citizens to support themselves in this way will not , we imagine , be denied by any , though great difference of opinion may exist as to the mode by which it is to be accomplished . Upon Mr . Feargus 0 ' Connor ' s p lan we shall offer no opinion , but wait till its practical operation is move fully developed than at present . Hut wc may observe that for many years a . _svstcm lias been iu operation , thc effect of which has been to drive the poorer portion of tho

      population out of the rural parishes into the towns , and this , among other causes , is ono reason why all our towns have so rapidly ia , creased in size and population . Wo shall nofc discuss thc question of large farms v . small farms , as that , wo think , is move a question as to the amount , of capital a cultivator possesses than a national otio ; but this is certain , that , for tho last century at least , thousands of small farms havo been thrown together , or been added to some previously existing largo farm . The consequence ha * been , that little fanners became first labourers , and then , as timos grew worse throughout the American and French wars , paupers , most labourers being paid at least partly out of the poor-rates , under tbo old ( Concluded in Ihe _eiikih page , )

      Npi

      npi

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), March 2, 1850, page 1, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_02031850/page/1/