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  Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.

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    /..;.,_,.,,..- ...-.. THfriNQJRTO^ 1, 18...

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    TO TAILORS. jost published, .

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    THE NORTHERN; STAR SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 1, 1845.

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    THE CORN LAWS.-THE FAMINE.-THE RAILWAYS,...

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    . FAMINE. Howeveh subtle, shrewd, and in...

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    IMPORTANT SUGGESTION FOR THE PRE.. SERVA...

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    ' THE "LEEDS. TIMES" AND THE \ " NORTHER...

• Transcript

  • Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.

    Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.

    /..;.,_,.,,..- ...-.. Thfrinqjrto^ 1, 18...

    / .. ; ., _ ,.,,..- _...-.. _THfriNQJRTO _^ 1 , 1843 / 4 _ . _^^^^^^ _^ _. _^^ ' ' ' , " . , _' _- _, ml ' " tl , ¦¦ i _... _'¦ . _¦ ' ' ¦ ¦¦¦¦ . H . _« ii . ini . _^ * 111 I _^ _ _^____ _IH _. __ k _y _rf--- ¦ - _..... ' ¦ ¦ _ . , _- _;' ¦ _«

    To Tailors. Jost Published, .

    TO TAILORS . jost published , .

    Ad00415

    L _™ , v _ t a park FASHIONS for tbe Autumn _^^ _fSS- _^ « MH-U Conduitstreet , _^ _^ _SteS London _^ She mo . _tsupexb plate ever _pub-^^ l _^ _S _^ _S _*^*^ the _mostfi _^ onable _gar-^ nt _^ _arSly tte new _' _tyle _prtetot over-coate , both _^ _Suble-Drcas tel , _slxpatt _^ _^ of pale tot , two dress coats , the _P-msiau style _^ t _^ m _sldrte , andsbMting vest ; full and particular _^ ort . Ac , to . Price 10 s . 6 iL for the one season , or 20 s . _fbTone year , including an intermediate report , summer Md winter , _wiri every-oei _^ ssary Information throughout

    Ad00413

    TO TAILORS . Sv approbation of Her Most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria and His Royal Highness Prince Albert . ' THE _LOXDOS aud PAEIS FASHIONS for Autumn and "Winter , 1845 and 1846 , ready early in October , by HEAD and Co ., _" 12 , lI __ _rtatrcet , Bloomsbuiy-square , London ; Berger , Holy well-street , Strand , London , and maybe had of all Booksellers wheresoever residing ; a verv superb Print , representing the most splendid exhibition in Europe , an Interior View of the Colosseum , Hegent _' _s-pari , _Londen . This exquisitely executed and beautifully coloured Print will be accompanied with full-_ _dzeDress , Fro (_ k , andIUdhigCoatPattenis ; also , Patterns ofthe Sew Fashionable Polka Frock , and Locomotive

    Ad00412

    TO ALL WHO _CAX'T PAY ! IMMEDIATE Protection , and a prompt and safe final discharge , without the intervention of a Prison or an Attorney . A discharge to Debtors is now imperative , because Imprisonment for Debt is now penal , not remedial . —Debtors of all grades will be benefitted by applying forthwith to John S . Benstead , 22 , _Basinghall-strect , near tlie Court of Bankruptcy , London .

    Ad00411

    eKEAT _BKITAItf MOT UAL _LU'E ASSURANCE SOCIETY , 11 , _TVateeloo-place , Losdox . dibectoe 3 . The Chishohn , Chairman . " William Morley , Esq ., Deputy Cliairman . Henry S . Barber , Esq . James John Kinloch , Esq . Johu * J _ trightnian , Esq . Henry Lawson , Esq . _STraucis _Urodijan , Esq . Henry Penny , Esq . James Win . Deacon , Esq . Robert Power , Esq ., M . D . Alexander R . Irvine , Esq . The Rev , F . TV . Johnson John Tnglis Jcrdein , Esq . Vickery , A . M .

    Ad00410

    SHEFFIELD AND LINCOLNSHIRE JUNCTION RAILWAY . WHERE AS , Notices were duly published in the month of November last , in the London Gazette , the Sheffield and _Rotherham . Independent , the Nottingham . Journal , the Berhyshire Courier , the Lincoln , Rutland , and Stamford Mercury , and the Lincoln Standard Newspapers , that application was intended to be made in tbe then next ensuing Session -i > f Parliament , for leave to bring in a Bill to incorporate n Company , and to give to such Company power to make and maintain a Railway , commencing by a Junction with the Sheffield , Ashton-under-Lyne , -Hid Manchester Railway , at or near _Oborne-streeti in the Township of BrightBide Bierlow , in the Parish nf _ il . nfi . pl _ l -in t _ _hi _ "Wfist-Hidiwo- nf the Onnntv of WIW 1 - _» v —a . — _^——— _j

    Ad00414

    _^ _. _^^ KOTieE TO EMIGRANTS . . _^ C

    Pc00416

    Ad00417

    COLOSSEUM . PATRONISED and visited by her Most Gracious MAJESTY" and his Royal Highness Prince ALBERT , OPEN DAILY from Ten till Six , _Tronounced by the Press , and confirmed by every visitor to be . the most perfect triumph of Art in its various oranches , both by Day and Night , that has ever been achieved . Equal to six exhibitions . The Glyptotheca , containing works of the first artists ; Mont Blanc and "Mountain Torrents / Superb Conservatories , Gothic Aviary , Classic Ruins and Fountains , Panorama of London , re-painted by Mr . _Parris , & e . Admittance , 3 s . Children , half-price . The Stalactite Caverns , the most magnificent of all the temples which nature has built for herself in the regions of night , ls . extra .

    Ad00418

    TO THE EMBARRASSED—IMPORTANT . THERE are thousands of persons who hare struggled long against the force of misfortune , but few are aware that by a very recent Act all small traders owing debts not exceeding £ 300 , farmers , and all others owing to any amount , can be entirely raised from their difficulties at a small expense , and without imprisonment or bankruptcy . All such Mr . Weston begs will apply to him at _Moira-chambers , 17 , Ironmonger-lane , Cheapside , by letter or personally . Persons summoned for small debts should apply immediately , as they may thereby save ; tijemselves from frequent and lengthened , conimitmentsitojmson . /

    Ad00420

    - ; : ' TEETBi : i _^ r _" : _^ : MASTICATION and ' Articulation .. ' Improved and Guaranteed . —Messrs . DAVIj _£ , Surgeon-Dentists , 123 , _PaU-mall , opposite the Haymarket , and 1 , New Bridge-street , corner of Fleet-street , continue to supply teeth , guaranteed never to discolour , break , or denay , and fixed without , springs or wires , without extracting the old stumps , or giving any pain . A single tooth , 5 s . ; a set , £ 5 . Loose teeth fastened . Scurvy in the gums effectually cured . Stopping decayed teeth . Price 4 s ., Davis ' s Hermastican ; all 2 _ersons can use it themselves , as full directions are enclosed , and can be sent per post .

    Ad00419

    COALS . PROVIDE FOR -WINTER . PROVIDENT FAMILIES , subscribing ls . per week to the Metropolitan Coal Company ' s Shilling Club , can obtain four half tons annually , without further charge , fines , A-c . The Company's price current is , Best Screened Wallsend , 25 s . per _foR ton ; Seconds , 21 s ., 22 s ., and 23 s .: Coke , 17 s . 6 d . Office , 279 , High _Holborn .

    Ad00421

    METROPOLITAN SEWAGE MANURE COMPANY . ( Provisionally registered . ) Capital £ 1 , 500 , 000 , in 30 , 000 Shares of £ 50 each . Deposit £ 1 per Share . THE object of this Company is to supply ( at a quarter of the cost of stable or farmyard manure ) the sewage water of the Metropolis to the surrounding countiy as manure by mechanical means similar to those employed by the "Water Companies . A careful and moderate calculation has been made of the annual outlay and income , from which it can con . fidentlybe stated that the undertaking will realise a net profit of at least 15 per cent . Prospectuses , containing full particulars of the plan , and extracts from the reports and authorities upon which the estimates are based , may be had on application at the temperary offices of the Company , No . 5 , Berners-street or will be forwarded to any address .

    Ad00422

    EQUITY AND LAW LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY , No . 26 , _LINCOLN'S-INN-EIELDS , LONDON . Capital £ 1 , 000 , 000 , In 10 , 000 Shares of £ 100 each . " teustees . The Right Hon . Lord Monteagle . The Bight Hon . tne Lord Nassau W . Senior , Esq ., a Chief Baron . Master in Chancery . ' The Hon Mr . Justice Cole- C . P . Cooper , Esq ., ridge . Q . C ., L . L . D ., F _. R . S . The Hon . Ur . Justice Erie . George Capron , Esq .

    Ad00409

    JUST PUBLISHED , In one volume , foolscap 8 vo ., neat cloth , price 7 s . 6 d ., THE PURGATORY OF SUICIDES : A Prison Rhyme : in Ten Books : BY THOMAS COOPER , THE CHARTIST . J . How , Publisher , 132 , _Pleet-street . _£ g > Orders from the Country to be sent through the Booksellers .

    The Northern; Star Saturday, November 1, 1845.

    THE NORTHERN ; STAR SATURDAY , NOVEMBER 1 , 1845 .

    The Corn Laws.-The Famine.-The Railways,...

    THE CORN LAWS .-THE FAMINE .-THE RAILWAYS , AND THE LAND . The hurly-burly into whicli tke sudden volcanic eruption of railway speculation has thrown us , together with the fascinating prospects that the ' importation of cheap corn irom abroad may arrest the progress of famine at home , may probably furnish our experimental Government with a pretext for accomplishing a measure against which a more sober state of society would protest—a total repeal of tiie Corn Lnws . It may be urged by abstract _reasqners and interested speculators that the present season . of prospective scarcity is not only a fitting time , but the very time , at which the corn of other countries should bc admitted free .

    As , however , we have at all times devoted much care to tho instruction of the working classes . upon this all-important subject , we feel ourselves now more than ever bound to" caution them against any participation in a change which must inevitably add all the horrors of revolution to the misery of famine . It is a fact admitted on all hands , that every country in Europe has more or less suffered damage iu all the articles of food , while , at the same time , in order to gull the landed supporters of Sir Robert Peel , it is

    ingeniously argued that the general failure , together with the protective policy of other governments , would have the effect of raising the price of com in foreign countries to a standard at which it could not be imported into England to that extent which would materially affect the price of corn at home . ' Already do the several speculating journals furnish us with the market price of corn in the several wheat growing countries , from whence it might , with prospect of profit , be impoi ted iuto England . '' . ' ,

    Now never was there a greater , delusion , inasmuch as the price abroad , however high it may rate , would furnish no scale whatever _asto'its" value when once imported into this country . As with labour , so with labour ' s _produco—it is the amount in the market that regulates its _priceJ Suppose , then , that all the foreign speculators are- at-this moment engaged in anticipation of an _Qrder-ih Council for opening the ports of England . to the free importation of foreign corn , and suppose-that anticipation to raise the market

    price in foreign ; countries , so that relatively to their distance from English ports they could not afford to sell their produce at less than 70 s . or 80 s . the quarter , to hold out such an argument to those who may be thereby induced to consent to . the experiment would be " a . mockery ,, a delusion _^ an d a snare . " England is now supposed to be capable of abstracting at a sweep £ 30 , 000 , 000 from the active capital of the country to invest in moonshine , while cotemporaneously her capitalists and manufacturers can boast of a roaring trade .

    It is for such a market that the importers will speculate , should foreign governments allow the food of the country to leave their shores , it will be the amount of corn sent hereupon speculation , and not the price abroad , that will regulate its sale in our markets . If we require four million quarters to make good our deficiency , foreign speculators will not arrange their supplies accordingly , but . will com . pete for priority , and hence the richest market in the world will be drugged , not only with the sparocorn of other countries , but with as much as can be pur chased in the hope of . remuneration . The landlords and farmers will then discover the effects of Free

    Trade in such a reduction in the price of produce as will astound them . The first effect of such an order would be precisely similar to that produced by Sir Robert Peel ' s cattle Tariff in 1841 . The effect of that measure was to create a panic so sudden , among the graziers and feeders , that in the anticipation of a supply from the Continent , "which was not in existence , they glutted the meat market to . an extent which reduced its price for some time nearly onehalf . This change was temporary , a few were partially benefitted , while the farmers , who sold under the apprehension of the panic , were considerably injured .

    Such would be precisely the effect upon the grain market , of an Order m Council to open the ports for the free importation of foreign corn . No sooner would the order issue than every thrashing machine and every flail would be put into active operation in order to anticipate foreign competition . Such would be the effect upon the farming interest , while , during the season of panic , not a farmer would be found sufficiently speculative to give employment to the

    agricultural labourers , and as a necessary' consequence , this immense body of men would either be driven as competitors into -the manufacturing market , or converted into free livers ( for . _thievos we could not call them ) upon whatever they- could get . Thus wc caution Sir Robert Peel not to seize that opportunity which an unhealthy public opinion , inflated with bubble speculations , may present for the accomplishment of a measure , the consequences of which the wisest cannot foresee .

    There is no policy more dangerous than that of seizing capricious opportunities for experimental egislation . The unhealthy state into which the Government has allowed railway and other speculations to fall , must inevitably saddle it with much of the threatened disaster from famine . It is ludicrous to read of the nice mechanism , the chemical operations , and economical management , by which the whole people are told they MAY EXIST through the present calamity , while we assert ,

    without fear of contradiction , that the anomalous position into which railway speculation has led hundreds of thousands of idle non-contributors , materially adds to the danger of the national malady , by the wasteful consumption bf -whole flocks of birds of prey , not one of whom earns a morsel that he puts into his mouth . Yes , we assert that an ex-cat' « - mcat railway director , with a family of five , will consume and waste more than five respectable families of five persons each .

    If our Co-operative Land Association numbered half a million , and if the shares were paid up , we should then enforce a repeal of the Corn Laws from _, the Prime Minister , in order that we might thereby be enabled to repurchase the usurped Land of the country at half its present price ; and if the importation of the produce of foreign countries was THEN found in jurious to bur agricultural Association of 500 , 000 , aye , or even 100 , 000 , each with his musket , they could then shut the ports , and open them at discretion ; or if we were now living under the provisions ofthe People ' s Charter , we might be induced to open the ports , because we would be enabled to turn the change to national good , and to correct it if it became _aneyil . For all these reasons we have come tothe

    conclusion that the whole railway system which has hitherto worked so much injury to society , and so little good to the poor , where the managers can prevent it , must be placed under the control of Government . That the possession of the Land alone by the people can secure them against calamities , in producing which they alone are irresponsible—that the Government of the country must be an emanation from the whole people , and not a kind of one-sided ladder , with easy " rungs" for the slothful , the _privileged , and the idle to mount by , and a soaped pole for the industrious to sup down . While we write thus despondingly upon subjects now controlled by irresponsible and thoughtless men , let us not despair ; the crash of their own creation is at hand , and its inevitable effect must be to throw into our ranks the

    discontented of all classes , and their name will be Legion . When an army trained in idleness , dissipa _< tion , lewdness , and luxury , is disbanded , they become excellent weapons of agitation . They are not easily reconciled to their transition from the lap of ease to the field of labour—they complain , and are heard , or they strike , and are felt . And so with the railway bubble when it bursts—all the insects that now flutter gorgeously in it , and about it , will be loath once more to return to the counter , the stall , the lapboard , or thc cat's-meat , and , as a busy swarm , will buz angrily about the ear of faction , and if not heard and attended to , will sting the eyes of the wilfully blind . So with the honest agricultural labourers

    The Corn Laws.-The Famine.-The Railways,...

    who are about not only to be disinherited from their parish , but to bei driven ruthlessly from the field of toil where they were willing to slave without a murmur , so long as they were allowed to preserve a wretched existence for another hour of misery—they , too will murmur ; and their hungry ravings will echo through the rocks and the caverns , while the valleys will blaze with the light of their indignation . So with the pompous trades and proud mechanics ,. who are now willing forgers of their own fetters ; they , too , will wail , and though we shall have less pity for their sufferings , we will embrace , them in the national regeneration corps , and admit tkem to a participation inthe battle and its fruits , which must be the triumph of justice over injustice , of knowledge over bigotry and intolerance , and of liberty over tyranny , THE PEOPLE ' S CHARTER AND THELAND !

    . Famine. Howeveh Subtle, Shrewd, And In...

    . FAMINE . _Howeveh subtle , shrewd , and ingenious the Prime Minister may be—and we do not mean to assert that Sir Robert Pbel is deficient in any one of these qualities—there is an enemy now stalking to his house which cannot be stayed or arrested by the tardy process of Parliamentary inquiry . The slow and slugglish waddle of commission , committee , or even

    adjourned debate , will fail to keep pace with the active bound with which famine is coming to our door . "Live horse , and you'll get grass ! " has been the tempting bait offered by Sir Robert to the several parties upon whose fears of the coming of a greater hobgoblin he has been sustained in office . If Catholics complain of exclusion from one college , he tells them they shall have four colleges . If Churchmen complain of the "heavy blows and great discouragement" aimed at their power , he freely opens his own purse , in thc hope that legislative defection may be allayed by individual benefaction . If the

    landlords hang a murmur npon the rumour ofhis defection from their heretofore cherished and privileged order , the rod of Free Trade is shaken over their shoulders . If threatened with revolt from within , the prospect of a long continuance of office , and as long an exclusion from place , checks opposition and silences complaint . Large landed proprietors are ready to be dragged through the political mire so long as their countenance and support shows a balance in favour of patronage in account with reduced rents , while the colonies and home pickings

    constitute a refuge for their destitute offspring . All the means of Government furnished by those ready appliances will fail , however , when the Right Honourable Baronet has to deal with the great recruiting sergeant—hunger . Hence we find that the black flag has been suspended oyer that citadel which promises at once the easiest conquest and the most prompt relief . The citadel of monopoly is doomed , and must fall ; and if the ruin of the chief officers alone was to be the result , we should nothing mourn the crash :

    However fatal the inevitable consequence of a repeal of the Corn Laws must be to the landed proprietors of this country , and all who , as creditors , have claims upon their estates , we could look tamely on while the shock was rousing them to a sense of their injustice , subserviency , and thoughtlessness , were it not'that a more innocent , meritorious , and much more numerous class must participate in thc disaster . Sneh ever must be the case in a country governed without institutions , if a calamity occurs against which other nations can provide by a partial

    alteration in their policy , and without inflicting permanent evil upon any party . The Government of England in like cases , is compelled to make an assault upon the weakest party , as an offering to appease what a just system of Government might have averted . Under another head we have distinctly shown the impossibility of repealing the Corn Laws without the certainty of increasing the famine ; and now we shall endeavour to direct the attention of our readers to that universal calamity which is marching onwards with rapid strides .

    As early as the month of July last , we announced the certainty of a defective wheat crop—a calamity of itself quite sufficient to disarrange our house , of cards , but . when aggravated by the failure , not only of the potatoe crop , but of nearly every other crop _,-calculated to make the . stoutest heart quail . There seems to have been a universal blight . Throughout the great growing countries the vines have been extensively damaged . In Italy , its effect upon the mulberry trees was such as to compel the great silk growers to destroy in many instances more than one half of their silk worms , and the blight struck the

    leaf of the mulberry tree' precisely as it struck ] the leaf ofthe potatoe . " The turnip crpp . will not only prove deficient in quantity but . bad-in _. quality . The wheat , and especially the late wheat , which has not been yet offered for sale , will be incalculably deficient in yield . The oat crop is abundant in straw but inferior in quality . Hence we may reduce our prospects to almost arithmetical precision thus—if a partial failure of the wheat crop in England alone excites considerable alarm , wliat must be the effect of a failure in all the articles of food nearly all over the world—at least , over those portions ofthe world

    from whence supplies can come within salvation reach ? Answer . Famine—unless arrested by a measure which will compel those who have hoarded all the profits of labour in times of prosperity to administer to the general want in the trying hour of adversity . And why should it not be so ? How often have we denounced the system which causes all the visitations of God to fall alone upon those who are least capable of bearing them ? In this season of tribulation will the Queen surrender any of the luxuries of life ? Will the peer , the commoner , and the capitalist , who , by their own rules , laws , and regulations have amassed all that belongs to all , open their purse strings , or will they tempt tbe Almighty ' s . w rath and a hungry people ' s

    vengeance ? Do they suppose that the speculative resolutions of buyers and sellers and traffickers in human food will stay the monster ' s march ? Do they imagine that the chemical process by which a little starch may be extracted from rotten potatoes will save their order from that responsibility which now legitimately , legally , morally , justly , and religiously devolves upon them ? "We announced more than two months ago that nearly all Europe had sustained more than a one year ' s loss in the potatoe crop . We pointed out the difficulty , and were thc first to do SO , of procuring seed for . the ensuing year , and now all admit the fact . We stated that it was an infection which would not cease when the potatoes were digged , but like a contagion would spread amongst them when stored , and that we were right each

    succeeding day furnishes additional and lamentable proof . We shall now briefly show the value of the potatoe crop as an article of human food as compared with the value of the oat crop , " which comes nearest to it in degree , and is relied upon as a substitute for its failure . An acre of potatoes we will take ab the low average stated by the Times' Commissioner , in his letter of Tuesday last ( produced as a second crop upon reclaimed land ) at about 12 tons to the acre . Oats he estimates at ten barrels and four stone to the acre . Let us now see the amount of support afforded relatively by the two crops . A man , his wife and

    three children , will consume two stone of potatoes a day .. There are 100 stone in a ton , which , consequently , would supply eighty days' food ; this , multiplied by twelve , the number of tons , leaves 960 days' provision for ; the family , ; add to which , the man will be able from the offal to support a pig from three to four , months old , always selling him at four months , and replacing him with another of three

    months old , as the amount allowed for use would not feed one of a larger size . The profit we allow upon the ! sale of each pig is 2 s . 6 d . a : month ; and there being about two years and seven months in the 960 days , leaves a grossprofit upon the sale of £ 3 ft 6 d : which , at the ordinary , price . of potatoes ( 3 d per stone ) , would procure food for about 150 days or five months . Thus , we show that a family of five can ' live for three . years upon the produce of an acre of

    . Famine. Howeveh Subtle, Shrewd, And In...

    Potatoes of _twelvetons ; which is very much below the average , crop ; _r-The . acre ef oats , producing ten barrels' and four stone , at fourteen stone to the barrel , " will grind into about eleven hundred weight of meal , at eight stone to the hundred weight , when the shellirigs are taken off . If we allow three pounds and a half of meal to a family of five for the day , one hundred weight will serve for thirty-two days , and eleven hundred weight will serve for 352 days . Thus we find that an acre of oats will furnish food for a family for one year , In addition to the , straw , while the produce of an acre of potatoes will support the same family for three years .

    New , let it be borne in mind that flour and oatmeal are things always bought and never grown by Irish labourers , and only produced by farmers for the payment of rent , while the potatoes are more or less grown by the whole labouring class , and we find that the dreadful word traffic ; " steps in to augment the grievance when the . necessity for living upon bread orpbrridgearises . .. _v _; .. " . Again , in the South and West of Ireland , farmers usually have as many acresof ' potatoes as of wheat , as wheat always follows the potatoe crop , and they invariably have a greater number of acres of potatoes

    than of oats , as all the _. wheaten stubble is _not-always devoted to oat crop ! .. " ' This rule will apply more extensively to all the small farmers and labourers upon the Continent of Europe , . who invariably have a much larger portion of-rfcheir land : under potatoes than under oats . Thus _we-furmsh : an unerring table by which the loss of the potatoe crop as regards the labouring classes may . be estimated , and we close our observations , for the present , . under this awful head , by reminding tho wealthy ,- the proud , the arrogant , the thoughtless and over-secure , of the old adage , that "hunger will break through stone walls . "

    THE CHARTIST CO-OPERATIVE LAND SOCIETY . At foot wc give the opinion of Counsel upon the Chartist Co-operative Land Association , and , however it may differ from our own prejudice upon the question of enrolment , we felt bound to submit the case to Counsel without the slight est reference to our own feelings upon the subject . We felt that dealing with the interests of thousands , who cheerfully confide in us , tbat their protection , their salvation and welfare alone should bc our primary consideration ; and we rejoice to find that the attention of Counsel

    has been mainly directed towards the protection of the shareholders . The opinion we feel convinced will be read by all concerned in the undertaking with equal delight as by ourselves . In the : meantime we recommend the careful perusal of the opinion to every member of the Association , while we congratulate the working men upon the creditable and legal manner in which it appears the rules have been drawn up . It must be observed , that , while the principle of ballot is discountenanced , it is not illegal , and for this reason _^ because it does not violate the statutes against gaming and-lotteries , inasmuch as compensation , though - deferred , is

    afforded to every . shareholder of . the Society ; And , further , when Counsel says that , if not enrolled , the Society will come under the provision of a certain Act of Parliament , ho does not mean that its establishment is a violation of that Act , but that the non-enrolment , would simply , under its provisions , entail upon us certain expenses wliich the enrolment will save us . We are minute upon these subjects to show that the working men have not violated , and jhat we have not connived at the violation , of , any statute when we recommended the non-enrolment of the Society . Again—wehave _tpjjxpress a hope that the several localities will proceed with as little delay as possible to make the necessary arrangements which we hereby appoint to take place

    at Manchester , on Monday , the 1 st day of December next / for the forthcoming Conference . Meantime we request that our good friends in other districts will not _alioiv themselves to be so much alarmed by the Manchester resolution , for this simple reasonthat even if the suggestion were prudent , the carrying it out would be impossible , for two very natural reasons-firstly , Jbecause _thedircctoi'swould not _bejcapable ofperforming the required duties , as it is not likely that practical _agriculturists . will be appointed to the office "; and , ' secondly , because thoy could not be in twenty place ' s at the same time ; nevertheless , the Manchester members , as well as those of any other district , have a perfect right to make such suggestions and pass such resolutions as they think proper ; while we beg to remind the Shareholders that their

    Conference must consist of members who will have an equalihterest with all others in the success ofthe plan . Noprinciple can be sacrificed , no member of Conference , let him act as he may , can be suspected of any greater crime than ignorance of the subject , as each will be his own and his equal ' s representative . All members joining between this time and the 24 th day of November , which day we hereby appoint for the election of Delegates by Shareholders , must pay up the . levy in order to entitle themselves to a vote for a Delegate . _ _.-. .. Feargus O'Connor . . Philip M'Grath . Christopher Doyle . Thomas Clark . Thomas Mabtin "Wheeler , : •• ¦ .. Secretary .

    OPINION ON THE CHARTIST CO-OPERATIVE LAND SOCIETY . The object of this Society , though new in character is undoubtedly , legal ; . ..: It professes to give to the working man an interest in the soil of his country , by allotting to him , as a permanent property , a portion of the land on which he bestows his skill and labour . So _, far is this object from being illegal , that its attainment would be favourable to the maintenance of peace and order , the promotion of industry , and the diminution of crime . lam , nevertheless , of opinion that itis necessary

    ior me security ot the shareholders , and the full success of the plan , that the society should be duly enrolled under the Friendly and Building Societies Acts , 10 Geo .. IV . c . 50 , 4 and 5 W . IV . * c . 40 , and 6 and 7 W . IV . c . 32 . Independently of the advantages directly afforded by those Acts , this Society _lt-not enrolled , will come within tlic provisions of the recent statute relating to Joint Stock Companies , 7 and 8 Vict . c . 110 , whereby greater expense would be incurred , and more stringent regulations imposed . Among the benefits to be derived from enrolment the following may be enumerated : — '

    1 . ; The rules are binding , and may be legally enforced ., ' ° ' _^ Protection is given to members , their wives , and children , in enforcing their just claims , and against any fraudulent dissolution of the Society . 3 . Summary remedies are given for the _punish-™ _en _^^ aud committed with respect to the property 4 . Disputes may be finally settled by reference to arbitration . ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦

    5 . Documents are . exempt from Stamp duty . The rules , as placed before me , appear to havebeen drawn up with much care , and scarcely admit of material amendment . Ithinkthe election of occupiers w lot or ballot is open to some objection , which it mav be advisable ,-t hough not absolutely necessary , to avoid . . Such a mode of election would not probably be _^ infringement of : the statutes against gaming and lotteries , ( 8 Geo . I . c . 2 , and 12 Geo . II . ' c . 28 ) because each shareholder has a certain interest _avail-2 _ei _ _wlPen- _i anotuer - but yet > _^ seems to me that it might oppose some difficulties to the successful working of the plan . _TwquMsuggeot , as a preferable course , tw . « . __„

    _rLr ! ii u _^ t P ay _« P the full amount of tlieir w _! 1 _f i 1 _ibe * rst entitled t 0 tke allotments : have _alteredthe rules accordingly . The adoption of * this plan will be attended with many _advantages . I will prevent the _^ disappointment of those who draw Sm £ * _^ e e ey _H pected w , izes ea _<* shareholder will feel that it depends upon himself , and not upon chance merely , whether his occupation bc advanced or retarded in point of time ; greater exertions will be made for the early payment of d ££ and the accomplishment of the undertaking will thus r fJ s edll _ye ff . ' t _' * _-Th-erewill be _nodiffionltv i snouia

    _^^ suppose , in the purchasing of land whpn the funds are : once ; collected , and ? undSdiS management a-rapid progress may be anticipated If thoprionty of payment be adopted as the b £ of the priority of _aUotment , it will of course be Sees _savy-tp keep a ; minute _accoumWen to the > fraSn ofa day _and-hour-of the time when payment ?* made , and the decis on , it _anDears to mtr Vif _11 _J finally vested in the committ ? e _? ' sllould be . On the selection of the officers will depend murd _, if not al , of the success of the Societv 3 _! i , f 7 they _should of course be such Sons % h _^^ bers generally can place ZSS ' h _? 2 j X accounts and proceedings should be onen ?„ « _, „ _?« penalties should be imposed for a neglect OpduK

    . Famine. Howeveh Subtle, Shrewd, And In...

    misappropriation of the funds . By , section 3 of 10 Geo . IV . c . 56 , these * penalties should * be expressed ' ? tue rules , and I have therefore added a rule to that effect . ( See Rule lfi a . ) ? tion 33 , of ¦ the same Acfc * a fuU _skteai _& Kt of the funds , Ac , must be prepared at least once a fear , and every member is to be entitled to a copy ott paying a sum not exceeding sixpence . Thisclau 38 will be found in the addition which I have made to rule 7 . By section 10 the places of meeting must be specifaed in the rules ; and by section 27 the names of the arbitrators should be entered in the book in which the rules are entered . These sections are now provided for in rules 16 b and 21 . By section 33 of the same Act the auditors should be members of the Society . ( See Rule 10 . ) It does not appear to me that any other alterations are required .

    „ _, , _. . „ ¦ Henry Macnamaiu Temple , Oct . 28 , 1845 . , -

    Important Suggestion For The Pre.. Serva...

    IMPORTANT SUGGESTION FOR THE PRE . . SERVATION OF THE POTATOE CROP . Since our notice of the threatened famine was written , wc have gleaned more general information upon the awful visitation , all of whicli will be found in the following . sad and melancholy list of Ireland ' s lamentations . Much as we may sneer at the " STARCHY" recommendations of scientific gentlemen , who live upon the fat of the land , nevertheless we are bound to assist by all means in arresting the spread of contagion , and to that end we call particular attention . to the plan _rocommended by tha

    Rev . W . Le Poor Trench , Rector of Killerenan . He recommends that the potatoes now in ground should not be digged , but that they should have an additional covering of six inches of earth cast upon them . Now , this is a grain of wisdom in the sack of wild speculation , and is a plan wliich experience justifies . It is the custom , when potatoes are digged , to put them in a pit , and cover them over with dry straw , or ferns , then covering all over with a heavy coat of earth . In this state they will keep from the middle of November till March , or April , the shoots growing long but feebly-through the covering . When the pit

    is opened , the process of vegetation is found not to have damaged the potatoes from which shoots have grown ; to any material degree , indeed , not at all . We never heard a single complaint . If , however , those at present uncoritaminatcd arc pitted with the smallest portion of the infected , all will go , and the value of Mr . Trench ' s prescription over all those of the scientifics , is , that it will arrest the infection more effectually thrih any other plan yet recommended , while it will preserve the crop from the effects of frost . If this plan bo extensively adopted , thc following must , naturally , be the result .

    Those potatoes now infected will rot in the ground , and those that have escaped will give cheering notice of the fact by shooting above the covering in due time . This is the best and cheapest mode of carrying out tho packing system recommended by the Netherlands' Society . To this we add the follow _, ing notice : — "We would strongly recommend all who have straw or old hay , or dry ferns , or , what i 3 still better , peat , to cover up their potatoes yet undigged , and allow them to await the process of vegetation , which will prove their soundness , while they will bo effectually protected against frost . "

    ' The "Leeds. Times" And The \ " Norther...

    ' THE "LEEDS . TIMES" AND THE \ " NORTHERN STAR . " To Mr , M' Goivan , Printer , IG , Great Windmill street Sir , —I heg to callyour attention to the enclosed paragraph , which appeared in the Leeds Times newspaper of the 18 th of October , and to request an explanation of . the statement from you . I . am aware that it is going a great length with a tradesman with whose arrangements . I have no right to interfere , further than as regards . the proper execution and timely printing of the Northern Star ; but , at the

    same time , I feel assured that your knowledge of my position with the _working classes , as well as my fixed opinion upon the rights of labour , will induce you to set me right with the public ; while , at the same time , after an extensive connexion of ten years , as employer and employed , I crave your unbiassed opinion of my character as " regards an employer . Again _expressing regret that I should be so far forced to infringe upon your domestic concerns , . ' .-. _* ' I remain , sir , "'"¦' Your obedient servant , . Feargus O'Connor .

    The "People ' s Papeh !"—The Northern Star , wlueh was established to uphold the rights of labour , has lately adopted rather queer methods of illustrating its sympathy with the classes whose " rights" it advocates . Though declaiming against machinery as the enemy of the working classes , the Northern Stab did not hesitate to establish a __ steam press to print its weekly impression—dispensing with pressmen , and all hand labour that could be dispensed with . This , of course , we do not complain of , as we print our own paper by machinery , and could not priut the number _requirtf _^ " without . it . . But then , we do not keep iip the circulation of _* our paper among the working classes by running down machinery . The Stab has been

    in the practice of denouncing . all mill-masters , manufacturers , and other employers , who dispensed with the labour of _mbn , and hired in their stead _bovs and womek . No terms were too bad to be applied to such " oppressors " of the labouring classes . Will it be believed , that tbe Northern Stab is now got up almost exclusively by rots ' labour , and that all thc men , with one exception ( and he cannot be done without , ) have been discharged from the office ? And / meanwhile , the Stab continues to preach up sympathy with the labouring poor , and to denounce those masters as " vampires , " & c , whose example it is so ready to follow , when a prospect of greater profit presents itself .

    '• .: _; - : 1 . 6 _j * . Great Windmillrstreet , _- Oct . 30 th , 1835 . . Sir , —I have read the paragraph '; in the Leeds , Times respecting the mode ' in which the printing of the Northern Star Is ,. managed , and , in accordance with your wish , I make-the undermentioned- statement in contradiction of that paragraph . The editor of , the _" ' 'Leeds Times , in allowing himselfto minister to the malice of some unprincipled " and dishonest workmen , arid in liis eagerness to damage a publication of " opposite politics , bas inserted in his paper a tissue of falsehoods ;

    It is untrue that the- Northern Star is . now , or has at any time been , printed exclusively , or nearly exclusively , by apprentices : itis untruo that there is only one journeyman employed upon it ; and it is untrue that any journeyman has been discharged from the companionship . - •' Not only are these assertions untrue , but the contrary is so notorious to any one acquainted with the office , that the informant of the Leeds Times must have been perpetrating a wilful falsehood in making the communication which the editor has printed .

    Since tho Northern Star has been printed by me I have paid in wages to the compositors £ 82113 s . 5 ( 1 . ; of wliich sum _£ 534 2 s . 9 | d . has been paid to compositors receiving the full amount of their earnings , and £ 28 _^ 10 s . 7 i < L has . been paid to the apprentices . There are at this moment eight persons on the companionship who receive the full wages , and those wages are calculated by the scalo recognised ( indeed enforced ) by tho men themselves : and of these eight , I believe five belong to a society in London , whose members make it a special part of their business to keep the closest watch upon the movements of the employers .

    Soraejourneymen have lately left my employment , but have left of- their own accord ; they have left me in the expectation of benefitting themselves by taking situations on the railway papers now starting up ia such abundance on all sides . * Touching the question of apprentices generally , I do not believe there arc more in this office than are to be found in most : London houses ; and , leaving the star companionship out of the calculation , _IklWffOf no office where there are so few .

    _^ In giving this pointed contradiction to the asser tions of thc editor of the Leeds Times ( a contradictiou that can be confirmed by any one either now or heretofore in my employment ) , I hope it will be so far satisfactory to you , as to release me from any future necessity of occupying the columns of the Star by a detail of my private business . I make this statement for your satisfaction , and in opposition to my owh ' inclinations , I do not recog nise the right of any customer of mine to call mc to account for the manner in which the domestic economy of my office is conducted . Imanage ray business f

• Citation
  • Northern Star (1837-1852), Nov. 1, 1845, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_01111845/page/4/