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Northern Star (1837-1852), 1st September 1849, Edition 3 of 3, Page 1

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    • TI THE ELECTORS AND NONI [£< SECTORS OF NOTTINGHAM, j
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      Ti The Electors And Noni [£≪ Sectors Of Nottingham, J

      TI THE ELECTORS AND _NONI [ £ < _SECTORS OF NOTTINGHAM , j

      Fi Fbiesds, Iu Ir Xe-Dectioii Of Me As Y...

      Fi Fbiesds , iu ir _xe-dectioii of me as your repreiveive . gives me great pleasure , not in in _cottsequence of your declaration fid < fidence in me , than from the fact that it ! rov rove to our opponents , that under the pit pies of the People ' s Charter , no honest sen _scntative need dread opposition , and 111 think , the _to _\* m of Nottingham affords _ios lost conclusive re & _tation of the absurd

      fcio : tion , that Annual Parliaments wonldlead nu nual confusion . The chief value that I h _, h _, then , to your renewal of confidence , 5 s _ste sterling stamp that it puts upon your ap spies .,. - . y _] _y _Fri _<* _-nds / the " _Thies" of Tuesdaychajri irises the proceedings thus : — _UB _UH . FsiBC * Js _O'COSKOK , M . V " ., Df _SoTmOBiAl . i 511 Monday , at twelve o ' clock at noon , a knot of ctis -lists , accompanied -with , a small band of music ha ! Wf-a-dozen green -Sags , met Mr . O'Connor , * r irrivedby the London train , atthe _Nottingham Jn Jn , and in half-an-hour the whole took their

      on on m and around a -waggon , -which served as aj -aporary hustings . Mr . George Harrison took ck chair as the returning officer , and Mr . O'Connor gj gnoniinated and seconded as a fit and proper h . m to _represent the town of Kottinghan in _ist '•¦¦ inent , a show of hands was taken , which was sr . sr . in hii . favour as to induce the _chan-man to [ a-v Lire tha ' t Mr . O'Connor was duly elected . The * 1 _**|* 1 _**| returned -member returned thanks for the oi * . oar conferred upon him , and though compara-• W -W he delivered but a brief speech , vet he did

      ft fa-get to commend himself to his constituents i _s i sterling patriot , a man of pure and _irrep-roach c i c character , and , in short , far surpassing for li _liaad honourable motives every representative be berfo sent to parliament by the electors of the _ramS _" . _ITotangham . A vote of thanks being . _s- - _* . _s- > i . to tbe chairman , who was ludicrously _ic-icd _^ the mayor on account of filling the pjst of uiuning officer in this contemptible farce , the et cii _*^ after a few cheers broke np . Ths pro- ' d * "disss did not occupy more than fortv minutes . "

      LLet me now ask whether , when another i _*' i _* e ** al election takes place for Nottingham ,

      ••• _iaelied to thc poor ; and the organ ofhis :. ; : _« n -lould not have forgotten , that Parson _IiIti-t'IEXS , the representative-of that son , in I _' _ul-. stood upon a "waggon in the self-same ii am kit-place , to advocate the cause ofthe preeentnanagerofthe " Times * and that then lih' _-iwcet voicesof the non-electors were sought co be enlisted as the pressure to operate npon lhe electors , and then they were not desigliint' _-dasa "knot of Chartists ; " while a very ; mi-. _i ! 1 knot of Chartists routed , put to flight lh _<* iaashs and the Llack sheep , and took posti _icssic'a of their fortress .

      My Friends , perhaps there is' no greater ' urio-it y in representation than Nottingham now _presents . It has two representatives ; i'iho one the manager of the most corrupt and [ _art-fixate paper in Europe — nay , in the _ssvorld—and the other , the proprietor of a [ paper , which neither reward nor punishment , ¦ slander no ** persecution , could divert from the ¦ ad vocacy of your principles ; and should we ¦ again appeal' upon the hustings as candidates Ifor y

      My Mends , in every other city , town , or boroui , hin fhe kingdom the representative has _thesuiport ofa portion ofthe Press , and , in faci , iii _isithat support which returns him ; while n » t a single Nottingham newspaper has done oikervrise than abuse me . The * - ** Times '' ielh y 43 , that without putting the question both ways , the chairman declared me reelected * ; while I tell you , and you know , that the _rescintion of confidence in me was read hy the ' _-nposer , was read hy the seconder , and read a third time hy the chairman ; and that thc * churman , iu a loud tone , did put the question b _» th ways , and not one single hand was iiel . l up against my re-election . And this is what ue " Times " would shroud in the

      darklies- ? ii . ' a _presumsdmajority ; and this is what I develope as my greatest boast . I trust that the "Times" will never praise me , f-r then I shall hegin to suspect myself . Ha * _-- "t _Buoutf ham has been the target for the pap r pellets of that marksman for several year . _% while , on Thursday last , he is paraded iii t ! i- ' _.-oliimns of tlie " Times " as the Lord oi Lords—as the great Law-lord , _wliD has propo _=- 1 more vital and important changes than

      • my man that ever went before him ; while every one of those propositions was treated hy Ihe "Times" as ludicrous , ridiculous , ami Ct'jpian . Bo much for the " Times '" consisbcney ; and if _sl-i-dting . Harry casts his eye _jver the article , lie will consider it as the most censorious critique published hy that journal ; as vou may rely upon it that it is not in thc habit of eulogising anything that is beneficial to the poor .

      3 * _Ili- _* -tors and nnn-elcctors of Nottingham , I fliank you for thc renewal of your confidence , and asl fairly represent you ia the Ilouse of Commons , allow mc now to represent to you ivhai _.-. j ustitutes your greatest difficulty , and your direst enemy : it is — DISUNION . Ami while I shall not attempt to cast thc slig lit . it censure or reflection upon any party that may he opposed to me in your town , let me implore of you , in the name of justice and comini . n sense , to hury forever in oblivion those hair-breadth differences that constitute your _uvakuess and the strength of yonr

      enemies . Cast them aside for ever . Unite for one common object , and let those who have -never thought before , think now , when they look on the pallid faces and emaciated frames © _ftik-ir own order , and reflect that both are the consequence of their own disunion , as they inay rely upon it . that where the working class mind is united , the profit-mongering power must bend before it , and yield to it . And let me , above all things , implore of you not to make confidence in me , or want of confidence in me , the hone of contention ; throw _persbnality overboard , and direct your mind « ole % to principle , and let that principle he

      the fell , free , and fair representation of the _vhole people in the Commons House of Parliament ; and then my feelings will not hc _jjttrfcjhy presenting myself hefore a weak , pallid , emaciated , industrious constituency ; _gfi i if you really wish well to your fellow men , _gjjd however hoth your political and social _f 3 _usa may hc damaged hy my advocacy , do _^ on I keep your minds sternly fixed npon _^• j 0 St _*» : two great principles , hy which _£ oV _& the condition of your order can _j _£ improved , the whole people made _jj-ippj , England at peace through _con-^ . fltnjent , and the arhitress of the world

      _jjjj-ong b the power of a united _people—peace-^ j , "Because contented ; happy , because _faith-^ y lrepresented ; legal , because equally _profl-cifiu > " _^ d hrave , because equally interested -jj tha preservation of property : and those two _j _^ _iucroles are—the equitable distribution of hiellAND , and its equitable representation [ L the _TEOVLE'S CHARTER . Thc ' _rharfer as the means , and the land as the 1 ad ; _lf ° _J ty u _I •*• - > _^ _* artificial humbugs I _^ i _* i alwaTS convert au artificial system to their _\ _ru ¦ tbeuefit ; while the fair developc-C , eavpf man ' s natural resources would result ., national , instead of class profit , which can K ' he achieved through NATIONAL _REPRESENTATIO N . . Your faithful Friend and Representative , Feargus _O'Coxxok .

      A<V M J Thankful He Is One Of Mr. O'Conn...

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      Ff ' / /^9^/ ' J ¦ ¦ ' '.... I J* (K.- \...

      ________________ K < _f , ' ¦ i ' ¦ J AND NATIONAL TRADES' JOURNAL . _^^^^~—r _^^^ _r _*^ T _^^^ m _^ l _^ T _mm _^ _mmmm _^^ _^*' _ma _^ tma _^ _^' ammm ' _^ _' _^ _^ _rnMni- * imnmi ¦¦ ¦ - — _

      L-Jilly!** Lohbon,, Saturday, Septebber ...

      _l-JILLy _!** LOHBON _,, SATURDAY , SEPTEBBER j , _U % _^ . _Jag _. _V

      To The Working- Classes. Mr Feiends,— If...

      TO THE WORKING- CLASSES . Mr Feiends , — If ever there was an eventful period in England ' s history it is now . . She was formerly the empress of the world , she is now the footstool of despots . Far he it from me , who have been the butt of slander myself , to offer an ungenerous comment upon those whose acts may he as faithlessl y represented and as blackly painted as my own . I am not going to offer any opinion as to the truth or falsehood of _Gecrgey , the Hungarian General , having surrendered himself andhis Hungarian soldiers

      to the "Northern Bear . " The Presstells you thai he has done so unconditionally , and that his reward is to he the commission of General ia the Russian army . No matter what the condition upon which he surrendered may be , it must result in a confederation between Russia , Austria , a great portion ofthe German States and France , for the overthrow of democraticandrepublican principles , in thehope of once more establishing the league of despots against the league of people . Both Austria

      and Russia dreaded the power of republican France , and France not only rejoice _^* h * ii * hut aided in , the overthrow of the Italian republic . The Special Constable is about to he wedded to the relative of a LEGITIMATE MONARCH , and the terms npon which that marriage ceremony will he performed will be , the restoration of monarchy in France , and the proclamation of Napoleox the Second , as Emperor . Every act of his , in connexion or iu correspondence with foreign potentates , as well as his violation of the Constitution wliich

      he was bound to maintain , establishes this belief in my mind , and must lead to thc same conviction in yours . I did uot wait for recent eventsto convince me ofthe result ; I published my opinions—perhaps presumptuously , when he was elected President . I published the Land Scheme , which hc propounded when as a fugitive lie was catering for the support of the agricultural mind of France , and I stated that if , as the head of a nation , he carried his principles into practice , he would be one ofthe first rulers in the world . . But mark , " that I have laid great . _ stvess upon the great truth that tliere is a difference between men seeking power , and men exercising power . Power is recruited under thc " cry" of "PEACE ,

      RETRENCHMENT , AND REFORM ;" "CIVIL AND RELIGIOUS LIBERTY ;" " HIGH AVAGES , CHEAP BREAD , AND PLENTY TO DO . " They are fascinating cries , but those on whose behalf the cry is raised , find themselves lamentably disappointed , when it has achieved power for those who promised to carry it out . Then the first object of the possessors of power is to crush the voice of those who created it . They are aware of the strength it must have possessed to create it , and they dread lest they may destroy it . So it was during the Reform

      agitation with the _Melboujjxe administration , when Tom Youn , ofthe Home-office , was the recruiting sergeant of the Government , and the result was , the suppression of Trades' Unions , and the transportation of the Dorchester labourers , when power was transferred from Tory to Whig . And now , the great opposition that you have to apprehend and to dread , is the disunion of your own party . Those _continentaJ-rnay , European— - revolutions that have so long convulsed" the world , will now cause a change that you are little prepared for . As I have frequently told you , Eng lish rule and Government has for centuries been managed hy foreign , rather than hy domestic , policy . England , during

      the times of war—when shehadamouopoly of tho trade of the world , when she commanded the ports ofthe world , and when the shedding of human blood abroad constituted her MARKET NOTE—preserved domestic peace hy domestic contentment , aud levied taxes by tbe standard cf domestic fear . Thc cry of "KEEP BONEY OUT , " frightened the squires out of their wits ; they cheerfully submitted to any amount of taxation to save their land from the foreign invader ; while thc poor who were employed—aud most of them were sn received good wages , and those who were not _employed by individual masters , were provided with materials at home , instead of being _consigned to the tender mercies of a POORLAW BASTILE .

      Now tho landlords arc paying for their loyalty , and the people are paying for their ignorance . But , thank G ' , a change lias come o ' er thc spirit of the dream of hoth serf and lord ; the serf has gained wisdom from experience , and the lord has discovered that he is now paying a perpetual and enormous tax for his then enthusiastic loyalty . Working men ! " To be forewarned is to he forearmed . " Thirty-four years ago , THE NAPOLEON—not thc Special Co _* sstaule —told you that iu fifty years Europe would be a Republic or Cossack . And can a man , with common understanding , doubt that the

      chains of Turkey and of Poland , will now he more closely rivetted ; and that the NORTHERN BEAST will seek vengeance for the English sympathy expressed for the Poles and Hungarians ? Aud can any man of common sense entertain the shadow of a , doubt , that the sterling mind and action of John Bull is the only force that the English Government can oppose to that fraternisation of despotic monarchs which is now about to take place ? while the attempt to uphold the present evil system of Government , would so paralyse the state as to make her an easy prey to her invaders .

      Well , then , as this country has ever been governed by foreign policy , let our rulers glean -wisdom from what is passiug around them . Let them unite , and weld the English labour-mind by doing justice to the labourer , and then they may defy the world in arms . I have shown you thatthe * "EussianBear " eutertains strong feelings of prejudice and hostility against England , while you may rest assured that the French people never have forgottenand never will forget—Waterloo—the murder of Marshal Ney— -and the cruel tyranny practised on their Emperor under the English jailor , Sir Hudson Lowe .

      Well , then , Englishmen , as the best way to preserve peace is to be prepared for war , let the English people develope their power and their resolution , and show to the league of Kings that the English people are resolved to be no longer slaves . It is what the " Times " may call" a contemptible farce , " to read such au appeal from Lords and Members of Parliament to Lord John Russell , upon behalf of the Hungarians , which I extract from the '' Times " of Thursday . Here it is : —

      HUNGARY AXD AUSTRIA . The following memorial , drawn up by Lord Fitzwilltam , was in course of signature when the late disastrous intelligence arrived from Hungary , * it would , probably , otherwise—in addition to the names of those with whom it originated—have had appended to it the sis-natures of niany other Peers and Members of Parliament : — * ' To the Lord John Russell , First Commissioner of the Treasury and the Viscount Palmerston , Principal Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs . " The undersigned ( being Peers or Members of the House of Commons ) desire to express to your lordships , and through your lordships to the rest of her Majesty ' s confidential servants , tbe deep inte-

      To The Working- Classes. Mr Feiends,— If...

      rest which tbey take in the contest whieh is now carried on between the Hungarian nation and the Emperor of Austria . It is their anxious wish to see this contest speedily _terminnted , in tbe manner which they conceive most conducive to the interests ofthe Austrian empire , viz ., by the recognition of tbejast demands of Hungary , the most _lo _^ _ortant of the hereditary 'dominions of the 'house of Hapsburg . " . The undersigned aro of opinion , that it is both the interest and tbe duty of England to contribute , by every legitimate . means , to the tranquillity of Hungary . They are of opinion , however , tMt this object , so desirable , ** aftnot be obtained , so * as to ensure its permanence , , ahless the terms upon 'which

      it is accomplished _bejgonsistent with the ancient _laWs and constitution of the country . "While so many of tfieaiations of Europe have engaged in revolutionary _^ iiovemonts , and havo embarked in schemes of _doubfiui w _*» licy , and of still more doubtful success , it _iS _^^ Uy higto the undersigned to be able to assure _yotsjordsbipg , that the Hungarians demand nothing but the recognition of ancient rights , 3 Dd the stability and integrity of their ancient constitution . Te your lordships it cannot be unknown , tbat that constitution bears a striking resemblance to that of our own country .

      King , Lords , and Commons areas vital parts of the Hungarian as ofthe British Constitution . So far , therefore , from the undersigned being animated b y a revolutionary spirit , or _bejng actuated by . prhun , pics inconsistent" _* ith rcgutargovernment , and with the established order of things , tliey beg to assure your lordships , that it is with the view of maintaining regular government , and of perpetuating institutions which , though occasionally modified , have had an unbroken series of existence since the foundation of the Hungarian monarchy , that they venture to invoke the interference of the British government .

      " They have witnessed with great alarm thc application of the Austrian government for thc assistance of Russia . They conceive that this assistance will not be granted upon terms consistent with the integrity of the existing dominions of the house of Austria ; their alarm , however , is not confined to the apprehension that some encroachments may be made upon the present boundary between the two empires . They apprehend that a powerful intervention on thc part of Russia , a state in which tho existence of a constitution is not acknowledged , cannot be effected without danger to the free institutions of the country in which it is invited to interfere . They conceive that the military occupation

      of Hungary by Russia must be necessarily subversive ( for the time ) of all . regular government , and they know not what terms affecting the internal condition of the country may be ultimately imposed by a power , whose intervention has been invited for the express purpose of controlling a people whicli is struggling" for the preservation of long-established and undisputed rights . The undersigned conceive that the essential character of Russian intervention must be to disregard ri g hts wliich the spirit of the government of that empire docs not recognise ; and that , if effectual , the intervention must lead to tho subversion of the ancient constitution of Hungary , must destroy her prosperity , and endanger the security of states in whose welfare and _independence England is deenlv interested .

      " It is to avoid tbis fatal result that the undersigned feel impelled io intreat her Majesty ' s government to use such means as shall seom to them the most effectual for producing a reconciliation between the Emperor of Austria and the people of Hungary , on tbe basis of those rights wliich the Hungarians have never ceased to demand , and the firmest attachment- to which has hitherto been found not only to be compatible with , but to promote , the most fervent loyalty to the house of Hapsburg , and has enabled them to render such services in the hour of danger as could never have emanated from the spirit ofa subdued or servile people . " ( _SignedJ- _^ _Fit-zwilliam , Northampton , Zetland , Beaumont , Kinnaird , _Nugent , R . M . Milnes , F . Mowatt , J . A . Smith , II . Salwey , B . M . Willow , W . Pinney , J . Townshend . "

      Now , then , here is the recognition of the memorialists of the right ofthe Hungarians to all the privileges of their Constitution , while , —with the exception ofthe brave and philanthropic Lord Nugent—every man who has attached his name to the above memorial , hoth in the Lords and Commons , nightly violates the English Constitution , and refuses to the English people those rights and privileges which the English Constitution guarantees . Well , does not this prove to you the difference between men seeking power and men exercising power ; and does it not prove to you that mock philanthropists cau express their sympathy in cases wherein they have no possible interest , while they withhold that sympathy where they have an interest , and may exercise a powerful influence ?

      My fond aspiration was , that thc brave Hungarians niight erect a pyramid of Cossacks , and cap it with tho _Czah ; while I felt somewhat nettled , as an Irishman , that not a single word of English sympathy was expressed in public meetings for nearly a million of Irishmen who were starved to death in a fertile land , within three vears . The ¦ » * pious forget the diflcrence between the soldier who falls in hattle , and the man who is stricken down by famine ; they forget the Bible , which tells them that " They who die by the sword arc better than they who perish from hunger , for their bodies pine away stricken through fcr want of thc fruits of the field . "

      You , Labourers , are aware that I cannot address you every day ; and therefore I am obliged to make my appeals rather discursive , yet all bearing upon the question of Labour . You are aware that 1 have , over and over again , shown you Irish difficulties and Ireland's capabilities . I have shown you that there is capability of soil * and ability to cultivate it , and that gratitude would be the repayment of those who developed the principle ; while I have shown you , also , that the want of such practice has been the cause of your Lahour market being glutted ; while I have proved to the English manufacturers that Ireland , if fairly governed , would constitute one of their best markets . Well , now read the following from the "Morning Chronicle" of Wednesday last : —

      " There are in the midst ofthe wilderness of the West and its suffering and neglected population , several English settlers , some actuated by legitimate enterprise , others by thc purest benevolence . Amongst thc latter is an English merchant , Mr . Ellis , a member of tho Society of Friends 1 believe , who , after securing a competence in trade , determined to make his home in the west of Ireland , and assist the peasantry by his experience in agriculture and the benefits of his personal outlay

      and example as a farmer on a large scale . Air . Ellis has in cultivation a farm of fifteen hundred acres , and tho result of bis residence and intimate acquaintance with the peasantry , is the conviction on bis mind that the people as well as the soil have been most sadly neglected , nnd that there is no better field for the exertions of the capitalist or the philanthropist . Mr . Ellis has an extensive farm , and he requires no police for the protection of his property , even iu thc midst of severe privation amongst the peasantry . "

      Now , bear in mind that this is a picture of what may be done in the WESTERN WILDERNESS—the wilds of Connaught—and see the result produced by this excellent gentleman ; aud never lose sight of thc fulfilment of one of the DEVIL'S PROPHECIES , for how often have I told you that , under a well-regulated system , you would not require a single soldier or a single policeman in Irelaud , or in England either ; nor would that enmity , consequent upon Irish paupers reducing English wages , exist .

      I have told you , in the commencement , that you aro your own greatest enemies j and my strongest desire is to destroy that enmity , by proving to all that the working classes have the strongest interest in union , and that nothing hut union can or will relieve their order from the oppression and injustice of the privileged classes . AVe have a great many lip-philanthropists—cowards who would sacrifice their lives for the cause and , however

      To The Working- Classes. Mr Feiends,— If...

      distasteful Jt may he , I will illustrate the present mind of Labour , as it regards selfinterest _^ _Iwitfpi-eaumethatthefe are twenty bf _atrade , iiiatownor village—all professing tlie principles of Chartism , ; and I wilt _suppose that thero are Whig , Tory , and Chartist employers . The Chartist employer comes to the twenty workmen on Friday-evening , , and says : — "I will give yoa 100 / . to complete such an order , and I will give 20 * . towards the relief . of the Chartist victims , audi will , give you till Monday to decide . " , The . . Whi loyer

      g emp comes on Saturday , and offers ' 110 / . for the same order . When he is _fcone , the Tory employer comes and offers . 1201 . Now , I am not going to make an . observation ; but , answer yourselves , which of the orders would the twenty Chartists accept ? Well , if they accepted the Tory order , I should not blame them , but "I should blame the system , and I would destroy the vice b y destroying the svstem—by giving to every man " the' full benefit and full value of his Own labour , and not allowing different profit-mongers to he able to offer AQls or-.. 20 j _|* _i _* 5 he . _ . one .., mora than the

      other—whilethe highest bidder would still make a profit upon the highest price . The twenty Chartists , if they did accept tho Tory bid , would say : " A man , or twenty men , cannot do a nation ' s work , and wo have no right to be expected to do more than others professing our principles , " while , by the Chartists' principle , as regards tho support of their cause , the maxim is : " What ' s every one ' s

      work is nobody ' s work . " Now , working men , that is a definition not of your character or of your feelings , but of the system which establishes the character and dovolopcs the feelings . Havo you thought of this ono " GREAT FACT '—upon the factthatthcQuEEX and thc Royal family , noble placemen , aud pensioners , aud a great portion ofthe aristocracy , live upon drunkenness , debauchery ,

      prostitution , immorality , and dissipation of thc most revolting nature' { and are you aware that if your order abandoned those vice 3 for three months , that the power of Grbvevnment and the defiance of foreign despots would be placed in your hands . Here , again , we have the maxim , that "What ' s every man ' s business is nobody ' s business ; " but when a largo majority discovers the fact , that by their dissipation and immorality a small minority governs them , they will see the error of then . ' ways .

      Working men , I have now given you my opinion as to the probable result of foreign revolutions , and I have told you , times out of mind , that the working classes have always been the greatest sufferers from physical revolution , which merely transfers power from tho hands of ono party to those of another ; the first object of the conquering party being to destroy the force that created its power : while the effect of a mental revolution is a transfer

      of power from thc weak , the idle , and the impotent , to the strong-minded , the industrious , andthe intellectual . You are now . the best instructed people in Europe , as regards politics , and their application to the profitable developement of the national resources to national instead of to class purposes ; and if by apathy , by treachery , or folly , that opportunity Bhould be snatched from you , blame yourselves , and not ¦ Your faithful and uncompromising Friend , Feargus O'Connor .

      To The Members Of The Land Company. I Re...

      TO THE MEMBERS OF THE LAND COMPANY . I really receive so mauy letters from parties wishing to withdraw tho money tliat they havo invested in thc Land Company , and all requiring au immediate answer by return of post , that it would be impossible for mc or any other man to comply with thc numerous applications , while I give the following as my general answer to all ; it is this : — In November , when term commences , if the Queen ' s Bench refuses to legalise tho Laaul Company , I will appl y to Parliament for a _speciiie Act of Parliament to legalise it

      according to the recommendation of the Committee , or for power to wind it up . Should that bo refused , then the dissatisfied members will receive their money from the Directors , not in , tho proportion that Mr . _Gi'brixs received his , wliich was £ 2 Os . 9 d . ibr £ 0 Os ,, but will receive 20 s . for every pound they have paid . Again I state , that if Mr . llor . Eiixs had not admitted my handwriting to _Gunrnxs ' s scrip at Northampton , he would not have got a fraction ; whereas my writing is not upon one single certificate that has been issued .

      I rejoice to say that I have only been threatened with two other actions out of the vast number of poor people whose money I would be most happy to repay out of my own funds , were they not already exhausted in the Land Company ; and , as I have often told the subscribers , if I coukl divide a house , or a fouracre allotment into £ 5 4 s ., £ 3 15 s ., or £ 2 10 s ., I would be most happy to pay all off : hut I do trust that tho dissatisfied will no longer allow themselves to be the dupes and the tools of my enemies . Feargus O'Connor .

      " —-********¦*—-¦ Purchase Of The Mathon...

      " — - _********¦*— _- ¦ PURCHASE OF THE MATHON ESTATE . Within the present month , the purchase of the Mathon Estate must bo concluded . I have now received , somewhat over 1 _, 000 Z ., representing 5 , 5501 . when paid in full ; and I do trust that this valley of England will not be allowed to pass out oftho hands oftho working classes . I , as you are aware , have not the slightest interest in it , beyond trouble and the welfare of the purchasers . I wish to show what may be made by purchasing land in the wholesale , and selling it at the wholesale price in the retail market ; the question of the Land when cultivated in small allotments , being the question which will shortl y occupy the mind

      of Europe ; while all should understand that I still contmue to receive oilers of 161 . a year , with a year ' s rent in advance , for land at Mathon that will cost 1201 ., therefore , there i is no such security to those who require interest for their money , and no such impetus to industry . If a sufficient amount does not come into complete the purchase , every man who has deposited his money to purchase any portion , shall receive 20 s . for every pound ho has paid , and the benefit that this new purchase would confer upon me , will be the loss of 500 / . that I paid as a deposit—tho mode in which I juggle my dupes , or , rather , tho mode in whicli I am juggled in my own confidence . Feargus O'Connor .

      Tuk Public Libraries Of The United State...

      Tuk Public Libraries of the United States . — The aggregate number of volumes in the public libraries of the United States is about 1 , 294 , 000 , distributed among 1 S 2 libraries . Forty-three of these libraries contain over 10 , 000 volumes each ; nine over 20 , 000 each , and only two over 50 , 000 . The library of Harvavd University , the largest on the other side of the Atlantic , contains , together with the libraries of thc law and divinity schools , upwards of 70 , 000 volumes .

      To The Members Of The Late Chartist Cont...

      TO THE MEMBERS OF THE LATE CHARTIST _CONTENTION ASD ASSEMBLY , WHO MET AT THE HALL , JOHN-STREET , TOTTENHAM-COURT _RO-AD ; AND TO ALL

      _*' . WHO DARE CALL THEMSELVES _CHARTISTS , AND _^ HO REALLY A llE SUCH . Brothers and Sisters , \ Nothing but the most urgent necessity _—nothing but that which drags our honour as _apikty , and , i . ur good intentions as humane being ' s , into question , would induce me to address you at this time ; but I ,, who was one among you , and who feel as strongly as ever the riecessity to hold on , aud to assist by every means in our power the cause of struggling labour—the cause of right against mightam called upon to remind , you , that the Printer who gave publicity to our cause should bo , and I trust will bo ,, paid ; and , iconsidering that it would amount to but a triilo

      for each locality , I feel that it is only necessary to apprise our friends of tho fact , in order that arrangements may be made for the bill to be speedily paid . My Friends , let the enemies of the -workin a millions say what they please , " but we will not merit their censure ; no , my Brothers and Sisters , they have succeeded , by tho vilest means , to cast odium on our causo ; but tliey never ought to have the power to say that tlio Chartists—as a body—arc too dishonest to pay thoir just debts—to pay tlie Printer for giving publicity to their proceedings . No , 110 ; I canuot think that . Mr . _M'Go"Wan lias sent to me , as being one of your members , a bill for Printing ; it is as follows : —

      Amount due from National Convention , £ 20 0 3 Ditto National Assembly , . 22 7 I I hope my friends will do their best in their several localities , and then wo shall soon wipe off this disgrace to our still good cause . I am , Brothers aud Sisters , respectfully yours , H . Child . 15 , Princes-street , _Fitzroy-snuaro .

      To The Chartist Body. Fiuexds,—It Is Our...

      TO THE CHARTIST BODY . Fiuexds , —It is our duty to call your attention to a matter deeply affecting the character of each of us , and to which we are hound , by every sense of honomaml justice to make an immediate and suitable acknowledgment . As you are all well aware , during the sittings of the National Convention , and National Assembly , several addresses and other documents were prepared and ordered to be printed by these two bodies , and Mr . M'Gowan , the gentleman to whom they were sent , printed them all without hesitation or reserve , thereby rendering an

      important service to the cause , and also risking the legal responsibilities of his conduct . Mr . M'Gowan , was in nowise , connected with the movement , bnt as a printer , velyinr npon the integrity of the Convention and Assembly , he executed their commands , and to their entire satisfaction . Tlie exchequer of hoth these bodies was low , and , consequently , thc debts contracted with Mr . M'Gowan , amounting for the Convention , to £ 20 _fls . 3 d ., and for the Assembly , to £ 22 7 s . 4 d ., were undischarged . These debts were contracted by the representatives in the name of their several constituencies , and the constituencies are bound to provide the means for their discharge .

      After tho most exemplary patience and forbearance , Mr . M'Gowan is now requiring the settlement ofhis accounts , and therefore we earnestly call upon all those concerned , to transmit to us , each one his share of the above liabilities . To the members of the Convention and Assembly , _espeaially , we address oucselves ' iipon thc question , as thoy are not only morally but legally responsible for thc transactions of the bodies to which they belonged . Wo feci assured , however , that the creditor will not hc put to the disagreeable trouble of Jaw proceedings for the recovery of his rightful dues from the representatives ofthe Chartist body , and that no such stain as that of defrauding an honourable creditor , by neglecting to satisfy his legitimate demand , will bc allowed to rest upon the hitherto unsullied escutcheon of the British democracy .

      \\ c have to repiest that these remarks will be read at the . several meetings of the Chartist body throughout the country , and that whore _ovuanisa ' - tions ilo not exist , thatthe Chartists will individually send tlieir subscriptions towards defraying the bill of their own printer . Persons may semi any sum , however small , in _postage stamps to this oiiioc , and the whole of thc receipts will be duly acknowledged in thc Nurthrrn St-ti : Let no one he deterred from sending because his mite may be small . The honour of nil is _" at stake , and nothing is more true than the good old Scottish maxim " Everv little makes a ¦ miclilc . "

      1 iiomasCi . au '" ., * \ VlM , UM Dixon , Philip _WGuatii . 141 , High Holborn , August 30 th , 1819 .

      To Feargus O'Connor, Esq., Ji.P. H0n*0ur...

      TO FEARGUS O'CONNOR , ESQ ., JI . P . _H 0 _N _* 0 URF . D AXD _Rl'SVECTKI * Sill , —It Was With 110 ordinary feeling that I lately observed iu the papers your determination to quit the arena of public life . "When 1 take a retrospect of your life for the last ten or twelve years , and consider the great exertions and pecuniary sacrifices you have made , and also the imprisonment you underwent , all to enlighten and meliorate the workin **; classes , and what has been your recompense ? You have been calumniated and abused for all your pains , llcally I wonder not at your resolution to leave them to their impotence . Surely such contrariety of action on thc part of those you were trying to benefit must be capable of explanation . Such ingratitude must be thc result of thc grossest ignorance , or ofa complete difference of opinion regarding the means you propose

      to better them . I have as good an opinion ot thc workin-j classes in this country as you apparently have , and I cannot help thinking that " Truth " must be in the majority of their minds " that no form of government whatever , in a competitive system of society , will ever meliorate the condition of those that produce . *! This truth has lately been demonstrated in France , but , indeed , it can easily be demonstrated by the history of all nations of wliich wc have a record . Unfortunately for mankind " competition" has been the result of" civilisation , " with very few exceptions , and it is an undisputed fact , that in countries the most enlightened the greatest disparity of classes is apparent ; our own country , fov instance , shows to the world affluence the most gorgeous and poverty thc most miserable .

      lour plan of small farms was admirable for the melioration of the producing millions of this country ; it was a step in thc right direction . Unquestionably , the task was Herculean to wile the mind off the old beaten path of ** Competency , " and sure 1 am , that no man in the British dominions is better or as well qualified as yourself to do this , if ordinary success had attended your great labours . But not only to bestow your valuable time and your money , but to sacrifice your great talents , for the one object of bettering those who could not better themselves , and get nothing but abuse , is rather more than human nature can hear , so it is not to he wondered

      at your resolving to leave them . However , you have the approval of your own mind , and , be assured , also of every enlightened mind that has observed your life for tlie last twelve years . Few , indeed , would have borne so much and so long as you have done , yet all who wish well to humanity will deeply deplore the day your resolution is carried into effect . Your character has been eminently a " precursor , " and you have nobly done your duty , and it ia sincerely hoped by the writer that you will not relinquish the field of politics till " you have seen ol the travail of your mind and been satisfied . " Yours , with all respect , Glasgow , Aug . 27 . IIomasicus .

      A Visit To Charterville. To Feanous O'Co...

      A VISIT TO CHARTERVILLE . TO FEAnOUS O ' _COXN'OR , ESQ ., M . r . On Saturday , the 10 th of August , I paid a second visit to my brother , and I was surprised with the improvement on thc estate . I think great credit is due to the allottees for their perseverance ; the crops are most promising , the wheat in particular ; the carrots are the best I saw in my journey from Wootton-imder-Edge , a distance of forty-five miles ; the mangels and potatoes are also looking well ; I found my brothel i . c t * best of spirits and ** * . 'ry

      A Visit To Charterville. To Feanous O'Co...

      j thankful he is one of Mr . O'Connor ' s dupes . I 1 visited Mr . "Willis ' s allotment , and found him and / his wife full of hope ; hc has a fine crop of wheat . j thankful he is one of Mr . O'Connor ' s dupes . I \ visited Mr . "Willis ' s allotment , and found him and li _,- _ „; _rn r .. ii „ n . ! . _ ' B _ . _ r _ . i a

      Mr . _Bathwny ' _s is very promising ; he has a good agricultural wife . I should like thc Leeds Mercury man to go there and see the gravelly land that , will not produce seed aud labour , and then , I think , hc would blush for shame . I think if the Directors will give them ( the allottees ) time to get their crops out , and not compel them to sell at a sacrifice , it will he all right , as , I think , all wish to pay the demands of the Company . Go on , noble Sire , and heed not the grumblers . I am glad to say there aro not many in this locality—there are a few selfish slaves . ' I sun , yours , Ac .,

      A paid-up Shareholder ot the first section , W . Besxett

      The Currency (Juestioji. To The Eoitob O...

      THE CURRENCY ( _JUESTIOJi . TO THE EOITOB OF TUE _NOUTHEKX STAR . Sin , —As we may confidently rely upon a change in the government of this country in . a much shorter space of timo than present appearances would lead somo to expect , it is desirable that all Democrats should endeavour to he prepared with just principles of social and political economy , in order to supply the place of that mass of fraud , of device , of trickery , and of lies , which now , unhappily , passes foy

      political wisdom . I have observed with pain , that there are some professod Democrats who have a hankering for some wonderfully improved sort of j > aper money .. They have seen bankers acquire wealth and obtain largo possessions , and , as a matter of course , they have seen the laws made to favour such men ; they are , therefore" ; desirous that the privilege of moneymaking should he extended to the industrious classes , in order that they also may have u share in such a profitable business—may become hankers , and obtain wealth .

      Now , Mr . Editor , either these men are very much mistaken , or I am : that which they teach to be a good , I believe to be an evil ; that which they appear to think capable of being made into a blessing , is , in my opinion , a curse in every possible shape . I would therefore respectfully suggest , that a corner ot the Northern Star might he usefully appropriated in endeavouring to come at thc truth respecting this important subject , and especially as I am / _ulii * certain that it is to this system alone ( with its ncccs _* sary concomitants , " loaii-moiigering" nnd "funding" ) , that the " reactions now taking place on the continent of Europe are fairly to bc ascribed .

      it is quito true th . it bankers make money , but how do thoy make it ? Where does it come from ' i As we know that they produce nothing _^ cither mentally or physically , calculated to benefit mankind , all ' their wealth ' must come frum tho labour of others , _svhoaro as completely robbed by the process as if tho parties had broken into their houses and stolen thc victuals from the cupboard . If over the laissez-faire principle was of any use , it is with respect to the principle of currency—thc best thing is to let it alone . The only thing desirable for all honest men is , that it should he as free as possible from fluctuation ; and whatever has a tendency to cause sueh fluctuations , either hy _* , _¦ - creamiff or _decrcasiaq the quantity , is suve to

      nroduce mischiet . Mr . _Gc-ldhunter goes to California , and comes home "with a million " of sovereigns ; he purchases ' : estates , builds houses , sets up gilt carriages , keeps hunters and hounds , and hires a whole regiment df flunkies , fidlers , and toadies . Sow some will be ready to exclaim , " What au advantage this is to to the country ! Sec wliat . a number of hands arc set to work , and what a i-nnnlity of money is put into circulation . How thankful we ought to bc to Goldhuntcr for going to California , and bringing ns homo so much wealth . " Hiinpletous ! Every shilling ofthe money which Goldhuntcr expends , is just as completely taken from the pockets of the people , as

      if , instead of going to California , he had stopped at home and laid a tax upon the rest of the _community for the amount . There is nothing ' more certain , than that every increase in thc quantity of money causes a corresponding decrease in the value . Sow supposing tho quantity to have been twenty millions before , _Goldhuntci- ' s additional million will havo caused an increase of five per cent ., and the purchasing power of every sovereign will have been reduced to nineteen shillings , and of course every holder of a sovereign will have been defrauded out of a shilling—will m fact , and indeed , havo had to contribute for the whole of Goldhuntcr ' s additional wealth . How can it be otherwise ? How can an

      increase of that which is a mere conventional representation of wealth , give , or stand in the place of , the thing represented ? That it does do so , in thc case of bankers and gold-hunters , is unhappily too true , but all that is got in such a way is got at the expense of others . I will now conclude these introductory observations with the following three propositions , for the truth of which I am prepared to argue . First . —If all the other institutions of a community were as they ought to be , thc quantity of thc circulating medium , or money , of the community is not of the _slightest moment . Second . —That no gain can be made by banknotemakers , money-mongers , gold-hunters , ov swindlers , without producing an equal amount of tow to other parties . Third . —Tliat of all tlie evils inflicted upon the honest and industrious man , those evils inflicted b ) banknote-makers havo boon , and now are , the greatest . Yours respectfully , Huddersfield . Uiciiauu Bkook .

      The Royal Etchings. To Till! Kmtor 01* T...

      THE ROYAL ETCHINGS . TO Till ! KMTOR 01 * THE SOliTIIElIX STAK . Sin , —For your kindness iu inserting my former -onimunioati ' ons relating to the unfortunate affair _ifthe " Royal Etchings , " and to the order uhtained > y tlio Prince Consort for _*** ¦ ' to _\ _rAy , not only the : o _;* ts of my _<«< . ' u _c-ise , but the whole of tin : costs sinco taxed , amoimtiiig to upwards of . L'lcO , ) ivhieh his Royal Highness had ¦• _•*'« . ¦ ' /¦• . ' . I _< wi , i _, r . ' _,-: l in . he ease of Mr . Sirauy _:, and accruing Uf » _-c I wns ¦ ¦ veil made a - . ¦ r . _' _-i to ' the suit , I heg to velum you my most grateful acknowledgment !* . ' Notwithstanding 1 am a " pauper , " ( admitiedby the . Muster of the " ltolls _, upwards of two mouths «„ _-o , to a " pauper ' .- ; ¦ ¦ _ri-.-ileg-.-s , " ) 1 was . * t })*> r t'" which it is alleged 1 have " committed against hor said Majesty , for not paying the . sum of £ 181 Is . . Sd . costs , to his Royal Highness Prince Albert ; " and I am now incarcerated in " the common gaol of the county of Berks at Reading , " at the suit of His Koyal Highness , . indwhere " ! shall he ! compelled to remain , away from my wife and young family , until 1 purge myself of the said " eoutempf . " Tliis , however , is only fo be effected bv my paving to tho Prince Consort

      £ 181 ls . Sd ., an utter impossibility for me to accomplish in my present most distressed state ; for since the ruinously severe , and , indeed , I may say oppressive proceedings , were commenced againstnaem the Court of Chancery , I have been compelled to pawn the very blankets ' from off our beds , and the clothes from our hacks ( as Mr . Radnor , the pawnbroker of Windsor , can testify ) in order to enable me to meet some only ofthe enormous expenses to which I have been subjected by the advisers of her Majesty , and His Royal Highness l _' rincc Albert , 'i ' liis is no "idle tale" to excite commiseration or pity . The privations my most excellent wife and family have suffered for months past , would havo been beyond endurance had we not" lived ou in hope , " and thus

      fortified ourselves against despair . All , however , is now over . I am immured in a common gaol at the suit of tho Consort of my sovereign ; aud my poor wife and family arc thus deprived of tho support and the protection of a husband and a parent . Yesterday afternoon , when I was dragged away to a prison , I could as easily have flown over the Round Tower at Windsor Castle , as have paid His Royal Highness ' s demand of £ l _** Sl Is . 8 d . for I left Windsor ( to travel twenty miles , to submit , patiently , to incarceration , ) with only 5 s . in my pocket , leaving but 2 s . Id . for thc support of my distressed wife and children at home . How then , Sir , let mo ask , could I bc expected to pay so large a sum as nearly £ 200 , with only such means at my disposal ?

      I feel assured that the Prince Consort cannot bc aware of all that has been done in His Royal Highness's name * . and it is therefore in the hope that the facts , to which I have referred , may he brought under the notice of His Royal Highness , that I most urgently , hut very respectfully , pray you will do me the great favour of finding space for this letter at your earliest convenience . Your kind compliance with my request will demand , and receive , my warmest gratitude

      I remain , Sir , Your very faithful _» nd obliged servant , _jAt , rF . a _TmtsE-ri Jvdqb . Countv Prison , Reading , Wednesday , August 22 . 1 , _1849 . [ The persecution to which tho writer ofthe abovo letter has been , and is still , subjected , savours very much of vindictiveness , and if persevered in will not tend to increase Prince Albert ' s popularity . The Prince should remember that mercy " Is twice blessed :

      It hlcssetb him that gives and him that takes . "f is mightiest in the mightiest * * - * * * * If . is an attribute of God himself , And earthly power doth then shew likest Heaven When mercy seasons justice . " ]

      " Fifty-Two Thousand Jews,' Says Thc Jew...

      " Fifty-two thousand Jews , ' says thc Jewish Chronicle , " are now fighting in thc ranks of tho brave Hungarian army for liberty and civilisation , and not one Jew is to be found serving under the Austrians , though there are myriads of Jews in Austria Proper , Galicia , Bohemia , Moravia , and Transylvania . *"

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Sept. 1, 1849, page 1, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_01091849/page/1/