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Northern Star (1837-1852), 1st August 1846, Edition 3 of 3, Page 1, *?< MANCHESTER.^y> . .£. :? 'People's' i...

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  • Departments (3)
    • A FOUR-RoOifKB CoWAdE
    • LOSS OF TnE EMIGRANT SHIP MANDARIN AND THE SIR WALTER SCOTT.
    • *^til-0.^.1jldl^fi 1* '*''!- ¦ ¦ v-Mi\viM-'-tHiii&. f-;'
  • Text (11)
  • Transcript

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      A Four-Rooifkb Cowade

      A FOUR-RoOifKB CoWAdE

      „, 0 The Members Of The Cflartist 1 Co-O...

      „ , THE MEMBERS OF THE CflARTIST 1 CO-OPERATIVE LAND ASSOCIATION . jlv Vert Dear Friends , t _gm now entitled to tbe honourable name of _DOURER , I am Brag in ft four-roomed house , l slep t here on Saturday nig ht and never felt more _tjopy in all my life . The chimnies , not an _unim-^ _tant consideration , draw beautifully , and every V _jjj _. bespeaks a cheering comfort and independence . t _^ now teUyou preaselybowIfeel , and how I im convinced every , occupant of an allotment will _t _gL - j _feel'thati"once in _possession of this cottage

      - _^ fhe land belongingio it , that I would risk my _«„ _jnd that to a great extent , rather than surrender it- 1 _ I f _& _J _conmcM _^ of'every _msm _' _s-ability _^ o _jjTe and support _"bisi famfly comfortably , and to pur-/ _juse it ont of bis savings for ever in less than five years . ' : I _feeVassuT _^ _'thatfnbi _^ _ge _^< fi _*&*^ l _*< Q _^ _pan _tTTom bis bolding , and I feel convincedtbat the man who disinherits himself from anv of these _^" ase _^ v _^ ' can _^ _upoia lum into society a more dis-. grace . _"al brand than that _stawped upon ihe criminal after he has suffered an ignominious punishment for the violation of laws which nature forbade hini to

      Gbe j _^ y : _^ - . _' , ; . .-: * ; _.::, _" _-. y _^;^ . _^ - I have told yon a thousand times that _erayJiffi culty ; against wKcV labour had . to contend , was the monopoly of the knd by the usurping elass and the consequent political privileges that followed its _ownership . The question of the improved value of the land by the increasing population has never yet been discussed ; that is , your side of the question £ as never yet been _fciriy . argued . Tat Times newspaper , in a recent article , endeavouring to show the improved condition of Ireland , instances the increased value of land in that country , wholly

      forgetting that 15 , 000 , 000 acres of land would be more vaiuabie _* to 8 , 000 , 000 , the present population of IreJaudjjthau to less than four nrillions , the p opulation * at-the time , of the union : Theimproved _Talue _^ of _& id . brpnght about by the increase of population is an absolute hardship upon the newcomers , and proves more forcibly than the most eloquent argument , the injustice of land monopoly . The increased price of the land by no means argues its improved value arising from a better system of cultulevbut it does prove that the

      monopolizers of the soil have an unfair and an unjust advantage "from " the increase of population , and the consequently increasing necessities of that increased population- If , _for-lnsianee , the land of England with its present population is worth an ascertainable averaged value—if that population was increased to-morrow to more than double its present amount , the land of England , as if bv magic , and without any

      act of its owners , would be worth more than treble its present value , so that the value of land increases in a far greater .-. ratio than population . Now is it too much to implore of you to keep those ample statements always before yon . Believe me , my fiiends , that they are the very essence and foundation of tbat knowledge which you must possess Mote you can fleivievf t either physical comtet , intellectual improvement , or political rig hts .

      "When the landlords _monoplised the land , the land hj degrees became the repository for all political power . The landlords have not yet lost that power — not a particle of it . Skinnishes may take place , in which tbey may be worsted , but those who dream of holding political power permanently , without _entoehiang that population which gives additions value to the land , instead of the land itself , will find themselves very much mistaken . I will now prove _teyou _^ bythe simplest course of reasoning , that mere never was a niDre enormous or TJalpable piece

      of injustice committed , than that of enfranchising land , and disfranchising , or rather leaving unenfranchised , those who give the franchised value to the land . Now , suppose a large tract ofa _conaty sob- , _^ _ridedmfibfarinsfnow " wor th , of let _fo £ , - _^ 0 ' br JE 10 _ayear at wilL These tenements _? would not confer a vote , upon the occupants , while , if raised to the-value of £ 50 each , they would be enfranchised , while the population whicb conferred the increased value would be unenfranchised . Thus I prove to demonstration the fact , that the thing , LABOUR , which confers the value to the land is unenfranchised , while tbe land tbat receives its value from increased population is enfranchised .

      These are the means , the unjust means , by which the owners of land have been enabled to usnrp political power ; and tbe only means by whicb we can destroy the injustice is , by one or other , or both , of the following plans . We must break up every government tbat bases its pretensions to office upon the mere pledge of liberalism , and compel them to have recourse to a different standard of franchise as

      the means of preserving their party ascendancy . Or else we must so prove the value of the land , and so attach tbe labour-mind of the country to its possession , as tbe means of giving the only real value to in . duitry ; and thereby create such a unanimous , uni * versal demand for the restoration of the land to its legitimate purposes—namely , to the exigencies of an increasing population ; as neither government , class , partv , or faction , can prudently or safely resist .

      Sow , as far as I am concerned , I am realising true nations of a country ' s wealth , and the people ' s independence . THERE IS NOTHING THAT THE LAND WILL _NOTDOjin the way of support and comfort . I am only now beginning myself to understand tie full value and all the blessings of the institution . I now assert this , that if the 35 allotments carved out of

      tie estate were offered b y tender to-morrow , thatthe four acre allotments , without the ~ _; £ 30 , would fetch £ 20 a year ; the three acre allotments would fetch £ 16 a year _, and the two acre allotments would fetch £ 12 a year , without the capital to be given with any , and they would all let to good and solvent tenants , who ivou ! J pay a premium in 48 hours . See then tbe advantages that CO-OPERATION offers .

      I shall now confer familiarly with you upon those every day and every thing matters , tbat I wisb to make tbe subject of your fire-side conversation , when tyranny allows you a moment ' s repose from slavery . firstly—Then , by my corrected balance sheet you will learn that the society is £ 500 richer than I thought on Thursday last , and Secondly—It is a £ 1 , 000 richer than you had _iinasined on Saturday last .

      I have corrected tbe one error . I will now put you in possession of the other fact . We paid nearly £ 500 for the timber , crops , dung , and fixtures upon the estate . We paid £ 181 for the crops , and I bave alread y sold bar , tares and wheat to the amount of £ 238 . 15 s ; we have saved abont £ 15 worth of hay . I expect £ 17 10 s . for the oats , that will make £ 271 . 5 s . for the crops , or a 1 _'rofit of £ 90 5 s . I have sold 110 stacks of roots for £ 16 10 s . I have sold over 5 , 000 faggots , at _C 4 a thousand . I expect we have 10 , 000 more .

      * am selling all the old useless timbers ofthe house and _& _wtbuildings for firewood , or such purposes assuit the _^ " _'ghbours , so that I expect to Tealise much more _tuan all the labour in clearing and laying out the estate , out of what others would have allowed to go * ' waste , and as we bave paid for the timber and crops , - all tbat money will come back besides what I am able to make of the things to be sold . Up to this time , Rebecca , the Chartist Cow , has made about - 5 * 6 in less than eight weeks , so tbat she now stands Jou in only eig ht pounds . "N ot a tile nor a lath is "i ewved to "o to waste .

      1 have engaged fen carts and horses and forty ! »' iourers to work from five o ' clock in the morning k fd ei _jir _t in _xiie evening , during thc week after next , ¦ ¦ » order to be prepared for the exhibition . By that Ti "* ail the houses will be up , and , as if Providence ' ¦ - as _-uijiug ia our undertaking , we have discovered

      „, 0 The Members Of The Cflartist 1 Co-O...

      that , after the thirteen four acre allotments ,-the . five three acre allotments , and the . _sexenteenr . _tifo _: acre allotments , that v ? e bave yetremalhTDg ' twtf ar _^ atoaV _som _^ erecting ' a ¦ school , with half an tacre for ; play ground and an acre-andhalf for a model " -farmand- gardento . be cultivated by the children , . an _4 _i ., u . n _& _rtake-g pledj _^ _myseCtbai- _^ productive part of the estate ; - If _a _^ " _^^*' _^ thisfiu * m two months ago , aiid had be ' en' _^ ld of tbe state that it would be broug ht to by this _>; time ; thev would have laughed ; and all laugh now , when

      I point out theimproved state in which it _' wuT be oh the 17 th August : all I say is , THAT I WILL DO TT , and it is now coming near the time that prop hets dread—THE HOUR OF FULFILMENTbut I will renew my prediction , that I will exhibit such a sig ht upon tbat day as England or the world never saw before . Before I conclude I beg to remind the growlers that when this estate is completed my next undertaking shall be for 100 cottages , and I can manage tbem as easily as thirty-five , and , now that my hand is in , I can complete them in half the time . I wish all to bear in mind that the first

      attempt at an undertaking of this "kind is very hazardous , while I am proud to say , that not one single unpleasantness has happened from the commencement ; nothing has gone to waste , and nothing has been done that I would recall ; and so harmoniously has all gone on , that bricklayers , carpenters , and labourers are preparing to emi g rate with me to tbe nest location which fully proves Ibat Englishmen can find a home where they are justly dealt with .

      Now , one word for the Demonstration . This estate belongs to the occupants , and they are justly entitled to the benefit of exhibiting their property to the public . If damage is done , the repairs will be made out of increased rent upon them . Certainly it -will he trifling , as from onr . arrangements I don t anticipate a particle of damagl * ; 4 _nil : I had fondly hoped , and hope still , to realise a large amount of starting monev out of the profits . I hoped to

      present each with a purse containing his own share , and I hope jo do the sanie ' _-with every location . An active = and laborious committee of London working menhavecordially co-operated with us to aid in carrying out this * object , and I now learn that other parties have started associations for the purpose of rivalling or competing with us in bringing down visitors . Now there is but one way of meeting this rank injustice — THIS PLUNDER Of THE _OCCUPANTS—and that mode we have

      adontedit is , that we will have our own police at every entrance to the estate , and that all who have not the committee ' s tickets from London , or rather aU who come by the opposition vans , must pay one shilling entrance , while those who come under the committee ' s arrangements will come free of all other charges . This is a rule which shall be strictly adhered to , and one whicb we call upon all honest Chartists io assist us in carrying out . In ihe evening every bouse will be illuminated—minute guns will be fired from each end of the estate—there will be a profusion of fire-vrorks—a splendid dancing booth got up by the tradespeople and labourers at Herringsgate — booths for

      refreshment and amusements—and upon the first act of drunkenness _ory- „ . disorder , every * . tenfc . ywiU be struck ,- and the _yKtate will lie cleared . A cricket match will take _* plaee . There will be a short pnblic meeting—flags upon seventy feet poles will wave over the hills . This shall be one happy day in England , and I am determined that more than one county shall understand what I mean by LABOUR'S FAIR—FREE-MEN'S HOUSES , and WORKING MEN'S SPORTS ; and I feel assured that no working man will mar the day ' s rejoicing by drunkenness or bad conduct ; for , as [ sure as I am alive , if one tent-ke per passes the bounds of propriety , I will stave every cask in his booth and knock it down about bis head .

      There will be trusty care-takers placed in every house , after they are exhibited and during the illuminations ; and it is earnestly requested that no person will damage the property of working men . The ar tist was here yesterday ( Tuesday ) , preparing bis sketch for tbe engraving whicb will be given in the Star fthe 22 nd , and then those who have seen the estate will be able to judge of its merits . I cannot engage myself anywhere after "Wednesday nig ht next , for I hope that the labours of the Convention will be concluded by that time , and that 1 shall be able to have my working jacket on again on Thnrsdav morning next .

      1 am _. Tour faithful friend and bailiff , Feargus O'Connor . P . S . —I have lost so much money and labour by former publications , that I will not undertake the arduous labour of compiling my Nottingham speech until I can ascertain from the orders the exact amount THAT I AM LIKELY TO LOSE .

      Ar00108

      And National Trbes ? ^ Minal.

      AND NATIONAL TRBes _^ _MiNAL .

      Vol. X . No. 455- London, Satur£Al/Au(^^...

      VOL . X . NO . 455- LONDON , SATUR _£ Al _/ AU _(^^^ _^ ¦ y .- - - ¦¦ ' ¦ _' _- - _" - - _¦ : _* - '¦¦ - - * _* --- * _--- ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ . ¦ _¦ > _...:-. ¦ _, ' _i-.- _^ _^ w . a _?!^ . ; it _^ , _-, !;! -, ; -, . v _^ _. . _F- _* _y 8 _hlHl _!^; art . | _ft |! M _| l |! ii _Quarrel' -- . _^

      Loss Of Tne Emigrant Ship Mandarin And The Sir Walter Scott.

      LOSS OF TnE EMIGRANT SHIP MANDARIN AND THE SIR WALTER SCOTT .

      Fifteen Persons Frozen To Death. Informa...

      FIFTEEN PERSONS FROZEN TO DEATH . Information announcing the tot 3 l loss of the above vessels , and the malaneholy fate of the crew of the Sir Walter Scott , by being irozen tu death , has been received at Lloyd ' s . The particulars are of tbe most painful description . The Mandarin was a _vessel , barque rigged , ef a superior clais , and 500 tons burden , commanded by Captain John Gleland . She belonged to Glasgow , and sailed from Calcutta in tbe latter part of February last , with 21 C emigrants , for Jamaica , on board . Having landed them at that port , she shipped a cargo of sugar , rum , saltpetre , and other articles . She sailed for Liverpool on the mornincr ofthe 24 th of April , and unhappily struck

      on a sunken rock , known as the Alligator Rock , at Key "West . Every effort was made by the master and crew to get the ship off , but in consequence of the heavy sea it wasimpossihJe to accomplish it , and in a few hours she was full of water . Fortunately all on board _vrere saved by the boats , and landed at Key West . The following day she fell over on the rock and became a total wreck . It is a providential circumstance that thc emigrants had disembarked ; had they been on board when the disaster took place , a serious loss of life wouid have probably been the result . Thc loss will prove very heavy , and insurances to the amount of £ 20 , 000 are reported to have been effected on the vessel and cargo .

      ... „ . The circumstances attending the loss of the Sir-Walter Scott , Captain Byas , master , arc of a most lamentable character . It appears that for several months fears were entertained that she had been lost , no tidings having reached her owners since last September . Letters , however , have recently come to hand , stating the vessel to have been totally * wre e * J on the coast of Labrador , a month after she had lett Quebec for Limerick . According to the accounts forwarded , she was driven aground during a snow storm , and the sea and ice breaking over her , tlie crew and captain lashed themselves in thc rigging , in the hope that their dreadful position would be seen , and assistance rendered them . In that perilous

      situation tbey remained for two days , and perceiving no chance of being rescued , they contrived to construct a raft , and by that means succeeded in gaining the land . Here tbeir condition was _almost if not equally as bad . They wandered ahout for miles without meeting with any of the residents , or anything in the shape of relief , for live ( lays . When discovered , what with the intense cold and the want oi sustenance , they were reduced to tbe greatest _exhaustion _, 'flic « rcw consisted of e _' mhtoon , fifteen uf whom perished from the intense suffering they had tndured , _including the master . They were most frightfully frostbitten . She belonged to the port of _Ilii'l . The mate , and two ot the seamen aro the survivers .

      *?< Manchester.^Y> . .£. :? 'People's' I...

      _*?< MANCHESTER . _^ y _> . . _£ . : _? 'People ' s' _iNSTir _^ B _^ Monday , ¦ Mqrnih " gf _^^

      .. : BAIiLOT _; _FOU _^ LOCA _^ ON _'" ' ON THE * ii i * ' ! ;; P _* EOPtE-S ¦ _SECONlfESTATO ¦ " . ' _^ t ; an ea _^ tbis splendid building , the propertyof the Manchester Chartists , ; assumed a bustling : appearance ; delegates ' and ; persons interested were continually arriving from theradjacent towns , ; and at thebonr appointed the Institute presented a goodly show of the sons and daughters of toil , who are looking to . the Chartist _^ Co-operative Land Society as a means of rescuing them fr ! om manufacturing bondage .. - J . At eleven 6 ' clock Mr . . Donovan was called to the chair , arid addressed the meeting with great effect in that

      quiet humorous style which renders him such a universal popular favorite . Mr . M'Grath explained to the meeting the relative proportion of the prizes in the ISO-acres _^ ballotted for , falling respectively to the two , thfeeVaiid four acre allotments , viz . 892 two-acre shares g iving ei ghteen prizes ; 259 _threcacre shares giving five prizes , and 970 four-acre . shares giving twenty prizes . The committee having made the necessary . arrangements , and Meis ' ra ' 'Mitcbeli ; of Rochdale , and Bennett , of Stockport * having heen appointed to draw the tickets from the ballot boxes , the drawing commenced , of which the followiiig is the result : —

      Two-Acre Prizes . No . of Certificate . 1 H . William Bernard Northampton 2 George Worrell Dudley 1918 3 Henry Tanner Greenwich 2757 4 , George Coupe : Keighley , 2816 5——Franklin _, Bristol ' 1188 6 William Piggs Lambeth 2537 7 Edward Gray Leicester 2986 8 James Baker Devizes 1270

      9 James Goodward Calais * " 625 10 David Webster Salford 2153 _11 A . William Howe Sunderland 2657 12 Robert Butterworth Rochdale 157 13 John Linney Carrington : 2877 14 Henry Lee Exeter 743 15 Samuel Atherton .. Wigan . 2846 16 Robert Massey South Shields 2 A 15 17 John Holmes Idle , Yorkshire 1132 18 Charles Payne" London 1719

      19 Aiiis Williams Rouen : ' 20 Richard Town Manchester 21 Benjamin Savage Lambeth 22 WilUam Oddy Bradford ; 23 Mary Allen . Nottingham 24 Robert Brierly . Manchester 25 Robert Ruston Colne 26 William Tovey Rouen 27 John Stott Bradford 28 Benjamin Glossop Sheffield 29 John Bryan Selby 30 Joseph Parkin Ashton

      Tbree Acres . 1 James South _Blackkburn 2 Cornelius Ashton Manchester 2869 297 3 John Dennis New Radford 2941 320 4 Alexander Robertson Aberdeen 593 173 5 James Driver "Northampton 6 James Young Manchester 7 James Davis Salford 8 Sheriff Wyatt Leicester 9 William Jennings Bilston 10 Arthur Shaw Nottingham

      _; . ' y Four Acres . 1 Wm . Young Souter Westminster 305 306 2 SaviHe Crawther . . ,, Mottram :. . ¦ / _.-. * 527-528 3 -Thomas Rawsdn Manchester 405 661 4-Edmund Kershaw Rochdale _-f- * 551 -2588 5 William _Chorlesworth Staleybridge ;• 460 461 6 James Bearman Booking ' 283 1610 7 William Addison Manchester 1447 1448 8 Thomas Richardson Lambeth 518 519 9 Henry Porter London 1896 1897

      10 George Webb Reading 1968 1969 11 Thomas Acklam Barnsley 560 1639 12 James Helliwel Hebdenbridge 2954 2955 13 James _WhartoS Lambeth 375 2163 14 Christopher D O'Connorville 3081 3082 15 Isaac Weir Manchester 1022 1023 16 John Renham Westminster 1262 1263 17 James Ferguson Burnley 112 2128 18 William Rogerson Somers ' _-town 19 John Lee Manchester 2066 2067 20 George Redfern London 1283 1284

      21 John Hartley Hebdenbridge 22 William Darnley Stockport 23 Richard Robinson Clitheroe 24 George Smith Halifax 25 William Johnston Hindley 26 Thomas Wm . Dale Macclesfield 27 John Cloud Monmouth 28 George Forster Manchester 29 William Sadler Manchester 30 James Stott Bradford

      The Ballot for the _teioiid Location having concluded , a second ballot was taken for situation of allotment in the O'Connorville Estate , the houses in the location are numbered respectively , 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , & c , and the winners will occupy the same numbers as they have drawn in the ballot , the result is as follows ;— Two Acres . 1 John Westmoreland London 2 John Lambourne Reading 3 iMichael Fitzsimon Manchester 4 William Mann Northampton

      5 Philip Ford Wootten-under-Edge 6 Charles Smith Halifax 7 George Mansfield Bradford ( Wilts ) 8 Richard Eveson Stockport 9 Charles Brown Brown 10 JohnWallwark Ashton 11 John Neil Heywood 12 William House Pershore 13 Henry Smith Keighley 14 George Ramsbottom Ashton [ London . ] 15 William Mitchell Whittington and Cat 16 John Firth Bradford 17 Ralph Keifoot Rouen

      Three Acres . 1 James Short Bilston 2 William Oddy Bradford 3 George Richardson Westminster 4 Benjamin Knott Halifax 5 Isaac Jowett Bradford .

      Four Acres . 1 Thomas Meyrick Worcester 2 Joseph Mills Ashton 3 David Watson Edinburgh 4 Martin Griffiths Worcester 5 James Cole Bradford 6 Barbara Vaughan Sunderland 7 Alfred HagueCrowtberAshton

      8 Thomas Smith Wigan 9 James Greenwood Hebden Bridge 10 Thomas Smith Greenford ( near London ) 11 Thomas Bond Devizes 12 James Taylor Manchester 13 Joseph Openshaw Manchester Feargus O'Connor Thomas Clark CllKISTOPHKU DOYLE Piiiur M'GnAin Thomas Maktin WnEELER Secretary .

      Sudden Death At Tne Eustos-Squahb Statio...

      Sudden Death at TnE _Eustos-squahb Station . —Upon the arrival on Tuesday afternoon ofthe 45 mins . past 3 p . m . tram at the Euston-sqiiare terminus ofthe London and Birmingham Railway , a _ocnllcman , one of the passengers , was observed to be exceedingly ill . This being intimated to Mr . "Brooks , the chief clerk , he had the gentleman immediately conveyed into thc orhce , and sent ior a medical man , but before the arrival of the surgeon he had breathed his last The body wa i conveyed to the Goorgo _Tavom adiaccnt , there to await a coroner ' s inquest .

      *^Til-0.^.1jldl^Fi 1* '*''!- ¦ ¦ V-Mi\Vim-'-Thiii&. F-;'

      _*^ _til-0 . _^ . 1 _jldl _^ fi 1 * ' *''! - ¦ ¦ _v-Mi \ _viM- _' _-tHiii _& . _f- ;'

      ' ; ? H ^«8;E'Irietatthfee-O-Clock/ Whle...

      ' ; ? _^« 8 ; _e'irietatthfee-o-clock / _whlePth ' e * iRqyai ' _3 _^ 1 _^ ' _^ _Comma sion _^^ cellor , _theuMarquiu _of'Ciauricarde ; ' ana the Earl of 1 he _«? # Hied _^ five o ' clock . " - i _%± c '< p _i , CxANCArir * r laid oh . the , taHe the _re-, port or . the . select conimitteeon _. the Irish Poor Law , and npon Medical Charities in Ireland- whieh waa ordered to be printed . . ¦

      _; -: v _^ a _^^^ _THE-sLA _^ _-rpDE _;;; : ; _U ' rV-:- ' _LordIBbough am presentedba . petition _agafast the _SuS- _** Du >» e « Bill , signed by Thomas Clark-ion , on behalf ofthe _Anti-Slavery Society . The noble- and learned Lord , in supporting the prayer' of the- petition , spoke at great 'length in _^ opposition ' to the Ministerial measures , and read a letter from Lord Denman , in which that learned Judge denounced , in the most forcible language , any parliamentary nwasure tending to give an impetus to the' slave trade : His Lordship had a _^ fling at his former _colleagueaj . _theiWhig _^ He said : —All the . other questions whieh during the last six months _Parlihiment had been debating , " sank into complete insignificance , when siich a one as that which he had _juSt stated was

      propounaedbn this 27 th of July , being later than the ordinary period of the termination of the parliamentary year , and at a time when parliament was jaded b y long attendance , and its patience exhausted by one of the most exciting debates which ever occupied the attention of either house of Parliament . Why Was it brought forward now 1 Its pasaago through Parliament might now perhaps be more glib , as parties were in rather an odd state . It was difficult to say how any ono would vote . . The Government seemed to think that in the scuffle they might have a chance . It might also be convenient to show that , besides the Sewerage Bill / there was a question in which the Cabinet was united . ( Hear , hear . ) : It might be convenient fbr the Government to shew that they agreed

      upon something - but , at alreyents , they felt , that they had a better chance how'than next year . Besides , they said , "You have just been promoting Free Trade by all the-means iii your power .. You have now carried one change and then another iiritil you have repealed the'Cbrn Laws , whicli takes _' away protection from the home grower and you . now- wish to taK ' c away _proteciibiilrom . his colonial brother . " ft was in vain to discuss such a question , which w _» 9 a very difficult one in all ife _$ earings 4 a question on which the _feelfngs-of the '" - cibuntry could be easily aroused , and therefore they thought it better to take time by the forelock and not let that house , wliich discussed the Corn Bill , have an opportunity of fully debating this question . He ( Lord-Brougham ) had

      great alarms . _Ihese men were wise in their generation according to a certain but a limited scale . He knew that these men knew to a certain , extent what they were about . lie knew tha ( £ tliey ; -had a little portion of that worldl y wisdom wliich oftentimes took the place ofa higher degree of wisdom , and therefore was oftentimes more advantageous to its possessors than wisdom itself . For this reason he had great fears that they had not reckoned , untruly on this subject , and that he perhaps might be found in a minority when the charge , to which Mr . Clarkson alluded , was brought forward , and against which he humbly and earnestl y warned their Lordships . But what if he ( Lord Brougham )! had the same house here to listen to the case as when the Corn Laws

      were discussed a couple of months ago—if that house were here assembled , he would at once say to his venerable friend , *• Be quiet apd easy , and take the repose you have so well earned , for you may be assured that your eyes will not close in death before a victory shall be gained over this last . attempt in favour ofthe Slave Trade . " But his astonishment was increased when he found that this question did not at all press : Can there be any better reason for setling it now , in 1 S 4 C , than in 1847 ? He thought tha . t the Government ought to acquiesce in the pro * position which hud been made , to take a Bill for a year , and then next year , alter they had time to be advised of the whole subject , and to receive , all thie _neeessarj * information from the coast of Africa , respecting the working of the treaty and the operations of the combined squadron there , and information as to the quantity of sugar wliich we might get from our East Indian possessions , and from Siam and Manilla ,

      and further information also as to the state ot slavery in Cuba and Brazil , the question could be properly and advantageously discussed . Surely it would be better to act according to common sense and consistency , and take the Bill for a year , then legislate thus in a hurry , and endeavour to pass a permanent measure , when there was neither opportunity for consideration , nor time for discussion . The Marquis of Lansdowne did not intend at that period to fellow the Noble and Learned Lord at any length in the statement which he made . He might , however , be permitted to say , that as the present duties on slave grown sugar had not had their result i n the suppression ofthe slave trade , but the contrary , the general princi p le of free trade , lately adopted , ought to be applied to an article which formed one ot the most useful necessaries of life . The petition was then ordered to lie on the table . Some formal business was disposed of , and their Lordships adjourned at half-past seven o ' clock .

      HOUSE OF COMMONS .-Mondat , July 27 , THE RE-ELECTIONS . Mr . Thomas Maitland took the oaths and his seat on his re-election for the Stewarty of Kirkcudbright . ¦ -. SABBATH AMUSEMENTS . Mr . Hume gave notice ofhis intention to move a resolution ( on the proposal to introduce a Bill against Sunday trading , as we understood ) declaring that with a view to lessen the temptation to drunkenness and immorality , it is the duty ofa christian legislature to take care that the British Museum , the National Gallery , and all similar public places , be kept open after morning service on Sunday , in the same way that gin-shops , and public houses are allowed to be kept open . ( Much cheering . )

      MILITARY FLOGGING . Mr . OsnoitXE gave notice , that on the house going into committee on thc army estimates , he would move the abolition of military flogging , except for oftences committed on a line of march , and that then the punishment be limited to fifty lashes . ( Cheers . )

      PROVISIONS IN IRELAND . Mr . O'Cohnei . t , referred to a report he had seen in the newspapers , that the supply of food by the Go . vernment in Ireland was to cease on the 15 th of " August . He wished to be informed what truth there might be in this statement , or whether Ministers had any intention to reduce the supply of food at the date specified ? If such a notion were to get abroad , he feared it would be received in Ireland with the deepest regret and dissatisfaction . Nothing could havo been conducted with greater wisdom and discretion than the supply of food by the late Government .

      1 lie Ciiascellor _oftiu _i « _hequeii said , the measures for thcalleviatiot recent distress had been of three kinds , being partly by means of employment by the Government , furnished by those in the neighbourhood , and partlv by thcGovernmentselling a supply ; ot food at a cheap rate through the different parts ot Ireland . It was not intended to discontinue any oi these so far as the Government were concerned , except the last , lie concurred in the opinion of the beneficial effects which the measures of relief of the late Government had been attended with in Ireland ; they had not only saved the people from famine , but had also preserved the public peace . But that which was most beneficial when adopted as a measure

      of relief for temporary disti ess would become an evil of great magnitude , if it were rendered permanent . ( Hear , hear . ) This feeling was beginning to prevail in Ire and , and the Government had determined that the suppl y of food should cease when thc harvest came in . Directions were accordingly _issued to the Commissariat to stop thc supply of food furnished by the Government after August 15 th . Thc 1 st of August was thc day on which it was at first proposed the supply cease , but it was extended till the 15 th , in order that there might be no pressure on the early crnp of potatoes . It was fortunate that was done , for there was too much reason to believe , the early crop of potatoes had failed .

      A short conversation ensued m wuich Mr , O _Oonncll corroborated the statement that the early potato crop had failed and the Chancellor of the Exchequei said the matter had thc due and best consideration of Government ,

      TIIE SUGAR DUTIES . Upon Lord J . _Russian ' s moving , that the order of the day be now read foe _gi'ing into the Committee ' of Ways and Means . Lord G . Bkxtinck moved the amendment ol which he had given notice , and . disclaiming all _hostility to llcv Majesty ' s Ministers , observed that , although on former occasions thc question of slavery ami of the policy of reducing the sugar duties had been mixed up with tho question of eonlidunee or no confidence in the Government , it was not his inten-

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      ; tion so t 6 treat them' upon the : plr _^ _htvbceasidri _? After repudiating the .. notion , ¦ which very ; _errohei _ousljpMTaitedfoafcofM _^ - . _ve-pjpnly _^ figlitfc jj _^ vernment resolutions , he said ; that ' _ithe question inyolyedin _jth _^ intothree . headfl _. _andthatas'wchheffibuld treatit . The' first head ' was that which eoncernedftheintereat ofthe British _sugar . _> planters in the West Indies , the East Indies ] and the Mauritius , and _whick also concerned the Bupply bf sugar to _Gf / eat Britain . The second waa the question of reveriiw , as touched on by Lord J : Russell , in introducing his _resolutions * . and the third , would relate to the interests of the African race . On the first head _Lsvd J . _Rsssell founded his resolution , oh tho policy , and also on

      the difficulty , of supplying the people _oitiiis country with cheap sugar ; arid though hia LortMiip had not ) said that there would be a famine in sugar during the next year , he had said that there would _bVa conBiderable deficiency in the average supply . Now , so ; far from , there being a probability of a want of sugar , Lord G . "Bentinck positively asgerted'tbat if the Government would only give confidence to the British pl _& _terjlahd security to the _invest-nent of capitahn the sugar plantations in the West "todieBj in Mauritius , and , above all , ia , the . East -Indies , there would be an ample supply of sugar for * the consumption of this country , He did not deny that if slave-grown sugar were admitted into the _marftots of this country , the country would gain Id . a pound in the price of its sugar ; but the country had a

      right to expect better things from tbe increased produce of sugar in the East Indies and the Mauritius , and from the restored produce of the West Indies , if the Government would only consent to facilitate the introduction of" free labour into the plantations ef those colonies , and would continue to the planters theprotcction which they now enjoyed , He calculated that the supply of sugar for the next year would amount not to 280 , 000 , as Lord John Rus 9 ell contended , but to 340 , 000 tons . The greatest consumption ever known . in this country did not exceed 246 , 000 tons , and tbat being the case , he considered that , without seeking aid ironi the slave colonies of other countries , there would be an ample provision for the consumption of GreatBritain . He admitted that his calculation was founded on the

      supposition that the price of sugar was not materiall y diminished ; for it was quite clear that if it were diminished 0 s . a cwt ., as Lord J . Russell anticipated it would be , by the introduction of Brazilian and Cuban sugar , it would no longer be profitable to cultivato sugar- in the East _Indies'lbr the 'B _» itikh ' vnai < ket . But it was said that the principles of free trade required that we should open our markets to the sugar of the Brazila , in order that the Brazils _mijzht open their markets to our manufactures . To this argument he replied , that if we gained a market for our manufactures in the Brazils , we should lose itin the East Indies , ' and . in our-. other colonies ; Land , moreover , should bring oh the natives deeper distress than that which we had already inflicted on them by destroying entirely their manufacturing industry .

      Ile then entered upon the revenue part ot the question , and observed , that he could not understand how Loid J . Russell arrived at his conclusion , that he should gain i 2725 , 000 more of revenue by his scheme of sugar duties than Mr . Goulburn would have been enabled to obtain by his scheme , No more revenue would be derived lrom British plantation sugar under one scheme than the other . 11 * 20 , 000 tons of free labour sugar were to come in under the noble lord ' s scheme , at 21 s , a cwt ,, they would equally come in under Chat , of Mr . Goulburn , at 10 a . Oil . aewt . Supposing , then , that Lord J . Russell got ls . Cd , a cwt . more than Mr . Goulburn for his free labour sugar , he would only get £ 23 , 000 more than Mr . Goulburn in that way . Even supposing that the consumption increased to 280 , 000 tons , which was 40 , 000 tons more

      than our greatest consumption , and that all that increase was made up of slave-grown sugar , he would only obtain £ 421 , 000 of revenue lrom slave-grown sugar , so that at the utmost Lord J . Russell would not obtain £ 440 , 000 more than Mr . Goulburn . For his own part , he believed that £ 23 , 333 was all the sain in point of revenue , which Lord J . Russell would derive from his plan for letting into our markets the sugar of Cuba and Brazils . Such being the tact , he implored his noble friend-not'to press on a measure so materially affecting the revenue at the present advanced period of the session . The last time these duties were discussed , the discussion' in the committee took up eight nights ; and if they were to he discussed at the same length now , or even at that length which their importance deserved ,-and if

      at the end of that and the subsequent discussions they should be passed , there would be no Peers in the House of Lords to receive the bill founded upon them . He then entered upon the last division of his subject—that connected with slavery , on which he said thnt the question resolved itself into this—Would the people of England have slavery and sugar two-third 3 of a penny a pound cheaper , or would they be content to pay that sum for sugar grown by the hands of free British industry ? Were they tired of their past exertions for the emancipation ofthe slave , or did they repent the £ 20 , 000 , 000 which they had paid for it ? They were now paying £ 1 , 500 , 000 , and employing 15 ships of war , and a considerable number of sailors , for the repression ofthe nefarious and diabolical slave trade : and would they render

      themselves supremely ridiculous inthec ) es ofall the world , by contributing at the same time £ 1 , 500 , 000 to £ 2 , 000 , 000 to the profits of the slave dealers of Cuba and Brazils , by assenting to these resolutions ? He showed , by reference to some horrible and disgusting cruelties inflicted on the slaves in a slave ship of a Brazilian planter of the name of Fonseca , that there was nothing in the present modo of conducting the slave trade to reconcile the feelings of Englishmen to it . The statement he was goiug to make as to the Kentucky rested on the authority of an English sailor , whose name was William Page . His account was , that there were 500 in all on board when the vessel sailed , but that about a dozen died , and 40 men and one woman were hung or shot during the passage , so

      that about 440 were landed at Cape Frio . W lien tlie slaves _camf on board tliey were all put in irons ; and here they found described to their hand ihe nature ofa slave ship . The size of the vessel between the solid deck and the beam was only two feet ten inches . The number of slaves , according to the size of the vessel , _shou'd have been 299 . * it being 07 feet long by 21 broad , and only of 100 tons . Now , every person connected with our mercantile marine knew that three persons were allowed for five tons * but here , on the contrary , therewore something like four or five men to the ton , and the poor wretches were shackled two and two , and thrust into a vessel where there was only two feet ten inches between the deck and tho beam . The account went on to state that thev were all out in irons . When the weather was

      good many of tho negroes were on deck , but in stormy weather they were all below . The day after the vessel crossed tivo bar , and had left Kingham Bay , thc captain armed the cre . w with pistols and cutlasses , and sent tiiem among the slaves , whose irons had been taken off , and who had risen against the crew , and there they remained for half an hour or more , shooting and cutting at the wretched beings , nor did they require any encouragement to do so , as they seemed to like the sport . The slaves were then taken on deck and ironed afresh , and put below , _^ except about siven , who were retained on deck . None , he observed , were killed on that occasion , but nine or ten were wounded . The crew fired with balls in their pistols and shot in their muskets , and he _belifivcil that tho reason none were killed was that thej

      tired through the hatchways , & c , and that the slaves « ot out of their way ns much as possible . The next day they were brought on deck , two Ior three dozen at a time , and tried by thc captain and the officers ; and two or three days afterwards , 40 men and one woman were hung and shot and thrown overboard . And what kind of punishment was this ? Had it anything in it liko thc mercy ofthe new dropat _INewgnte * A rope was put round their necks , and they were drawn up to the yard-arm in such a way as not to be killed , but to a degree choked , and they were then shot in thc breast and thrown o verboard . Ihe noble lord read further details of the horrid cruelties perpetrated upon these wretched negroes by the nv _™ sometimes two or three wore drawn up and

      hung _together—about a dozen had their legs chopped off , andln this situation they were hungup , and then _ahot in tho breast . When the feet fell on the deck , they were picked up by tho crew and thrown into thc sea , and sometimes at the body from which they had been cut , as it hung , still living ,, at the yardarm , Could anything , asked the noble lord , be more terrible—more devilish than this ? ( Cheers . ) Thc statement then went on to say that when the woman was hung she was thrown overboard still living ; and that after all this horrible work was over , thej brought up about twenty persons , who were flogged , and then laid upon their backs . All thc women who were flogged died . During the rest of the passage , tliose wlio had been flogged lay on tlieir bellies , and the flesh of some of them who had been severely

      Hogged ptitrificd _, and came oh " sometimes to the extent of sis or eight inches , and half an inch thick . Sueli was thc character of skive-trading in modern tunes . ( Hear , hoar . ) And this was the traffic that six years ago Mr . Buxton said consumed 250 , 000 pcr _.-ons a-year while Lord Aberdeen , in 1 S _4-1 , stated , that in his opinion , thc average number of slaves _impyi'tfi from Africa lo the _Suauish West Indies , was ioo , ui . 'i "

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      cSii EIea _! 5 ' lieai _' _- _> _HoiWdsMribed the wretched SS ; _twtfpmt ' of the slaves in Cuba and S t _^^^^^ _e whether _itVould-- a SeT _andi T' _$ humane-planters in tho East andBririU a e f wre tcbe 8 _who cultivated _sugai _^^ _Cubas the _vEfeaoh _^ e _^^ _r _^ ld _; addf £ 18 _" _^ Portugal * _and »!? h " - ; _theclonies of SpainUnd _^ : _^ tiono & _es _^^ _wHsX wouiu sen « out ship atterBhip't » bribe fresh _eamoesr t > , of human misery , to their _guWiAoS _^ _AfKfe eloquent peroration ; Jn wfioh _^ _SmedK ? S _4 principal arguments , heconcluded _^ . moving , _^ rhS _^ m _pMmnt state of the _augar _cUiv _^ ux _^ kri Brituih _t Easfc _. and x _West _Indian' _possesions''the prow : & _posedfeduction ; of duty ; upon ; foTeig *\ fnave % tdwhr » sugarJs ' alike . iunju 8 t _/ _andrimpolitici'sw _i _tend _^ _-to / o _^ _dheckiheadvahM of p _^ j _$ uj _^^ labour . _";;^ . -.--JV ; ; _?; , ? -: i ¦ ¦ ' _«'•* _iMSte-nitiSJi _- ' ij * ' _s'i- >// -iki ' _nix " ansa

      - <' .- The _tjBANJcBLioR-o f the- Exchequer _/ followed LoroT _* ' ' - " G . Beritinck v through . ' each '/ . ; of thei three hesd 9 * ibti >' - 'r _whichrhe had divided this important subject' * * After- ' ''* dwelling on the importance of * providing ah ad « _qua'te - -i 8 n PP'y of sugar , whicli , from a luxury ; had beeorihT - "ir » necessary article of sustenance to the people b ? this - " eOTmtry , he proceeded'to show that the demand for sugar waa now greater , and the rise in its price wa » now higher , than it was when the Jate _government * " * S _jv l * . * ' fcrei B ' free-labour sugar come into ' _w £ < rt , t , on with sugar the produce of our own _pos-r _?; . _w _k _' _? _v * _^ « ° » twMl _- that the sam e . _considera--:- _' _iftflESSr * h _^ 1 Bduce <* the late government to _JefS _^ ¦ _ISSy _^ T _^' T _" _* " _^ - _^ " _«« l : Miepresent gfe _* SS S Ir T _' _fe- _^ Hrsugar . also : The : Conj * _H sumption of the last year . exceeded . that of the _Drfe-Vot

      ceding year by 3 G , 00 Q tons ,- The . price _washighefe of tZ 5 . _S r _- ha _? _# _* as ln J ™« _WeaftiJ vf liie supply of sugar had also failed ; for , whereas _^!"& _w Mr . , _brfadstone- bad estimated the supply of freeV _^ v -: labour sugar for theyea * at 20 , 600 tons , it hadbee _^ " ; onder . 4 800 '; tons , and the , whole supply for the _hwfc ' _^ _-3 hnre quarters did not exceed 4 r , lS 0- tons . Having thus _"'* ** shown that the measures ofthe late government to procure an _adequateaupply of _suga * had _lailedy be - proceeded to argue that the estimated supply of sugar - lor the next year , whieh had been developed to the _i house-by Lord & . Bentinck , was grossly exaggerated , and more particularly that portion of it which waa to come from the East Indies . Having shown tbat - Lord G . . Bentinck ' s estimate of the supply of sugar was greater , and of the consumption lessthan thafc ;

      , on which we had a right to calculate , he proceeded to examine his observations on the revenue to he derived from the new scheme of sugar duties , and in so doing enteredihto a detailed view of the income and expenditure of the country . He observed that Mr . Goulburn had only left him a surplus of £ 70 , 000 and expressed his fears that before the end of the session he should be' obliged to bring forward several supplemental estimates . He hoped to reinforce ihe revenue by this measure ; and such reinforcement was not only desirable , but was absolutely indispensable ; for he calculated that at the end of the year there would be a deficiency of £ 350 , 000 owing to tho " increased" expenditure which ' we should be compelled to make on various heads , which he enumerated in detail : and which he

      considered tobe necessary t » the safety of the stater and the maintenance ot our honour and credit , He then replied to the arguments of Lord G . Bentinck on the last of the three heads into which he had divided this subject . He wondered hew those who used _slave-grown cotton , slave-grown toffe _^ slave-extracted copper , and slave-grown tobacco , could say that by negativing these resolutions they _, would be discouraging slavery and the slave trade _, lie charged the noble lord with having laid down principles on thnt subject which he could not carry into effect , and with seeking to deprive the people of England of an article which was all but a _necessary of life , for tho sake of carrying outa visionary scheme of impracticable humanity . In conclusion , he _expressed a confident hope that the results of the

      change now proposed would not be injurious to the West Indian interest ., whilst he was certain that lb would " "be productive of great benefit to the merchant , the manufacturer , and the shipowner , and , above all , the labouring population of ; Great Britain . Sir R . Inglis thought the house indebted to Lord G . Bentinck for proposing this amendment , and for supporting ifc by a speech full " of facts , in which every fact was an argument . During the whole o £ the Chancellor ofthe Exchequer ' s reply he . could not help fancying that time aud space had been annihilated , and that he was listening , in May 1847 , to the speech of a Minister _apologising for a . deficiency of £ 350 , 000 which he found in his budget , and declining to tell the house whether he would make up that deficiency by thc transactions of legitimate comn , erce , or by the blood of the tortured slave .

      Lord Sasdox supported the government measure , as , when once the market was opened , there was ho .. . means of discouraging slavery . . . _^ y „ . , ; ,. _! _v- _^ Mr . GnANTLEY . BEHKELEYW _^ sure , _provide'd free trade principles were carried but by allowing the ' introduction of freelabour into . our colonies . . "" y _^ . y _^ ' Sii * J . W . Hogg supported the Government , but hoped that sugar and molasses would be allowed in distillation , and tbat rum would be admitted at equal duties with British , Irish , and Scotch spirits . Mr . G . IIopk thought the measure was one of gros 3 injustice towards the West India proprietor .

      _iiir R Pkel observed , that Lord George Bentinck was perfectly correct instating that he had announced at tne commencement ofthe session a measure for the introduction of foreign sugar very different from that proposed by Lord J . Russell . That measure would have given greater encouragement than the present resolutions to tho admission of free-labour _* sugar , and would have continued the _exclusiun of slave-labour sugar . He had always felt that this _question of admitting slave labour sugar was excepted from the category of free-trade . lie thought that this country stood in a special relation to the West India colonics . "We had emancipated their slaves , and had given them an apparently magnificent compensation wns a matter of doubt ; but be tbat a 9

      it might , it placed tin ** country m a position of « me difficulty with respect to tbe West Indus . He had therefore been of opinion that considi _rab-e time ought to be allowed to the West Indies before they were called on to compete with slave labour sugar , and in that opinion he was confirmed by the dictum of Mr . Deacon Hume . We had also constituted ourselves the police of tho sea for the suppression of slavery , and that increased the difficulty of our position _, in all that had been said by Lord G . Bentinck respecting the abomination of the traffic in slaves , it was impossible not to agree . Nevertheless , entertaining such . opinions , aud having great apprehensions of the measure now proposed , and fearing ihat it would sive a great stimulus to slave trade , bo had

      come to the conclusion , though not without great hesitation and reluctance , that he must give it his support . In coming to that conclusion , he was obliged to consider the present situation of parties and the prospect of forming another Government . He agreed with Lord G . Bentinck , that no sham or _deltislveopposition ought to be offered to these resolutions , and that if an opposition were offered to them , it ought to be ono intended to be successful aud __ fatal . He believed that hy a combination of panics it would bu possible to displace Lord John Russell , _ or at any rate to prevent his success upon these duties , but then he could not refrain from asking himself

      whether it would be consistent wilh his character to lend himself to such a combination , and bis conviction was that it would not be consistent . Lord John Russell had made a proposal for the final adjustment of this question , and ho was not surprised that the noble Lord had done so . Tho noble Lord might have adjourned the consideration of it to another session ; but he thought that it was better that the noble Lord had made it at once , as he would oilier wise have kept the country in great uncertainty . He then reminded the house that those who compelled Lord J . Russell to abdicate power were bound to ask themselves whether they were prepared to take it . Two

      _Governments had existed during the lust six weeks . _Shuu-. d a third be now formed ? On what principle ? Should i . be on the principle of restoring the late _Govi-i _nmi-nt ? He said No , Should the Protectionists be called to power , who would not only defeat this measure , but would also revoke the measure which had just been passed ? The hoii _' _-e and the country both said , ' No . " Considering , then , that if an opposition were made to this measure , it ought not to be a . sham , but , if possible , a successful opposition ; he declared that he was not prepared to take upon himself tho responsibility and the consequences which must

      attend success . Ile therefore felt bound to support these resolutions , from a conviction that so long as uncertainty prevailed upon them , there would nut be that stimulus given to _Unemployment of labour and capital in the British sugar colonies whieh was essential to their success . Entertaining a conviction that at no remote period these resolutions , if oljstructed now , must be carried hereafter , and that the _ncble Lord was best entitled to the credit of carrying them , he had come , though not without reluctance , to the conclusion to support them in principle , and not to embarrass the Government by any opposition to them in detail .

      Sir T . Acland expressed great _indijinalion that Sir R . Peel had rested his vote , on this occasion , upon the stale of parlies in that house , _*> _ul « p <> " the mode in which thc Government would be affected by it . He should certainly vote against throwing the English market open to sugar obtained by cruelties which wo had endeavoured to put down , at every cost save that oi character . __ On thc motion of Mr . _BoivtuwicK . the dcoate waa then adjourned . ,. . _,. „ ,.. i The utliurorderaortho day were disposed ol , -J « the house adjourned at haif' -past one . HOUSE OF LORD S—Tur . sr . AV , Jw . v 23 .

      The Knrl of _Sim-TRa-wav _ti-. uk his scat un tllC W _S u ; t ? Oo , i 1 , _- b _.-o _.., htupSSvcral Biiis _' prating their Lordships * _concur-viiee , ( Continued to tho _£ iy ' - _^ - >

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Aug. 1, 1846, page 1, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_01081846/page/1/