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      March 3l 1849 « * 1 _ The, Northern Star...

      March 3 L 1849 « * 1 _ THE , NORTHERN STAR . . ~~ r ^ ^ ^ ^»_^ —^_^___ ^ ¦—* - — ¦— _ _ . . « J

      Vortrv. F*V*.

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      ODE TO HUMAN KEfD . ( ByDoDSUtt . Extracted from « j ^ Meat for the StuinUh Multitude . " ) Is there , or do the Schoolmen dream ? Is there on earth a power supreme , The Delegate . of Heaven I To whomanuncontrolTd command , In cv ry realm , o ' er seas and land , By special grace is given ? Then say -what signs this God proclaim * Dwells he amidst the diamond flame , A throne his haHow * d shrine ? Alas ! the pomp , the arm'd array , Want , fear , and impotence betray . Strange proofs of power divine ! If service due from human kind , To mea In swxnr vh ease reclin'd ,

      Can form a sovereign ' s claim , Hail Afonarchs ! ye whom Heaven ordains , Our toils unshar'd—to share our gains , Ye idiots blind and lame ! Superior virtue , wisdom , might Create aud mark the ruler ' s right , So HEAsos must conclude—Then thine it is to whom belong , The wise , the virtuous , and the strong , Thrice sacked multitude . In thee , vast all I are these contain'd , Tor these are these , thy parts ordain'd , So Nature ' s , g [ 3 tems roll : The sceptre ' s thine , if such , there he , If none there is—then thou art fkee , Cheat monabch ! ' mighty whole I

      Xet the proud tyrant rest his cause On faith , prescription , force , or laws , An host ' s or senate ' s voice , IHis voice affirms thy stronger due , "Who for the many . made the few , Aud gave the species choice . TTnsanctify'd by th y ^ command , Unown'd by thee , the sceptre'd hand , The trembling slave may bind ; But loose from Nature ' s moral ties , The oath by force impos'd , belies The unassentin" mind .

      Tire will ' s thy rule—thy good its end ; You punish only to . defend , "What parent Xature gave ; And he who dare her gifts invade , By ^ atures ' s oldest law is made , Thy victim or thy slave . Thus reason sounds the just decree , On universal liberty , 2 fot private rights resign'd : Through , various ^ Nature ' s wide extent , Xo i-nivATEBBises e ' er were meant , To hurt the oes bal kind . Avails it thee , if ose devours Or cesser spoilers share his powers , While both thy claim oppose ? Jsfonsters who wore thy sully d crown , Tyrants who pullM those monsters down , Alike to thee were foes .

      Tar other shone fair Freedom ' s hand , Far other was the immortal stand , Vflien Hampden fought for theei They snatch'd from rapine ' s grief thy spoils , The fruits and prize of glorious toils . Of arts and industry . The foes , with fronts of brass , invade ; Thy friends afford a timid aid , And yield up half thy right ? Ev ' n Locks beams forth a mingled ray , . Afraid to pour the flood of day , On man ' s too feeble sight . OI shall the bought and buying tribe , The slaves who take and deal the bribe , A people ' s claims enjoy ! -So India ' s murd ' rera hope to gain , The powers and "virtues of the slain . . Of wretches they destroy .

      ¦ " Avert it , Heav ' n ! you love the brave , " Tou hate the treach ' rous willing slave , " The self-devoted head ; " 5 or shall an hireling ' s voice convey , " That sacred prize to lawless sway / " For which a nation bled . "

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      U3bef0smed Abuses In Church And State: W...

      U 3 BEF 0 SMED ABUSES IN CHURCH AND STATE : with a preliminary tractate on the Continental Revolutions . By Jonx Wade . AtiTH :: Ci .: ? . v--l . ' jt liirii' -y «' ' -. tv * . is Onse "Ke-,:. ; - ; - ; ---- -. ii ; - ! t ; ix < . " 'o r- ! t > ia 5 i . ives the special 1-iUi ¦ ¦ ¦ : - ' . "" ii .-.- ^ i-s V cuv ; aiejtiSfciiDwlsuilir ^ ¦• ; .-r ..-..- ;;'; . v .-i" :.. ^ -pyi . -ir fc > . "f ,:. >;• ; wo « icvi > :. ' :. : ' -.- !< I' * r ? ome obiiiratkui to them for

      > . ¦ .- l -i iui : ; - are doing "j ovvrhuuiifig ailu . - ' : ;• . ixtruxaugances and extortions of our rulers . An enlightened "impatience of taxation" oh the part of the people is likely to be one g ood result ofthe present movement . But a mere impatience of taxation will not liring "FiuaiicialKeform . " Mr . COBDENmay talk , Mr . Wade may write , and the Liverpool "Ke & rmers" may print ton-loads of tracts , tut all in rain so long as the tax-eaters can

      command a majority in both Houses of Parliament . Those who imagine that because Free Trade has been carried , "Financial Reform " will also be carried in the Parliament as at present constituted , will , we predict , find themselves lamentabl y deceived . But from their disappointment good will flow . The "Financial , " will be driven into becoming Parliamentary Reformers . A veritable reform of the representation obtained , we shall have Financial Reform—and something mare !

      This volume unveils a picture of oligarchical abuses perfectl y revolting to look upon . Taxation , the Debt , the Civil List , tha Crown Lands , the Colonies , the Church , the Army 2 favy , and Ordnance are amongst the subjects treated of in this volume . The author justly deserves praise for the extraordinary labour and ability he has brought to the work of compiling this epitome of really useful knowledge . "W e give the following extracts taken at random ; they will afford the reader a faint idea ofthe truly interesting contents of this publication : —

      A XAVT WEIA OFFICERED . For every linc-of-battle ship in commission there are three admirals , twelve captains , and fifty lieutenants . The committee on the navy estimates proposed that the number of admirals should be reduced from 150 to 100 . Tliis was resisted by the Admiralty Secretary , who said that the CaptumS looked forward to be admirals , and , of course , that it was necessary to keep up 1-50 to gratify them . -Just as if an extra number of-judges , I ^ ord ChanceUors , or uishops , should he kept on full or halfpay , Jtli'lt barristers or clergymen may not be disappointed of promotion . In 1792 , there were only sixty-nine admirals , and now , after thirty-three years of peace , almost treble the number is thought desirable : and by whom ?

      THE WOODS AX » FORESTS . The revenue ofthe Woods and Forests arises from the sale of timber , wood , and hark , but small are the net proceeds that reach the public treasury . In 1847 , the income amounted to . £ 44 , 245 , and the expenditure to £ 3-5 , 839 , ( Par . Pap . No . 191 , Sess . 1343 . ) In forty-four years to 1847 , the average net income received each vear from theXew Forest was £ 3 , 618 , or 9 d . an acre . Of this forest 20 , 000 acres lie waste , though good land , fit for the growth of timber ( IJcport p . 127 ) , and close on the London circuit ofthe General Post Office . From the extraordinary disbursements in metropolitan improvements , in palace building aud alterations , and on objects of questionable or exaggerated utilitv . verr

      little of the entire landed revenues ofthe Crown is available for the public service . ' For the year ending January 5 , 1843 , the net income from the -croirn lands was £ 77 , 000 ; from the small branches Of the hereditary revenues , £ 8 , 150 , making altogether £ 85 , 150 , the residue oCabont lialf-a-million having -vanished m transitu to" the Exchequer , leaving a very reduced representative ofthe ancient patrimony of the Crown set apart to defray the « eueral expenses of our monarchical government . In the same year the sum paid for the expenditure of the Civil List was £ 393 , 932 , so that , in actual receipt , the public has much the worst of tho bargain with the Crown , receiving a small equivalent for the life annuity settled on the Queen by parliamentary contract . • : "

      fttOCUKBS OF OOVEB ^ MEST EXTRAVAGANCE . without dwelling on trivialities , let us try to fix on general results , on tho comparative expenditure « f tie present and former reigns , and what may be saved by approximating a .-little nearer to old times . During ' the following reigns to the present , in time of peace , exclusive of interest on the debt , the government expenditure appears to have been as under : — George ! about ... £ 2 , 583 , 000 George IL about 2 , 700 , 000 OebrgclIL ( 1732 ) 7 , 670 , 000 George TV . ( 1838 ) 21 , 407 , 670 IVHliauiIV . ( 1835 ) 15 , 884 , 619 Victoria ( 1 S 43 ) ....... 24 , 280 , 804 vTi'geJW the strong and reasonable demands of t people , the government made vigorous efforts i « econ omise , and the expenditure under William V was reduced neai-lv six millions . These efforts

      U3bef0smed Abuses In Church And State: W...

      ceased immediatel y popular vigilance was withdrawn , and each year the expenditure steadily increased . The present government has arrived at an unparalleled height of extravagance , the expenditure of 1848 exceeding that of 1835 by one-half . This enormous increase has resulted chiefl y from the increase of military and naval expense , and far exceeds all precedent in time of peace . For illustration let us contrast the cost of the peace establishment before the last war , with that inflicted on us in the thirty-third year of peace , and the discrepancy is extraordinary . We subjoin the comparison : — Tear 1792 . Year 1848 . Army £ 2 , 330 , 349 £ 7 , 540 , 404 Ifavy 1 , 9 S 5 , 4 S 2 8 , 013 , 873 Ordnance 444 , 863 2 , 947 , 860

      £ 4 , 760 , 694 £ 18 , 502 , 146 Exhibiting nearly a fourfold Increase since 1 T 92 . Our more extended forei gn possessions will partly account for the augmentation of forces , but , as respects the army , this defence cannot apply to the household troops , as they are never sent abroad in time of peace . Yet in this branch ofthe service the increase has been the greatest ; the rank and file of the four regiments of guards , and the dragoons , amounting , in 1792 , only to 14 , 212 men . For a full account of what we may call Mr , "Wade ' s Budget , we must refer the reader to the volume . The following is a summary of the

      SCOCBSTEn REDUCTIONS OF EXPENDITURE . Interest of the funded debt , reduced onesixth £ 4 , 617 , 538 Civil list and royal household reduced ... 250 , 000 Annuities of the members of the royal family reduced 79 , 000 Salaries of 25 , 000 placemen , £ 3 , 000 , 000 , reduced by a graduated scale , but making an aggregate saving of 1 , 000 , 000 Hereditary pensions on the revenue abolished 20 , 000 Parliamentary pensions for civil , military , naval , and judicial services ( Annual Finance Accounts for 1848 ) reduced one-third 78 , 000 Diplomatic salaries and pensions reduced one-third 58 , 472 Armv , navy , and ordnance , reduced to standard of 1 * 36 5 , 214 , 374

      Total of Reduction £ 11 , 317 , 384 We earnestly recommeud this volume to our readers ; being persuaded that its extensive circulation will do much to arouse the public to a sense of the necessity of a Radical Reform of Parliament—the only means of ensuring the sweeping away ofthe Unreformed Abuses in Church and State .

      Chartist Tracts Fob The Times. No. Iii.—...

      CHARTIST TRACTS FOB THE TIMES . No . III . —Bobberies of the Landed Aristocracy . By the Kirkdale Chartist Prisoners . Published by J . Barker , lYortley , near Leeds ; and Watson , Queen ' s Head-passage , Paternoster'Tow , London . FkomNo . H . of these valuable tracts we gave an extract in last Saturday's " Star . " No . IIL is decidedly a still better pennyworth than either Nos . 1 or H . We strongly advise our Kirkdale friends to send copies to the ex-Whig Chancellor . Sis appetite for useful knowledge is well known ; and there can be no doubt that when he has read the following extract , " his lordship " will hasten to apprise our friends of his desire to have placed at the head of each tract ;— "Under the patronage of LordBnouGHAM . "

      THE IXFAMOUS LAXD-LORD 3 . The Puke of Sutherland , although possessed of large estates in England , claims the ownership of 1 , 100 , 000 acres ol land in Scotland . The number of inhabitants on that vast tract is estimated to be under six thousand . They are principally engaged in tending flocks of sheep , and herds of cattle , and live in miserable sheds called "Boothies . " The power which this Duke possesses , and abuses , is a fair index of tho whole tribe of lordlings , and a bitter sarcasm on what is foolishly termed , " our constitutional rights . " We hare shown in the previous number that those men have stripped the throne of allbut the semblance of authority . Lot

      , us see how they exercise thc-ir own . It appear : that bis Grace ! has a peciikr coi ! .: o /' lv >* cwi for ti . o £ ftvtv ( i . Vi"iii of hi * se-TjV . A-: c >>; "Jing j . \ , \< j penal euactuifitts . if any oi' hi .- ; n .-trf'm- ! : « shri ' . y ii . ua the temerity to enter the : ± -:, of ni . ' un . moiiv k ' oic iU-. v arrive at the . ig- ,- of flurry , ineyare tin-- ; en : inoniyiisjy ejected from hi ; Grace ' s > ' ?¦>}¦ ¦¦ ¦ - tii . : nd , ihonUl aiiy " eonip . a > s . ; on ; trerei .-itive dare to sholter the delinquent , tlioy also are dismissed , and t !; : ir inisLiable "boothie" levelled to the ground as a memento of their heinous crime . Also , if a young female should unfortunately swerve from the paths of virtue and become an unwedded mother ,

      she is also placed under the ban of outlawry , and her parents subjected to the same penalty should they dare to afford her shelter . By such proceedings as this , his lordship has nearly depopulated that portion of Scotland which is cursed by his away , in order to make more room for breeding cattle , which lie no doubt believes to be the most profitable . The Dukes of Athol and Buccleugh have also furnished their quota towards disgusting the public with lordly domination , by endeavouring to wall in the face of nature from public view . Surely those men must calculate largely en tho nation ' s endurance .

      The system of plunder and murder carried on in London and all other large towns by landlords , through the instrumentality of " groundrent , " "house-rent , " & c , is admirably exposed in tbistract . So alsoistherobbcryof the rights of the poor by " enclosure nets . " The mismanageinentof the Crown Lands , and many other matters of vital import , are treated of in a manner that "he who runs may read ; " and reading , understand ; and understanding , resolve to reform the system altogether . The professed Chartist who has not yet made himself acquainted with these tracts , has neglected a duty , and passed by a treat of no ordinary kind , " AU who read this number cannot fail to be impatient for No . IV .

      The Ethnological Journal. March. London ...

      The Ethnological Journal . March . London R . Hardwicke , li , Clemonts-Iane , Strand . ClKCUMSTAXCES , which it is not necessary we should particularise , have prevented an earlier notice of this month ' s number of the Ethnological Journal . We are gratified by observing that the friends and supporters of this publication arc in course of rendering the aid required by its present necessities . If the

      assistance , so well commenced , is furnished on a sufficientl y extended scale , the editor will surmount all present difficulties , and be enabled to establish his magazine on a firm foundation ; " a consummation devoutly to be wished " by all interested in the progress of that great branch of knowledge comprised in the three important words— "Man , know thvself ! "

      Papers on " The origin of some of the Berber Tribes of Nubia and Libya ; " "The Theories of Spontaneous Generation , and the Progressive Evolution of Species ; " and " The Mythological Interpretation of the History of Eomulus , " will be found in the present number .

      The History Of Ireland. Byt. Wkight, M.A...

      The History of Ireland . ByT . Wkight , M . A ., F . S . A ., & c , & c . Part 7 . Loudon : J . and F . Tallis , 100 , St . John-street . This part opens with "BookIII ., " devoted to " The Age ofthe Reformation . " The earlier chapters of this " Book" are , however , principally occupied with the daring rebellion of " Silken Thomas , " son ofthe Earl of Kildare . The story is an exciting one , and , from the commencement of the rebellion to the execution ofthe six Geraldines , is well told . The tremendous act of excommunication against " Silken Thomas " and the murderers of Archbishop Allen , is a rich illustration of priestly cursing in the " good old times . " This part contains a beautiful steel engraving of the Death of Brian Born .

      Mr. Moxnir , Well Known As The Proprieto...

      Mr . Moxnir , well known as the proprietor ofthe Dall of Commerce , died , a few days since , after a short illness , and which , according to the general belief , was occasioned , to a great extent , by the ill success of his undertaking , which must have entailed severe loss upon him . Mr . Moxhay was of somewhat bnuqw manners , but of excellent intentions , and even beyond what his means mi ght be hold to justify , according to wdrdly appreciation , was a liberal contributor to various charities , both from his purse , and in placing his splendid hall at the disposal of the committees who superintended the periodical meetings . A fine coat often covers an intolerable fool , but never conceals one .

      "Pigs' Meat For The Swinish Multitude." ...

      " PIGS' MEAT FOR THE SWINISH MULTITUDE . " Some weeks ago we gave an account of the trial of Thomas Spence the Agrarian Reformer . In the notice of his life which accompanied the report of his trial , we made allusion to a work published by him entitled " Pigs Meat for the Swinish Multitude . " Having the loan of a volume of that publication , which seems to consist almost entirely of " selected pieces , " we give the following extracts therefrom : — .

      FREEDOM OP SPEECH . ( From Cato ' s Letters . ) Without freedom of thought , there can be no such thing as wisdom ; and no such thing as public liberty , without freedom of speech : which is tbe right of every man , as far as by it he does n ot hurt and control the right of another ; and this is the only check which it ought to suffer , the only bounds which it ought to know . This sacred privilege is bo essential to free government that the security of property and the freedom of speech always go together ; and in those wretched countries where a man cannot call his tongue his own , he can scarce call anything else his own . Whoever would-overthrow the liberty of the

      nation must begin by subduing the liberty of speech ; a thing terrible to public traitors . This secret was so well known to the court of King Charles the First that hi » wicked ministry procured a proclamation to forbid tho people to talk of parliaments , which those traitors had laid aside . To assert the undoubted right of the subject ; and defend his majesty ' s legal prerogative , was called disaffection , and punished as sedition . Say , people were forbid to talk of reli g ion in their farmlies ; for the priests , too , had combined to cook up tyranny , and suppress truth and the Jaw . While the late King James , when Duke of York , went avowedly to mass , men were fined , imprisoned , and undone , for saying he was a papist : and that King Charles the

      Second might live more securely a papist , there was an act of parliament made declaring it treason to say that he was one . That men ought to speak well of their governors is true , while their governors deserve to be well spoken of ; but to do public mischief without hearing of it , is only tho prerogative and felicity of tyranny : a free people will be showing thatthey are so by their freedom of speech . The administration of government is nothing else but the attendance of the trustees of the people upon the interest and affairs of the people . And as it is the part and business of the people , for whose sake alone all public matters are or ought to be transacted , to see whether thev be well or ill

      transacted ; so it is the interest , and ought to be the ambition , of all honest magistrates to nave their deeds openly examined and publicly scanned ; only tho wicked governors of men dread what is said of them . Freedom of speech is the great bulwark of liberty ; they prosper and die together ; and it is the terror of traitors and oppressors , and a barrier against them . It produces excellent writers , and encourages men of fine genius . Tacitus tells us , that the Roman commonwealth bred great and numerous authors , who wrote with equal boldness and eloquence ; but when it was enslaved , those great wits were no more . Tyramry had usurped the place of equality , which is the soul of liberty , and destroyed public courage . The minds of men , terrified b y unjust power , degenerated into all the vilencss

      and methods of servitude ; abject sycophancy and blind submission grew the only means of preferment , and , indeed , of safety ; men durst not open their mouths but to flatter . Pliny , the younger , observes , that this dread of tyranny had such effect that the senate , the great lloman senate , became at last stupid and dumb . Hence , says he , our spirit and genius are stupified , broken , and sunk for ever . And in one of his epistles , speaking of tho works of his uncle , he makes an apology for ei g ht of them , as not written with the same vigour which was to be found in the rest , for that these eig ht were written in the reign of A ero , when the spirit of writing was cramped with fear . I have long thought that the world are very much mistaken in their ideas and distinction of libels . It

      has been hitherto generally understood that there are no other libels but those against magistrates , and those against private men ; now to me there seems to lie a thirds-. * -- . .- . ibcls , full as destructive as .-viiy •*! ' iUe forme . ' " ¦ ssibly be , I moan libels . -igaiust the people . ; otherwise at Athens and itomo ; where , 0 . - ;• :-. ' tieulai- nio »> , and even gre / tt men , were oi : : : v ; ued with much iAV . ir . r . a v . T . 'i severity "inn they ik-v wed it ; yet the per / pie , the body of tlw peops-v , ^ n-a spoktn ol with the utmost regard and reverence : tile sacred privileges of the piopic . the inviolable majesty ofthe people , and the unappealable judgment of the people , were phrases common in those wise , great , and free cities .

      Other modes of speech are since grown fashionable , and popular madness is now almost proverbial ; but this madness of theirs , whenever it happens , is dorived from external causes . Oppression , they say , will make a wise man mad ; and delusion has not less force ; but where there are neither oppression nor impostors , the judgment of the people in the business of property , the preservation of which is the principal business of government , docs rarely err . Perhaps they are destitute of grimace , mystery , reserve , and other accomplishments of courtiers ; but as these are only masks to conceal the absence of honesty and sense , the people , who possess as they do the substance , have reason to despise such insip id and contemptible shadows .

      "HEY ! FOR THE LIFE OF A SOLDIER . " BY VOLTAIRE . " Tou must drink the King of Bulgaria ' s health , " said the soldiers , " he is the best of kings . " " Most willingly , " replied Candida , and drank . " Sow you are a brave fellow , " said they , " you are become his support , his defender , one ofthe heroes of Bulgaria ; your fortune is made , your fame eternal . " They then put handcuffs on his wrists , and conducted him to the regiment . There they made him turn to the right , wheel to the left , shoulder his musket , rest upon Ins arms , present , fir & , march and countermarch ; in return for which the drill Serjeant gave him some thirty strokes with the cane . The next day he performed his exercise better , and received only twenty . On the morrow they gave him but ten , and all his comrades regarded him as a prodigy of genius .

      The astonished Candida could not conceive by what enchantment he had become a hero . One pleasant morning in spring , when the birds were singing , and the trees beginning to bloom , he thought proper to take a walk . Proceeding in a light lino , and supposing it was the privilege of the human species , like other animals , to make use of their legs , he had not gone above two leagues , before six other heroes , each of six feet high , overtook him , bound him , and threw him into a dungeon . He was juridicall y asked , whether he preferred being thirty-six times flogged through the regiment , or to suffer twelve balls to puss through his brains 1 In vain did he assort the freedom of the will , and affirm , that he preferred neither the

      one nor the other : choose he must , and , in -virtue ofthatgiftof God , which is called liberty , lie concluded in £ ivour of flogging-. lie was twice brought to the halberds , where he each time received nve hundred lashes , which flayed him from the hips to the nape of the neck , and laid the muscles and nerves all bare . As they were proceeding to the third course , Candide , unable to endure more , requested for God's sake , they would have the goodness to blow out his brains . His petition was favourably received ; but , as he was kneeling Windfold , the King of the Bulgarians happened to come to the parade , and inquired concerning his crime . As this king was a man of great genius , lie comprehended , from the story they told him , that Candide

      was a young metaphysician , ignorant of the world , and he granted his pardon ; which clemency has been and will be recorded in every newspaper , every history , and every age . A skilful surgeon in three weeks cured Candide by use of the emollients which ih ' oscorides prescribes . The skin again began to cover Iiis back , and he was able to march , when the King of the Bulg arians gave battle to the King of the Abariangi Nothing could he so charming , so dazzling , so well disciplined , so well appointed as the two armies . The trumpets , drums , hautboys , fifes , and cannon formed a concert of such harmony as Hell itself never equalled . To begin , the artillery laid low about six thousand men on each side . The musketry next despatched between nine and ten thousand knaves , who infested the surface of this best of possible worlds ; and the bayonet in its turn ,

      was the adequate cause of the death of as many more . The whole amount was at least thirty thousand souls . Candide , who trembled like a philosopher , hid himself as well as he could during . this heroic butchery . At length , while the two kings ordered Te De ' iau to be sung in their two camps , lie thought proper to depart aud reason elsewhere on causes and effects . He passed over mountains of the dying and the dead . The first village he came to belonged to the Abarians ; it was reeking with smoke having been burnt by the Bulgarians , according to the lavf s of iwitvma . Here stood old men

      maimed . 'by the enemy , gazing on tneir muruereo wives * with their dead children extended on their bleedin * bosoms . There lay virgins with their wombs ripped open , after having appeased the natural appetites of eovtam heroes , giving up the 'host Others , half roasted , called aloud for some one to come and di spatch them entirely . Here the brains of men were scattered , here th ey arms , here their laws and here their mangled trunks .. Candide fled with all his might to , another village , , % t belonged to the Bulg arians , which the heroes ot Abaria had treated in vouch the same manner . At length marching over limbs still trembling , hearts

      "Pigs' Meat For The Swinish Multitude." ...

      stdlpa / pitating and fires yet unextinguished , he luckily escapecrfrom tt » theatre otwar and glory . THE " HIGHER ORDERS" AND "SUPERIOR CLASSES . "

      ( From the Works of Dean Stvift . ) I had the curiosit y to inquire , in a particular manner , by what method groat numbers had procured to themselves high titles of honour , and prodigious estates ; and I confined my inquiry to a rery modem period . However , without gratm upon present times , because I would be snre to give no offence , even to foreigners ( for I hope the reader need not be told that I do not in the least intend my own country m what I say upon this occasion , } and a great number of persons were called up , and , upon a very slight examination , discovered such a scene of infamy that I cannot reflect upon it without some seriousness . Perjury , oppression , subornation , fraud , pandemm , and the like miinmties , were

      amongst the most excusable arts they had to maintain , and for these I gave , as it was reasonable , great allowance . But when some confessed they oived their greatness and wealth to the prostituting of their own wives and daughters ; others to the betraying oi then- country , or their prince ; some to poisoning , more to the perverf ' ng of justice , in order to destroy the innocent ; I hope ! may be pardoned if these discoveries i nclined me a little to abate ot that profound veneration which I am naturally apt to pay to persons of mou rank , who ought to bo treated with the utmost respect , due to their sublime dignity , b y us their inferiors .

      Sunshine And Shadow; A Tale Of The Ninet...

      SUNSHINE AND SHADOW ; A TALE OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY . Bf THOMAS MARTIS WHEELER , Late Secretary to the National Charter Association and National Land Conrpany . TO VKiROUS O ' COSSOB , ESQ ., M . P . POR NOTTINGHAM . Bespected Sib , -. In dedicating this humble effort to you , I am actuated by no sycophantic motive ; words of mine can neither make nor mar your fame—Time , the great arbiter , will do ample justice to both the Chartist party and their acknowledged leader . The fiction department of

      literature has hitherto been neglected by the scribes of our body , and the opponents of our principles have been allowed to wield the power of imagination over the youth of our party , without any effort on our part to occupy this wide and fruitful plain . " Would that some of the many talented minus acknowledging our tenets , would achieve that supremacy in tho novel which Thomas Cooper has dono in the epic . " . .. To stimulate them to the effort , is the object of this attempt on the part of your brother Chartist , Thomas Munis " vVheemsb . O'Connorville , March 24 th , 1849 .

      Chapter 1 . Fair truth shall be my theme . Let othera soar To realms of fancy , seeking fictions wild : Athwart my page , fair truth alone shall pour Her charm;—a charm not always tamo and mild—E ' en fiction never pleas'd unless it bore The impress of truth : no heart was long beguil'd To feel despite stern reason . For , in sooth , Fiction ' s best dress is still tho garb of truth . Beste .

      On a fine day , in the year 1831 , at the door of a brick building , bearing the lofty title of College House Academy , situate in the suburbs of London , stood a stage coach waiting to convey the emancipated boys to their respective homes in the great metropolis , Crack goes tho coachman ' s whip , loud huzzas from the joyous boys startle even the welltrained horses , and the coach speeds on its way . Quietly smiled the quaint old schoolmaster , pleased at the prospect of a month ' s release from the drudgery of the then system of scholastic tuition . Cheerful looked his buxom wife , the very pattern of domestic housewifery , Well knew she llOW to expend in the most ciin'fty manner tbe five guineas per quarter received with each boarder , so as to add

      each vacation a few more guineas to their scanty hoard ; and now she , too , is released from the routine of duty , and the pleasure it g ives is truthfully reflected in her countenance . Peace be with you , ye now ancient pair , may the cares of life fall mildly on you , and though the sunshine of existence is to you for ever past , may its shadows be devoid of gloom or danger . Loud and cheerful were these boy passengers , life was to them a garden of pleasant flowers ; true , they escaped not an occasional sting from the wasps of existence , but the venom was soon extracted , and the evening ' s shadow was always forgotten in the morning ' s sunshine . Oh ! who " does not look back

      with delight on his boyish days , when life was all ench ' . ntiw . 'nt ; when , let the kaleidoscope be ever so vark'd , its colours were always bright , and each r > 'jw combination more p leasing than the last . Time ! w ^ . o l'oy ' ,-, h . . jnar : > of fairy land hast thou destroyed—wWr iwy ;«' 'v < . 'r » Inrnntl to dungeon ee )) s— -ivbitfrp hicid streams nun , ?«; . trimrucd barks have proved , alas 5 a iti . \ v . ; l > .-. \ "O JS ocean fraughi With constant wixwks ; thy smiling ifv ;«'< - ; hav « be ^ n , indeed , au arid desert , without even the v . \ lra ? e of enchantment , to recall tl . c blest waters ol ' iho y <^ ' the materials ofthe kaieidnscopo arc still thwe , kit the enchanted glass is destroyed , and wc '«; . .- * .- discovered that they were broken and valuelew

      fragments . Loudly sound the joyous huzzas from ouv _ heroes on the coach ; they nave reached their destination , the Flower Pot , in Bishopsgate-strcet , little reck they of these sombre thoughts . Experience will come too soon , let not foreknowledge anticipate its date . Joy and hope are still with them , and friends and relatives await their arrival . ( To be continued ) .

      Aaublit $Imt0immt8»

      aaublit $ imt 0 immt 8 »

      CBEMoHiYE GfABDE . Ys . —These grounds have already been opened daily , for promjpnade , and three grand day and night fetes are announced for Easter ; should the weather then prove propitious , Mr . Ellis will at once proceed with tho accustomed musical and dramatic entertainments . The gardens , notwithstanding the early period ofthe season , present a pleasing appearance . A number of HCV 7 walks have been formed , and several rare and valuable exotics and plants added to the conservatories . Roi'Aii Gbkciax Saloon , City-uoad . —This chaste and elegant theatre was , on Monday evening last , taken for a benefit in aid of the " Potters ^ Joint Stock Society and Savings' Fund . " The performances were Aubcr ' s opera of MajanieUo and the farce of A Mistaken Story , concluding with the beautiful Scotch ballet of Auld Iiobin Grey . Tho pieces were cleverly put upon the stage , and the characters well sustained by the company .

      Adelpih " . —Anew and original farce" has been produced under the title of Who Lives at No 9 ? The story turns upon the prying curiosity of Mr . Deeply Dive ( Wright ) , an eccentric and remarkably silly gentleman , who lodges , with his wife ( Miss Ellen Chaplin ) , at a certain No . 9 , and happens to overhear some details of a love story , which has evident relation to a person residing in the Same house . He forthwith sets about a close examination of facts , with the intention of finding out to which of his fellow-lodgers the tale refers , crossquestioning the servants , tlic lodgers themselves , and OVOn the visitors , whom he stops in the street , but without eliciting the desired information . The ral heroine of the mystery is his own wife , which , had Mr . Deeply Dive been given to dive less deeply , he could hardly fail to have discovered at once . He

      is so thoroughly absorbed , however , with his profound research , that ho overlooks facts which are close uiulev his . eyes , and suspecting eyevy party but the rig ht one , becomes the bearer of a billet doux addressed to his wife by her former lOVCl * . The audience , almost from the beginning , are acquainted with the absolute state ofthe case , but Dive is kept iu darkness , until the fall ofthe curtain behind him unexpectedly cuts short investi g ation , at a very critical fiiomont . Out of this arises the tag , an address to the " audience in which Mr . Wright comp lains of so sudden an interruption to his inquiries , absolving himself from all blame in the matter , when he is again arrested by the descent of another curtain , whieh hides him altogether from the spectators . This fared will bo presented every nisktuntil further notice . ;

      Royal Polytechnic Institution . —Doctor Bachoffner has been engaged in delivering a scries of lectures " at this institution , on astronomy , and elementary chemistry . The first subject is admirably adapted for this season of tho year ,, combining as it does much useful information for the young folks . The popular style of the learned gentleman is particularly adapted for their information , indeed it is highly attractive to all . Some very important improvements have lately bqcn discussed by Mr . Beard ; in the art of Photography , which are exhibited in tho establishment , and the visitor will see the astonishing perfection to whick the Daguerreotype is now brought . The Daguerreotype portraits ,

      although perfect likcncssess , are always accompanied with a corpse-like hue , until the art of colouring invented by Mr . Beard jun . came . into use , which now gives p erfect life to them . By a recent imp rovement in the preparation of the plates , the natural expression . of tho features—and , in fact , the bearing of the . whole figure—is delineated with wonderful accuracy and effect . The minutest folds of while drapery , which have always been found difficult to portray on the plate in consequence ot the closo approximation ofthe white—Hglft to li ght and , indeed , of tho minutest and most intricate patterns of anyfabric ^ vhether silk , cloth , or satin , and of any colour or shade , —are brought out and exhibited to perfection .

      •; ,-Tire Shiluxo Corx Duty.—About £10,0...

      •; ,-TirE Shiluxo Corx Duty . —About £ 10 , 000 . has been paid in this port upon foreign corn and breadstuffs , entered for consumption at the nominal duty of Is . per quarter <—Liverpool Qywkr ,

      Notice To Prisoners Under Sentence Of Tr...

      NOTICE TO PRISONERS UNDER SENTENCE OF TRANSPORTATION . ( From the Daily News . ) Under this head a printed notification has been recently issued by government , which , as it exhibits in a clear and connected manner the present system of transportation punishment , as applied to various classes of convicts , we give it at length . It is in contemplation to place the whole of the system under the superintendence of some experienced officer , who will , in all probability , be directly responsible to the Secretary of State for the Some Department : — Male convicts under sentence of transportation will , in ordinary cases , be subjected to three periods of discipline , before they serve out the term of their sentence or obtain a conditional pardon in the colony to which they may bo sent .

      1 . The first period will be spent in separate confinement . 2 . The second period will be passed at hard labour on public works , under strict discip line , for a period proportioned to tho sentences , 3 . The third period will be passed with a ticket of leave in one of her Majesty ' s colonies .

      SEPARATE CONFINEMENT . The duration of the first period will in some measure be regulated by the character , conduct , and industry of a prisoner , and his fitness for association with others . A prisoner may be recommended on special grounds for removal from separate confinement at any period of his imprisonment , but in ordinary cases the following rule will be followed ;—The maximum period to be passed in separate confinement will be ei ghteen mouths . Records will be kept by the governor , chaplain , schoolmaster , and other officers , of the conduct and character of each prisoner undergoing this punishment ; monthly examinations of these records will be made by the superior authorities of the prison , who will grant to deserving prisoners a good conduct badge , to be worn on their dress . Prisoners obtaining these

      bad g es and not forfeiting them by subsequent mis ^ conduct will be eligible to be recommended for remor val from separate confinement at an earlier period than others . In case of the prisoners under sentence of transportation for only seven years , and who shall , have obtained a certain number of badges , the authorities will be enabled to recommend to the Secretary of State that they may be removed direct to a colony , with a ticket of leave instead of undergoing penal discipline upon works . KOTICE TO PR 1 SOSERS EMPLOYED OX PUBLIC WOIIK 3 . Prisoners having usually undergone separate confinement for a certain term will be required , before

      their removal from this country , to labour on public works , under strict discipline , for a period proportionate to the term of their original sentence , after which they will he sent to one of the British colonies . Prisoners who do not misconduct themselyes will bo eligible to be recommended to the Secretary of State for tickets of leave in one of the colonies , on the expiration of one-half of the term of their original sentences , according to the following scale , ( $ 0 . 2 , ) which has been prepared with , reference to the respective terms of transportation . By obtaining special reports of good conduct , they may entitle themselves to this indulgence at an earlier period , according to following scale ( ISo . 2 ) .

      Scale No . 1 . OBMNABT TEBIOVS OF DETENTIOK OiV PUBLIC WOUKS , raoPonno-VED to tub terms of different

      ses-IBNCES . A prisoner sentenced To T years , for a period not less than 2 years ,

      W » „ 3 | „ I » „ 6 } „ Life * „ 10 J „ These periods , together with the previous term passed in separate confinement , and tnC time occupied in the voyage , are calculated to make up about half the period of sentence . j It is , however , to hi clearly understood , that it is only in cases of prisoners conducting themselves in a satisfactory manner that any such remission of their sentence can bo recommended .

      As a further encouragement , however , such prisoners as conduct themselves in an exemplary manlier , and who show , by their general demeanour and willing industry , that they have profited by the instruction they have received , and are likely to become useful members of society when re leased from penal disci p line , will bo eligible to bo specially recommended to the Secretary of State for a ticket of leave , at the expiration of one-half the period stated on the foregoing scale , or at any time between that and the ordinary -term stated in the scale No . 1 , viz .: Scale No . 2 .

      MINIMUM PERIOD OF DETKMI 0 . V 0 « PUBLIC W 0 KKS , APPLICABLE TO FRISO . NEBS WHOSE CONDUCT IS EXEMPLARY . A prisoner sentenced To 1 years , for a period not less than 1 year . 10 „ „ 1 * „ h ' < ,, „ 3 years . 20 „ „ 1 „ Life ., " 6 „ Iv . Oi'iloi' thntcrory pi'isontr may be aware of his situation , ai ' . u U ' . G effect wh ' oh his conduct may have in diroiuUlu utf or orAofj . i . ' 5 ' "'* period < jf" probationary discipline , ro .-ords of his conduct , attainments , ati . " ' . mil' ^ lry . v-r . l < k kepr . l- v l" - ! - " "'"'• - ¦ vy ; , chaplain , a ; tj oihrr ofliiiers , vhich will be c . wiiiibu'd monthly , or oftcner if ti-quii-o nimunicatcd to the prisoner .

      If a prisoner ' s conduct lw he-en in ail respects i . \\'» cmplary during the month , ho will , after ti « s monthly report , be recommended to the visitors or Other superior authority , for a badgo to be worn , on his dress , which , if not forfeited by subsequent misconduct , will afterwards enable the visitors to recommend him for a remission of one month of the period o detention set forth in Scale No . 1 . Thus , a prisoner , under sentence for seven years , conducting himself in an exemplary manner for twelve months after his reception , would place him in a position to be specially recommended for twelve months' remission ofthe period laid down in Scale No . 1 , and might be brought forward for embarkation with a ticket of leave in the minimum period of twelve months , as laid down in Scale No . ' 1 .

      Or a prisoner under sentence for ten years conducting himself in an exemplary manner for eighteen months , would place himself in a position to be recommended for embarkation with a ticket of leave in the minimum period of eighteen months ,, as laid down in Scale No . 2 , instead ot * being detained three years and half aa prescribed for ordinary cases in No . 1 . Prisoners entitled to a less number of badges , would be elig ible for recommendation at some intermediate period .

      TICKETS OF LEA \ E . The holder of a ticket of leave will be required to remain within a certain district which will be prescribed by the governor of tbe colony , where lie will have the means of working for wages ; but if he misconducted himself , or wilfully remain iu idleness when emplovment can be obtained , he will be liable to forfeit his ticket of leave , and to be again subjected to penal discipline . On tlic other hand , if he conducts himself well , he will be eligible to be recommmnded by the governor of the colony ( according to the regulations which from time to time may bo in force ) tor a conditional pnrdon ,- but i » ordinary cases none will bo so recommended until they shall have repaid out of their wages a certain sum towards the expense of their conveyance to the colony . .

      FAMILIES OF CONVICTS . Arrangements will be made by which assistance will be given towards defraying the expenses of the passage to the colony of the wives and families of well conducted convicts , on the remainder of the expenses being provided from private sources .

      * Sentence For Life To Be Reckoned At Tw...

      * Sentence for life to be reckoned at twenty-four years , ' l The average term to be passed in sepnriitc confinement being assumed at twelve months , any greater or less period will be taken into account in determining the period of detention laid down iu this scale . Note . —The indulgence of a ticket of leave on arrival at the colony may be withheld if a prisoner misconducts himself on the voyage .

      Another. Secession From The Established ...

      Another . Secession from the Established Cnuucu . —A Lancaster correspondent of the Patriot writes : " The extraordinary ' Essay' of the Hon . and Rev . W . Baptist Noel , is effecting a great work , Amongst the friends of the State Church who have road the book , and on whose minds its contents have had a telling and practical influence , is tho B . 6 V . John Doil & Oh , Vicar of Cockerham , near Lan caster . Convinced by the facts it detail ? , and the arguments it supplies , of the evil and unacriptural character of the present establishment , he lias nobly imitated tho ¦ exam ple of Mr . Noel , and for ever

      abandoned it . "Last Friday or . Saturday he sent in his resignation to the Bishop of the diocese , which was accepted , and in the afternoon of last Sabbath preached his farewell sermon to a crowded congreg ation . In taking this step , Mr . Dodson has made many sacrifices . He h as left a living worth £ 050 a-ycar , and given up a beautiful residence . But what is worse , he lias incurred the displeasure of many with whom he has before associated and cooperated ; and forfeited , in all probability for ever , the society and friendship of niany iu respectable life with whom ho stands intimately connected .

      Sm John Fuaskus ' s Expedition . — ' 1 ho Gazette makes a curious announcement . Sir J . Ross has written home to say that he shall return to England with one ship , and leave the " Investigator " to prosecute the enterprise . On this the Lords of the Admiralty declare that , in the opinion of tho " Ui «\ u > st ii . aval . authoritiM , " the voyage would "be most perilous to the ship remaining in the ice ; " they have , therefore , ordered supplies to . ho despatched in pursuit of the "Investigator ; " ami tlicv offer . t reward of £ 20 , 000 to any ship that shall have rendered efficient assistance to Sir John Franklin

      Vavit\It6.

      Vavit \ it 6 .

      link in the h „ m $ " 2 ^ tel ^ ttnVS of tho lady who humbleth Wl / S ° sho mavt exalted . But the lessons , it calcS ' S its greatest perfection it teaches that vice and sloth may eat that bread winch virtue and honestv may starve for , after they had oar-nod it . it teaches tho idle and disso / ute to look up for that support which they are too proud to earn ; it directs tho minds of men to an entire reliance on the ruling powers ofthe State who feeds the ravens of the royal aviary that continually cry for bread . It teaches them to imitate those saints on the Pension List who are like

      the lily of the held , they toil not , neither do they spin , and yet are arrayed like Solomon in all his glory . In fine , it teaches a lesson which , indeed , they might have learned from Epictetus , that it is sometimes good not to bo over-virtuous , - it shows that , in proportion as our distress increases , the munificence of the Crown increases also ; in proportion as our clothes arc rent , the royal mantle is extended over us . — Curmn . Somethi . vg Soft . —A Staffordshire farmer went along with his son to a toa party . A young female happened-to be there , with whom the father wished Ills son to become acquainted . Tic told him to go and speak to her . " What shall I say tull her , fayther ? " asked his son . " - "Why sav soft things to hot * TnUn-nw ' * T _ l .. " , . ft .. her Johnny" with

      Johnny ,, great simplicity , looked tho lady m the wee , and said— " Mashed turnips , Miss . ' Coal . —Great Britain produces annually 31 , 500 , 000 tons of coal ; Belgium ; -1 , 900 , 077 , ' France , 4 . M 1 . G 17 United States , i , i 00 , 0 QQ ;¦ Prussia , 3 , 500 , 000 ; Austria , 700 , 000 . The estimated value of the coals raised in Great Britain is £ 9 , 500 , 000 sterling ; while that of Bel gium , Prance , and the United States is each about £ 5 , 500 , 000 .. Hist to Pride : — Tho diadem of princes ( observes St . Froix ) , was copied from the fillet which topers , in the early ages , used to wear round their temples to check the iumes of wine . It was meant as au intimation to royalty not to suffer itself to be stupefied b y the noxious luccviBO of adulation .

      One of the house-surgeons at Guy ' s Hospital , London , at the present time , is a Syrian , named Said Assayd . A 8 omn 8 KT 8 iimE Bull . —The J ?« t , i Chronicle tells us , truly enough , that " it ia scarcely credited" that a person of J iespecteWc _ exterior presented hinisolf at the Court of Quarter Sessions , held in a nei g hbouring county List-week , as one of the jury , With a certificate from his ' medical attendant , ' stating that he was ill in bed , that ho could not leave his house , which certificate he presented to the chairman himself , amidst the laughter of tbe whole court . When a young man steals a kiss from a Shropshire girl , she blushes like a " new blown rose , " and says smartly , " You darsn ' t do that twice more . "

      Daxck-o i . v hie East . —The profession of a dancer is common over all Asia , and practised chiefly bywomen . In social position and general repute they resemble the ballot-girla of Europe ; but wanting tho accessories of the stage , ' which has scarcely » representative in Eastern lands , they never attain to the extravagant success of our Taglionis or Blsslers . Their business is to attend at banquets and merrymakings of all sorts , and dance for the amusement of the company , being remunerated according to time , and receiving some gratuity from tho richer or more liberal guests , who admire and criticise their performance ; but no person of respectability would be seen to dance in those countries , where a ball , therefore , is out of the quos * tion .

      Blow Dots . —Alfred the Great learned his al p habet at twelve years old—Molicrc could barely read Or right at fourteen—Dr . Carter began his studies at nineteen—Valeriamls learned to read at fifteenand Sir Isaac New toil , according to his own avowal , was inattentive to study , and ranked low in the school till the age of twelve . Work fob the PiiemsTS . —According to Professor Adclung , there are 11 , 604 known languages and dialects in tho world , of which 937 are Asiatic , 587 European , 276 African , aud 1 , 664 American . ' What a Pi !\ xr Does . —In 1839 , 84 , 000 , 000 of letters were posted ; in 1848 , 320 , 000 , 000 ! The Sailor Asro . visriKD . —A sailor attempted to kiss a lass he met on shore . She bristled up and declared lie had insulted her ; whereupon Jack exclaimed , " Well , that beats ail ' . I ' ve been to sen twenty years , and never , knew a salute called an insult afore '"

      'Ihe Mohammedan Commandments . — There are six commandments in the Mohammedan religion , viz . .- —1 st . There is no Dioty but God . —2 nd . There is no Prophet but Mohammed , ho is God ' s Apostle . —3 rd . To fast during Ramadan every day . —4 th . To pray and practise ablutions five times ' a day . —5 th . To apply two-and-a-half per cent , of their property to the poor . —0 th . To iiiaKc a pilgrimage to Mc-kkch and Mount Ararat . This religion is so general that it has nearly one-fifth of tho whole population of the globe as its followers . Its most important duties are prayer alms-giving , fastings , and pilgrimage . The hours of prayer are live : —1 st . At sunset .-jr 2 nd . When the evening has closed and it is quite dark . —3 rd . At day-break , on tli » « . ¦ ¦ . «* : faintappearance ofiigiain the cast . —V . h . Arnoon . —ocii . About mid-ti . iu-1 .-v .: \ v , . .,-ii ii' ' onai ' i . ' . i : ii"Iuiat ! .

      At a iTowdjd hvc ' . sr ' . " i .. oth > r t-vfu-. n-r , ;\ YviV .- ? . " " Hdy , st ; ii ; . lim , ' ut tV- ' . ! . > , < : •<;{ ' Om elwi : ' :, -. v .-i . i ; nili .-essoi ! bj »! t hones ! iiiin-n . ian , ^ liu v ; i v in aifen . iai .-. v on llw w . xu / tmi , Wj . ' , " i : i-r . ' n ; V . ( : ;{> .. s , ' d . oJ'S I'C '^ . au . to ^ ue you a ar . io , suMiie ou . j / iv one ;; are all M ! " . . A Biiave Mas . —The inhabitants of Privcrnum . being subdued and taken prisoners after a revolt , one of them being asked by a Koman senator , who was for putting them all to death , which punishment lie and his fellow-captives deserved ? answered , with great intrepidity , " Wo deserve that punishment which is duo to men who arc jealous of their liberty , and think themselves worthy of it . " Plantinus , perceiving that his answer exasperated some of tho senators , endeavoured to prevent the ill effect of it , by putting a milder question to the prisoner : "How would you behave , " says ho , "if Home

      should pardon you . '' Our conduct , " replied tho generous captive , " depends on yours . If the peace you grant be an honourable one , you may depend on a constant fidelity on our p arts ; if the terms of it be-hard and dishonourable , lay no stress on our adherence to you . " Some of the judges construed those words as menaces ; but tho wiser part , finding in them a great deal of magnanimity , cried out that a nation whose only desire was liberty , and their only fear that of losing it , was worthy to _ become Roimin . Accordingly , a decree passed in favour bf the prisoners , aud lViver mun was declared a munici ' pium . Thus the bold sincerity of one man saved bis country , and gained it the privilege of being incorporated into the Roman state . A lien belonging to a person named Maud , living in Wellington-street , Dingley , lately deposited its egg in a basin upon the table " to the great astonishment ofthe good woman of the house .

      At a meeting ot the Thames Tunnel Company it was stated that the weekly average of passengers throush tho tunnel was about 1 & , ' . ) U 0 . The tolls takunlast year amounted to £ : ) , 796 8 s , 3 d . FrequcnteM of concerts who arc in the habit of beating time with their foot , are reminded that tho stanq ) act was repealed many years ago . AmoiiffSt the Le . 'igiies . pni / eeted or established is OHO Olltitlod " The , Lutheran League , " the object of which is such' a thorough reform in tho Church as will limit the Archbishop of Canterbury to MS , 000 per annum , and give to the humblest curate £ 100 .

      Education . —Plato , in several parts of his writings , lays down tiiis great principle ;— " That the end of the education . . and instruction ot * youth , as well as of government / , is to make them better : and that whosoever departs from this rule , how meritorious soever he may otherwise appear to bo in reality , does not deserve either the esteem or the approbation of the public . " A Goon BiiKWEK . —A country vicar , giving his text out of Hebrews , pronounced it , ilc-bretvs , 10 and 12 , ( meaning the . chapter and verse . ) All old . toper , who sat half asleep under the pulpit , thinking he talkedof brewing , so many bushels to the hogshead , said , " Egad , " and not such bad liuuor neither . " -... t " '''" . '; . .

      A Philadelp hia . p * pe \ describes a curious patchwork bed-quilt ,, ma ^ je . by a blind lady , and composed of 55 , 555 pie ' coS j L ' .. ' . ' .. Agesilaijs , Kmg . pf'fea ' rta , being asked what ho thought inost' proper ] pr hoys to learn , answered — " What they ought . tptdo' when they come to be men . " ; : - ' ., . . - .. . ' , " , '" 1 " . ; . ' - .. '"' Instinct of Animals ' -jz . Tho instinct of tho dog , the wit , and . tho i'flt . f ^ l'OSO well known , that ono anecdote will sufiiqa So ; . illustrato . the three . A terrier and a ; tom-cat . were pursuing a large rat down the street ,,, ; - ^ e | : at was almost caught , when itdo dged suddenly , aftd ' ran into a sausage shop . The cat and the f clog ; stopped convulsively at the door ; . and , looking at tho '"' s'ljisages I luuig" their heads , and slunk away ^ tpn'Ol ' -stl'ickeu .

      ; The Caudixals ' . JEouSks . —The Roman government has made-ii ssefcAu-g " . of all ' the horses in the "Apostolic stnblcsi ^ 'fbr : titc " usudf the national artillery , . . Those- of-thd . tUSsunt ' - ^ ariHnals bare since been pressed into milKtary i ' scvvice , and as' all those animals i are heavy boiuni , jet •• black . lonff-tflilod . geldings ' , suoh-as S , £ oiidQn > underta . ker would feel justly .. proud of ; vow-may imagine the sepulchral suggestions whioh . J ; Jthraessed to so many tenpounders ,-they 'noW ^ -pVcscivt to tho ' conteinpIai » ' 0 m : ilu \ Tliey i . ll ' e'dSomeil-. to rcmamtV ? then- j » . h > i * l lives'in the " serviced-Boltonay for pr eennUon has becri ' takentb bruii £ itak 4 iL"cn both hmd Qu : "'t 0 !; with the eagle and fasces ofthe Rcpu'di . ' , thus m-CapacitttUUg them ( i « the very myrobablo 0 \ 0 n- m Cardinals abounding .-urain in the street * o . l > cnu /> from figuring in the ' iv old jogtro t ocou pat-Mu ,

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), March 31, 1849, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_31031849/page/3/