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      Few Responded To It. There Was Scarcely ...

      •\ T VEMBEB 29 , 1851 . THE NORTHERN STAR . s ^~ ^ I I Urthia "'~'~ ~~"' ! " ¦ ~ - ~ ~ - — . >—„ - ,.- _ _ , >

      Maelv-Lu Isoeirg

      maelV-lU iSoeirg

      Ide Sousds Of Industry. - B7 Frances D. ...

      IDE SOUSDS OF INDUSTRY . - B 7 FRANCES D . OAOE . Tlove the banging hammer , The whirrin ? of the plane , The crushing of theUusy saw , The creaking of the crane , The ringing of the anvil , The grating of the drill , The clattering of the turning lathe , The whirling of the mill , The buzzing of the spindle , The rattling of the loom , The puffing of the engine , And the fan ' s continuous boom—The clipping of the tailor ' s shears ! , The driving of the awl , The sounds of busy labour-Hove , I love them all .

      Hove tke ploughman ' s wnistle , The reaper ' s cheerful song , The drover's oft-repeated shout , As he spurs his stock along ; The bustle of the market-man , As he hies him . to the town , The hallo from the tree-top , As the ripened fruit comes down ; The busy sound of tbe threshers . As they cleau the ripened grain , And buskers * joke , and mirth , and glee , 'Seath the moonlight on the plain ; The kind voice of the dairyman , The shepherd's gentle call—These sounds of active industry , I love , I love them all .

      Tor they tell my longing spirit Of the earnestness of life ; How much of . ill its happiness Comes out of toil and strife . Hot that toil and strife that fainteth And murmureth all the way—Korthe toil and the strife that groau Beneath the tyrant ' s sway : Bat the toil aud strife that springeth From a free and willing heart , A strife which ever bringetb . To the striver all his part . Oh , there is good in labour , If we labour but right , That gives vigour to the day-time ,

      And a sweeter sleep at mgut , A good that bringeth pleasure , Even to the toiling hours—For duty cheers the spirit , As the dew revives the flowers . Oh , say not that Jehovah Bade us labour as a doom ; Ho , it is his richest mercy , And will scatter half life's gloom ! Then let us still he doing "Whate ' er we find to do"With an earnest willing spirit And a strong hand FItEE AND TRUE

      History Of The War In Afghanistan. By. J...

      History of the War in Afghanistan . By . J , W . Kate . Two vols . London : Bentley . Our readers will recollect the disastrous and disgraceful scenes of-which Mr . Kaye presents in these volumes the fullest history that has yet appeared . Daring its continuance , an entire Indian army was sacrificed in an aggression , which terminated in signal and ignominious failure , and the finances of India were impoverished for years hy the expenses incurred , The author of this history , though , not like many previous writers on the subject , personally engaged in the war , has had ad-Tautages oyer ail his predecessors , in consequence of the ample original materials of the most valuable kind placed at his disposal .

      He has had before him the journals or memorandums of General Elphinatone , Brigadier Skelton , and other officers engaged in the disasters of Caubul , as well as documents of a more public and official character ; garbled extracts of which , and often , shame to say , falsified versions , have appeared in the blue books . The documents , indeed , do not lead to absolutely new conclusions on the subject of the -war . The Duke of "Wellington and other public men best acquainted with the East censured the policy as soon as it was announced , and predicted an unfortunate conclusion ; the false pretexts on which it was based—the

      utter want of public honesty , or rather the downright wickedness of the measure—were palpable on the face of it . A fuller and more inward lig ht is thrown upon the subject by Mr . Kaye ' s or iginal matter . The plain , unafiected , and amiable private character of many of the men engaged , is well brought out in these letters , and some of them possess a biographical value . The public phase is of a graver and sadder cast . The absence of all idea of justice , right , or

      human feeling , in Lord Auckland ' s confidential and irresponsible advisers—the manner in which they regarded life and possession but as counters with which to play a game—are distinctly exhibited . The new documents , moreover , show their ignorance of the game they had undertaken , and the wild dreams they indulged in ; for some of them projected the occupation of Herat , and a great movement , a sort of propaganda , in Central Asia , extending to Bokhara and Khiva .

      The great merit of the history consists in its tracing , - from first to last , the events , errors , and mischances which produced at last a catastrophe never to be forgotten in the annals of our Indian Empire . At the present moment , when -we are engaged in anotherthough smaller—war of aggression on the tribes of South Africa , it is interesting to trace the way in which this country is involved in these shameful and expensive transactions by subordinate or ambitious officials ; and almost simultaneously with the appearance of the work , there has been promulgated , by authoritya scheme for removing the seat

      , of Government from Calcutta to Simlah , where the Afghanistan war was planned . This scheme is accompanied by other intimations , which render a second war with the Afghans extremely probable ; and we , therefore , may , erelong , have a repetition of the lamentable tale here told by Mr . K . aye . 3 ? rom such a work we can only give a few extracts not of a continuous character . Here are two pictures of the hero of the history , Dost Mahomed , at two eventful periods : the one , his last attempt to defend his cap ital ; the other , his surrender when overwhelmed hy adverse fortune : — .

      AU hope of negotiation was now at an end ; and Dost Mahomed , with resolution worthy of a better fate , marchced out to dispute tbe progress of the invaders . At the head of an army in which the seeds of dissolution had already been sown , he moved down upon TJrghnna ' eh . There he drew up his troops and parked his guns . Bat it was not on this ground that he had determined to give the Feringhees battle . The last stand was to have been made at ilaidan , on the Caubul river—a spot the natural advantages of which would have been greatly in his favour . But the battle was never fought . At TJrghundeh it became too manifest that there was treachery in his camp . The venal

      Kuzzilbashes were fast deserting his standard . There was scarcely a true man left in his ranks . Hadjee Ehan , Shank ur , on whom he had placed great reliance , had gone over to the enemy , and others were fast following hia example . This was the crisis of his fate . He looked around him , and saw only perfidy on the right hand and on the left . Equal to the occasion , but basely deserted , what could the Ameer do ? Sever bad the nobility of his nature shone forth more truly and more lustrously . In the hour of adversity , when all were false , he was true to his own manhood , into the midst of his own perfidious troops neroae , with the Koran in his baud , and there called upon his followers , in the names of God and the Prophet , not to forget that they were true Mahomedansnot to disgrace their names and to dishonour their who had

      religion , by rushing into the arms of one filled the country with infidels and blasp hemers . He besought them to make cue stand , like brave aen and true believers ; to rally round the standard of the commander of the faithful ; to beat back the invading Feringhees or die in the glorious attempt . He then reminded them of his owu claims on their fidelity . " You have eaten my salt , " he said , " these thirteen years . If , as is * too plain , you are resolved to seek a new master , jrraut me but one favour in requital for that long period of maintenance and kindness—enable me to die with honour . Stand by the brother of Futteh Khan , whilst he executes one last charge against the cavalry ofthese Terhghee doss ; in that " onset he will fall ; then go and make your own terms with Shah Soojah . " The noble spirit-stirring appeal was vainly uttered ;

      History Of The War In Afghanistan. By. J...

      few responded to it . There was scarcely a true heart ieft . With despairing eyes he looked around upon his recreant followers . He saw that there was no hope of winning them back to tlieir old allegiance ; ho felt that he was surrounded by traitors and cowards , who were willing to abandon him to his fate . It was idle to strug-le against his destiny . The first bitter pang was over ; he reassurned his serenity of demeanour , and , addressing himself to the Kuzzilbashes , formally gave them their discbarge . He then dismissed all who were inclined to purchase safety by tendering allegiance to the Shah ; and with a small handful of followers , leaving his guns still in position , turned his horse ' s head towards tbe regions of the Ilindoo-Koosh . ilr . Kaye thus narrates the battle o i Purwand arrah , which terminated in the surrender of the Chieftain . few responded to it . There was scarcely a true

      On the 2 nd of November— a day which has obtained a melancholy celebrity in the annals of the English in Afghanistan—the British force came at last in sight of the enemy . The army of the Ameer van posted in the Talley of Purwandurrah . The Kijrow hills were bristling with the armed population of a hostile country . Unprepared for the conflict , Dost Mahomed had no design on that November morning of giving war to the Feringhees . An unexpected movement precipitated the collision . On the first appearance of the British troops , the Ameer evacuated the village of Purwandurrah and tbe neighbouring forts ; and was moving off to a position on some elevated ground commanded by a steep hill to the rearward , when , at the suggestion of Dr . Lord , the British cavalry were moved forward to outflank the Afghan horse . "What followed

      is one of the most exciting , as it is one of the most melancholy , incidents of the Afghan war . It was a clear , bright morning . The yellow foliage of autumn glittered like gold in the broad sunlight . Tbe opposite hills were alive with the enemy . The crisp , fresh air , so bracing and invigorating to the human frame , seemed to breathe confidence and courage . Dost Mahomed , who , since his defeat at Bameean , had been often heard of , but never seen , hy the British troops , and who seemed to eludo the grasp of the Army of Occupation like an ignlt faluus , was now actually within their reach . It ought to have been an hour of triumph . It was one of humiliation . The Afghans were on the hills skirting one side of the pass ; the British troops were on the opposite declivity . Dost Mahomed saw our cavalry advancing , and from that moment cast behind him all

      thought of retreat . At the head of a small band of horsemen , strong , sturdy Afghans , bnt badly mounted , he prepared to meet his assailants . Beside him rode the bearer of the blue standard which marked his place in the battle . He pointed to it , reined in his horse , then snatching the white lungbi from his head , stood up in his stirrups uncovered before bis followers , and called upon them in tbe name of God and the Prophet , to drive the cursed Kaffirs from the country of the faithful . " Follow me , " he cried aloud , " or I am a lost man . " Slowly , but steadily , the Afghan horsemen advanced . The English officers who led our cavalry to the attack covered themselves with glory . The native troopers fled like sheep . Emboldened by the craven conduct

      of the British cavalry , the Afghan horsemen rode forward , driving their enemy before them , and charging right up to the position of the British , until almost within reach of our guns . The Afghan sabres told , with cruel effect , upon our mounted men . Lieutenants Broadfoot and Crisp were cut _ to pieces . A treacherous shot from a neighbouring bastion brought Dr . Lord to the ground ; and the dagger of the assassin completed the work of death . Captains Eraser and Ponsonby , whose gallantry bas never been surpassed even in the annals of old Roman heroism , still live to show their honourable scars ; and to tell , with mingled pride and humiliation , the story of that melancholy day . In front of our columns , flaunting the national standard , the

      Afghans stood for sometime masters of the field , and then quietly withdrew from the sceae of battle . Sir Alexander Barnes , awed by this disaster , wrote to Sir William Macnaghten that there wag nothing left for the force but to fall back upon Caubul , and implored the Envoy there to concentrate all our troops . Sir William receired this letter oa the 3 rd of Nov ., as he was taking his evening ride on the outskirts of the city . His worst forebodings seem to be confimed . Little did he know what thoughts were stirring in the breast of the Ameer . Dost Mahomed in the very hoar of victory , felt that it was hopeless to contend against the power of the British Government . He bad too much sagacity not to know that his success at Purwandurrah must

      eventually tend , by moving the British to redouble their exertions , rather to hasten than to retard the inevitable day of his final destruction . He quitted the field in no mood of exultation , with no bright visions of the future before him . He had won the last throw , but the final issue had ceased to be a matter of speculation . The hour in which , with dignity and grace , be might throw himself upon the protection of bis enemies , now seemed to have arrhed . He had met the British , troops in the field , and at the head of a little band of horsemen had driven back tbe cavalry of the Ferringhees . His last charge had been a noble one ; he might now retire from the contest without a blotch upon his name . So thought the Ameer ; as was his

      wont , taking counsel of his saddle . Stone knew in the British camp the direction be had taken ; none guessed tbe character of his thoughts . On tbe day after the victory of Purwandurrah he was under the walls of Caubul . He had been four-and-twenty hours in the saddle ; but betrayed little symptoms of fatigue . A single horseman attended him . As they approached the residence of tbe British Envov , they saw an English gentleman returning from his evening ride . The attendant gal lopped forward to satisfy himself of the identity of the rider and being assured that the Envoy was before him , he said that the Ameer was at hand . " Vfhat Ameer ? " asked Macnaghten . "Dost Mahomed Khan , " was the answer ; and presently the Ameer

      himself steed before him . Throwing himself from his horse , Dost Mahomed saluted the Envoy , and said he was come to claim his protection . He surrendered his sword to the British chief ; but Macnaghten returning it to him , desired the Ameer to remount . They then rode together into the Mission compound—Dost Mohomed asking many questions about his family as they went . A tent having been pitched for his accommodation , he wrote letters to his sons , exhorting them to follow his example and seek the protection of the British government . He seemed to have become reconciled to his fate . He had no wish , he said , to escape . Force , indeed , would not drive him to abandon the refuge he had voluntarily sought . "With

      Macnaghten he conversed freely of his past history ; and raised , by the recital alike of his doings and his sufferings , the strongest feelings of admiration and compassion in the Envoy ' s breast . Every effort was made to soothe the Ameer's feelings ; and he soon became serene and cheerful . A report that it was the design of our government to banish him to London , disturbed his equanimity for a time ; but he was soon reassured by the promises of ihe Envoy , and began to look forward with hopefulness to a life of repose and security in the British dominions . A prisoner , but a honoured one , in the British camp , Dost Mahomed remained some ten days at Caubul , during which time all the leading officers of the garrison paid him the most marked attention .

      Men who kept aloof from Shah Shoojan , as one to be religiously avoided , were eager to present themselves before the unfortunate Ameer , and to show that they respected him in his fallen fortunes . He received his visitors with courtesy , and conversed with them with freedom . Seated on the ground he desired them to be seated ; and seemed to take pleasure in the society of the brave men who did him honour . A striking feature in Mr . Kaye ' s book is the manner in which he points the fate which

      seemed to dog the whole of the unjust proceedings , and finally overwhelmed their authors . Never was groundless and unprovoked injustice accompanied hy such harassing successes , and overtaken by such prompt destruction . For the King ' s offence the peop le died is an old story ; but in this case punishment , even if inadequate , overtook the responsible author . This is Mr . Kaye ' s description of the Governor robably from authentic p rivate information , when the news of the insurrection first reached Calcutta : —

      The blow fell heavily upon Lord Auckland . An Muiable gentleman and a well-intentioned states man , he had made for himself many friends ; perhaps there was not in all Calcutta at that time , even amongst the most strenuous opponents of the policy whica had resulted in so much misery and disgrace , one who did not now grieve for the sufferings of him whose errors had been so severely visited . Had it fallen at any other time , it would not have been so acutely felt . But it came upon him at the close of his reign , when he could do nothing to restore the brilliancy of his tarnished reputation . Ho had expected to embark for Engand successful ruler had

      land a happy man a . He , as he thought , conquered and tranquilized Afghanistan . For the former exploit he had been created an earl ; and the latter would have entitled him to the honour . It is true that he had drained the treasury of India ; but he belived that he was about to hand over no embryo war to his successor , and that , therefore , the treasury would soon renlenish itself . The prospect was sufficiently cheeriti < r and he was eauer to depart : but the old year wore to a close , and found Lord Auckland pacing , with a troubled countenance , the spacious .-iparEments of Government House—found him the most luckless of rulers and the most miserable of men .

      History Of The War In Afghanistan. By. J...

      . Never was statesman so cast down—never was statesman so perplexed and bewildered . The month of December was one of painful anxietjof boding fear—of embarrassing uncertainty . 1 here was no official information from Caubul . Tho private accounts received from Jellalabad and leahiiwur , always brief , often vague stud conflicting , excited the worst apprehensions without dispelling much of the public ignorance . In ibis conjuncture , Government were helpless . The Caubul force , cut off from all support , could by no possibility be rescued . The utmost vigour and determinationthe highest wisdom and sagacity—could avail no-Sever was statesman so cast , . l ^ n-n ^ m . TO *«

      thing at such a time . The scales had fallen from the eyes of the Governor-General , only to show him the utter hopelessness of the case . In this terrible emergency , he seems to have perceived , for the first time , the madness of posting a detached force in a foreign country , hundreds of iniies from our own frontier , cut off from all support by rug ? ed mountains and impenetrable defiles . Before a single brigade could be pushed on to the relief of the boleagured force , the whole army might be annihilated . Clearly Lord Auckland now beheld the inherent viciousness of the original policy of the war , and . in sorrow and humiliation , began to bethink himself of the propriety of abandoning it .

      As time brought with i t disaster upon disaster , though the fatal end was not yet reached , Lord Auckland is described as sinking into despondency , even to the extent of yielding to the disgrace of withdrawal under defeat . And suqh a confession of weakness Lord Auckland was inclined to make . He seemed to reel and stagger under the blow—to be paralyzed and enfeebled by the disasters that had overtaken him . His correspondence a t this time betokened such painful prostration , that some to whom ho wrote destroyed , in pity , all traces of these humiliating revelations . It was vaguely rumoured too , how ,

      in bitterness of spirit , he passed long hours pacing by day tbe spacious verandahs of Government House , or by night cooling bis feverish brow on the grass-plots in front of it , accompanied by some member of his household endeared to him by ties of blood . The curse brooded over him as it was brooding over Elphinstone and Macnaghten , darkening his vision , clouding his judgment , prostrating his energies—turning everything to feebleness and folly . New tidings of disaster—misfortune treading on the heels of misfortune—came flooding in from beyond the Indus ; and the chief ruler of the land , with a great army at his call , thought

      only of extrication and retreat—thought of bringing back instead of pushing forward , our troops ; of abandoning , instead of regaining , our position . Fascinated , as it were , by the great calamity , his eyes were riveted on the little line of country between Caubul and Peshawur ; and he did not see , in his eagerness to rescue small detachments from danger , and to escape the immediate recurrence of new disasters in Afghanistan , that the question now to be solved was one of far greater scope and significance—that it was not so much whether Afghanistan were to be occupied , as whether India were to be retained .

      The final end—the abandonment of Afghan * istan—must have been reached-under any circumstances ; but the disgrace and destruction was undoubtedly owing to the appointment of General Elphinstone by Lord Auckland , in opposition to advice ; and this , as Mr . Kaye observes , was needful to that great lesson which Nemesis was on the watch to teach . Whether the general political conclusion has been reached—that the public should not permit diplomatists and ministersto involve thenation in unjust wars with impunity—maybedoubted . Impolicy , imprudence , incapacity , were all conspicuous in the Afghan war ; but never was the proverb touching the beat policy better illustrated—common honesty would have prevented all .

      Tracts By Christian Socialists. Labour A...

      Tracts by Christian Socialists . Labour and the Poor . A Clergyman ' s Answer lo the Question on what grounds can you associate with men generally : *' London : Bezer , 183 , Fleet Street . Thkse two tracts are useful additions to the series we have already noticed in these columns . The first is reprinted , with a few alterations , from JVazer ' s Magazine , ' and there is ample evidence of its having proceeded from the vigorous pen of the author of Alton Locke . ' Dealing with the question to which Mr . Henry Mayhew , by his inquiries and revelations , attracted public

      attention so strongly , it is natural that Mr . ^ Kingsley should have made liberal use of the facts brought to light by that investigation . But in doing this , he does not fall into the weakness of merely retailing at second hand statements that everybody knew before hand . The subject is placed in a new and more forcible aspect by the graphic and fervid style of the writer , by his hearty sympathy with the sufferers , and the comprehensive and philosophical manner in which he deduces general conclusions . Here is part of a picture of the Metropolis , which is truly designated ¦ stranger , sadder , terribler than all fiction' : —

      Look at the Spitalfields weavers , " formerly the only botanists in the metropolis , " possessing , within the memory of living man , an Entomological Society , a Horticultural Society , an Historical Society , and a Mathematical Society , all maintained by tho operatives , —bringing forth a Dollond , a Simpson , and an Edwards ; and then , in the course of this very half century , seeing their wages cut away from them year after year , falling from 14 s . 6 d . ( average ) in 1824 to 7 s . in 1839 , and to 5 s . 6 d . in 1849 ; till the second or third rate weavers are found Jiving twenty-three persons in a house ; tasting sometimes animal food once a month , while they produce maroon coloured velvets " for ladies

      to wear and adorn them , and make themselves handsome . " Look at the three-thousand labourers scuffling every morning at the London Dock-gates for a single day ' s hire of half-a * crown , and if failing of admission , still waiting in the yards by the day long , on the chance of earning 4 d . an hour if wanted for some stray ship , —the average earnings of the whole class not exceeding Ss . per week throughout the year ; whilst an easterly wind will throw 7 , 000 out of employ , or , with their dependents , 20 , 000 ! Look at the slop-work tailors , the men receiving 3 s . 6 d . for tbe coats they made at 5 s . Id . two years ago , —sometimes eating » drinking , sleeping , working in one room , as many as ever the

      room will contain ; the women earning at the host from 4 s . 6 d . to 5 s . per week , let them sit from eight in the morning till , ten at ni g ht , and paying out of that Is . 6 d . for trimmings and Gd . candles every week , so that altogether they earn about 3 s . in the six days , —hopeless creatures , that " never knew a rise , but continual reductions ! " Look at the shirtmaker , making shirts for 2 s . a dozen that were 3 s . 6 d . eight years ago : her usual time of work " from five in the morning till nine at night , winter and summer j" when there is a press of business getting up often at two or three in the morning , and " carrying on" till the evening of the following day , merely lying down in her clothes to take a nap

      of five or ten minutes , for " the agitation of mind never lets one lie longer ; " and for all this toil earning on an average 2 s . 10 Jd . per week , or 2 s . clear , after deducting cotton and candle , —a hopeless creature , too , that " never knew them to raise the prices 1 " Look at the waistcoat-maker , —her average earning from 3 s . to 4 s . a week , out of which , all deductions made , she has about Is . 10 Jd . to lire upon : she , too , one who has found " prices continually going down , " and " never knew an advance , " ana yet knows persons " who get even lower prices than she'does ; oh , yes , a great deal lower'" Look at the workers for the army-clothiers . and

      —the one working for tbe soldiers and marines , receiving 8 d . for jackets that fourteen years ago used to be la , 4 d „ for , " you know they lower them always , " earning 2 s . a week on an average , and finding her own thread ; the other , working for the convicts , earniog 3 s . a week when in full work , and having to deduct thread and candles , " which is quite half ; " whilst of the trowsersstiteher " the most she ever earned was 2 s . a week , and that her girl helped her to a good bit ! After pileing fact upon fact of a similar and worse descrip tion than the preceding , the writer in a burst of not unn atural indignation at a system which produces such horrible

      results , says : — On the first perusal of such statements the question scarcely arises in any one ' s mind , MuBttUMB things be any longer ? so mighty is the inner voice that cries , " ^ They most not bk I" And if any one should so far allow his conscience to be jur ied by his intellect , or smothered by his indolent self-love , as to sigh and say , " These evils are necessary ones , —tlicv are the natural results of competition , and competition is the law of human society ; tins is what I have to answer , - " If it be necessary in English society that from thirteen to fourteen thousand females should in London be engaged in slop-work , earning on an average twopence- imiipenny a day , of whom one fourth , beiii" tllOSO who have no husband or parent to support them , have no choice but between starvation and prostitution ,

      Tracts By Christian Socialists. Labour A...

      if this be necessary , I say , in English societv , then English society is the devils' own work , and ' to hell mth it as soon as possible !" There is , however , the better alternative of making society truly a Partnership , in which the good of all would bo promoted by the union of all . That is the object , to promote which the Christian Socialists are now labouring . The other tract is , we believe , from the pen o i Professor Maurice , of King ' s College , and will well repay perusal , not only from the admirable st yle in which it is written , but the light it incidentall y throws upon the ( structure of society in this countryand the influences . v ^^^ J . . . ~ rV

      , which separate class from class , and trammel even the wisest and best of men in tneir endeavours to pass over the great gulf which divides them . At first sight , it would seem to be a sarcasm to ask such a question as that put by Professor Maurice . Of all men in the world , a clergyman ought to be the most unexclusive in his associations . If the Gospel he preaches be universal iu its application , and reall y a gospel of brotherhood , he is bound , as a faithful exponent of its spirit and practice , to communicate freely with his fellow men . If Socialism , or Infidelity , or Romanism , are erroneous or injurious , the way to neutralize their evil influences is not

      to hold aloof from those who profess these opinions , but the contrary . The Professor has ably worked out the different phases of thought and experience , by which a young clergyman graduall y arrives at the conclusion that he must meet men on a human ground—on the broadest ground possible , ' and not upon any sectarian basis . In the following passage we have the very pith and marrow of Christian Socialism ;—The conviction has been brought home to some

      of us with terrible force , that while religious men are disputing oa what ground they shall unite , as members of an Evangelical Alliance , as English Churchmen , as Romanists , tho great body of Englishmen is becoming utterly indifferent to us all , smile grimly and contemptuously at our controversies , believe that no help is to come to their sufferings from any of us . All our denunciations , compromises , ecclesiastical arrangements , middle wajs , mean to them absolutely nothing . Our words and phrases touch no want of which they are conscious , excite in them no fears , kindle them to no hopes .

      But are they without fears and hopes ? There never was a time in their history when both were more awake . They fear that they are sinking , that they shall sink more and more , in the scale of animal existence , in the scale of human existence . They hope to work out for themselves some new condition of things which shall be better than any which they or their forefathers have ever known . There is reason enough for their fears . Day by day they feel more certain that each man among them is engaged in a fearful struggle with his neighbour for the means of existence ; day by day they are told that this is as it should be , that this struggle is the great law of society which can never bo repealed , which must go on acquiring fresh strength

      from each victim that is sacrificed to it , from each fresh creature that ia born into the world . Thus experience and theory are continually supporting and illustrating each other . Tbey have a sense of sinking , of being crushed down by the material resources of the country , by its mechanical powers , and they are told that all this is according to an eternal destiny . A chain of circumstances which they cannot break , is binding them in ; the attempt to break any link of it is ridiculed as idle and useless . The sottishness which accompanies despondency , which is sometimes the consolation of solitude , sometimes the effect of a craving for society , and which must always be looked for where any causes have destroyed domestic life , helps to

      degrade the man still further , to make his body as unhealthy and feeble as his spirit . Here are influences which are at work to drag the English labouring man into a very deep pit . Hut he has hopes of escaping from it , dreams of a world quite different , from tho one in which he is living , a " new moral world" that may be created for him , a world where there shall be order and not anarchy , fellowship not rivalship , where intellectual improvement shall bo possible , where the physical powers shall have their proper development . Ho has a dream of this kind , which he believes that certain new ar « rangements of society would enable him to realise . Tbe dream at all events makes him a more energetic man , ashamed of acts which turn him into a beast .

      inclined to feel more for his fellows , and with them . It seems therefore as if it would be a very sad thing to be obliged to tell him that such speculations are utterly monstrous , that they can haye no foundation in experience or reason , that ho must be what he was before he had them , and what the great body of his neighbours actually are . It would , I say , be a very grievous thing that this should be necessary and yet people who never agree upon any other matter , think that it is necessary ; religious men and worldly men , High Churchmen , and Economists think that it is their ' first duty to prove to working men that there is no better order of things possible in this world than that which is established upon a principle of perpetual strife ; that thoy , to

      be sure , if they are good or prudent men individually may save themselves from tho wreck and ruin , preserve decency , ultimately perhaps keep a pig ; but that the notion of a better social state is wild and fanatical , one which only fools would entertain , or knaves encourage . The plea with reli gious men for adopting this view of the case , which would strike one at first as very dangerous and immoral is , that these plans of society arc not based upon religion , and therefore that no good can come out of them . Now , I admit at once—I have admitted already—that so far as the propounders of these systems know , there is nothing religious in them at all , that they have been set up in despair of any help coming to the most pressing necessities of the time from its religious teachers . I admit further , that the originators of these systems have , for the most part a positive dislike to us , the . religious teachers of the land , and would dispense with us . I admit further , that the system which they would

      fain see established is an Atheistic system , built upon the worship of circumstances and not upon the acknowledgment of a Divine Will . These may he reasons why Christian ministers should allow this scheme to work without any notice or interference of theirs—why they should tremble at it , rave at it , deny the facts which give it all its power ; these may bo reasons why we should go on debating and arguing about points which the majority of our countrymen cannot understand , and in which they take no in crest . But these may also be reasons why we should solemnly reflect upon the thoughts which are occupying working men , should seriously consider whether these thoughts and all the social difficulties which have called them forth are not divine signs and intimations to us , compelling us to consider the meaning of our own words and professions , urging us to reformation , pointing out a better path to union than any which we have devised .

      Waa^/^A/K/^I'^^^'^ *-» «-_-„«T« The Nobt...

      WAA ^/^ A / k /^ i' ^^^ ' ^ * - » « - _ - „« t « The Nobtu Wales Mussel Trade . —A very remunerative trade is springing up in North Wales , originating in the more extensive working of the various fisheries along the coast . The whole of the seaboard of this part of the country abounds with fish of every description , which until very recently was caught and sold only for local use , but the opening of the Chester and Holyhead Railway appears to have opened a new market in the northern and midland districts . It will scarcely be credited that during the last two months no fewer than 330 tons of mussels have been sent per rail from Conway to Manchester . This large quantity of shellfish was packed up in bags , sixteen of which made a ton .

      and were disposed of at the rate of from Is . Gd . to 2 s . per bag . Employment has thus been afforded to a large number of men , women , and children , for even the latter have been engaged in the collection of the fish on the shore , between high and low water mark , and there can be no doubt that in a short time the valuable and hitherto neglected fisheries on the Welsh coast will he fully and profitably worked , affording to a number of small coasting uessels regular employment and adequate remuneration . Oyster dredging is now carried on to a great extent in Cardigan-bay , there being seventeen vessels employed , which average each 1 , 000 fish per day , and this' large number is chiefly sent to the Liverpool and Lancashire markets ,

      Municipal Elections . —Dublin , —The elections , to fill tho vacancies in the Town Council of this city—caused hy the retirement of fifteen members , were . held on Tuesday in the several wards . Four only were contested , tho rest re-elected the outgoing members . The only remarkable struggle was between Sir Edward M'Donnell and Mr . Chas . Gavin Dully , proprietor of tbe " Nation . " The youngIrelander was defeated . _ Mr . Sireetman , the brewer , was again defeated in Merchant ' s Quay Ward ,, on this occasian by Mr . Dennehy . Mi ' . French was returned for Montjoy , and Mr , N , Hone for Pltzwilliam Wards . Mn . Dsiueli . —The " Daily Express" of Wednesday states that it is tho intention of Mr . Disraeli to oppose the government scheme fur screwing Uic amount of the famine loans out of the broken-down

      landholders of Ireland . The hon . member feels tho injustice that these heartless Whigs would perpetrate , and there is no doubt that it he comes to tho rescue Ireland will be saved from the grievous infliction threatened her .

      Vantim. Tub Light Of A Rope Is Perfectl ...

      vantim . Tub light of a rope is perfectl y harmless Life-like .-A painter in Cincinnati has painted an eagle so natural that it lays two cgi'g a . duv Phofane History . —An . old ladf objected to giving her son a collegiate education , after leuiniiu that" profane history" was one of the studies . How can you express in ( our units that food is necessary for man ?—1 . 0 . 2 . S . One—ought—1 « eat . — Punch . A Gallant . —There is a young man in Toledo who has grown round-shouldered through bending ever so much to kiss the girls , who are rather shun in his neighbeurhood , Turkish Law . —So necessary at one time wa * coffee considered by the Turks , that the refusal to supply it in a reasonable quantity to a wife waa reckoned among the legal causes for a divorce . - ^ = rr ^ LL

      Parental Advicb . —A shrewd old gentleman once said to his daughter , "Be sure , my dear , that you never marry a poor man ; but remember , the poorest mania the world is one that has money a » d nothing else . " Settling Accounts . —A man advertises for a wife , who can settle accounts . We reckon that there are quite a number who would like a wife who cmld settle their accounts , At least it is more than they can do themselves . AnvBBsm . —Adversity exasperates fools , dejects cowards , draws out the faculties of the wise and industrious , puts the modest to the necessity of trying their skill , awes the opulent , and makes the idle induitnous .

      Drunk and Sober . —On a recent trial , a witness was asked as to the rationality of Joseph Buckley . " When Buckley was sober , " he said , "he was v .-ry sensitive—as sensitive as any other man ; but when drunk he waa very much exaggerated . " Lboal Refinement . —A coroner ' s jury having IHt on the body of a young lady who hung herself iu consequence of disappointment in love , returned a verdict—Died by the visitation of Cupid . Thee Tory " Morning Herald " has become a convert to the necessity of a new Reform Bill , avowedly on the ground of the delinquencies elicited by the St . Alban s Bribery CVmmiss'on , The Worst of British Bloomeuibm . —We do not feel much alarmed by the probability that

      Britannia will leave off her petticoats ; but the news from Kaffir-land makes ua seriously apprehensive that she may give up her Cape . —Punch . Qubkr Lodgings . —A writer , giving an account of the Boston jubilee , of which he declares hirnie ! f an eye-witness , describes the night's lodging thus •—• ' Tvienty in a room , and three in a bed ; beside * thousands in baby-jumpers hooked to the limbs of trees on the common . " Mit . Hobbs . —In consequence of the success of Mr . Hobbs as a picker of "locks , " he has , we believe , been consulted on the subject of one or two mysterious " bolts" that have lately been made by persons rather overburdened with pecuniary liabilities . —fltneft .

      The Holidays or Lawmakers . —The "Connecticut Courant" says : — "The English Parliament , the oldest of constitutional bodies , adjourned to attend the Derby races ; the Legislature of California , the youngest , adjourned to witness a bull and bear fight . " Tkb Ald « ruan ' b Advice so uis Sos . —Mr . Gobble . — " You see , Sam , you are a tverry young man ; and when I am took away ( which , in the common course of events , can ' t be werry long fust , ) you will have a great deal of property . Now , 1 have only one piece of advice to give you . It ' s this —and by all means act upon it : —Lay down plenty of port in your youth , that you may have a good bottle of wine in your old age . "—Punch .

      A Rbsponsb . —The " Star Spangled Banner " says that , not long since , in South Carolina , a clergyman who was preaching on the disobedience of Jonah when commanded to go and preach to the Ninevltea , exclaimed in a voice of thunder , that paised through the congregation like an electric shock , " and are there any Jonahs here ? " 'I here was a negro present whose name was Jonah , who , thinking himself called on , immediately arose , and turning up his white eye , with his broadest grin , replied , " Here be one , Massa . "

      Inoratwubb . —Garrlck applying to Lord Rochford to appoint a Mr . Glover , ft surgeon in the Essex militia , says— " He is a most skilful , wonhy man , a good writer , and a steady friend to government . I have known him long , he is much beloved , and the worst thing I ever heard of him was , that , by his skill in his profession , ho recovered a thief , after he had hung half an hour , and which thief , before he had healed the circle the rope had made , picked Glover ' s pocket by way of gratitude , and never thanked him fur his good offices . "

      Lump ' bm . —A young Wesleyan student recently occupied , on Sunday morning , the pulpit of one of their chapels in Manchester , and in his prayer he prayed for the Queen , Prince Albert , and each of the Royal babesby name , thenproceeded to theDuchessol ' Kent , and got as far as the King of ilanover , when a blunt , honest countryman , who happened to be a worshipper , tired of this long catalogue , cried out aloud" Lump ' em ' . lump ' em I" A hearty " Amen !" from the congregation testified how feelingly they entered into the countryman ' s request , to the surprise and confusion of the " man in black . "Doncaster Chronicle .

      A SuapBisB . —A buxom Parisian widow recently married a youthful poet . After the weddin « she took iiim aside , and , in a penitential tone , begged his for giveness for having deceived him in declaringthat her income amounted to two thousand franksa-ytar . " And you haven ' t it ? " asked tbe poet ; adding , after a pause , " Well , it ' s of no consequence—don ' t trouble your head ahout such a-trifle !"— "But , you misunderstand me , " said the bride , " I only mis-stated the amount—it is twenty thousand ! " The account states that the poet pardoned her , the other way , with equal facility !

      Danger of Buying Game from Hawkbrs . — The Metropolitan licensed dealers in game have formed themselves into a society , to put down the unlicensed sellers , and officers are employed by them to carry the lasv into force . Que of the clauses of the Game Act enforces a penalty of £ f > on any person purchasing game from an unlicensed dealer ; and during the last few days , at the instance of these officers , several parties have been fined for so buying . The penalties were , however , reduced , as they did not know that they were committing any offence . Husbano and Wife should run together on an equality ; it is dangerous for either to take the lead . The most difficult driving is that of a tandem 1

      Hasty Thoughts . —Be not too ready to pronounce that what you think a bad youth will necessarily became a bad man . Yonder sturdy oak may have grown from an acorn that had been rejected by a hog ! Logic—A gentleman naked a country clergyman for the use of his pulpit for a young divine , a relation of his . " I really do not know , " said the clergyman , " how to refuse jou ; but if the young man could preach better than me , my congregation will bo dissatisfied with mo afterwards , and if he should preach worse , I don't think he ' s fit to preach at all . "

      Pohk Chops for a Horsb!—At Rotherham Statutes , on Monday week , a gentleman who wanted a feed of provender for his horse , sent his servant man with a shilling to buy some " chop " for a bait . The simple fellow , unused to stable parlance , went to a park-butouer ' s shop , and invested the whole shilling in pork chops , with which he hastened back to his master and the hungry horse . A Wiseacre . —A countryman from a parish in the neighbourhood of Banff , on his return from the Great Exhibition , astonished a native who had not been so far travelled , with the observation , " 1 Saw , man , in the British Museum , a lot o' beasts , but they were only stuffit with straw and pob ; and I saw the tame beasts a' leevin' when I went to the Theological Gardens in the Regent ' s Park . ' '

      A Thikf Detector . —A remarkably simple but certain detector of thieves has been invented by Messrs . Biddle and Company , of St . John-street , Clerltenwell . It consists of a double-shaped wedge , and can be placed to windows , shutters , or doors , charged with an electric ball , and upon the slightest pressure a report as of a pistol takes place , at the same time defying entrance . It is also so constructed that a wax taper can be affixed to the wedge , which , on the explosion , will ignite .

      Hist to a IIioh-Flving LAWIER . —The late Judge Peace of the Supreme Court of the State of Ohio , was a noted wag . A young lawyer was once making his first effort before him , and had thrown himself on the wings of his imagination into the seventh heaven , and was seemingly preparing for a higher ascent , when the judge struck his rule on the desk two or three times , exclaiming to tbe astonished orator , " Hold on , hold on , my dear i-ir . Don ' t go any higher , for you are already out of the jurisdiction of the court . "

      Gas . —Since the establishment of the Great Central Gas Company in London , the price of gas throughout the city has been reduced from IK to 4 « . 6 d . per thousand cubic feet . The consumption of gas has increased from 45 , 000 , 000 to 750 . 000 , 000 f « et . A dividend of 7 d per cent , has already been declared , aud a promise held out that 10 per cent ., on all the capital paid up , will be returned to the shareholders before the company is eighteen months old .

      ACROSTIC , DESCRIPTIVE OP THE SEVEN WONDERS OF THE WORLD . W atclv Tower of Ptolemy . O lympian Jupiter ' s Statue . N ebuchadnezMr of Babylon ' s Gardens . D i'lna's Temple of Ephesus , E gypiian Pyramids , K . limits , its Colossus . S epuichre of Mansalus , King of Caria .

      No 1uov6 Fills Nor Sj-I,- »!L,«Rga&Gt;Ji:,&Lt;;S, 50,0110 Cukes L!V Dc Haluty's D E V A L E -\ ? T A. A 11 A Bio A F O O D, I~V N Pie-Isaiit Inul Clu'ctipil _ Remedy (Without Mi'dieiuo . »*• -¦¦&Lt; Ui Iilii Ii Units

      No 1 UOV 6 Fills nor sj-i ,- »! l , « rga > ji :, <; s , 50 , 0110 CUKES l ! V DC HAlUtY'S D E V A L E - \ T A . A 11 a BIO A F O O D , i ~ v n pie-isaiit inul clu'ctipil _ remedy ( without mi'dieiuo . »*• - ¦¦< ui iilii ii units

      Ad00311

      .... „ ., „ . > - :. \| ' ( :, as saves uuy us eoEC i" oihcr means of cure ) . 'lcstimoiiuils from ) inrti > s of imquesSioiiilblc respectability luir « attested t hut it supersedes iii-. d ' miiie of every description in th tUvctuiil ami { . rrinuiitirit removal of iniligestiou (• lyi--jiepsi .-i ) , cunstipati n , stud diarrlicea . nervousness , biliousness , liver complaint , tlxtuleucr . distension , palpitation of the heart , nervous headache , deafness , nmaes in ihe heart ntul car . * , j ,: iinB in the dust , between the shuuldurs and in almost every part of the tiodv , chroniu uiihminiiitinn

      Ad00312

      ^ o les s than eleven iiiooi . ' ! t : ' r . v fi'cs occurred durine ; the p-. wt v- tefe in th > - ; i » ri > : uitiital districts . The Duke' of Xoi-ibiiml . e . l ; iii-i has given ordera for tiio cotiMrtiction of si thousand new and comforUHliMlwf . l : no .- < for tho hbom'CiB on his grace ' s estates in Northumberland .

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Nov. 29, 1851, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_29111851/page/3/