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Northern Star (1837-1852), 29th July 1848, Edition 2 of 4, Page 3

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      J " Sortr The Uly 29, 1848. The Nortbbrn...

      July 29 , 1848 . THE NoRTBBRN STAft . 3 "

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      To The People. The Wiad That Shalws The ...

      TO THE PEOPLE The wiad that shalws the trembling leaf , Gives health and vigour to the stem ; The reign of tyrants must be brief , And right tho * crushed , shall come again , The thunder cloud , with darkened look Hay hang suspended for a time ; The lightning ' s flub , who would not brook , And after meet the bright sunshine . So freedom ' s onward course may seem To wear the low'ring aspect dim , But be prepar'd to help the stream , And on the tide to sink or swim . The glorious day shall soon appear , When liberty with magio spell , Shall shake tke earth-madj lords with fear , And strike the bloody tyrants' knell . Ts toiling myriads , know your pow ' r !

      Arisa frum ' neath the oppressors' heel ; Asf ert your birthri ght from this hear , Asd labour for the common weal . The spirit of the times with might , Calls on unceasing for each slave , To strike with energy for right , And win the laurels of the brave . K . W . M

      Huzza Foe The Rule Of The Whigs! Air—' O...

      HUZZA FOE THE RULE OF THE WHIGS ! Air— ' Old Rosin the Beau . ' As matters now stand in this ill-fated realm . Whsn Ola comrade will give ns the slip . We are s ! ran » ely compelled to put men at the helm , To prevent them from scuttling the shi p . Only think , for a moment , if Russell were out , How wild he'd be running his rigs I About populsr rights he would make such a rout'Tis lucky wfc ' re ruled by the Whigs . Tie Church — can you doubt whnt her danger would be

      Were the Tories at present In power ! £ ord John , or his frieads , we should certainly see Attacking her posts every hour . Bat aj . ' aug as tfie . Bishops issy help out hi » l « ase _ He won ' t injure a hair of their wigg , Kay , he even proposes their list to increase—S * fcnzia for the rule of the Whigs I If Grey were at large , how he'd lay down the law On the cores he lor Ireland had found ; And swear that he never world rest till he saw Her Establishment raz jd to the ground , But Grey , while ia oSce , sits OMSid and mum , Like a small bird asleep in the twigs ; And Ward , in tbe Commons , is equally dumb—So OCEX 3 for the rule of the Whi gs ! If any of us had made war on Repeal

      With the weapons that Clarendon tries , What shrieks of indignant invective from Shiel At tha wrongs of Old Erin would rise . By millions of noisy Milesians beck'd From the pser to tke peasant that digs—How would Monaghau murmur that juries were pack ' s * — So huzza fer the rule of the Whigs ! Oa Alieas and Chartists to hear them declaim , Yon'd think Castlereajh come from the dead . Theagh the mixture of metaphors isn ' t the same , And the courage and coolness are fled . Bat the Whigs are becoming respectable men Aj any that ever kept gigs , They are practising now all they preached against

      thenso huzza for the rale ef the Whigs ! Go on , my good lac ' s—never think of retreat , Though anney'd by a tquib or a squirt ; You ' re fulfilling the fate such impastors should meet , And ealing jour bnihel of dirt . Then swallow it fast , for your hour say not last , We shall soon it it pleases tbe pigs , Give your places to men of a duT = rent cast , And get rid of the rule of the Whigs I —Blaehc & i ' s Magazine .

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      Analogies And Contrasts; Or. Com. Paraov...

      ANALOGIES AND CONTRASTS ; OR . COM . PARAOVE SKETCHES OF FRANCE AND ENGLAND . By the author of ' Revelations of Russia . " London : T . C . Newby , 72 , Mortimerstreet , Cavendish-square . "We feel great pleasure in welcoming a new work from the author of the ' Revelations of Russia . ' Hia sound principles , cosmopolitan sympathies , and , above all , his earnest regard for truth , make him a Safe guide , a trusty adviser , and 'best possible instructor . '

      This book , which almsst in every page predicts tbe Revolution of February last , was , as v : e know , in Course ef preparation many months before that catastrophe . It is true it needed ' no ghost come frsrn the grave , ' or other extraordinary power , supernatural or natural , to predict that Louis Philippe ' s system of corruption , craft , and lies , must , some day Dr other , perish of its own rottenness . Still had this work been published , as it was in the press , before the revolution ef February . it would have been considered 8 remarkable production , and must have excited & degree of interest scarcely inferior to that excited bj the author ' s ' Revelations of Russia . ' As it is . this work possesses no slight value , showing 83 it does , what was the damnable system of government established by Louis Philippe , and what is the coadition of the great mass of the French people .

      As the title betokens , a considerable portion of this work is appropriated to showing tbe resemblances or contrasts of England and France , in their political institutions , social condition , material and intellectual power , and national characteristics . The points of contrast are pretty generally understood ; but it will astonish many of the English readers of this work to learn how very much their French neighbours resemble themselves , notwithstanding sges of contention asd national [ some have asserted , natural , 1 enmity . Another portion is devoted to personal sketches of Louis Philippe , and the celebrities of France , boih ' dynastic' and revolutionary . The foreign policy of France ( nnder Louis Philippe ) occupies some chapters , and includes certain

      striking revelations of the Spanish marriages . One object « f the author , predominant throughout this work , is the promotion of fraternal relations between France and England , is the great pledge for the advancement of all nations ; an object which must command the good wishes of all true friends to progress . A . theory sosnewhatnovel , but to our thinking perfectly siund , ia broached by our author , to the effect that the social comfoit aud happiness of the people depends everywhere upon their political freedsm ; that men consume more varied and better food , live langer , and enjoy in a higher degree the advantages of civilisation , in proportion to tfeeir command over the government . It has been said , that the vices or virtues of a state are the effect * of its legislation ; to the same causa our autkor traces the miserable er comfortable condition of the mass of the people , in the several states of Europe and America . We

      oost-• pone the author s ' Introduction , ' written since the Revolution of February ; we shall revert to it when we have done with the bulk of the work . lie is well acquainted with the French people , having , both as an equestrian and pedestrian , travelled through and seen the greater part of France , lie made one journey , tbe length ot five hundred miles , on foot . He has been a traveller by the diligence and other modes of conveyance , and has made not less than twenty distinct visits to that country . He has kept company with the aristocrat , the bourgeois , the arti . Ban , the peasant , the soldier , the smuggler , and the chamois hunter . He has been favoured with the friendship or acquaintance of the Orleanist , the Legitimist , the Republican , the bigot , the infidel , the speculator , and the Comrrnnist . He has been present at marriages , christenings , and burials ; he has seen all classes live , and many Frenchmen die .

      Two narions , says our author , play in our own times & greater part in tbe old world than the Greeks or Romans in the world of antiquity . Page upon page follows in proof cf this assertion . We quote the following : —

      HOPEiS PX 0 GEIE 3 . Yrem csnsritafionti forms of government , from the code Sapoleoa , free trade , and anti-slavery agitationfrom the exteasien of the press , the establishment of baafe £ —from the Invention of the rail , the steam-boat , the cotton . nrU , and ths elettric telegraph down to the daguerroiyp ? , and the painless operation—nineteentwentieihi of these discoveries and institutions whioh 0 < mstUuta the turn of a « ttwl civilUsAiou , are due to the Anglo-Saxcns or the French . France resembles Great Britain in the extent and concentration of its population , and shares with Great Britain ( in a lesser degree ) the advantage of having feer frontier guarded by natural defences . In the old world , France is only second to Great Britain in the extent cf its commercial navy , of its foreign cammerce , of its manufactures , in the quality of food censnmed by its population , & o ., & z . Our author sdds : —

      Tne French is the only extensive race betides the Anglo Saxon , which has achieves responsible gorernoent . The national mlad ef France , as evinced iu its Htera . lure—that necessary result either of Its aptitndo or of its cui- . vcation , or of both—can alone compete with that Of Great Britain . Taken as a whole—scientific , imaginative , and learned—what literature laving aside the English ) can bs placed before it . Prance , therefore , either in intellect or education , and in the author ' s belief in both , must be ranked with Great Brilais , at the head of all other nations .

      EDCCATDN . Though there really may exist a greater amount of Utter ignorance in France than is to bs found in certain absolute states , she is sail , in the aggregate possession of a hi gher order of knowledge , far in the advance of those countrlti , which lu tie gtnsral diffusion of its medi . ocrity . may claim over her tht sams superiority which

      Analogies And Contrasts; Or. Com. Paraov...

      the Chinese might reasonably arrogate above thtm-¦ elves , France is furthermore distinguished from all other continental states by the impartial administration of the law , which—openly » arketabla in tho east of Europe—is notoriously liable to Iiflaence In Its central states not excepting Prussia , and despite the eelf-laudatory dictum of its sovereign , In his speech at theopeni » of the Diet . Franca , therefore , taken as & state , and the French people as a community , can only be likened to tke empire and pesple of Great Britain , in the superiority of their position ( relative to tha remainder of Europe ) in paint of wealth , power , and intelligence . FRANCE LVD ENsLiKB CuSIf AMD , France exceeds in mast things all the great European powers combined ; but when we contrast France with Great Britain , wg find her as f jr behind Great Britain as she is la advance of other Continental states .

      Thus France exceeds the three powers in the extent of her trade . Great Britain ia her commerce doubles France . France doubles the thrss powers in the extent of her navy . Great Britain more than trebles France . In the extent of Its middle class , France exceeds the Continent : France has 1 , 164 , 000 subjects enjoying an income abeve £ -21 . Great Britain has more than two millions and a qaaiter enjoying upwards of £ 40 . annually . In the quantity of fond consumed by its pepulation , France averages donble the quantity of wheat and double the quantity of sugar consumed by thepopulatioa of the absolutely governed states ; in France 8 S 1 pounds of wheat , ami G to 1 \ pounds of sugar are consumed per head . In the United K'ngdom S 36 pounds ( and taking only Great Btitain , 44 C pounds per head of wheat ) and ID pounds of sugar , are eonsnmsd .

      During 1847 , £ 68 000 . 000 have been raised in France , The revenue of Russia , Prussia and Austria , whose subjects are still more severely taxed in proportion to their ability to ppy , is collectively £ 43 , 000 , 000 . The United Kingdom levies onlj fifty mUHoas of taxes ; but as its income is computed at 550 millions , and that of France at 320 mi ' . lions of pounds sterling , it Is obvious that Great Britain could without greater pressure raise double the present revenue of France , [ It ehould have been stated , however , that many subjects of local or special taxation in England are in France discharged by the Government : were everything brought to a comparative account , it would be found , we think , that England pays the msst . *]

      It is also worthy remark , that in Russia more than a third ef the whole revenue is derived from the brandy farms ; which , when the low price at which it is sold , the profits of the brandy farmers , and the produce of illicit distillation are nk-. n into account , suppose the consumption of a prodigious quantity of ardent spirits . If we turn next to Prussia , attempted to be imposed on us as s sp ? cimen of model administration , we find twenty . four pints of distilled liquor the share of each individual ; whilst in Ireland , the land of whiskey , the

      average —nine before Father Matthew ' s reign—la since only about seven ; and in the United Kingdom , including London with its gin palaces , something undtr six and a hslf . If we draw a line through Europe , separating the Western and cenititotionalfrom the absolutely governed states of the Centre and of the East , we shall find that cur British exports to Holland , Belgium , Spain , Portugal , and FraBce , notwithstanding tbe illiberal tariffs of Francs and Spain , average three shillings for each individual , whilst for Central and Eastern Europe only one shilling and eightpence .

      To the Russian empire our export are eightpence and a fraction for each inhabitant . The distinctions of individual character between tha Englishman and the Frenchman though considerable , are yet less than divide the English from all other continentals .

      THE FKENCH AKD ENGLISH PEOPLE . Fire and water—light and darkness—black and white —have so leng been held as less antithetical tbas French and English character , that we are apt to allow these profound analogies to escape us , whilst tempted to assign an uadue weight to trivial contradictions . Many foreigners , it is true , are less unlike ns in externals , but on mature investigation nose will be fennd mare to resemble us In essentials than the French . The Dutchman ' s phlegm , the German ' s medltatlveness , the Spaniard ' s gravity , the Turk ' s sedateness , appears at first sight more consonant with British earnestness than the vivacious levity of tbe Frenchsssn ,

      Yet is this frivolity of form exponent of more real frivolity t Far from it . In the terious energy of hia purssits , and In their practical aud expressive character , the Frenchman alone bears any likeness to the Briton , The German ' s tendency to barren speculation , the Spaniard ' s stolid conceit , the Turk ' s barbaric pride , the Dnchman ' s contractive egotism , are more fitted to denote a want of maturity in the national mind , and indicative of less real gravity than the clamorous viva , city exhibits with which the French pursue important objects . The Spaniard and tho Moslemin solemnly trifle away existence over the cigarette or chibouqe .

      The German muses away its most Intellectual portion in gratifying a sensation by the cultivation of harmony , or in weaving as entangled web of words in a pedantic attempt to generalise and classify . The more practical Hollander—covetous of his riches end jealous of his liberties , but regarding wealth as an end and only comprehending freedom in its personal application—restricts bis activity within tho most selfish limits . But can it be said—If we judge by results , the truest of all teststhat the grave demeanour of any of these nations essen . tially as much assimilates to the energetic seriousness of thepopnlation ot these islands , even as the volatile enthusiasm and noisy earnestness of the French 1

      The French ana English people , though in nothing more distinct than in their religieng , are still both alike , inaccessible to plausibility in religion . All the graces of a Erndener , and all the genius of a Mitzkiavltcb , would not in this direction bs more effective than the valgar energy of an illiterate , or the vehemence of an insane impostor ; because tbe national lucidity of intellect discerns at once that no effort of reason can ever solve , or render through any conceivable hypothesis less asteundirg , —tbe awful mystery of first causes . Hence tbe resolcie rejection of that which never ean ba proven from intermixture with facts cf which the demonstration lies within human compass , by both people , and the eoincident liability of the few amongst the Anglo-Saxon race to accept religious theories the most extravagant .

      Our author maintains that the cbivalroas spirit more extensively pervades the French and English than other people , excepting , perhaps , the Swedish and Norwegians ; this spirit—one of the most powerful levers which ever moved humanity—is inherited in France and England , no less by the lowly than by the exalted .

      CHIViLSI 0 J THE PBENCHHAN . However rude , vicious and brutalised that ' proleiaire ' may seem , wbose vindictive envy of all above him is stamped In tha habitual expression of bis countenance , he is still capable , if you appeal to bis honour , of the utmost magnanimity . In the very midst of riot and excitement , when compensating himself—armed , triumphant and in rags , — by a day of anarchy for years of undoubted misery and supposed oppression , not one but a hundred instances are on record of bis generosity to a fallen foe and his abstinence from teropticg appropriation . That soldier whose temperament tbe strife beats into blood-thirstiness , in whom the traditions of French armies inspire tbe thirst for plunder , ana whose natural impetuosity unfits him for prolonged

      endurance or exertion , is yet seen merciful in the battle and on the breach , strictly honest in his charge , and patient when suffering privation and fatigue . But with both the soldier and the artisan these qualities are elicited by an appeal to his cbivalric or patriotic feeling . Three times out of fire your life and property is safe if you have the presence of mind to place It under the Safeguard of bisfeon'var . When meditating violence or spoliation address him in his character of Frenchman and the chacces are that he will forego his fnrpose to act as ho conceives a Frenchman ought to act . Amidst the weariness and hunger of the march , in the winter ' s snow or the deserfs sand , the invocation of henour , of patriotism and glory , arrests his murmurs and supplies tbe place of

      warmth , shade , water , bread and sinew . Tfee very expression of tbe drunken operative or soldier , when reeling in the kennel he strikes his breast and hiccups out 'JezKisFr-r-r . ravcaisl'ia bat the grotesque expression of a characteristic which universally pervades and elevates hit people . Even in the prison and the bagnio , amongst those whose hand Is egainst seciety , and whom society has stricksn , crime and its consequent disgrace have rarely wholly smothered the feeling whicfe redeems this degradation , The convict boosts of bis nationality , he shows a rough good faith to his comrades , and though he is insensible to the mark of the hot-Iron which brands him with bis shame , he feels and resents as an indignity the accusation of being a 'mouchard ' or spy upon his fellows .

      1 VENDEAN tTOBI . < It was three days after the destruction of the Chateau de la Peniisiere , ' said the Informant of the writer , * that after being eighteen hours ou foot , I crept into tbe oven of a metsiria ( farm house ) In which tha farmer ' s wife concealed me , as a picket of gendarmerie and a detachment of the line were in the adjacent village . Whilst I web asleep two soldiers came down to the farm bouse , and It so happened that tbe farmer ' j sister seeking a dry faggot from the oven , and not feeing aware that I was In It , screamed so loud on perceiving me as to attract their attention . Before I knew where I was I felt mjiQlf dragged out by the legs , disarmed and bound . There were but two women and a boy upon the farm , and my case seemed hopeless as the soldiers drove me before them with fired bayonets towards the village ;'

      ' Brigand ! ' said one , a corporal— ' not so fast ; if you attempt : o swerve right or left , 1 * 11 send a charge of lead through you . ' 1 Blanc bee . ( greenhorn ) ' I replied , * I am no more a brlgani than yourself . 1 wag a soldier and 1 saw blood drawn before you ever handled a musket . You would not both together have mastered me now , if it bad not been for that woman ' s treachery , —f Dr bo at that moment I believed . ' * You are a braggart , ' replied the corparol , ' and I ht ve s great mind if you repeat your words to put a sword into your hand , end take you over again or run you throug h the body . ' Try , ' sail I . 'No sooner said than done , Taking his companion ' s sword , he warned him to shoot mo

      Analogies And Contrasts; Or. Com. Paraov...

      through the head if I attempted to escape , and then handing It te me , he drew his own and loosed the wellrope with which he had bound my arms . You know , sir , that « n the royal guard I had learned the use of the steel . We did not fight long I promise you . Once , twice , thrice , and I ran him through the arm . The other levelled his musket , bat the wounded man called shame upon him-thatit was an affair of honour . Then he shall fight ms now . ' n , J the 00 rPsral , « he would sp it you like a quail , let him give back your sword and be off with him One half hour he shall have , and then we'll hunt him to the death . ' ' Bon voyage , my friends , ' saldT . ' and ton minutes after I was safe in the tall broom . ' Our author gives some amusing illustrations of English chivalry , as illustrated by the deeds of cab men and other similar character , for which we must refer the reader to the work itself

      . Commenting on the abominations of the passport system , our author tells a story of a traveller sent sixteen miles , on foot , in the custody of a corporal ' s guard , because his eyebrows were not as described in the passport-blue . Passing over the particulars of this story we select another equally good .

      PiSSPOETS . A spinster lady , applying for her pasport , and disposed to be facetious , remarks aloud to her companion that the functionary before them reminded her of the apothecary in Romeo and Juliet . This observation , If apt , la in this respsct inopportune that it is perfectl y understood by the employe , who not only has studied the English language , but being a zealous partizan of the romantic ( as distinguished from the classic ) drama , is deeply read In Shakespeare , and feels in no wise flattered by the oomparisen the fair stranger baa Instituted . Bat tho means of retribution are in his hands , in the shape of a pen and a printed form , which , after polite Inquiries as to the lady's name , age , destination , & c , ha proceeds to fill « p un ' . il he comes to the signalement or personal description , often considerately left in blank In a female ' s passport . Hsre , in characters as dark as Ouyot ' s mere de la petite vertu could make them , he inscribes his revenge ,

      To the horror of tbe lady who bad been 80 satirical on the outraged empltye , she found when tbe document was banded to ber , that he had thus depicted her . Hair , false ; forehead , low ; eyebrows , dyed ; eyes , small , greenish ; nose , flat ( nee epate ) and complexion tanned ( teint basarte ) . Her a f e , which had been set down as she had given it , at thirty-five years , was accompanied by the remark 1 looks fifty-three . ' And worse than all , this libel which the victim was bound herself to exhibit throughout France—like all libels ( at least according to tbe view taken by the British law ef these issuers ) was heightened in malignity by tho fact that its truth was undeniable .

      Our author maintains , that thoueh modern Gaul scarcely deserves the title of' BelleJFrance' it is still the finest country of the European continent . In the cocaitien of its people & striking inequality exists betwton its town and rural population . The real French people—the people which thick ? , feels , and acts , is confined to the cities . In thefol owing extract we are made tocomprehend why universal suffrase has resulted in the election of tke present rascally Assembly . It must be borne in mind that tho following passages were written some months before the late revolution . Mr Smythe , in his historic sketches , g ives a cbatactBriatic dlelogue between an ultra-liberal deputy and an English Radical , in which the former is utterly astounded to hear bis English host advocating universal suffrage , vote by ballot , and liberty of instruction , which in France , the mast thorough-going partisans of tbe old Bourbon monarchy would so eagerly accept .

      In point of fact , the legitimists , who in the columns of the G » ZBTTB de FaaNOE and the Qbotidiehne ( before the fusion of the royalist organs ) called with apparent inconsistency for measures seemingly so liberal—and the liberals of all shades of opinion repudiating them—acted ou an identical conviction , that of the ignorance and unfitness of the majoiity to preserve even the liberties it had acquired . Universal seffrage , It Is believed by the intelligent of all parties , would even now in France rapidly conduce to the restoration of absolutism and of church-domination . The poor aud ignorant cultivator furnished with a vo' . e weald resign It through bigotry or Indifference directly ,

      or by the intermedium of his wife , into tha hands of the curate , government functionary , mayor , or of ths wealthiest man in hie village . For one vote gained to tha liberal cause in the towns , three might be lost In the country ; and when it is considered that the two successive constitutional governments which France has had , bave found means ( by the application to its forms of that system of centralisation bequeathed to them by the Empire , ) not only to arrest in a great measure the progress of r . form , but often to encroach upon its conquests ; It may be judged in how far the national liberties would be at the mercy of the crown when armed with such an accession of its strength .

      According to our author , the natives of Bnfancy are renowned for their stupidity . A sergeant of the French Army thus describes them . — * Whea these Bretons arrive as conscripts the first thing done ia to burn their clothes , cu ' . close their hair , end soak them for whs . ' e hours in soap end water ; after some weeks wo succeed in teaching them to distinguish the right leg from tho left , and by dint of care , v ; e develope their intelligence at length to the level of that of an average trooper ' s horse , yet with time , sir . these very men make the best , steadiest , and stanchest men in the whole army , excepting the inhabitants of tbe Ardeche . ' This review will be continued in the Star of Saturday next .

      • We Have Adopttd This Remark From A Rev...

      • We have adopttd this remark from a review In tbe e JECIlIOB .

      Sketches Of Her Majesty S Household. Lon...

      Sketches of Her Majesty s Household . London : W , Strange , 21 , Paternoster-row . This elegant li'tle book contains full particulars of the offices which constitute the royal establishment , the salaries attached to the various appointments , the amount of pensions upon retirement , or superannuation , & c , & c . Professedly this book forms , audi indeed , is— 'A Guide to Situations in the Sovereign ' s Domestic Establishment ; ' but is also something more—a guide to the people in their search after the truth respecting the fripperies and fellies of monarchy , and the coat of those trappings to the community . Monarchy is no doubt a very wise and excellent institution . If any one doubts the * wisdom' or the ' excellence , ' history will dispel those

      dnnbts . From the time of Nimkod to Saol ( appointed King of the Jews under rather peculiar circumstan - ces , — vide 1 Samuel , chaps , viii ., ix ., x ., ) from the time of Saul to Herod , from the time of Tiberius to the bastard Nobman William , and from his time to that of tha bastard-begetter , ' Fum the Fourth , ' all history proclaims tho wisdom and the virtue of kings . The humanity , chastity , sagacity , and moderation of kings all men acknowledge ; and the happiness of the nations over which they have ruled , never knowing want , war or slavery , sufficiently testifies to tbe ' wisdom' of those remote ' ancestors ' who first abdicated their own sovereignty to make way for the majesty of kings ! Still , with all our admiration for royalty , and our special veneration for

      the Queen of these realms , it strikes us that monarchy would lose nothing of veritable majesty , and our veneration would not be at all weakened , if inrtead of nearly cJ ? 400 , 000 being yearly expended upon the sovereign ; a decent allowance—say something like the American President ' s salary—were voted annually by the Parliament , and what is now lavished upon the drones of the court employed in raising the people from tqualid misery , to comfortable , well-re quited labour . We cannot see that * Bedchamber Women . ' Lords in Waiting , ' * Gentlemen of the Privy Chamber , ' 'Gentlemen Ushers cf the Privy Chamber , ' ' Grooms of tbe Privy Chamber , ' ' King ' s

      of Arms and Ueralda , ' ' Pages of the Back Stairs , ' « The Gentlemen of the Wine Cellar , ' ' The Hereditary Grand Falconer , ' and some scores of similar officials arenecessary for tbe comfort or dignity of the monarch , or at all calculated to strengthen that attachment to the monarchy which , unJoubtedly—we have the declaration of noble lords and M . P . ' s for it —throbs in the breast of every' free-born Briton ' . ' The court jester has been long banished from the presence of royalty , why should the Poet Laureate remain ? Or if Wobdswokth is a necessary appendage , why should §*** # *»*** be defrauded of his due ? A ehocking bad Parliamentary buffoon , might make a very respectable court

      fool ! In this book , Johh Bull may learn how the money goes . Take a few items : —The Baroness Lehzen , £ 400 a year . Lady Wilds £ 1 , 000 a year . This lady is the wife of the merciful and impartial Lord Chief Justice Wilde , who enjoys a salary of A 81 OUU yearlv , and who is also enjoying the prayers ot the wives and children of certain victims of Wbiggery , at present located in Westminiter Bridewell and elsewhere . EarlSpascER , Lord Chamberlain , ± . 2 MW yearly . Lord Edttabd Gboboe FnzaLiN ""™ > Vice Chamberlain , £ 924 yearly . We pass by the Mistress of the Robes , the Ladies of the Bedchamber , the Maids of Honour , th a iieacharober Women , & e , &? . Eight Lords in

      Waiting [ including a Lord Byron !] £ 702 . per annum each . Eight Grooms in Waitinp , consisting ot ' Baronets' and ' Honourables , ' (!) £ 33512 i . 6 d . P |> r annum each . The Master of the Ceremonies ± juu per annum . Four Gentlemea Ushers of the ^ my Chamber , each £ 200 yearly . Passing over a host ot Gentlemen XUere , Daily Waiters , GrOOMS of the Privy Chamber , Quarterly Waiters " » Ordinary , and Grooms of the Great Chamber , we notice t ^ nt Sergeants-at-Arros , vbose duties . at thotime of their in titution by Richard I , wow to ' capture any rai ; tors about the Court , and other great onenders , and to bold watch outside tbe King ' s tent , dressed in complete armour , and armed with a bow and arrows , a sword , and the mace of office . ' We have no room f « r . nt ;^ tho FapeR of the Baek Stairs , the Pages Ot

      the Pr « enoe , the State Pages , Page of the Chambers , the Poet Laureate , & c . We may state that tne Examiner of Plays , that is , the Censor of the Mage , who holds his appointment in the gift of tae Loru Chamberlain , enjoys a salary of £ 400 per annum . The situation is , at present , he ' d by Mr Jons Milchbll Kbmblb . However poorly her Majesty « subiectsmay be attended to by the medical officers ot Poor Law UBioDj . it will be soma satisfaction W 8 UCl 1

      Sketches Of Her Majesty S Household. Lon...

      parties to learn that , in that respect , her Majesty is pretty well attended to . The Royal Medical Establishment consists of Two Physicians in Ordinary , n ? e f hysicians Extraordinary , two Phyaician-aoooucneurs , a Physician te the Household , two Sergeant surgeons , a Surgeon-accoucheur , a Surgeon to the tlousehold , four Surgeons Extraordinary , two Apothecaries to the Portion , three Apothecaries to the Household , two Apothecaries Extraordinary , two surgeon Dentists , a Dentist to the Household , an Aunsr , an Oculist , and Surgeon-Chiropodist ; besides two Apothecaries to her Majesty in the Isle of Wight ! We shall leave th ? Master of tho Tennis Court , the Keeper of the Swans , and her Majesty '*) Bands of Music , and come at once to the Lord Steward ' s Department . The present Lord Steward

      Larl FoRiBtcuB , receives £ 2 , 000 per annum , Lord Arthur Marcus Hill , Treasurer of the Household , £ 904 per annum . The Comptroller of the Household , £ 004 yearly . Colonel Bowlbs , Master of the Uoueehold £ 1 . 158 per annum . There are a host of oier & sof the Khehen ; the present Clerk Comp-Broiler , who was formerly 3 / Vntman to Lord Uxbbidgb , receives £ 700 a-year . The number of cooks , and , as Jack would call them , ' cook ' smates , ' almost defy enumeration . The Chief Cook receives £ 700 a-year . The Gentleman of the Wine and Beer Cellars { saying nothing about Ytomend ) and Groom (!) receives £ S 00 a-year . Leaving unnoticed a host of subordinates , we come to the Master of the Horse Ihe present ' Master' is the Duke of Norfolk , who enjoys a sahry of £ 2 , 500 a-year . ' The privilege of

      uaving : tne use ot a Coachman , four Footmen , and halt a-dozan Grooms , belonging to the Sovereign , and paid tor out of the Civil List , has always been ent & u ii ? d never waived by a Master of the Horse . When tbeDuko of Moktaqu held tho appointment , be r » ther excetded the prescribed number . lie had tour tootmen , whose salaries were £ 53 per annum each : one Coachman at £ 05 ; one Stable-helper at idO ; and eix Grooms , at £ 60 a year each ; thus saving , ux wages to his servants , no less than between £ 600 and

      £ 700 a-year . " T he salary of Chief Equerry and C ^ erk-Marshal , is £ 1 , 000 a-year . The four Equerries in Ordinary receive £ 750 a-year each . Earl Granvillb , the Master of the Buck Hounds , receives £ 1 , 700 a-year . The office of Hereditary Grand Fal-° /^ i o 8 filled by the Duke of St Alban ' s at a salary of £ 1 , 200 a-year ; 'but , as her Majesty possesses not a single hawk , the Duke ' s knowledge ot falconry hag never yet been called into requisition . We may , therefore , term tho appointment a perfect sinecure . ' We must refer the reader to the work itself for

      information respecting the GenUemen . at-Arrcs , the Yeo . men of tbe Queen ' s Guard , Ac . Prince Albert is Governor and Constable of Windsor Castle . * There are no duties to be performed , an < l the office is , consequently , a sinecure , with a salary of £ 1 , 120 5-year . ' Prince Albert is also Raseer of the Home Park at Win der , with a salary of £ 500 a-year , and tha privilege of fcnrajng out . cograzdin the Park , a certain number of sheep and cattle , whioh is a source of considerable profit . His Royal Highness is also Ranger of ^ the Great Park , with extensive and profitable privileges . It is generally known that tbe sum allowed to her Majesty for her private use ( ' Privy Purse' ) is

      , £ 60 , 000 a year . The Keeper of Her Majesty ' s Privy Purse ( whose duties comprise little more than signing a few checks , occasionally , upon Messrs Coutts , her Majesty ' s bankers , ) is Mr Ghohgb Ebward Anson , formerly private secretary to Princb Albert ; he hna a salary of £ 2 000 a year , with lodgings in Windsor Cast ' e ; and holds , in addition , the situation of Treasurer to his Royal Highness Prince Albert ; Treasurer and Cofferer to the Prinra Of Wales ; and is also one of the youthful Prince ' s Council of the Duchy of Cornwall . The Hob . Mrs Anson is one of the Bedchamber Women , a sinecure office , wilh a salary of £ 300 a year .

      # It is only fair to state , that tho extravagant salaries we have enumerated , attached to offices which , in many instances , are perfect sinecures , strikingly contrast with the shabby salaries paid to the footmen , coachmen , and' inferior servants' ef the Royal Household , who , since the present sovereign ascended the throne , have been subjected to a system of cheese-paring , candle-scraping , pinch-guteconomy , which if not inspired by brown bread Joseph , musttaking into account tbe ' tottle of the whole '—have afforded great satisfaction to tbat warm-hearted philanthropist , and gigantic reformer I Our readers will now have an idea of the contents of this book , but the book itielf must be read by all who wish to know how the money goes ; how it is that the English people pay £ 385 , 000 yearly for the support of their Chief Magistrate , whilst the Americans only" pay £ 6 , 000 a year for thein !

      The monarchy ia no doubt the most valuable of our institutions , and her present Majesty the best pos sible sovereign ; still there are few who reading this work will hesitate to come to the conclusion with Burke , that' We have expensive formalities—solemn plausibilities—which tend rather to the disgrace than the ornament of the State and the Court . '

      0>I The Lest Form Of Rtlief To The Able-...

      0 > i the lest form of Rtlief to the Able-bodied Poor . B y G . PoulettSorope , M . P ., F . R . S . London : J . Ridgway . Piccad . lly . Mr Scropb professes to be an advocate of the 1 Rights of Industry , ' but of these rights he has bat very crude and imperfect notions . His ' beet form of Relief ia but a tinkering of the present system , and contemplates no method of abolishing pauperism . It is true he advocates the cultivation of waste lands , but only as a means of obtaining some return for the outlay in the shape of relief . He seems to have no idea of transforming wretched paupers into independent yeomen ; yet , with the command of the poor

      rates , we would undertake that transformation . We agree with Mr Scropb as to the folly of putting unemployed men into uniforms , or setting them to work at the unproductive labour of which we have recently seen examples in France , Prussia , and Ireland ; and we also agree with him , that it will be time eneugh to think of colonisation after we have fully developed the resources of the national territory , but not before . But we respectfully submit to Mr Scrope thas he has not solved the problem of how to reconcile the rights of industry with the claims of capital , the stability of government , and the order of society . Mr Setters must try again .

      Signs Of The Times, Or The Signal Rocket...

      Signs of the Times , or the Signal Rocket ; dedicated to Lord John Russell . By a Poor Shoemaker . Hammersmith : W . Tuck , Dorville's row . A Christian address , which we are afraid Lord John Russell is not Christian enough to profit by .

      The English Patriot And Irish Repealer. ...

      The English Patriot and Irish Repealer . No . I . Man-Chester : J . Leach , 73 , llsohdale-road . This is the first number of a new weekly penny political paper , edited . as we understand , by ourold and staunch democratic friends , Gbo . White , John Wkst , and Jamss Leach , assisted by the well known Irish Repealer , Geo , Archdeacon . Any publication edited by working men , and devoted to the interests of their order , always has our best wishes . It , however , too often happens that the conductors of such publications fall into one of two errors ; they either mistake coarseness and violence for strength , or fall into the still worse delusion of attempting by maudlin wordmongering to imitate the' refinement' of the ' higher

      orders . ' We are happy to say that both these faults have been avoided in tho publication before us , in which strength of argument is combined with eloquence of language—not wanting a spice of witwhilst certainly there is no approach to that maudlin balderdash in whioh certain would-be ' respectable ' politicians are apt to indulge . The ' Opening Address , ' and the articles on tho ' Rights of Labour , ' ' Tho Reign of Terror , ' The Mysteries of Govern - ment , ' Organisation , ' & o ., & o ., arc worthy of the editors , and promise well for the future of this periodical . We wish ' The English Patriot and Irish liepealer' every success . It ought to sell fifty thousand copies in Lancashire alena . More power to ye , boys I

      Whigs In Office And Out Of Office. To Jo...

      WHIGS IN OFFICE AND OUT OF OFFICE . TO JOHN BULL . Sir , —It is I believe the general opinion of Conservatives , that in the present state of Ireland , it is fortunate the Whigs are in power ; because , had they been in opposition , they would most probably have acted as they did in 1844 , when the trial of the late Daniel O'Connell was the subject of their violent declamation against Ministers . I happened yesterday to meet with the Times of 20 th Feb ., 18 il ^ , in which there is a full report ot the speech of Mr Macaulay on the state of Ireland , and a more mischievous one was never uttered in Parliament . It well deserves perusal , as it shows in what manner Whigs will sacrifice everything to party spirit ; and it is curious , in so far as many of his strongest censures are directed against measures which are imitated by a Whig Government .

      I shall conclude with a single quotation of a passage applied to O'Connell ' s trial . Mr M . asks— ' Was it possible on this trial between religions ; was it possible in this trial between races , to have a fair trial by a Jury which it is admitted was exclusivel y Protestant V I am , Sir , your most obedient servant , C .

      Royal Arsenal Woolwicn.—Daily Complaints...

      Royal Arsenal WooLwicn . —Daily complaints are made by visitors , who wend their way from the great metropolis to Woolwich to visit the Royal Arsenal , but which , owing to the order of the authorities of the Royal Artillery , is kep t closed against them . The Royal arsenal was closed during the late Chartist riots ostensibly to prevent any coa ^ de main the part of those agitators , and since that time has been kept closed . Hundreds of persons are daily refused admittance—Sunday Paper . mLubin , Poland , 150 villages have had all their growing crops destroved by a recent hurricane . A great number of cattle and horses were also deg . trojed ,

      The Unopposed Lnoapables. (From The John...

      THE UNOPPOSED LNOAPABLES . ( From the John Bidl . ) » fJl !? lopia M ha d "W " ° PP 8 d in the House IS Mni ! fo M 0 nd H Ja 8 t » and ^ formed that English Minis ers could not get on for want of a vigorous opposition , tho gentleman in black would mall probability have asked if Si ! Ve Numbing and complaints which he heard on all sides were so many evidences of approval and supper * . The moment Lord John Russell , on the day referred to , aoquainted hon . gentlemen with his intentions for the short remainder of the session , he certainly received

      opposition enough to make a government for life if opposition bo indeed essential to ministerial stability and strength . The plain truth ia , that your incompetent and slothful boy gets on neither with flogging nor by gentle patfcings on the head . Force has no more effect upon him than upon the donkey ; persuation not half so much . Tke sight of a carrot has been known to work wonders upon the brura . No prospect of provender , however extensive and tempting , has ever been known to put elasticity into the heels , or practical ability Into the head , of a thoroughgoing Whig .

      There is a vague but a very amusing belief afloat , that it is impossible to do without the present government , because , if you upset it , there are no set of men able to take the vacant places . Before such a conviction takes permanent hold of the public mind , we should like to know if any dozsn average clerks have been tried ; if the man who pulls the wires of the fantoccini has been applied to ; if the best patients of any lunatic asylum have had a fair chance of competition ? We undertake that the hon . member for Macclesfield shall furnish us , at an kl ' 8 Bot ' ' w 5 tl 1 a Chancellor of the Exchequer , able , at least , to propose an increase of the

      Incometax to meet a fearful deficiency , and to withdraw his proposition immediately afterwards , upon the ground that no deficiency exists at all . We are ourselves prepared to make puppets which shall answer the string as effectually aa Lord Morpeth replied to the demands made upon him from all quarters in the matter of the Sanitory Bill ; and we will back , at any odds , the sojourner at Hanwell against the Minister , who . only a day or two ago , authorised the Custom House , without knowing it , to admit Dutch refined sugar at 24 s . 8 d . per cwt . Instead of at C 3 s ., and British West Indian Muscovado at 13 j . per cwt ., instead of at 15 a . 9 d . Will anybedy take the bet ? Will her gracious Majesty suffer the experiment to

      be tried ? One thing is very evident—at least to us , and it cannot fail in time to become clear enough to the public at large . If the affairs of the country can be satisfactorily managed by the present administration , then Mr Cobden and Mr Hume are not so wrong after all when they complain of the heavy salaries of our numerous officials . Take the Chancellor of the Exchequer from Downingstreet j deposit him in Cornhill , and see if you can got a guinea a-week for him at any respectable retail house , supposing that he ' finds himself . ' Is Lord Morpeth so knowing in his

      sanitary doings that any nightman would be disposed to take him on even at a gift ? It is rather hard to make the country pay bo dearly for its luxuries . Men of great families and of high descent become frightfully expensive commodities , if we are to pay them six or seven thousand a-year only to laugh at them . There is not a man , be he of what party he may , in the Houao of Commons , who is not , at this moment , chuckling or sighing fit the incapacity of our rulers . If incapacity in these piping times is all we need for carrying on the government , then , in the name of free trade , get it at the lowest figure , buy it , as you do your corn and sugar , in the very cheapest

      market ; That we shall do any better next session than we have done this , it is ridiculous to suppose . Ministers are not going to school in the interim . Sir Charles Wood does not meditate a course of lessons on the rule of three direct ; Lord Grey and Mr Hawes have no intention of devoting themselves to moral philosophy and the science of ethics . Lord Palmers ton is proverbially incorrigible , and the Premier , of course , thinks he has nothing to learn . But what study and what improvement could alter the cruel necessities of the case ? What instruction can avail aeet of men playing at legislation , and proving at every turn that they are not in earnest ? Had Lord John Russell meant at the commencement of the session to bring the Navigation ^ Laws to the test , he had ample opportunity for hia purpose . He withdraws

      the consideration of this question at the last hour , not because there has been no time for discussion , but because be has a painful contciensness that a settlement of the business woulu in some sort be a settlement of tbe Ministry , including himself . To do anything that may weaken the divisions of the Conservative party—that may possibly take former friends and present foes back from antagonism to close alliance is to risk place ami power , loved and cherished by the spirit of WITggeiy beyond all qualities , human or divine . The rule applies to every ministerial movement . The question is not what will serve the country , not what is it right between man and man to do , but what will serve the govern * ment , and what it is expedient between that government and its miserable necessities to attempt to carry out .

      If the people of EnglaEd are satisfied with these most inefficient gentlemen , we have ne right to complain , but , being taxpayers as well as our neighbours , it is undoubtedly competent for us to protest against a wanton waste of public money . If noodles answer tho country ' s purpose , Jet us pay noodle price . It is monstrous to be told in the same breath that men are fit to govern tbe empire who are not qualified to keep a chandler ' s shop ; and that men not qualified to keep a chandler's shop , are to be remunerated most munificently for their flagrant inability .

      The Irish People Versus The English Pres...

      THE IRISH PEOPLE versus THE ENGLISH PRESS-GANG . In an article In tbe Atlas of Snnday last , on Ireland , there is quoted , from a publication entitled 'The Irish Movements j or Hints to Patriots and Pikemen , ' the following extract , with the additional comment . Whether extract or comment exhibits the greatest atrocity we leave our readers to determine : — Does England imagine that an integrity of the kingdom is neceosary f She can effect it , she should effect It , and she must effect it . Has she tbe means to main , tain the nnlon and suppress sedition ? Ay ; and abundant one » , If she only please to » mploy them . A ton or two of gunpowder end a coll of rope will do the job . All required Is to take the bull by the horn . No more tompftrleiog ; and whether tbe delinquent append to his

      patronymics an M . P ., wear a surplice , or swagger in a barrister's gown—whether ho be a sucking traitor , or a matured remnant of ' 98—deal with him and them with stern impartiality . If a clerical example must be mad * , halt not between the ' the Hon of the fold of Judab , ' or the holy man of Strokostown , who complimented peor Major Mahon from the altar . If a briefless member of the bar , like Mr Dohcney , one whole foPcnalc eXUtenee was unknown to Justice Lefroy—should he still continue troublesome , send him to join Mr Mitchel in Bermuda . It is marvellous how pleasant it is for old acquaintances to meet In s new country . If a patriotic rifle club wish

      to try their hand ! , let them , in heaven ' s name , have o shy with a company of the line , or a troop of cavalry . Practical Instruction Is worth a thousand theories . Shoot half-a-hundred of the fools who stand , and hang half-a-dozen of tbokeaTen—the leaders , of course—who will run sway . Confidence will return ; landowners will come back ; elderly gentlemen and ladies slumber witheut the apparition of Meagher of the sword standing at their bed-sides , with OM Bellthe-Cat's two-handed weapon , and giving 3 short notice for eternity to these unfortunate unionists ; trade In Ireland ( almost now a forlorn hope ) may revive a little , homicide will decrease , and cursing from tbe altar must decline .

      There is , in fact , nothing else for us . We have the army and the law—we have the musket and the rope . We have tried long enough the soothing system . It won't do . We may appeal to Irish reason . There is no such thing . We may appeal to Irish gratitude . There is no such thing . There is nothing intelligible and there is nothing respectable to be found in Irish' patriotism . ' It means nething but violence ; it feels nothing but iury . It has no brain to reason with j it has no heart to touch . We may talk of good sense and good feeling ; but if they ever existed in Ireland tbey are now utterly extinct , like ' Erin ' s honour and Erin's pride , ' whioh have a poetical leputation , but which , in reality , have long since been buried ; unless it be honour to shoot men in the dark , and pride to receive all possible obligations from another and t hen forthwith to blackguard him without stint and without remorse . ( From the Examiner . )

      The Timbs well describes the present posture of Youur Ireland as' rebellion well in hand , ' rebellion on its haunches , rebellion gathered up , and ready for a spring . Hamstring it . Disable it in its sinews . Cripple it for ever . The leaders are few—leave them lees . Their purposes are avowed—the alternative ia the field or the gaol ; and committed as they are , they must be driven to the one unless the government mercifully hands them to the other .

      ' It Ib Marvellous,' Remarks The Mbmcal ...

      ' It IB marvellous , ' remarks the Mbmcal Times , to what extent the maniac will remain in awaking state without any apparent injury . A man never slept , and yet he enjoyed good health , hviog till his 73 rd year . He had a kind of dczing for about a quarter of an hour once a day , which was all the slumber he was ever known to take . ' The Leigh Peekaob Ca * e . —Barnett , the priecipal witness in the late charge of murder against Lord Leigh , at Warwick , died about fifteen miles from Manchester , on Sunday . The cause of death was inflammation , produced by drinking intoxicating An elderly woman has lost her life at Bradfield St George , in Suffolk , from the sting of a bee in her , thumb . The medical witnesses at the inquest were of opinion that the sting had caused death by produc-I ing such a shock on tee nervous system as to stop 1 tbe Rsjiion of the heart .

      Sm$ An* #Amtt&

      Sm $ an * # amtt &

      • We Cullthe Ehsicest.' De-Pdtism.—The W...

      • We cullthe ehsicest . ' De-pdtism . —The world ia now old , and may profit t by the lessons of experienca . She has decisively de-idared , that despotism is tho grand source of humans misfortune , the Pandora ' s box , out of which every f ourse has issued , and scarcely left bone behind . Des . « potiam , in its extreme , is fatal to human happiness ;; and , in all its modifications , injurious . The spirit of t it ought therefore to he suppressed on the first and I slightest appearance . It should be the endeavour of [ evory good man , as far as his abilities will extend , , to extirpate all arbitrary government from the globe ., It should be swept from the earth , or trampled under ' foot from China to Peru . But no power i * capable ot crushing the Hydra , less than the herculean arm of a whole people .- /^

      , . wealth or a State . —The true wealth of a state is in a numerous , free , hardy , high-minded , active and virtuous people , in easy circumsfcasees . without an extreme inequality of property ; a people , having means and leisure f 0 f mixing with labour , pleasurable recreation ; and with private industry , Olympic celebrAtioas , exciting all the qualities that dignify and adorn humanity , and that elevate the character of a nation . Originality . —If we study great men we shall find they were not so much distinguished by ori ° inality as by range or extent of thought . If we require of thein that absolute originality which consists in weaving , like the spider , their web from their own bowels , we shall not succeed in obtaining it . No great man was original . Least of all doss originality consist in unlilieneas to other men . A great man ia

      a centre of things—seeing the wants of other men , and sharing their desires—adds also strength of arm to come at their point . The greatest genius is the most indebted man—the greatest poet is a man in unison with bis time and country . The great man does not wake up and say , 1 will square the circleransack botany and discover another food for man—I have a new architecture in my mind—I will foresee a new organic power . No 1 lie is forced on by the genius of his contemporaries . He stands where all the eyes of man look , and their hands all point in the direction in which he should go . He finds the materials ready to his hand—they have sunk tho hills and bridged the rivers for hia road . Men , poets , women , have all worked for him , and he has entered into their lab , urs . Great general power , weroi ^ ht almost say , consists in not being original at all , but to the greatest extent receptive . —Emerson .

      A SUMMER'S EVES 1 NG SHOWER . bx j , c , prince ; It was a summer ' s eventide , Soft , sweet , and silent , warm and bright ; And all the glorious landscape wide , The lowly thorn , the tree of pride , Tbe grass blndes mar ; haU'd side by side , Wore , thicker than the fields of night , Innamerable drops of light , Shed from a passing cloud and dun , That j- ; urtiay'd towards the sinking sun , On the upper wind ' s impatient wing , And blush'd as it drew near the presence of its king . That brilliant baptism and brief ,

      rlung fraa the font of summer skies , Came with a fresh and full reikf To all the counties * shapes and dya That sprang from earth ' s prolific veins , And drank the rich congmial rains . For all the languid leaves and Sowars , Iu tangled brakes anil cultured fcowtrs , In lerul Bulae and hollow daJl . ° , By wood-sHe walks and mossy wells ;—The fair and many . folded rose

      Reclining in a proud repose , The limber bine and stubborn brier , ¦ , Tho wallflower ' s mass of cloudy fire ; The clover fill'd with honey der . — Things of familiar farm and hue-Sent such a gust of incense np From bell and boss , from crown and cup , As soem'd to burden all tho air With nature ' * breath of silent praytr , Aud sent that joyous draught of rain In sublimated sweets back to the skies agaia

      A W 6 RD TO THE RtTLERO OF IRELAND . —Th 0 whole art of preventing a revolution , consists simply in rendering tho people happy . A happy people will nevor rebel , even if millions of authors endeavour to excite them . I challenge any person to show me a single example in history , of a happy people rebelling . — Kotxebue ' s ' Travels in Italy . ' ' Union , our onlt Resource . —Let the oppressed become aa united and intelligent as toeir oppressors are , and they will receive their redemption without crime or bloodshed ; but if they will be such tools as to imagine that kings or individual tulers are the cause of their slavery , there is no salvation for them . The real tyrants of all countries aie those who would live without work , and aocumulat ; fortunes out of other people ' s labour . The on'y remedy against them is to substitute for the present institutions others of a just and beneficent character , It is plain that such institutions mmt emanate from tha whole people .

      V » B 1 ETIE 8 CF COMPLEXION IS THE HDMiS BACEs . Southern Africa presents us with many striking illustrations of the fallacy of tha theory of climntfe . We shall content ourselres with citing two of tho most remarkable , viz . those presented by the physical peculiarities of the HottentoU and Bosjesmans . These two races have been considered as one , but only by tbose who believe in the great modifying power cf circumstances . They are evident !; distinct . Tfce Bojj-. smans are pig . mies ; the Hottentots , where pure , tall aad large . Persons < f intermediate stature are , of csursi' , met with , because two races so much alike in most r < eptcts , residing near each other , must necessarily have intermar . rled in the course of ages ; but there is no conceivable reason why , txcept as distiact rones , tha ona should be

      active , restless , e . ffiparativil ; br & va , imd of n staturs seliom e * cecding feur fest nine inches , while the other is tall , large , timid , and excessive y sluggish . In most other respects their organisation is similar , and they diflfer from all other portions of mankind iu the natura of the hair , and in two remarkable ptcullaritles In the fe . mala structure . They ar * in tha midst of races widely diffeiing from them : Negroes on the one hand , asd Caffres on the other—boih black , while tho Hottentots and Bo . 'jesmans are simply of a light yellowish 'brown . How can these facts be accounted for except as diff = r . encss of race » In central Africa , wc find a further remarkable illustration , in the case of the pigmy trico called Doko . lately made known to Europe by the travels of Major Harris . This tribe Is living : to tha south , west

      of Abyssinia , about three drgrees north of the < qustor . They do not exceed feur feet in height , their comp ' . exfoa is a dark olive , their hair Is not woolly , and in tho fe . males reaches to th » shoulders . They have thick poutisg / lips , diminutive eyes , end fl it noses ; tho mvn have no T > eards , and they go perfectly naked . Their nails never pared , grow on their hands and feet like eagle's talons end are employed in digging for ants , « They have no kings , no laws , no arts , ner arms ; pcasees nel ; her fl ^ cha nor herds , tre not hunters , do not cultivate tho soil , bus subsiit entirely upon fruiM , roots , mice , serpents , rtptiloj . ants , and honey . ' All tbeee things they tot raw , for they are igaorant of the use of fire . Now , wty are these people ao different from all other races of men ? Why are they not as black as the N-. groes ? Why havo they not woolly hair ? Why ore tbey p ' gmie * , while nil

      tha races around them are tall and strcng 1 They are not a mere collection of outcasts , reduced thus low in tho scale of humanity by disease or other accidents , bat a numerous people ofodo distinct typo , perfectly heathy , and as comp lete and consistent in their range ns any other race whatorer . If tbey wero once other wise , what circumstances can have reduced them thus low ? Their climate h » s no conceivable disadvantage which is not shared by a theusand other climates , jet they stand alone and distinct from all "ther races of men . Let us now return to the continent of Asia . In India we find e . very mi * ed population , and eolour varies greatly , eien from an European fairness to the jet black of the Negro , for this region has repeaU'dlj been the theatre of northun

      invasions . There aro ' . he strongest reasons for believing that moat , at least , t . f ita aboriginal racca w . re perfectly black , but of Caucasian forms , and individuals eo diatlngulshed may still be reel with , e penally in tha southern province . Tbe fact that the natives cf the south aro generally tho darkest , has bom assumed as an evidence of the tff . cts of temperature ; but a glance at the map will ahow that the northern province jAust have been it-flultely woio esposed to the incursions of the fair races than tha southtrB extremity , and tfce'r population is , of course , for more mixed . _ Wo have already aUudod to the HoMUns , an Afghan tube , settled during the long period of COO years In one of tho hottest regions of India , and which , nevertheless , still prcsOrve their ancient peculiarities of fair hair and fair

      complexion , Simply because tbey take a prite in -marrying within their own race . If this bo matter of feet , it is vain to talk of the effects of the climate . And , nicer all , what 1 . 666 years when compawd to the period during which the Moors have maintained their fuir completion In Africa—EtfcXO ' OflitSOl JtHtrnfll . Liberty in Russia— It is not unusual for the Emperor to stop and address a person m the street ; but the luckless individual has little to boast of in so flattering a distinction ; in a moment he 13 arrested by one of the ubiquitous agents of tho police , and charged with the offence ot having addiessed the Empe «>? . lie is authoritatively required to repeat the substance of what he had said * aud a confinement adminis

      of some days inevitably follows : which the - tration of a bribe , or tbe txtertion of some powerful influeace can feloua termina'a . This occurred te » celebrated French actor who , having befc » Hi , aCQ unable to perfoim some time in , consequencei , was accosted by the Emperor , who "W ^ . ^ J | ™ health , and „ r ed hi . ^ m ^^ t S £ ! S catkin * lihersted . The tucumstance reached ino getting noeitueu . iUO , . i » hino to make him ears of the Emperor , who . wismn u-m . some reparation , desired to know in wi- . uy ho could oblige him . ' In n 0 tb . n 2 . Se wj'un comedian , but that your MW » ty * JJ . K . j $ , '» scend to » eak to me in the street again . *» i Russia , by E , r > ThompDonr

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), July 29, 1848, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_29071848/page/3/