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Northern Star (1837-1852), 28th November 1846, Edition 2 of 3, Page 3, @miral InbUism t*

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      F-Rfe Annexat Ion Of Cracow To Os Rt^ **...

      f-rfE ANNEXAT ION OF CRACOW TO OS ** AUSTRIA . « r have much pleasure in giving insertion to the I ™ . g gpiritcd lines , and also to tbe author ' s prefollow "* .-marks , with every word of which we 1 ?™ JP opinion , the annexation of Cracow is , with-1 ° ^ pt-on , the most barefaced combination of ^ flc eaudtjramry " ' recorded in modern history . S !/ sir is a question of treaty-breaking , of far more T ^ nae nce to the world , than all the humbug and " "" abont th e Montpensier marriage , and the ^" ttof TJtretcht If die treaty of Vienna is to be Hfqbroken vrith impunity , where can unfortunate Blind look for help ? her last remnant , swallowed Pap murderers of Tarnow . This I conceive , is a bJ ^ in which England and France w ould be justified . -Jmfering by force of arms . God send the day

      "Un tbe Chartists of England and the Republicans ff tance shall be able to make common cause with ap oppressed and down-trodden Poles , and moving « to a power too mighty for resistance proclaim f ° „ Poland once again a nation , then we shall no "He sea an alliance of Kings , to tyrannise over their ? f tnVmen , but an alliance of all the friends of freej « m of every colour , clime , and creed , and that iSc race , that , with John Sobieski , rolled back * >* iioe of Turkish poorer , from its inroad on Austria , g foremost in the ranks . for Poland there is no time to weep , Since her last remnant ' s gone ; jo swell die list of wrongs that keep Vengeance for man ; a throne ; When nations rise in armed array ; Then comes all tyrant ' s reckoning day .

      The palace of the Jagellons ; Has been profaned by Austria's tread And had this world one claim upon Hex heroes they'd rose from the dead . And grasped their ancient sword and speer With Boleslane , and Casimir . Is this , Austria , thy gratitude ? When Moslem thundered at thy gate ;' All in Vienna palsied stood , Deeming a captive ' s doom , their fate : Knowing tbe fierceCournonrgi near ; Of Mahmoud ' s troops , the Grand Tirier . Bat spurring , in hot haste , their steeds ; Come h orsemen like a moving cloud , To aid the Austrian m his need ;

      Hark to that war-ciy ,. long and loud ; Hark 1 " God for Poland ; " is their cry , Theirleader the brave Sobieski . What J where a Fiast ' s sceptre swayed ; Shall Austrian banners basely fly ! Are all mankind alike afraid ; . Xor dare to crash such , tyranny % - Shall Poland ' s last remnant perish thus Between the Austrian and Ross t Gnizet and Louis Phillippe plot . To crush in Prance the name of Poles ; Snch actions scarcely are a blot . So mean , deceitful , are their souls , That grasps at power . This at geld .

      Shall Freedom note be bought and sold t The mask is torn from off thy face ; Thou double dealing ting ; AH now is gone , to thy disgrace Worse ; fame could never bring ; But perhaps , ' us best it should be so , That men their friends andfoes should know . Aye , go , thou harsh , unpitying man , Whilst Freedom sleeps in broken slnmbers , And whilst thou do ' st each movement scan Dream not the writhing that encumbers Her , in her sleep with choking breath , Are her last throes , preluding death . 5 o ! like the sun at morning breaking Through the cloud banks , both don and dark And all the world to vigour waking ,

      Is Freedom ' s half-extinguished spark . Chains , dungeon , scaffold , and the knout , Are vain—that spark most not go out . As came ef old , the prophet ' s voice , To Jodea ' s lofty Sing , Which bade him no more to rejoice In any earthly thing ; For power and throne are passed away , And he is but as common clay . Such be the fate , Poland ! of those Who have kept thee beneath The iron yoke , nor dared oppose

      Thy sufferings 'midst snow and heath ; "When Freedom rallies in her might , May millions flock to aid tbe right . When democractic England ' s bands , And France ' s sons together rally ; With many more from other lands ; From Switzerland ' s hills to Ireland ' s valley , And Poland ' s sons banded again , WSo wiU not wish God speed to such a train ! 5 ov . 25 , 1 S 46 , Alfsed Prasux

      &Rfrietos

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      Distress The Consequence Of Capital. ;Br...

      DISTRESS THE CONSEQUENCE OF CAPITAL . ; Br H . C . AlAGniRE . London ; F . C . Wesfley . 163 , Strand . The good intentions of the author of this pamphlet cannot be doubted , and the ability with which he las conducted his argument must be conceded , but mfortutately his suggested remedy for the distress ie so feelingly deplores is but a miserable expedient , vhich we most unhesitatingly condemn . Onr author ate out by proving that distress , as a , class evil , affects no class but the operative and labouring classes . He examines the state of landlords , capitalists , manufacturers , lawyers , niedicais , writers , actors , musicians , sculptors , painters , architects , 4 c ., & c , showing that all those dosses are wealthier than at any former period of their existence .

      Individual distress may exist amongst them , but this distress is not characteristic of any one of the classes . The distress of classes is confined to that multitudinous toidy which includes all those who receive TOges , or salaries , for executing with their own Wds thai which passes as the production of the manufacturing capitalist , or dealer who employs them . Tracing the various divisions of this working tody , and coming to the poorest—composed of some Hulions—our author says , "The principle which govern ; the lowest class is , what is the smallest amount of nourishment and repose which will keep in existence the quantity of labour required ? And it is thU principle alone which regulates the wages they receive , and the hours of their rest . " " It is this class that we find to be deteriorating . "

      We quote the following from Me . Alagnire ' s flieorv of

      WEALTH . FWtaah is the power of obtaining the necessaries , conveniences and enjoyments of civilized life with personal exertion—in other words , the ability of purchasing ae labours of others as a substitute for our own . Uealth can only come into existence by the accumulation of excessive production . Thus : —when the total annual produce of the agriculture of a nation exceeds » tt total annual consumption , that excess becomes a msrchandizable commodity to the nation . Also , when i- total annual amount of the manufactures of a nation ttceeds the total annual amount of consumption , that ocas becomes a mercbandizable commodity to the natien . Both of those excesses are exchangeable for the productions of f oreigaers . Both these foreign predacious ma / he consumed within the year , and there will be as accumulation—no wealth . At tha end of a given period the ability of the nation to purchase the labour of oihers as a substitute for its own would not be greater

      « aa at the beginning . Asain : the annual consumption of foreign produce in & nation may be greater in amount than its own annual excess of production , and it would be in debt . The forri s ntr would have the power of obtaining its labour , whileae , ta « foreigner , was idle . Such a nation cannot poistss wealth . But , when the total annual excess of produce above consumption , agricultural and manufactured , taken together , exceeds tbe annual amount ef foreign production consumed in a nation that excess is wealth ! It has been accumulated : and , whether in the fionner of foreign Produce , home produce , or the precious metals , it is the accumulation of excessive production in the nation , and eon talustbe power of purchasing the labour of others . It M IFBaLTh - '

      The source of this excessive production is labour , ^ or if a labourer can gain sufiirient wagesto supporthimselfand family by working eight hours per diem , and he worts ten , allowing the amount gained in the additional two hours to accmnnlaU , every fifth year he will have put * J * uffiiaeut to keep himself and family without working * all If hewere a shoemaker , and , at eight hours per a » y , produced three hundred pairs of shoes in one year , * Uie end of four years , by working ten hours per day , « would have by him an amount of labour equal to three hna dred pairs of shoes , or the amouut of labour of one "fcoeroaker for one year , at eight hours per day . This , * ° fteindividnal , would be accumulated labour , excess or Produc tion—WEALTH . The possessor could com-0300 the same necessaries and enjovments for himself

      jtaa " famil y for that year , without labour , that he had "forewhen he worked eight hours . per day . But the « ioemak er has been set to work by the capital of another , *> 4 has given the additional two hours for the we of * " * t capital . There is still an accumulation of three fcaadrea pairs of shots ; they are the VEAhTB of Mother ; but the excessof production is the same . It is f ceom niated labour , and has become the profit on capital , " ^ acc umulated labour . It is WEALTH to the posses-** and , supposingthe eight hours per day production to " * « fcetn sufficient for home consumption , it has become a aia-cuawhz . Dhs commodity to the nation of three ^ ni-tds pairs of * hoes ; and it ' isthe excess in amount "ttectter chaudizable commodities so accumulated over - fchoise consumption of foreign produce that composes e fllALTII or capital of the nation .

      Distress The Consequence Of Capital. ;Br...

      But the total annual excess of produca above consumption , which forms the merchandisable commodity of a nation , may exceed the amount of foreign produce consumed in It , yet not be sufficient to satisfy the foreign demand . There wonld then be a consumption among foreigners for that produce ; for excels of demand is competition ; and ft ere would be an Increase in price . The merchant would receive in forei gn produce a greater amount of labour for a lesser : the labour price of the foreign commodity wonld be reduced , that of the home produce would be raised . The merchant would enter into competition with the consumer at home , and not merely the excess , hut the whole of that produce , whether manufactured or agricultural , would be purchased for the use of the foreigner , unless the home consumer agreed to give such price as should equalise the

      competition . This exmsWedtmaud wonldmotive an increased production , a competition for labour , and , if that is de . ficient , a rise of wages . If this excess of demand were only for one specie * of produce , high wages would cause labour to be absorbed in that direction , until increased production in that species , and increased wages in tbe others should have equalised competition ; and , while the excess in demand continued , every species of labour would share in the advantage . There wonld , under such circumstances , be no accumulation of native produce . The accumulated labour , or wealth of the nation , would be composed of the precious metals , or foreign mercbandizable commodities , for which the native excess of production had been exchanged ; and tbe profit on capital , absorbed in the accumulation , would be provided for by a reduction in the labour price of the foreign commodity . Home labour would be at a premium . Wages would be high .

      On the other hand : when the annual excess of the merchandisable commodities of a nation is greater than the demand of the foreigner , there will he an excess in the supply , and accumulated WEALTH of the nation will consist principally of home produce . Now , as tbe accumulation of produce , when the chances of sale are distant and uncertain , demands more capital than would be required for purchasing that produce for immediate use , there mail he an increase of profit , when the sale Occurs , to pay for the use of thatadditional capital . This cannot he extracted from the consumer , by an Increasu of price , in a market where the supply already exceeds the demand . 'Without-. the additional capital the labourer is idle . It cannot be obtained without a profit ; and , as the labourer cannot wait , he must provide for that profit by a reductien in his wages .

      By this means the supply is etill increasing , There is now in the market the labourers and the accumulated labour . If the amount accumulated by the labour of one shoemaker , in four years , were three husdred pairs of shoes , or the amount of one year ' s labour , and every shoemaker had manufactured in that time an equa quantity above consumption , there would be so much accumulated labour , so much WEALTH to the capitalist : so much mercbandizable commodity to the nation . But how does this WEALTH affect the shoemaker ! Why , there would for that year be an aquiva .

      lent to double the number of shoemakers in the market . So many living shoemakers seeking employment , and the representative labour of an equal number to enter into competition with those living ones . Not an open , fair , equal competition ; for the faoHers of that representative labour are more interested in its consumption than in the consumption of that which it not jet manufactured , Could the capitalist then pay the same wages for manufacturing shoes as if this amount of accumulated labour were not in existence ! Certainly not . And if thej could not be manufactured for less they would BOt be manufactured at all .

      The same excess of production that accumulated labour goes on to increased accumulation , but with still farther redaction of wages ; far the labourer must again provide the interest for the capital he ha » himself created ; and he who formerly supported his family by his own exertions is now obliged to use the assistance of his children , who , at an early ago , become competititors against himself in the labour market . The consequence of reduced wages becomes the eause of farther reduction , until the price oi labour is diminished to the lowest possible amountrthaican keeplabourers in existence . Further on we quote our author ' s prediction respecting America . He is seemingly not aware that his prediction is already to a great extent a realized fact : — Let nq bow observe the condition of a labourer in what

      is called a poor country—a nation whose annual excess of home produce above consumption is below the amount of foreign produce consumed in it . America for instance , gloriously in debt , and owing money , as a nation , its productions have t » pay . There the demand for labourers is always greater than the supply ; and the consequent high wages , so far from rendering labourers more plentiful , increases tbe demand . The land itself , in America , may be called an accumulated demand for labour ; and , as tha redundance from agricultural produce from its nature perishable—cannot be accumulated to a very great degree , its excessive production reduces the necessaries of life to a low price , without atall

      operating upon wages . The nation is poor , while the labourer is rich . This principle goes on , and must go oa , until the land becomes property . Then , and not till then , may America expect a home-breed of labourers , equivalent to the home demand . Then will labour begin to accumulate , and the nation to increase in WEALTH . The merchandisable commodity will have become abundant , when the competition among the labourers shall have reduced them to the same privations at their brethren among the wealthy nations of the Old World . That this period will arrive , even in America , there can be no doubt , and the greater freedom in their institutions will only hasten tbe arrival of { hat epoch when the supply of labour shall

      exceed the demand . We have no room for comment , we must hasten to Mr . Maguire ' s conclusions . After showing that at the expiration of somej four or five i years , an immense addition will be made to our pauper population , by the Armies of disbanded railway labourers ; that Corn Law Repeal , as a remedy for this pauperism will be proved to be all moonshine : that " education" as a remedy , is all fudge ; he comes to his own plan for alleviating the misery of millions , and saving the country from social convulsion : — Let the Leg islature undertake expensive improvements , in different parts of the kingdom , to selecting as not to interfere with probable speculative ] enterprizefrom other sources . Such works as , though promising , eventually , wh . de or partial remuneration for the lay out , do not offer sufficient assurance of profits to attempt the investment of private capital in their execution .

      Let these works be a certain refuge to the destitute labourer ; and make them the labour , testof the able-bodied applicant for parochial relief , each Union paying in proportion to the number of its poor so employed . An estimate may be made as to the amount necessary to supply a workisg man or woman with sufficient of the plainest food , coarsest clothing , and merely wholesome shelter ; and let these public works be always open to receive labourers at the rates obtained from that estimate , whether on their own voluntary application , or as the labour-test of the Union Workhouse . These public works may be called " The Labourers' Refuge , " and be so conducted , that there shall always be sufficient emp loyment available at a living rate of wages ; consequently , no private capitalist or speculator could successfullyofferloss .

      Th # re wilt be no difficulty in selecting sites for this species lfenterprize . JTumeruus occasions for desirable and useful Improvements , which would repay , or nearly repay the money laid out , although not sufficiently profitable in promise to attract the speculator , are in existence in every locality . Recovery of waste lauds ; recovery of lands from the sea ; drainage , < fcc , & c ., all demanding immense labour , offer themselves in ever / neighbourhood . The revenue aecruing from the completion of one undertaking would contribute funds towards the commencement of another . Such is Mr . Maguire ' s panacea , " Most lame and impotent conclusion , "

      We should like to know in what respect the millions he would doom to Egyptian bondage , such as he has suggested , would be better off than slaves ? The builders ot the pyramids were not doomed to worse slavery than that Mr . Maguire suggests . Condemned to the most painful toil , and most appalling hardships , their only reward would be " sufficient of the p ' ain #£ food / eoaraert clothing , and merely wholesome shelter . " Would Mr . Maguire call such men " free born Britons ? " We are prevented by want of room from offering further comment , save this advice to . Mr . Maguire . If he is in earnest in his desire to aicTiate ° the sufferings of his wronged fellow-country men , let him study what the Chartists are doing , and what ther aim at . Not this side of the cultivation of every fo » t of Endish grouni , pubic and private , for the sustenance of the entire English people , will such ascheme as thatof Mr . Maguire ' s be needed , or be tolerated .

      .... " A time there was ere England's griefs began , ^ When every rood of ground maintained its man ; and What has been , may be again ; or , rather a better time may come when the principle proclaimed by Goldsmith , will be more happily , embodied , feo sav the Land Democrats of the Chartist Co-operative Land Company , and they say true .

      Memorial Aot Mwnstrahob Kg Qi»I?Pti!W Sl...

      MEMORIAL AOT MWNSTRAHOB Kg qi » i ? ptI ! W SLAVERY TO TfIE CHUK . 01 Iii . Ss OP TI 1 E UHWED STATES OF AMER 1 CABy the Synod of the United Secession Church . Glasgow : Russell , 75 , Argyll-street . At the meeting of the United Associate Synod on the 8 ch of May last , the following resolution was unanimously adopted : — That the Synod , regarding the system of slavery as a heinous sin , and that of America as of a peculiarly hemous and aggravated character—and having , with these

      convictions , on former occasions addressed the Presbyterian Churches of America in the language of """" ll andearnestremonstrance , but hitherto without the desired effect , now feel it their imperative and solemn duty to express their / unwillingness to hold Christian fellowship with any Church which sanctions that system of iniquity ; and appoint a Committee to prepare a memorial embodying these sentiments , to be addressed to the Presbyterian and other Churches in America giving their sanction to slavery—in that memorial remonstrating against this unholy thing , and entreating them to put it

      entirely away . 'i he memorial having been prepared by the Committee was adopted by the Synod , at their meeting in October last ; the said memorial constitutes the present publication . This Remonstrance is temper-

      Memorial Aot Mwnstrahob Kg Qi»I?Pti!W Sl...

      ately , bat firmly worded , and has onr best wishes for its success .

      The Problem Solved. This Is The Title Of...

      THE PROBLEM SOLVED . This is the title of a pamphlet forwarded to us from America . It appears to be No . I . of a publica tion appearing , or intended to appear , under the above title ; and bears the imprint of " Thomas Varney , Editor and Proprietor , Posey Ctunty , Indiana . " The editor , it appears , has been a Communist , but has become convinced by experience that communities are impracticable , and now aims at establishing what he calls " the system of Association without Combination . " The editor is , however , Only

      a sort of precursor prophet to Josiah Warren , who is the author of what he calls the system of " Equitable Commerce . " Messrs . Warren and Varney proclaim themselves the champions of individualism , opposed to communism ; not snch individualism , however , as at present exists , but a far higher and better order of things , promised by so many Social Reformers , but not yet realized . How this is to be accomplished , the " Problem Solved" is to show ; but as we have only seen the first number , we cannot inform our readers of the solution . This publication also advocates the system of Phonography-

      Mackenzie's History Of England. (Portabl...

      MACKENZIE'S HISTORY OF ENGLAND . ( Portable Penny Edition . ) London : E . Mackenzie , 111 , Fleet Street . From No . 2 of this excellent little work , which every working man should purchase for the instruction of his children , we give the following notice of TBE BEPTABCUT . The word "Heptarchy is derived from two Greek words , meaning seven and chief . The term is applied te this portion ; of English history , from tbe Saxon power being held by seven kings . Kent : this kingdom commenced in 455 , and ended in 808 : its chief town was Canterbury . Sussex : or the South Ssxons , contained the counties Of Surrey and Sussex : it began in 477 , and ended in 754 : chief town , Chichester . Wessex , or "West Saxons , occupied tbe counties of Cornwall , Devon , Dorset , Somerset , Wilts , Hants , and Berks : began in 521 , ended 809 : chief town , Winchester ,

      Essee , or the East Saxons , embraced Middlesex , Essex , and part of Hertfordshire : began in 527 , and ended 746 chief town , London . Kortlmmbria , or the land north of the number , contained Yorkshire , Durham , Lancashire , Westmoreland , Cumberland , and Northumberland : it began 517 , ended 800 : chief to * n , York . East Anglia , or country of the East Angles , consisted of Suffolk , Norfolk , Cambridge , and the Isle of Ely : began in 571 , ended 792 : chief town , Dunwich . Mercia , or Myrena-rie , the Woodland kingdom , con . tained Huntingdon , Rutland , Lincoln , Northampton , Leicester , Derby , Nottingham , Oxford , Chester , Salop . Gloucester , Worcester , Stafford , Warwick , Buckingham , Bedford , and Hertford : began 584 , ended 826 : chief town , Leicester .

      Publications Received. "The Dreamer's Di...

      publications received . "The Dreamer ' s Dictionary , being a key to night virions , and a sure and safe guide for explaining remarkable Dreams . " E . Mackenzie , 111 , Fleetstreet . "The Chess Player ' s Hand Book , with the rules of Chess , Draughts , Back-eammon . Whist , and Cribbage . " E . Mackenzie , 111 , Fleet-street . " Law versus Privilege ; or , an argument for the Rights of the Electoral Body against the power assumed by tbe House of Commons , to imprison the Representatives of the People . " James Duffy , 10 , Wellington-quay , Dublin .

      " The Good Old Times." The Stranger Who ...

      " THE GOOD OLD TIMES . " The stranger who now visits the Tower is shown the thumbscrews and other instruments of torment which formed part of the spoils of Phillip's lost armadas . He views them probably with a devout feeling of gratitude for the defeat of the cruel and insolent Spaniard , and perhaps exults , with a pride which ignorance excuses , in the idea that his forefathers of that time were not as other men . Alas ! the use of these horrible engines of despotism and superstition was then a matter of every-day occurrence ; and 'the worst atrocities of the Inquisition , even the oubliettes of the Bastile , might have been matched within a stone ' s throw of London-bridge . From the history of the " Trial of the Earl of Somerset for the poisoning of Sir Thomas Overburyin the Tower of London ( just published ) , we give the following description ot several instruments of

      TORTURE . The Back was a large wooden frame of oak , raised three feet from the ground : the prisoner was laid under it , on his back , upon the floor ; his wrists and ancles were attached by cords to two collars at tbe ends of the frame , these ends were moved by levers in opposite directions , till the body rose to the level of the frame ; questions were then put , and if the answers did not prove satisfactory , the sufferer was stretched more and more , by the further elongation of the ends of the frame from each other , through means of the levers , until the bones started from their sockets . The Scavenger ' s Daughter , another instrument of torture used in the Tower , was a broad hoop of iron , con . sisung of two parts fastened to each other by a hinge ; it operated by pressure over tbe small of the back , and by force of the compression , soon caused the blood to flow from the nostrils .

      The Iron Gaiint ' . et , another kind of torture , served to compress the wrists and suspend the prisoner in the air , from two distant points of a beam . " I felt , " said F . Gerard , one of the sufferers by this kind of torture , " the chief pain in my breasts , belly , arms , and hands . I thought that all the blood in my body had run into my arms , and began to burst out at my finger ends . This was a mistake , but my arms swelled till the gauntlets were buried within the flesh . After being thus suspended an hour , I fainted , and when I came to myself , I found the executioners supporting me in their arms ; they replaced the pieces of wood under my feet ; but as soon as I recovered , removed them again . Thus 1 continued hanging for the space of five hours , during which I fainted eight or nine times . "

      A fourth kind of torture used in the Tower was called Little Ease . It was of so small dimensions , and so constructed that the prisoner could neither stand , walk , sit , nor lie in at full length . He was compelled to draw himself up in a squatting posture , and so remain during several days . There is a paper in the Somers'Tracts , said to be written by Lord Burleigh , in which it is ' stated by way of apolojry , that" Campion , the Jesuit , was never so racked , but that he was presently able to walk and write . " This paper admits the treatment of Alexander Bryant , who ,

      as Wood says' " was tortured with needles thrust into his nails , racked also otherwise in such cruel sport , an <) specially punished for two whole days and nights with famine , by which he was reduced to such extremities that he ate the clay out of the walls of his prison , and drank the droppings of the roof . " This torture by famine is justified in the above paper ascribed to Lord Burleigh , on the ground that Bryan refused to write , on being commanded so to do in the Queen's name , in order that his handwriting might be compared with certain traitorous papers found in his possession .

      Foumerisu.—The Writings Of Chahiks Fouri...

      Foumerisu . —The writings of Chahiks Fourier , the celebrated French Social Reformer , although extensively read on the Continent and in America , are but little known in this country . An associated body has been formed in London , entitled tbe " Fourier Society , " for the purpose of publishing English translations of Fourier's works , for this purpose , as the outlay of the society for publishing will amount to about £ 20 per month , donations are solicited with which to commence operations ; these donations may be sent to the society ' s publisher , Mr . W . Newberry , C , King Street , Holborn . Fourier's works will be translated by Air . HughDoherty , and will be published in shilling parts , monthly .

      Thomas Moore , the poet , has been made a subject of general anxiety by a statement in a French paper , copied into the English jiress , of bis being seriously ill in Ireland . We rejoice to say there isno foundation for this report , and that the bard is in the best health at his cottage in Wiltshire . We believe he has recently put the finishing hand to his Irish history ; and enjoyed the relief from literary labour with his noble friend the Marquess of Lansdowne , at Bowood . —It ' Jeraru Gazette . Pbintino Reform . —Reading made easy , Messrs . Andrew and Boil , of Boston , United States , undertake to give one month ' s free instruction in Phonotypy to the following four coloured adults : —John Johnson , aged forty-eight ; Ann Dorrell , aged twenty-six years ; Elizabeth Thomas , aged

      twentythree years ; and Charlotte Murry , twenty-five years On tbe 9 th of February last none of these persons knew a single letter of any alphabet ; they affirmed that they did not know the top from the bottom of a book . On the 20 th of March they were presented for examination in Che Hall of the Phonographic Institution , Boston . It was computed that they had received altogether not more than seventy hours instruction . Their teacher began by questioning them on the elementary sounds of the English language , their answers were prompt , and invariably correct . Tbey then began to read first words of one syllable , and then stories containing two , three , and four syllables with as much ^ facility , according to the testimony of the teachers present , as is usually attained by pupils in the old system after three years study . —Phonotypic Journal .

      Death or the Poet Tegner . —The celebrated Dr Esaias Tegner , Bishop of Wexio , in Sweden , died at the Episcopal Palace in the said city , on the 2 nd . instant , aged 64 , having been born the 13 th November , 1782 . lie was one of the greatest modern poets , and his works FritUofs Saga , Axel , < fec , which are translated into the English and most of the European languages , have been read with admiration and delight , not only iu his native country , but almost all over the world .

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      Sharp Work For Tan Etm.—The Editor Of Th...

      Sharp Work for tan Etm . —The editor of the Vevay limtt is so short sighted , that he frequently rubs out wuh his nose what he writes with his pen . — Cm . Sim . What a pity that the Sun editor is not equally short sighted . - ^ . Loui s GaxttU . First PRDK » piiK 6 . --The editor of the Richmond Star calls the clawing of a woman ' s nails in her husband s face " a resort to first principles !" Thr Priest and thb Platsr . —When Charles Kemble was giving his readings in Shakspore , in the North of England , ha was introduced to a Dissenting Minister , named Hamilton , who addressed him

      thus : — " Mr . Kemble , though I abominate the stage , and think the playhouse a schnol of vice , yet lam a patron of Shakspere in my social hours , and am glad to have an opportunity of paying my peppercorn of respect to a gentleman , who , like yourself , has maintained his respectability in an immoral profession . " A frown lowered on Mr . Kemble ' s brow as these words were pompously enunciated . " Sir , " was the reply , m every profession , not excluding your own , men have so sinned as to sacrifice their lives to the offended laws of their country ; but , Sir , as regards the profession which 1 have the honour to represent , * it is a known fact , that no actor has ever been sentenced to death , or suspended on the scaffold . '"

      Equality .-. " a people among whom equality reigned , would possess everything they wanted where they possessed the means of subsistence . Why should they pursue additional wealth or territory ? No man can cultivate more than a certain portion of the land . — tfoowm . German English . —An English lady resident at Coblentz , one day wishing ) to order of her German servant ( who did not understand English ) a boiled fowl for dinner , Greftel was summoned , and that experiment began . It was one of the lady ' s fancies , that the less her words resembled her native tongue , the more they must be like German . So her first attempt was to tell her maid that she wanted a gheekiiu ? , or keeking ; - The maid opened her eves

      and mouth and shook her head . " It ' s to cook , " said the mistress , " to cook , to put 'in an iron thing , in a pit—pat—pot . " " Ish understand risht , " said the maid in her Coblentz patois . " It's a thing to eat , " said her mistress , "for dinner—for deenerwith sauce—soace—sowose . " " What on earth am I to do ? " exclaimed the lady , in despair , but still made another attempt . "It ' s a little creature—a bird—a bard—a beard—a hen—a houe—a fowl—a fool—; it ' s all covered with feathers—fathers—feeders ; " " Ah , ah , " cried the delighted German , at last getting hold of a catchword , " Ja , ja ! feddersjawohl ! " and away went Grettel , and in half an hour returned with a bundle of stationers' quills . — Hood .

      Height op Inquisitivbnbss . —To fclimb the housetop , and look down the chimney , to see what your neighbour has for dinner . Negro Condescension . — " Cuff , " said an American militia officer to a negro at his side , as he prepared to swallow bis seventh tumbler , " Cuff , you ' re a good honest fellow , and I like to compliment a man wot ' s led an honest life , even if he is a black—you shall take a glass of something to drink with me , Cuff . " / ' Well , Captin , " says Cuff , wiping his mouth with hii coat eteeve , * ' Pse berry dry , so I won ' t be ugly 'bout it . Some niggers is too proud to drink with a milishy ossit ' er—but I tink a milishy ossifer , when he's sober , is jis as good as a nigger , especially if de n gger ' s dry . Vaniit Rebuked . —A foolish fellow was boasting before Cicero of what his ancestors had done for Rome . " You need not remind us , " said the orator , " that the geese once saved the capitol . "

      Plenty of Brass . —A young man said toSophocles , " If you could coin all the silver in your hair , how rich , old man , you would be I" " Not half so rich as you would be , young man , answered Sophocles , "if you could only sell all the brass in your face . " A Reputation . — That instead of its requiring , " nine tailors to make a man , " one tailor has all the qualities of nine men : — 1 . —As a Cook he has a roast goose every day . 2 . —As a Navigator he shapes his course bg his needle . 3 . —Asa Gardener lie sows his rows and cultivates his callage . i . —As an Actor he performs on ( he boards , atld brandishes a bodinkin . 5 . —As a Clergyman or reformer , he mends old bad habits . 6 . —As an-Eitectift ' tie , his measures are taken according to circumstances . 7 . —As a Surveyor his ri ght lines and a ) tgks are directed to certain points .

      8 . —As a witty , sarcastic Politician , he makes his . poi ) it * cut keen . 9 . —As a Schoolmaster , he " teaches the young idea how to shoot , " and bastes when necessary ! A Puep into Sherwood Forest . — Scarcely were we seated in our pleasant hut when there came birds of various kinds , yellowhammers , gorse-linnets , with their resy breasts , pi « d' wagtails , and the graceful yellow wagtails , winchats of the richest colours , titlarks , and wheatears—all came to drink and cool themselves . It was beautiful to see them in their happy freedom , believing themselves unobserved by man , Into the translucent waters they waded up to their very necks , singing in their delight ; and some stood perfectly still , enjoying the cold liquid

      as it streamed through their feathers ; and others dipped and fluttered it over theiribodies , and made a ruffl ing and a scuffling in the brook that was truly delightful to | see . As these flew away , others were continually coming and taking their places . It was evidently a fashionable bathing place with them , and that obviously because the stream here was shallow , running over the clear bright gravel most temptingly and accoiLodatingly . It was a peep into the life of these lowly but lovely creatures which is rarely attained , and for the rareness of which we have to thank Gutty rranny . The happy creatures seldom stayed long ; the sense of duty lay even upon thorn . They had their household cares , and their young families , in the bushes , and amidst the shaggy retreat of the moorland . —William Uowitt .

      Rou . ndaboui Expressions . —In some instances , roundabout phrases are all very well , in others sadly out of place , suck as a signature to a letter in the Times the otherday— " A Parent , but not a Father . ' It took us one minute and thirty-two seconds to disi cover that this was intended to signify the fact ot the writer being a mother . Only . think of little Anna Matilda addressing her 5 ma as follows" Parent but not my Father , wilt thou favour me with another of the cups which cheer but do not inebriate . The Toils of a Newspaper . —Newspaper literature is a link in the great chain of miracles which proves Lhe greatness of England , and every support should be given to newspapers . The editors of these newspapers must have a most onerous task . It is not the writing of ' the leading article itself , but the obligation to write that article every week , whether

      inclined or not , in sickness or in health , in affliction , distress of mind , winter and summer , year after year , tied down to one task , remaining in one spot . It U someting like the walking a thousand miles in a thousand hours . I have a fellow feeling for them , for I know how a periodical will wear down one ' s existence . In itself it appears nothing—the labour is not manifest ; nor is it the labour-it is the continual attention which it requires . Your life becomes , as it were , the publication . One week is no sooner corrected and printed , than on comes the other . It is the stone of Sisyphus—an endless repetition of toil—a constant weight upon the mind—a c mtinued wearing upon the intellect and spirits , demanding all the exertion of your faculties , at the same time that you are compelled to do the severest drudgery . To write for a paper is very well , but to edit one is to condemn yourself to slavery . —Captain Marryat .- .

      , ,, A Branch Line . —An undertaker in Shoreditch London , has written over his shop-door , " patronised by the Eastern Counties Railway . " Service op Danger . — " A Guardsman , " writing in reply to " Miles" in the Times , alludes to the great morality in the Guards , consequent on the hard and constant duty which that corps has to perform . No doubt the London campaign from May to August , is very trying to Guardsmen . Late hours and want of rest must do sad injury to their constitutions . They must suffer a great deal from the season , It is wonderful , indeed , that more of them are not harrassed to death by the fatigue-duty of polkas and waltzes , and that they do not fall in even larger numbers from the balls—though without powder—to which they expose themselves . —Punch .

      Holyrood Palace . —Why will not Dukes march a little with the times ? Why will men with coronets lag so lamentably belind steam-boat stokers and omnibus drivers ? We have penny and twopenny rides by land and water , for which heretofore we paid sixpence . Why , then , if palaces are made howplaces of—why should we not have palaces like ^ pineapples , for the million ? llolyroode Palace is the property of the Duke of Hamilton , and , though all Edinburgh is almost at a boiling heat—whobbling to a civic riot—at his shamefully high charges , he will not exhibit his royal cobwebs and spiders at a reduced price . Neither will he separate the exhibition Showing—for a proportionate sura—the spider without the cobweb , or the cobweb without the spider . This is too bad . Nay , were we not speaking of a Duke , we should say it was shabby . —Punch .

      Louis Philippe and the Poles . —That nobleminded , most ingenuous monarch , Louis Philippethat Napoleon of Pence—lias attacked the Polish cause in Paris through its pocket : — the editors of three papers , entitled " The Third of May" the " Polish Nation , " and the " Polish Democracy , " had been cited before the Tribunal of Correctional Police , for the non-fulfilment of certain formalities , and for omiting to deposit in the Treasury a security of 50 , 000 f . eaeh . The object of that measure was evidently to obtain the suppression of those journals . " Gold is the old man ' s sword , " says the poet ; and —the Napoleon of Pence , sheathing the homicidal steel—stabs and cuts the throat of freedom with a weapon of more precious metal , He says he abomi nates bloodshed ; but does not scruple to knock down Liberty whenever ho meets her , with a money-bag . — jtunch ,

      @Miral Inbuism T*

      @ miral InbUism t *

      Anfwriaif Educatiok. — The Catecnism Use...

      AnfWriAif Educatiok . — The catecnism used in the government schools in Austrian Italy teaches that deseters from the army will be punished m the next world with eternal damnation . Substitute for Potatoes . —A Swiss journal states that the bulb of the dahlia , when dressed like potatoes , affords an excellent article of food . An Interesting Memorial . —The bronze lamp , which is said to have first suggested to Galileo the theory of the pendulum , is still suspended in the nave of the Cathedral at Pisa . It is of fine workmanship .

      Another . Rotal Pauper . —It is said that to the pension list is to be added the name of the Duchess of Inverness , with a pension of £ 1 , 000 per annum . [ Last week Ann Ryan died of starvation ; others of the plundered people are perishing for lack of food . Englishmen ! think . ] The Number of Negro Slaves in countries calling themselves Christian , is estimated at 7 , 350 , 000 , of whom there are 3 , 000 , 000 in Brazil , and 2 , 750 , 052 in happy , free America . The Scott Monument . —Up to the present time , the Scott monument has cost £ 15 , 650 . There are 56 niches yet to be filled with statues of the principal characters in Sir Walter ' s works . Wise in Time . —The French Government have been advised to prohibit the importation of venomous reptiles for menageries . It is said that it a preg : nant female rattle-snake were to escape , the breed would be established in France .

      Shbkp . —Every part of the globe , from the regions of the torid zone to the cold frigid climate oi Iceland , is inhabited by the sheep . The Poor in the far North . —Sir Edward Coffin is at present in Shetland for the purpose of inquiring into the state of the poor . Bad Half-Sovereions . —The public should be on their guard against bad half-sovereigns , composed of a sort of metal resembling zinc and gilded by the elactro-plating process . They are not easly to be detected by the rinj ; , and they are well executed . The deficiency of their weight , however , immediately shows they are counterfeits . Importation op Venison . ~ Venison , imported whole from Hamburgh , was offering in Hull shambles on Tuesday at Gd . per lb . for foreparts , and Is , for haunches . Railboaos in the Papal States . —The railroads

      determined upon are the following : —One to the Neapolitan frontier , by the Valley del Sacco ; one from Porto d'Auzio to Rome ; one from Rome to Civita Vecchia ; and . lastly , one from Rome to Ancona , and from thence to Bologna , following the ancient Via Flaminia-Emilia . A New Way of Hearing the News . —A fellow climbed one of the poles of the electric telegraph , in West Kent , the other day , and applied his ear to the wires in order to hear the news . Death of Rear Admiral Thomas White . —We aare to record the demise of this gallant officer , at the age of 11 years ,

      Dissent . —Mr . Hanstie , the new Provost of Glasgow , is said to be the first Dissenter advanced to that office . A Family Affair . —It in extraordinary fact connected with the murder of the policeman at Bristol , that the murdress , after committing the deed , went in a fly to the station house for the purpose of surrendering herself , she was driven there by her own brother ; [ the sergeant who received her was her stepfather ; and the housekeeper at the station house was her own mother . The Jews . —The Grand Duke of Meeklenburg-Schwerin has just addressed a rescript to the head of the Jewish communion in his dominions , declaring that after St . John ' s day , 1847 , the annual tax paid

      by the Jews shall be suppressed . Defalcation or a Clerk . —A man named Kenneth Sunderland , a clerk in the employ of Mr . Chas , Wace , meat salesman , Newgate-market , has absconded , taking with him upwards of £ 260 . Prince and Princess Czartoryski . — Notwithstanding all reports to the contrary , it appears that the sequestration of the property of Prince and Princess Czartoryski , in Gallicia , has been legally notified to the parties in Paris . Great Barracks—Government has just concluded a purchase of about 14 acres of land , on the east side of Birmingham , for the erection of a great central barracks for England .

      Convicts . —There are about 1000 convicts employed on the new works at Gibraltar . Pigeon Flight . —A few days ago , a celebrated pigeon , the property of Mr . Lawford , of Brixton , flew from thence to Brighton ( 52 miles ) in less than an hour . Gun Cotton . —Dr . Murray has called the attention of the Secretary of the General Post Office , to the exceeding great danger of transmitting gun cotton by post , on account of its inflammable nature . He says it will explode at a temperature not exceeding 78 degrees of Fahrenheit . The Tea Plant in France . — The Journal dee Debate says experiments , recently made , have proved most satisfactorily that the tea plant can be grown in France .

      Mr . Grantley Berkeley conceiving that he has used stronger terms towards Mr . Ilarman Visger than the points of difference between them called for , has apologised . Thousands are Starving . —Read this . —A wealthy tradesman of Birmingham , whose intellects have been disordered by a tide of prosperity , and who labours under delusions that he is God , Christ , Napoleon , & c , and that he is attended by several Dukes of Wellington , has been found insane by a jury .. Meeting of Parliament . — We are enabled to confirm the report that Parliament will meet for the despatch of business on Tuesday , the 19 th of Jan . next . —Observer . Many French Workmen have been engaged for the newly established glass works at Hull , From Lille alone twenty men have already set out , and fifty are expected to follow .

      A Hint to Young Ladies . —A surgical writer atributes high shoulders , and deformities of the spine , to " the abominable practice of undressing girls necks as low as the hanging of their clothes will permit . " The Papal States . —The , Pope has issued a decree calling into operation that ot 1732 , declaring the ports of Ancona and Sinigaglia free ports . Bonding warehouses are to be established in both places . A Bologna letter of the 5 th states that the Pope , in consequence of the frequent collisions between the Swiss garrison of Bologna and the Papal soldiers , has ordered the Swiss to march to Rome . The Electric Telegraph . —Workmen are engaged laying down the electric telegraph from the JVine { Elms along the footway on tho west side of Lambeth Place , Kennington .

      Tub Istumus of Panama . — At a late meeting of the Geographical Society of Berlin , M . Bitter spoke in high terms of a plan for cutting through the Isthmus conceived by Prince Louis Napoleon , during his confinement at Ham . Great Storm . —Liverpool and its neighbourhood was visited by a severe storm on Friday last , which caused great destruction of property . The Bey of Tunis . —Ahmed Pacha , arrived on Sunday , at 1 o ' clock , in Paris by a special train of the Orleans railway . The Bey immediately proceeded to the palace of the Elysee-Bourbon , where apartments had been prepared for him and his suite .

      A Modern Samson . —On Monday evening one of the most herculean feats on record , was performed at Jim Burn's , the Queen's Head , Great Windmillstreet . A native of the south of France broke with his fist various stones placed before him on a blacksmith ' s anvil . He split a cobbler ' s lapstone in hall , tho diameter oi which was three inches , and shivered into fragments an immense flint stone , weighing close upon twelve pounds . There is no deception of any kind , a towel being merely bound round tho hand of the marvellous stone-breaker , Great Western . —A great convenience and accommodation has just been provided at the Paddington terminus by the appropriation of a waiting-room , well wavmedand lighted , for second-class passengers . Similar accommodation has also just bjen provided b ) the company for passengers travelling by the third-class .

      Ihe Kino without a Throne . —The Count de Montemolin , or , as he is called by his adherents , his Majesty Charles Luis , King de jure of Spain , arrived in the metropolis on Sunday night , Railway Notices . —A London Gazette , published on Wednesday , contains sixty-nine notices of application to Parlament for Railway Acts during the next session , Great Isfwjx of Shipping . —The westerly winds for the last five days have brought up the homeward bound fleet , and on Monday and Tuesday upwards

      of 300 vessels were hauled into the West India , London , St . Katharine , Grand Surrey Canal , and Commercial Docks . Nh \ y Polar Expedition . —At the last meeting of the Royal Geographical Society , it was announced by-Sir J . II . Pelly , that the Hudson ' s Bay Company had fitted out a well equipped expedition , for the purpose of surveying the unexplored portion of the coast on the north-east angle of the American continent . The expedition started in two boats , on the dtti of July last .

      India Salt Monopoly . —We understand that no fewer than nine memorials have been forwarded to the authorities against the sVvlt monopoly . They emanate from commercial bodies in Chester , Worcester , Blackburn , Manchester , and Liverpool . The Cubden National Tribute Fund has this this week reached the sum of £ 77 , 473 is . 9 d . OuT-1 ' ENaiONERB OF CuELSBA HosriTAL . —PvOUian official document itappears that in 18-13 there wore 70 , 092 out-pensioncrs of all branches of the army on the establishment of Chelsea Hospital .

      Thb Drunken Miller . —The other day , a miller going home from Penrith market , " rather foil , " had to cross the line near Castlcgate . llewas told by the tradesman that the eng ine was coming ; but lie said , " O , d n tho engine , it inoin stop till 1 'se over — I ' ve waited for it niony a time . " On came the iire-hcrae into contact with the tool ' s cart , liter-

      Anfwriaif Educatiok. — The Catecnism Use...

      a lly knocking it off the line ; arid turning it topsyturvy . The madman-escaped with some braises . Coal in the Pyrenees . —The Count de Castellan * nas , it is said , after a heavy expenditure in searchingfor coal m various points of the Pyrenees , succeeded in . niscovermc some rich beds near Bagueres . « tnio 1 = h KT > * , ™ SwEDBN .-The Swedish council of aboimon ° ln r ° f the ki . * ' P P arin « a biu fat ^ « K L ?! - f ct , r P 0 ,-atio '"> of trades , and every Sweden Up 0 n the freedora of trado l » Abbjidkbn University The Earl of Fllismor * haf been elected Lord Rector of the UhiSSKf Aberdeen for the ensuing year "" iversuy pi Mutiny Prkvbnted .- Orders have been eiven ia allow tobacco , asformerly , to the men in the Queen ' a ships while lying in harbour .

      The Military force jn England—It is rumoured that the whole troops stationed in England will be stationed in three central depots—Woolwich , Birmingham , and Nowhaven ; to cover the metropolis , the manufacturing districts , and the southern coast . Stipendiary Magistrates in thb Metropolis . — The magistrates of thirteen police courts in the metropolis are paid £ 1 , 000 a year , and the chief maeistrate £ 1 . 200 . There are twenty-two at £ 1 , 000 & year , andone at £ 1 , 200 , making £ 23 , 200 ayear paid in salaries to magistrates .

      Revising Barristers . —The barristers appointed to revise the lists of voters are paid £ 210 a year each , under the 0 th Vic , c . 18 . By a return made to Parliament it seems that seventy were appointed , and consequently they received £ 14 , 700 The Post-office . —We have heard , on what wa believe to be good authority , that Colonel Maberly is about to retire , on his full salery , from the office of secretary to tho Postmaster-peneral , and that he will ba succeeded by Rowland llUl-ManehsUr Guardian . [ Why should Colonel Maberly have a full salary , or any salary fordoing nothing ? 1

      fiiK Latr Lord Metcalfb . —A subscription will shortly be set on foot for the purnose of raisin" a suitable monument in Canada to the late lamented Lord Metcalfe . Mit . Charles Dickens arrived in Paris , on Sunday , on his return from his tour in Switzerland . More Bishops . —We have been informed , on good authority , that the question of the Welsh Bishoprics is satisfactorily arranged ; that the two Welsh Sees are to be preserved ; and that the See of Manchester is nevertheless to be erected immediately . —Guardian .

      Vm Will or thb ute Patrick Maxwbii , SrKWABt M . P ., for Renfrewshire , was made in 1840 , He has left to his brother , Captain Houston Stewart . R . N ., all his possessions and estates at Charlotville , Tobago , with the crop , plant , engines , building , due . AH his heritable property and other estates in Scotland he directs his executors to dispose of as they think best , the proceeds to form part of the residue ot his general estate . His personal property in Eneiland was estimated at 30 , 000 . He bequeaths £ 8 . 000 and half tbe residue to be held in trust by his executors for theehildren « f his deceased- brother , John Shaw Stewart , to bo equally divided among them . The deceased was unmarried . Opening of the Tunbrid 3 k Wells Extension Railway . —After many postponements , the extension branch line of the Tunbridge Wells Railway was publicly opened on Wednesday for passenger and other traffic .

      Collision on the Manchester and Birmingham Railway . —On Tuesday morning :, the train which leaves Manchester for Birmingham at twenty minutes before ten o ' clock , was detained upwards of three houro , In o nooquonoo of onminR in collision with a train of coal waggons , which was proceeding on the Mime line of rails in the direction of Manchester . One of the passengers had three or four of his front teeth knocked out , with a splinter of the jawbone adhering ; another received a cut across the forehead . The Bank Robbery at Messrs . Rooers ' s . —From information that has recently been obtained that it is expected will throw some light on this mysterious affair , tbe offer of a reward of £ 3 , 000 . together with her Majestyis pardon has been renewed . New Governor of thb Island of Ascension . — Captain Hutton of the Royal Navy , has just receiYed the appointment of Governor of the Island of Ascension .

      Inspector General of Railways . — Captain Joshua Coddington , of the Royal Engineers , Deputy Inspector General of Railways , has been appointed Government Inspector General of Railwavs , vice Miijo General Charles William Paisley , c ! b ., resigned . Representation of Manchester . —The Whigs and Conservatives threaten to combine against Bright John of Roclidale ; they are in treaty with a gentle man to oppose the " buttonless blackguard . " Accident on the French Northern Line . —On Friday last the large wooden building at Lisle , which was recently being prepared for a waiting room for passengers , fell with a frightful crash . The Paisley and Renfrew Railway , was last week sold to the , Ayrshire Company .

      Thb Cat the Mouse and the -Railway Train . — On Friday morning , the early railway train between Kendal and Lancasterran over and killed a fine black cat , which was crossing the line with a mouse , and was too intent upon her prey to notice lhe approach , of the engine . The cat was afterwards found completely cut in two , with the mouse firmly fixed between her teeth . Lots of Bibles . —In Scotland alone , from Jannary 1845 , to January 1846 , sixteen editions of the Bible were printed , consisting of 312 . 000 copies . Nkll Gwynh ' s house —The house in Pall Mall now occupied by the Society for the Propagation of tha Gospel was originally granted by Charles IL , as s freehold , to Nell Gwynn . The Pope . —The life of the Pope is said to be not safe . Every article of food is cooked ill his presence . VVhen he goes to mass he takes the wafers with him .

      England s Prosperity . " He saw a pig which cut its own throat , As it swam nith vast celerity ; And the devil he smiled , for he thought all the while Of England ' s commercial prosperity . " Devil ' s Walk . A Thief catcher turned Thiff . — The police superintendent at Stroud has suddenly departed as a defaulter to the extent of between £ 200 and £ 300 Fact for trk Naturalist . —Mr . Lodge , of Bartonstreet , Gloucester , has had for two or three years ft tortoise , which crawls about the house , and has become a sort of a pet . Last week the animal laid , on the same day , two eggs of a brown colour , having the appearance of " monster" marbles . Mr . Coddkn at Cadiz . —A grand banquet was given to Mr . Cobden on the 10 th inst . by various proprietors and merchants in that commercial city . M . Odillo . v Barhoti ' s " starring" it at Constantinople .

      Suicide of ax Austrian Consul . —A letter from Constantinople , of ' the 5 th , says : — " Two days ago a loud detonation was heard to proceed from the house inhabited by M . de Chabert , consul-general of Austria at Smyrna . On proceeding to his room he was found lying in the bed with his skull factured , and the pistol with which he had effected this rash act by bis side . New Bisnors . —Wc understand that Archdeacon Shirley will be the new Bishop of Sodor and Man . Naval Forces of Tunis . —There are at present ia the harbour of Toulon four Tunisian vessels , the Dante steamer , a corvette , and two brigs . A frigate and another brig bearing the same flag are expected , which will complete the assemblage in the same French pert of the whole of the naval forces of Tunis .

      A Corn Riot , which at one time threatened serious results , took place at Tours , on Saturday . A large mob assembled in the co .-n market , and appeared disposed to proceed to extremities . A detachment oi the National Guard being insufficient to disperse the mob , a company of infantry of the lina was called out , and stones were also thrown at them , by which some of the men were wounded , but they kept back the mob at the point of tbe bayonet . A detachment of lancers next came up , and stones were thrown at thorn . One of the soldiers was severely wounded in the head . Several arrests were made , and it was hoped that quiet was restored ; but in the evening there was another riof , which was with difficulty suppressed by an overwhelming armed force . Dreadful Accident at Constantinople . —On the Ctb instant a most dreadful accident occurred at tha

      now government Iron-works—a large chimney was in course of construction , under the Charge of Armenians , aided by English engineers , and had been carried to the enormous height of 230 feet . It slid , ind in its fall destroyed the lives of 50 workmen , and wounded SO or 100 . The Cholera in Bagdad . —Letters from Bagdad , of October the 15 th , state that the cholera , after committing dreadful ravages in that city , had almost disappeared . It was about the end of September that it appeared there , and iu less than a fortnight it carried off 4 , 000 persons out of a population of 35 , 000 . Elkctric Tklkorafh is Prussia . —The Gazette de Voss states that thu Prussian Government has forbidden railway companies-to construct olectric tele , graphs on their own account , and preserves to itself this modo of forwarding intelligence .

      The Two Monterey ' s . —Some of onr correspondents are puzzled at our report of naval operations and land victories in Monterey , Now , be it known to all men and women , who will not look on the map of Mexico , there are two Montereys in the enemy ' s country . One is in north eastern Mexico , it is an inland city , and is now in possession of Gen . Taylor . The other is in California ; is a seaport on the Pacific Ocean , and is now in possession of Commodore Stockton . When we speak of the army at Monterey , therefore , wc mean Monterey in the interior ; and when we speak of the ships of war at Monterey , wo mean the city of that name on the west coast . —New York American Sun .

      Tub Tears or Avarice . —Alexander wept—poor , tender-hearted fellow—when there were no more worlds to conquer . Louis Philippe , it is said , hearing of the wealth of Miss Burdett Coutts , burst into tears , not having another son to marry . —Punch . -

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Nov. 28, 1846, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_28111846/page/3/