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Northern Star (1837-1852), 28th August 1852, Edition 2 of 2, Page 11, .August 28,1882. THE gfAE Of FBEEDOM. 43...

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      Public Meetings * &C. Public Funeral Of ...

      [ ThiPhis was answered by an unanimous cry of " Vive la omifoiifiliqae " and Citizen Emetic Staniewiez , Ofie of the rceprepid chiefs of the Lithuanian insurrection , now a member Idiedie . Polish Democracy Society , addressed the assemblage in iistish . He le said : —When I contemplate the majesty of that funeral ttectege and see float above that silent crowd the banners of eei'Eers nationalities ; when I hear salute the sons of la belleFrance H tl the classic features of immortal Rome , and friends from the ukaks the of Danube and the Elbe come to mingle their tears

      E , lh th those of our national family , —ah ; it seems to me that Airdre humanity , represented by her different races , is come to mdader homage to him whose whole life was a continued act of ntiitmued devotion in her service , and to weep over a bruised baboo of the great flock of European Liberty . After alluding to jj 3 intripid life of Darasz ,---he continued : — Yes ! intrtpid sarard of an advanced post , it was for his country and for immunity that he terminated his life so usefully and trjoriouslv

      * acaee to thee eminent citizen ! In you we lose a zealous guide a active and indefatigable co-labourer , at the moment when ee e aurora of liberty lights up our hearts with new hopes . 3 hdien holy liberty shall at length be seated on the throne of ee e world , and will distribute crowns of flowers to the emanci-Jteted nations , thy name , in the Polish banquet , shall occupy a ( oiorious place ! Peace to thy ashes ! honoured and imperishulole memory to thy name !

      I LEDitu Sollin next mountedthe temporary platform , and in neie name of the Central Oontmittee thus addressed the iisjsemblage : —¦ I Brothers ! * ¦ When throughout Europe liberty is in dungeons or in chains , "Mien right is' for theiriomerit vanquished , and priests arid periirired despots anathematise the idea , recognising no other means If f government than success or force : When in the official world ! U 11 is saturnalia , fete and orgie , ah ! this is a striking spectacle iririiongst the tombs ! But yesterday , at Genoa , a Whole people ; ibllowed the coffin of the noble mother of an exile . Now it is

      neere where so many divers nationalities , yesterday hostile , dragged by their masters into implacable hatreds , cOriie to aacrifice their prejudices * upon a tomb , and fraternally clasp : aach others hands . Yes , it is a great and a noble spcetable , which borrows somethirig of its sombre majesty , of its inexorable decrees even frorii death : which , transforming itself continually , seems with its mysterious and prophetic voice to jsay to the old world , to the world of obscurantism , exploitation mid violence : the tune has come ; give place to the world of Higlit , of justice , arid of equality , give place to the new world . — {{ Bmvo , bravo !) In fact the time has come ; for the people at last [ convinced of the crimes of their tyrants , are about to commence &

      supreme struggle . Otherwise , where-ior that crowd r wheretior these mingled standards ? Is it simply to follow a cold ( corps ? Oh ! no ; worthy of love , Worthy of honour as was ^ Darasz , the greater number of you have not known him . You ; are here because his life was a principle , his death an act of devotion , his country the heroic Poland , a natioriality dispersed and vanquished . You are here because for sixty years there has riseri to the heaven of France a new dogma , the dogma of human fraternity , which makes the grief of one the grief of all the nations ; a dogma inaugurated in the blood of our fathers ,

      turned from its object by a despot , and which could not be well understood until after a series of struggles and two powerless revolutions . But at last thy triumph has come . 0 new religion oi" human solidarity ! * Salutation to thee , daughter of revolution , philosophy , and . unfettered reason ! It was reasonable that the religions of the past should attempt to stifle thee hi their baptism ; for these religions are narrow and exclusive : they divide , they distinguish , they fulminate , they excommunicate , they have then : good and their perverse , their elect and theh damned , whilst thou , without exception of races or beliefs , seest that under all the immensity of the heavens , brothers

      should love one another . —( Loud applause . ) Thy triumph is come ; and if it has taken thee half a century amidst combats , prisons and scaffolds , to give wings to thought , to give wings to matter , to create , between man and man , a sacred tie of love , toraise an altaruievery heart , a hearth iri everynation at least , therevolution henceforth will be universally fruitful ; for the day when it shall burst forth like a subterranean fire , it shall burst forth at the same time all over the world ; liberty , justice , right for all , iu thy name , 0 holy human solidarity \—[ Cries of " Qui , owi , " and "tresbienl" ) Let the prideful or the weak / who would systematically shape the world according to their own standard , declare that the revolution is a sterile work , so long as the

      economical laws of the new order of things have not been discovered . They are bad labourers who pretend to sow before the earth has been ploughed . No , it is not a sterile work to clear the earth of all the authorities and all the parasites . No , it is not a vain work to make , from one end of Europe to the other , all men equal and brothers under the republican form . No , it is not a vain work to overthrow all the barriers which separate the peoples , to lay the new economical principles on the basis of one grand mutuality . Then only will come sciencefor she will then have at hand all the elements of the

      , problem , arid be able to contemplate them from on high and for all , as that sun which now sheds its light upon us . les , the work is beautiful and gigantic , for never in the universe will there be a social transformation so magnificently accomphshea . —[ Loud applause . ) But why more words , brothers , between us , who , without exception of theories or systems , are penetrated with the same spirit , animated with the same idea—tnc idea of revolution ? But dissertation in the presence of the

      dead is to make of rhetoric a trade . Death acts without relaxation , act so also , be mute that you may strike the surer . JNo more words then , but an act , a deed . In presence of all these renmants of peoples , united here as in a valley of Josaphat tor aprolatarian resurrection , in the name of human solidarity , m the name of the coining revolution , in the name of the Universal Republic , soon to be founded ; swear , brothers , on this open grave : swear between the peoples anindissoluable alliance ;

      swear that in the supreme struggle against all the tyrannies ) von Will remain united as We now are in the same grief and in the same hope !—( Cries of " Nous le jure , nous le jure ! on every side . ) Citizen Paul Dakasz addressed a few words to the assemblage , after which an Englishman , in French , expressed the sympathy of the English people with their foreign brethren m exile , and the multitude dispersed .

      .August 28,1882. The Gfae Of Fbeedom. 43...

      . August 28 , 1882 . THE gfAE Of FBEEDOM . 43 ''

      <> Discovery Of Coal In Cavax.—A Few Day...

      <> Discovery of Coal in Cavax . —A few days ago , as a farmer near Kilnaneck was making a pit , he alighted unexpectedly 011 a coal mine at the depth of six feet from the surface of the . earth . The coal , which is of the anthracite Mud , is peculiarly clear and parMing .

      Political Refugee Committee. (Monday, Au...

      POLITICAL REFUGEE COMMITTEE . ( Monday , August 23 rd , Mr . Robert Cooper in the Chair . ) _ Several small sums ( set forth below ) were handed in . Some slight aid was voted to three German Refugees . Certain means to raise funds were taken into consideration , but decision thereon was unavoidably postponed . The committee adj ourned till Friday evening . W Errors in tlie statement of monies received and disbursed , published in last week ' s Stajb of Freedom , render necessary the publication of t \\ Q following amended ' and accurate statement , : —

      Receipts . —August 9 th . —23 rd . £ » . d . Balance in hand , August 9 th ; t ., jg 9 2 Walter Cooper \ ' [ 110 Robert Cooper . "" y j /• JulianHarney ] ZZZ'Z 0 10 0 Ihornton Hunt and C . Bray 0 10 0 Mr . Birch , per G . J . Holyoake '"'' 1 0 0 J . Watt , Glasgow 0 10 Augustus Piercey ... i , ... 010 An Italian Socialist Republican ,,. q 5 q Paisley , per A Morrison : — H . Buchannan Is .

      , , A . Morrison , Is ., W . Nelson , 6 d ., R . Pattlson , 6 d , 0 3 0 Southampton , per H . Norrington : —Mr . Hall , 2 s . 6 d ., Mr . Falvey , Is ., Mr . Jackman , Is ., Mr . Pond , Is ., Mr . Norrington , Is ., Mr . Barton , Is ., Mr . Roberts , Is ., Mr . J . C . Cox , Is ., Mr . Collis , Is 0 10 6 York , per C . Ernest , Is ., W . Swan , 3 d ., J . Dun , 3 d ., J . Banks , 3 d ., G . D ., 6 d ., J . Oldfield , Is ., CI . P ., Is .. 6 d , J . Lamb , 3 d ., G . Swalwell , Is ., John Swalwell , ( 3 d ., John Thorn , 3 d ., J . Holmes , 6 d ., & Eraser , 4 d ., W . Armitage , Is ., W . Brass , fcl , A Friend , 6 d ., Ditto , 6 d ., J . Barker , 3 d ., J . Robinson , 6 cl , W . G , 6 d ., j . Bonn , 3 d 0 11 5

      Hixckley , per J . Sketchley : —J . Sketchlev , 6 d ., W . Mason , 4 d ., J . Tilley , 2 d ., W . Hopwell 2 d ., J . Jackson , 3 d ., J . Bale , 6 d ., S . Goodyear , Gd ., H . P . T ., Is ; , G . Wills , 3 d ., J . Scarson , 3 d ., J . Ginns , 4 d ., T . Clark , 3 | d ., S . Langham , 3 d ., J . Wr ight , 3 d ., T . Battison 6 d ., A . Abbott , 4 d ., G . Lord , 3 d ., H . Wildman , ljcl ., L . Smith , 3 d ., ' L . Abbott , Od 0 7 0 Cheltenham , per J . Hemming , T . Pay ton , Is ., E . Witts , ls ., R . Buckingham , Is ., J . Hemmin AS . * IVLl . YV Ilivfcu IS * ••*»• # ••*•••••*»• 1 * »••*•*** ... , v # , ' u O v

      J . Dav idson , Brechin 0 16 II . Sturgeon . 0 1 0 Mr . James , per H . Wilkes ... v .. 0 10 W . Whitehead , Braco 0 10 Epjiujukgh , by Mr . W * M'Kechnie 1 8 6 £ 20 8 7 Disbursements . —August 9 th . —23 rd . German Refugees , per C . Schapper 1 10 0 A German Refugee .... 0 2 6 French Refugees , per Louis Blanc \ . 10 0 0 Polish Refugees , per Messrs . Kryski and Zabiscki 5 0 0 A German Refugee . ; 0 2 6 Aid to Hungarian Refugee Oil 0 Rent of Room , six weeks 0 9 0 To sub-Secretary ...... ; ........... 10 0 Postage » 0 0 4 Three German Refugees , 7 s . 6 d . each ( Aug . 23 rd . ) 1 2 6 £ 19 17 10 Monies Received £ 20 8 7 Monies Disbursed 19 17 10 Balance in hand Aug . 23 rd £ 0 . 10 9

      Btaii Oi? Freedom Committee.—On Tuesday ...

      Btaii oi ? Freedom Committee . —On Tuesday evening last the committee , held their weekly meeting . Mr * Isaac Wilson was called to the chair . Encouraging letters from various parts of the country were read by the secretary , who afterwards reported that a considerable number of posters had been printed for distribution in the provinces . After several sums of money had been handed iu , Mr . James Grassby dwelt upon the necessity of selecting persons as

      subpublishers , and showed that a considerable increase might be expected and would take place did friends only know where to purchase their copies on the Sundays . A number of names were handed in of news-agents , who would servo in the manner indicated by Mr . Grassby ( our readers will find the list in another column . ) After the transaction of some financial ancl other business , the committee adjourned till Tuesday evening next , when all members arc earnestly invited to

      attend . Halifax Public Lectures . — Mr . G . J . Holyoak , from London , delivered two lectures on Sunday last , in the Odd Fellow ' s Hall . The subject of the afternoon lecture was ' Christ considered as an example to Moral Reformers . " The subiect of the evening ' s discourse was " A New Policy for the subject of the evening ' s discourse was " A New Policy for tue

      People . ' * From this peculiar wording people naturally supposed that Mr . Holyoak would attempt to prove that Universal Sufterage was impossible , and that the people must agitate for some more moderate measure of reform . Accordingly , an opposition was organised , and there was some talk of having recourse to the " smashing" policy . It turned out , however , that Mr . Holyoak ' s object was to show that if a better policy be not had recourse to , the charter never can be got .

      Discussion followed both lectures . fWe have received an elaborate report of the lectures and discussions , together with comments by our correspondent , which , in consequence of our space being pre-occupied by the report of the funeral of Albert Darasz , we have not room for . ] Bsadsiiaw , hear Halipax .--Mi \ Ligutower , of Bradford , delivered two lectures On Sunday last . Ragalds , near Queexsheai ) . ' — Mr ., Robinson delivered an able and interesting lecture at this place ' on ' Sunday last ,-on the " Signs of the Times . "

      Ax English Freak.—Regensburg.-Three Engl...

      Ax English Freak . —Regensburg .-Three English gentlemen { Messrs . Mansfield , Comprest and Thompson ) have undertaken to go from London to Constantinople in their own boat . They arrived here on the afternoon of the 10 th , and excited much interest . Their little vessel is built of beautiful mahogany . It is 25 feet long , and rather move than 3 feet wide in the middle . It is exceedingly elegant ; It is rowed by two of the voyagers , while the third steers . It shoots across the water with the rapidity of an arrow . It is so exceeding ly light that two persons can with ease carry it out of the water . —^ rweijfer Zeitung , Aug . 16 .

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      Remarks On The New Act Of Parliament To ...

      REMARKS ON THE NEW ACT OF PARLIAMENT TO LEGALIZE THE FORMATION OF INDUSTRIAL AND PROVIDENT SOCIETIES . This important Act is I tat , the beginning of a hew era for the industrious population of the three kingdoms , and serves to prove the facility with which measures conducive to social improvements may be obtained as compared with measures involving an alteration in the balance of political power . The passing of tlie measure in this session is principally due to the exertions of Mr . Slaney , whose retirement from

      Parliamentary life every friend of tlie workinff-cla . sso . R must mo + M mentary life every friend of the working-classes must regret . Mr . -Sothcrch and Mr . T \ X : ^ . \ joined him in bringing in the bill and carrying it through the House of Commons . In the House of Lords it was in the hands of Lord llavvowby , and it could not have been in better . But to these names should be added those of Mr . J . M . Ludlow and Mr . T . Hughes , without whose efficient exertions the act would probably never have come into existence , and that of the Earl of Ripon , who being unable from the feeble state of his health to take charge of the measure himself in the Lords , secured for it the valuable services of Lord Harrowby . *

      Of the advantages which this Act will confer upon those of the poorer working population of the three kingdoms who are alive to the vast importance of becoming their own employers , and are conscious that only by their own unremitting efforts this end can be attained , there can be but one opinion among all who have any familiarity with the former state of tlie law , and the hgid cilcct of the measure . But as the great body of those whom it . is intended to benefit are not in this position , and as there are some provisions in the Act which may be taken hold of to make them think it less advantageous to them than it is , I propose to accompany it by a few explanatory remarks .

      Until this Act passed , if more than 25 persons associated themselves together to carry on any trade or manufacture in the profits of which they had a share , without being registered as a Company under the Joint Stock Companies' Act , they were an illegal body , and consequently had no remedy for any Wrong done to them by any person with whom they might deal ; while even if the association consisted of fewer than 25 persons , yet , as all these persons were partners in the eye of the law , ancl as such had a share in all the property of the association , nmeh difficulty was occasioned in their dealings .

      For instance , if one associate appropriated to his own use any of the property of the association , he could not be prosecuted for stealing , because the property wan partly his own , but the only remedy would have been to take an account against him "Tn tlie Court of Chancery , in order to make out what ho Was entitled to , and whether he had taken more than his share . Again , every time that a new associate joined or an old one left , a new partnership was formed , and , unless expensive legal documents were prepared and executed by all the proper

      parties on every such occasion , objection might have been taken in case it had become necessary to site any debtor to the association , on the ground of want of the proper parties to the suit . And if these difficulties stood in the way of such an association sueing , so , on the other hand , they stood in the way of other persons trusting them , on account of .. the difficulty of enforcing claims against such a body . Thus , on both sides they created a serious obstacle to the successful carrying on of business . . j /'

      Now it is true that these difficulties might be got over to some extent , by means of deeds drawn up between the members of such an association , giving tho whole property to a few of the partners to act as managers for the rest , or by vesting it in trustees , ancl choosing a small number of partners who should be allowed to employ it in the business but might be checked by the trustees , if they employed it improperly .

      But this plan did not get rid of the necessity of expensive legal documents being executed whenever any change in these partners or trustees was made ; and after all it could not be applied to any association of more than twenty-five persons , without fhither expedients which were troublesome to Work , and must have remained of doubtful efficacy until they had been tried by some proceeding in a court of law .

      All these difficulties hatoe been got rid of by means of the present Act of Parliament . All tho property of all societies enrolled under this Act will ahwvys be vested in the trustees , who need not be members of the society , but may be any persons , whether members or not , in whom the members place confidence ; and who will not be subject to any responsibility excepting for the property which actually comes into their hands , unless they are themselves concerned in the management of the business . And this- property will pass , by the act of the , law , from one set of trustees to another , through the mere fact of their being appointed trustees , without the necessity of executing any legal instrument whatever .

      But although all the property of the association will bo vested in the trustees , it will not be necessary that they should be the persons who carry on the business . That may be carried on by a committee of management , or a manager or managers under the supervision of such a committee , and these managers or committee may be made removable from office by the members of the association , who will thun have in their own hands the most effectual security against any improper conduct on the part of their managers . At the same time as all the property of the association ' .. will always be vestecl ' ln-tlie trustees , they will always , be able to ¦ } sue iii . the name ' . of the

      association , whatever changes may . take place in the management ; so that no difficulty will arise in this respect ,. in enforcing claims ; while on the other hand , as the association can always be sued through the trustees , confidence will be given to the persons with whom they have to deal . Again , if any member of the association improperly applies any of its property to his own use the trustees will have no difficulty in taking any proceedings against him at law ; while for . disputes among the members of 'the association , the -rules can provide an effectual and cheap - remedy , either by proceedings before magistrates or before arbitrators .

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Aug. 28, 1852, page 11, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_28081852/page/11/