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Northern Star (1837-1852), 27th October 1849, Edition 2 of 3, Page 3, THE POPULAH RIMEDY. PAKE'S LIFE PILLS

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    • THE POPULAH RIMEDY. PAKE'S LIFE PILLS
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      . October 27, 1849. "~ The Northern Star...

      . October 27 , 1849 . " ~ THE NORTHERN STAR . 3 I « ~ " »^—» an—~—————— —— ————— -r , —— . " v

      3da««M. Worn*

      3 Da «« m . Worn *

      The Old Han'dloom Weaver. B T Dr. P. H'D...

      THE OLD HAN'DLOOM WEAVER . B DR . p . H'DOTjAIX . Inae days of my father I lired by my loom , My song with my shuttle kept pace 1 Knew not starvation nor poverty ' s srioom Strong jasmyarm , and ruddy my face . ' Oh . for the paymghts so merrv ; ffi ^ we wiU »^ isVthe gloom , And sing hberty ho ! be merry . ° Iworkedwith goodwiU , and just when I thought

      Itod plenty toeata nd to drink ; mi ?? * " &* , ike a gentleman drest , "Who then could of poverty think ? 1 wiftf 7 * S for m V friend ™ w guest . Made bay in the meadow for fun , * ' preSr Ut m thC Str < 5 am WheD D 0 ""^ S 5 And made my time-keeper the sun . I went to tbe wars just to fight on the spree , lake a fool thought the bounty a catch ; iikemadmen , we cutdownthe oldapplc tree , -llie best fruit the more easy to snatch .

      ¥ e killed thopoor stranger who wore cotton stuff , And shot onr best custom away To please a mad king gaTe our best friends a cuff , And then had the damage to pay ! We did what they told us , we had not a vote , We ruined onr trade with taxtrust , We landed at the warnings of wise men of note , And now we are ground to the dust . The loom and hand labour became slow and dear , Macuines came to cheapen and sell , Then prices came down like foul blight on the ear , And pale grew the weaver and fell . The loom left the cottage , the wheel left the hearth , And clang went the factory bell ; Then followed low wages , hard labour , and death , The click of the loom was death ' s knelL

      Wesought cottage aid just to save us from theft , Were propped np by parish relief , Bnt of tbat we were soon by the knaves law bereft . And clothed in the garb of the thief . "We cracked in tbe bastile the hard "Whiggish stones , And eat their old horse-flesh for beef , "We knawed in onr want all tbe old Tory bones , And had separation relief . "We kicked up a row , and were sent off to jail , To hear Parson Cant tell a lie , For God never bade the unhappy who wail , To suffer , submit , and then die . Labour , sweetlabonr , well paid they refuse , And yet heavy taxes they seek , How can they reap ought from the soil they abuse , One day ' s food is the wage of a week .

      We see what it is to have maniac kings , We feel now the taxes of war , "We know what the want of a freeman ' s vote brings , For that is prosperity ' s bar . Courage boys yet ; The old suffrage is near , We ' ve all came of age to know right , Give us hut the vote , and we'll never know fear Of tyranny's plunder and mi ght . We'll sweep away taxes , and open our ports Wide to industry ' s tide , We'll bring back again our old English sports , And plenty we'll spread far and wide .

      Hurrah ! for the Charter , the spring of life ' s hope Up . brother up , 'tis the morn , The long nlgrbt of sorrow its portals doth ope , And the sun of old freedom is born .

      Uruirtb.

      UruirtB .

      The Bistort Of Ireland. B Y T. "Wright, ...

      THE BISTORT OF IRELAND . B y T . "Wright , Esq . VavtXVl . London : J . and P . Tallis , 100 , St . John Street , This Part ( which is embellished with a beautiful engraving representing the death of St . Patrick ) brings the first volume of Mr "Weight ' s excellent history to a conclusion , and opens the second volume . The first volume contains seven hundred and twenty-eight pages , and brings the narrative of Ireland ' s

      troubled story down to the close of the year 1643 , when Catholics , Puritans , and Royalists -seem to have conspired to render the entire country one scene of crime and misery—outrage and suffering . The savage butcheries perpetrated by Pheldi O'Xeill and his followers , and the equally barbarous reprisals of the Protestant English party ; the perfidy of Charles the 1 st ., the bigoted tyranny of the Parliamentarians , and the miserable sectarian

      rebellion of the Irish party—their outbreak never assumed the proportions of a national rising for freedom—arc graphically detailed by the historian . Although it is impossible to extenuate the barbarities "which were commenced by PnELGi 0 ' 5 ? ehx , the "English . " puritans must be branded as the inciters of those enormities , seeing that by their vexatious persecution of the Catholics they drove them to revolt . Even those Catholics -who were

      " loyal , " and desired to remain so , were so persecuted by the ruling powers , that many of them irere driven in despair to join tho ** rebels ; " take one celebrated instance , —recorded amongst many in the pages before us , —that of the chivalrous Lord Castlehaves who , when he offered his services to the Government was repulsed because lie was a Catholic ; and for no better reason he was annoyed , persecuted , and ultimately arrested . Escaping from prison he joined the confederates of Kilkenny , in arms under Owen O'Neill ( a very superior man to Pheldi tbe pitiless ) , and became one of the most celebrated of the Irish leaders .

      We are sorry fo detect a seeming departure iron Mr . "Weight ' s usual impartiality and liberal sentiments , where speaking of the negotiations carried on in Oxford between Charles and the Irish insurgents , the historian observes : — "These diminished proposals breathed the arrogant spirit of a victorious faction ; although some of them were just and reasonable , others could not possibl y be conceded . ** Now , in our opinion , all the proposals on the part of tho Irish , were just and reasonable , and ought all lohaze been conceded . JFor what were their demands ? They required the repeal of all penal statutes ; a free

      parliament , and the suspension of PoTSDfG s law during its session ; the annulling of all acts and ordinances of the Irish ( Protestant ) Parliament since its prorogation on the 7 th of August , 1 G ± 1 ; that all indictments , attainders , and outlawries in prejudice of Irish Catholics , since that day , should he vacated , ¦ with a release of debts , and a general act of oblivion ; that all offices formed for the king ' s title to lands since the year 1634 should be annulled , and that an act of limitation should he passed for the security of estates ; that an inn of court , and seminaries of education should he established in Ireland for the benefit of the Catholics ; that all natives of Ireland ,

      without exception , should he capable of being appointed to places of trust and honour ; while nonehutsuchasiad estates , and were resident in Ireland , should he allowed to sifc and vote in the Irish Parliament ; that the Parliament of Belaud should be formally declared independent of that of England ; that the iurisdiction of the Irish Privy Council should be limited to matters of state ; that no chief governor should be continued more than three years , and that he should not ho allowed , during his government , to purchase any lands

      in Ireland , except from the king . Now , conaderinn- the time and ciremmstances , it apoears to us that these demands were just , and by no means breathed an " arrogant' or & TwnuiT ^ th disgust from the records of royal perfidy and barbarous party warfare , ^ ve wul brky notice the curious account ^ land left ov a French traveller , « - ?_ Bo ™^ xe cWwhosc narrative i * »^ ged in thc work under notice . He visited Irelandin the summer of 1 G 44 . It will be seen hy the Mlowin-r extract that the Frenchman was a firm believer in the old legend , that no venomous animals could live in the island .

      ST . PATRICK . was the apostle of this island , who , according to Se native * , blessed tbe land , and go-veinsjnaleuic £ to all venomous things ; andit cannot bedenied that the earth and the timber of Ireland , being Ssported . will contain neither ^ serpents worms snider * nor rats , * s one sees in the West of Wg S" nd in Scotland , * here all V ^ fj ^ g ^ have their trunks , and the boards of their floor ,

      The Bistort Of Ireland. B Y T. "Wright, ...

      made of Irish wood ; and in all Ireland there is not to be found a serpent nor a toad . The following is his account of the then f £ . - csritt » attS 3 ga beer , into which they pnt hmrflSS ^ S * bread baked in the BtfCftySfi barley and peas between two stones [ quSsT and make it into bread , which they cook Son t small Sw ^ Si * ! l ' * bldl m tne form of cakes buttemlt Th * - th Cyea - t With 8 reat draughts o buttermilk Their beer is verv good , and the canfclhetS ^ Tl ! bran ?» ^ "entVtl Engird ' an < i tUe mutton ' better than in i T e r \ ; ller next describes the miserable liovels inhabited by the peasantry ; the following is his account of the ... .

      CASTLES OP IHE IRISH sob-hit rs 1 G 44 . AHe castles , or houses , of the nobilitv , consist of W f ^ nl x em Iy nigh , thatched with straw ; out , to tell the truth , they are nothing but square towers without windows , or , at least / having such small apertures , as to give no more light than there is in a prison . They have little furniture , and cover tneir rooms with rushes , of which they make their beds in summer , and of straw in winter . They put the rushes a foot deep on their floors , and on their windows , and many of them ornament the ceilings with branches .

      The traveller nest tells of the fondness of the Irish for music , particularly tho harp . " They march to battle with the bagpipes ;" and he significantly adds , " They are better soldiers abroad than at home . " The trade of Ireland at that time consisted of salmon , herrings , and " strong frieze cloth . " Wine and salt were the principal importations ; Le Gouz describes the Irish as hospitable to strangers , observing that "it costs little to travel amongst them . " We presume that Mr . Weight ' s ablywritten work is now fully half completed . We shall look forward with much interest to the succeeding parts of this History of Ireland .

      Sossbise And Shadow; A Tale Of The Ninet...

      SOSSBISE AND SHADOW ; A TALE OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY , BT THOMAS MARTIN WHEEI / BR , Late Secretary to th » National Charter Association and National Land Company . CHAPTER XXX . Dost know what hunger is ? not appetite , The rich man ' s blessing , but the poor man ' s curse . Anon . He also is a prey to care , To him ' tis said , " starve thou or borrow !" Grey grows betimes his raven hair ,

      And to the grave pursues him sorrow ! With hard compulsion aud with need , He , like the rest , must strive untiring , And his yonng children ' s cry for bread , Maims his free spirit ' s glad aspiring 1 Ah 3 such a one to me was known I With heavenward aim his course ascended Yet deep in dust and darkness prone , Care , sordid care , his life attended : An exile , and with bleeding breast , Ho groancl in bis severest trial ; Want goaded him to long unrest , And scourged to bitterest self-denial .

      At length his spirit was subdued ! Tbe power to combat and endeavour Was gone , and bis heroic mood Came only fitfully , like fever ! The muses kiss sometimes at night Would set his pulses wildly beating ; And his soul soared towards the light , When night from morning was retreating ! Ferdinand Freiligrath . The spring of 184 G saw Arthur Morton and his wife an inmate of the same abode , but a lookofdulness seemed to hang about the cottage , —the turf no longer looked the pattern of neatness , —the geraniums were withering and dying away , —misfortune had laid its heavy hand on the inmates of this once

      happy home—formonths past Arthur had been out of employment , —his lato master had failed , the business was disposed of , and Arthur had been unable to procure another situation . Day by day had their little savings melted away ; week by week some prized ornament , or some article of clothing disappeared ; still they did not despond , —hope , that false nattering spirit , still cheered them on , and listening to her specious tales , they still lingered at tbe home endeared to them by so many touching associations ; a gleam of their former enjoyments—a scintillation of the past still remained with them , and under its influence they still continued their studies . Still did Arthur compose tales of love and romance , and still might Mary ' s voice be occasionally heard

      singing the songs of " Auld lang syne ; but when month followed month and no change of prospect appeared in view—when the struggle to maintain their respectability merged into the struggle for mere bread—then they left their pleasant cottage , which seemed like biddinsr adieu to hope , and took a room in a dull street in Chelsea ; here , lost to their friends , and sheltering themselves from every prying gaze , they managed to live for some weeks upon the sale of the remnant of their goods ; when this was exhausted , then came the hour of trial . Hitherto Arthur bad fought manfully against bis adversities ; failing to procure employment at his own trade , he had endeavoured to procure it in any of the multifarious branches with which commerce in London abounds , but fate seemed to delight in

      frustrating his hopes . Often bad their morning ' s scanty meal been cheered by the fair prospect of at least a certainty of its renewal , but the evening saw them again downcast and desolate , —the hope had passed away , —some fatality had befallen , and the weary search for labour had again to . be renewed . Mary supported these disasters with greater fortitude than falls to the lot of many inured to poverty in her early years , —thrifty in her domestic arrangements , she made their scanty stock of money seem almost inexhaustible , but sickness seized on the children , and the doctor ' s bill made sad inroads on their little stock ; when this was all spent she parred without a murmur with all the little keepsakes and ornaments that a husband ' s fondness had

      in happier days bestowed upon her . Arthur s own clothes were the last things that were sacrificed , — tbe appearance of respectability was kept up even while hunger was ravaging the inner man . It were a painful task to trace them in their downward flight into the deep recesses of the dismal haunts of poverty , —the change from abode to abode , each one more dreary and comfortless than the last , — the days , the weeks , tbat were almost passed without food , how passed , unknown almost to themselves , —the hours that were spent in . vainly endeavouring to sleep away the sharp pangs of hunger , — the craving for bread , a luxury denied them , oatmeal being their only food , then- stomachs often rebelling against ifs reception , and the nausea of

      sickness , added to the pains of exhaustion . Mary , by unremitting exertion at her needle from morning's dawn till the midnight hour , could not earn sufficient of even this coarse food to supply the wants of her husband and the children , who clung in their very helplessness to tbe hearts that cherished them , and repined not until the heavy hour when the little that sufficed to sustain them could no longer be supplied , then burst the hopeless sob from the mother's bosom , —then rebelled the Eroud spirit of the father , —his manner changed , — e became morose and taciturn , —temptation , like a thing of sin and death , came creeping round his heart , and Mary saw with sorrow that he was no longer the perfect being her young heart had

      worshipped . Occasionally she procured a day swashing , or some other domestic employment , from some of her neighbours almost as poor as himself , for the poor are always kind to each other ; this was indeed a godsend , and in the evening , her frugal meals , almost untasted during the day , were shared with her family . On these occasions Arthur had to remain at home to attend to tbe children , who were yet too young to comprehend in its full extent the misery in which they were involved ; never till gazing on these children , clad in the vestments of poverty , asking , but in vain , for the little enjoyments they had been used , —never , until then , did he regret that he had listened to the dictates of love , and made Mary his bride . Had he been alone

      in the world he could have battled with poverty , or if the struggle became too painful he could easily have withdrawn from the conflict , but his wife and children now bound him to life , he had their lives and welfare to protect , with the maddening knowledge that he was unable to perform it , —that he was a drag upon his wife ' s energies , a recipient of tho infinitessiaial snm that is doled out to the poor semptress , and to reflect upon it was to endanger the sanity of his intellect . Misery had set her mark upon him , —tbe terrible struggles of bis mind were visible in his features , —his former acquaintance would not hare recognised him , in the emaciated and haggard-eyed shadow that might

      occasionally be seen wandering through the streets of the metropolis , seeking bread but finding none ; exploring , with ardent gaze , the very pavement of the streets in the vain hope of finding something that would procure a meal ' s victuals . How bitterly the extreme of want is felt when surrounded hy opulence and plenty , —how hideously grand seemed the splendid domain of Belgvavia to the hungerpained artisan as ho passed its splendid mansions , wending his way into the heart of the metropolis . With what a spirit © f mockery tho bakers , provision , and cook shops , crowded on his eye , seeming to taunt bim with his inability to purchase food for his famishing family at home ; how he envied the con-

      Sossbise And Shadow; A Tale Of The Ninet...

      dition of all he met , —all seemed prosperous , —all intent on business or pleasure , —he alone was a wretched outcast , —the thought drove him to madness , and he would rush madly homewards , fearful of being tempted to some act of desperation . At length his misery reached its climax ; Mary sunk beneath her exertions , and was unable to leave her bed ; Arthur , their eldest born , —the child of its father ' s hopes , —sunk suddenly into the grave . Arthur , overcome by this fresh calamity , —stupified by sorrow , —knew not what to do ; he applied to doctor after doctor , none would attend him at his miserable abode , but referred him to the parish surgeon , and his child died in the interim . It was tho first time Arthur had recourse to parochial aid , but his spirit was too far broke , and the necessity was too urgent to admit of further delay , and under the doctor s care—a rough but benevolent man—Mary soon recovered , for it was want of food more than disease that had laid her on a bed of sickness .

      Of the thousands that annually fall beneath the dire disease of hunger , —yes , let it be rung in tho ears of all who will listen , that the victims to hunger are neither few nor far between , —though no record of their fate be given in the bills of mortality ; though no inquest be held upon their murdered remains , —murdered by tlio vile ordinances of society , —yet have they , nevertheless , died of hunger . Shame to the country that allows it , — shame to the men who permit themselves to fall its victims . Is it not a wonder that the fair daylight structure of society reposes so tranquilly , girt round , as it is , with this abyss of dark and unutterable suffering ; surrounded , as it is , with the elements of all that is rash and discordant—all that is

      , vile and loathsome . Can we wonder tbat from this ocean of misery and despair by which society is encircled , terrific waves should at times surge up , wrecking and stranding human souls , and laying bare the rocks and shoals of our false , though gilded civilisation ; not until thia occurs does society take cognisance of these wretched outcasts , and then only to cast them off from her bosom for ever . Fortunate is it for our conventional system , but unfortunate for outraged humanity , that extreme misery begets apathetic dullness , —that the body being unhealthy and debased , the soul of the victim becomes stupified , —the type of humanity is lost , and a dull state of animalism supplies its place , — were it not so the violent and reckless deeds which

      sometimes shock society would be repeated ad infinitum , until their reverberation electrified the social fabric into a state of convalescence . The economist may tell us that these extremes of misery need not occur ; that parochial relief may be had by all who apply for it ; true , —but coupled with such conditions—surrounded by such limitations , and environed by such indignities , that the sensitive and the high-minded sink into the sleep of death , or rush headlong into futurity , rather than encounter tho difficulties of procuring this provision , guaranteed by English law , but despoiled of its beneficial tendencies by tho irresponsible decision of an arbitrary power , new to the annals of British jurisprudence . There arc other reasons why men shrink from applying to the workhouse for relief . In the words of the poet Thorn , they know that if once they fall

      into the abyss of pauperism " they never hold up their heads in the world again ; " they are degraded amongst those who are almost as deeply stricken by poverty as themselves ; their names are erased from the books of men ; they beome bound hand and foot to their degraded situation ; and the few remaining links between them and their fellow-men are severed at a blow . Few , very few , are the cases on record , where men once accepting the enforced charity of their fellow-creatures , —once becoming inmates of a Poor-Law Bastile , —ever return for any lengthened period to honest labour ; they bare sunk in their own esteem , —they have fallen in the estimation of others , —the brand is upon them , and they can never again rise in the social scale . This should not be : but though writing fiction we deal with facts , —we speak from experience , and know that it is too true . ( To be continued . )

      Important Improvement Upon The Jacquard ...

      IMPORTANT IMPROVEMENT UPON THE JACQUARD MACHINE . ( From the Manchester Examiner . ) Our attention has recently been called to an article in the Moniteur Industrie ! , descriptive of a new machine , the invention of M . Acklin , of Paris , which , from what we have been able to ascertain , is calculated to become of considerable importance in Jacquard weaving . The machine , which was exhibited in the recent exposition at Paris , is designated ' 'The Monoclave Organ . " It is played with one single key , the mechanism of which is applicable to the substitution of paper , instead of the card usually employed in the Jacquard machine . It mav be used

      for engraving musical typography , and also for transferring , in a most interesting and surprising manner , music into design . * * * * It is more especially as effecting a revolution in the working of the Jacquard frames that tbe monoclave organ of M . Acklin should be considered . U p to the present time , in the manufacture of brocaded and figured tissues , perforated cards have been used , through which the needles pass , causing the threads to rise and fall according to the holes in the cards , thus reproducing upon the tissue in tbe loom the pattern which is per / orated on the card . This mode of fabrication is troublesome as well as costly ^ as it necessitates , even for the smallest pattern , the use of an enormous quantity of cards of high prices , and

      inconvenient on account of their bulk . By the present invention , the cards are entirely superseded , and the thinnest paper H used in their stead—so much so , that out of the 3 , 600 metres used in the manufacture of 1 , 000 cards , 3 , 595 metres are saved by M . Acklin ' s invention . It will at once be seen tbat this invention opens a source of economy of which the bearing is incalculable . One great advantage of the machine is the ease with which it can be adopted to the old Jacquard frames , without causing any delay or stoppage of tbe works . The old cylinders may be taken off } and those of the new apparatus substituted in a few hours , without altering the loom , and with such ease and exactness that , even although some work is in nrogress with the old

      machine , it may be taken up and completed by that ol M . Acklin , if the holes have been previously perforated on the paper . We may here state that the perforating can be done by band upon tbe apparatus without requiring the usual system of " reading ;" but for this purpose M . Acklin has invented another machine , by which reading and perforating is carried on . Tbe reading is conducted by this machine iu the usual manner , but as the paper can follow on the bne continuously , the perforation proceeds much more rapidly than with the cards . Thirty thousand perforations ( men enures ) may be made in the day , instead of 1 , 500 which were made by the old machine ( called rollers ) , or 3 or 4 , 000 made by those called acceleres . There arealso other advantages than those

      which we have mentioned . For instance , the holes of the old cards would not permit of the passage of more than seven needles ; whereas by this system a hole in the paper of one millimetre diameter , will allow nine needles , and one of double that size , sixteen needles to pass . This , it will be seen , is calculated to give a greater security in the manufacture , more exactness in the work , and more finish and beauty in the tissue . Besides , the machine is so easily worked , that the labour of the workman is considerably diminished . Its play is so easy and gentle , that a paper of 480 marchures , with which M . Acldin has constantly experimented for fifteen months , scarcely shows the point of contact Of the needles . The combination of the machine is altogether so clever , and its construction so solid and perfect , that it is almost impossible , even

      intentionally , fci derange it . By the invention of this machine , M . Acklin has effected the solution of a problem , before which many men of mechanical genius has failed . The impulse has been given . In addition to the French manufacturers , many from Prussia and Austria , who have visited the exhibitions , have eagerly investigated the Acklin machine , and we are assured tbat the ingenious inventor is daily receiving new orders . England is already in possession of the new invention . M . Kurtz , a most honorable and intelligent Manchester manufacturer , well known both in France and in England by bis industrial labours , having seen M . Acklin ' s machine in Paris , and being : convinced of its importance , was desirous of introducing to England an invention which was likely to open a new era in the manufacture of ornamental tissues .

      We have had an opportunity of seeing the machine , and conjointly with more practical men who have inspected it , were much pleased with its simplicity and evident Utility . We were assured by Mr . Webb and Mr . Wilson , the gentlemen who are superintending the erection of the machine at Ordsal House , that eighteen inches of paper are made by this invention to answer the purpose of 100 . card boards . An . important saving is thus effected , not so much , perhaps , to tho English as to the French manufacturers ( tor on the continent there is a considerable duty on the importation of cardboard ) , yet sufficient to lead in

      manufacturers to interest themselves in tbe new - vention . And when we consider that there are upwards of C 0 . 000 Jacquard looms at work in this town and neighbourhood , the importance of any invention which is calculated to eifecta saving , however small , in the process of manufacture , is greatly inhauced . It is proposed that this apparatus should receive the name of the " Acklin machine , after its ingenious inventor . We understand that in the course of a few days the machine at Ordsal House will be fairly at work , and tbat then the attention of the manufacturers of the neighbourhood will be invited to it .

      Ecclesiastical Appointments.-—We (Tbe Ch...

      Ecclesiastical Appointments .- —We ( tbe Chronicle ) understand that Dr . Tait , head-master of Rugby School , is to be appointed to the Deanery of Carlisle . We hear , also , that Lord Auckland , the present Bishop of Soder and Man , is to be translated to the vacant gee of Llandaff .

      Vmnm

      vmnm

      The Present Asd Tm Future.--! Confess ! ...

      The Present asd tm Future .-- ! confess ! am not charmed with the ideal of life held outlby those who think that the normal stateof human beings is that of struggling to get on ; that the trampling , crushing , elbowing and treading ion each other ' s heels , which form the existing typo of social life , are tho most desirable of human kind , or any thing but the disagreeable symptoms of one of the phases of industrial progress . * . * * Hitherto it is questionable if all the mechanical inventions yet made have lig htened the day ' s toil of any human being . They have enabled a greater population to live the same life of drudgery and imprisonment , and an increased number of manufacturers and ' others to make large fortunes . They have increased the comforts of the middle classes , but they have not yet begun to effect those great changes in human destiny which it is in their

      nature , and in their future , to accomplish * when the conquests made from the powers of natnretb y the intellect and energy of scientific discoveries become the common property of the species , and the means of improving the universal lot .-JohnMIL A ItEPUtED old witch died recently at Fife , after having enjoyed the perquisite of a fish from every fisherman who desired good fortune ; and on search-, mg her dwelling , 2 , 000 sixpences , 1 , 020 shillings , nine soverei gns , £ 7 in bank notes , and £ 40 in addition were concealed in bags . " A Precocious youngster being asked how many genders there are , replied , " Three , sir—the macuime , the feminine , and the neutral . " " Well , done , my son , now define them . " The masculine is men , the feminine is woman , and the neutral is the old bachelors . "

      The Origin op Bills op Exchange—It ; is to tho Jews tliafc wo owe the invention of tho bills of exchange . Often obliged to leave a country at the shortest notice , condemned by the most ferocious , intolerance to a wandering life , they had invented that easy mode of carrying about their nches—as on their expulsion from Portugal . The invention of the bill of exchange has been fixed by some historians at that period , tbat is , about the beginning of the sixteenth century ;

      but there existed in Venice , in 1272 , a social law upon that sort of contract . From the laborious researches of Messrs . Blanqui and Nougouier , it would appear that tho exact date of this Jewish invention must re-ascend as far as their expulsion from France by Philippe Augustus , in 1181 . Montesquieu says himself— " They had from time immemorial in their jurisprudence , models of letters of purchase , letters of donation , letters of exchange ; these were not unlike our bills of exchange , —Louis Blanc .

      The Crown of St . Stephen and royal insignia of Hungary , have been convened , it is " said , from Widdin to England . Rise of the Independents . —And now a new . and alarming class of symptoms began to appear in the distempered body politic . There had been , from the first , in the parliamentary party , some men whose minds were set on objects from which the majority of that party would have shrunk with horror . These men were in reli gion independents .

      They had conceived that every Christian congregation had , under Christ , supreme jurisdiction in things spiritual ; that appeals to provincial and national synods were scarcely less than appeals to the Court of Arches , or to the Vatican : and tbat Popery , Prelacy , and Presbyterianism were merely three forms of one great apostacy . In politics , the Independents were , to use the phrase of their time , root-and-branch men , or , to use the kindred phrase of our own time , Radicals . Not content with limiting the power of the monarch , they were

      desirous to erect a commonwealth on the riuns of the old English polity . At first they had been inconsiderable both in numbers and in weight ; but before tbe war had lasted two years they became , not indeed the largest , but the most powerful faction in the country . Some of the old parliamentary leaders had been removed by death , and others had forfeited the public confidence . . Pym had been borne , with princely honours , to a grave amongst the Hantagcnets . Hampden had fallen as became him , while vainly endeavouring , by his heroic example , to inspire bis followers with courage to face the fiery cavalry of Rupert . Bedford

      had been untrue to the cause . Korthumberland was known to be lukewarm . Essex and his lieutenants had shown little vigour and ability in the conduct of military operations . At sucb a conjuncture it was that the independent party , ardent , resolute , and uncompromising , began to raise its bead , both in tbe camp and in tbe House of Commons . —Macaulay's History of England . Is Front of a house in Briggate , Glasgow , may may be seen tbe following erudite inscription on a sign-board : —• ' Thomas Black , Chimney-Swccpcv , does Live hear , sweeps yore ventes and Not to Dero . If yore Houses Talcs on fire , he'll put it out At yore desyre . soot Merchant in This Close . "

      The Drones asd the Bees . " How various and innumerable Are those who live upon the rabble . 'Tis they maintain the Church and State , Employ the priest and magistrate , Bear all the charge of government , And pay the public fines and rent ; Defray all taxes and excises , And imposition of all prices , Bear all the expense of peace and war , And pay the pulpit and the bar ; . Maintain all churches and reli g ions , And give their pastors exhibitions . " JIudilras . Great Houses do not always contain great folks ; fine coats do not always cover fine gentlemen . A blackguard is a blackguard still , whether he lives in a splendid mansion or in a miserable hovel .

      Her Majesty ' slate visit to Glasgow cost the loyal citizens upwards of £ 1 , 800 . The Revenue of tho railways of the United Kingdom amounts to no less than £ 12 , 009 , 000 annually . One hundred and twelve young females from various workhouses embarked from Belfast last week en route as emigrants to Sydney . The Liverpool Times states that for some time the average wages of the Liverpool shipwrights have not exceeded os . per week . Lady Blessisoton and the Basket-maker . —On more occasions than one Lady Blessington showed herself the friend of obscure but deserving genius . Of this her notice of Thomas Miller , the basketmaker , author of "Itoyston Cower , " affords a

      remarkable instance . As soon as he became known by his writings , Lady Blessington sent for him , recommended his book , and did him substantial service . " Often , " Miller himself says , " have I been sitting in Lady Blossington ' s splendid drawing-room in the morning , talking and laughing as familiar as in the old house at home ; and in the same evening I might have been seen standing on Westminsterbridge , between an apple-vendor and a baked potato merchant , vending my baskets . "—Tail ' s Magazine . A Practical Mas . —• Tbe Arbroath Guide mentions a remark made by a sage provost in the west of Scotland , which may supply by a hint to many of our dilly-dally corporate bodies . A tenant on tho btir ^ h properly complained that his premises were

      over run with rats , and requested that the building should be inspected . " Inspected ! " said the provost , " stuff ! let twacats be ovdored on tbe premises : I warrant them they'll soon clear it . " The majj , and the sham prince , peer , or priest , are two distinct things . Man is as nature produced him ; the crown ana sceptre , the robe , tbe court , the mitre , is the prince , the peer , or priest . Coiiasset Girls . —Tho PhiladelphiaTimesssystbnt thogirls at Cohassct , makes nothing of going into tho water and bringing out a shark ov nmckcral by the nose , and opens quadogs with a pinch of their fingers . They live chiefly on sea fare , so that when kissed they taste salty , and when they die ave preserved half a century . Their hair in old age turns into dry

      sea weed . If they have worn caps in their old age , the cap is stiff and glittering with chrystalisation of salt ; and if you fall in love with them in their youth , you find yourself in a pickle . Unequal Taxation . —Taxes paid by a workingman who expends 7 s . 7 } d . in the following manner ; 2 oz . of tea , 2 oz . of coffee , 8 oz . of sugar , 31 bs . 8 oz . of meat , 7 fts . of flour , 7 pts . of ale , ipt . of brandy , loz . tobacco . The cost of the preceding , if treed from tithe , corn , custom , and excise , would not exceed 2 s . 5 d . !—ergo , a tax of 5 s . 3 id . weekly on tho poor consumers ! Taxes on land—In England , £ 1 , 531 , 910 ! Prussia , £ 3 , 999 , 500 ; Austria , £ 8 , 700 , 000 ; France , £ 23 , 186 , 700 . Taxes on the people—England , £ 23 , 180 , 700 ; Prussia , £ 3 , 701 . 500 ;

      Austria , £ 7 , 700 , 000 ; France , £ 17 , 423 , 240 . Man caretu for his cattle , his horses , and his hounds ; but bis fellow man is frequently destitute of a place where to lay his head , or a crust to satisfy the cravings of hunger . Kind Words do not Cost Much . —They never blister the tongue and lips ; and we have never beard of any mental trouble arisingfrom this quarter . Though they do not cost much , yet they accomplish much . First , they help one ' s own good nature and good will . Soft words soften our own soul . Angry words are fuel to the flame of wrath , and make it blaze more fiercelv . Second , kind words make other people good-natured . Cold words freeze people , but hot words scorch them , and sarcastic words

      irritate them , and bitter words make them bitter , and wrathful words make thorn wrathful . An Opiate . —A sick man who had not slept for many nights , was asked if he did not wish to have a clergyman attend him , and whether he wished any particular one . He replied , "Yes , send Mr . D . He came . The sick man requested a sermon . Mr . D— . started with surprise , and desired to know the reason why . The sick invalid answered , " I never heard you preach but three or four times , and then invariably I foil asleep ; so I thought that a short discourse might enable mo to take a nap—which I much need not having slept for several nights . " Br . Johnson Pourtrayed . — Johnson is better known to us than any other man in history . Every

      The Present Asd Tm Future.--! Confess ! ...

      thing about Mm—bis coat , his wig , bis figure , bis face , his scrofula ,. his St . Vitus' dunce ; his rolling walk , his blinking eye—tbe outward signs which too clearly marked his approbation of his dinnerhis unsatiable appetite for fish sauce and veal pie , with plums—his inextinguishable thirst for tea —• his trick of touching the posts as he walked—his mysterious practice of treasuring up orange peelhis morning slumbers—his midnight disputationshis mutterings — his gruntings—his puffings—his vigorous , acute and sarcastic eloquence — his vehemence—his insolence—his fits of tempestuous rage , are all familiar to us . —Macaulay .

      The Populah Rimedy. Pake's Life Pills

      THE POPULAH RIMEDY . PAKE ' S LIFE PILLS

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      If Mankind are liable to one disease more than another , or if there are any particular affections of the human bodj wo require to have a knowledge of over the rest , it is co * . tainl y that class of disorders treated of in tho new and iiru proved edition of the "Silent Friend . " The authors , " ia thus sending forth to the world another edition of theii medical work , cannot refrain from expressing their gratification at the continual success attending their efforts , which , combined with the assistance of medicines , exclusively of their own preparation , have been the happy cause of mitigating aud averting the mental and physical miseries attendant on those peculiar disorders ; thus proving the fact ,

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      Part the 'third Contains an accurate description of the diseaues caused by infection , and by the abuse of mercury ; primary and se . condary symptoms , eruptions of the skin , sore throat , in * nammatipn of the eyes , disease of the bones , gonwrhjea , gleet , strieture , A * c „ are shown to depend on this cause , Their treatment is fully described in this section . The effects of neglect , either in the recogiution of disease or in the treatment , are shown to be the prevalence of the virus in the system , which sooner or later will show itself iu one of the forms already mentioned , and entail disease in its most frightful shape , not only on the individual himself , but also on the offspring . Advice for the treatment of all these diseases and their consequences is tendered in this sections which , if duly followed up , cannot fail in effecting a cure . Tills part is illustrated by seventeen coloured engraving * . Part the Fourth

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      TRY ERE YOU DESPAIR . HOLLO WAY'S PILLS . CURE OF ASTHMA . Extract of a Letter from Mr . Benjamin Mackie , a respecb . able Quaker , dated Creenagh , near Loughall , Ireland , dated September 11 th , 1848 . Respsctud Friexd , —Thy excellent Pills have effectually cured me of an asthma , which afflicted me for three years to such an extent that I lras obliged to walk my room at night for air , afraid of being suffocated if 1 went to bed by cough and phlegm . Besides taking the Pills , I rubbed plenty of thy Ointment ! nto my chest night and morning . - * ( Signed ) Dkmahj . y Mackie . —To Professor Houoway . CURE OF TYPHUS FEVER 1 VDEN SUPPOSED TO BE

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      AN EFFECTUAL CURE FOB , TILES , FISTULAS , & c ABERNETHY'S PILE OINTMENT . What a painful and noxious disease is the Piles ! and , comparatively , how few of the afflicted have been permanently cured by ordinary appeals to medical skill ! This , no doubt , arises from the use of powerful aperients too frequently administered by the profession ; indeed , strong internal medicines should always be avoided in all cases of this complaint . The proprietor of the above Ointment , after years of acute suffering , placed himself wider the treatment of that eminent surgeon , Mr . Abernethy ; was by him restored to perfect health , and has enjoyed it ever since , without the slightest return of the disorder , over a period of fifteen years , during which time the same Aherncthian prescription has been the means of healing a vast number of desperate cases , both in and out of the proprietor's ehvlo of friends , most of which cases had been under medical care , and some of them for a very considerable tune . Abcr nethy ' s Pile Ointment was introduced to the public by the desire of many who had been perfectly healed by its appliestion , and since its introduction the fame of tlus Ointment has spread far and wide ; even the medical jirotessum , always slow and unwillinc to acknowledge the virtues of any medicine not prepared by themselves , do now Irecly and traiiliiy ei

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      CORES AND BUNIONS . PAUL'S EVERY MAN'S FRIEND , Patronised by the Royal Family , Nobility , Clergy , etc . Is a sure and speedy Cure for those severe annoyances , without causing the least pain or inconvenience . Unlike all other remedies for Coms . ' its operation is such as to render the cutting of Corns altogether unnecessary : indeed , we may say , the practice of cutting Corns is at all times highly dangerous , and has been frequently attended with lamentable consequences , besides its liability to increase their growth ; it adheres with the most gentle pressure , produces uu instant and delightful relief from torture , and with perseverance in its application , entirely eradicates the most inveterate Corns and Bunions . Testimonials have been received from upwards of one hundred Physicians and Surgeons of the greatest eminence , as well as from many Officers of both Army and Navy , and nearly one thOUSlllld private letters from the gentry in town and

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Oct. 27, 1849, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_27101849/page/3/