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Northern Star (1837-1852), 27th October 1849, Edition 2 of 3, Page 2, >t o m a t> October 27,1849. 2 THE NORTH...

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      >T O M A T> October 27,1849. 2 The North...

      > t o m a t > October 27 , 1849 . 2 THE NORTHERN STAJL — .-=--.

      #Oteis N Fctttelugence

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      Erance. Mock Trul Of The Proscribed Repu...

      ERANCE . MOCK TRUL OF THE PROSCRIBED REPUBLICANS . HIGH COURT OF JUSTICE OF VERSAILLES . ( Continuation of the sitting of Ifitb October . ) M . Yidal , editor of ihe'Travil Affranchi , ' who formed part of the Committee of the Pressf > in reply tt questions from tbe President , be said that that committee was not at first regularly coustitttted . Its object was to act on the people , and prevent emures aud assemblages . There existed also a sort ofjaryof honour charged to remove difficulties of interest and a « oKri » ropre , which might arise between the journalists . Ats later period an elector ^ committee was formed , which seat communications to the journals forming part of the

      committee . His journal did not receive any cBmmunications , became it was not a daHy one . M . de Girardin energetically opposed any manifestation , saying , besides , that there -was no feeling of insurrection among the people . He proposed a protestation for the journals , which , in his opinion , would he an indication to the government that it should return into that path of legality which it ought never to have quitted . He ( the witness ) did not remember that any proposition was made far an appeal to the people , except that one individual jnentioned thatYne 5 th legion had proposed to invite tbe National Guards to assemble to make a pacific manifestation . Some one also spoke of an intention expressed by some representatives to retire into the 5 th , 6 th ; and 7 th arrondissements .

      Andre , one of the prisoners , said that the real authors of the manifestation of the 13 th June were the National Guards of the 5 th arrondissement . Their resolution had been announced in the jonrnals before the Mountain had brought its accusation against the ministers , and before the majority had rejected the interpellations of Ledra Rollin . All that tbe Comarittee of the Friends a € the Constitution did at that time was to address the National Assemble , praying that the Executive government Slight return into a constitutional path . The Procureur-General : We have nothing to contradict in the statement of the prisoner Andre , fr it was precisely for having been one of the orgahsers of the manifestation by the 5 th legion that Me prisoner Scbmitz was accused , as well as aillard , who had just surrendered himself .

      Andre said that the Committee of twenty-five inew nothing of the manifestation prepared by the 5 th legion , and be was convinced that Maillard was also a stranger to it . He regarded , he said , the manifestation as dangerous , although be believed it to be legal and constitution . He was averse to bringing the people into the streets , and he had expressed tbat opinion to one of the 5 th legion , and recommended him to countermand the manifestation through the journals . pava said that he was represented as one of the most active members of the Committee of tbe Press , bnt the accusation could not be proved . He asked tbe witness Vidal , if he had ever seen him at the meetings of the press ? Vidal answered in the negative , and added that he believed the accused never attended tbe

      meetings . The Procnrenr-General said he would prove tbat Paya had acted as the intermediary between the Parisian and departmental press . Paya affirmed the contrary . Maillard said that he had taken the riding-school of Pellier n ? t to organise a demonstration , but for a meeting relative to tbe election of a colonel of the 5 th legion . Jf . Toossenel , aged forfy-six , a literary man , was the next witness . He said he knew several of tbe accused . He protested against tbe quality of witness being ascribed to him , as it made him appear the accuser of his friends . The president told him . that he was required to state what he knew .

      The witness then protested against assertions in the indictment , that he had signalised the accused Morel and Servient as having been present at meetings which preceded the demonstration , tbat be ( witness ) was at tbe Conservatoire , & c . The Procnrenr-General explained that the errors spoken of by witness had been made in the newspaper , and were not in tbe indictment . Tbe witness then proceeded to state that be had belonged to the Committee of the Democratic and Socialist Press . It was however , not strictly a committee , bnt a meeting of journalists . It had been formed in tbe month of April , and tbe object of it then was to draw up an electoral manifesto and programme , and as it was necessary to be able to have an understanding of the party in important matters , the committee was maintained .

      M . Baceste , editor of tbe 'BehnWique , ' was next examined . Before commencing his depositions he complained of the treatment to which he had been subjected , by having been arrested without any sufficient grounds . In reply to questions from tbe President , he said that he was a member of the Committee of the press but that he had notattended at the two or three last sittings . He had not attended at tbe meeting which was held at the office of the 'People' on the 11 th . He had received an account of what took place there , but too late for insertion in the journal of the following day , bnt it had appeared on tbe 13 tb . He declared that tbe object of

      the meeting of tbe journalists was frequently to further tbe cause of order . The journals had frequently recommended the people to be calm . The witness then described at some length the visit paid to the offices of his journal on the 13 th of June by a body of National Guards , after the demonstration had been dispersed . He detailed the damage done by the breaking open of his desks , and stated that he intended to bring an action against the devastators for GO . uOOf ., the amount at which he estimated tbe injury he had sustained ^ In answer to questions from tbe accused , the witness said he bad never seen Andre , Paya , or Baune , at the meetings of tbe

      press . M . Cbatard , one of tbe editors of the * Republique , ' deposed that he was at the meeting of the 11 th at the offices of tbe 'Democratic Pacifique , ' aud that M . Considerant first presided over it , afterwards M . de Girardin . No formal resolution was Come to , bnt it was decided to call tbe government to a sense of its duty , as they ell thought that the constitution bad been violated . M , de Girardin Iteammended resistance , but desired it to be parliamentary . Tbe meeting of the 12 th was only attended by seven or eight persons . Witness had not seen Baune , Andre , or Paya at any of the meetings of the press .

      M . Brunier , an editor of the 'Democratic Pacifique , ' said he bad issued tbe summonses for the meetings at the offices of tbat journal . The object for which the committee of the press was instituted was to prevent demonstrations calculated to disturb order . M . Emile de Girardin , editor of tbe' Press , ' Rue de Chaillot , 104 , was then examined . Having been asked his age , he said tbat to the best of his belief it was from forty-three to forty-six years . The President i Are you the relative of any of tha accused ! M . de Girardin : I think not . Do you Know them ? Yes , but not particularly . The President : On the 11 th of June yon were convoked as a member of the Committee of the Press ?

      M . de Girardin : Monsienr le President , before answering I most make known to the court , the jury , and the defence a fact which is in contradiction with the very noble words which yon , M . le President , pronounced at the commencement of this trial , when you said that the ' authority of justice was not measured only by the degree of energy which it displayed in its actions , but further and especially hy tbe uprightness of its means to assure the triumph of truth ! ' When I was called into the cabinet of the examining magistrate , I found a member of tbe Parquet , who appeared to direct the investigation , and who pnt questions with a degree of cleverness , not , I must confess , in relation to the uprig htness of tke means ofvhicb you hare spoken . This fact has appeared to me grave—so grave tbat I

      cannot remain silent . I am not very familiar with the usages of criminal justice , but I have ascerta ned who « a « the person who assisted the examining magistrate with so much zeal . I teamed that he is a member of the Parquet . As I am very shortsighted . I cannot see whether he be now present , hat I can name him—bis name is M . d'Vallee . The pertinacity with which he pnt questions to me made ms profoundly indignant . I have given sufficient guarantees to order not to be treated as a ' suspect , ' and , if resistance be wrong when it goes to the length of insurrection , justice is not Jess wrong when it goes to the length of inquisition . TbePiOCareur General : "We do not understand the incident raised by M . Emile de Girardin . We think tbat his reproach is totally unfounded . M . de Girardin : ft is not a reproach , but a verv energetic protest . The sshstitate in question did

      Erance. Mock Trul Of The Proscribed Repu...

      not confine himself to assisting the examining magistrate ; tbe la . rter seemed under his surveillance . If I did not bp . fore protest" against this , it was because I did not know that it was contrary to usage for a member of the Parquet to be present at an examination . I renew , my protest . The Pvocureur-General : It was not contrary to usage , und ms quite regular . M . Emile de Girardin : I demand to ask , if it be in conformity with the usage in criminal cases , to say before a witness , 'What , you want to have serious men , and you call among you such a man as Girardin ?' The Procurenr-General : That was not said . M . de Girardin : I can bring forward the witness who heard it . 1 protest , with all the force of my indignation , again & t such a scandal .

      The Procureur-General : I cannot allow such language to be held . The President : The witness shall be called . What was the object of the Committee of the Press ? M . de Girardin ' : On the 10 ; h of June I received a convocation . The situation , was grave . I have read history , and remembered that on the 27 th of July , 1830 , M . Thiers and M . Chambolle took the initiative . I read their appeal to resistance , and I asked myself , if , because I had bravely and frankly co-operated in tbe election of the 10 th of December . I was to refrain from protesting ? In my opinion it was evident that the constitution had been violated . I thought it right to go to the meeting . A

      confused debate took place , and 1 spoke . 1 insisted on the necessity of first employing the constitutional means we had at our disposal—the press and universal suffrage . I recommended that sucb precious arms should not be compromised ; tbat if the meeting would not wait for 1852 , tbe opposition should declare itself en permanence , and that it should consider itself as tbe onl y true expression of the national representation . My opinion was unanimously adopted . I went to the meeting of the Rue Coq-Heron , but late , and did not remain long . I there saw M . Bareste , M . Cajlas , and M . LangloiSi I do not know M . Yauthier . Nothing was said about coming to an understanding with the Montagne , but with tbe opnosition .

      M . Dara , advocate of one of tbe prisoners , asked M . de Girardin , if he was not convinced that the plan he had proposed was strictly constitutional ?' The Procnreur-General : I will not allow any such questions to be put . The witness is not here to give his opinion on constitutional law . The prisoners and their advocates loudly protested against this ; all rose in great agitation , and insisted that M . de Girardin should speak . Girardin himself was greatly agitated , and made more than one attempt to speak , but his voice was drowned in tbe tumult . At length he exclaimed , What ! am I to be interdicted from replying to a question of the defence ? Why , the right of the witness is as clear as that of the defence . '

      The Procureur-General : Yon may give evidence on facts , but not on opinions ; and , if you continue , I shall be obliged to take measures against jou 1 M . de Girardin : If i were a timid person , I should be intimidated , bnt 1 am not . Here renewed tumult arose among tbe prisoners and their advocates , and when it had partially subsided , M . de Girardin insisted tbat be had a right to speak , in order to prove to the jury tbat the plot of which the prisoners were accused was a pure in . vention . The Procuteut-General , however , again refused to allow him to speak .

      The accused and their advocates rose in great agitation , - and loudly protested . The tumult at length attained such a height , that the President pat on his cap , to indicate that the sitting was suspended . After a while , silence was partially restored , and M . de Girardin , after again insisting that be ought to be allowed to explain himself , for the sake of tbe accused , cried , ' If I am prevented , it will be a disgrace to the High Court and to the Majesty of justice !' M . Dam asked M . de Girardin if he considered tbe plan recommended by him legal and constitutional ?

      M . de Girardin ( with great excitemem)—¦* I am sure of it 1 It is my confident belief . ' ( Renewed agitation . ) He then went to explain tbat his idea at the meeting was to prevent an insurrection ; and he insisted on the fact of his having been present at the meeting as a proof that tiere could have been no plot . If there had , he would not have been invited . The Procureur-General : Tbe matter is now at an end . The Accused : No ! no ! ( Agitation . ) M . de Girardin then said that he persisted in stating that M . de Valtee , of the Parquet , had questioned him mtb perffdioasness . The Procureur-General said , he would not tolerate such language . It was grossly improper . ( Murmurs . )

      M- de Girardin : You want to make me an accused instead of a witness ! I never signed , as you have , impeachments of ministers and appeals to the people . ( Agitation . ) You have threatened to prosecute me—do it ! ( Long and violent agitation . ) The accused Paya said tbat when he also was under examination , M . de Yallee was present , and whispered in the ear of the examining magistrate . Other accused cried— ' The same thing occurred to me ! to me also !' The officers of the court loudly demanded silence ; This caused new agitation , in the midst of which M . de Girardin withdrew . Some little time , however , elapsed before the commotion subsided .

      The next witness was M . Versigny , representative of the people . He stated that he bad been present at a meeting at the 'Democratic Pacifique ' on the 12 th ; tbat L ° dru- Rollin , Felix Pyat , and Considerant had drawn up a proclamation of which he bad approved , as it was of a pacific character .

      Sitting c ? Octoher 17 . — -The court reassembled at half-past ten o ' clock . The president announced tbat witnesses wonld now be called to depose respecting the demonstration of tbe 13 . h June , Revel , a wine-shopkeeper , Rue de Bondy , 14 , deposed tbat , on the morning of 13 th June , several individuals , who were drinking in the house , said— : * This evening the president and ministers will be prisoners at Vincenn . es ! To-morrow , we shall do for Changarnier and Cavaignac ! Let the aristos lookout ] ' ( Laugfeter . ) I heard National Guards and workmen cry ' Vive la Republiq ae Democratique et Sociale ! ' None of tbe accused were among tbe persons who talked in his shop .

      M . Thouret , an advocate , said tbe witness had refused to sign his deposition , lest it should injure him in his business . ViUenurat , a soldier of tbe 5 lh Lancets , said be accompanied M . Lacrosse , minister of public works , up tbe Boulevards on the 13 tb , and heard the people in the procession cry , Vive la Republique !' ' Vive la constitution ! ' 'Vive la Republique Romaine ! ' * Down with the traitors V He then described how M . Lacrosse was surrounded and menaced by the crowd , and how be escaped by galloping to the mairie in the Rue deVendome ,

      M . Chabrier , cheif d escadron of the staff of the National Guard , saw the minister of public works surrounded and threatened , and cries of' Down with tbe President ! ' « Down with the government !' 'Vive la Republique Romaine ! ' The groups forming the demonstration appeared to him to be organised , so far as organisation in such a case was possible . He did not recognise Etienne Arago , or any officers among those who cried . M . de Renneville , sous cheif at the Minister of the Interior and captain in tbe staff of the National

      Guard , deposed that on tbe 13 th June he was sent by M . Dufaure , to reconnoitre the state of Paris as far as the Place de la Bastille , and the appearance of the manifestation which was about to take place . They called an him to cry ' Vive la Republique Romaine ! ' hst he would not consent , and at length , by making h « horse rear be succeeded in extricating himself . He beard cries of Vive la Constitution , ' ' Vive la Republique Romaine ., 'A has les trahref ., ' ' A has les Cosaques . ' He was himself called a Cossack .

      In reply to a question from tbe prisoner Guinard , the witness said that he did not recognise aroomr the prisoners any one whom he had seen at the meeting . M . Bernard , an employe , the next witness called , said that he had on the previous evening seen a person , dressed as a cook , who announced that a manifestation W 88 f 0 take place tbe next day ; but , although there were a number of police agents present he was not arrested . He was present , he said , at the time of tbe manifestation , and saw a number ot groups formed . When the cortege commenced its march he had seen Jf . Etienne Arago and some officers of the artillery of the National Guard , whom he did not know . Pearing tbat there would be a disturbance , he took tbe Rue Bourbon ViHeneuve , and proceeded towards the Hue de la Paix , where

      Erance. Mock Trul Of The Proscribed Repu...

      he met the dragoons . He became alarmed , and returned towards the Rue Montaattre , where he saw some men attempting to break into a gunsmith's sho p He had , he said , heard cries of Vive la Constitution , and 'Vive Proudhon , ' but not of' A lalauterne . ' He saw one red flag carried by the manifestation , on which was inscribed 'Les ouvriers combattans de Tfevrier , ' but had not seen the socialist emblem of tbe triangle . He met some individuals with the muskets in the Rue Fosses Montmartre , and heard cries of' Aux armes > ' and , after hearing the discharge of musketry at the Conservatoire des Arts et Metiers , saw Col . Forestier and several artillerymen with their carbines . [ t was about half-past three or four o ' clock when he saw Col . Forcstier .

      la rep ly to a question from the prisoner Delahaye , the witness said that he did not recognise among the prisoners any of the artillerymen whom he had seen , but that might be accounted for by his having only seen their backs . ' M . Guillaume , a glove-manufacturer , residing in the Rue de Bondy , deposed in similar terms to preceding witnesses as to tbe assemblage at the Chateau d'Eau . and the march of the manifestation . He said be saw M . Etienne Arago at the hejd of it in bis uniform , as che { -de-batavilon . He bad bis sabre in the scabbard . At either side of him was a lieutenant-colonel of tbe National Guard and a captian of the artillery . There were a great number of National Guards and their officers present ; the p rivates were without arms . M . Bac , one of the counsel for the prisoners ,

      begged the president to ask the witness whether he had not felt some surprise in seeing the police tacitly allow tbe assemblages to take place . The President said be could not put such a question , as it was not one of fact . . The prisoner Guinard asked whether tbe witness had seen any artillerymen with their arms in tbe midst of the manifestition when it was in march . The witness replied that he had not , but that he bad sean them near the mairie . The prisoner Guinard said that the 5 th battery had assembled at the mairie by his order , as it was their usual place of mustering ; there was therefore nothing exttaordinary in the witness having seen them there .

      M . Serre , a sergeant of the 18 th light infantry , who commanded the post of tbe Boulevard Bonne Nouvelle , deposed that he bad with bim twelve men and a corporal . On seeing tbe manifestation approach , he had clcsed the gates of the post . Soon after , a group of individuals approached the post , crying' Vive ] a Republique J * ' Vive Ja constitution !' 'A has les Cosaques ! ' and summoning him and bis men to give up their arms . He replied that the arms were better in tbe hands of his men than they would be in the hands of those who demanded them ; they then attempted to scale the gates , and to malic them unfix their bayonets . He bad not however yielded , and the firmness displayed hy the post intimidated their aggressors . The President : Your conduct was very noble , and you deserve the highest praise .

      M . Primorin , a commissary of police , deposed that he went , by order of General Changarnier , at the head of the armed force to the top of the Rue de la Pais , and summoned the crowd to disperse in tbe usual way . The witness then proceeded to describe the advance of the troops and the clearing the Boulevards . He stated that a barricade had been commenced opposite the Rue du Helder , but that it was a very feble one , and only composed of chairs . The people who composed the manifestation appeared very excited , and were crying' Vive la Constitution !' The head of tbe manifestation bad passed tbe Rue de la Paix when the troops charged on them . The hddy was thus cut in two .

      M . Dain , one of the counsel , said that the barricade talked of was nothing more than a lew chairs which happened to be standing on the Boulevard thrown together . Captain Landry de Saint Aubin , commanding the 6 th battalion of chasseurs , said he was charged to clear the boulevard to the Madeleine , after which he proceeded to cause to be evacuated tbe terrace of ( fie Passaga Jouffroy , where some individuals , who appeared very hostile , were crying ' Vive la constitution ! ' 'Vive la republique democratique et sociale ! ' ' To arms ! ' His men were insulted and called butchers , and General Changarnier was insulted by a national guard .

      Colonel Guyon , of the 2 nd dragoons , deposed that he had taken part with his regisient in clearing the boulevards . The summorses required by law were duly made before the military acted . He heard several pistol shots fired on the right and the left . The people cried to the soldiers that they were executioners—tbat they were engaged in a fratricidal war—and that t ' aey were assassinating the people . Witness did not see a red flag . M . Tisserand , chef dVscadron in the gendarmerie mobile ,, assisted in clearing ( he boulevards , and

      heard several pistol shots from tbe Rue Basse du Rempart . Attempts to form barricades of chairs and vehicles were made on the Boulevard Montmartre . At the Rue de Bonne Nouvelle , on the Boulevard o ' that name , his men were fired on , and they responded . On arriving iu the Rue Vivienne , be saw a young man in a group of seven or eight persons , who cried insolently ' Vive la Montagne ! Vivent les . Romains !' —Witness accordingly struck him several various blows with the flat of his sword , and he fell . ( Movement on the bench of the accused . ) The young man was afterwards arrested .

      M . Petit , lieutenant of the gendarmerie mobile deposed tbat he commanded a detachment in the column of General Changarnier . He took part in cutting through the demonstration near the Rue de la Paix : It was after a roil from tbe drum and the legal summons , that the demonstration was attacked . The crowd , among whom were National Guards and representatives in their scarfs , at first dispersed , but afterwards part of them formed into ranks in good

      order , and advanced towards tbe troops . Forty or fifty furious men threw themselves on their knees , uncovered their breasts , and cried ' Will you fire on your brethren ? Will you shed the blood of your brothers ? ' Without taking any notice of this tomfoolery , they charged with the bayonet . ( Marks of indignation from the accused . ) The people called ihem assassins ; but they were not assassins , and were rather disposed to kick tbe rioters than use their bayonets . ( Movement . )

      The accused Guinard here observed , that it was in consequence of the attack on the demonstration that the representatives who were in it went to the Palais National to claim his protection , and tbat was the explanation of his conduct on the 13 th June , 'We are not , ' be continued , with animation , 'the getters up of civil war , as it is attempted to be shown , but tbe true defenders of the republic and the constitution , for which we are ready to shed the last drop of our blood ! ( The accused indicated by their gestures that they approved of what M . Guinard said . ) It was at the moment at which , in tbe free

      exercise of our rights as citizens , we endeavoured to secure the respect of the constitution , that shameful acts of violence were displayed towards peaceful and unarmed citizens ; and in this respect you will have observed the words , unworthy of a French officer , which have fallen from the witness . I know , for my part , a youn ? roan , worthy of all consideration , to whom the humiliating treatment indicated by the witness was not displayed , for he was struck , not with the flat side , but with tbe edge of tbe sword !' The witness : 'Ah , yes J It was I myself who gave the blow . ' ( General movement of indignation , and violent murmurs on the benches of the accused . )

      Guinard : ' You boast of it , sir . You boast of having struck a young man without arms , who had not even a slick in his hand and you wear the epaulettes of an officer . You inflicted on tbat young man a serious wound , and if it had not been for his spectacles be would have lost bis eye . I declare tbat sucb acts of violence are shameful . ' and yet we , who made tbe revolution , and had the honour of being at the head of the public force , should have considered ourselves dishonoured if such an act could be cited against us . We did not shed a drop of blood . ' J

      The Procureur General : ' The accused forgets , but the jury will not , that the men who pretended to defend the constitution attacked it in the most violent manner , endeavoured to overthrow the regulariy constituted authorities and destroy the majority elected by universal suffrage . Those men attempted to JegaiLe resistance , but aos- 'ciefv wmil : ! be possible if the government were at their merer . ' M ; Tourrell ( an advocate ) : You forget that the fact that you assert is precisel y the question to

      be decided by the trial . ' Prove , first of all , that the kneeling men who were struck by your gendarmes were conspirators . Until you do that , I tell you that they were free citizens , exercising their , right . Ought not French officers to have stopped before their uii . covered breasts ? And yet there is one who forget " ting what the noble national uniform imposed on him , has had the sad and deplorble courage of boasting of having plunged his sword into an uncovered breast . Ah , the man who could so act is unwortbv to wear the French uniform i uuv onny

      Erance. Mock Trul Of The Proscribed Repu...

      The accused here rose , in a stale of great excitf ment , and loudly cried , « Yes , yes ! ' Some of them addr «« ed violent reproaches to the witness , but what they said could not lie distinguished in the '" " Petit ( the witness ) , turning towards the pri . soners and their advocates , raised his arm and makinit a di » dainful gesture , cried , 'You are all if _ ! ' [ Thi » is one of the coareest epithets in the French language . ] , „_ .,, „ from tbe

      A t this a to 11 cv of vociferations arose benches of tbe accused and of the advocates . All disulayed the greatest excitement . It is shameful . It is infamous ! \\ e are outraged ! Kill us , but do not intuit us ! The trial is impossible ! ' were among the cries uttered . The tumult became truly fearful , and in the tribune and the jury the agitation was also extreme . The accused Baune , in a state of great exasperalion , and seising his papers cried : 'Gendarmes , take me away ! I will not remain here !' Lourion : I came here voluntarily to be tried , but if I bad known that I should be insulted , 1 would not have given myself up !

      The Procureur-General : We have no intention of defending the words uttered by the . witness , but we must say , because it is tke truth , tbat he was insulted in the gravest manner by one of the advocates told that he was unworthy to wear tbeFrench uniform ! It was an that account that lie made use of the reprehensible exprnsion . At the audience , yesterday , the accused rose in tumult ; but such demonstrations cannet be allowed to be repeated . We demand that the accused who have taken part in the tumult shall be expulsed from the audience in virtue of Art . 10 of the law of 1835 . There has been applause from the public tribunes ; people forg et that they are in the sanctuary of justice . We persist in our demand . The accused Maigne : Let us be taken at once to Mout St . Michel .

      Baune : I will go ! I will not remain to be outraged aay longer . ( The lendarmes begged him to be seated . ) M . Tourrel : I do not accept the lesson of the Procureur-General ! We expected that , by a requisition against the witness , the Procureur-General would have caused the liberty of defence to he respected in our persons . But , as he has not done so , we , for the honour of the gown , are obliged to abandon our friends and brothers ! We will demand of the court to decide on the insult addressed to us , and also on the words suffered !

      The Procureur-General : We present in writing the demand we just made : we require that all the accused—for all took part in the tumult—shall be removed from the court ' . The accused with great violence : Yes , all ! all ! M . Dain , one of the advocates , said that the insult made to the bar required a reptration , but as tbe procureur-general , who had had the honour to wear the robe of the advocate , had not defended them , be , for his part , should retire . ( The learned gentleman then look his cap and withdrew . ) The president here announced that the court would deliberate on what should be done .

      During the absence of the judges , the greatest excitement prevailed in the body of tbe court . The accused were greatly agitated and very noisy ; the public formed themselves into groups , and earnestly discussed the incident which had arisen , and the advocates were also much excited . Altogether the scene was one of the most extraordinary ever witnessed in' a court of justice . After three-quarters of an hour ' s absence , the judges returned , and the President read a decree , in which it was said that the advocate , M . Tourrel , bad

      outraged tbe witness Petit by bis obseivations ; that Petit had responded by a gross observation , contrary to the respect due to justice to the accused and to the advocates ; that the accused had disturbed the dignity of the audience by their clamours , but that it was important for the interest ot jn-tice that they should not be expulsed ; the court accordingly held that there were errors on all sides , but that they were not of such a nature as to call for any other measure than a severe reprobation ; and therefore it ordered the trial to proceed .

      The sitting was then brought to an end amidst great agitation , but no exclamations were uttered , either by the public or tbe accused . Sitting of October 18 The court met at eleven o ' clock . M . Cremieux and all the other , advocates rose , and tbe former read from a paper as follows : —After the incident which occurred yesterday at tbe end of the sitting , after the decree of the court , so painful to us who wear the advocate ' s gown , and who know tbe rights it gives us and the duties it imposes , it is impossible for the counsel for the defence to re-appear in this place , without explaining to the public why they re-appear . We have calmed

      the legitimate indignation of the accused , who have understood that the dignity of their cause , even more than their interest , commands them not to desert the trial . Implicated iu a prosecution of which the souvenir will remain as a monument of incredible passion , they have a right to make known the truth and to remain at their post . They will so remain , moderate , becoming , calm , republican . As for ourselves who come to fulfil a difficult but sacred duty , it was not without painful astonishment that we beard ourselves insulted . In presence of one who was formerly 6 a ( onier of the Order of Advocates oi Paris , Out who is now clothed with the robe of procureur-general ,. we counted . on him for the repression of insult to men who wear the gown . As to the decree of the

      court—The President : Advocate , the decree of the court is sovereign , and sannot be discussed . 1 forbid you to speak on it . M . Cremieux : Pardon , Monsieur le President . The President : You employed just now terms offensive to the public prosecutor . We cannot permit you to continue and say that the prosecution is one of passion . M . Cremieux : —I regret not to have been understood , but I will again read my observation .

      The President : Read it . M . Cremieux : I did not speak of tbe public prosecution , but of tbe case which I consider an example of incredible passion , and we shall repeat it more than once in the course of our defence . The President : Advocate , you forget that there is a decree of the Cbambre lies Mises en Accusal ion , and therefore it is that decree which you attack . M . Cremieux : No ; Monsieur le President . The President : I recommend you to be

      moderate . M . Cremieux : lean affirm that in tbe note which I am reading there is nothing which can offend the High Court . We only express the pain which the incident of yesterday caused us , and we are certain that if we did not do so , the Court itself would feel surprised . To continue : . As to the decree of tbe High Court , it no doubt severely qualifies the words by which its audience was profaned ; hut it does not give any consolation to the sacred ministry of the defence . The Hi gh Court , whilst repressing the tuaiult which disturbed the audience , did not sufficiently protect the defence , which a witness had gravely insulted . We will , however , fulfil our task to the end , and are ready to proceed with the trial .

      The President : Advocate , 1 repeat : tbat the decree of the High Court does not require justification , and X will not allow it to be brought under discussion . The Procureur General : We are personally brought forward , and therefore will not give way to tbe emotion which we feel . This emotion is the greater , as it arises from the proceeding of men with whom we have had long relations , ' relations which we did not think broken off . We will therefore reflect on the note which has just been read , and we demand that it shall be deposited on the table of tbec ourt . M . Cremieux : Willingly ; it is signed by all the advocates of the court .

      The examination of witnesses was then proceeded with . M . Guy , a lieutenant of the gendarme , described what took place on the boulevard , when the column was attacked . He heard three . shots fired , and saw attempts made to construct barricades , Capt . NMeholas and Capt . Rodolosss , of the 10 th battalion of chasseurs , gave similar evidence , and stated that they saw national guards throw themselves on tbe r knees and cry , 'Will you fin : on vour brctlvin : ' The accused Guinard insisted that the column was attacked before the sitinmonses required by the law were made , but this - was denied by the witnesses .

      Esfaquin , a trumpeter in tbe cbusteuri d'Afrinqne , stated that on the boulevard a nun had fired a pistol at some officers , and that he immediately pursued and seized him , when the fei ' . ' ow said , 'Let me go , brigand , or I will stab you { ' and at tbe same time be struck him on the le f t ha « d with a poignard . The man then took to flight , b . 'rt witness discharged hts carbine at him . The witness Showed tke scar ot the wound to the jury .

      Erance. Mock Trul Of The Proscribed Repu...

      In answer to the accused Andre , witness said he could not state positively whether it was with a pistol or a rxusket that the man had fired at the officers . When he arrested him , he had no weapon . M . Madier de Montjau demanded to be allowed to read a certificate , signed by thirty-three persons stating that a man named Dupart had ben billed by the witness , though be bad commitled no act of aggression , and was the tbe bearer of no weapon . He demanded that the thirty-three witnesses should be summoned by the procureur-general , and tbat it should be proved tbat tbe witness really bad been wounded , as there was no legal evidence of if . The Procureur-General invited the learned counsel to communicate with him on the subject when the sitting should be suspended .

      M . Brun , commissary of police , deposed to what took place on the boulevard , and to the construction ot barricades . He added that he had arrested a person named Lafond , secretary of tbe Club des Amis de la Constitution , who was attired in the uniform of an officer of the national guard , and whose conduct was so violent that sine of the national guards proposed to shoot him on the spot . ( Alurmnrs . ) Witness tore off the epaulettes of that individual . The Procureur-General said that the person in question did not belong to tbe national guard of Paris . He was not under prosecution , a judgment that there was not sufficient ground for his proseculion having been rendered .

      M . Manuel , an officierd * paix , after stating what took place on the boulevard , and that several shots were fired at the troops , said that he had assisted in arresting Lafond . and in conveying him defore General Changarnier . It was with difficulty that he was protected from the fury of the crowd . General Changarnier had orders that he should be taken before him dead or alive , on account of his having been very violent , and excited the people to armed

      resistance . M . Cremieux and another advocate begged that it might be remarked that the man whom it had been proposed to shoot on the spot bad not been prosecuted , for want of evidence . M . Laissee , another advocate , demanded that Lafond should be summoned to give evidence . The Procureur-General said he would not summon him . ( Murmurs . ) M . Ravenaz , a commissionnaire , saw an attempt made to disarm two national guards , and to construct barricades on the Boulevard Montmartre . As the troops arrived to disperse the insurgents , witness was shot in the legend the wound was so severe that he bad to have the limb amputated , and now walked with a wooden leg . ( Sensation . ) The Procureur-General said the witness had

      behaved with great courage . In answer to questions , the witness stated that tbe attemp t to disarm tbe nationrl guard had been made be / ore the procession was attacked by the troops . M , Gent , ex-representative of tbe people , deposed tbat on tbe 13 th June , he went to join the demonstration with Etienne . Arago , who was without arms . Arago reco ' jimended the people to be calm , and as there were cries of ' Vive la Republique Democratique et Sociale ! ' he said , ' No ! ' the cry today , is' Vive la Constitution ! Vive la Republique !' The witness then proceeded to describe the attackon the column by General Changarnier . He said that , in his opinion , tbe demonstration bad no other object than to manifest tbe emotion of the Parisian population at the violation of the constitution .

      The Procureur-General said that the demonstration was to have proceeded to the National Assembly . M . Gent said that was possible , but it would have answered the same purpose if it had gone anywhere else . Besides , tbe assembly was not sitting that day . The Procureur-General observed that the mass did not know that , and that their belief was tbat an affair similar to that of the 15 th May would take place . M . Gent denied this : they all knew that they would not be allowed to reach the assembly . The witness expressed an opinion , tbat the charge oi General Changarnier was made before the summon to disperse ; but The Procureur-General told bim that tbat was

      dsnied by other witnesses . Tbe court rose at half-past five o ' clock . The editor of the ' Tribune des Peuples' has been summoned to appear before the High Court of Justice at Versailles to answer for contempt of court in pumishing an incorrect report of its proceedings . Lieutenant Petit , who insulted the accused at Versailles , by calling them a vile and filthy name , had a dinner given to him on Saturday by General Changarnier , ' who took the opportunity of giving him the epaulets of captian . A duel ' tas been fought between M . Herman , editor of f . wTribune des Peuples , ' and Captain

      ' Mangloss , of the Gcrdermerie Mobile . The captain is said to have followed M . llerm in to bis office , in consequence of some observations which appeared in the ' Tribune des Peuples , ' on . the evidence given by the captain before tho Court of Versailles . A duel was fought on Monday afternoon in the "Forest of Bendy uctwecn M .- Thonrct , a barrister , and Lieutenant Petit , of the Gendarmerie Mobile . The weapon chosen by the combatants was the sword . The parties having been placed on tho ground attacked each other with extraordinary fury . After some time they became

      completelyexhausted and were forced to rest . They recommenced , and , after a long contest , during which neither was wounded , the seconds disarmed them , when they shook hands . M . Baume , a representative of tbe people , and M . Buvignicr , a barrister , acted as seconds to M , Thouret : and M . Wallois , a half-pay lieutenant , and M . Dufaur , . t landed proprietor , performed the same duty for Lieutenant Petit . Tho lieutenant challenged the barrister in consequence of the latter having told him during tho State Trials at Versailles that he was unworthy to wear the French uniform .

      DEISATE OX THE ROMAX QUESTION . In the French Assembly , on Thursday week , began the debute on the credit lor the Roman expedition . M . de Tocquoville opened with a speech in which capitulating the incidents so as to soften rather than contradict the reactionary tone he characterised the letter of the President to M . Edgar Ncy as a " proud political resume of what Prance required ;" and added , * ' although the document has no official character , wc ( the Cabinet ) do not hesitate to bestow on it our cordial approbation . " The Pope ' s motu proprio , he did not attempt to conceal from the Assembly , " has not realised our hopes and expectations . " Yet it " has excited the bitterest feelings of hostility among the retrograde party in Italy ; " because in it are to be found "tllO ffeTms &

      of those liberties which wc had demanded . " M . do Tocqueviltc was followed b y M . Matthiou ( do la Drome ) in a strong Mountain speech . Here tho debate was broken bv a quarrel . In passing , M , Mntthicu referred to ' the words attributed to M . Theirs , before tbe election of the President of tho Republic , " that tho election of Louis Napoleon would bo a disgrace to France . " M . Thiers : "I deny them . " M . Bixio : "I myself heard you use them . M . Thiers immediately sent M . Piscatory and M . Hccchci-en to M . Rixio ; who chose M . Favrcau and M . Victor Lcfranc as his friends ; the antagonists repaired in tlieiv carriages to thoBois do . Boulogne , exchanged shots at twenty paces , and returned to the Assembl y to bear the conclusion of the debate .

      On Friday , M . Thoviot de la Rosicre , a younc deputy , made a tiresome speech of two hours' ien « tS ovi the sitie of the priests . ° General Cavaignac followed . He commenced by showing tbat tbe first movement of France towards the Pope was one of humanity . The fli ght of the Pope to Gaota placed France on the horns of a triple delemina , for France must either allow the Roman Republic to be destroyed , or it must attack or defend it . Each of these alternatives General Cavaignac declared to be dangerous . After this abstract summary of his opinions , General Cavai-rnac entered on the discussion of the constitutional question raised by tho report of M . Thiers , and ho denied the right of a commission to do that which the Assembly had itself no ri ght to do , namely—to discuss the question of revision of the constitution Ho concluded by expressing his oninioii that the modi pmprio was dccidcdlv insufficient .

      M . \ u-tor Hugo , the next speaker , drew a hideous picture ot the atrocities committed bv the llavinus ami . Radctskis , which he denounced to the IndV nation of mankind .- Those atrocities had bee !! already branded m the British parliament , and flu . French Assembly could m bntjnin in implwti ¦ £ against audi lnonsU-re . ILoud aLvbuuntioii on tiio Lett ) M . Huge . then referred tO the letter written by tho President of the Republic . He should have preferred an act of government deliberated in council ; but such as it was , it fixed a basis for the negotiation , and gave the Pope useful advice in his own interest . Tho motu proprio was the reply of his Ho mess to the letter . As regarded liberty it granted nothing ; m point of clemency it Pn ' ^ oA

      still less . _ It decreed proscriptions en masse under the fallacious name of an amncstv . M . Hu < * o then called on the Assembly to insist on an unconditional amnesty ( Cries of ' Xo , no ' on the Right . ) If you do not , ' exclaimed M . Huso , ' we wilt vconiw » xt , and force tho Pope to "rant it . ' ( Loud murmurs on tho Btgl . t , andWo Ton the left . ) He

      Erance. Mock Trul Of The Proscribed Repu...

      then said , that it was the interest of Franco to ovacntate Rome as soon as possible , as otherwise ifc would become for her anew Algeria , and devour her children and treasure . But she should beware of leaving behind the seeds of a new revolution . The expedition , irreproachable at its onset , im > h t become blamable and criminal in its results . % \ s would be the" case if France neglected to maintain and safely guard tho liberty of the Roman people Ho trusted , in conclusion , that tho French aims in . going to Rome might have reaped something else besides shame . ( Applause on the Left . ) M . Victor Hugo , on descending from the tribune , received the congratulations of the members of the Mountain .

      M . de Montalembcrt , delivered a length y speech overflowing ; with priest-inspired virulence ' ai'ainsfc the Republicans both French and Italian , '' concluding his speech , he observed , ' It has been said that our flag was compromised b y the expedition to Rome Blasphemy ! It has not been so , for never has it been unfolded in a move noble cau « o ( Pn > . longed applause from tbe Right . ) Ilistorv \ vill do justice to the leader of our army , to the wtil'fliv son of one of the giants of our old imperial ^ lorv VlS nqwed applause . It will say what FrnlL himsel f that the victory of our army was a triumph « aincd overthc enemies of human society ' a On Saturday , if . Emanuel Arago spoke a «» iinafc SMS ° 1 ; U n , The orat 01 ' ^ cJed bv sli- ng that France would have one day naught to YciSr but tho word treason . " a "" - ! After a speech from M . Odillon BarrotA number

      , of orders of the day motives wove luuvled to the President , but M . udillon liarrot having moved the ovdcv ot tho day pm-o and simple , they were all rejected , A division took place on the first clause of the bill , demanding a credit of HO . OOOf . There appeared—for the clause , 409 ; against it ISO ; majority for Ministers , 2 Si ) . A second division took place on tbe second clause , demanding a credit of 0 , 817 , 920 f . for tho expenses of the expeditionary corps on the war footing during eight months . For the clause , 470 ; . against it , 165 ; majority in favour of Ministers , 305 . A third division took place Oil the third clause of the bill , demanding an extraordinary credit of l , 94 a 200 f . for the Minister of Marine to defray tho expenses of his department . For the clause , 400 ; against it , 103 ; majority in favour of Ministers , 298 . The Chamber then adjourned to Monday .

      Paris , Monday . —That committee has just distributed its report on the proposition of M . Creton , relative to the abrogation of the laws which banish from France the two branches of tbe Bourbon family . This proposition tends to suspend , for the space of six years , the eligibility of the members of that familj to seats in the Assembly , and to deprive them , for eight years , of the faculty of being elected as president or vice president of the republic . The president of the council having declared to the committee that it would be an act of rashness to abrogate these laws , tbe committee recommends that the proposition of M . Creton should not at present be taken into consideration .

      The committee having taken that decision have shelved that of M . Napoleon Buonaparte as being identical with that of M . Creton . With regard to tbat portion of it relating to the liberation of tbe in . snrgents of June , the committee presented a report , giving their motives lor rejecting . M . Napoleon Buonaparte wished that his proposal mi ght have the priority of tbe debate in the Assembly over that of M . Creton . The Assembly refused to giant the request . M . Pierre Leroux then rose to put the questions of which he had given notice to the minister of justice . He complained of the illegal arrests of two persons , friends of his , at Baussac ( Creuse , ) who had been subsequently brought to Lyons on foot and chained ; though that city was not situate within the circle of tbe tribunal to which they were subject .

      M . Odillon Barrot , minister of justice , said tbat the charges against the two individuals alluded to had been CMevuUy examined by tbe magistrates who had found true bills against them . Their decision should be respected , and could not be discussed at the tribune . Every legal formality had been ob « served , and Lyons being now in a state of siege , the accusation directed against the two prisoners should naturally be Iritd by court martial . As to the illtreatment supposed to have been exercised towards them , the charge « as totally unfounded . M . Leroux ' s questions were finally set aside by tbe order of the day .

      M . Chamois proposed to put certain questions to the government relative to the alleged harsh treatment of political prisoners at Perigueux . After some discussion the interpellations were adjourned for a month .

      ITALY . ROME . —The following ordinance , dated tbe 8 tb f has been published at Rome : — ' Various individuals have been for some time past walking the streets of Rome , singing songs which induce people to assemble round them or to follow them . Although these crowds have not hitherto disturbed public order , they notwithstanding are contrary to the ordon . nances of police , and may serve as a pretext for culpable manifestations . The prefect of police , therefore , orders as follows : Art . 1 . All crowds stopping in the public squares or traversing tbe streets , whether singing or not , are prohibit ! d . —Art . 2 . It is also forbidden to sing in coffee-houses and other public places not having permission for the purpose . •—Art . 3 , The police agents and public force are entrusted , on their responsibility , with the execution of this ordonnancc The military commandants

      shall , on being required to do so , give their assistance , should force became necessary to dissipate the crowds . —Art . 4 . Transgressors shall be punished according to the laws relating to these aitrovpements . The Prefect of Police , Le Rousseau . The cardinals have decided that the railway to Naples is a useless scheme , tendin g only to inundate Rome with worthless foreigners ; they have therefore definitively suspended the works , and thus thrown thousands of people out of employment , now that it is so much needed .

      These irritating measures increase the detestation with which all classes regard the restored government , arid inscriptions appear on the walls , in enormous letters , of ' Death to tbe red triumvirate , " Death to the infamous revengeful priests ! ' and soon . TbeFrench keep up a very vigorous surveillance , in order to prevent the public dissatisfaction from leading to some outbreak , which mig ht , perhaps , serve to test how far the majority of the array sympathises in the Roman cause * Several young men having been arrested for singing are still in confinement in the Cistle of St . Angeio , and one of the party , who managed to escape when the French gendarmes stopped tbe performance , assures me that they were merely singing harmless opera musi <\ instead of singing , the Romans novt indulge in prnsc recitations , as they walk a ' . ong , which will probably he soon prohibited al « o .

      The ' Oiservatore Romano has the following from Foligiio , 6 th iust .: — In consequence of the arrests tbat have been made here , tbe existence of three secret societies has been ascertained , one oi which is calkil the Brutus Society , and another the Ultra Society .. We have not been able to ascertain the name of the third , but we are told that these societies bad peculiar forms and registers , and that the persons lately arrested for ordinary crimes imputed to them belonged to these secret societies . Yesterday evening , thirty subjects of the Papal States , not natives of Foligno , were ordered to leave the town within five day ? . Two davs ago a detachment of Ar . strians left Foligno to " arrest a demagogue of our town , yrbo has taken refuge at l ? abnano , and to disperse some remains o £ the bands of Garibaldi . '

      A letter from Rome , of tbe lltb , states that persons are engaged day and ni ght in preparing the apartments of tbe Pope at the Vatican , and it was said that his Holiness would arrive in the first week of November . NAPLES . —The ' Constitutionale' of Florence states on authority of private correspondence , that at Naples all the functionaries who formerl y held offices under Del Carretto , were being reinstalled . The Jesuits were omnipotent at Naples .

      AYe have received the folion-ing letter from our correspondent :-Naplks , Oct . 1 .-A 11 those who formed the Na-uma ! guard on ihe 4 ih May are to be arrested , or at least cMled before me authorities , and the principal actors in the affair oi thai , i . iv Rrc to be imprisoned and severely punished . Wiii . in the last two days hundreds have been arresti-d—many ' . iv « ( Wl in tiivc—others p .-. ft !;' .

      The Messaggere' of Turin having been prosecuted by tbe A postolic Nuncio for an ar . icle representing Pius IX . as affecting a hypocritical mildness , passing bis time at Gaeta in saying mass and havuiR bis feet Vused by Sovereigns who are still more corrupt and treacherous than be , ' tbe jury gave a verdict of guilty , but counsel having pleaded prescription , as three months bad passed since the publication of the articles , the . plea was held to be good , and the Messaggere acquited . ( Continued to the Swm & page-J

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Oct. 27, 1849, page 2, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_27101849/page/2/