Current:

Northern Star (1837-1852), 27th March 1852, Edition 2 of 2, Page 7

Page 7
Page 7
7 of 8

On this page

  • Departments (2)
    • f towfc isunmgs
    • ffimwrial ftorttenwnt
  • Text (6)
  • Transcript

    • Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.

      Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.

      Wv.„,.N 57. 1852- The S T A. R . 7

      wv . „ ,. n 57 . 1852- THE S T A . R . 7

      F Towfc Isunmgs

      f towfc isunmgs

      Bec 0ss1derati0x Of Tbe Factory Question...

      BEC 0 SS 1 DERATI 0 X OF TBE FACTORY QUESTION . 4 mertin" of factorv . ielegates was held at the Queen ' s -il . tfel Todmorden , Yorkshire , on Sunday , to consider the irnnrietr of anpljuur to parliament for a restriction of Smofvc " power in factories .-Mr . John MalhU < u presided and expressed his belief that from tho difficulty of convic'ing under the present Sh-rt Time Act , no measure short of one : o limit the hours during which the machinery gball run can ever produce the t-ffect intended by the legislatur e . Delegates were in attendance from the following ^ a-e ^—Todinorden , Waterhead Mill , Roy ton , Littleboxou"h . Bjcnp , Manchester , Ashton-under-Lyne , Bolton ,

      and Padiham . Letters were read from Huddersfii'ld , Bradford , Warrington , Stalybridge , and Bury , regretting iheir inability to send delegates to the meeting , but expres sing their firm determination to use their utmost ende avours to support its objects . The various delegates present then madorepoitsas to the feeling in their districts in favour of re-opening the question , and placing a re striction on the motive power . Todmorden was quire favourable to this object , and was determined to persevere with it . In Oldhsm , the present factory law was shamefully violated , and any change would be regarded as an improvement on the present state of things . " There were Open violations Of tho law , and the operatives were in favour of a restriction on the motive power . At Royton ,

      tbe operatives were afraid of going to parliament at present , bat would willingly join with any association to organise for the purpose of effecting the proposed restriction . Littleborough was ready to join any movement to better the present condition of affairs there , which was r-xceedangly unsatisfactory . Bacup was prepared to co-operate for the restriction of the motive power . Hey wood was anxious f' « r the present ol . noxious act , witS which no one 8 eem s . ri-fi

      a tendency to remove the evi ' s complained of in other places . Many of the Manchester operatives , however , thoug ht this was a very improper time to commence such an agitation . The fioe-spiuners preferred the present act to that of the late John Fielden . In Ashton the law was shaiuefuHv violated , especially in the neighbourhood of GIossop and Mossier . In Bolton the act was well observed , except at one mill . At Padiham the operatives were perfectly satisfied with the operation of the act in their own district , their hours of labour being scarcely nfty-eisht per week , and , stopping at noon every Saturday ; they were , however , willing to co-operate to make the time eenerallv more uniform .

      After considerable discussion , the following resolutions were moved , and carried unanimously : — " 1 Whereas the provisions of the Factory Act are openlr violated by the master manufacturers ami spinners in certain localities , to tlie manifest in ] Ury of the llOUt'St and eo .-K-cicntioas masters , and to the workpeople in the said factories , rcsof red : 'Thatiti * the unanimous opinion of this meetihg that no law short of one restricting the moving power , and imposing severe penalties for its infraction , can ever effectuuily protect tbe rights and iiitcrc . 't s of those who are entitled to the benefits of the factorv ac : s . " 2 . That an association he immediately formed to obtain such restriction .. " 3 . That this meeting most respectfully and urgently requests the aid and co-operation of all persons who are favourable to the obtaining a restriction of the moving

      power . "• L That the delegates now present pledge themselves individually and collectively to use their utmost exertions , in their respective localities , for the purpose of organising their various committees , and concerting measures for earning out the above resolutions . " 5 . That a committee of three bo appointed provisionally t o draw np and publish an address to the factory workers of Great Britain and Ireland . "C . That Messrs . Mills , Holmes , and Mallalien be appointed for that purpose . " 7 . Tiat it is the opinion of this meeting , that gros * and flagrant violations of the present Factories' Act aro daily taking place in various districts of England ; and this meeting , therefore , urgently recommend tbe factory workers in every locality to immediately memorialise the Home Secretary to put in force all the powers of the government to cause the Factories * Act to be duly observed so lon < r as it remains on the statute book .

      "s . That the most cordial and heartfelt thanks of this meeting be presented to Richard Qastler , the unflinching and never-swerving champion of the rights of factory abour . " 9 . That this meeting donowadjonrn until again called together by the abovenamed provisional committee . "

      EARLy CLOSING MOVEMENT . On Tnes ' lay evening a somewhat numerous meeting in connexion with the above movement was held at Wornum ' s Boom ? , Store-street ; tbe Rev . Thomas D . de in the chair . The first resolution , to the effect that this meeting believed that the custom of keeping rhops open till a late hour was fraught with the worst results to employers , assistants , and society at larjre , was moved by tbe Rev . W . Short , and seeonded by tbe Rev . T . Nolan . A second resolution , recommending the tradesmen of that and the surrounding districts to close at seven during the winter , eight daring the spr ing and autumn , and nine during tbe summer , was moved by the Rev . II . T . Hushes , and seconded by the Rev . G . S . Drew , who said that this movement should not be confined to only one trade or class . It could be shown that it wasa wicked calumny to say that the youns ; men would

      misspend the time thus spared to them . The society was in the possession of frets that refuted ? uch an assertion . At an erening class which had been established , there was a large attendance of young men , especially from Mr . Shoolbred ' s establishment , who had all along been a favourer and promoter of the system of early closing . 108 aad yrined the classes , and tbe average attendance was 87 . In Michaelmas last year there were CO persons attending from Mr . Shoolbred ' s establishment alone . He also could state that , at a natural philosophy class fceM every alternate Monday evening , the room was crowded ; and those who were doubtful of the young men of London , should come and judge for themselves of tbe interest taken in these reunions . Tho Rev . G . Ambert Roger moved tbe fest resolution , that the meeting pledged itself to carry out the objects of the society .

      DISTRESSED STATE OF THE SPITALFIELDS SILK WEAVERS . Last night a General meeting of the hand-loom silk weavers of Spitaffields and Bethnsl-green , was held at the Croiin and Anchor Tavern , Cheshire-street , Waterloo Town , " For the purpose of taking into consideration the alarming condition of the silk trade , and tbe fearful and unparalleled distress which almost universally prevails amongst tbe operatives . The meeting , which appeared to esciie very great and general interest in the locality , was deurely crowded , and large numbers were obliged to leave in consequence of not being able to gain admittance . Mr . Dowsnani was called to tbechair .

      Mr . Tempest , in moving the first resolution , made a statement from which it appeared the distressed condition It trade ua dl ° ngbeen a subject of general comment , and that latterl y with the view of alleviating the sufferings endured by great numbers of the operatives , a provisional committee had been formed . That committee bad ascertained that distress existed to a very large extent . Considerable numbers were entirely without work , and in a great number of other cases , only one loom was going out of four , and that at such low prices that it was impos-Kuitf to sustain exi .-fence . The speaker described the destitution which existed in the houses that had been visited as being ofthe moat extreme and heartrending description . There was a general disinclination to apply for relief to the guardian ? , from the manner in which they weretreated , and the separation from their families that was insisted upon before they were relieved ; and under these

      circumstances , the committee bad decided on calling that meeting . He concluded by moving the following resolution : — " That in consequence of tbe alarming state of destitute i , want , misery , and almost starvation , now prevailing amongst all classes of operatives engaged in the silk trade ofSpitalfields , Bethn * l-green , and its vicinity , and which distress has been gradually increasing upon them for a series of years , it is necessary that some steps should be adopted to procure immediate pecuniary assistance to relieve the immense amount of suffering that now prevails amongst this patient , but unfortunate , class of operatives . " Mr . Buck seconded the motion , which was supported in a speech of considerable length by Mr . Fox . —Re suid it was not his intention to enter at any length npon the causes of the admitted distress which prevailed among them , because he hoped that in a short time another and special opportunity would be given for that purpose , whea the matter could he fullv and properly

      isf ™? . newas bound , however , to state that beheldi tha * stress was mainly caused by the policy which ^ u oroug ht tleirtrade in competition with fo reign manu-Lv U r ir - ) Trm statements that had been made tho « J * on Moi » lay week , it would appear as though we manit facturing interests were in the most flourishing W i > . , k mi " 0 , ! * ith tbe "' asters he did not « uV UD <; fle knew , and defied contradiction , that it was veL ? f ^ wittlthe operatives . ( Hear , hear . ) For IronoiS j workmen had been gradually , but surely , thitAf . V roma state of comparative independence to taafwi i "dependence . They all knew how they were * Jrl £ , 1 i en " ''"* . When they applied for relief they we buijjed and insulted , and before they could get as Mdt , * , r 0 aW Meenlifein - llad to break np their homes tref !! T tefr

      « i ' ieE V * pub , ic « and he ° eli « ed there was a fund in * u » hnSf ° the relief of distressed manufacturers , which ^ at beapphed for . loor jS ^ P ? ? deDonnced the system of administering toe te * .- h aad commented on tbe fallacious nature of tt « S "? ? plied ° y P nbIic * tite » aod speakers on tkt distri ; . c e examination ofthe actual state of det tits »;„! r - d , how an almost unparalleled amount of Mr p * " ***! * Md 8 nfierim I « tr *« thf ? 5 ?' whi , e he admitted the unparalleled dis-? * h ** lS ?' - ¦ £ *?*•> . 'ffered from the resolution ^ '"e tnatbl ! " uldnj , ls for money , because he did not eo *^ iteS ! X ? ? W !!? 1 tbc would raise anything T ^ Wo 5 & tbat d - , 8 tres 8 - < ' heaT - ) A few . ^ P tions in Zr PP ointed with others to solicit subjndefati gaHe S ? 8 t aimU , p oiroamstanoes ; they were ttt inonth , „„ i „ '««*»»» . * nd at tho end of two or ^^^ " Sw . ( Hear , iiar . ) Th « Mf .

      Bec 0ss1derati0x Of Tbe Factory Question...

      Fox talked of a fund somewhere , but it would be difficult , if not impossible , to get at . ( Hear , hear . ) The Bishop of London had on a former occasion confessed to him that ho knew very little about it , and he feared that any expectation of bent fit from it would be as remote as that of the termination of a Chancery suit . ( Hear . ) Mr . Fcrdinando then entered into an elaborate examination of the causes to which he ascribed the suffering condition of their trade , which he mainly ascribed to the Free Trade system . Ho did not , however , advise them to support either these who would restore a tax on bread , or the Free Traders who pretended so much liberality to the working classes . Working men would be mad to vote for raising the price of their bread . They n . ight be sure their wa ^ es would not rise with that . ( Hear , hear . ) They should keep aloof from both parties , and take their stand for a protective policy on the ancient , broad and comprehensive policy of the French

      refugees , who fir .-t made Spitalfields the sdat ofthe silkmanufacturer in this country . That policy was twofold—a just tax on the importation of foreign manufactured goods , and a due internal regulation ofthe relations between employer and emploved . If the present ¦ government would civc them a policy " like that , they would be worthy of support—if not , they no more deserved their sympathy than that which b y its whole proceedings had ruined their trade and crushed hondrpos in ruin and poverty . ( Hear , hear , and loud cheers . ) Whatever misrhti be the case elsewhere , he told Mr . Cobden and tho League , that Free Trade had not s ' wn plenty of bread , high wages , and employment to Spitalfields . With respect to poor relief , he advised that instead of applying to the guardians individually , they should apply in a body , and if refused , let thorn then represent their case by deputation to the Home Secretary , and demand to be treated as men , and in accordance with their hab : t 3 ofIife . ( Cheers . )

      Mr . Dmjforce concurred in the views of the previous speaker , and hoped he would embody them in an

      amendment . Mr . Houis moved the following amendment : — " That this meeting is of opinion that the distress and misery to whioh the h : ind-toota silk weavers of London havo long been subjected , and which at the present time is without a parallel in the history of their trade , has been entirely caused by a reckless , unn ¦• tural system of competition , which fails to recognise the just , the sacred right of the people to live by labour in the land of their birth , and which , under the plea of cheapness , is insidiously sapping the foundation of the prosperity of the country by destroying the natural

      value of native industry ; and that this meeting is further of opinion that the present state of things which has involved thousand * in want and ruin , has been produced by a modern system of legislation , inaugurated and supported by political theorists , commonly called tho Free Trade School of Manchester Philosophers . This meeting therefore feel it their bounden duty to protest against the existing commercial policy of the British Empire by calling npon the government now holding the reins of power to propound a broad comprehensive principle of commercial and social legislation , and thus put au end to the war of capital against labour . "

      A lengthened , and occasionally warm , discussion ensued , in which every speaker , without exception , strongly con detuned the policy of the Manchester School , and at length the amendment was carried by an oyer whelming majority , only a few bands having been held np for the original resolution . The result was received with great applause , and the chairman having announced the formation of a Silk Weavers Protection Society , the meeting separated .

      PROGRESSION AND EDUCATION . A Public Dinner , Soiree , and Ball , was held at the Literary Institution , Leicester-placo , Clerkenwell Green , on Tuesday evening , to inaugurate the establishment of the above Institution . The hall has been beautifully painted and decorated . Xea-ly 100 persons sat down to an excellent and substantial dinner . After the cloth was removed , Mr . Jones was called to the chair , and impressed upon his audience tho necessity of supporting an Institution which was capable of becoming a real blessing to working men . The Chairman gave ' -The People , " as the first sentiment .

      Mr . Beontekhe 0 'BaiR . v responded . Union , intelligence , and self-respect , were the elements necessary to elevate the working classes . They had in the ranks of the peopla men equal in talent and honesty to those in any ather station of life . They should encourage these men in their efforts , and assist them in spreading Democratic knowledge and literature . Mr . Fislen * responded to the following sentiment : — " Prosperity to this and all similar Institutions , " and was much applauded . Mr . T . M . Whkkleb responded to the next sentiment : — "Our Patron—T . S . Duncombe , M . P ., and our guests . " Mr . J . Bizer gave the toast of the " Ladies . " The sentiments were interspersed with appropriate music , choral songs , and recitations . Tbe Ball , Concert , die , then commenced , and was kept up with groat hilarity until an early hour , tho attendance at the Ball being very numerous .

      LEICESTER FRAMEWORK KNITTERS . Leicester . —A public meeting , which was crowded to excess , was held in the Town Hall , on Monday evening , to take into consideration tlie three following questions : — First , The propriety of petitioning the Legislative Assembly for an extension of tl > e Franchise , and an alteration in tho New Poor Law Amendment Act . Second , Tho injurious effects of the Truck System upon working men . Third , To consider what means can be adopted to prevent the alarming and unjust practice of taking full frame rent and charges from partial employment , and the present starvation prices . Mr . F . Swailesjn tbechair . Tbe following resolutions were adopted . Moved by J . Elliott , seconded by J . Newton , " That this meeting is deeply impressed with tbe conviction that the primary cause of the many

      evils which afmctthe working classes in the present partial and corrupt legislative system , inasmuch as it protects tho wealthy speculative portion of society in a free and uncontrolled competition , which destroys the comforts of the poor , by reducing their unprotected wages , throwing thousands out of employment for months together , and entailing upon them misery and destitution , for which they are punished by incarceration in an union workhouse or pauper ' s prison . This meeting therefore pledges itself to nse all legal means to lay before the public from time to time the many grievances under which they suffer , and also to petition the House of Commons for an amelioration of the same . " Moved by G . Buckly , seconded by G . Cummings , "Thatthis meeting is of opinion that frame rent charges is one of the greatest evils the framework knitters bave to complain of . Manufacturers have been raised to independence , and many middle men

      to manufacturers , through those exhorbitant exactions : it also encourages a dishonest and ruinous competition , to the great injury of the workmen and the public in general . This meeting believing that those charges wrung from the operative at bis present starvation wages are unjust , and calculated to increase the rates of the borough , and that it is morally wrong for tbe few to get rich by starving thousands , pledges itself to use all legal and constitutional means to secure a remedy . " Moved by J . Warner , seconded by JR . Bingley : —* ' That this meeting form themselves into an anti-poor law association , with a solemn pledge not to cease their exertions until that law is erased from the statute book . " The second question on the bill was adjourned , owing to the lengthy business of the meeting . A committee having been appointed , tbe meeting was adjourned to Monday next , in the Marketplace .

      FREE TRADE MEETING AT PRESTON . On Tuesday a crowded meeting took place at the theatre in Preston , the primary object of which was " to devise the best means for preventing the re-imposition of tho Corn Lawg . " The borough members , Sir Geo . Strickland , and Mr . Grenfell , availed themselves of this opportunity of meeting their constituents ; and Mr . R , R . R . Moore attended as a deputation from the Anti-Coen Law League . A gigantic loaf and one of diminutive proportions , were exhibited in front of the stage , labelled respectively " The Strickland and Grenfell loaf , " and " The Derby and Disraeli loaf . " The members were received with enthusiastic acclamations . The chairman ( Mr . Goodair , manufacturer ) , opened the proceedings . Sir George Strickland and Mr . Grenfell both delivered addresses , and resolutions were unanimously adopted recording the unaltered attachment of the meeting to the principles of Free Trade , and their approval of the sentiments expressed in reference to it by the borough members .

      SOCIETY OF TIIE FRIENDS OF ITALY . The second conversazione of the Society of the Friends of Italy was held on Wednesday evening , in the great hall of the Freemasons' Tavern . The hall was well filled , and fully one-third of those present were ladies . Of tbe foreigners as many were Hungarians as Italians . Professor Newman occupied the chair . Mr . G . Dawson ( as the lecturer on the occasion ) then came forward , and was received with loud cheers . His address , which w » s length y , was marked by his usual ingenious discursiveness and artistic quaintness . He commenced by a defence of human weaknesses and human superstitions . The world , he thoueht , was becoming too cold-bloodedly enlightened ; and he longed for a re-action to a faith in some of those emotions which Manchester decided to be follies . One of the so-called follies now being denounced , but which he desired to be

      encouraged , was " nationality , " and another was " race . " He believed in the cravings of nations after nationalities , and he could not deny the anti pathies and incongruities of " races . " The Italians , of one soil , one language ., and ono blood , had hopes of nationality ; and he , for one ; admired them for the hope . He saw nothing unreal in Italian nationality , and nothing delusive in Italian unity . Ko doubt this all meant an Italian republic , but he would not shrink from the phrase . In ordinary English society it was almost better to confess to atheism than to a toleration for republicanism . But Ital y could be nothing but a republic . All the glories and traditions of Italy were republican ; all her disgraces and disasters sprung from her monarchies . He had a great respect for the German people ; but it appeared to him that an Austrian blue eve in Italy looked as ngly and unnatural as the engrafting ' of a tropical fruit on a gooseberry bush . There was a fitness in

      things not to be overiooKea . An Englishman saw no failings in what were called the extravagancies of Italian politics . Periods of passion could be interpreted only in a passionate langua ge that would read bombastic in tamer eras . It was just the same with nations as with individuals . Who dare go back to his love letters , or who did go back and not confess that he had once been an arrant ass ? England hada duty to perform in aiding Rtfy . , He Utterly and heartily « te « pi « ed the sniffling non-intervention-doctrines that were current . He could not understand , why

      Bec 0ss1derati0x Of Tbe Factory Question...

      that should bo a policy with a nation which would be regarded as a meanness as a rule for the conduct of an individual . If he , living at No . 1 . were informed that at No . 2 a bully was thrashing tho fan-. ily , he would not be thoii"ht well of to send word that ho was doing pretty comfortable at No . 1 . That was the non-intervention policy . Italy was getting bullied ; and our foreign policy was to announce that we were doing a good stroke of trade , and hoped every one would go and do likewise . If such a policy whs Christianity he would prefer infidelity . He was not for war but be was for righteousness as well as for peace . There was cowardice in England now , and England knew it . The news of the day told them that a Belgian attoraoy-general had quoted Lord John Russell and Lord Derby against the freedom of tho press in the course of a proceeding against somebody for saying something not pleasant to Louis Napoleon had Lord Derb d Lord

      . Why y an J . Russell attacked tbe English press 1 Confessedly because thev quaked lest the Press should vex the fellow over the water . Was this British ? If it was , he blushed for it . But , then , after all ho was for the non-intervention theory . By all means ' But let there be no propaganda , or let there be two propagandas . Let Russia stop . or England go on . Let despotism refrain , or loose democracy to balance it . There was a nasty talk turning up every now and then about forei gn refugees Well , let the government try it on . No government would ever be permitted to touch one of them . ( The mcetW hero cheered roost enthusiastically . ) The Italian question was an English question too . - Who helped to make Italy free helped so make conscience free throughout the world In time , this would bo understood ; and a society ' like this would work miracles in moulding public opinion

      The Chairman said that M . Mazzini would reply to any interrogatories that might be addressed to him . He ( the chairman ) wished to know , and the answer would be most important , how Italians , in the event of future successful revolutions , proposed to deal with tho papacy 1 M . Mazzini ( who was very warml y greeted on rising ) said , when I spoke to you last I said that the papacy wag I corpse . I repeat it—the papacy is a corpse . Observe , I am not speaking merely individual opinion ; I am stating the national consciousness of a fact . Long before 1849 when the papacy was obliged to run away , no man held up a finger to recal it-so long ago as 1831 there was a general insurrectionary movement in the Roman States . The movement I refer to was triumphant in a week ' s time . It ran through the Roman States and reached Rome itself .

      The moderate party" issued a decree abolishing the temporal power of the Pope , and sentencing the papacy to a limitation to its strictly spiritual sphere . That decree found not a single opponent throughout the Roman States . You know the result : that revolution was put down as usual by a foreign , the Austrian , intervention . In 1849 , the same . Wo abolished it bv decree ; it was the same thing repeated-with this difference , that the decree in 1831 was only accepted , without positive signs , while in 1 S 49 the decree passed amid tho unanimous applause of the revolutionary republican assembly . That is Italian opinion . If , therefore , the question concerned only the temporal power of the Pope . I would now have answered it . But that is not all . Were it all I would say this - . that were the Pope limited to his own forces

      , were Austrian and French interventions forbidden , tho Pope would not await the decrees of insurrectionary powers ; he woul- ' antici pate and run away in twenty-four hours . Wi want , however , more . We maintain that the Pope is not a spiritual power , that the Pope is not only a man without any Jegitinwte riirht , but also that he is an impostor—an impostor who" knows nothing but that he has no mission still to fulfil on earth , That is the question with us : we aim at the destruction , at tho abolition of the papacy , both as a spiritual power , and as atemporal power , However soon or late that thin * be fulfilled , it will be fulfilled extremely peacefully and easily upon a successful—and not impeded by foreign intervention—insurrection . M . Mazzini proceeded to savthat

      , the Pope being gone , a general assembl y of the clergy and Inity would bo called , and we should know from them tho state of feeling and opinion , as to religiosity . We would have a council hy the side of the constitutional assembly , We should have Universal Suffrage , and we should know not what is the individual reli gious belief , but what is the collective belief , of the majority . We shall tnen have done our part . Italy would have legitimately declared that thus stood religious matters . Europe would give tho answer ; but as far as Italy would be concerned , on Italy obtaining the freedom granted to other nations of declaring her opinions , sho would hare proclaimed what would be the death-warrant to the papacy , as temporal and spiritual . ( Loud cheers . )

      Mr . Siansfeld requested M . Mazzini to favour his friends on this occasion with the reasons which urged the national party of Italy to rely in the future of that country upon a united republic rather than ui'on a federalisation under an hereditarily monarchical reform . M . Mazzwi— * f his question is often put to mo . Plenty of people sympathise with our cause , but put a sort of sorrowful protest against our declaring ourselves Republicans , I will answer now , as I invariably answ er those who speak to me so . We do declare ourselves Republicans because we are Republicans ; and we are Republicans mainly because we are Italians . Tbe frank avowal of the aim is the half , at least , of the guarantee of the success . It is quite clear that without the truth , or what I believe to be the truth , inscribed on my fl tg , I have no right at all to say to a nation— ' Stand up and conquer , and die , if need , " because it would bo a sort of crime to provoke a nation to do so , without making them know decidedl y that tbeve is some truth to be conquered . Mazzini then alluded to

      several revolutions which had failed , owing to their not having a definite object , but , with respect to the revolution of 1848 , see ( said he ) what we did at Romaatid Venice . Our avowal was distinct . We had on our flags "God and the people . " The people knew that they were fighting for what they believed to ho the truth . It was a fall ; but it was a glorious fall ; and it was a precedent for the next victory . ( Cheers . ) To ascertain the best government for Italy , we must find what are the elements at work in Italy . There has been no loyal and no aristocratica ! dements in Italy . "We have had persons calling themselves kings , and persons styling themselves dukes , and barons , and counts . But the aristocracy has not been there as a compact body , with its own class , aims , and ambitions , as in England , doing good , though perhaps unwillingly , but still being an

      element in the whole society , f hove lias been no rovalty g iving : to Italy the centralisation , and the unity , and the relief from feudalism , which royalty lias g iven in Franco . Our nobles , our Orsinis and Colonnas , have been robbers , making war on one another ; and our kings have been the results of foreign conquest—still among us , indeed , but as vicfroys , attesting their origin by depending on foreign aid . We have no traditions of monarchy or aristocracy that , as Italians , we can rejoice in . We have glories only in the people , past and present . All our great battles , from the Lombard League to these actual days , have been fought , not by nobles nor kings , but by the people . Our great names are names from the people , beloved by the people—Dante , Michael Angelo , Cola di Rienzi , Massaniello . Italy has three courses—no more—to

      take in the future : To accept a sacred league of independence between all the kings ; to accept unity with one predominant king ; or to proclaim the nation , the people the collective man . The league of princes would bo impossible . Would tbe King of Naples , and the Grand Duke of Tuscany , the King of Piedmont , and the Pope , join together ? It is impossible , because the princes know that tho result of such a league would be the exaltation of one of them over the rest . In 1848 such a league was commenced ; and when it was seen that the King of Piedmont would become possessed of Lombardy as his reward , the other princes withdrew tbe troops we had obli ged them to send . Gioberti proposed such a league ; and no more may it be talked of in Italy . Well , can we create tho ono man we want—a Napoleon in skill and a Washington in virtues ? Are we to wait

      till God , or Providence , or chance , sends the man to us ? Soch a man being sent would not , after all , serve for us ; for he would know he would be but leading to the speedy abolition of himself and the substitution of the people in his giving the people victory over his fellow kings . Let ns learn by the lessons ofthe past . Charlos Albert was presented as the needed man . The people had fought at Brescia , at Milan , and at Venice , and we were free of the Austrians , except the Austvians who had fled to their fortresses . The King of Piedmont stepped in to lead , and we were doomed . The people were rejected . The volunteers and the Swiss wore rejected . The people lost their enthusiasm . But we could have recreated a popular army and have begun again , after Novaro , if the King had not returned to Milan , instead of going his own road , and forced his affected faith on us . lie then deserted ns ; and the battle was lost on one side , without navinf been begun on the other . That would be repeated each time we had a

      king at our head . The Republic , then , is not only a theory , a faith , but a necessity to us . Our beautiful Republican traditions start with Dante , fighting for Republican Florence , at Campaldino , and Michael Angelo fi ghting for besieged Florence on the height of Samminiato against Charles V . and Clement VIII . ; and we see all that Italy has done has been done by Republican Italians . But I say to you , Englishmen , do not givo us your sympathies on conditions . Do not ask us whether we are Republicans or Monarchists . Rely upon us , that what we , the majority of Italians shall do shall not be done wrong by us . We can do no wrong to humanity if we listen to the voice of God through our consciences , and through our national traditions , ( This reply , of which the above is but an abstract , was repeatedly interrupted by applause . ) After some further conversation , and a short speech from Mr . David Masson , the Secretary to the Society , the meeting separated . ' .

      Coil) I»D Com.—On Mond»Y Some Returni We...

      Coil ) i » D Com . —On Mond » y some returni were printed respecting coal and coke . There were from tbe 11 th of July to the 31 st of August , 1850 , 1 , 859 } tons of coals delivered at Portsmouth Dockyard ; and in July , in the same year , 12 S tons of coke . In August , 1850 , ; 732 | tons of coals were delivered on board the Malabar hulk at Portsmouth Dockyard . It was also required by ; the return that the names of tbe ships and quantity of coals delivered at the : Admiralty-office , Somerset-house , in 1851 , should be given . It appears that 348 tons an d . 5 cwt . were delivered . The quantity of coals in each barge exceeded the weight specified in the master ' s certificate , but no-account was taken of the excess , as the contractor was not paid for'any more than the quantity certified by the meters . / " Fbmxdit Socimibs . —A bill has been printed by order of the House of Commons to continue and amend for another year , and to the end of the next session of parliament , the Friandly Societies' Acf > which otherwise would -expire' at the end of the present parliament Provision is to be made for the salaries and expenses of the registrars . . : ; . •• , i

      Reisforcehkms for JansKr . —We understand that th * government have decided on sending additional troops to the l . land of Jersey , and the Horse . Guards authorities have selected the 7 th Fusiliers for that service , to embark ia April , —foted Service Qaztttt ,

      Ffimwrial Ftorttenwnt

      ffimwrial ftorttenwnt

      Monday, Maucu 22, House Of Lords. — Diss...

      MONDAY , Maucu 22 , HOUSE OF LORDS . — Dissolution akd Eu ? ctios op Parli ajibni . —Lord Brougham then laid upon the table a bill to remove a great oversight d tho iaw , touching the assembling of Parliament . Fifty days must now elapse between the issuing of the proclamation for summoning a new Parliament and the day fixed for ic assembling . This enactment was rendered necessary by various circumstances which had ceased to be of any importance . The object of his bill was to reduce that period from fifty to thirty-five davs , and his reason for coming forward with such a proposition was , that in the present position of Ministers thev could not introduce such a measure without sinister

      giving rise to rumours ( hat they wore actuated by motives . Th e same motives would also be attribted to tho Ministers whom they had succeeded . He could not mention the dissolution of Parliament without imploring their lordships to take immediate and stringent measures to put down bribery and corrupt practices fit elections . He need not remind them that at the last general election Bcenes had occurred to tbo disgust of all observers , to the injury of the character of tlie country , to tho spread of immorality among the population , and to tho corruption of tha elective franchise in tho hands of all who exercised it . He hoped that some measure would be brought forward in the House of Commons , and would after wards be passed through this house , to put a stop to so crying an evil .

      The Earl of Deiiey snid that there could bs no objection to tho bill which his noble and loarnod friend had just introduced , nor to the provisions with which be had accompanied it . Still , it was a subject which ought to undergo discussion in Parliament , He assured their lordships that there was no wish on the part of her Majesty ' s Ministers to go into a discussion at present upon tho policy of putting an end to the increased , and he was afraid t he still increasing , bribery at elections . A bill to accomplish that object had been introduced into the House of Commons hy the late government . It had been adopted by the present ; and it was now in the House of Commons , and likely to be passed

      this session . The Marquis of Bueadalbane truly observed , that the corrupter was a far greater culprit than the corrupted , and their lordships could not do hotter than givo their attention to that point . A severer punishment ought to be inflicted on those who induced the poor to sell thoir privileges for money than on those who sold them . The man who gave money as a bribe , was far more guilty than the nnn who recived it . The bill was then read a first time . HOUSE OF COMMONS . —More Explanations : Witii-MAWAii of FuRTasn opposition . —On tho moiion for going into supply ,

      Lord J . Russkll , after contrasting the modes in which the demand for explanation of tho intended commercial policy of the government had boon met by fclw Earl of Derby in the Lords , and by Mr . Disraeli in the Commons , expressed himself satisfied with the statement of the former that parliament would be dissolved as soon as measures ot public urgency were passed . Lord Derby ' sstatement was explicit . He said that , without pledging himseli and his colleagues to advise her Majesty to dissolve parliament at any particular period , they would advise an early dissolution , and that a now parliament should bo elected before autumn . This was so far satisfactory that he ^ Lord John ) thought it would bo advisable that the house should proceed at once Jo the consideration ofthe Army and Nary Estimates , and pass them without delay . When the Miscellaneous Estimates came on , tho house would be better acquainted with the intentions of the government . In order to expedite the public business , he should propose

      that another day be given to the government , and that on Thursdays government orders should take precedence of other motions . Lord John inquired of the Secretary of State for the Home Department whether ho had rightly understood that no change was to be made in tho constitution of the National Board of Education in Irebuid , or in the system of combined education , which had been successful in bringing Roman Catholics and Protestants into the same schools . Mr . Secretary Walfole said , the object of the government was to ascertain whether the grants Could not be so distributed as to give satisfaction to the members of the established church in Ireland who now did not participate in them to the extent desired . He took that ; opportunity of defending tho Lord Lieutenant ' s appointments to tho office of ohaplin , which had been impugned on Friday night by Mr . Osborno , and stated that tho reverend gmitieiuoi ) were selected for their p iety and learning . The first seven of them , he said , were tavourable to the national system of

      education . Mr . Osborne thought the right honourable gentleman ' s answer evasive and unsatisfactory , and showed that government were going to play the same game in respect to national education that they were playing with Free Tradei . e ., under tho pretence of modifying , to upset the system , for that was the only w ; iy in whica they could satisfy the church . Rifle Clubs , —Sir De Lacy Evans moved a resolution , that it is inconsistent on tho part of the government to propose an argumentation of tho armed and paid forces

      while they refuse and discourage offers of gratuitous service having for their object the formation of rifle companies and regiments for the national defence . Mr . Hume , in seconding tbe motion , observed that tho statements of the government in both houses wore satisfactory , and it would be impossible to refuse to appeal to tho country as soon as measures of absolute uecess ty wens passed . Ah to the Militia Bill ( which Mr . VValpolo bad promised to introduce wv'SAonda . ;) iwxt ) , he hoped the government would reconsider tho subject , and not enfcanglo themselves with a Militia Bill .

      Mr . F . Maulb thought the government should bo allowed to develope their views upon the subject of a militia . Sir R , Inolis hoped that the acts of Lord J . Russell and those around him would correspond a little more with their professions than on Friday . Mr . Bbioht saw no objection to the passing of the estimates , the Mntinv Bill , and the bill for disfranchising St . Albans , but thought it better that tho Militia Bill should be brought in and hid on the table , as ono of those measures which the Derby government wero going to tho country upon . It would be most improper to decide on a measure of that kind in a parliament about to bo dissolved , and necessarily disorganised .

      Sir J . Tyrell criticised the opposition in an amusing stylo . Ue bad to congratulate the noble lord on tho change which bad taken place to-night , and on the fact that ho had not that night thrown out his skirmishers to raise a debate for which there was no " consumption" in tho country . ( A laugh . ) The noble lord , in the first instance , appeared inclined to treat the government in the dog-in-the-manger style , but now he stood in a different situation . As regarded tho opposition , he had no hesitation in laying thatthero wero two . The Cbeslwm-placo party mi g bi ; be eoneiden-d the broad-bottomed opposition . But there was another , headed by the hon . member for Manchester , which might be styled the broad-brimmed opposition . ( Laughter . ) If the noble lord consented to receive advice from the " proud humility" ofthe hon . member for Manobostcr , he could

      only congratulate him on such an ally , because he felt certain if the noble lord went to the country with the right hon . baronet the member for Ripon as an ally on one hand , and the hon . members for the West Riding and Manchester on the other , it would be a most , unpopular , opposition . ( Hear , hear . ) There was a great public actor in London who entirely expressed his sentiments on the present state of affairs , ( A laugh . ) Mr . Keeiey- ( laughter ) -Mr . Keeley said , " Vy aro you in a ' urry ? Great folks are never in a 'urry . The government ought never to be in a ' urry . " ( Great laughter . ) And so he hoped government would not bo in a hurry , aud would not allow themselves to be dictated to . The noble lord seemed to have quite lost that natural sagacity for . which the public only a weeks ago gave him credit . If public rumour was to be believed no small number of tho Whig party would not consent to the noble lord" being placed at the head of any

      future Whig administration .. If that were so there was an end of the family compact—tho supplies had been exhausted —and even tho relatives of the noble lord ' s great-grandmother would no longer come to his aid . ( A laugh . ) The noble lord when he found out his mistake summoned his followers , and found that he was forced to avail himself of the opposition of the resuscitated Anti Corn-Lnw League , to invite the hon . member for the West Riding to Cheshamplace , and the hon . member for Manchester to dinner . ( Cries of " Oh ! " ) At this point the debate diverged into one on the navigation laws . Messrs . flicardo , Labouehere , Ewart , and others contending that the shipp ing interest was never so prosperous as at present , and reading voluminous returns in support of that statement ; while on the other side , Mr . Herries , Mr . G . F . Young , Mr . Hudson . Mr . Newdegate , and other members ^ stoutly , asserted the contrary . At lenth this episode was terminated by

      g Tho Chanckllob of the Excheo , ubb , who congratulated the house on the declaration made by the opposition that no impediment was to be thrown in the way of the estimates , and promised , on the part of the government , that the necessary business of tho session should be expedited , in order that tbe dissolution should take place as soun a » possible , ; and . , Mr . Secretary Walpolb , in ; answer to the resolution of Sir De Lacy Evans , stated that be bad thought it right to add another condition to the two laid down by the lato government in reference to the embodying of volunteer rifle corps , viz ., that , the arms should . bo furnished at tho expense of the parties themselves , b ' ut ; " according to tha regulations of the Board of Ordnance , in cyder to secure uniformity in the size , weight , and bore of the arm . , The amendment having been withdrawn , tbe house resolved itself into committee .

      Supplt : the A » ii ? . —Major Bkrbsfobd moved a vole of £ 3 , 602 , 067 , for defraying the charge of her Majesty ' s land forces , ; which he stated was an increase , consequent on tho additional number of mert Voted , of £ 80 , 997 as compared with the year , 18 S . I-i 52 . ! After a brief discussion , the amount wasagreedto . , The several votes were then put seriatim , and agreed to almost without comment . , {> ' . ' ' . ' ,-.., In the course of a short discussion , which arose on the vote for Chelsea and Rilmainbam Hospitals , a promise was

      elicited by the Irish members from the Chancellor . of the ^ i Exchequer , that the decision to abolish this institution ' | s ; , ould be reconsidered ; Mr . ' Hume , however , entering * ! protest , and urging the evidence taken before the , , select , committee on the subject against it . ' "' , " „ ' ' / " . " . " ' " , CoLDusx , in reply to a question ; from Col . Tre ' estufl , stated , amid some laughter from tho ' opposition , " thatbeing ; now in the government , he did not ^ intend to p ersevere with . bis motion to nduce tha guardt to the rank of the line . . NAvr Estimates . —The committee proceeded next wit tha Navy Estimates .

      Monday, Maucu 22, House Of Lords. — Diss...

      On tho navy voto of £ 13-1 . 033 fir Admiralty sabinV-. Captain PECHELfcanked what were the inter ? ions o < " ¦> - verimientwith regard to Re building of iron steamers , t i patronage of tho dockyard , iho South African sqn .-i-in- , navsl retirement , naval reserve , the eonvt-yanci ! of . < p-. . j on board ships of war , a system fraught > --ith gross rv . ;; tialitv ; and mo . l . ils for naeni actionc He stated that « :: i proper manaKeinoiii , the navy was effertivo for thodeh-f . a of tho country without any additional expense . Mr . STAk-Fonn excused himself from givintr detailed inf ° rm & ti \ ii ) on tho various « -siion * conueeted with na ' . v . l

      qu ?> sp . naituve i on the around of the short time ho had be « i ' < n omco As to the Wiliijmr of iron steamsH ' , 'here wouM - " -J to-m l , iev " "' lc '""luotatice in the now bowl to continue :. with regard to the dockyards , he honed some plan wo ; A oo devised by which deKeYvin * naval ' officer * might b < - r - X ' r a £ d thc cffl"fe » cT of ' he yards inensw ed . Of lAo M . ini ™ i taB u , > , W Afr '! «» " squadron he would give miinf- ino ; ,,, bur ' m llilsc if w »» continued , it wor . h » ho maintdined m Rn cSWfc , . flf t ; 0 oSr , KUal * "" «* woold bo kept as lo « " » a

      int iT ( ! ri « h , ' , 8 aid as fchc ™™ t Admiralty board , to which he hao the honour to hew had hcen subjected to an enormous quantity of ab . iso bjMu . n . members of tbo ministerial «» de ot the house and tho public press , he nm .-t express his astonuhment that ; . ho prWnt h ' . ard of A . 'm :-ra ty had had the audacity to tike up ™ d propose their estimates to the house . It w « fi said that the Umiraitv * "as so imbecile and inefficient th . it it could not convey troops from England to tho Capo in B-. \ fcty , w \ u \ 0 thi > French , could transport 10 . 0 G 0 men f .-am Toulon to Civita V , c .-b ' . i without an accident . Why , tho difference wa ? the same between tho two voyages as between walkngupPrimrosc-i ill and ascending Mont Blanc , During tho last » i tur they had sent six ships with troops to tho Capo without « n atvidi-nt It was said that they managed matters so fcdly that iW

      could not si'iid outastenmer withoiitherbreakingdown . Tho committee was aware of tbo large fleet of stenm- ' abips that were kept at sea , and the whole number of those that had broken down during the last twelve month was only three . Ho had obtained returns from sis of t \\<\ ' argest privaiasteam companies , tho whole of whoso vessels did not amount to one-third the number Iwpt afloat , hy tho Admiralty , and it appeared that in the same period tho mirnye * that had broken down was no le * i than twenty . So itiiioh for Admiralty mismanagement . The lion , momV . er for the West Riding , a " man of peaco , " rushed to the rescue , r . nd would fain tell the Admiralty how to nvmago tbo navy . ( A l » ugh . ) Reall y ho reminded th « m of the ' Quaker oanrain of a West Iudiamnn , who said to tho mate when a privateer approached " Strike thy colours frk-nd , " to which the mate replied , "Strike hod d , run her down ' . " ( Laughfcs . ) Upon this tho captain said , " Well , I » i ! l stand by the holm , " and as the privateer approached ho h » ihd her and

      cued out "If thou be ' st hoia on mischief , friend , star , board thy holm a little ; " which he accordingly did , and iiad the desired effect ; the Indiaman going rig ht over thc privateer , ( laughter . ) The hon . member would teach the Admiralty to send this ship there and that one here , and so on . "Why , it was amazing to ohscrro the gullibility of the public ! ( Hoar , hear . ) How could it bs imagined that a set of naval men could sot at tbe board and permit things to come to such a pass as that , ( as was supposed to be tho case ) they could scarcely man a single ship . Why at the time of all the outcry—although thc . board did not want to add to tho alarm , nor to make a fuss about it—had the government said , « \ y 9 want to look out" — in twentyfour hou Jrs 4 ho , Channel would have been covered from tho North Foreland to the Channel Islands with a fleet of steamers within si ght of each other ! So much for surprise .

      Sir . W , Wilw & ms complained of the enormous expense of our dockyards and other objectionable items in tho accounts . He considered the promotions under the schemes of 18-16 and 1851 as jobs , which had unnecessarily increased tho half-pty . The proposed naval reserve was unnecessary , if our sailors were in al ! cases properly treated . Some further conversation took place , in tho course of which Sir F . Baring expressed an opinion adverse to the maintenance of a large fleet in tho Channel , . is likely to induce Franco to take a similar step , and lead in tbe end to additional expense ; and Capt . Scoboll offered various suggestions for tho improvement of the navy . In the end the vote was adopted , as wore also those which followed . After the u-ual amount of talk upon all kinds of questions which are introduced de ommous on such occasions , The Indemnity Bill and ihe Bill for Abolishing iJ ; 0 Oifioe of Messenger to the Great Seal passed through committee .

      The motion for sows into committee on tho Suitors ia Chancery Reform Bill afforded au opportunity to Sir W . P . Woon to impugn an unfair and unfounded statement made by the Lord Chancellor in the Lords to the effect that tho nrosent government when they came in , found no trace of measures to carry out the recommendation of the Chancery Reform Com mission ; the fact being that ' everything had been done as far as time would allowthe report having been made only on the 27 th of January , a week hefore tho meeting of Parliament—to carry out ' the recommendation of tho commission . Mr . J . Stuart thought his hon . and loarned friend ' s , exnlanation fully toe out the Lord Chancellor ' s statement , for he hud admitted there was not time to prepare tbe bills ,

      Some further explanation on the same point took place , after which the bill passed through committee pro forma . The Copyright amendment Bill and the St . Albans Disfranchisement Bill went through the same stage ; in the latter case after a last- -Appeal from Mr . J . Bell in favour of his constituency . The Chanckiaor of the Exchequkr obtained leave to bring in a bill to nmend the aets relating to the disposal of advances made to districts in Ireland—and the other business on the paper bcing . disposed of , the house adjourned at half-past one o ' clock . TUESDAY , March 23 . ROUSE OF LORDS . —Law op Wills Amendment Bur ,. —Tbe Lord CitASCEiiLon moved the second reading of this bill . The object was to remove certain anomalies by wriich the intentions of testators wero often frustrated . Ho referred to technical requirements in regard to the signature .

      Tho motion , after a short conversation , in which lords Brougham , Cranworth , and Ellenborough took part , was agreed to . AnoRXTisx Il £ » ontrc .--Lord Beaumont put a question to the government as to their intentions in regard to thc Argentine Confederation . Thc Earl of Malmbsbuby replied that the ministry fully appreciated the importance of negotiating with ihe Confederation for commercial and political purposes , and some advance towards that object had already been made . The moment her Majesty ' s government were made aware of ibe recent events at the Plate , they had communicated with the French Republic , with a view to a joint represent tation . Lord Aiuhidebm was happy to hear that communications had been opened with the French government on the subject , which , from his experience of the conduct of that government on former occasions , he had no doubt would be met in a friendly spirit .

      After eorae observations from Viscount Canning and the Earl of Hairowby on the same subject , their lordships adjourned at a quarter to seven o'clock . HOUSE OF COMMONS . —Mr . Walpole , having been i questioned by Mr . lleynolds , stated that government did I not propose to introduce in the present session a measure i to settle the vexed question of ministers' money in Ireland , , but that ft bill for that purpose would be brought forward by j them in the next session ( Hear , hear ); and , in reply to » Mr . Fox Maule , he promised his best consideration to the e subject ofthe Annuity Tax iu Scotland , with a view , if pos-1 gibie , to provide a remedy . The Pbksidknt of the BoAitn of Control , in answer to 0 Mr . Anstey , iutimatfd that on Monday next , should the dis- h cussion on the Militia Bill be over in time , be would bring g forward his motion for a committee on the subject of the ie E » st India Company ' s Charter , when he would explain the , e views of the Government on tho subject .

      Mr . Secretary Waipolb , in reply to Sir B . Hall , stated d that the government proposed to introduce a bill to continue le the Sewers Commission , but no measure was at present it contemplated to amend the Metropolitan Buildings Act . In answer to queitions from ot . er members , Mr . Staffoud announced that it was the intention of the a government to send out another expedition iu search of Sir * John Franklin : and Sir J . Pakinyton stated that , in conse- > quence of the pressure of official business , he was unable to ; o proceed with his bill in inference to juvenile offenders . Duir on Hops . —Mr . Fkbwsn , in bringing forward his is motion in favour ot the consideration of the repeal of the io Hop Dutv in any future revision of taxation , urged the un- nimuortauce of the tux in regard to its pecuniary results to to the revenue as compared with the heavy burden it imposed ed upon the growers and the ruinous consequences of the gam- sibling spirit which it encouraged , ( Hear , hear . ) In mauyuy years the tax amounted to fifty per cent , on the price ofthe he hopit .. '

      . . . _ . . Mr . Hobobs supported the motion . The tax was imposed > ed as a war tax , and it was most unjust to continue it , the pur-urposes for which it was levied having censed , and more e ? . pe-peci'illy since the abolition of the duty on foreign hops by Sir Sir R . Peel . -.-.. . Tho CHASCKLuonof tho Es . cht . « . ui ? r admitted the suffering ing of the class upon whom the tax bore , and was quite willinging to givo the assurance asked—that in any revision of taxation ion the claims of tho hop growers should have attention . ; In In fact it would bo impossible in considering the incidence of i or taxation on agriculture to lose sig ht of the tax upon bops . 9 . Mr . Hume adverted to the inconsistency of maintaining ing internal taxes on tho materials of the nationa l beverage , go , when Free Trade in food had been conceded .

      Mr . H . Drumsiosd reminded th e house that , f' ?} * 5 * £ ® £ | ception of . Mr . "Hume , tho Free Tra ders had never ^ voUd for for the repeal of thee ] taxes . Sir J . Gmmam , Mr Bn ^ «*<«* . others , though they bad declared that *» " £ « £ °£ d « f ? duties must follow the abolition of tho Corn Laws j » j , „ , variably voted . against every proposal fi that puipose on , on , the ground that they feared it was an attempt to get bactoackt the Corn Laws . Mr . Coram bad slways been opposed to the hop duty asy Ml unequal and unjust ,, and those who h-id brou-jht the « tfwb .. not tip repeal the whole tax

      iect forwar d demanded «« , but butt so muchof it as was understood by the war , duty , therebjrebjj havin g sufficient of Prptection to constitute , a monopol y ^ oly , " , But with regard to the Malt Tax-- ( in . reapec , t t . o which th * tbi temperance movement had much changed the public fee . Iinje . Ungj of late years ) -: ' oould only be repealed by eo reducing the ttw public expen diture a to render the amount it Wongi ' t ^ h ' t ^ the revenae unnecessary ; and not a < was the oljeotiof tbtf "tbM country party , by the imposition of some new tax . T Sbfarofarr ho wever , from the Free Traders having been the means olnsoi ) : preventing the abolition of the Malt Tax , the Chancellor © lor « i : ' v ; 'Vv ;"'" ~' s \ - ' jr \ : r .

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), March 27, 1852, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_27031852/page/7/