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Northern Star (1837-1852), 27th March 1852, Edition 2 of 2, Page 3, The History of the Restoration f Monarch...

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      The History Of The Restoration F Monarch...

      The History of the Restoration f Monarch y in trance . BjA . De Lamamixe . Tart III . London : Vizetelly aud Co . ...... t . 1 . This part of M . Lamartme ' a history narrates the eveataof an exceeding l y short perod , but one crowded SS ma terials for the histonan It opens with Snvohoa at Elba , and ends with his restoration to the throne at Paris by a coup etat move astonish , in * than that of his nephew , but less brief in the duration of its success than that of the latter is ap-TjnrentW likely to be . We have on former occasions noticed ' the manur-r in which ' M . Latnartine strips Xapoleon of the halo hy which former historians have thrown around bis name , and shown how dearl y purchased was the ' g lory' of which eo much has been boasted . Whatever may be the traditional fame

      with which publicists , romancists , and poets have invested his memory , his rule "was hateful to the people while he was in life—and when he was banished from France to Elba , that hatred -was markedly evinced . He passed to his first rock on the sea , not amidst the tears and the lamentations of an attached , but the curses aud the detestation of a suffering and an incensed people : — He found the Snnth all op and stirring with irritation and fanaticism against his name . The recollection of the persecutions of tbe Cerennes , the religions causes converted into and perpetuated as political causes , the massacre * of Avignon , the insurrections of Marseilles , tbe taking of Toulon by the English , the quick and impassioned character of the people , where the fire of the sun seems to inflame all heart . * had k-ft amonsrst the parties in these provinces

      ele-, ments of fermentation easily called into action . The masses , less reflective and more sensual than in tbe north of France , hid preserred there , more tban elsewhere , tbe impassioned Mi-ersti tions of old things and of old races . The return of t ' , ! i Bourbons to Paris had appeared to tbe royalist people -f the ^ outn a personal victory of their own over the oppo--iniroartv The name of Xapoleon represented there all -iSt tbe people abhorred ; bis fall did not seem to them a naseagce and a surety aufficicntagamst the possible return of his domination . His death alone co-Id assuage the dread and hatred which he inspired . The dregs of the Poop ' e twd been agitated for some days at the rumour of his expected passage under the walls of Orange and of meditated amongst

      trtnioii ; and if crime was not actually them , at least they prepared outrage It was intended that he should leave France accompanied by tbe imprecations of the South ; and the commissioners , wi = o were informed of this disposition on the part of the people , could only secure the safety of their captive by sheltering his unpopularity under false indications of hours which misled ve T ponnlace . -ind under the shades of night wf . ich hid Mm from the towns and villages through which he passed . One of tbe couriers who preceded his carriage , on arriving at Or ? on found the multitude assembled in tbe square , ' grounding an tffigv ofSapoleon hung up on a gibbet , m front of the post-house , and threatening to carry into effect

      fiiis infamons punishment on the person of the tyrant . This courier returned with all speed to acquaint the commissioners with the disposition of the rabble . They accordingly ¦ dackened their progress ; they pretended to have received inmlter-orders . and the town was misled as tO the moment of the Emperor's arrival . The impatient crowd therefore . fcpersed ; and Sapoleon , disguised an a courier , wearing a hat and cloak which entirely concealed his feature * - , i >' . s ? ed thus , under favour of the twilight , tbe last group which awaited bis carriage in the square ; but he beard tc murmurs , the maledictions , and the menaces of death

      which arose at his name . At the tavern of the Accolade , where he stopped to wait for the commissioners , be was obliged to assume another disguise to pass through the town d kit , where the same hatred existed against him . The tries of "Down with the Corsicun , " "Death to tbe tvfcint , " pursued him from stage to stage . At Aixthe exasperation was so great that the authorities were compelled to chsc tbe gates of the city to prevent the populace from tasbing , armed with murderous weapons , to the road lie was to pass . His carriage took a circuitous route , which removed him from tbe walls ; but tie outcries of the . rowd reached his ears whilst they changed horses to draw

      it towards the coast . During Ms stay at Elba , Bonaparte took great pains to deceive Europe into the idea that he was jterfectly resigned to his fate . He devoted the remainder of his large fortune to the embellishment of the island , and the formation of a small fleet , to which he gave a flag as to a naval power intended to maintain a position in the Mediterranean . At the same Una , works of art , furniture , books , and the journals of Europe , arrived incessantly . All outwardly betokened contentment and permanence , at the very

      moment that he was weaving those subtle schemes intended to regain for him tbe throne from which he had been driven . The expedition was prepared with great secresy , and it was not until the fleet was at sea , that he communicated to those by whom he was accompanied tne nature of the enterprise in which tney were engaged . The adventurers landed at the gulf of Juan , and their reception was by no means of an encouraging description , as far as the peasants wre concerned . In fact , throughout , we are continuall y reminded that Bonaparte ' s popularity was with the soldiery alone : —

      i On the appearance of these vessels , the noise of the II-tiding , the echo of the acclamations , and at the sight of t . » se uniforms dear to tho recollections of the people , i ' doors of some scattered cottages in the neighbourhood *¦ re opened , and astonished and hesitating peasants timidly ¦ c ached the camp of Jfapoleon . The soldiers received t ' aa with open arms , pointed out the Emperor to them , | . Ti'i invited them to fraternise . But the peasants displayed [ mere hesitation and terror tban enthusiasm ; one alone , an Itii soMjer , accosted tbe Emperor , and requested to be CB » r 'led in his battalion . " He is the first , " said Kapoleon = > his officers ; "they will all follow , for their hearts are j | uh me ! " Though he affected confidence , however , he |* . is evidently staggered by the slowness and indecision of $ : " : e people of this coast in joining his standard . He was

      . » France , and remained more isolated than he was in Elba . He summoned an officer of the line , and ordered I . in to march at the bead of a detachment of twenty-five si -n to the town of Antibes , which was near the shore * : ; ere he had landed , to call upon the garrison and tbe i" 0 [ Jp , in the name of the Emperor , to unfurl the tric--lowed flag there , and gain over tbe soldiers . The officer ^• p-irted , full of confidence . Bat the tidings of 2 fapoleon ' s c-srent on the coast with a handful of men , h .-td already Un conveyed by some royalist peasants to General

      Corg : n . commandant of Antibes . Without hesitating between M" < recollections and his duty , he took measures to cut off &* troops from all contact with the emissaries of Kapo-» "ti . The detachment sent by tbe Emperor , instead of f nttnt- ns itself with parleying outside tbe gates , boldly §*¦ : * red the town with cries of " Vive PEtnpercur I" which g tfy received for echo tbe cry of "Vive le Roi" amongst H- ¦ i * op ! e , and boldness and silence from the garrison . Bt-ural Corsin oraered the drawbridge to be Suddenly S-:-t-i behind the detachment , and both officers and men JS detained as prisoners in the town .

      Bel ay would" have perilled all . The attempt to : £ "' and chastise the garrison , or recover his dewlmient , would have given time to prepare to give ! ai a hol { reccption . Actingonhisusuaitacticsof rapid or « ntnt , and taking up bis position by surprise , he "slied forward , relying on the spell of his name , and f suddenness of his appearance , for winning over ** Hnuiers be was not prepared to fight . 2 ? or was !( i deceived . Between La Mnre and Grenoble he ! the first battalion that opposed his passage , and a irted the dramatic scene that opened up tbe way ' j die capital almost unopposed . That icene has J ' tn been painted on canvas and described in words , !' - b y none more graphically than by M . Laniar-[ fle s-

      ^ quitting- La More , the Emperor composed h » van-J ° f luopick ' -dmen from that chosen body always under * « dtrs of Gambronne . This general , on advancing / arJs abrid ge at some distance from La Mure , found ' * elf in front of a new battalion . The envoy he sent to "m with signs of peace was driven hack . Tee Emperor Jft'g informed of this , again dispatched one of bis officers , ; J or jiaonl , to attack the battalion which refused to . tS ^ t . ^?* ! t ™ - * KmoI threatened with their fire , rened without being heard . Napoleon ftlt that the modi if , f P t 0 the test his own ascendancy ' ¦^• TiH i , diers * Be pa ** through Ms C 0 , nn , B « or a . " * } t 0 "a » > and rode forward at . a wntte nana , almo-t

      * . _ » advance of his armv . * * Whether he had E ? r '«( 1 \ r by Lis accomplices at Grenoble that the iy , ' « 2 battalion beat in his favour ; whether the C ? " * w on the battle field had inured him to ?• to 7 * 1 , W | ta , eBS rt P"gi > ance by the fire than by the ^ eii e t j * tra ' ' 85 nce hia deParture from Elba , N * to ali lts P ° wers m anticipation of this au-Ss * e'i ^ ^ tnat he bad deemed that his enterprise I i * Zr ibe r , sk of hfc , certain it is that hedid ? sWi a monient - He neither hastened or slackened F' -Mts k- a Mached within » hundred paces of the | -. r = " i ' g g P ^ formed a wall before hiux on the road . Nto j "'KtaOuMea , gare the reins to one of his Poles , N , fc ' j ?" on his breast , and advanced with niea-I ^< t \ l « f > - * ho ma" 5 beD to his death . It wag t * * * bo / i i , Bla e { nation of both army and people apr - ' i . f tht J ' and s 3 if " ^ S " the tomo > between I'Ueii r * T . ? , refeut atui the P - Do wore the costume Ptfci i .:. * ^ ect : on . lepend . * nii mVtnro i & A ., ?;! . - „ » n wmb tu

      "linn ,, « V „ = r ~» w . w .. uu - i , l B aifoi * if . fc ID ? f J aU ; the military hat , the l ! , f ^ -t "X t ff / bt infantry of the guard , tbeover"¦'&» - hi „ iT ^ t N ° P and displaying his under *** ' WiluT " 7 boot 8 ' and s P ura rin ? S the ' ' >' "Wt o-lf , wa ! thatof reflection , which nothing ^ w-. ' n , ' . peac ? command ,-which doubts not of '" ' i- ibere ES'J . a 8 , 0 P ^ road inclining J ^ - kcs bifor * , ,. *» about to accosl . No groups Z- ' - « i him from i ! T' ba 3 lde hin > or hett ! iul him , ¦ " * l prestige -fci . fi g seen iflaI 1 tUe iHnsion of his ° ' * S gure BtandiBi ; out boldly and alo «

      The History Of The Restoration F Monarch...

      against tbe background of tbe high-road , and the blue firmanent beyond . To strike such a man , whom the soldier * recognised as their former idol , would have been in their eyes , not to fight , but to assassinate . Napoleon had calculated from afar this challenge of glory to humanity and to the heart ofihe French soldier , and he was not mistaken ; but it required a profound genius to attempt , and a Napoleon to accomplish it . His grenadiers , at a great distance behind him , stond with their arms reversed , as a token of peace . The officer commanding the fifth regiment , doing violence perhaps to his feelings in the execution of his duty , or knowing beforehand the resolution of his soldiers not to strike their Emperor , and only wishing to intimidate tbo anuy of Xapoleon bv an appearance of dif eipline , ordered his i . attalioii to fire . The soldiers appeared to obey , and

      took aim at Xapoleon , who , without stopping or betraying any emotion , advanced within ten v-tvpa of the muskets levelled at his breast , and elevatin ? that- spell like and resounding voice , which h -d so ofV . n directed the manoeuvres of the review , or of the field of battle , " Soldiers of tbe fifth regiment , " he exclaimed , deliberately uncovering his breast , and presenting his na £ ed bust to receive their fire , "if there is one amongst you who would kill hi * Emperor , let him do it . Here I am ! " There was no reply ; ali remained silent and motionless . The soldiers had not even loaded their muskets , as if they distrusted themselves . Having gone through tbe semblance of obedience and fidelity to discipline , they thought they had . lone their duty , and that the heart might now be left , to its own course , and the hearts of all spoke with one voice . At first a thrill of fading ran throug h the battalion , then a few muskets were lowered , then a greater number , and finally , the whole , while a cry of" Vive I'Einpereur" issued from every mouth , which was replied to by a shout from the grenadiers

      of the guard , in the distance , of" Vive tbe fifth regiment of the line . " Someofthe officers quitted the ranis and took the road to Grenoble , that they mi-rot not bo carried awa ? to the emotion of their companies , while others wiped their eyes , sheathed their swords , and yielded to tbe general contagion . Tne soldiers quitting the ranks , rushed along with the people to surround the Emperor , who opened his arms to receive them ; while his own faithful soldi . rs following the example , hastened to the spot , and rainsled in one group and one acclamation with those of tbe fifth . It was the junction of France , past and present , embracing each other at the call of glory—the involuntary sedition of hearts . ISapuleon had conquered by umn & ing himself ; his name alone had done battle . From this moment Franco was re-conquered , the trial had been made , the example given . At a distance people might be faithful to duty , but when near , enthusiasm would seize on ali ; the exanvle of the fifth regiment was worth more to the Emperor than the defection of ten armies .

      However much tbe events which preceded his sudden restoration to power were calculated to surround it with a specious popularity , M . Lamartine lets us behind the scenes , and brings out the real unpopularity of the invasion . The only agents in its success rrere tbe soldiers , the Same instruments oa which the Napoleon of the day relies for the maintenance of his usurped position . The people were then as now , crushed , and seemed to have neither courage nor influence . They hated the Emperor , but they were unarmed . They had no free press , and the relations of ruler and people were those of deception and mistrust .

      If the people did not protest by civic opposition , thsy protested very generally by their sorrow and their estrange * Bient . History never recorded more audacity in the usurpation of a throne , or a more cowardly submission of & nation to r-n army . France lost on that day somewhat of its character , the majesty of its law , the respect of its liberty . Military despotism was substituted for public ' opinion . The pretorians made a mockery of the people . Thfe Lower Empire of Rome enacted in Gaul one of those scene ' s which degrade history , and humiliate human nature . The only excuse for such an event Is that the people were depressed under ten years of military government , that the army was rendered fanatic by ten years Of prodigies , and that its idol was a hero . But this hero himself was not

      long in expiating his attempt against the nation which he bad just pounced upon , by finding in his own palace the dishonourable necessity of compounding with bis accomplices , the unreasonableness of the opinions which he must purchase by hourly sacrificess , the forced division of power with bis secret enemies , the cupidity , the maneeuvres , the intrigues , and the treasons of the palace of the Caesars . He wished to reign at any sacrifice , and he was now destined to impose a reign no longer , but to beg it : to purchase every adhesion by shameful cancessions ; to tremble before those whom he formerly made tremble with a gesture ; to be the slave of those whom he had returned to enslave ; to submit to the murmurs , the contradictions , the caprices , and the insolences of the political bodies ; to tt & e refuge in camps where he could find victory no more ; to fly from a court in which he no longer found safety . The first night that he passed without sleep at the Tuileries began the vengeance of his triumph , and the expiation of his happiness .

      It would almost seem as if M . Lamartine were relating the events of today . Can we doubt as to the ultimate results now , when history records the inevitable sequence of such actions ? The extracts we have made render commendation of this interesting and graphic history unnecessary . M . Lamartine carries the reader along with him b y the impulsive and passionate flow of bis narrativemore like a poet than a historian ; but his personal familiarity with many of the actors in these momentous and stirring scenes , enables him to stamp a truthfulness upon them for which we may vainly look in works written in accordance with the critical canons of historical narrative .

      Mount Athos. Tkessal Y And S Pirits: N D...

      Mount Athos . Tkessal y and S pirits : n Diary of a Journey from Constantinople to Corfu . B y G . P . Bowen . Esq ., M . A . London : Rivington . . The principal object of M . Bowen ' s journey , was to supply Mi and accurate information as to the dig . eipline and present sjate of the Greek Monasteries ; and having deviated from the usual method , of taking a steamer from Constantinople to the capital of the Ionian Islands , he is enabled also to present the attraction of a comparativel y novel route through Thessalyand Epirus . The three chief monastic societies in Macedonia , Thessaly , and Arcadia , are Mount Athos , Meteora , and Megaspelseon . The first named being the principal monastic seat , is

      described atthegreatestleugth . Itcomprises a whole district , including not only the peak of Athos itself , but the whole peninsula of Acte , upon which itis situated . This peninsuk is forty miles long , and about nine miles broad at its broadest part ; and the wholeof it belongs to a monastic society of Greek Christians tolerated by the Turks , under a kind of charter which has been respected since the establishment of the Turkisb empire . The most curious feature of this society is , the absolute exclusion from it of every female creature , whether of the human species or of any other capable ( this capability not extending to insects , as Mr . Bowen found to his cost ) of being kept out . —

      About three hours from Erisso , where the promwitoTy of Acte , properly so cailed , begins , a steep ridge of hills stretches across the peninsula , from sea to sea . Surmounting this natural barrier of the hol y mountain by a difficult zigzag path , we soon come to the station of tho frontier guards , where a lew soldiers of the armed body which the holy community maintains in its pay are stationed , to keep out robbers , women , and female animals of all kinds . Uo mare , oow , she-cat , hen , & c , has been from immemorial custom , admitted into the precincts of the holy mountain ; but ail the monasteries swarm with huge tom-cats , imported from the neighbouring islands , some of which

      animals have been taught by the younger monks the most amusing tricks- —to throw summersets , and tbe like—which , I confess , helped to enliven the tedium of the long evenings and rainy days which I spent under the shelter of the sacred walls . This rigorous rule for the exclusion of the female sex takes its origin partly from superstition and partly from policy . Many of the monks revere Athos as a place sanctified by many miracles , and which would be profaned , like St , Senanus ' s island , by the presence of a woman ; but the more intelligent among them consider the prohibition necessary only to the maintenance of ascetic disci plin e .

      The society inhabiting the peninsula thus guarded from feminine approach is , of course , recruited from the male world without , —whosoever is willing to submit to the monastic rule which governs it being admitted after due probation . Onl y a small proportion of the whole , however , are in hol y orders ; the larger number being Caloyers , i . e . ' good elders , ' who till the hnda . I f an applicant for admission into the society brings with him 2 . 000 piasters , or about £ 16 sterling , he becomes a kind of gentleman-caloyer , and is exempt from labourer ' s work , — -the poorer lay

      members performing all the drudgery . Though the priests properly so called are exempt , in virtue of their office , from menial work , yet few of even , the poorer caloyers care to become priests—the duties of the church service in tbe monasteries being so onerous that most prefer the labours of laymen . Such of the members of the society as have entered it in adult vears retain , of course , recollections , more or less vivid , of that excluded phenomenon ttomaa . To those who entered it young , it must be a mere myth ; the vagueness of which is amusingly exemplified in the

      following passage : — " My companion m entiontd to me the superstition held bytbesailoraof the ^ Igean , that women who have presumedtoland on the floly Peninsula have been invariably struck dead for their impiety ; and rather startled me by suddenly asking , " What sort of human creatures are women ? " ( note &« r **» t * W aMf 6 { ' ) - ]«« ts if a German trasto ask , ' Was for Menichen sind die Frauen-Sera ? " M ?^ reply was , " H * T 8 w MTU mn »

      Mount Athos. Tkessal Y And S Pirits: N D...

      woman ? " ( Aiv eiSes jrore plav yvpa 7 na ' y ) when he assured me that he bad seen only his mother , and that he had forgotten even her appearance , as he had been sent to the mountain on a visit to an uncle'when only four years old and had never crossed its limits since—a period of twentyfour years . He was very inquisitive about women ; ¦ whom he hail heard and read ef , but had never Seen—ol whom , in short , he appeared to know about as much as I know of crocodiles and hippopotamuses . For charity ' s sake I quoted to him the old rule of St . Bernard , how the " ancient enemy , hy female society , has withdrawn many a soul from the right path to Paradise ; " and I bade my unsop hUt < cate < l friend thank Providence that be , at least , was safe from tho

      dangerous allurements of those syi ens of real life , who had assaulted so many anchorites , from St- Anthony down to St . Kevin , and who . I told him , were hut ugly likenesses of the pictures of tho Virgin in the convent churches . This wag no extravagant complement to tbo fair sex , for the Greeks are too much afraid of idolatry to represent any such "eyes of most unholy blue" as beam from the canvass of the Italian masters . All their pictures of saints aro in a style of traditional and conventional ugliness . Before my departure , 1 amused myself by translating into Greek Anacreontic verses , and leaving for the edification Jof the good fathers as many appropriate couplets in the " "Irish Melodies" as 1 could call to mind ; for instance

      Ala *! the poor monk little knew What that wily sex can do , and the like . The convents at Meteora , are erected upon mountains inaccessible except by ladders or a primitive kind of crane . Mr . Bowen did not feel inclined to scale the perpendicular cliffs bymeans of very questionable-looking ladders , but ventured up in the net . A report was rife that the rope had broken not long before , and a monk been dashed to pieces ; but our traveller judiciously argued , there will now bo a new rope , and greater care after such an accident .

      I fired off a pistol , to attract the attention of the monks ; when , long before the echo reverberated by the oliffn around had died away over Pindus , two or three cowled heads were thrust out from under the covered platform projecting from tbe summit of the rock , and which resen > bias the shed on the tow story of a lofty London warehouse , The rope , too , is worked in a similar way , by a pulley and windlass . After reconnoitering us for a moment , and see . ing that we were not strong enough to carry their monastery by a coup de main , the monks threw down what seemed a strong cabbage net , lowering at the same time a thick ropo with an iron hook at its end * . My guide spread tbe net on tho ground , and I seated myself in it cross-legged , be then gathered the meshes together over my head , and hung them on the hook . The monks above then worked

      their windlass , and in about three minutes and a half I reached the summit , a distance of between 200 and 300 feet , swinging to and fro in the breeze , and turning round like a joint of meat roasting before a slow fire . This inconvenience might easily be prevented by another rope being held by a person below , as is done in tbe shafts of mines ; but that is a Cornish luxury which has not yet occurred to the good fathers . Of course as I begin to ascend , my weight draws the net close , until my knees are pulled up to my chin , and I am rolled into a ball like a hedgehog . The guide told me to shut my eyes to escape giddiness ; but I soon opened them , on feeling myself banged pretty sharply against the rough side Of the rock and 1 swung myself tiff again by a convulsive push of the knees . The height is , indeed , dizzy enough ; for I could no longer see the narrow

      ledge from which I had started , nor the winding path which led to it , but looked right down on the plain of Thessaly , a thousand feet or more beneath . During the ascent , the ropeoecasionalJyjBlipsfrom one spoke to ' another on the windlass ; wbe ' fi p f course you fall like a piece of lead for a few yards ^ iia ' are then caught up with a mi ghtily disagreeable jerk . On reaching tbe level of tbe projecting shed above , you are left hanging for half a minute over the abyss , till tho monks leave the capstan , and fish you in with a pole like a boat-hook . They have no such contrivance as a turning . crane for landing their guests ; iu facfe , their machinery is altogether of a most primative order . You lie on the floor a parfect helpless bail , until they undo the meshes of the net from the hook , unrol you , give you a gentle shake , and then help you to your feet .

      Pttfcltc Amusements

      pttfcltc Amusements

      Princess's Theatre. Tbe Great Success Of...

      PRINCESS'S THEATRE . Tbe great success of the " Gorsican Brothers" has led to a revival of "Pauline , " the drama of last year , and another instance of how much can be done with a slight subject when histrionic excellence" and managerial skill are employed to give it effect . JSfjr , Kean , by his exact representation of the cool gentleman-like French villain , who fears nothing , and hesitates at nothing , but is never betrayed into coarseness or vulgarity / created almost a new epoch in melodramatic acting . Murderers bad often been seen on the stage before , and horrors similar to some of those in " Pauline" bad often been perpetrated , but such , a thoroughly civil villain as Ceunt Horace , with such a perfect

      quietude of courage , was not to be found every day . Mr * . Kean , as the suffering lady , first tortured by a horrid fascination for a man she feels she cannot esteem , then paralysed by terror at her husband ' s atrocities , and , lastly , worn out by sickness and ill-usage , perfectly completes the picture , and tbe audience are balanced between sympathy lor the gentle victim and awe at the chilly persecutor . The terrors , which are brought in close succession , were as effective as ever on Monday night , and tho audience contemplated with breathless attention the agonies of the lady in the solitary chateau and the fearful duel across tbe table .

      LYCEUM THEATRE . After this week the Lyceum will close till Easter . The only pieces performed since Christmas have been the " Game of Speculation , " and the " Prince of H » ppy Land / ' so that the bill has ] not been ch & nged for a period of three months , while the audiences every night have been most numerous . This fact is , we believe , without parallel in the annals of the modern drama .

      ROYAL POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION . "Vfe are decidedly of opinion that the popular lectures delivered in the theatres of this institution contribute more to the spread of scientific knowledge ihan all the learned treatises ( hat couid be written upon tbe subject , Mr . J . II . Pepper , the chemical lecturer , has this week introduced to notice a new kind of phosphorus , supplied to him by Messrs . Sturge , of Birmingham , and which is called Schrotter Amorphous , or red phosphorus . It * principal superiority over the old kind appears to bo in it * being far less dangerous and deleterious to the health of those employed in the manufacture in which it is used . In the course of bis lecture the learned professor stated that 100 , 000 lbs weight of phosphorous was annually consumed , a great portion of

      which was inthe manufacture of lucifer matches ; and from & calculation made by a clever statistician , a saving of nearly £ 100 , 000 in money was annually effected by thesubstitution of this kind of match for the old-fashioned tinder-box and brimstone match such as were in general use thirty years ago . He then proceeded to show that this remarkable substance was discovered by Brandt , of Ham ' mrgh , in the year 1609 ; that in 1737 Sebule discovered that phosphorous waa contained in liuie ; and here the lecturer observed , pUosplttttti of lime was the principal mineral constituent of the human body , and was contained in all the tissues—in all the fluids—the saliver—tbe gastric juice—the blood ~ and that to its presence was owing the

      solidity of bone and the hardness of te'ith . lie also jiuormvd his audience , that the same substance was introduced by ntanuiacturers of artificial teeth ; att < i exhibited some most beautiful specimens of mineral teeth with a gum , made by Mr , Moggridge , of Old Burlington-street , London , which presented a moat natural appearance , and were so hard as to admit of th ' cir being driven into a deal board , like nails , without cracking . The lecture was concluded by his showing ; that phosphorous may be procured from burnt bone and sand , and that the new invention was of « o inno . cbous a nature as to admit of its being swallowed by itself , and might be packed in b : > vrells for transport , instead of being kept like the other under water . lie also expressed his obligations to those gentlemen who bad lorwarded nim the specimens he had exhibited .

      Rbplt Of The Supbmoroir Ins "Sisters Op ...

      Rbplt of the Supbmoroir ins "Sisters op Merct . "The Exeter and Plymouth papers publish abstracts of the reply which , at the request of the Bishop of Exeter , Miss Sellon has made to the tract accusing her of numerous ' " Popish" practices , written by the Rev . J . Spurrell , vicar of Great Shelford , Cambridgeshire .. Miss Sellon acknowledges that she has advised her pupils or " children " to confess , and she states that confession is practised " by thousands in the English church , " and that " the benefit of absolution " is granted by Episcopal clergymen . She does not deny that one of her pupils , as an act of penance , was ordered to make the sign of a cross on the floor , with htr tongue—it must have been an act of " self-abasement , " ordered by a clergyman consulted by the lady ; and she heard that it has been recommended for sins of falsehood , ic , " by one of our bishops and eminent divines , " Miss Sellon also washes tbe feet of her " children" and other .- * ,

      doing it " in obedience to our Lord s command . " Her pupils also wear " religious symbols" under their dres * . She also acknowledges to burning candles before a print of the Virgin and Child in her private oratory . 'wtd argues in favour of praying for the dead and the guardianship of angels . In short , there does not seem to be one material allegation in Mr . Spurrell ' s pamphlet which Miss Sellon does not rather justify or extenuaw than deny . TUB OUTCROSS COIUSION ON THB MlDLANn RAltWAT . —At the last Derby Assizes the widow of the late John Blake , Esq ., obtained a verdict for £ 4 , 000 daavigos for the deathof her husband , occasioned by a collision near Clayoross

      in Mav last . The company hive since succeeded in Obtaining a new trial on the ground of misdirection by the judge . The case was to have been tried again at the present assizes , but on Friday week a compromise was effected on the following terms : —The Midland Company to pay Mrs . Blake the sura of £ 2 , 500 , and each party to bear their own costs of the legal proceedings . VSTe understand that Mrs . Meynell , the widow of J . G . Meynell , Esq ., a mngistrate of the county of Derby , who was killed by the same collision , has accepted from the company tho sum of £ 2 , 000 in liquidation of all claims against them for the death of her husband . —Railway Record . '

      . Secessions prok the Cuiiacn " op Romh . —It is reported that Lord Beaumont and his sister , tbe Hon . Miss Stapleton , have at length seceded from tho Church of Rome , and become members of the Church of England . The event ol Lord Beaumont ' s secession had been for some time deemed probable . Lady Beaumont is , as she always has been , a member of the Church of England . Her ladyship is daughter to Lord Kilmaine . Tbe Hon . Mr . Stapleton , brother to the noble lord , seceded from the Church Of Rome about fifteen months ainw , —Mi ' s Mitsingir .

      Corn And Currency . At The Meeting Held ...

      CORN AND CURRENCY . At the meeting held in Manchester for the revival of th <* League , it will bo remembered that Mr . James H . irvey , of Liverpool , moved an amendment with referen ce to the Currency , which was hooted down by the assemble d Leaguers . Their organs also expended no small amount of ridicule upon that gentleman ' s viows . Now , wo remember Mr . Harvey as an exceedingly active and influential member of the League- in former times . He was a member of its council , and vice-president of the Anti-Monopol y Association , at Liverpool , and we conscientiously bi-lievcd at that time he was labouring for tho general benefit . Subsequent experience and reflection have , bowerer , convinced him that the system which he laboured to establish is not only one-sided and unjust in its operation , but that it will be essentially destructive in the long run to the best into .

      r & 4 i of society . He has , therefore , addressed a letter to Mr , G . Wilson , the chairman of the League , giving his reasons for this change of opinion ; and as the Pree Trade organs are not likely to present their readers with | the important views stated by Mr . Harvey , wo willingl y comply with the request to lay their substance before our readers , Mr . Harvey quotes a statement of Mr . Cohrfen ' s before a Committee of the House of Commons , in 1840 , which that gentleman appears to have attached less importance in subsequent years than it deserves : — ' I believe great evils havo been occasioned to the trade and manufactures of the country in 18 S 8 and 1837 , and the subsequent periods , by fluctuations in the Currency gre » terevils—pecuniary , social , and moral—than by the failure of all the banks of issue since they were first established in this country . " Mr . Harvey thus states his recantation and his reasons —

      " Previously giving entire credence to the dogma that lies at the root of Free Trade , that ' Cheapness was the synonym of plenty , ' I was a warm advocate of Free Trade Let me confess , however , I never could clear my conscience ' when pursuing Free Trade , that I was not injuring the English farmer . I soothed and allayed my feelings by anticipating a general prosperity . That prosperity never came . My proof is , that the annual emigration amounts to three hundred thousand souls ; with this important feature developed in late years , that this stream of self-devoted exiles is not conBned to the Irish , but consists principally of our English population .

      Further inquiry has shown me that cheapness may arise from want of money—that universal cheapness is only an index of monetary deficiency ; in other words , that cheap commodities mean dear money . Cheapness is tbe agent which prostrates labour at the feet of capital . Your Free iratlers enhance the power of tbe moneyed interest by compolling us to give much labour for little money . You are allies to usury . You worship gold . You encourage pawnbroking . It is you who ennoble Lord Overstone , that most implacable money-monger . I denounce you as the right arm of the moneyed power , whose little finger is heavier than the loins of the landlord .

      ' Mr . Cobden and Mr . Bright , and other leaders , have had their attention repeatedly called , and with an infatuated pertinacity have blinded themselves to the fact , that price is regulated by money—that the battle between them and tbe Protectionists is one of price—and that it is a stupid omission in both parties to leave out of consideration money in which price is expressed . Why was wheat in Pitt ' s time eighty shillings , and in Peel ' s time forty shillings ? This cannot be traced to demand and supply , but to the fact that money was more plentiful m Pitt ' s time than in Peel ' s—that in Pitt ' s timo we bad an expansive currency , and in Peel ' s time our money consisted of a dear and scarce commodity—Gold . " I call your attention to the Engineers' Strike as a proof that the battle between labour and capital still rages . Free Trade does not bring peace .

      " I beg of you to cast one thought on the future . Have you no fear of the judgments of posterity ? Do tho strictures of the future historian on the onesidedness and incompleteness of your system possess no influence on you ? Did you ever give a thought to the importance of the prin * ciple that taxation must bo added to price , and that Free Trade renders this act of common justice impossible ? Suppose you should be wrong . Do not mistake me . The Protectionist who , with a gold money , attempts to secure remunerative price , is supporting a political juggle . Do not for a moment believe that I have any sympathy with him . Be assured that the cheapness , which you ignorantly worship as the symptom of plenty , is merely an agent for making the rich more rich , and the poor more poor . The producers—that is , tho workers , the poor—sell cheap ; the consumers—that is , the annuitants , interest receivers , the wealthy—buy cheap . It is an undeniable benefit to all living on fixed incomes ; it is an unmitigated evil to tho producers who have to give much labour for little money .

      "Let me call your attention to the operation of cheapness on Taxation . Tho tnxationjis , in 1852 , fifty millions ; in 1 S 21 it was fifty millions ; but according to the' Times , ' ' the sovereign bas doubled in purchasing power ; ' that is , the producer , to get his sovereign to pay twenty shillings of taxation , has to bring wice as much produce into the market now as he did in 1821 . So honce taxation is doubled . But this view of the question is entirely lost sight of by the Financial Reformers , who are an offshoot of Free Traders .

      "Again . Free Trado is incompatible with the colonial system . Which do you . pvopose to stand b y ? Bonaparte told us that the Colonies coat us eight hundred millions , and that they were cheap at the money . Gentlemen , rnview your policy ' . It is insane—destructive—suicidal . It is solving the problem , how to make a great empire into a little state . No ; we must consolidate the empire—reconstruct it . _ We must give parliamentary representation to the Colonies . With steam this ia feasible . We must make them transmarine counties , possible with an imperial paper money , a legal tender for taxes .

      " You rejoice over the diminution of poor rales , but you are deceived by tbo nominalism of money . Compute them in corn or produce , and you will find tliey are heavier than ever was known . And , moreover , gentlemen , reflect , — three hundred thousand leave us every year , so that one evil disappears swallowed up by a greater . " I grant that California and Australia will mitigate the social disorders which afflict us ; but what is this but saying that more money ia the efficient remedy ? It 19 , however , empirical relief . I invite your attention to the proMem , how to issue a sa e and sound paper money , " I must he brief . I invito you to reflect on tho great necessity which exists to establish a standard of value . I give you ono . A week ' s labour of . sixty hours , at tho wages of twenty shillings , payable in paper money , to be cancelled when offered in payment of taxes or poor rates . As a corollary to this , Poor-law Unions or Government to employ all men at these wages who are turned off by the private capitalist .

      " I maintain and enclose some queries by Bishop Berkeley for your perusal , as some authority to support me , that money is in its nature representative , that a commodity cannot make a money , and that this grave error , this worship of Gold , is at tbe root of all the panics and all the disorders that afflict trade , and demoralise the people of England , " * v

      Threatening Letter To A Police Officer ....

      THREATENING LETTER TO A POLICE OFFICER . The principal case to be tried at the Liverpool assizes is that of Darby Nolan , Thomas Nolan , and John Shea , for the wilful murder of James Anderson , at Widness , near to Runcorn , Our readers will remember thut they were ap . prehended in a singular manner by Connolley , a policeman who disguised himsolf , and worked as a labourer with the prisoners , On the 18 ih of November , after the appivhension for the murder , an Irishman , named Daniel M » guire , went to Connolley whilst he was engaged in the chemical works , and made use of threatening language towards two other persons in Mr . Hutchinson ' s employ , Connolley invited Maguire to go to a public house , " and whilst here Maguire sworo that he would hav

      holy God . he would have the Me of Mr . Palmer , another overseer ; and as for Mr . Deacon , Mr , Hutchinson ' s manager , although ho was Mr . Deacon , he would give him jn .-t the same wage , for murder was not done with yet , but , ' " as to William Hollingsworth " ( another foreman friendly to the men ) , added Maguire , " you may depend your life upon him . " Maguire and a man mimed M'Brain wore subse . quently apprehended on thechargeofconsp iracy , and being taken before the magistrates at Prescot , the former was committed , on the evidenue of Connollwy , to gaol for twelve months , in default of finding bail , On the evening of St . Patrick's Day some of the men from Runcorn came to Liverpool to attend their Ribbon

      lodges , and one of them , named Conway , met with Connolley whilst on duty at the Pierhead , and in the course of conversation nnbraided him with having acted treacherously , which i fti led to the discharge of the whole of the Irishmen from Mr . Hutchinson ' s works , Conway remarked , " You have done it nicely , but it is not for the mnrder the bad feeling is against you , but tbe case of Dan Maguire , and so many of tbe men being sacked . It was little we thought you were a policeman . Connolley replied , " It ' s well you didn ' t know , or I should not be here todity . " " That ' s true , " said Connolley , an-l walkedaway . On the following afternoon Connolley received the subjoined letter : —

      " John Conley , —By the holy cross o ohrisfc and the holy mass Book you may prepare your coffin you may escape a while but as sove as the day , light your time is short the changing of your to Jack Callgan will not do wo know you now you bloody desaver you can never expect forgiveness in this world or tho next the longer you escape tho harder will be the fail ; thats waits for you you damn infernal villin so be making your pase with god . " [ In place of a signature was tbe drawing of a coffin . ] The letter was addressed : — " John Conly . Police-officer 400 , Rosehill Station . "

      The above facta transpired at the coroner ' s court on Tuesday , Connelley , who was engaged in a case , having , during a temporary cessation of the business , handed the letter to the coroner . Mr . Curry , who advised the officer not to allow tbe matter to put him oat of the way as the only evil , generally speaking , arising out of such cowardly threats , waa the effect which they created on tho mind for he ( the coroner ) who belonged to an assurance associa ' tion , would assure his life for a less premium than he would have done had no such threats been carried out

      Job Miller.~-The Remains Of This Patriar...

      Job MiLLER . ~ -The remains of this patriarch of puns and jokes , hitherto peaceably resting in tbe buriai ground in Portugal-street will now be disturbed to make way for the new buildings of King ' s College Hospiial . Surely "Old Joe " ought not to be carted away , and shot as rubbish . Some plain memorial of him might goon be raised ifau appeal were made to the public , and if every one wb . 080 Con < science told him he had ever been indebted to Miller would subscribe only a penny to the memorial fund tbe requsitc sum would soon be collected , —Abt « and Queries

      Vmittin.

      Vmittin .

      Con—Wh Y Are All The Women Of Holland Li...

      Con—Wh y are all the women of Holland like the nobility . '—Because they are all Du'chesse * . Mookrn Philasthiiopy . —Publishing tracts and forgetv W printer . ^ Kw Cow . — -Ar a recent Privy Council , a new florin wag suhmuted to the Queen , end approved of . bn « u , pok A Debating -SoWEir .-If a man has * » n ii J tail ' wl * ch would be best for his personal safety -tohold , m ftv toietgo > he will m . MM ^ mst . —An American contemporary says vertisemtMt . li » iuaI P ° etrv" lhe sam & Urm asad ' the Some " o ^ V , sst 0 N - -Tne "Watchman" says that enaSrKmS l ^ ym Mi « ionary Society f or tho year hu ^ ffi iK 7 ofSr r ? ? J , ty , fr , lilh ,,, t , l 7 love-that love- a'j & 'Ki ? " ™ ld JS ™ tetml The human heart is liko a fPa , L „ . K ^ ,. n . u , handled , well shaken a XST ^ 7 -V H ° Z prevent its becoming hard . Pd to « variety of turns , to

      G ^ B ^ WS ^ North America slone produces annuall y 200 000 2 * i SROAD Hint-A gentleman presented a l ' ace . ' ollar to the ohjact of his adoration , and in a jocular way \» M « n » "i wiii e u oi » umpl * " •"" " *" ' ' ' " said * ^ French Industrial Exhibition . —There is a talk of a universal exhibition of the products of industry , ainrihir to that which took place in London last year , to be held in Paris in the course of the year 1853 . PaoroQRAi ' HY . —It is proposed to form a Photograp hies ! Society for the advancement of those depariments o £ knowledge which have received much elucidation since the aiuwuttCftment oi the discoveries of Daguerre and Talbot . Pabuambntabv . — " I think , " said a farmer , " i should make a good Parliament man , for I use their language . I received two bills the other day , with requests for immediate payment ; the one I ordered to be laid on the tablethe other to be read that day six months . "

      , Protestant and Catholic Places of Worship . —The Olmstian Spectator , " in a statistical article on the increase of places of worship in England and Wales , ahowa io ' ^ "le number ol ' Protestant places of worship built stnea ' i on ° 0 , 'S pal' *! d with the Romish places of worship built since 1820 ( five years longer ) , is as Si to 1 . fceKCULMon Extraordinary .- !! is stated that , in tha event of the Crystal Palace being taken down , an enterprising individual has offered the cent-actors tha sum of £ 5001 to be permitted to pull up the flooring , and take possesion . Ot whatever he may find underneath . A _ Phonographic Puzilh . —A commercial traveller , pnsms through Westonzoybm d , near Bridgewater , seeing s sign over the door with this one word- " Agorsqrdkbb , " he called to the woman to inquire what she sold , when aha said she did not sell anything , but that " Agues were cured here . ' Malt .-31 , 000 , 000 bushels of imilt were kilned in Great Britain m 1851 .

      Hops . —Above 52 , 000 acres of land are devoted to the cultivation of the hop in Great Britain , ThG duty of 2 d . per pound on hops annually adds a quarter of a million sterling to the revenue . .. " Mr . Hume , " sayg the " Arbroath Guide , " "has a portion of h « house Sued up for the reception of Parliamentary papers , and the arrangements is such that he can lay his hand upon any document iu an instant . Mr . Hume has nevrbeen in office ; but what branch of the public service is there upon which he is not qualified to enter aa its chief ?" Tub Human Face— " It is wonderful that faces are not more alike 1 ( said a ilecturer ); what dire confusion would ensue if fathers did not know their own children by sijjht , nor husbands their wives . On this small surface , nine inches by six , are depicted such various trails , that among the millions of inhabitants on tho earch , no two have the same lineaments . "

      Madams Milibran s Modez ,, —In her teens , Ma ' amselto Garcia bad a cracked , inflexible voice . Out of such unpromising Materials was made the great singer . She took as her ^ model the tone of musical glasses , and became so expert an imitator that bbe ofien deceived her friends , by pretending to rub the glass , and giving the music with her voice . — Cocks ' * Musical Miscellany . A Makriagic Loan . —A young man iu Barnwell , wishing to get married lately , aud not having sufficient money to pay the fees , wtote to a person as follows : — " ! humbly be § youer pa'ding for tukin-r the liberti Of rifen On this ere Matter . As I Am goen to get married on Iirismas da —tho lord S , » ear us Booth i ev taen The liberti to axe you for A trifel of 2 shilens and 6 pens to Make the munuey Hup .

      ' Pour in Knowledge gentix "—Plato observed that the minds of children were like bottles with very narrow mouths ; if you attempted to fill them too rapidly , much knowledge was wasted and little received ; whereas , with a small stream , they were easily filled . Those who would make young children prodigies , act as wisely as if they would pour a pail of water into a pint measure . Good Retort . —A Worthlkss Millionaire . —Ono of these devotees to Mammon once received a lesson from a humble follower , who did not seem to pay to him , the possessor of the purse , sufficient homage . He said , " Do you know , sir , that , 1 am worth a hundred thousand pounds ?" — "Yes , " said the irritated , but not broken-spirited , respondent , "I do ; and I know that it is all you ore tvorth . " —The , Stomach and its Difficulties , by Sir James Evre .

      Matrimonial Iiffs . —I have frequently remarked that a guest has become the paste and cement of two married quarrelling halves , because shame and necessity have obliged them to speak aud be friendly to one another , at Iea * t so long as the guest was listening . Every married lord should be provided with one or tuo guests who might come in to relieve his sufferings when the mistress of the house happened to have the devil of dumbness in her body , lor she must talk , at lmt as long as the gentlemen are present , and take out of her mouth the iron thief-apple tif sitenco which grows on the same stalk as the apple of discord . — Jean Paul Richter .

      " Bustles . "—At a pow-wow of Indians , on Columbia River , the subject of white woman ' s "bustles" was dis--cussed by chiefs , squaws , and medicine men . One squaw took a bag of feathers , tied it behind her , and imitated the * way in which the pale-faced women walk with them on . Al warrior guessed it was to each insects . Another thoughfit it had something to do with the perspiration . At . last thee old doctor—the medicine man—from whose decision theree is no appeal , gave the signal for silence , and then said , l , " That the white women bad not so good forms as the Inidian women , and that the white men were very fond of gooAd forms , and that the white women wore these bags to makete the white men think tliey were wetl-tormed . " lie tllOIl satlt down amid repeated grunts .

      Oil Gas . —A patent has been taken out by Mr . G . R . J . Booth , for a method of manufacturing gas from oil extraoteded from Banana leaves . The oil , it is said , is so plentiful andid so cheap that it can be gold at ls . a pa ' -lon . It yields a sorbrl of olileant gas . The oil is exposed to destructive distillala tion in a close vessel at a moderate heat , and it is said thana the apparatus is so simple , compact , anil easily manageded that it is well suited for single dwellings , as the manufac ' ac lure may be carried m in a cellar . The gas is declared to b > b very superior to coal-gas , and the cost to be not more thaha one farthing an hour in a household furnace . Eton Collegegi it seems , is about to be lighted with it , and many large matin ! sions have alreadv been lit up with it on an extensive scalcal

      extracts from " punch . " A History" of RoMk . —First a camp ; then a foruniuni then a palace ; then a church ; now a ruin . Sharx—What must be the state of the Protectionioni members in tbe Uouse , wh ^ n the head is Dizzy ? Goi o Great Lengths , —The longest American yarn npoipt record is the mile-and-a-half of rope which Captain Seabuibui let thes ^ a serpent out with . One Way of Effecting Silenck . —The French senatoato are not to talk . Louis Napoleon bas taken very good car cat of this , for ho has given them a Constitution not worth tal / tall ing about .

      Mvcu Apo asovt Nothing . — The Protectii > ni 3 ts an ai very anxiously asking , what tbo Ministers mean to do . W W c an give noanswer . They mean to do the country if tllGtllG can ; and if not , they will do the Protectionists . A Black Job . —If it should turn out that Mr , Di Di raeli means positively to propose a tax on fuel , he may lay t sure that in curtailing the public of their coals , he will vet vei speedily get the sack . Is thv . Nxmv . o" ? Cnxnm . —Perhaps it is wrong to Ho 11 hard upon the Disraeli Ministry ; for we shouldrecolleiolle : the legal maxim , which charitably tells us , "No Ministnist , is responsible lor its acts until it has attained its Majority rily .. A Dbspbrate Throw . —The Protectionists arc na ' ura ' ura anxious to postpone , as long as they can , the processcess throwing themselves upon the country ; for they know piw pn fectly well that the country will throw them off agi agn immediately . Cbiits fob thb Country Pautv . —Two mottoes are to e to inscribed on the Protectionist banner ; viz . —Rally rou rou tho down , = 5 s . 1—Remember your Duty . = Do . 1 I

      Thb Cabinet Economist . —If you want your bread read rise , you must ferment the country ; but it is doubtfuibtfui the attempt will succeed even then ; and at any late iate bread will turn out heavy—and , ultimately , turn ou tyoutyoui As Austrian Change . —We ate told that the EmpeSmpes of Austria , in his late visit to Venice , out of compliwipliui i to the Crown Prince of Russia , " appeared in Russian uianui form . " Then , it seems that on great occasions , 6 , » leopard can change its spots . " Paradoxes of the Exchequer-Tu g revenuederhderin from taxes on knowledge i 8 small , which seems a satueiatues the country ; but as tho imposts in themselves are heai heai the joke may rather be said to be against the govemmernmeni and yet , unfortunately at the expense of the people . ; . The Ukkikbbst cut of ALT ,.-The Earl of Derby cohy co-i refers the cause of Free Trade mm Protection ton to settled by the Arbitration of " the intelligent portioiortion the community . " Now , this is really too bad : for ,: for , - course , it is virtually excluding his friends , the ( oratorictftoncsi Distressed Agriculturists , from having any voice at all in all ice

      decision .: Hurrah for thb Road ! -A parliamentaij je tirn , e urn , i , cently published , shows that in ' , .,- . .. .,- . .... receipts on account of highways it , eudiog March 25 . i 860 , amounted t 0 . ^ UMJe ^^ j ^ a ^ Si'sssss

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), March 27, 1852, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_27031852/page/3/