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Northern Star (1837-1852), 27th February 1847, Edition 2 of 3, Page 7, ^<7 ~ ' xr^> ^ CS Wfe'r^feVl o |K^#W|; W...

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    • MORE REVELATIONS OF RUSSIA
    • CJotomal anlr fovtiQn gnttlltgmct*
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      Ftwebbum Yj. 104/. ^^ The Northern Star....

      ftWEBBum yj . 104 / . ^^ THE NORTHERN STAR . ¦ gLigl ^ ==== — ;¦ . w . ! — . -. 7

      Ibmgn Ihobememsf.

      ibmgn iHobememsf .

      **. "And 1 Will War, At Least In Wards, ...

      ** . "And 1 will war , at least in wards , ( I ( And—shouldmychancftse happen—deeds , ) With all who war with Thoughts "

      '•' 11' I Think I Hear A Little Bird , W...

      '• ' 11 ' I think I hear a little bird , who sings tueths peoplebj-and-bj will be thestronger . "—Eixoa

      Revelations Of Austria.* Ro. Vi. 1 We Co...

      REVELATIONS OF AUSTRIA . * RO . VI . 1 We conclude our extracts from this work by giving Uthethe remarks ot M . Koobbakiewicz on the late HASSAC & VB IK GALtlCIA . 1 "We have seen that tho Polish language , essential basts OOflOfnationalitv . is forbidden in the « chools , the tribunal * ^ administration , army and cburch-th . t the seignonal < eiieitate < and those of the peasantry are nidmdual-tha ttotheproprieton cannot free these peasant ! from forced 1 U Ubonr that the entire revenue of the forced labour , and lev even ni ' ore . accrue , to theimperial treasury . lomatic note of tbe 7 th

      Metternich says in his dip of IM March 1316 . that he has sent to his agents at the Germ man courts "that the Austrian government had araelioira rated the condition of the Polish peasantry who hate i pc polonism ( Poleoihum ) because it reminds them of their I mi misery-that the insurgents of Cracow and Gallicia did 1 ac aot wish to make a revolution , but a counter-revolution . " It It is of bad augury for the Austrian empire when its si grand drier Metternich is driven to defend himself by it inch diplomatic falsehoods . During no period of the I palish independent governmentbas thecondiUon of the p , peasantrvbeenlegally and systematically more unfortun nate than under the paternal government of Austria .

      The lords have a right to forced labour , but on account O Of this forced labour they pay to tbe Kaiser , under tbe h head of direct and indirect taxes , more than a hundred a and twenty per cent . They are obliged to maintain a ji justiciary , and mandatarius to levy tbe conscripts and ti taxes ou " the peasantry . The lords might virtually ren nouncethe forcedlabonr , but they cannot free themselves f from the charges attendant on tbe forced labour , and V Which absorb it to the Kaiser ' s profit . We have already < observed that there are beside ! , peasants , of whom the censti

      I Kaiser is at tbe same time lord ; these peasants - 1 tute the domains , and are called KammeroU . It is of 1 these peasants that the paternal government made nse 1 to massacre the priests and Polish nobles It is not the i peasantry of the nobles who assassinated their lords ' Fo itwastheKaiser ' s peasantry , commandedby Colonel : Benedik , and soldiers disguised as peasants , who went ' irom castle to castle murdering the Polish nobles , men , ¦ ™ men , and children , without ever having previously i eeen them , and delivered the todies to the Circles u < consideration of ten florins a heii .

      Metternich was far from supposing that Europe would discover all the atrocity and baseness of the part which tehadplayeainorganizirg the massacres of Gallicia ; he wasf & rfrom supposing that Europe would ascertain the truth of this sanguinary drama , through the disguise of official calumny and falsehood ! He no doubt thought if once the Gallician nobility were broken down and dispersed , that the peasants would return to order , and kneel , as they had previously done , to the paternal yoke Of his most Catholic majesty : his views have been frustrated , Europe has branded with all its indignation the acts of the Austrian cabinet A thrill of horror—a feeling of disgust and contempt has pervaded all hearts , and Austria has lost in the eyes of Europe the little considerthink it

      ation which she might still enjoy . We necessary to recur to a fact , which may not be sufficiently understock—we mean the part which the peasants took in the recent massacres in Gallicia . Th * actors in these 6 C » nes of horror are not properly called peasants . They belon-to thelandwehr , and had all been more or less demoralized and debased in tbe ranks of the Austrian armv At tbe first call of the administration these men , or rather bandits , fell upon the nobility , but they were driven back on several points by the real peasantry ; in general , these men armed themselves for the defence of the ' rlords but they took care tostipulatefortheabolitioa Of forced labour . Peasants defeu-ied the castle of the PrincessOglnsUa . and protected it against wretches in -the pay of the Austrian government *

      In concluding our extracts from this work the fewest words of comment will suffice . We cannot congratulate author , translator or publisher , as to the work ' s appearance , th book boking as if it had been pitchfork'd together , rather than written , translated and printed with that care which the publie have a right to expect . We have been disappointed , too , as regards the extent of M . Koubrakiewicz ' s revealments . A work bearing the title of" Revelations of Austria , " should tell ussomethins of life in Vienna , the iniquities of Austrian rule in Hungary , Bohemia , Italy and other conquered states ; and alro something of the foreign poiicv of Austria , her relations with Russia and rrusiia , and her probable designs upon Switzirland , and that true Germany not yet ' subjectedto her rule . M . Koubrakiewicz ' s disclosures are nearly wholly confined to Austrian Poland . We admit this is not bis fault but his misfortune , he , seemingly , being onlv acquainted with that portion of the Austrian

      The "Revelations of Austria" have yet to be written . . .. . Nevertheless , we welcome the revelations contained in this work , as far as they extend . We must , however , protest against two grave errors of the author : —1 st . his indiscriminate abase of the Germats ; and , 2 nd , his leanings toward Russia . The editor has done well to guard tbe readers against the latter . It would appear that under whichever of the three despotisms a Pole is doomed to live he regards that particular despotism as the worst of the three ; thus M . Koubrakiewricz is led to regard the Prussian tyranny in the light of a free and blessed svstem compared with that of Austria , and even the Russian autocracy is less hateful than the rule of the Kaiser , according to the same authority . .

      . „„ . ., , _ . Indeed , since the massacres in Gallicia there have net been wanting terror-stricken and renegade Poles to preach up the necessity of the Poles submitting themselves quietly to Nicholas and amalgujnating their country with Russia to save both from the t vranny of the Germans generally , and the perfidious cruelty of Austria in particular ! This appears to us very like jump ing out of the frying-pan into the fire . . This very week has brou ght us new evidence ol the unmitigated tyranny and cruelty of the Russian Ilutecratin his atrocious ukase for forcing the universal conversion of his subjects to the Russian church . The atrocious regulation of this ukase we

      give below . The Pole who would preach union with , or rather base submission to , such a monster as Kicholas , is a traitor , and deserves a traitor ' s doom . With all its imperfection we nevertheless welcome this work , as some addition to those stores of information , vet bv far too scanty , from which the people of this country may learn something of the unhappy condition of those nations subjected to the "three devil kings" of Eastern Europe . To the editor ( author of the " Revelations of Russia " , ) we tender our thanks for his unceasing and noble exertions to bring despotism into disrepute , and earnestly hope be may meet with all the encouragment he deserves in the prosecution of his laudable enterprise .

      » " Revelations Of Austria," By M. Koubr...

      » " Revelations of Austria , " by M . Koubrakiewicz , ex Austrian functionary . Loudon : T . C . Kewby , 72 , Mor tiaier Street , Csvendiih Square ,

      More Revelations Of Russia

      MORE REVELATIONS OF RUSSIA

      More Persecution Nr The Ttbaxt Nicholas....

      More Persecution nr the Ttbaxt Nicholas . — The Emperor of Russia has recently issued a decree , the object of which is to prevent proselytism in favour of any other religion than the Greco-Itussian . The first article declares that any person abjaring the Greco-Russian religion shall be placed at the disposal ef the ecclesiastical authorities , shall be disinherited by such of his relations as profess that religion , shall have all his tortune placed under control , and shall not be allowed to reside in the district in which his property is situated . If he returns within the bosom of the Established Church , these penalties are to cease ; but ifhe does not return within the time fixed by the ecclesiastical authorities , he is to be cited before a criminal tribunal , which cannot inflict a penalty less than that of perpetual detention in a convent , with unceasing acts of penitence and contrition . The fourth article provides that whoever shall deliver discourses , or publish writings

      calculated to cause persona who belong to the Greco-Russian Church to abandon their faith , shall lose the prerogatives of his rank , and be condemned to from one to two year * ' imprisonment . If ihe same offence be committed twice , the delinquent is to be condemned to the loss of civil rights , and to hard labour in a fortress , for from four to six years ; the third time , he is to be exiled in Siberia , and , in dddition to all this , he is to receive the knout if he belongs tothe classes subject to corporal punishment . Articles declares that fathers and mothers belonging to the Greco-Russian Church , who shall cause their children to be baptised in another form of faith , shall be punished with two years' imprisonment , and shall have their children taken from them , and educated by other members of their family of the Greco-Russian religion ; and in case there us no relations of that creed , then by persons nominated by the government . Any person preventing a member of an . ther religion from embracing the Greco-Kussian , is to be imprisoned for several months

      Si . Peiersbubgh , reb . 1 . —The Russian censorship has just committed an act of singular inadvertence . It has allowed the insertion in the Abcille du Awtf of some stanzas entitled" !* Mariage Force . " The censor only viewed them in the light of beautiful verses , of a most inoffensive character ; but , in reality , these stanzas contained the most transparent allusions to the union of Russia and Poland . The complaints of Poland were reiterated in these lines with great energy and warmth of expression . The allusions were promptly caught by the public , aud all St . Petersburgh had been enabled to read , in a journal which had undergone the ordeal of the censorship , these bold pleadings in favour of Poland , when the censorship , at length perceiving its mistake , stopped the asmbm of the paper uot yet distributed ,

      Cjotomal Anlr Fovtiqn Gnttlltgmct*

      CJotomal anlr fovtiQn gnttlltgmct *

      India And China. Tim Ovbbtasd Mali, Has ...

      INDIA AND CHINA . Tim OvBBtasD Mali , has arrived bringing news from Bombay to January 15 th . The treaty with the Seikhs was duly ratified between Dhuleep Singh and the Governor-General on Christmas-day . Sir C . Napier has been raised to the rank ofLieutonant-General , and attached to the staff of India . The Newaub Ameer Mahomed Khan , the instigator of the late disturbance in the province of Bhopal , together with two sons engaged with him in the insurrectionary movement , have been ordered to be " ^ prisoned in the strong hill fortress of Asseerghur . The ^ affairs of the Nizam ' s dominions are again relapsing into their former deplorable condition . Fresh disturbances have broken outamongst the Khondsof Goomsoor .

      NEW SOUTH WALES . OPBM . VQ OF the Legislative Cockcii ,. —On the Sih of September . Governor Fitzroy opened the session of the Legislative Council in person . In his speech he expressed satisfaction at being able to congratulate them on his first meeting on the returning prosperity of the colony . It was his aoxwus wish to administer the government on "impartial , just , and constitutional principles . " To this end he must acquire personal knowledge , and it would be unbecoming to pronounce an opinion at so early a period of their intercourse . It was , therefore , his intention to propose only such measures as wero immediately necessary to carry on the government . The estimates were the most important part of the business . As w » on after the clese of the session as possible he intended to visit several districts , including some parts beyond the boundaries of location .

      NEW ZEALAND . Thb Legislature . —The session of the Legislative Council was opened at Auckland , on the 5 th of October , by Governor Gray . The rules of Council were read and adopted . Despatches from the Secretary of State for the Colonies were presented and read , and several new bills introduced . Execution op osb of thb Natives . —The courtmartial appointed to try the prisoners taken in arms , commenced it sittings at Paramatta Point , Ponrua , onthelith of September . The first prisoner tried was Rangihaeata . one of the scouts captured at Pahatanui . bv the allied natives , on the 1 st of August . He either is or affected to be insane : he was allowed the benefit of the doubt , and sentenced to

      "imprisonment for life . On the 15 th came on the trial of a brother of Rangihaeata , whose native name is Wareaitu , and his baptismal Martin Luther . He pleaded euilty to the charge of having been taken in arms against tbe Queen , and was sentenced to be hanged , tie said he was not afraid t- > die , but regretted that he had not been shot or tomahawked instead ot being reserved to be hanged . He was executed on tbe morning of the 17 th , on a gallows erected at the foot of a low sandhill , about three hundred yards from the stockade which enclose the camp . Only about twenty European and fifteen natives were present . The prisoner walked with a firm step from the spot where his handcuffs were taken off to the gibbet , and stood perfectly firm arhile the rope was adjusting .

      FRANCE . The anxiety respecting the question of subsistence continues to be painfully felt in the highest quarters . The "Reforme" states , that wheat has again risen in all the markets in the neighbourhood of Paris from 50 c . to If . 50 c . the hectolitre . A general rise has also taken place in the provincial markets . The "Journal desDebats" states , that disturbances arose at Cloyes , in the department of Eure-et-Loire , on the 17 th instant , in consequence of orders having been issued by theauthorties to arrest all mendicants strangers to the department . Seventeen persons , men , women , and children , were captured by the police ; but when they were about to be conveyed to prison an immense multitude assembled , armed with

      sticks and hatchets , to rescue the prisoners . The sub-prefect then ordered an escort of eighty soldiers to charge the crowd , but three municipal councillors begged of him to desist . The prisoners were then released . , PitOSr . CUTIOX A > B ACQUITTAL OF TUB "NATIONAL . —Thetrial of the "National" for the publication of an article on December 18 , relative to the Montpensier marriage , came before the Court of Assizes of the Seine on Saturday , in presence of a great crowd of spectators . The charges against M . Delaroche , the responsible editor , were , first , offence against the King ' s person ; secondly , having blamed the King for the acts of his government , thus making him responsible for the same . The principal words complained of were the following : — "The occasion presented itself to realize a considerable profit ; the nrudence nf the father of a family imposed silence on

      the fears of tbe statesman , and the dowry was fingered with the secret thought that at an after period means would be found to appease the resentment et the English cabinet . " Thejury , after a short deliberation , gave a verdict of acquittal on both counts . AXKIVKKSART OF THE CftACOW INSURRECTION " . —A procession of students to the church of St . Roche , Paris , took place on Monday , when a solemn mass was performed for the repose of the souls of the Polish patriots who fell in the insurrection commenced in Cracow on the 22 nd of February last year . The mass was chaunted by a Polish clergyman who had escaped the massacre in Gallicia , and was attended by considerable numbers of Polish emigrants of both sexes and of all ages . After the service had concluded , "the students" proceeded in a body to the office of " Le National , " in the Rue Lepelletiere , to compliment the editor of that paper on his recent acquittal . They then quietly dispersed .

      SPAIN . " War to the Ksife ' . "—The Duke of Saragossa ( General Pahfox , tbe heroic defender of Saragossa against the French ) died suddenly at Madrid , on the 15 th instant , at a very advanced age .

      PORTUGAL . The Civil War . —News from Lisbon and Oporto has been received . The insurgent leaders have reassumed a course of active operations , attended with partial success . The capture of the depot at A veiro , a place within four leagues of Saidanha ' s headquarters , is confirmed . They appear also to have taken Alcaeer do Sal in the province ofAlemtejo , together with the garrison , consisting of a detachment of ISO men of the queen ' s forces , under Major Ilharco . There was a general rumour that some important places had declared for the Junta at Oporto . The position of the hostile forces was such as rendered it likely an important action would soon take place between the Condc das Antas and

      Baron Casal . By the latest accounts Casal had withdrawn his troops from Valencia and Vianna , and had taken up a defensive position on the Lima . Saidanha ' s head-quarters were still at Agueda , and one of his columns , 1 , 000 strong , was in pursuit of Porvao =, who was in the Estrella mountains . —The whole Miguelite force , under Bernardino , S 00 strong , had joined Vasconcellos , and several hundred Miguelites , the remains of Macdonneil ' s band , had found their way to Antas ' s camp , wherethey mctacordial reception . Seve al deserters from Saidanha ' s army , it is said , had presented themselves at Oporto . It appears that General Macdonnell was killed near the top of

      a mountain covered with snow , on a rugged and almost impracticable road , called "the ox ' s tail . " He wore under a surtout a portion of the uniform of a lieutenant-general . Four of his staff , being better mounted than he , escaped ; the fifth , named Lacerda , Colonel of the volunteers of JJaiao , and Macdonnell were cut down and slain , after discharging their pistols and defending their lives bravely . Macdonnell was of a Highland family , and first took service under Dom Miguel about the year 1852 . He was a wellinformed man , and had the character of an able general . Ilis attachment to the cause of Dora Miguel appears to have been the result of his ardent profession of the Roman Catholic religion .

      SWITZERLAND . The Constituent Assembly of Basle has opened the discussion of the new project of a constitution . This project , conceived in a most liberal spirit , comprises , amongst other important reforms , the abolition of all electorial census ; anew method of election , founded on democratic principles ; , the institution of a president of the grand council , as well as two burgomasters ; the faculty for the grand council to dissolve itself in great emergencies , was to allow the will of the people to manifest itself . The grand council of Geneva is still occupied with the discussion on constitutional reforms . The Austrians have established themselves ou the frontier of the canton of Ticinosoas to be enabled the better to watch the movements in Switzerland .

      GERMANY . Accounts from Hamburg complain of the dearth of provisions and want of employment . The accounts from Silesia continue very deplorable ; there is still such a stagnation in business in that province , that thousands of workmen in the manufactories are without bread , and therefore fears are again entertained for the public tranquillity . A letter from Plauen ( Saxony ) , of the 14 th inst .. says : —Among the letters returned to the bureau of the post-office , owing to their reception having been refused , and which are opened by the post-office directors , was one addressed , by a mason of our town , named llaustein , to the monastery of the Capuchins , at Prague , in Bohemia , in which he offers to proceed to Breslau and to assassinate M . Rongc , the founder of the German Catholic sect , provided the convent would pay the expenses of his jmirney , amounting to the small sum of about £ 2 . llaustein has been arrested .

      We learn from Konigsberg , in Prussia , that Dr . Jacoby , the young physician ot that town who was some time ago condemned to hard labour in a fortress for two years as the publisher of a pamphlet entitled " Five Questions , " and which the tribunal found to contain a personal libel upon the King , has appealed to tbe supreme court against this judgment , and oKained its reversal , with a decree that all the costs bf the proceedings shall be borne by the state .

      India And China. Tim Ovbbtasd Mali, Has ...

      he rntw mussux oonstituiio . i . —me iouowing is to be the division of the votes in the States-General of Prussia under the new constitution : —The states of the Princes , Counts , and Lords , will have 80 votes , 10 ot which belong to members of the Royal Family ; the States of tho Knights ( Ritterschaft ) 251 rotes ; the Cites 132 ; aad the Towns 124 ; making a total of 617 . The votes by provinces are thus divided , viz ., Prussia 130 , Brandenburg 77 , Pomerania 43 , Silesia 106 , Posen 50 , Saxony 73 , Westphalia 72 , Rhenish Province SO .

      POLAND . The Berlin Official Gazette announces that the kingdom of Poland would probably be incorporated with Russia after the session of England and France . The Rhine and Moselle Gazette relates in a correspondence on this province : —It appears to be confirmed that the principal information and denunciation of the late insurrection of the Poles in Cracow , Gallicia , dsc , came from Paris ; that the French government , and particularly M . Guizot , followed , as in the time of Napoleon , the system of espionage in the saloons , of which there are several that receive support from the French ministry , in order that the master or mistress of the house may be able to receive a great number of strangers .

      Cbacow , Feb . 12 . —General lludiger , commander of the Russian troops on our frontiers , is at present here . Large reinforcements of troops have been dispatched from Gallicia to the Prussian frontiers , and it is currently reported that the half of the very strong garrison of our town will shortly take its departure , with several cannon . Apprehensions seem to be everywhere entertained of some outbreaks on the side of Austria . We have the best authority for stating that Castiglione has given orders that all the military ia garrison here shall be in readiness to march at a minute ' s notice ; only one-half are permitted to go to sleep every night , and both the officers and men have been enjoined to observe the strictest punctuality , vigilance , and order .

      THE WAR IN THE CAUCASUS . After two years of the most perfect tranquillity , which permitted the Russians to direct their entire efforts against ScUamyl , the famous chief of the Tschetschenses and Lesgians , war has again commenced on the banks of the Black Sea and of the Kouban with the greatest ferocity . On the 7 th of December the governor of the Fort Golowiu , situate thirty leagues to the north of Suckum-Kalcb , was warned by his spies that the warlike tribe of the Ubbikhs was planning a night attack against the fort , and that at the same time the Tschigetes , commanded by Hadj-Teriko-Okow , one of the bravest chiefs amongst the Circassians , were collecting in the mountains , in order to surprise the fortress of Gagra .

      Word of this was sent to Gagra . This circumstance saved the Russians , for during the same night 4 , 000 mountaineers attacked the retrenchments of Gagfo with the greatest . fury . The fortress , which is surrounded on all sides by lofty recks , would have been certainly captured by the Circassians , if the garrison , accustomed to peace duriug two years , should have been taking unawares . . But , notwithstanding the brave resistance of the garrison , S 00 men strong , protected by artillery , the loss of the Russians was considerable . The mountaineers , not being able to scale the walls , well defended by the Russian infantry , possessed themselves of a great rock to the north of Gagra , upon which the Russians had established a post . Thence they directed a raurdcious fire against the interior of the fort , and their balls reached even the sleeping apartments of the officers .

      this position was held during two days , notwithstanding several sorties made by the garrison , which were repulsed . The want of ammunition at length compelled the Tschigetes ( the lo-t Circassian tribe to the south of the great chain ) to retire to their mountains . The attack upon Fort Golowiu took place two days afterwards . More than 5 , 000 mountaineers of the Ubbikh territory had surrounded the fortress . Although all their attacks were repulsed , the Russians themselves admit that the enemy showed more courage , boldness , and fury than on any previous occasion , aud that but foe the information given by their spies , the fort would have run a great risk of being captured . With respect to the movement ou the Kouban we have no accurate information . We are assured , hoivever , that 4 , 000 Schapsoukhes , commanded by Chora Beg , had passed the river near Ladoschskaja .

      UNITED STATES AND MEXICO . By the arrival of the packet-ship Oxford , ire learn from ihe seat of war that tho American forces had taken the city of Victoria from the Mexicans without a battle eleven a shot being fired . The occupation was effected ou Hie 4 th of Jauuiry , bj General Qiitnun aad Colonel Kinney . There seems to be some question in the papers as to the locality of this place , it being in one case stated to be the same as New Santttndur , a town ia tbe department of Tamaulipas , some two hundred miles from the city of San Luis l ' otosi , whilst another states it to be sixty miles north of Santauder , near the place where Llena is marked on the map ; nevertheless , though tht site is doubtful , tbe neivs has given a fresh impetus to tht war fever of our transatlantic friends . A frightful steam-boat explosion took place at New Orleans , on the 21 st of December , when twenty person : were killed aud many others wounded .

      The A . VTi . REsrEBS , —We announced last week ill ai the Governor of New l ' erk had . pardoned the Anti-Renters ; the following is a list of tbe pardoned : —Daniel W * . Squires , Daniel Northrop , Zera Preston , Calvan Madison , John Phueuix , Isaac L . Burhun-, John Burch , W . lteside , John lathan , W . Brisbane , W . JocyJin , C . T . McCoinber , John B . Coous , and Thomas Margan , who were convicted iu Delaware or Columbia , are pardonto and restored to their rights of citizenship . Smith A . Bouton , E . O'Connor , John Vansteinburgh , and Moses Earle , pardoned , but not restored to their rights as citizens .

      The Cracow Insukkection. Public ~ Meetin...

      THE CRACOW INSUKKECTION . PUBLIC MEETING . A public meeting in commemoration of the Cracow Insurrection of February 22 nd , 1840 , and fo . the purpose of petitioning Parliament to aid iu restoring the nationality and independence of Poland , took place on Monday evening last , ' February 22 nd , in the Literary Institute , John-street , Tottenham Court-road . The Polish national flag graced the platform , and excited the interest of all present . At eight o clock , on the motion of Messrs . Doyle and liarney , Ernest Jones , Esq ., was called to the chair .

      The Chamman introduced the business of the evening by reading the Cracow Manifesto , aad said : They say , " Charity begins at home . " So it ought ; but tbe adage does not say it is to skip at home . Englishmen are renowned for generosity ;—yes ! they are generous—to kings aud princes , whom their sub jecta have found too bad to keep in their own country . ( Cheers . ) You can pension an Ernest of Hanover , and a Leopold of Belgium ; you can subsidize a locust-swarm of Meiuingen and Leiniugen ; you can supply rich banquets at Windsor lor a murderous barbarian , Nicholas , the guest of her M . ijestv—( cheers)—you can even allow £ 100 , 0 U 0 a-year to a foreign old lady , who was kind enough to marry a king of England : can you not do something more

      than pension royal paupers ? Can you not assist a brave people in the recovery ot their riuhts' ?—not with money ; no !—the liberty of democratic Poland cannot i . e bought by gold—ft must be achieved by steel . Neither aro you called upon to fight ; no—but we do call upon you to assert your constitutional right at home , of compelling government , by the power of public opinion , uot ouly to maintain the dignity of its own treaties , and enforce , at least , some respect for England ' s honour—but , as they punish a starving child for stealing a crust of broad , thus to assist in punishing a crowned robber , who steals a nation ' s land ! ( Loud cheers . ) your selfinterest demands this , 'i'he chief spoilers ot Poland have been here . What do you think they

      come here for ? To admire our institutions , or tc intercede with the Queen for our starving population \ No ; to take a lesson iu humbug , and to give ono in tyranny . ( Cheers . ) You must quell despotism wherever you find it—that is your true interest ! Little good if you strangle it in one place , to let it rise in another . To revert to Poland—and her cause is the cause of the world—I would say a word to those poor slaves who advocate peace under any circumstances . ( Hear . ) Pe ace is the greatest blessing on earth , I am for peace as much as any man ; would to God there was not another battle to be fought ou the earth , nor a human vein to bo opened by the sword of murder ! Rut God lorbid that another battle should not be fought—or ten hundred battles be

      foughtr-if liberty cannot be gained in ai ? y other way . Peace is a costly prize , but a slave is too poor to buv it , except in the coin of battles . ( Cheers . ) Think not for a moment that 1 s : and here , bidding the Poles abandon the sword , because I , as a Chartist , breathe the doctrine of peace in England ; there arc circumstances in which it becomes the duty of a people to fight , aud wero you , Englishmen , placed in the same position as the Poles , 1 would call on you to fi ^ ht in the very streets of this metropolis ! ( Applause . ) i ' olaid 1 know will do her duty—and the object ol the present meeting , if 1 understand it rightly is , not only to encourage Poland iu her struggle , but to influence the legislative assistance ot England ; for , what Frederick the Great once said of France , ' Wuere he its king , not a cannon should be fired in

      Europe without his permission : " holds good for us and Russia , lor were England to say , " Not a Russian battalion shall tread the soil of Poland ; " were English tails to swell before the batteries of Cronstadt , the Vistula would not long reflect the column ot Alexander , ( Cheers . ) But , my friends , 1 aspiro too proudly . A British Member of Parliament was solicited to take tho chair this evening , when he asked who called the meeting ; and on learning that the committee consisted almost exclusively of working men , he wrote we were not of sulhcient influence . More shame then to those who deprived the working men ot England o the influence they ahould possess ! V » e !) lue » umo ot' thegentlomanisDr . 2 HS « Ut h - '" " t 3 ken - Tto > peopfcure the SJS ^ A Cmu l year 8 , Let WW'tego . blind its eyes , and dream of eternal poiver , Surtfy if a few

      The Cracow Insukkection. Public ~ Meetin...

      rotten potatoes can shake it to its foundation , millions ol hearty men can overthrow it for ever . ( Loud cheers . ) Yes , friends ! it is no longer a struggle ot crown against ci-own , or mitre against mitre , it is the struggle of democracy against despotism , all the J / ? j ^ er ^ Pr v'lcge not think to stay its course , for God s own agitators are hurling it onward Now every potato has tongues as well as eyes , that preach against monopol y , which made them the chief food tor man , instead of beast . They say , that famine in its commencement breeds riots , —is its continuance creates revolutions ! May God avert them—may man gain his rights without them—but ifthey do come , by lleaven ! they shall find us equal to the times . ( Loud cheers ) Then , working men of England ! 1 know you will sympathise , and more than sympathise with

      the men of Poland ; for I am proud to think this too is a working man ' s meeting ; aye ! none but they are stirring here in the cause of democracy . Surely it is not the aristocracy or middle clais . In illustration of this , I cannot refrain from reading you an extract out of the Morning Advertiser of to-day , it alludes to the establishment of soup kitchens for the poor in Ireland and here in London : — " With regard to tho metropolis , sites for kitchens are being selected , but here a slight difficulty has arisen—the inhabitants of the localities being naturally averse to witness the assemblage of the poor , the destitute , and Jhe needy , brought together to receive soup . Sites in Westminster , it is understoodwhere little or no

      , annoyance will be occasioned to the respectable inhabitants , have been selected . " ( Shame . ) This needs no comment . No wonder the green pennon of the Charter should bo stirred by those democratic breezes from the Vistula ! ( Cheers . ) They may emanate from storm clouds—be it so . Better a storm than a mildew , and though the storms may come , remember , the sun is ever shinin g beyond them—the eternal sun of liberty—and though many of us may not live to see the blue sky of victory arching overhead , when the breath of the people shall have blown away the darkness , may that sun li ^ ht some such epitaph on their graves— ' * Here lies a ' man , who did his duty well . " ( Continuous cheering . )

      Mr . CuRisiepiiitK Dovlb , who was loudly cheered , then came forward to move the first resolution as follows : — That this meeting holding in just abhorrence tho dismembtrment of Poland , and the innumerable acts of oppression and cruelty of which the Polish people have been the victims , regards the Insurrection of Cracow , of the 22 ud of February , 184 ( 5 , as a sacred manifestation ol heroic patriotism worthy of the sympathy and admiration of the people of this and every other country ; and this meeting hails the Cr . icow Manifesto as an embodiment of tho principles of Democracy , and , therefore , tbe true basis for thuse future struggles ivhich must eventuate in the victory and perfect freedom of the entire oli sh people .

      Mr . Dovlb said , —Friends , like our excellent and worthy ( chairman , I am in favour of peaceable an . l moral means to achieve tho liberties of the people , and 1 believe 1 have never been remarkable for ttdvocatinga resort to physical violence on the part of the oppressed , for the attainment of those liberties . But when I find our brethren of Poland are not permitted to meet together in smaller large numbers in any part of their native land , to make known the grievances or endeavour to peaceably obtain their redress , when 1 find that they are debarred , utterly debarred , t ' rom ., using peaceable , and moral aud legitimate means to free their country from the accu . sed and black-hearted tyranny of the Cerberusdespo ; s—then , indeed , the case assumes altogether ^ diflcient aspect ,

      aud much us I am opposed to the use of weapons of destruction , and the taking away of human life / and much as I may and do deplore the necessity of doing so , still I see no other course left open to our Polish brethren but a resort to the same means to free themselves , that have been put into practice by their execrable tyrants to uiako them degraded serfs . ( Loud cheers . ) The speaker then alluded to the Peace Society , and said he was aware that the friends and members of the Peace Society would answer him by stating that it is wrong to takeaway life even in - self-defence , and even if millions of human beings were suil ' eriug the very worst of tyranny , that if their governors were cutting them off by hundreds every day , through almost unparalleled cruellies ( as

      has been the case in Poland ) , yet the people are nut justified in rising , and , burning with an indignant . -ense of their intolerable wrongs , rush in one mighty phalanx and dash to atoms their enemies , and the cause of all their dreadful miseries at one and the same time . " The people . " say thes j philanthropists , "should not do this , because it is returning evil for evil , or murder fur murder , but they should instead reason , remonstrate , and tell their oppressors they were doing wrong—very wrong , and they ought not to persecute , prosecute arid murder them . " ( Satirical cheers . ) My rejoinder to this logic is , that the people of Poland are not al owed to exercise this just right—they are not allowed to reason , remonstrate , or tell their iron-hearted oppressors that

      they inflict wrong upon them , for they are not permitted to meet for such purpose or purposes , and therefore they have no possible , or at all events no probable chance , of getting the peaceful and moral influence ot ' a well-directed and concentrated public opinion to act upon their alien usurpers ( ciicerej ; and supposing they had , it is , to say the least , questionable whether it would induce such as the Kussian Autocrat to cut asunder the bonds which hold our Polish brethren in the vilest slavery . From what we know of the character of Nicholas and his coadjutors in infamy , it is very clear that reasonias , remonstrating , or indeed the most powerful ot arguments , would not make any favourable impression upon their minds . ( Loud cheers . ) Such , then , is

      the unhappy position and condition of the Polish people ; and if they arc to follow out the doctrines ot the men of peace , they must be content to remain slaves all the days of their Hvis , and their children after thorn . But , friends , this doctrine is repugnant to nature , and to justice ( cheers ) , so long as such a system as that which exists iu Poland continues , and the patriots of that country have proved it by making use of the only resource left them to free their father land from tho withering and life-destroying power of their haughty and inexorable tyrants . ( Cheers ) It is true they have failed iu accomplishing so glorious an object , but they should receive our sympathy and commiseration on that account , rather than our censure . ( Great applause . ) Our chairman ,

      when speaking pt the visit of the rulfian Emperor Nicholas to this country , stated tho people cheered him , and regretted they were so foolish , llu ( Sh : Doyle ) begged to differ with their eloquent friend , and to say the people of England did not raise their voices in acclamation of this man—man ! God forbid he should so far forgot himself as to call that detestable monster with a black and venomous heart , aud whose hands were red with the innocent blood of his victims , by so fair a name , ( Tremendous cheers . ) No ; it was not the honest working men ot Albion that cheered this fiend in human form . Who , then , did cheer him ? Pickpockets , swiudlcrj under the cognomen of gamblers , ami other public robbers on a large scale , who felt to a certain extent that

      he was a counterpart ot themselves . ( Repeated applause . ) Mr . Doyle next took a view of the Polish cause and showed that the democrats of this country could not advocate it , without , at tho same time , advocating their own ; tor ( said he ) what ;< re the Polish patriots seeking but the establishment of the same principles that the English democrats have been in search of for a scries of years ? The manifesto read to them by the chairman , and which manifesto they were called upon to approve by the latter part of the resolution that lwwaa endeavouring to speak to , fully b . ire him out iu the assertion . What did it breathe ? The pure spirit of genuine liberty—that the land which an all-wise Providence created for all , should be enjoyed by all ; that there ought to be no class distinctions , as they betokened , on the one hand , superiority , and on tho other , inferiority ; and that they were , therefore , the bane

      und curse of tho toiling millions ; that there ought to bo no distinction , — no superiority , but where there was superior wisdom , virtue and patriotism , and that those great aud necessary qualities were seldom lound amongst kings , p > 'inces , nobles , & c . In a word , that cumpreheifeivu tuough brief document contained ail that the most fastidious , critically strict , and thorough-going Chartist could desire , and consequently in defending the principles embodied in that tlocunn nt , —in defending the Polish Revolution of February , 181 G , under the circumstances he in the outset had alluded to , he considered he was rendering his humble aid to the causa of true freedom , not only in this empire , but all over the world . ( Loud chewy . ) Mr . Doyle eoneluded by making a tcrvent and powerful appeal to his audience on behalf of Poland , and sat down amidst the unanimous plaudits of tue meeting .

      Mr . IIenhy Ross briefly soconded the resolution . Mr . Cam , Scuapi > kh , who was received with Teat applause , supported tho resolution in an eloquent , enthusms ic and energetic speech , of which we regret not . having received a report , but which was luulcu throughout b y the applau > . e of the audience . lhc resolution was then put Irom the chair and unanimously adopted . Julian Uaiinky , who was received with loud cheers , moved the ssxt resolution : — That this meeting , considering that justice and honour combine to demand British interference in behalf of l'oland , resolves to adopt tbe following petition to Parliament : — To the Honourable tho Commons of Great Britain and Ireland , iu Parliament assembled , —

      The petition of a public meeting holden at the Seientine and Literary Institute , John-street , Tottenham-court road , tbis' 2 ' . ' nd day of February , 1 S 1 T , Sheweth : That despotic governments , foreign and hostile to th'J people of Poland , have by brute force and cruelty reduced that people of that country to astatoofslavcry und misery unexampled in the history of civilized

      nations . That this melancholy fact has been repeatedly brought under the consideration of the British Parliament , but without producing that energetic action on tha part oi the British government in bebult of tho Polish nation , which , in the opiuiou of your petitioners , justice demauds .

      The Cracow Insukkection. Public ~ Meetin...

      That tbereceutforcible annexation of . Cracow tothe Austrian empire was , in the opinion of your petitioner * , so gross a violation of the treaty of Vienna as to render that treaty no longer binding upon the several states ol Europe . That your petitioners must express their dissatlsfac tion at the course takon by her Majesty ' * advisers in relation to the confiscation of Cracow . When faitbl « s « powers , whoso only trust is ; n brute force , have to be dealt with , it is the opinion of your petitioners that acts , not words , should declare th * will of this great nation .

      That while your petitioners desiro the continuance of ! n 1 r . " 6 ™ ' 1 " 10 " ttTdel"ly Jes ^ e justice to the vnur ZL n „ ° ; they « therefore , earnestly pray OnL TJlf ., ? ° * ° address liur Majesty the Z ? Z a T- "t ™"" »•«» the govcrnmen . s of Zl V ' r Dd Pr !" ' and t 0 talte . "I * the con . currenca of Parliament , such other stepa as may be deemed most advisable towards ensuring the restoration ol Poland to the full extent of her ancient boundaries , and securing to the people of thatcountry the full power to establish institutions independent of foreign control calculated to secure the rights and happiness of the entire Polish people . And your pelltioners , & c , < tc .

      Mr . Harney said , in assembling to commemorate the Cracow Insurrection , we are not alone in offering this homage to Democracy . To-night in Paris , in Brussels , and innumerable other places , the friends of Poland and advocates of the rights of man , aro holding assemblies similar to this , to manifest their sympathy for a noble but unfortunate people , and their determination to aid that people by all the means which now or hereafter may be at their disposal . ( Cheers . ) We honour the Cracow insurrection , because it was intended to accomplish the freedom and secure the happiness of the entire Polish nation . The grave errors—to use the mildest form of expressioncommitted by the chiefs of the insurrection of 1 S 30 , are not chargeable to the account of the patriots who

      raised the Polish standard at Cracow . The insurrection of 1830 tailed , because the revolutionary cause was not committed to tho Polish masses , because the aristecraticchiefs had not the honesty and courage to arm the masses and commit themselves to a " war-to-tho knife" combat . Instead of working out the independence of Poland for the people by the people they temporised , faltered , looked toward the aristocratic government of England and the hypocritical government of France for aid , which of course was n » t afforded . The failure of the insurrection of 1830 was another warning lesson aaaina * the fatal error of making half revolutions . ( Hear > hear . ) The Cracow insurrection was a democrat ! outburst as was sufficiently testified bv the celebrated

      Manifesto , which has been read this evening . That Manifesto is an embodiment of the creat principle of equal rights and equal laws desired by the true reformers of this country . ( Hear , hear . ) Without en . forcing a state of absolute equality , the Cracow Manifesto proclaims equal political rights and social justice . It proclaims the restoration t . f the land to the people , nnd to every man rewards according to his labour and his capacity . ( Cheers . ) Under such a system the highest state of social development would naturally be the consequence of the institutions of the state . The ever advancing enlightenment of the people and the cultivation of the principle of brotherhood would before long make of the entire Polish people one great Fraternal Democracy ,

      in which labour and reward would be equally apportioned , und happiness be the reward of each and all , ( Loud cheers . ) Of course , such a state of things established in Poland would cause the people of every other land to revolt agiinst their tyrants . The mere hope of such a state of things in France shi . ok the thrones of European despots ; judge then what the realizations of those hopes would accomplish . ( Loud applause . ) Of course , such a revolution must be suppressed by any means . Louis Philippe played the part of Koyai spye and inlormer-in-cliiet , and apprised the despots of the moment when the tocsin would sound . It is to be feared that the government of this country was not altogether guiltless of taking a like infamous part ; at all events the Grahamising of the letters of the Polish and Italian exiles warrant that suspicion . ( Hear , hear . ) The Janus-faced Prussian despot one day giving his subjects a fudge constitution , and the

      next day acting the part ot jackal to the Autocrat , surprised the patriots , and succeeded in dangering the brave men whose swords he feared . Nicholas had recourse to his favourite system of terror and the knout , and the gallows did the work of cruelty and death—the only means which Nicholas condescends to employ to secure the affection of his subjects . ( Hear , hear . ) The climax of infamy was , however , reserved for the Austrian despotism . To crush the revolt in Gallicia , Emperor Metternich employed means which must consign hit name to everlasting execration , and ensure him a share in that infamous immortality which attaches to the projcctois of the St . Bartholomew massacre . ( Hear , hear . ) Men , women and children were beaten to death with flails , some had their no .- * o and enrs torn off , and their eyes torn out , some were flayed alive , some were cut into small pieces , and their flesh thrown to the pigs for food . ( Sensation . ) Amongst the women killed were several who wero with child : one woman had her

      unborn twins torn irom her lifeless body , the wretches claiming in consequence the Austrian reward for the three bodies instead of one . ( Expressions of horror . ) At least fifteen hundred persona died these horrible deaths . In the district of Tarnow eight hundred widows survived their assassinated husbands , but there were several hundred children who had been deprived of both parents , and were too young to tell their own names . By suck means the patriots were paralysed in Gallicia , and the Cracow insurgents were compelled to succumb . It is disgraceful to this age that a government which can employ such means to preserve its power is permitted to exist at all . Our priests preach against murder . Why have they not denounced these wholesale murders ? ( Cheers . ) - They tell us that" Thou siialt do no murder" is the express command of the Deity ,

      yet , dumb dogs as they aro , they have not opened their mouths to denounce this horrible massacre . ( Cheers . ) They will rave against the French Revolution , and describe tho horrors ot the September massacres , although the Parisian populace may have this said in their excuse that centuries of oppression and cruelty had brutalised them , and besides , they were excited to their terrible revenge by the horrible threats of Brunswick , and the leagued brigands of Europe . The victims too of the September massacres were the enemies and tyrants of the people , wheieas the victims of Metternich were the friends and bene factors of the people . The nob . es first butchered , and for whose heads rewards were offered and paid , were men who had distinguished themselves by their philanthropy and patriotism , and who desired to turn their serfs into freeholders . Thev were not murdered

      by their own peasants , but by bands of rulliana , who came from a distance , consisting of Austrian soldiers , peasants who had served in the Austrian army , convicts released from gaol , and such of the dregs of a population , existing more or less in every country—who are willing , for the sake of intoxicating drink and money , \ to commit anyjatrocity . Such were Metternich ' s wretched instruments , who , by their acts , have covered their employer with eternal infamy . Had our government represented the people of this country , it would immediately have declared non-intercourse with the Austrian despotism , and washed its hands of the contamination which must result from

      connection with such a blood-recking tyranny . ( Great cheering . ) Tho confiscation ol Cracow afforded another opportunity for renouncing friendship not only with Austria , but with the triple gang of tyrants . ( Cheers . ) Tho people of Craeow are wronged , and tho wrong done to them is an insult to this nation . Cracow existed as au independent state , in virtue of tho treaty of Vienna . To that treaty the governments of England , France , Spain , Portugal and Sweden were parties , as much so as the governments of Russia , Austria and Prussia . According to that treaty , the republic of Cracow was to remain free and independent fo r ever , and under no pretence was its territory to to occupied by foreign troops . Instead of this , the republic , alter

      having been repeatedly occupied by Austrian troops , has at last been annexed to the . Austrian sinks , in direct violation of the treaty of Vienna , and in contempt and defiance of the other governments . Of course Lord Palmurston protested , ami a more transparent pices of humbug than that protest was never penned . ( Loud cheers . ) The despots avow theircontcniptfurall laws and obligations ' , however solemn ; they avow that their only trust is in brute force , they brandish tho sword , and cry— "Behold our right for doing what wo please ; " they fling down the gauntlet , and cry— " Let them take it up who dare ! " And Lord Palmerston , what docs he do if lie "protests ' . " Men of England , countrymen ol Blake aud (] romwell , has it conic to this , that

      lu a hondsniau s key , With bated breath und whispering humbleness , we must content ourselves with the crawling remonstrance , the pitiful , sneaking , hypocritical protest of a worn-out dandy aristocrat ? ( Great cheering . ) When will the British people say to such contemptible rulers , Get you gone ? make way for better men ? ( Renewedapplause . ) Am" 1 asked , Do 1 wish this nation to go to war on behalf of Poland ? I do . ( Cheers . ) Gnat are the horror * of war , but greater aro the horrors of despotism . ( Cheers . ) But wo have no hope that tho present government will act thus . Why , then , do wo petition ? To show our sympathy for the Poles , to show the Government

      and Parliament that wo tiro not sharers in their criminal apathy ; mid , lastly , because by petitioning we are doing something towards informing the public mind , and preparing the peoplo to use their power when obtained in behalf of their oppressed feliowmcn . ( Loud cheers . ) It is time that common-sense men spoke out against tho twaddling humbug of tho preachers of " permanent ami universal pence . " ( lioar , hear . ) Wc aro opposed to nh wars ot aggression—wars for the acQuirciiicut of territory , or what is falsely " called " glory "—all such wars have our heartiest condemnation . Even warfare for the recovery or defence , of the rights of mm tre cegurd « s a ceco ^ ery exit , & nd

      The Cracow Insukkection. Public ~ Meetin...

      would sanction no such warfare but on compulsion llros far , we accompany the " peace" « , eu , but no further . ( Cheers . ) When they call upon us to sub . mit to tyranny , rather than resist by forcible means we will not follow them , for wo will not violate the laws of nature by repudiating that hig h and noble instinct which bids us defend ouru . lv >>* r . wrong and protect the helpless , aim < ud the weak against the wrong-doer . ( Applause . ) To preach the contrary doctrine is to preach tase submission to tyrants , and add strength to their thrones . ( Great applause . ) If the Autocrat of Russia will become president or patron of the Peace Society , and eraploy that Society ' s lecturers to teach the people of Poland the wickedness of attempting to gain their

      freedom by force , ho will do the best thing he could do to conserve his power , ( G'iitcra . ; I may bo told that the Peace Society preach not only peace to the people , but also to the people ' * rulers , and that the adoption of their principles by governments would lead to the disbandmeiit of armies and tho extinction of those means of force at present employed against the people . Granted ; but the peace nil n well know that governments , as at present constituted , will never abandon force . It is by force—aided by fraud —that the tyrants exist—therefore , the conversions , effected by the peace men , must be all on one side ; they may make drivelling slaves of the despairing many , but they will never humanise the powerful brigands who rule and flourish by the tword . ( Loud

      cheers . ) Our aim is to prepare the people tor that time ,-when , having obtained their own rights , i hey will have the power to move nationally in behalf of Poland . Let friends and foes , Englishmen and Poles , our own government and the foreign despotisms , understand us . The Democratic Committee fur Poland ' s Regeneration is not a band of coiispiiators . We ddnot pretend to offer physical aid to the people of Poland . We do not pretend to offer what we have not to give , nor to threaten that which we cannot execute . Our mission is to enlighten the public mind and piepare the Et . glish people for the time when they will bo able to asnist the Poles with all the

      resources of this great nation . ( Cheers . ) Certain parties may affect to despise us because iu their eyes we are not influential ; Dr . Bowring may refuse to consort with us , because we are not important enough for him ; no matter , tve will work by ourselves . ( Cheer * . ) We will at least do our duty , strong in the faith that our humble labours will not bo in vain , but that the hour will cume when the nations will rise to enforce justice for tiumselvesand to do justice on their oppressors ; when king , kaiser und autocrat will be for ever driven Irom the soil of free , regenerated Poland , and Poland ' s flag float victorious over every other banner in Eastern Europe . ( Enthusiastic and prolongtd cheering . )

      Mr . T . Cuiui , on coming forward to second the resolution , was loudly cheered . He said that upou entering the Hall , Having just come from another meeting , he had made up hia mind to remain a mere li-tener , but being called upon by the chairman , and having heard the brilliant speech ot Mr , Harney , he cuuJd not remain a quiescent spectator of the proceudings . He felt , as all must fed who were capable of a generous thought , that the wrongs of Poland were written on tho blackest page of European history . ( Hear , hear . J The partition of Poland originally was au act worthy of the genius who presided in the infernal regions , but although it might be said the English government were n-t in any way responsible lor that piece of villany , yet it would not bl- denied

      that they were bound , in every sense of the word , ta maintain inviolable the treaty oi Vienna . ( Cheers . ) And why had they not maintained it ? Because they were themselves akin in spiiit to those who had perpetrated theatvocitiesiuPolatid which they had heard detailed to them that night . ( Cheers . ) But it was said that tho government had " pr-. tested" against the confiscation of Cracow , and inso doin g they had discharged their duty . It was true that they had put into the mouth of the O ^ ucen , the mother ot her people—( laughter)—a statement that she had protested " against the lust act of Northern ruffianism , but how must the hue and noble feelings of the Woman have revolted wuen ,. as the Queen seated upon tho tht one of England , with tue rampant iiou

      at her feet — ( laughter and cheers ) — calling to mind the suffering and the stripes inflicted upon the tvornen of Poland , she was made to express , iu the mild blundness ot her sex , that she had " protested" against crimes which arc too infamous to think of . ( Loud cheers . ) He was no friend to war , he shuddered at the bare contemplation of it , but > vJie « he recollected what use the government had made ot the physical force of t he country at Canada —( sensation)—China and Afghanistan —( immense sensation)—he thought that more penetrating and striking arguments than u protest might have been lound lor the . Northern Bear . ( Loud cheers . ) Mr . Clai k had much pleasure in seconding the adoption of the petition , aud sat down warmly applauded . The petition was unanimously adopt al .

      The Cuairman tueu introduce ;! Mr . William Beesley , of Accrington , North Lancashire , who was loudly cheered on coming forward to move the following resolution : — That this meeting recommends the country to supper the Democratic Commitite for Poland ' s Kegeueratiun iu creating a national agitation iu favour of liritisn interveutiou iu behalf of Poland . Mr . Bkesley said he heartily concurred with all that hud been said in condemnation of the arch-deril of llussia and the despots of Austria and Prussia ; and he considered the cowardly and treacherous conduct of the Euglish government to be also worthy of the severest censure . ( Cheers . ) Above all , he denounced the parsons , wiio had remained silent while

      a whole nation wusgiven over to execution . ( Cheers . ) The parsons every Sunday expressed themselves " miserable sinners , " which everybody knew —( hear , hear)—and how they had letc undone what they ought to have tone , . and done those things which they ought not to have done —( laughter)—but they never told how the poor Poles Inut been butchered ia cold blood , or how Poland hud bum seized on and destroyed by imperial robbers and murderers . ( Loud cheers . ) No , no ; they did not tell us anything useful , they left that to others . ( Hear , hear . ) They would not tell us how much the church gormandised , or how much royalty squandered , ^! - what the bithops , archbishops , and . other so-called dignitaries cost us . ( Cheers . ) Dr . Bowring was doubtless a

      very learned man , but lie ought to have been here tonight to have given this meeting the benefit of his learning on the question of Crucow , and to have learned tue public sympathy for that gallant , brave , but unhappy people , the Pclcs . ( Great applause . ) As Dr . Buwring would not , or did not , attend to the case properly , he should give it up , and tor his ( Mr . Beesley ' s ) part , he should like to see Air . Duneombe taking the matter up with the same energy as he did the Chartist cause . ( Hear , aud cheers . ) It might be said that individuals could not du umcii , ; but a mass of individuals , hound together lor ono grand purpose could effect a great dca , more . ( Loud cheers . ) lie would nut advocate peace when war was necessary . ( Hoar , hear . ) He could not

      agree with the canters , who said , if Nicholas did evil , he must suffer in the world to conic . ( Laughter . ) No , no . If evil was committed litre , in this world Miould the punishment bo applied , and the sooner the better . ( Great applause . ) He loved the people of Poland , because they not only talked of freedom , but fought for it , bled lor it , and , consequently , deserved tliat happiness freedom would comer . lUreat cheering . ) lie hoped this movement would ba curried out . A national agitation should bo got up , which would compel tue government of this country to interfere in behalf of Poland . ( Cheo . s . ) . He suggested that the committee should send out two lecturers to agitate the provinces—one should be an Englishman , and one a Pole who should speak EnglishTh

      . e Pole should tell the wrongs of his country and the sufferings of her children , and the Englishman should enforce the necessity of British interference to crush the despots who trampled upon Poland . ( Great cheering . ) It might bo objected that money was wanting , Outlet tho committee only get their lecturers into Lancashire , and . they would at once make tho agitation sclt-supporting . Thepeople of Manchester , who had a splendid hall of their own , would receive them with open arms , and he pledged himself that he would accompany the lecturers to all the towns of North Lancashire within twenty miles of Accrington at his own cost . ( Groat applause . ) Such an agitation would make the British government do something more than "

      protest . What tho devil did the tyrants caro about a " protest , " when there was nothing behind that " protest ? " ( Hear , hear . ) When the Emperor of China wanted to save his people trom being poisoned , the English government dul uot " protest , ' * steel and bullets were tho- arguments employed to convert tao Chinese . ( Hear , hear . ) Why . did they not direct the same sort of arguments against the Russian bear ? ( Loud cheers . ) As long as tyrants existed , f '' permanent aud universal neace" was all humbug . There was no way of dealing with the destroyers of Poland but by using force , and tho sooner the vengeance of the peoplo of this and every country was directed against them the better lor humanity . ( Renewed and enthusiastic cheering . )

      Mr . Cauohlas seconded the resolution , which was ) t unanimously adopted , Mr . T . M . WniiELiia ,. who was warmly applauded , in a few remarks inuv . ed tho tuloptiou of tue " Ad- ' dress to the Democratic l ' olts , " whii-h will be found in the third page The motion lia \ ing been seconded , tho Address was unanimously adopted . Messrs . Uavkky and Whhkler having moved a vote of thanks- to tho Chairman , which was carried by acclamation , Mr . Josss acknowledged the compliment , and the meeting , which had been most enthusiastic tiaoughout , dissolved . _^»

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  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Feb. 27, 1847, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_27021847/page/7/