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Northern Star (1837-1852), 26th October 1850, Edition 2 of 3, Page 7, THE PATENT LAWS. **, meeting, convened b...

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      Lone Gough.—The Freedom Of Tho Burgh Of ...

      Barbour , and the laying of the foundation stone 2 , e Wood Asylum for Mariners . Extensive prepaations of a most complete and admirable nature jad been made , with the view of imparting a fitting flat to the celebration . The arrangements were jnade conjointly by the magistrates of the burgh and the trustees of the late Sir Gabriel Wood . Full aiasonie honours attended the ceremonies in ootn ases , Sir Michael Shaw Stewart , the Prormeua irand Master , presided , while , in tha case 01 tne Octthe claims of the istrates and council , as

      , mag the representatives of thecommunity , were duly retognised , and an important part ^ Jf ? ^™ .. " thf business , the rellitive provinces of the two bodies fcein ^ adjusted in the most amicable manner . Appropriate addresses wewdelivcred at the ceremonies , ind the ceremonials of laying the last stone of the Docks and the first of the Asylum will be long rejnenihered , not only by those who took a part therein , but by the eoMitiess numbers who attended to fitness them .

      October26, 1350. The Northern Star #

      October 26 , 1350 . THE NORTHERN STAR #

      Jreianu.

      Jreianu .

      The Potato Crop.—The Farmers, In All Dir...

      The Potato Crop . —The farmers , in all directions . » re ' *& " >§ advantage of the present fine weather , to dig out and secure their potato crop , tfu ' cb , in genera ! , is yielding far bttter than had leen anticipated . Kerry , and perhaps one or two other counties , form lamentable exceptions rbur , faking one district with another , the crop of the present year will be sufficient to supply the markets st moderate rates during the winter and spring . The Ifl ght ceased altogether about the middle of September ; and , although the tubers are small in many gelds where the growth had been stopped , the loss hy disease does not , on the average , exceed a fourth , and the produce of sound potatoes may he considered abundant in some districts , and very satisgctory in the aggregate .

      The Irish Rouax Catholic "University . —The Soman Catholic prelates , forming the permanent committee to arrange the preliminaries for the erection of a university in this country , held a meeting * a Thursday last , when committees and sub com-Biittees were appointed and secretaries were named . the sub-committee , consisting of Archbishop Cullen and several clergymen and laymen , are to address circulars to all the clergy of the United Kingdom , soliciting donations and subscriptions , as well from themselves as from others through them ; and

      the same sub-committees are to prepare "an address to the several nations of Christendom calling on them to aid the present effort of the Catholics of Ireland . " It was also resolved that " a sufficient cumber of clergymen be appointed to make collections throughout the Catholic world . " A subscription list was opened at the meeting , when several bishops , and archbishops liberally subscribed . The total amount already subscribed is about £ 2 , 000 . including £ 100 from Vr . Biauconi ( celebrated for his improvements in travelling by cars throughout the country , ) and a similar sum from other laymen .

      The Freeman says : "Missionaries" will visit the country—the several continental states , America , the British colonies—all lands in whieh learning and catholicity are valued—and lay before the sympathising inhabitants the case of Ireland—the rescripts of his holiness—the project of the university—and appeal for tbe support requisite to carry out an undertaking important , not to Ireland alone , hut to the irhole catholic world . Redcciioxof Rests . —The movement ia slow , tut gradually , landlords , in most parts of Ireland , are conceding a re-adjustment of their rents , generally in prof ortion to existing prices . It is a great misfortune that this salutary and equitable arrangement has been so long delayed ; and that , even still manv landlords endeavour to hold by the old rents ,

      or rather the name of the former rental . ' The Wexford Independent mentions that Lord Carew , the lieutenant of the county , has made an abatement of ten per cent , to such of his tenantry as shall have paid one year ' s rent on or before the 31 st of December nest ; and that his lordship offers besides " a tonus of 10 s . per Irish acre for every acre on which green crops ( potatoes excepted , ) to be consumed on the farm , shall be cultivated , and shall lave received the proper attention during their growth . " Emigration . —The tide of Emigration is continued as vigorously as ever . From Kerry cons iderable numbers were proceeding to Cork and Limerick , to embark for the United States .

      John O Coxsell aud the Repbesextation of Limerick .. —The Limerick Chronicle contains the following significant hintsrelative to the representation of Limerick : — " We understand that Mr . John O'Connell , MP ., in his reply declining tbe invitation of our worthy Mayor , to the meeting of last "Wednesday , pointedly referred his worship to his published address to the constituency ^ written nearly twelve months ago , tendering his resignation , and calling on the citizens of Limerick to elect another representative in his stead . He adds , that the reasons which induced him to adopt that step , in place of being removed , had acquired additional force since that per iod , and with those his declared views before the constituency , no blame ought to attach to him for absenting himself on the occasion . He further states , he has no intention of going over to attend

      Parliament in the ensuing session , and thathe hasnoinfluence whatsoever with <; overn < i . ent , and consequently could render no assistance to our fellow-citizens , on a subject of such deep and pressing interest as the establishment of the Transatfaotic Packet Station at this port . It is quite evident from the tone of his letter that , independently of the private reasons which appear to actuate him , that on public grounds Mr . O' Council fee ' s sensi bly the injustice and impropriety of leaving so large and important a city as Limerick any longer insufficiently represented ; and we believe we only speak the sentiments of nearly the wholeconstituency in declaring , that the time has arrived when the honourable and learned gentleman ought to be permitted to consult his own feelings , on a subject on which he has now again so clearly and emphatically declared his wishes . "

      Advances to Purchasers in the Escumbered Coukt . —A wealthy firm in the city of Dublin , embracing capitalists and land sgents , are about to offer advances to purchasers in the Encumbered Estates Court , on the half-credit system contemplated in Sir John Romilly ' s Security for Advances Bill . -The New " Parlumestaby Constituency . —The clerks of the Poor-law Unions throughout the country have made returns to the clerks of tbe peace , of all the rated occupiers who have claims to vote under the 2 < ew Franchise Act . The following details fmm one county—that of Louth—are from an authentic source . The present i-umber of registered electors is

      320 . The occupiers rated at £ 12 and upwardsamount to 1 , 923 , making a gross total of 2 , 243 ; but there must be a deduction of sixty-two for deaths , making a net total of 2 , 181 . The number of objections to he decided at the registry before the assistant barrister is eighty-two . At the last contested election for Louth , in 1311 , the number of electors who voted ; ras 805 . Since that time the constituency has dwindled down to 320 . Even if all the objections should be allowed , the constituency under the new law will conaderably exceed 2 , 000 . Louth is one of the smallest counties in Ireland . The qualified electors under the Franchise Act will exceed 200 , 000 .

      Operatiox of the Poob Law . —The unjust and Oppressive working of the Poor-law , in connexion with the clearance system , is described in a remarkable statement in the Ballinasloe Star . An electoral division call a . Kiliimor , in the Loughrae union , formerly assessed at ten or eleven shillings in the pound , is now subject to the mere fractional rating of fourpence in the pound . It appears that there have been extensive clearances in Kiliimor , where "farms desert and waste , and honsesrooflessandinrnin , startle the passenger at the rapidity in tbe work of depopulation . " Othtr electoral divisions , however , containing towns aud villages into which the evicted tenants thronged for shelter , are still very heavily taxed ,

      the rates averaging from three shillings and tenpence to five skiiluifes in the pound . Athenry pays three shillings and eighlpence , while ihe rural district of Baford pars tut sixpence in tbe pound ; Kilchrist is chargid with three shillings and tenpence , while Moyode is rated so I w as jcvenprnce . The Ballmoslli Star remarks / that" the tenants on the Moyoce e ? tale were evicted , and Kilchrist adjoins Moy . ide . The eleetoial divisions of-Denylaur , Marble Hill , Lonshrae , and Woodford , each pays five shillings in the pouud . Thus ( continues that journal ) the process of cos sulidation cf farms , and of the poor—not on the farms , hut in the jurroundinsj towns—goes on , " to the ruin of the struggling traders and shopkerpers of the towns .

      Death o ? William Blacker , Esa . —The death Mr . Blacker , the ersinent agriculturist , took place on Sunday , at his residc-. ee in Armagh . Mr . Blacker while agent of the Gosfrrd estates , wrote several essays on improved modes of agriculture . Refkal Association . —The usual weekly meeting washeldonNimday ; Mr . w . p . O'Connor in the chair . Mr . John O Connell handed in £ 10 from Waterford , ai : d utiered a quantity of extravagant eulogy upon the donors . The remittance was accompanied by a patriotic epistle of considerable ler . » th for which the writer apologised . "Mr . O'Conntli said it was unnecessary to do so , and observed that if any other genth man wished to write a long letter he had only to send it with £ 10 to that hall , and it would be read and cheered , no matter how lone or prosy it mi ht be . The rent for the week was announced to be £ 18 15 l 7 d .

      He-commencement of tde Sams ix the Excombehed Court . —The sales in this court , which had heen interrupted during therecess . re-commencedon Tuesday , before the three commissioners , Baron Itiebards and Messrs . Longfield and Hargreave The entire amount realized by the sales on Ine * ' day was £ 49 , 425 . The Xew Law ArroiNiMEXis .-Mr . Monahan . tho late Attorney-General , was on Tuesday sworn in before the Lord Chancellor as Lord Chief Justice of the Common Pleas . At the same time Mr Hatchell took the oaths as Attorney-general , and Mr Henry James Hughes was sworn in as Solicitor-General . iSLrf ? ' ! . 2 ^ ^ been a PI » inted to the fficeof clerk to the Attorney-General .

      The Potato Crop.—The Farmers, In All Dir...

      Cruelty in the Ennisttuon Uwoir . —An official inquiry , by direction of the Poor-law Commissioners , has been m progress in the Ennistymon union , respecting the conduct of officers in that union , and the death of a pauper boy named Denis Kerin , who was found dead on the road between Ennistymon and Miltown . Emigration from Com . —The Cork Constitution says : — "Twe steamers , belonging to the Cork Steam Ship Company and the other to the Citv of Dublin , left on Saturday for Liverpool . Both

      vessels were crowded with emigrants , there being no fewer than 1 , 000 males and females taking their departure . So dreadful was the rush to get on board , that the officials of both companies had to employ a number of men , with heavy sticks in hand , to beat off the crowds that attempted to rush on board , appearing evidently as if they were flying from a plague . "When the vessels were leaving the quays , the shrieks from tho hundreds of the relatives and friends left behind were piercing , and continued until the vessels were nearly out of sight .

      Riot and Two Soldiers "Wounded . —Monday eveing between five and six o ' clock , a riot of an alarming character , and followed by serious results , took place in the neighbourhood of Trinity Church , in Belfast . The origin of the affray is not known , but it appears that between the hours stated three privates—two of them of the band of the 39 th Regiment—left the public house of a man named Maguire , in which they had been drinking , to take a walk with some friends on the Crumlin-road . They had not left the house more than a minute or two , when cries of " murder" were raised , a crowd collected , and in a desperate struggle which ensued two of the soldiers—William Tucker and Robert Hopwood—who had received several cuts on the head , with a saw or hatchet , were lifted from tho ground in a state of great weakness from loss ot blood . The persons suspected of having committed the brutal assault are workmen in the employment

      of Mr . Carlisle , builder . It seems that they were just finishing their labour of the day , and were leaving the yard with the instruments of their work on their backs , when angry words passed between them and the soldiers . Who committed tbe first assault is , as in all such cases , a matter of dispute—one party asserting that a soldier struck a carpenter on the face , without having received the slightest provocation ; and another maintaining that the carpenters first insult * dthe soldiers . After the * f § r < tk c- > rJi-- ? . wi £ -Tari sf Mr . Carlisle was surrounded by military , * ns L *& sase up to the rescue of their companions , and the picket , which had been sent for , arrived from the barracks , and made prisoners of four men , who , amidst the greatest excitement on the part of the populace , were taken to the police-station . The wounded men were at once taken to the General Hospital , where the injuries they had received were promptly attended to . —Banner of Ulster .

      Tbades Unions . —Preparations , it is said , are in active progress for there-organization of the Dublin Trades Union .

      Robbery At Southend. At The Rochester Se...

      ROBBERY AT SOUTHEND . At the Rochester Sessions , held before J . 'Espinasse , Esq ., Recorder , and which terminated on Tuesday , Edward Moss , aged 32 , and John Jones , 24 , were indicted for having , on the 30 th of July last , stolen two gold watches , a silver watch , three silver guard chains , a whistle , and a cashbox , containing gold and silver to the amount of nearly £ 50 , the property of Mr . William Claydon , landlord of the Royal Hotel Tap , Southend . Jane Yeeles , aged 25 , committed on suspicion of having been implicated in the robbery , but who effected her escape from the station-honse on the night of her committal and had not been recaptured , was also charged as an accessary before the fact . —Mr . Roso , in opening tbe ease for the prosecution , said that about the middle or latter end of June , Jane Yeeles , in

      company with a man who passed as her husband , another man named Jones ( not the prisoner , ) and a boy , occupied apartments at the prosecutor ' s house , having a room close to that ot the landlord . Having stopped at the prosecutor ' s house for several days , Yeeles and her companions left . On the 30 th of July the prisoner arrived at the Royal Hotel Tap , about two o ' clock in the afterm on . They went into the sitting-room , having first ordered cigars and brandy and water . They soon afterwards asked permission to go up stairs to wash their hands , and were shown into a bedroom adjoining the landlord ' s . They then left , and went towards the shrubbery—a public walk close by the house , and shortly afterwards returned and partook of more liquor . They ordered tea to be ready at

      halfpastsix , of which they heartily partook , saying they were afraid they should be too late for the boat . They again asked permission to wash their hands , and then left the house , having previously ordered a bed , saying they should be back about nine o ' clock . They never did return , and were not seen again by prosecutor until they were taken into custody on the present charge . Mrs . Claydon , on going to bed at about one o ' clock the next morning , found one of the drawers broken open , the cash-box , its contents , and the several articles mentioned in the indictment gone . The prisoners , it would be proved , were seen to leave the pier that evening at about seven o'clock , by the steamer , in company with Jane Yeeles ,. who , at about two o ' clock in tbe afternoon of that day , was seen in

      company with the prisoners , who went towards the Royal Hotel , whilst she proceeded to the Grove , close by , where she sat for about a quarter of an hour , keep ' ng a watchful eye on the house . Between five and six o ' clock in the evening she was seen going towards the pier , having something bulky in her arms . He should prove that they arrived at Sheerness together ; that the prisoners went to a slopseller ' s together and purchased oilskin caps , leaving their hats behind them at the Hit or Miss public-house , where they slept that night . On going to bed one of them gave the landlady ten sovereigns to keep for him , and the other had about ten or twelve sovereigns in his possession ; they paid they wished to be called about five o ' clock the next morning , Jones saying they were

      land surveyors , and were going to survey land in order to decide a bet . Fext morning the two prisoners applied to Stephen Hogben , a postmaster at Sheerness , of whom they hired a chaise ; he drove them to Chatham , where they treated them lo dinner and wine , and paid him thirty shillings in gold for the hire of his vehicle . Hogben having heard of the robbery , suspected all was not right ; he asked them which way they came to Sheerness ; they looked confused , and said it was nc business of his . He then detained them and sent for a police constable , when Moss tried to make his escape . On him was found £ 15 in gold , and on Jones only 8 s . in silver , hut he had the identical whistle belonging to the prosecutor , which would be positively sworn to by him . With regard to the watches , Mr . Rose said Jane Yeeles was seen the same morning on

      Sheerness pier , bavin ? a basket on her arm , She was taken into custody on board the steamer , but the basket which she bad but a few minutes previously been seen with disappeared in a most unaccountable manner . The cash-box , which would also bo identified , was found by a soldier concealed in a drain leading from the barracks . These were the circumstances and facts of the case— " Facts are stubborn things "—and there must , he said , indeed , be great ingenuity on the part of the learned counsel who had been retained for the prisoners to rebut such evidence as he was instructed he > hould be able to lay before the jury . The several witnesses were then examined , who fully bore outthe case as stated . —The jury recorded a . verdict of Guilty against both prisoners . They were sentenced to be imprisoned in the House of Correction and kept to hard labour for two years .

      Borough Gaols.—It Is Declared By An Act ...

      Borough Gaols . —It is declared by an act passed in the last session that great inconvenience and expense have been found to result to cities and boroughs having or providing and maintaining at their own cost gaols or houses of correction , from the necessity of committing to the common gaol of the county in which such city or borough may be situated , for trial at the assizes for such county , persons charged with offences committed within the limits of such city or borough . The act provides that prisoners may be committed , to borough gaols for trial at tbe assizes , butior murder the commitment must

      be as heretofore to tho county gaol . Prisoners commitcd to borough gaols are to be removed to borough gaols previously lo trial , and may be removed back a ^ ain to undergo the sentence . With respe ct to boroug h prisoners committed to county gaols , it is enacted that where no special contract is subsisting , such expenses and all other expenses which may be incurred by such county in respect of every such prisoner shall be paid by the council of ' such city or borough to the treasurer of such gaol or county . The act came into force on the 11 th of August , and extends to England and Wales . ' m

      Steam to MAtmmus . —Tbe Mauritius papers , by the overland m :. U , reach to the 23 rd of August . The Question of steam communication had at length become public , and a committee appointed to consider the question bad not concurred in the offer to establish a line vm the Cape . . The financial position of the island continue satisfactory . For the first half year of 1850 the revenue was £ 1 ^ , 000 , and the total expenditure £ 110 , 000 , leaving a balance of £ 35 , 000 . _ , „„ , Successful Reduction of FARES .-Some weeks ago a considerable reduction was made in the lares for short stages on the Tynemouth branch of the York , Newcastle , and Berwick Railway ; the change has hitherto worked well both for the public and the company . The number of passengers has very largely increased , and the receipts are now greater than they were under the old system .

      Mistaken Identity . —A most extraordinary instance of mistaken identity recently occurred in Scotland . A Cambridge student , travelling through Glen Tilt , accosted the Duke of That Ilk as a gentleman . —Punch

      The Burglary Ingthe Regent's Park. There...

      THE BURGLARY INgTHE REGENT'S PARK . There can be no doubt whatever that two out of the three burglars who escaped ( for the man in custody , who gives his name as William Dvson , and who was knocked down by one of the under coachmen with the pitchfork , has , it is understood , admitted that there were four in the affair , ) are wounded , one severely , and it is fully believed the other fatally . It is the opinion of medical men who have seen tho hat found near the spot , that the bullet , from the direction of tho hole in the rim , must have struck tha forehead of the wearer , and nearly the whole of the remaining portions of the charge have entered various parts of his skull . Such being

      the case , it was impossible he could survive any length of time . It is quite clear that this wounded man must either have been conveyed , or must have staggered through the shrubbery towards the iron ra ! lirij : abutting on the 'park on tho south-eastern side , for a track of blood , on examination has been found to be visible , and not only the iron railing , but even the pallisading of the enclosure of the park is smeared with blood , where the parties either got or were assisted over . The other man , who was fired at by the coachman , is believed to be seriously wounded in one of his hands , for a person has been found by the police , who states that he was passing round the outer circle from Gloucester-gate , in the direction of the Zoological Gardens , about two

      o clock on Monday morning ; last ( the time of the discovery was twenty minutes to two ) when he saw a man with his hand bleeding in a shocking manner , and , on being asked what was the matter , he said he had been "bitten by a dog . " Shortly after another man was seen by the same party with the blood streaming profusely from his head , and without any hat , and a cab was in the vicinity , into which he got . There are other circumstances in connection with this affair , and what took place in reference to tbe cab , in possession of the police , but which it would . not be prudent at present to publish , as it might defeat the capture of the surviving delinquents . It was at first supposed that the man shot might have been conveyed away and thrown

      into the canal , or have been in some other manner disposed of ; but the last-mentioned circumstance entirely does away with that impression . From information , however , which the police have received there is but little doubt the man wounded in the head is dead , and that his death took place on the 17 th instant . The party in custody formerly kept a lodging-house of a rather questionable character on the Surrey side of the water ; and there is strong reason for believing a medical practitioner is in what is called in thieves parlance " the swim . " Should the presuraption . be correct , fear is entertained that he-may , under the provisions of the Registration Act , give a certificate that the man has died of inflammation or some other disorder ,

      and the body he interred without further inquiry . It behoves , therefore , tho registrars of deaths m the various districts in the metropolis to be on the alert , and look well to the medical certificates of death , and if there is any suspicion , to give immediate information to the police of their district . There can be no doubt but the burglars had well matured their plan , and that they had a knowledge of Mr . Holford , who is an American merchant of unbounded wealth . The plate was no doubt the ohjecs of the burglary , and a cab being observed in the immediate vicinity , there is reason for believing that , had they not been disturbed , that vehicle was

      destined to receive the booty . It is due to the officers , Lockerby and Mason , who are acting under the orders of Mr . Ferguson , the superintendent of the S division , to state that they havo been indefa > tigable in their exertions to trace out the perpetrators of the outrage , and there is strong reason for believing that they have so far completed the chain of evidence , notwithstanding the refusal of the man in custody to afford any information , that but little doubt remains that all parties concerned will soon be in the hands of the police . The daring character of this attack , perpetrated as it were in the midst of a populous city , continues to attract numerous persons to the premises .

      RE-KXAMINATION OF TUB PRISONER . Monday being the day appointed for the re-examination of William Dyson , an unusual degree of interest was excited at the Marylebone court , and on the arrival of the government van at ten o'clock , bringing several persons who had been remanded upon other charges which had been gone into in the course of the preceding week , the vehicle was so completely surrounded as to render it a matter of some difficulty for the police-constables in attendance to make their way with the accused through the crowd ; upon his being conveyed into the outer office he was placed in one of the cells , where he remained until the night charges had been disposed of . Captain Ryder Burton ( a friend of Mr . Holford ) ,

      and who mentioned to the magistrate ; Mr . Broughton , the fact of his premises having , within the last two or three weeks , been broken into , and a carriage belonging to bm carried off , which vehicle , however , he fortunately recovered , was in attendance , as were also many other gentlemen of high standing in the vicinity of the Kegent ' s Park and other parts adjacent . The whole of the night charges , which were of an unimportant nature , having been disposed of , the prisoner was placed at the bar . He seemed very low-spirited , and much more pale and dejected than he did upon the first examination . —Mr . Broughton ( to tbe prisoner ) : You are charged with having burglariously broken and entered the dwelling-house of Mr . James

      Holford , and taken away part of an ormolu ornament and other property . ( To Lockerby 18 S ) : What further evidence have you to give in this case ? Lockerby : None , your worship , at present . We wish for a little more time , in order to afford us an opportunity of apprehending others . —Mr . Broughton : Has there been any reward offered ? Lockerby : No , sir . —Inspector Champneys remarked that , from certain circumstances which had already transpired , arising out of the activity and judicious management of the officers employed in the case , the Commissioners of Police were desirous of having a remand . —Lockerby said ho had no doubt that others connected with the prisoner would be in custody in a few days * one of them had , it was quite certain , been severely wounded , and he must

      have obtained the assistance of a medical man . The double-barrelled pistol with the spring bayonet attached , with which Mr . Paul , the butler , armed himself , was produced , as was also the hat left behind by one of the burglars , supposed to have been killed . The articles alluded to were examined with much curiosity by several gentlemen who sat near the magistrate . The Magistrate had some conversation with Mr . Paul and Lockerby in an under tone , and , from what transpired , it was deemed necessary for the ends of justice , without going any more into the matter at present , to remand the prisoner till Monday next . He was then removed from the bar , and , on the arrival of the van at six o ' clock , was conveyed to the House of Detention . A great crowd had assembled to witness his departure .

      Court-Martials At Bomday.—The Court-Mart...

      Court-Martials at Bomday . —The court-martials recently held at Cawnpore and at Simla , on Lieutenants Rose , Huxham Litchford , and Goodbridge , have terminated . The following statement of the results are from a Bombay paper . —Lieutenant Rose , of the 3 rd Regiment Bengal Native Infantry , who , it will be remembered , sought the protection of the civil power on being threatened with a horsewhip by Mr . Lang , tho proprietor of the . Mofussilite newspaper , was arraigned upon five charges , of which the pith was embodied iu the first and fourth . The first charge was , " In having at Simla , on the evening of the 24 th of June , 1850 ,. falsely stated , in the hearing of several persons , that at a ball which had been recently gisen at Simla , Mr . John Lang , editor of the Mofussilite newspaper , was'intoxicated , and dressed in a ' shooting-coat , " of which he was acquitted ; as it was clearly proved that the said John Lane was in the condition described . The

      fourth charge , was , ' In having ; at Simla , oa the 1 st of July , 1850 , applied to the civil power to provide him with an escort of police on his way to the court , to protect him from the violence of Mr . Lang , and in having availed himself of such escort in proceeding to the court , be being an armed military man ; bis conduct herein displaying a want of spirit unbecoming an officer in . the army . " Of which Lieutenant Hugh Rose was found guilty , and sentenced to be reprimanded ; a punishment which Sir Charles Napier inflicted in mild but pungent language , following up his observations by remanding Mr . Rose to his regiment , whereby this officer ' s staff appointment hns become vacant . The trial of Ensign Iluxhani at Cawnpore was concluded on the

      20 th of August . His defence took much the same line as that of Lieutenant Litchford with respect to breaking his arrest , his- injured honour being the plea . It is surmised , from the very brief deliberations of the members of tho court on the two cases , that both Ensign Huxham and Lieutenant Litchford have been sentenced to dismissal ; but if ever there were instances in which the Commander-in-Chief was warranted in exercising the power of commuting punishments , we fully believe the prisoners recently brought to trial aro deserving of his fullest consideration . Another court-martial arising out of the Lang-Rose affair was held on Second Lieutenant Goodbridge of the Bengal Artillery . He was honourably acquitted .

      Fool or a Physician . —The writer who has used this expression is Dr . Cheyne , and he probably altered it from the alliterative form , " a man is a fool or a physician at forty , " which I have frequently heard in various parts of England . Dr . Cheyne ' s words are : " I think every man is a fool or physician at thirty years of age ( that is to say ) , by that time he ought to know his own constitution , and unless he is determined to live au intemperate and irregular life , I think ho may by diet and regimen prevent or euro anj chronical disease ; but as to acute disorders no one who is not well acquainted with medicine should trust to his own skill , "—flota and Queries . . The South Devon Railway Company lost £ 3 Gi , Q 00 by the atmospkeric experiment .

      The Patent Laws. **, Meeting, Convened B...

      THE PATENT LAWS . ** , meeting , convened by the parties composing ' The Inventors' Patent Law Reform League , " was held on Tuesday evening at Anderton ' s Hotel , Fleet-street , for the purpose of explaining the objects of the association , and adopting an address to ihe Queen , praying for an adequate ; protection of inventions . It was announced that Mr . Hume , M . P . i had been invited to take the chair ; but the honourable gentleman not presenting himself , Mr . J . Ellis , the chairman of the " League , " was called on to preside .

      Mr . J . d . Mahon , the secretary , read a report from the provisional committee , stating that they had consulted many persons interested in the progress of manu-acUvre and art , who were generally of opinion that no adequate protection was afforded by the Provisional Registration Designs Act of last session , owing to the way in which it had been mutilated in committee . This had led to the formation of the League in August last , who sought , by elicit , ing a strong public demonstration , to secure such an alteration of the patent laws as might afford adequate security to inventors .

      The Chairman said that individual members of the league had taken steps as early as May last in support of the object now sought . Their cause had been advocated by the press generally , in particular by the Morning Chronicle , and one or two other of the daily papers . It would no doubt strike foreign visitors with the utmost surprise , when they came to London next May , to find that our inventors , and especially poor men of genius , who had produced many valuable machines now in operation , had been absolutely neglected , and had had to battle with all the difficulties arising from inadequate means . Mr . Townley , a poor inventor in the metropolis , finding that the late act protected designs only , and not inventions , wrote to Prince Albert on the subject , and received the following answer : — " I am directed to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 22 nd

      inst ., addressed to his Royal Highness Prince Albert , on the subject of the means to be adopted for the security from piracy of unpatened machines which may be exhibited ; and I am to call your attention to No . 8 of the' general conditions , ' which is herewith inclosed . The subject , however , is one of much difficulty , and is now under the considers , tion of the Commissioners . " It had been proposed as a half-measure , that some step should be taken giving security to inventors for one year , or until a patent could , be taken out ; but he was convinced that nothing short of a thorough reform of the existing patent laws would meet the necessities of the case . While the capitalist bad ample security for his money , and for the interest which it would bear , was it not monstrous that a poor man could not call his invention his own unless he could expend £ 400 on a patent ?

      Mr . Rice , who was described as " au inventor and patentee , " and who stated that he was the " founder of the London Inventors' and Mechanics ' Society , " moved the first resolution , which was in the following terms : — "That the great event of the Exhibition of the industry and inventive talent of all nations has prominently exposed the many defects of our patent laws , and the non-fulfilment of the promised protection of original inventions thereat , render it expedient and proper for those who are

      thereby withheld from exhibiting , to consider and enforce by all legal and available means the institution of reasonable patent laws , and thus remove this slur from the Exhibition , and secure a permanent industrial benefit to society at large . " ^ In proof of the want of information on this subject amongst public men , he stated that he waited on Sir De Lacy Evans , M . P ., to solicit his support , and found that he was not aware of the enormous cost of patents for England and for Great Britain . ( Hear . )

      Mr . James Wkston , inventor and patentee , seconned the resolution , and pointed out the hardships of the existing laws . Mr . A . Campbell said the law in this country ought at once to be assimilated to that of France , where , as was stated by the Morning Chronicle a few days ago , complete protection might be secured by a poor inventor for an outlay of about £ 8 . ( Hear , hear . ) The terms were equally favourable in Prussia , Austria , and other countries in Europe . In a letter which he had received from Mr . Wyatt , one of the secretaries to tbe Exhibition , that gentleman stated that the subject of security to inventions would be considered by the Royal Commissioners at their next meeting ; but it was not probable they would meet before Nevember . He was convinced that the re dress of the existing grievance must come from the people themselves . ( Hear , bear . )

      The resolution was then put , and unanimously agreed to . Mr . Ward , inventor , moved a resolution declaratory of the defects of the existing patent laws , and of the delays and expense which were engendered by the legal tribunals . He chiefly dwelt on the latter point , observing that if a patent cost only 5 s ., the expense of maintaining it through the present legal processes would of itself be ruinous . Patentees were constantly exposed to infringements , and the first step in defence cost the poor patentee £ 200 . He ( Mr . Ward ) had experienced these difficulties ; he had had to proceed in Chancery , and had been occupied five months in examining witnesses in that

      court , owing to the systera pursued of daily hours and half-hours . He had had to go through all this though the party proceeded against made no defence . ( Shame . ) The case occupied five , yes , and nine months ; and he had to pay £ 1 , 400 as costs , though he gained his cause triumphantly , and though there was not a shadow of pretence for the oppositionthe case being at last decided in an hour . ( Hear , hear . ) He believed his opponent , who was an enormously rich man , would never have given in but that his health had suffered from the vexation caused by the suit . ( Laughter . ) At present , a patent simply gave a right to go to law ; and hence a poor patentee was frequently ruined .

      Mr . Camfin , of the Patent-office , Strand , seconded the resolution . He said the material difficulty in the way of obtaining a patent , even where the inventor was prepared with the money , was the great risk of its being lost by the inventor not deriving any beneficial interest therefrom before the date of the specification . It was clear from what had been recently done by the Legislature , that they were quite disposed to reduce the exorbitant cost of patents ; but he anticipated very little benefit from this alone , as , if a patent were ever obtainable for nothing , other parties would be the more easily induced to take out similar patents , running the risk of infringement . ( Hear , hear . ) So imperfect were the present means resorted to by the courts for deciding on controverted patents , that he imagined the juries must frequently have recourse to the process of " tossing-up . "

      Mr . Lee said he had a valuable invention which he was determined to keep in abeyance till an alteration of tbe patent law took place . A further resolution suggested that it would be highly beneficial to British and foreign inventors and to society at large , if international arrangements could he made to assure to inventors protection in all countries for all inventions approved of by the authorities of the Great Exhibition . It was resolved that a petition , formed on the foregoing resolutions , should be addressed to tbe Queen , and a committee was appointed to wait on Sir George Grey to make arrangements for its presentation . The proceedings were closed with a vote of thanks to the Chairman .

      Chaxoe For A Sovereign.—At Schauffhauscn...

      Chaxoe for a Sovereign . —At Schauffhauscn there were , as usual , many Englishmen , who , also as usual , had a growl about tho monies and the hotels . " I have been making myself practically acquainted with the currency in a way of my own , " said Smith , junior . "How so ? " inquired ono of the group oi' travellers who were gossiping on the subject . " I changed a sovereign , explained our hero , " at Ostend ; and then changed what I got for it in Prussia ; then changed that in the duchy of Nassau ; and that again in the free city of Frankfort ; and so on repeated the process in Baden and Bavaria—in fact , in each separate jurisdiction through which we passed . There it is , " said Smith , as ho suited the action to tho word by empting tho contents of his experimental pocket upon the table . The exhibition looked very unpromising , certainly .

      The glittering twenty-shilling piece left at Ostend was now represented by as ugly a collection of dirty , worn , counterfeit-looking jumble of silver and copper as ever an Israelite counted out in tho Jews ' . lane at Frankfort . " Count it up , " said Smith the younger . " Very good , " said the German , and he be » an . " Five francs—ten— " said Smith . " Stop , " said tho German . " Swiss francs and French francs are different things—different values , i will tell you the worth of this heap . ' Ho went to work to tell them over , and stated the result in batzen and rappen . " And how much is that worth in English sterling coin ? " asked a bystander . " Just fourteen shillings and a penny farthing , " replied tho German . " What shrieked Smith . " Fourteen shillings and a penny farthing English , " repeated the German . — Diekins Household Words .

      How To Usb The Land. Oar Readers Will Re...

      HOW TO USB THE LAND . Oar readers will recollect Miss Martineau ' s interesting and valuable Jotter to the Guardians of the Guiltcross union workhouse , detailing the result of " a small attempt at farming , " undertaken with a view of showing how " a certain amount of labour waiting for employment can be best made available . '' This letter , and a second on the same subject , have just been published in a pamphlet form , under the title of "Two Letters on Cowkeeping . ' ' In a brief preface Miss Martineau states , that

      "the attention o ^ citcd by tho appearance of tho first of these letters in a newspaper has compelled its publication in a separate form , and tho continuation of tho subject in a gecond letter . At a time when events are directing many minds to tho consideration of the value and proper uses of land , the experience of the humblest cultivator may be of service ; and I am therefore not ashamed of putting into print the results of as small an experiment as can well be made . " Tho following is the second letter : — Ambleside , Oct . 5 , 1850 .

      My dear Sir—I promised lo report progress when we had had experience of another season of our farming plan . I came home yesterday , after an absence of nearly three months ; and I think I can . not do better than tell you precisely the state in which I find my farming affairs . I related to you , last January , that we had in great measure maintained two cows , and supplied ourselves with vegetables for the table ( except winter potatoes , ) from less than an acre and a quarter of ground . Of this ground , three quarters of an acre were grass ; and grass and hay are such expensive

      food for cows that I should not devote any ground for their growth , but for other considerations—such as the view from the windows . We ascertained , finally , that we maintained a cow and a half on our ground , and tbaf ; the purchase of what was needful for the other half maintenance of one cow was made well worth while by her milk and manure , and by our having stall-room for her , and a pair of hands to wait upon her . Still we felt that we should like to feed our two cows wholly at home ; and Robert again and again hinted tbac be should like to take in half an acre from the next field . The

      good fellow said nothing , and , I am persuaded , thought nothing about an increase of wapes for this additional work ; but I need not tell you that I thought of it . He is to have his cottage rent-free henceforth , in addition to his 12 s . per week , for the year round . We considered that another halfacre would set us at ease completely , and raise us above our close dependence on good seasons , and other accidents . The owner of the land could not sell it ; but he has given me a ten-years' lease , of it ; and there it is now before my eyes , with six tons of cow-food upon it , besides a goodly asparagus bed , some grass , and a portion where we mean to try a growth of lucerne .

      The land was in bad condition—overgrown with obstinate weeds . A great slice of it is injured by the growth of a row of five ash trees ; and it is impossible to drain it effectually , from there being no sufficient outlet ; the proprietor of another field , which lies cornerwise between mine and the river , not thinking proper to drain his own , and thereby closing up mine . In consideration of these draw , backs , I have my half acre on the low rent ( as it is considered here ) of £ 1 15 s . a year . The fencing

      cost me scarcely anything , as I had nearly enough of the best kind of hurdles : I had only to get a gate , and . two more hurdles . I hired the strongest and best spadesman I could obtain ; to whom I paid £ 2 10 s . for digging tbe half of the new piece . Robert dug the other half . I may observe here , that the men seemed to work alike—paring off the weedy sod , burying it deep and upside down , and digging heartily . But , a few weeks afterwards , it seemed as if a line had been drawn across the half

      acre—Robert ' s portion being almost aa clean as at first , and the other man ' s greenish with weeds . So much for the quality of the labour . I laid on four tons of well-rotted stable manure , and half a bag of guano ; the two costing me £ 1 16 j The whole expense-the fencing , digging ( which is a thing done with ) , manuring , and rent—is already repaid hy the first season ' s produce . There can be no doubt of the next season paying the full proper , tion of Robert ' s wages , as there will be no hired spade-work , and little or no purchase of manure ! Under the ash tree we grew vetches , as the soil

      was not deep or good enough for roots . Where the manure had stood to rot , we got some very fine cabbages . There are now Swedes of four ages , Belgian carrots , and mangold wurzel . I have just got JRobert to weigh some of our produce—not picking out the very largest . It must be remembered , too , that the cabbages will go on growing another month , and the turnips and beet two months longer . The cabbages weigh 241 bs each ; the turnips ( scraped of roots and soil ) , 1 libs ; and the beet and Belgian carrots , each 2 § lbs . I do not mention these weights as anything wonderful , but as giving you an idea of what our produce is like .

      Another year , when the ground is mellowed and loosened , we confidently expect to raise ten tons ol food on the new half-acre , in spite of the ash-trees . We have now , as I said , at least six . In the hay house is above a ton and a half of hay , cut early enough to he fragrant and -fine , in preference to being heavier and of inferior quality . We cut our bay a month earlier than most of our neighbours . I think it was on the 20 th of June . Well ; on our other plots of ground we have at least two tons . On the whole , I should say , we shall have ten tons ; and our cows consume eight in the winter , from crop to crop ; so I consider that , if our roots keep well , we are provided till the spring . We have potatoes for six weeks after our autumn vegetables are done , and plenty of celery , cabbages , cauli .

      flowers , & e ., & c . It really amuses me , on going round on my return home , to see the quantity of cabbages pricked out for an early spring crop . Wherever there is room for a cabbage to grow , there one puts up its head . The seed-beds seem still full ; and as fast as we clear a foot of ground , there goes in a cabbage . We find your Norfolk seed the best for the earl y crop ; and the heavy Scotch cabbage for what we here call the back end of the year . " A terrible and really extraordinary flood , which occurred last February , cut off our early crop of cabbagps ; and some of our neighbours have no be . lief that we can raise them in this climate . We mean to persevere in trying , however ; and if we fail again , we have food enough for next spring ; so that our minds are easy .

      This was our worst disaster since we began . Let us see what our other drawbacks have been . We have partly failed in our first great potato crop . The rot destroyed a few ; but a greater mischief was done by our putting them between the rows of cabbages . The cabbages grew so much larger than we expected that they half stifled the potatoes . We shall know better another year . We have only a six weeks' stock , instead of a three months ' . Then , both the calves this year are . hull calves , and they will not sell ; and it would not answer to us to fatten them . 1 find that cow calves are down to

      1 / s ., so that calves are not what they were . Again , we have not managed our fowls well . I find them now all moulting at once ; and I suppose they will all begin to lay at the same time . We must see about having a succession . It is difficult to get broods here . The cats and the hawks make terrible havoc ; and we actually have not a chick this year , abundant as eggs have been . We have now a stout netting over the poultry yard , and have introduced some improvements , so that we hope our specimens of the pure Minorca breed may multiply , I think our list of misfortunes ends here .

      The pasture is Robert ' s pet , and it is , to be sure , in fine condition . ' Thinking in his bed , ' as he says , ' he devised a contrivance ( of tbe cost o ( 4 ' s . 6 d ., ) by which the liquid manure barrel is made to shed itSgOontentslike a water cart ; and the grass grows thick and rich , compared with last year , though Robert expects a good deal of improvement yet . He is now going to try his hand upon a wheat crop , on a plot which has grown roots for two years . W e may as well try , now we have a little more space to turn ourselves in . The bran and straw will be very useful , and we shall see what we can make of the grain . If we succeed , I suppose we shall grow nearly a quarter of an acre of grain yearly , turn and turn about . You see that , exclusive of the patch of pasture , we are now feeding our cows , and supplying our own vegetables , from less than an acre of land .

      I find the cows now yielding more than their average—twenty-five quarts daily . As we are now keeping two pigs at a time , and as milk is more abundant in the neighbourhood than it was when we began , I believe we shall henceforth make a greater point of the butter , and leas of the milk . We shall skim more closely , and give the milk to

      How To Usb The Land. Oar Readers Will Re...

      the pigs , instead of selling skim milk , which is as good as what I used to buy for new . I hear a good character of cocoa-nut-fibre mats for the cows to lie upon , and I think of trying it . It is difficult to manage the litter of cattle that have been brought ' up to roam the fells , and eat whatever they see . We have tried a variety of litter , but they ate everything—P . ven brackens ( fern )—till , last autumn , Robert bethought himself of ( living them a bed of dry leaves . Those they did not eat . And now they may soon try again . As yet , however , scarcely a leaf has changed on the trees : so late are the seasons here ! I find our two pigs growing , fat . The meal they are having h the

      only article , except a fevt grains for the fowls , we have had to buy , since our crops began to ripen . They cost 15 s . 6 d . each ; and will sell , When fflt'ed , for ( I suppose , in these times of cheap meat ) about £ 2 14 s . each ; that is , they will weigh about twelve stone ( for we do not make them excessively fat ) , at 4 s . 6 d . a stone . Not that I mean to sell the whole . Five quarters are bespoken , and I shall keep the other three for ourselves . . I believe they will have really cost me nothing . Robert wishes for a quarter , as he did in the spring . His

      wife cures it admirably ; and they can always sen the ham , and enjoy the bacon . I really wish yo * could see how these good people , whom you put in the way of this new life , enjoy everything . I find them now so well and merry , that it is delightful to see them . Robert has been sending money to his old father—a large sum for a working man . His wife has had abundant employment in taking U washing all the summer . When I came home to breakfast this morning I saw something flying along behind the trees ; it was Robert , with two monstrous

      cabbages in his great barrow , full of joy at their weight . I must tell you that , since the publication of my first letter to you ( by some means unknown to me , but not at all to my regret ) there have beea large numbers of persons , saany from distant counties , to see my ground , and the man who tills it . Early and late they have come ; and they have said enough to turn a vain man ' s head . All this has happened since I left home . I find Robert not only un spoiled , but not at all occupied with his fame , bu *

      wholly engrossed by ms pursuit . He listens as earnestly as ever to any suggestion about our short " comings , and about any methods of improvement * He was very clever when he came ; he is much cleverer now . He could not possibly be more industrious ; but he is in stronger health , and in glorious spirits . His pretty porch is grown over with roses ; and there are climbing plants about bis walls , and balsams and geraniums in his window . You may be satisfied that all is right with them ; and a great satisfaction I know it will be to you .

      1 think this is all I have to say at the close of our second season . Believe me , dear sir , truly yours , Harriei Martineau .

      The Miners' Conference. (Continued/Rom T...

      THE MINERS' CONFERENCE . ( Continued / rom the Mar of October IWi . ) Wednesday Morning , October 16 $ . The Conference assembled this morning , at nine o ' clock , when the roll was called by the president , and tho minutes of the previous day wore read by the secretary , and confirmed by the Conference . The following laws were then passed : — 6 th . —That if any county , not organised , wish to borrow a lecturer or agent for a short time , then tho organised counties shall bear an equal share In the travelling expenses and wages of such lecturer

      or agent . Application in this case to be made to the general secretary , Mr . Thomas Weatherley , Cock Inn , Head of the Side , Newcastle-upon-Tyne . 7 th . —That the secretaries of each organised county , and those counties who may become so shall hold regular correspondence with each other , detailing the condition and position of the organisation of their district , or any other circumstance connected with the same , such as strikes , reduction of prices , & c ., so that each delegate meeting may know the position of the other counties , and that the name and address of each district or county secretary be given for that purpose , viz . : —

      Lancashire and Cheshire , —Charles Meadowcroffc , Astley-street , Duckenfield , Cheshire . Northumberland and Durham , —Martin Jude , Cock Inn , Head of the Side , Sewcastle-upon-Tyne . Nottingham and Derbyshire , —George Goulder , Bobbers Mill , near Nottingham . Staffordshire , Warwickshire , and Worcestershire , —William Daniells , Forge Hammer Inn , Bilstonstreet , Wolverhampton , Staffordshire . 8 th . —The Conference to constitute a court of appeal in all cases of general import , upon which there may be a difference of opinion between any of the members , or where the general laws have been infringed or wrongly understood ; but all questions , if possible , must be settled by the district delegato meeting , and only when they cannot be fairly decided by tho latter , to be taken up by the Conference , whoso decision shall be final . In all cases of appeal to Conference , as above , the parties losing

      to bear all expenses ; both parties to deposit the respective amounts , previous to hearing , in tho hands of the general treasurer . 9 th . —That districts may exchange lecturers , and by mutual agreement to bear the expense of tho same ; each lecturer , so desired to change , to be informed of the relative wages and other matters connected therewith , before such change is made , but each county to guarantee the wages of their respective lecturers . This exchange to be from Conference to Conference . lOth . —That in order to diminish tho expense of Conferences , commensurate with the welfare and safety of tho Association , every organised county shall not be allowed to send more than one delegato for every 500 members ; but that a county in the infancy of its organisation may send a delegate , it being distinctly understood that each locality pay its own representative or representatives .

      11 th . —That the Conference take up all questions from the counties or districts , bearing upon the general affairs of the Association ; such questions to be sent to the general secretary six weeks previous to tho Conference meeting ; the same to be printed , and form a programme of business for the Conference ; one copy to be forwarded to each lodge or colliery , that their votes may be taken thereon , and instructions given to their delegates in accordance therewith , before they go to the Conference , and that every delegate come prepared with the opinion and instructions of his district . 12 . —That the National Association take no cognisance of strikes , nor encourage them in any way . ; but in case any county or portion of a county shall havo been obliged to cease work legally , according to the county regulation , then the general secretary shall do all that lays in his power by writing and

      distributing hand bills , to persuade the other miners not to come near until such attair is settled , and the workmen all employed again at tho placo whero there were on strike , or in the neighbourhood ; but be it understood , that all districts or counties where such strikes exist , pay for tho printing , carriage , «& c , of such hand bills . iS . —That at each Conference meeting tho books of the Association shall ho audited , and if found correct , to be signed as such , with the names of the auditors attached ; any discrepances to _ bo made good or otherwise accounted for at the time . The secretary to have tho books posted up at the meeting of the Conference , and to produce vouchers for all monies paid away , and a proper receipt bo given for all monies received from tho districts or otherwise .

      Afternoon Silting . Tho Conference re-assembled at half-past one , and proceeded to business . After discussing their usefulness and importance , the following general laws wcro passed . 14 . —That tho next Conference be properly advertised in the newspapers most circulated in the mining counties , and that all districts pay their equal share of the expenses of the same . 15 . —That this Conference recommendtho various mining counties to endeavour to emancipate themselves by the adoption of tlio principle of Home Colonies and Co-operation as a means of perpetuating tho society ; and also strongly recommend all lecturers and officers of tho association to often bring the above important subjects before their respective lodges or collieries , and to draw their attention to its benefits .

      It was then resolved : — 5 th . —That 400 copies of the minutes be printed , and that the type of tho address , preamble , objects and general laws bo kept up , so that such can be printed separately from tho minutes of Conference , and that as many copies of the general laws be printed as each district order , and also that a proportionate number be printedjfov districts not organised , such to bo paid for , in the first instance , from tho penny general levy , and to bo repaid from the entrance monies of now members , and payment for cards and rules . ——Adjourned . Thursday Morning , Oct , 11 th . The delegates met again this morning , at _ halfpast nine o ' clock , for the despatch of business . The minutes and resolutions of the previous day

      W he 7 t ^ Miners' I > aper (^ ) , was -j ^^ gS appeared a general wish to agam P ^ . ^ ultimately it was reso ved . to ^ imp 0 rtrnoe and proper light , and ^^ Kho men ' s minds . " Tho usefulness of the . same UP »» *™ '" fcltawlMi ^^ Sfcr ^ c ^ close its , , * ' ^^ tSaK « S 3 ly calling thematton-^ / tho who e of the mining districts of Great S ^^ S imjUtivencceBsity of , as soon as

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Oct. 26, 1850, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_26101850/page/7/