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Northern Star (1837-1852), 25th October 1845, Edition 2 of 4, Page 5, Fatal Accident on the Rtveb.—On Friday a...

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    • Qx tttmti*, mental, & Mqutete
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      — ~T~ Which Is Doomed To Replace That Sh...

      — ~ T ~ which is doomed to replace that share ™ arKct „ ~ . .. loom depresshn " -iSt \ iccev" PKOsrEBin ¦ rfjd g frce trade mcasurc 3 ab 0 > ¦ « £ ^ Ui ^ * . *^~* ; 1 ,, e S - ^ rs- and thei r measures- hav e not yet been 3 iinis « . crs , » . ^^ hiter The | iM _ subjected t «^ SKmt : awL *« stall te ready day isaPP * j | me sJxmoaths henee with those to compare noi „„„ ,,. * „ - r , ™ , ,,-, ;)„ tni-iff ki < to conip . " ^ tJwt sir EoBEBI ' s free trade tariff has

      Wi rribated to our comfort , happiness , and greatness . c 0 - 4 l ;« is a point in abeyance . Speculation Meantime , this is a p " * T- .. Mi * t at present is worse than useless : for ° lulB JJJ ^ . of tfcat "fair trial" which was asked in the a : '§ , would be unfair to condemn , and for the scheme , it » ° 1 P „ ^ nfoir to full ? approve . * fnc the determined abolition of the duties ^ Lg ^ e importation of foreign grain , Lord ^ tcllls the farmers of Dorsetshire ; - the of such

      dlcss to argue policy or impolicy a It is n ee ^ ra ther be wise to consider in what way clia ng 6 ' i * ^ . force of nu i i table blow . The * . * «> eal of these laws would be destructive ; the eUd aboWw * - « f tUem wonlu he less ir -j urious - Y « U jgradual * ^^ J 00 inent > the power to offer such terms ; laVl ! ' - -no cer tainty that you wiU retain it much longer , factual prosperity must come to an end ; and then *¦ " * .. 3 JJUftfa jful pressure of commercial distress , with * b bsfiiity on the one side , and the indifference on the i f tin ; great political chiefs , will leave you inau t , of eel ** - - -lifficulty , altogether without a refuge or Tie advi ce here given ia well -worthy of being followed . Argument on the question is at an end . The minds of all parties are made up : and as both of

      the great parties have coalesced , " the ulow of JtETEAL is inevitable . " There U now aeu onl y the question of « rais . If the fanners are wise , they will in stantly make " terms" with the workers of all sorts , and be thus prepared to prefer "terms" to the ministers whicli shall effectually break the force of that " inevitableblow" to all parties likely to suffer fr om it , if not foiled . Those terms must be an EQUITABLE ADJUSTMENT of rents , tithes , ealarjes , fcnsions , allowances , and the national burden

      in thc-shape of mbt , with power to carry that adjustment into effect . These measures , with the Mafcaad Hop taxes , and the abolition of all excise duties , will enable tlie farmers to meet the foreign growers of corn in the British market , andcnahlethe artisan-producer to purchase their home-grown food . Hut a Repeal oi the Corn-laws without these "terms , " « r with less "terms" than these , -willindeed "be destructive . " It is for the farmers to say how they will act .

      U Beaten? & Corosponimus

      U Beaten ? & Corosponimus

      3e Agexts, Subscribers, And Readers.—For...

      3 e Agexts , Subscribers , and Readers . —For ^ ome time after our location -in the metropolis , we were inconvenienced by having the paper -machined away from the printing-office where it was " set . " This arose from the machines we lad at Leeds having to be removed and re-erected . Touch disappointment to the readers was the consequence , both in bad printing and late arrivals . Another cause of delay was in having the printing and publishing office so wide apart . Letters intended for one place were constantly sent to the other ; and all the arrangements we could make did

      not prevent mistakes arising from this source . This has determined us to-concentrate our operations . The printing machine is now at work in our own office ; and we have further determined to publish there also . Iu future , therefore , the " setting , " printing , and . publishing of the Star will be done under one rocf . This will involve no change to the agents and subscribers , only in the addressing of their -communications , aud the greater punctuality with which their orders can be attended to . All communications must , therefore , in future , he addressed-as follows - —

      Orders for the paper and advertisements , to F . O'Connor ,-Esq ., 16 , Great -Windmill-street , ^ Haymarket , London . Communications for the jiaper , io Air . Joshua Hobson , Editor Northern Star , Office , 16 ,- - Great AVinamfll-street , Hay-market , London . AD orders for money must be made payable to Mr . O'Connor , at the Cnarina-cross Post-office .

      U Iseasr , Btceseeacr Jue» -Diaxe Phomot...

      U iSEAsr , BtCESEEAcr jue » -DiAXE Phomoted by tub Paesest IIabitations or the Working Class— "We take tlie following letter from the Tidies : Sir , —The great interest taken latelyia icvestlgaiin ** - the sources . ol disease anion- ; the poorer classes of the population his shown the necessity of extending throughout the -Country the wholesome laws , regarding drainage an J ventilation , formerly confined tothelinuU of certain towns , audi am happy to see that the Government are . anxious to promote , as much as . possible , this very desirable enactment . Still , a great deal remains to be -done to prevent tlie formation » f disease by overcrowding . ihe apartments inhabited by the poor , each room being usuaUy occupied by one , and in some situations by more than oue family . In the prosecution of my

      ptofesston the following strong evidence of this evil -of overcrowding- has lately ccme under my notice . — A family , consisting of father , mother , and sis children , the eldest a girl aged 13 , weieliving in one small room , in a neighbouring court ; this reoni , although on tho first floor , is incapable of proper ventilation , from the circumsteuce that the court is a ad de sac ; the consequence is that most of the children are seriously affec : ed br scrofula , which must beasourceof suffering to them i * -. af ter life , and the youngest has just expired , worn out b y the impossibility , through mesenteric disease ; ofderirwgnourishmeut from Usfoodjfour months W-kewise , the chhuren were each in turn seized with -scarlet ferer and measles , both dbesEes existing at the same time in diff reritsubjeets . Tie father , a farrier ,

      . has worked at the same forge for many years , and the children are brought up with more attention to education than is Usually paid by persons of this class . Thereat of tlieir tingle room is Sj . a-week , amounting . to £ 13 a-year , a sum amply sufficient to provide a cot-. ¦ age of considerable size in the . country . Removal . to a more open situation would do much towards restoring these children to health , but the difficulties of ifeiiug tliis are very great ; mauyHouseholders deeline to admit in to their bouses families with many chil-. dren ; even a single child is frecpiuutly objected to , whUe in Ibis family five StiU remain . From this difficulty it arises that those individuals who most re « uire pure air

      in abundance are the most deprive 1 of it ; their consti-. tntiaas are impaired , disease- of a inoet injurious nature is set up , audJife itself freoujutly terminated at - an earl y age . This ie a lamentable statecf things ; yet at prevails , more or less , in all the towns of . this kingdom , to the shortening of life to an enormous extent , . and to . the destruction ofproper moral feelingsin many -eases . Can nothing becone to prevent this J Can no society . be formed to provide wholesome lodgings at a-easona de rates for the poor ? While millions are Mug spent upon railroads , surely a little might be afforded , to relieve the necessities I have attempted to describe .

      _ ' X . W . J . JIeEMMAS , 1 LJ ? . Bcoot-street , Grosvenor-sqi * a ^ Oct . 18 . Cosnmos or Bjumobd WootcoaBEBs . — Harieg - may . be considered a degree of practical experi-_ ewe « SWta B the situation of the Woolcombers of ^ ?/ * w g ° Ue 0 f tU 3 i * ° ay myself , I have . no doubt . that you wdi a « ow mto J ' in their ; grievances , . and ike shameful coEdition in which thev . are placed . I do not feel disposed to play the editor j by pliilwopbiswg on the circumstances of which I - , complain , knowing weOI that y 0 tt are pevfectlv . capable of aaalysimjilie facts which , with your perl ^ mission , I s & all » ow / ay before your readers . In the £ course of the last week I have visited some of the most a jSlthy and wretched abodes that the mind of man can

      £ . conceive , in which misery of the lowest description was I fe / sonified . In a portion of this town caUed the Leys _ there are scores of wretched hovels , unfurnLshed and , jnwentilated , damp , filth y ia the extreme , and surj rounded by stagnant pools , human excrement , and t everything offensive and disgusting to " sight and * smell / ' 2 fo sewers , no drainage , » o ventilation . Xothing to be seen but squalid wretchedness on every £ sld ^ aud the features of the inmates show forth a j perfect and unmistakable index of their condition : aU - this is to be seen in the centre of this wealthy emporium of the worsted trade . Bags , filth , and the most buiniiiating wretchedness seem to be the order of the ( lay , . j How often are the intelligent and benevolent portiooirf the inhabitants to appeal against this state of things ? Have some of the wealthier

      classes grown so completely sordid , and given them . jEelves so entirely to the jrership of ITammon that not pn ) y the physical and moral condition of their fellow-£ ref £ ures cannot rouse them from their lethargy , but that a regard to the health and life of themselves aud families cannot lift the scales from their eyes ! The fianatory £ omnrittee of this town have published two T *?» 'J * s An si'ich the condition of the' jroojeombers

      U Iseasr , Btceseeacr Jue» -Diaxe Phomot...

      have been clearly and explicitly set forth , and although the greater portion of cases detailed in the first report might raise a blush on the cheek , and excite the contmisfcration of those who have the slightest claim * to humanity , yet , in tho words of the poet there is "Beneath the lowest depth a lower stiU , " ' This morning my attention was drawn to the condition of a family resiiiing in a place situate on the jianchester-road , dignified by the title of Albion Square ; at the entrance of this square are several good-looking cottage bouses , under one of which is a single cellar , twelve feet hckno the surface . I entered this horrid den , and could not perceive a « y occupant , owing to the darkness of the place , but in the course of a minute I beard a low moan , as of a person suffering from bodily pain . I advanced along the floor saturated with rain water , which rolkdiu torrents from the door , and recognised a female form laid on what it would be a shame to term a bed . I questioned her , and found she bad been ill for some time . I asked whether she

      was married , and found that she had a husband and five children living ( ij ¦ with her in this miserable hole . On looking round more closely , I beheld some wretched , half-naked children huddled together , I resolved to see her husband , and after some delay he came . He told me he was a woolcombcr , that lie had worked in that cellar until his health was so completely undermined that he was compelled at last to go and work elsewhere ; his health was still bad , and he had applied for several cottage houses , but could not get one , because he was a troofcomoer . The woolcombers are blamed for their

      immorality , insubordination , irregularity , « tc , & c . Sow , sir , who are to blame ! Perhaps these few lines may come under the notice of parties whose consciences will give a response . One tiling must be clear to all . The present mode of woolcombers being compelled to work in tlieir Vedehambcrs causes the proprietors of cottages to decline aetiplhtg litem as tenants , they are consequently forced to occupy such filthy and unhealthy holes , as I have endeavoured to describe . What is the remedy for this degrading state of tilings ! The ebeciion op Shops roa Wooixojibees ! Yours trulv .

      George Wuite . "Divine" Justice in Leicestershire . —We take the following from the Times . *— ' The Xcicesfer CnronieU reports what it justly cal : s a "bard case , " tried , or we should rather say , disposed of , at the late Quarter Sessions . Two young men appealed against a magistrate ' s conviction . The charge against them was that of having stolwi some app . es from a garden . T key came provided with a host of witnesses to prove that they were elsewhere at the time of the robbery . This defence was either true or false ; but instead of inquiry whether the accused were guilty or innocent , they were treated as gui / fy and sentenced to six weeks ' imiirisonmt-iit , with hard labour , because they had , in their notice of appeal , through their attorney ' s mistake , called tlie convicting magistrate John Dudley , Esquire , instead of the Reverend John Dudley . The effect of

      this decision is , that because Mr . Dudley is a divine J . P ., therefore the men stole the apples . Had he been an esquire , they mig ht have established tlieir innocence , if they were innocent- and if , in addition , they bad the means of proving it—a by no means necessary accompaniment . " John Voxm . o , Edinburgh . —The trade price Of " The Purgatory of Suicides" is three fourths . We have not any Stare for October 11 th . Mrs . Lancaster , Warefield . —The reason of the Stars not being sent on September loth was , the person who should have packed them , in Windmill-street , mislaid the cover for those to "WaUefitld , and also those for Mr . T . S . Brook of Dewsbury , and Mr . Liddle of Preston . This mistake was not found out till the Wednesday following , when the covers were brought to the office in the Strand .

      StcESEiTY or Sasatobt Hefohsi is the Tower Hamlets . — -In the street in which I reside , there exists a most abominable nuisance , in consequence of some of the houses not "being provided with a proper receptacle for the night-soil , and other filth , which the occupiers are necessitated to pump out into the street , three or four times a week , where ' the nuisance often accumulates opposite my door , mid there remains frr days . This nuisance is believed to be the cause of much of tlie sickness that bas latterly prevailed in this district . The stench is at times so great that it is difficult to breathe . Now this is really too bad , for when the offensive stuff has been floating before my own door , I have frequently pointed it out to the police , who admit tlie nuisance , yet think they have no power to

      interfere , take no notice , and it still remains unabated . I wonder how long it would be allowed to remain before the residence of some of the royal paupers who have . areecntly cut so conspicuous a figure in resisting the jKiymentof poor rates . Be it remembered I and my ¦ ne ighbours pay all -rates . Having complained to the police and collector of the sewers rate without redress , -I see no other mode-of removing this crying evil but anpehling to the press , in the hope that it may meet ¦ the eye of some of-the philanthropic gentlemen who . are enquiring into the sanatory condition of the metropolis , that they may be induced to compel the owners of ' property to reform this abominable aud -mischievous nuisance . By inserting this you will confer -i favour on yours , & c , J . Shaw . —24 ,

      Gloucester-Street , Commercial-road ^ ast . Mb . T . M . Wheeleb and nis Balance Sheet . —In the Xnthsrn Star of October -tth we inserted the balance sheet of the Co-operative . Land Society , as furnished by -Mr . T . M . Wheeler , the secretary . In the Star of the -succeeding week Mr . Wueeler made it matter " of com-; . plaint that mistakes had occurred in the account of monies from "Ashton , Barnsley , Bolton , Carrington , 'Dewsbury , Lambeth , Xamberhead-grcen , Mottrara , ^ Northampton , Nottingham , Old Basford , Oldham , Ratcliffe , ltoiherhani , Sheffield , Somers Town , Wheeler ' s . list , and the Whittington and Cat , " These errors Mr . Wheeler stated to have arisen from " want of due at'tention on the part of the compositors and readers ;" - . end their consequences , lie averred , had been to " compel him to issuo another printed b . \ la * ice sheet . " Now ,

      it struck us when we saw this statement , . that there iad either been gross neglect on the part Of those Mr . Wheeler described , or that the errors had been committed by somebody else before the balance sheet had been made out , and placed in the compositor ' s hands , "To set this portion of the matter at rest , we caused the 34 S . of said balance sheet to he forwarded to our present location , —at least such portions of it as could ibe . found , —for one sliri , containing the accounts , from Lambeth and Lamberhead-green , has been lost . All the others are there . ; and , in every instance that we can trace , has Mr * Wheeler ' s MS . been scruploosly followed . Both the compositors and readers have done -ttcirduty—printed the-balance sheet as rendered to -them . The errors Mr . Wbeeler speaks of are not therefore chargeable to them . A . B „ BuuusanAX . —We cannot help Mm off with his

      songs . L . T . ^ Keswick . —The rules . of the United Trades * Association , and every information connected therewith , are to be obtained of Mr . Barrett , the secretary , nt the Trades' Office , 30 , Hyde-street ,: Bloomsbury . Ha . Watts , Bihminghah ; and Mb . Debbage , 2 Toe-Wlfla , will oblige by procuring tlieir post-orders payable at the branch I ' ost-office , Charing « croBS . The Bestobatiox of the Exiled Patriots . —We have received the following to which we call the attention of ouvceaders : —I have long been waiting in earnest expectation that some one of your numerous and talented correspondents would have called the attention of the Chartist body to the important subject at the head of this communication , but , finding that no one bas done

      so , fur me to be longer silent would be highly culpable . I therefore trust , sir , that one of your humblest subscribers will be allowed to express his sentiments through the columns of the Northern Star . — . Brother Chartists—Punch , that excellent compendium of sterling wit and satire , says , that everybody is asking " Shall Cromwell have a statue ? " I reply in the affirmative , inasmuch as Cromwell far surpassed many ( if not the whole ) of our governors , whose names defile the pages of our history since Alfred the Great . But what is it to us , the robbed , despised , degraded , and enslaved working classes , whether this or that "slaughterer ofthebuman family " has a place in the new Houses of Parliament ; whether those who have for ages been the upholders , defenders of , and participators in * that system of spoliation ,

      robbery , aud murder , which has , and ^ still curses this country , are allowed a niche in that building , I have a question to . ask of far greater and momentous import , ance to us who profess to be firm adherents and warm admirers of truth , justice , and liberty—a question which should , in my humble opinion , make every democrat hold down his head and plead guilty to the charge of not baring done Ins duty . The question , I would ask , sir , is this : " Shall no effort be made for the restoration of the patriots Frost , Williams , Jones , Ellis , and other political exiles , the victims of class laws , class juries , and perjury ! Men who , for their attachment to , and their exertions in the cause of freedom , were torn from all that affeetion held dear , and banished to a penal settlement , there io associate with those who

      had been guilty of every atrocity in the black catalogue of crime . Oh . ' what men like these have suffered under such a punishment , ! The late Chartist conven . tion , imbued with the true spirit of democracy , and actuated by pure philanthropy , decided on recommending that an united , energetic , and determined effort should be made to restore the expatriated patriots to their native land ; and the convention appointed a deputation to wait on that friend of labour , T . S . Buncombe , M . P ., to ascertain his opinion on the subject Mr . Buncombe assured the deputation that he would bring the question before the House of Commons , at the close of the then ;( April last ) present session , or early in the next ; and for the motion W be successful , it would be necessary that it should be

      supported b y ' numerously signed petitions . Suitable petitions were drawn up , and it was agreed that a Central Exile Restoration Committee be formed , to consist of a delegate from each of the metropolitan localities , to act in conjunction with the Executive . The duties assigned to the central committee were to wait on and solicit members of the House of Commons to support themotion ( recollect in 1843 themotion was lost by the casting vote of the Whig speaker ) of the patriotic Buncombe , to correspond with , and afford information to , petitioners ; to superintend the presentation of petitions , and facilitate the object for which they wens appointed in every possible way . Thus far the Convention npbly did their duty . Six months have now elapsed , and what has been done ! Have the committee » ver met « Notices have appeared , calling

      U Iseasr , Btceseeacr Jue» -Diaxe Phomot...

      on the localities to elect their delegates , to which some have responded , others cannot understand , or have neglected their duty . How can we reconcile our . profession of democracy with our culpable neglect of these ill-used and persecuted men ? Certainl y , at the close Of la & t year memorials were presented to her Majesty , or rather to Sir James Graham , for that cold-hearted reiwgade returned his lithographed answers that he saw no reason why he should recommend . tlieir ease to the merciful consideration of " her Majesty . " It is , therefore , manifest that our only hope is in petitioning the House of Commons . It is now high time that we bestir ourselves in this good work—not a day shouldbe lost , February will soon be here . Let us instantly set about getting up public meetings , to adopt petitions , and where this is not practicable , let individual petitions he crowded into the House , that we may thereby back up the noble Buncombe . Let the working men of

      London , in particular , set an example in this laudable undertaking , as much will depend or . the exertions ot the central committee , ( the duties imposed on that committee being rather of an onerous character ] and the majority of the executive , from the importance of their functions , being compelled to be much absent from town . I would advise that each of the metropolitan localities forthwith elect two delegatus , men that are warm and earnest in the cause , for this special purpose , and let the whole meet our worthy and assiduoud general secretary ( I respectfull y call his attention to this , ) in the Hall , Turnagain-laue , on Sunday afternoon , November 3 th , or lGih , at the latest . Let us no move give " three cheers" for them at our meetings , if we fail to exert ourselves in their behalf . There must be no apathy , no half-beartedness , no kesitation , no failure , but energy , firmness , promptitude , and succesc must and will crown our exertions .

      T . llAiirER , Leeds . —Mr . Hobson is 5 n Yorkshire at present . T . H ' s letter shall be forwarded to him . Hincklet Framework Knittees . —The address shall appear next week . J . Berts . —Your letter arrived too late for notice this week . We wish Mr . Berts , and some others of our correspondents , would eschew writing on both sides of the paper . It is a great grievance for editors and compositors ,

      Receipts Of The Chartist Co-Operative La...

      RECEIPTS OF THE CHARTIST CO-OPERATIVE LAND SOCIETY . PEE MB . O ' CONNOR . £ P . d . Halifax , per C . W . Smith „ „ » , 2 0 ( J Wigan , per N . Canning .. .. ., ,. 7 0 10 Leeds , pur Wm . Brook .. .. .. .. a o 0 Burnley , per J . Grey .. 8 o o Worcester , per Mr . Griffiths .. ., .. 500 Cullomutou . per W . l'oole .. „ ,. 200 Stockport , per T . Woodhouse 2 0 0 Sodworth , per T . Crofts .. „ „ „ 2 0 0 Keighley , per J . Vicars .. ,. „ ., 500 Rotherham , per W . Kimpster .. „ „ 4 ig 6 Preston , per J . Brown .. .. .. „ a 17 7 Helin Locality , Sowerby , per W . Woodhouso .. 200 Manchester , per J . Murray .. .. .. 12 0 0 Plymouth , per E . Robertson .. .. ., 442 Colne , per II . Hursficld .. .. ., ., 500 Birmingham , per H . Parker .. „ ,. 5 0 0 Brighton , Artichoke Inn Locality , No . 1 , per W .

      Flower „ i Oil Ashton uuder-Lyne , per E Hobson .. „ 2 18 J FEE GENERAL SECRETARY . INSTALMENTS , £ S . d . £ r . d . Dorking .. .. 0 12 o Birkenhead ., 004

      SHARES . Westminster .. 1 10 0 Boulogne .. . ... 2 2 8 Partington ,. 720 Bradford .. .. 2 o 0 Bristol .. .. 1 16 10 Leicester ., ,. 2 0 0 CARDS AND RULES . Cheltenham , ,, 044 Wootten - under-Woveesler .. a St 6 Edge .. .. 020 Thomas Martin Wheeler . . NATIONAL CHARTER ASSOCIATION . J ? ES GENERAL KECRETAttI , SUBSCRIPTIONS . Oreenwich ,. 0 10 0 Bristol , Mr . Hill .. 010 Bolton .. .. 050 Carrington .. 0 17 0 Do ., a friend .. 0 0 10 DISON FCNS . Bolton , Mr . livesay „ -5 0 6

      VETERAN PATRIOTS' FOND . Mr . Browett , one quarter ' s subscription „ 0 1 1 Brother SnAnsnouiFRs , —By the time you peruse this every sub-secretary will be in possession of a bal .-mcc sheet , which sheet I have no doubt will be satisfactory . There is one item in the expenses which seems to have been misunderstood by some of the shareholders , and therefore I deem it prudent that further explanation should be given—theitem alluded to is the salary of the directors . It is asserted by some that the laws do not sanction-Kiy appropriation of the funds for that purpose . I believe this to be a mistake . Each shareholder , on joining the society , is aware that 2 s . of the £ 2 12 s . is to be devoted to expenses for the general good of the society . The expenditure must , of course , be left in a great measure to the good sense and discretion of tlie board of directors . In the opinion of the directors the employment of Messrs . Doyle , Clark , and M ' Gvath , as agents and expounders of

      the principles of the society , was the most expedient method they could adopt , and the result has Justified their conclusions . These gentlemen and myself have devoted nearly the whole of our time and energies to the furtherance of the interests of the society , and they-would have been justified in receiving , and the funds for that purpose would have allowed of them being paid from that source ; but , aware of our position as a pro ton . body , and anxious to guard against the slightest shadow of suspicion , the din-etorsuetermined not to touch one farthing of the funds for the payment of their salaries ; there was still , however , a fund applicable to that purpose , and over-which we had perfect right of control—I allude to tho profits on the sale of cards and rules . By their exertions this source of revenue was raised : they were as much entitled to it as any

      other tradesman for the sale of goods which he may think proper to vend . It is from this source that nur salaries have been paid , and there is still a considerable balance of profit in hand . I have offered these remarks because 1 am aware * that the subject has been warmly discussed ; aud it is . for the welfare of the society that the officers and the body -should perfectly , and as speedily . as possible , ascertain their relative positions . In conclusion , I have only to add , that , although our labours have been far more onerous and responsible than when solely employed as the Executive Committee of the National Charter Association , yet we have notreceived one fraction extra salary . Whatever has been received by us us directors has been doducted from our salary as members of the Executive Committee of-the National Charter Association .

      Yours , on bebalt of my brethren , ThojIas Martin Wheeler , Secretary . No . 7 , Crown-court , Bean-street , Oxford-Street , N . B . —The sub-secretaries are requested immediately to collect and remit the levy to me , iu order that I may ar . range the district representation .

      Qx Tttmti*, Mental, & Mqutete

      Qx tttmti * , mental , & Mqutete

      Singulak © kathfuom Nightmare . —Late on Saturday evening Mr . Wm . Payne , the coroner , went into an inquiry atithe Crown Tavern , Basinghall-street , touching the death of John Connolly , aged 35 years , a vocalist . It aopeared that latterl y the deceased man had suffered * a good deal from nightmare . On Friday evening last he went home rather depressed in spirits , and retired to rest at a quarter to ten . His companion , Samuel M'Mahon , who slept in the same bed with him , on awaking next morning ( Saturday ) discovered the deceased lying in an apparently lifeless state . Witness , believing him at first to hilYC been labouring under some paroxysm of his complaint , shook him , when he breathed very heavily . Mr . Lenniker , surgeon , was immediately sent lor , but before his arrival life was extinct . The surgeon was of opinion that death was caused by the breaking of some blood-vessel in the region of the heart , no doubt from the excitement consequent upon ni ghtmare . — Verdict accordingly .

      Maidstone . — Mysterious Disappearance . — A young girl , aged about 17 , named Dann , the daughter of a tradesman in this town , disappeared on Thursday evening week in a very strange manner . She had been , with a younger sister , hop-picking for Mr . Baxter , at Shepway Court , and on Thursday night went to the Wheatsheaf Inn , on the Loose road , to receive her earnings . She received about £ 215 s .: and had left the house a few minutes , when a young man who had been employed in the hop-ground said to another , "Why , you don't mean to let your sweetheart go off in that way , " and ran out after her . lie returned in about five minutes , and said that he had ruii down the road bat could not overtake her . Since that period she has never been seen , although every place likely to contain her has been searched . As she was a steady , well-behaved girl , her parents are in the deepest possible distr-ess at her disappearance , which has caused much excitement in Maidstone .

      . Coroxeh ' s Ixqubst . —Death from the Kick of A Hobsk . —On Monday Mr . "Wakley , M . P ., held an inquest at the Middlesex Hospital , on the body ol / ames Hills , aged 40 . It appeared that deceased was a horse-keeper in the employ of Mr . Glover , proprietor of some Norwood coaches . On the 10 th instant deceased was in the stables in Little Portlandstreet , Portland-place , when a horse which he was rubbing down , suddenly kicked him on the left thigh . When he was picked up , it being found that he was unable to stand , lie was removed to the above institution . Every attention was paid to him , but delirium tremens suncrvening , consequent on deceased ' s irregular moile of living , he sank , and died on Thursday last . Verdict , accidental death .

      Melancholy SoiciDE . —On Monday evening Mr . W . Payne held an inquest at the St . George ' s Tavern , Lambetti-road , on the body of Mr . Charles Pitcher , aged 34 , late landlord of the above house , ihe deceased had lost his wife abou * two months , and ever since he had exhibited a singular strangeness in his manner , accompannied with great despondency . On Friday ho retired to rest about twelve o ' clock ;" on Saturday morning , about nine o ' clock , he was found bv the waiter suspended by a silk handkerchief from the frame of the bedstead : he was cut down immediately , and Mr . Hooper , a surgeon of the Londonroad , attended , and tried every means to restore animation , as the body was still warm , but ineffectually . About seven o ' clock tlie same morning the deceased spoke to one of his children , 5 years old , and told him that he hoped he would be taken care of , for he should not be with him long , and he wished to be hurried by the side of his poor mother , —Verdict " Temporary Insanity . "

      Qx Tttmti*, Mental, & Mqutete

      —~ .. „ ,. ^» , " . ' . ; ' —~™* - ~™^*^ j *™ ^ m rcm * . v * .... SmrwnrcK of the Mary prom ' Sydney . —LivkrppoL , MoNDAr . -By the arrival here to day of the Bucephalus , Captain Small , from Bombay , welearn the total loss of the . above vessel , and-seventeen of her un . ortUu ' ato * pasttngGlv . women and children . The A ary left-Sydney , A . S . W 1 , on the 18 th May , and all went on well until the 24 th , when the vessel , about midnight , stlUck on a reef in Bass ' s Straits , and immediately went to pieces ; the passengers and crew , with the above exceptions , saving . themselves with much difficulty , mid ultimately reached Binder ' s Island in safety , whence they were conveved to Launceston , New South Wales . Captain Collins , a passenger , has written ' along narrative to one of the Sydney papers , in which he deprecates in strong terms the uutscawortliy state of the vessel , as it appears she began to leak shortly after leaving Sydnev ,

      ho also says , that from the striking of tlieship to her parting and going down , only seven minutes elapsed . We subjoin a list of passengers saved and lost : — Saved * . Captain Collins , 13 th Light Dragoons ; Mrs , C ollins , Aliss Elizabeth Collins , Miss Emma Collins , MissStrathallen Collins , Sarah Sarsnn , Mrs . Newbv , Mr . Reeves , Mrs . Reeve , Mrs . Stanbury , Mrs . Evans , Mr . Ilcftlrman , Mrs . Heffennan , Stephen Dwyer , Mr . Thomas Newman , Mr . James Abbott , Mr . J . Jones , Mr Joseph Wilkinson , Mr . Heather , Master Arthur Heather , Michael Nicholson , George llempson , Patrick Gardiner , and all the crew . Lost —Mrs . Heather , and two children , Mrs . Grey , Mrs . Tunibull , two daughters of Captain Collins , three daughters of Captain Newby , Sarah Fowkes , and six children of Mrs . Evans . The Bucephalus received her report from the Indian , bound from Launceston to London , which vessel she spoke on the 6 th instant in Int . 37 N . .

      Ati . KOED Child Murder . —On Tuesdav last Mr . William Payne resumed and concluded an ' inquiry at the l'leece , Queen-street , Cheapside , on the body of a newly-born male child , discovered on the night of Sunday week , lying on the door steps of Mr . Hnlford , of IronmoiigerJane , the churchwarden of the parish . Notwithstanding every exertion on the part of the city police , and the parochial authorities , not the slightest clue can be obtained to the parent . The jury returned an open verdict of" Found dead . " Fatai , Occurrence —Neglect of a Road Contractor . —On Tuesday afternoon an inquest was held before Mr . St . Clair Bedford , coroner of Westminster , at the George , Wardour-street , Soho , on tlie body of Mr . Alfred Richard Harrison , aged 30 , silversmith 1

      aim JCWCllCl , Ot FickotUtrcet , Strand , whose death occurred under the following melancholy circumstances . George Hill , tailor . No . 9 , Doune-terrace , Hackney , stated that about ten o'clock on the night of Saturday , the 4 th inst ., he was walking along Portland-place , Clapton , when hearing a shout from behind he looked back and saw a gentleman ( who proved to be the deceased ) on horseback coming along , and the rider at that time seemed to lie righting himself in his saddle . Presently tho gentleman passed him , and had only proceeded a ( aw yards before his horse stumbled over sonic dirt in the road , and he was thrown head foremost to the ground . Witness , on the accident occurring , went up to the deceased , and askcd him if he was hurt , but receiving no answer , he raised an alarm , and assistance arriving , deceased , who was found to be insensible , was carried to Mr . Hovclfs , a surgeon ( in the neighbourhood ) , and from

      thence home to his friends in Wardour-street . By the Coroner : The road had been taken up to repair the sewers , and the mound of dirt over which deceased's horse fell was between three and four yards from the pathway , and about eighteen inches in height . There was no light to warn any person of danger , but on the other side of the heap of dirt there would have been plenty of room to have passed . The horse , when witness first saw it , he should judge was going at tlie rate of from ten to twelve miles an hour . Deceased seemed to have perfect contronl over it . There was a gas lamp about 30 yards from where the accident happened , but it did not show a light on the spot . The jury , many of whom felt inclined to return a verdict of manslaughter against the contractor of the roads under the commissioners of sewers , ( Mr . Crooks ) , eventually adjourned the inquiry , wh ich lasted tour hours , tiff Fridav .

      Yellow Fevkr at Malta . —The Gazette du Midi states that the Mongibello steamer , which arrived at Marseilles on the Kith , of October , has brought news that the yellow fever had made its appearance on board a vessel which had entered the port of Malta . The number of cases was said to he two , one of whicli was followed by death . On receiving this news , the Neapolitan Council of State had assembled , and laid the matter before the Board of Health , which immediately ordered all vessels from Malta to be subjected to a strict quarantine . This intelligence is not confirmed , however , from any other source .

      WATEnnEAcn . —Incendiary Fires . —This village is most unenviably notorious for tho ravings of incendiarism . Not less than eleven fires of this description , and some of them very serious ones , have occurred within about two years . We have to add two more to the list which occurred last week . , The first took place on Thursday night , about eight o ' clock , in the lodge belonging to Mr . William Mason . Fortunately it was discovered and extinguished without doing any serious damage . The second broke out on the same evening , about eleven o ' clock , on the premises of Mr . William Benson , situated a considerable distance from Mr . Mason ' s : this also was first discovered in a lodge , wlieuce' the flames speedily communicated to the dwelling-house , which was partially consumed , and the lodge entirely burnt down . No doubt can exist as to the origin of these fires , and we earnestly hope the infamous perpetrators will be discovered . —Cambridge Advertiser .

      Fire at St . Peter s College . —Great alarm was excited in this college on Sunday morning by the discovery of a fire in the rooms of Mr . Craven , in Gisborne ' s-court . The lire was discovered by the bedmaker , who , entering the room at half-past nine o ' clock , found it full of smoke . She instantly gave the alarm , and in a few moments the authorities of the college and the servants were present , an-. l shortly afterwards Mr . Hazard ' s fire-engine ( Sun-office ) arrived , and every effort was made to suppress the fire .

      but althougli it was prevented extending further , it was not totally subdued until two o ' clock . For two days previously a smell of fire had been observed in tlie room , which no one could account for , and it appears now that it arose from the heat of the flues communicating to a beam in the wall , which on the morning in question broke out in flames . Though the utmost alarm prevailed we are happy to say no damage was done to any property , or other injury sustained than that wo have stated . — -Cambridge Advertiser .

      Gamlikoay , CAMntunaKsniRE . — Alaumino Incendiary Fire . —On Monday morning this neighbourhood was thrown into the utmost state of alarm by the discovery of a fire on the premises of Mr . Payne , called Brdckden , in this village , which we understand extended to nearly the whelo of the corn stacks and farm buildings . At ten o ' clock on Monday the fire was blazing fearfully . There is no doubt as to its origin . Shocking Omnibus Accident . —On Wednesday afternoon , about fouro ' clock , an accident occurred on Ludgate-hill , to a fine child named Edward Fleraming , aged five years , the son of a glass manufacturer , residing near Smitklield . It appears that a Wandsworth and City omnibus . No . " 2 , 235 , was proceeding

      down Ludgate-hill , when the child alluded to was observed suddenly to shootout from among the passersby , into the road , and before the driver was aware of the circumstance , he was knocked down , and the near fore-wheel had passed over his neck and head . Mr . O'llennesy , who was passing by , rushed forward and seizing the child , who was bleeding profusely from the mouth , nose , and ears , carried him to the shop of Messrs . Orridge and Co ., where he was promptly attended by Mr . Pointing , a surgeon , who at once pronounced the case hopeless . The little sufferer was then conveyed to St . Bartholomew ' s Hospital . The driver of the omnibus was taken into custody . Melancholy Occurrence . —Sunderland , Oct . 15 . —A very distressing accident occurred here to-day , by which four lives have been lost . About noon , as is usual when the weather is favourable , the pupils of Dr . Cowan , of the Grange Academy , near this town .

      proceeded to the sea-beach for the purpose of bathing . On this occasion thirty-eight went down , accompanied by four teachers , and they bathed at a short distance fromliendon . There was rather a heavy ground swell , and two boys named Baird and Lennie were swept out of depth by a strong sea . On tlieir dangerous situation being observed by Robert Baird and Mr . Special , one of the tutors , they rushed to the rssistance of their juvenile friends but they were both swept away by the ebb current , and neither of them being able to swim , they were all drowned . By this time Mr . Wilson , the senior tutor , who was bathing at a short distance came up , and succeeded in drawing Lennie out of the water , but he was then quite dead . Robt , Baird is eighteen , and Archibald Baird sixteen years of age ; they are sons of Sir David Baird , whose residenceisnear Dunbar . Lennie is ten years of ai , e , and the son of Mr . M * Alpine Lennie , of Dulswinton , near Darapier .

      Attempted Murder of a Young Lady . —On Monday night the usually quiet village of Byford ( a few miles from Hereford ) was thrown into the greatest agitation and alarm , in consequence of Miss Ellen Davies , a very interesting and pretty girl , having been shot at . She was picked up ( the exact spot is not mentioned ) insensible , and bathed in blood , which flowed from the left arm and shoulder , which are fractured , and she lies j a very dangerous state . A quantity of blood was also traced down the

      meadow and over a stile at the back of the house , S 3 that some one else besides Miss Davies must have been wounded , as she was not in that direction . It is supposed that the pepetrator afterwards attempted his own life . For nearly three years past a gentleman paid his addresses to her , but was rejected on account of a previous engagement ; he then left England , but returned again , and renewed his addresses in a most threatening and resolute manner , she vainly endeavouring to avoid him . Her friends , seeing that he still pursued her , thought that she had

      Qx Tttmti*, Mental, & Mqutete

      ¦ IWIWlMliM ^ IB i ., ¦¦ - ¦•^ m-jw-v'WK i-wi cW tKwtW-Mt y- ^ W WTOCWi ^ C ^ Ttai-rC better receivediis . addresses , which I believe she did ; but it appears that . she received information ' that he had formerly led a very gay life , and he was again rejected . Since that thiie ' llO lmsbeuil in a deranged state of mind , and . confined ; lie used then to say that he would shoot her ; that she should never have any other ; that he would shoot himself with her , & c . ; he has been watching his opportunity more than a week . ' Dauino Outrage sear Mansfield . —About halfpast six o ' clock on tlio evuiing of Saturday la-. t , two rulnans attacked and committed a most ' murderous assault upon the person of Mr . William Bunting , articled clerk to Messrs . Parsons , Bonn , and

      Parsons , solicitors , of Manslicld , whilst returning in a gig from Nottingham to the latter place . At the period of this brutal attack Mr . Bunting was driving at a very steady pace , when he was struck a most severe blow on the back -part of his head . The injuries which Mr . Bunting received from this blow were of so dreadful a nature that ho was rendered insensible , and his head was severely cut , and laid open in jive different parts , the wound ' s being two and a-half inches long , and extending to the bone . Mr . Bunting was completely covered with blood . Fortunately before the villains proceeded to other , nets of violence ami maltreatment , or before they had time to rifle the pockets of tlieir victim , they were alarmed by the appearance of a farmer on horseback , who came up at the moment ,

      and instantly gave the alarm , but the robbers succeeded in making their escape . Tho spot where this daring outrage took place was a complete pool of blood , and is between Thieves and Harlow woods , about 2 i miles from Mansfield . The unfortunate gentleman had only a short time previous to the attack passed the man on horseback , who , hearing the cries of Mr . Bunting , called out " What's the matter ? " and on riding up at a quick pace , he observed the two men make off in iho wood on each side of the road . Tho night was dark , the moon not having risen , and it is supposed that one man stopped the horse ( the animal stopping very suddenly ) while the other attacked Mr . Bunting from behind . It is conjectured that the ruffianshad mistaken Mr . Bunting for Mr , White , stockbroker , who was expected home from Nottingham about the same hour , and what makes the supposition the more probable is , that both

      Mr . White and Mr . Bunting were driving white horses . Tliisdaringatfemptatmiirdcrhascreatcdthegreatest excitement in the neighbourhood , such a diabolical Outrage nob having been committed in that part oi tho country before this period , and a reward of fifty guineas has been offered for the men ' s apprehension . The full particulars of this outrage have been laid before the county magistrates , who , it is thought , at their next meeting will offer a further reward , so that these villains may be brought to condign punishment . Mr . Buntjng has baen attended by a medical gentleman ever since the murderous attack , and we rejoice to be enabled to state that he is now considered out of danger , although very weak from the loss of blood . Tlie medical attendant states that very favourable symptoms have appeared ; and , considering the murderous attack , Mr . Bunting is progressing favourably .

      THE ANDOVER UNION . Resignation of the Assistant Commissioner . —Mr . Parker has resigned his oflice of assistant poor-law commissioner , aud his re *> i-, ' uation bus been accepted . — 6 'lobc . Andover , Saturday , Oct . 18 . At the board of guardians , held last Saturday , it was agreed that seven of the guardians should meet to look over tha testimonials , Ase ., of the Sfi ayplU-tn-As for tU « situation of master and matron of the union workhouse . Out of the number of applicants the following five were selected as mostflt . Mr . Wright , from Shrewsbury ; Mr .

      Dancer , from Andover ; Air . Blake , from Salisbury ; Mr , Myth , lid * - of Wight ; Mr . Vine , from Ottcrbourne . This morning , at a special meeting of the board of guardians , 29 oeiug present , James Ulyth was elected , lie is an old soldier , from the same regiment as Mr . M'Dougal , and lias a family of six children . Great satisfaction is expressed at the choice . It is feared that the bone-crushing- will be resumed , as two or three tons of unbroken ones are now nt the union , some recently brought in . There are now in the union nearly two hundred inmates ; twenty-two admitted yesterday—ten women , eight men , and four small children .

      A New City.—The Following Animated Descr...

      A New City . —The following animated description of one of the last wonders of our day , the now city now rising at Birkenhead , is from the pen of ft noble diplomatist , and , will be read with interest * . —Ihavc made a very agreeable trip to Birkenhead , which is a place rising , as if by enchantment , out of the desert , and bidding fair to rival , if not eclipse , the glories of Liverpool . Seven years ago there were not three houses on that side of tho Mersey , —there are now about 20 , 000 inhabitants ; and on tho spot where within that time Sir W . Stanley ' s hounds killed a fox in the open field , now stands a square larger than Belgrave-square , every house of which is occupied . At Liverpool there arc now ten acres of docks , the charges for which are enormous : nt Birkenhead

      there will be forty-seven acres , with rates two-thirds lower , which will gradually diminish until ( supposing trade to continue prosperous ) they will almost disappear , and the docks become the property of the public at the end of thirty years . It would have been worth the trouble of the journey to make acquaintance with the projector and soul of this gigantic _ enterprise , a certain Mr . Jackson . With his desire to create a great commercial emporium proceeds , pari passu , that of improving and elevating the condition of the labouring classes there , and before his docks are even excavated he is building houses for 300 families of workpeople , each of which is to have three rooms and necessary conveniences , to be free of all taxes , and plentifully supplied with

      water and gas , for 2 s . 6 d . a week for each family . These houses adjoin the warehouses and docks , where the people are to be employed , and thence is to run a railroad to the sea , and every man liking to bathe will be conveyed there for a penny . There are to be wash-houses , where a woman will be able to wash the linen of her family for 2 d . ; and ISO acres have been devoted to a park , which Puxton has laid out , and nothing at Chatswotth can be more beautiful , At least 20 , 000 people were congregated there last Sunday , all decently dressed , orderly , and enjoying themselves . Chapels and churches and schools thievery sect and denomination abound . Jackson says

      he is sure he shall create as vigorous a public opinion against the public-house as is to be found iu the highest classes . There are now 3 , 000 workmen on the docks and buildings , and he is about to take on 2 , 000 more . Turn which way yon will , you see only the most judicious application of capital , skill , and experience , —everything good adopted , everything bad eschewed from all other places , and as there is no other country in the world , 1 am sure , that could exhibit such a sight as this nascent establishment , where the best interests of commerce and philanthropy arc so felicitously interwoven , I really felt an additional pride at being an Englishman .

      Ankcdotb of the Emperor Nicholas . —The Emperor was proceeding down the Newsky prospect , alive and watchful as he is when he catches si ght of a uniform , when he espied a soldier of our regiment in the condition we call' slave bogu . ' It means' praise to the Lord ; ' and answers to your French expression of being in the Lord's vineyard . ' In a word , lie was very drunk . 'Come here , 'said the Emperor , ' jump up behind my sledge , and I will give you a ride to your barracks , and order you 500 lashes . Here , hold on by the sleeve of my cloak that I may feel that you have not rolled down in the snow like a beast , as you are . ' The soldier thanked him very fervently and humbly , as soldiers and peasants do with us when promised favours of that description .

      It deprecates wrath , they say . Now the Emperor held en at the cloak just as an angler feels tlio fish at the end of his line ; and away they drove for tho barracks . When they arrived the officer on duty was called out . 'Harkye , ' said Nicholas , 'take that drunken hound , who is behind my sledge , and shut him up till he is sober , then give him 500 lashes . ' 'I hear and obey , ' said the officer ; ' but please your Imperial Majesty , I see only two soldiers in the street —two mounted Cossacks just turning the corner—- whom I will instantly pursue . Which is it ? ' l Ah ! fool ! whose mother I have defiled ! ' said the Emperor . ' I mean the man who is behind my sledge . ' But as the Emperor turned mechanically round to look , there was no soldier there ; but the sleeve of

      his cloak was cunningly fastened to his sash . ' Oh ' . ' roared the Emperor , ' I have defiled thy mother ! I have defiled thy mother ! I have defiled thv mother ! I he rascal has got off ; but I'll be even with him ; he Shall not escape . Driveon . ' The next morning the regiment was drawn out in ono rank , and the Emperor himself came to inspect it . He quietly desired that the delinquent would step forward ; but the delinquent knew better . Then the Emperor ' s brow lowered , and he walked along the line , looking into every man ' s face , and making his teeth chatter . But you know he endeavours to sort the men so carefully , he causes the soldier ' s hair to be cropped so close , and their moustachios to be cut so exactly in the same trim and blackened so accurately to the same hue with tallow and lamp-black , that for once he was utterly at fault . The Emperor chafed ; the colonel was in despair , and in vain implored the

      offender to come forward , and be flogged , for the credit of the regiment . At length a free pardon was promised ; but yet no one came forward . Still Nicolai Paulovitch swore that he would find him out ; and then he offered not only a free pardon , but 100 roubles and a week ' s holiday . Now , 100 roubles ton . poor soleier , who receives only about 7 s . a year and is fond of brandy , was too strong a temptation . He stepped forward and confessed . The Emperor looked at him , and sent him back into the ranks—his curiosity and his anger were gratified . ' His curiosity , ' said Horace , ' but not his anger , for I suppose he kept his promise . ' ' Oh jes , as to tlie pardon , and so he did as to the 100 roubles ; but then the soldier drank , and of course the colonel found that he was drunk . He was condemned to run ; the gauntlet through 300 men , and when his sentence was sent to the Emperor for approbation , he wrote down approved , but to run the gauntlet twice through 600 men . And serve the fool right , for he had it aU his own way once .

      A New City.—The Following Animated Descr...

      TO THE WORKING CLASSEb . My Dear Fkikxds , —I have only time this week to tell you . that I have arrived in Loudon safe and sound , and that ' next week I shall give yon the first of a series of letters , setting forth the results of what I have seen in the several countries through which I have travelled . From all that I have seen and heard ,. ! have-becu confirmed iu my old opinions , that true happiness and permanent peace can only be assured by the people of every country possessing the land of the country in FEE , that is , subject only to such moderate taxation as its possessors , through , their representatives , shall consider necessary for the

      support ot a cheap form of Government , for the equal protection of all who lie under its laws . In Prussia —yet a despotism—the possession of the land in small allotments is fast leading to a demand for a constitution . In Saxony the monopoly of the land by the rich and powerful led to an edict for its subdivision ; and in England the next cry , and IT IS NOW ON THE BltEEZE , will ho a loud howl for the LAND . I shall now be ready at any moment to obey the call of the share-holders , as one of the delegates , to arrange our future operations . I remain as ever , 1 ' our faithful friend and servant , Feauous O'Connor .

      RESTRICTION OF LABOUR . TO THE EDITOR OF THE NOKTUEllN' STAB . Sir , —A Mr . Pringlc , of Gateshead , has lately thought proper to attempt to gainsay the truthfulness and utility of the assertion , that a diminution ot tho hours of labour would advantage the Pitmen of this country , and so strongly has he worked up his opposition to the views and opinions , the arguments and conclusions , of the Editor of the Miners' Advocate , and other writers in the latcISos . of that Periodica ) , that ho , if not wisely , yet boldly , denounces the proposition advanced iu the Advocate , viz ., " That restriction of labour will ultimately , cause higher wages , " as a fallacy . That Mr . Pringlc , or any other person , has an undoubted right to differ from our

      opinions , .-uid to promulgate his own , no oi = c will attempt to deny , and 11 ' uL ' y admit , that any individual is eutitled to our best thanks , who attempts to arrest , as it were . jin their birth , the promulgation of opinions which he honestly conceives would be injurious to the welfare of thousands of his fellow-creatures , whose laoour is their only capital . To the position of Mr . Pringle ( if indeed position it can be called ) I intend to reply , though his manner of treating the subject , viz ., personal attacks , Ac , might call for severe censure , ( especially as he has attacked us in a . paper which is tho greatest enemy the pitmen have , viz ., the Durham Chronicle , ) but as such would be a waste of time , and might bring about crimination and recrimination , 1 refrain , and shall proceed to the disquisition of the subject , namely , " Will restriction of labour produce higher wages V

      My experience as a pitman for the last thirty years has fully demonstrated to my mind that great work or long hottrs of labour ultimately brim ; low ¦ wages . Iu order to afford Mr . Pringle the easiest way to solve the problem , and to understand the doctrine at which he seems so alarmed , I shall set down in consecutive order certain arguuiunts and reasons as they practically occurred to fll ) ' observation and experience . From the year 1810 to 1 S 20 the pitmen of these two counties ( Northumberland and Durham ) were

      not restricted , except working in the pits from fourteen to sixteen hours a-day could be called restriction . Now , during that period , wages had decreased from 4 s . Oil . per day to 2 s . Sd . ! besides , we lost many important privileges during that time : for instance , we were compelled to find our own powder and candles , the piittcis had to find tlieir own grease , all of which was previously found by the masters , and which was an indirect reduction of our wages of at least 4 d . per day , making a total reduction of our wages in ten years of upwards of 2 s . per day !

      Now , sir , had Mr . Pringlc ' s position been sound and just , hadhisaiguments (?) been founded on truth and reason , then would pitmens' wages have rose during the above-mentioned period ; that is to say , wages should have been Os . or 7 s . a-day , instead of 2 s . 4 d ., secingthcrc was certainly plcntyoi'labour , which Mr . Pringle seems so much to admire , and nothing in the shape of restriction . Again , from the year 1820 to lSb'O another period of ten years , practical operation and experience demonstrated during that time , whether glutting the market with coals would bring higher prices , that pitmen ' s wages were further reduced during the ten years above alluded to can be attested by ten thousand witnesses , therefore , it will only be necessary lor me to draw Mr . Pringlc ' s

      attention to the state and condition ol the pitmen in 1831 , when the memorable strike took place , and which ended so advantageously i ' ov the pitmen , that ( - they recovered back full 25 per cent , of their previous reductions . As this may go a great way to enlighten . Mr . Tringle , on the principle of supply and demand , I shall relate an incident or two for the purpose oi showing the causes of , and the manner by which the masters were again enabled to reduce the men's wages . First , they ( the masters ) made small reductions in the score price , with a sly and artful suggestion—each man had only to hew n " corf" a day more , and then lie would get the same money J This advice the men were foolish enough to follow—it was generally followed—and , as a natural consequence , further reductions followed . Still the men were infatuated enough to follow the masters' advice , until they had placed upon each pit heap , or bank , a large of coalsNot satisfied

      quantity . , the masters did not stop here ; but , as the men were evincing strong symptoms of discontent , the plan of reducing the scoreprice was relaxed , and anotherdeep-laid scheme adopted . This plan was to increase the dimensions of the tub or corf , by which the miners send the coalstobank . This unjust system was carried on for , at least , the five or six years previous to 1831 ; and SUCll was the extent of the fraud , that when the day of adjustment came , it was found that very many collieries had been exacting twenty-five picks of coals from the poor pitmen , instead of twenty I By these means they not only got one-fourth of tlieir COllla worked for nothing ; but they were enabled to keep by them an enormous stock of coals , which gave tlicm greater facilities to effect further reductions , and at the same time to prevent any successful attempt being made , to either obtain a higher , or prevent ft lower rate of wages .

      Having thus afforded Mr . Pringlc an opportunity of judging , from twenty years' experience as a hewer and ten years' experience as a putter , when anything appertaining to restriction of labour was UnllCiU'tl Of and unknown , and during which period they had , by following out and adopting ( ignorant of the results ) the very identical doctrine which he recommends , brought upon themselves a decrease of wages , from 4 s . od . to , on an average , 3 s , Oi ) . ; and besides being compelled to labour twelve or fourteen hours for the latter sum , when , but for fraud , eight hours would have been sufficient to have obtained the former . Looking at all these things , I come to the conclusion that it will take something more on the part of this Mr . Pringle , than a poor attempt at satire to remove or obliterate from pitmen ' s memories that which twenty , thirty , and , in some instances , forty years ' experience and suffering has impressed thereon—viz ., that the want of a well-directed and proper system of restricted labour causes low luagcs .

      1 am , sir , yours respectfully , Martin Jude Newcastle-upon-Tyne , Oct . 17 th , 1 S-15 .

      Gout And Rheumatism, And All Pain, Ful A...

      GOUT AND RHEUMATISM , AND ALL PAIN , FUL AFFECTIONS OF THE JOINTS , EFFECTUALLY RELIEVED IN THE COURSE OF A FEW HOURS . ONE tiial is solicited , which will prove itsefficacyover all the medicines in general use for the above distressing complaints , having alrsafly been taken in above 3 , 000 cases , without one known instance of failure . Recommended by the following well-known gentlemen , who have experienced its extraordinary effects;—Mr . Rouse , proprietor of the Eagle and Grecian Saloon , City-road ; Mr . Campbell , Managing Director of ditto ; Mr . Smeeson , wholesale salesman , Newgate-market ; and Mr . J . Webster , comedian . Sold by 1 ' . M'DOUG ALL only , in bottles at Is . ljd . each , 35 , Myddleton-stvect , Clcvkenwell . Upon the receipt of is , Gd , will be forwarded free into tho country .

      Fatal Accident On The Rtveb.—On Friday A...

      Fatal Accident on the Rtveb . —On Friday afternoon , between two and three o ' clock , a young man named Richard Lambert , whilst practising in a boat preparatory to rowing a wager , lost his hold of one of the sculls , which fell into the water near the Thames police-station , and in leaning over to reach it , the boat overbalanced , avid the unfortunate young man became immersed in the stream . Although the accident was observed by numbers on both sides of the shore , and boats instantly put off , the poor fellow could not be recovered . Lambert was in his twentyfirst year , and had been married but a few weeks . The body has not yet been found .

      Mlaxciiolvb Death op Mr . Basevi , the Ancnithct . —It gives us great pain to have to record the death of George Basevi , Esq ., the eminent architect , which happened on Thursday morning , at Ely , under the following circumstances : —It appears that the Dean of Ely ( Dr . Peacock ) , and one of the Minor ' Canons of the Cathedral , were inspecting the rcstora * tions now being made in the interior of the great western tower , attended by Mr . Basevi , when the last named and ill-fated gentleman , in stepping back the better to make an observation , fell through an opening of the floor of the bell-chamher into the story next below , a distance of about forty feet , and was killed on the spot . The body was removed to the Deanery , where an inquest was held in the course of the day before Wm . Marshall , Esq ., when a Tevdict I of " Accidental Death . " was returned .

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Oct. 25, 1845, page 5, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_25101845/page/5/