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Northern Star (1837-1852), 24th May 1851, Edition 2 of 2, Page 5, NATIONAL CHARTER FUND. • - Received 6y J...

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      Parliamentary. Another Week Wasted. It W...

      ^^ efeacboly escident , " and much , mi-^"" SB * and IHXch like " wilMwr " bPSZ imP orted ^ ^ «> o purpose of Id & ering thejory , wddivfe ^ g its atten . { roTnlroui the main question . Y & f probabl y \ Z & m & « 3 l succeed , as it did in ^ he case » 3 the Sutton tragedy ' and Railway ; DirCflfors rSreceire a fresh ^ arrant and license toy wS , e wholesale slaughter and maiming of the a ^ happy V ** ° * ™ *«****¦ tbeir live ? to rCriW ^ g- Butmtiurat any such to , wallowed by such a wtate-waatnng , the cause lis t ^ ii 3 occurrence is clear enough . There was BBL- <¦ ± * -j m „ __ a _„ .. _•

      5 ^ as ia the Oheahire case—not sufficient time ffialkneed between the starting of the trains , i jke various casualties that might occur , e-erere not duly wei ghed and provided iiagainst ; and in the case of Railway Direc-, tors , who have fall and uncontrolled power tlin their own hands , we repeat such cont floct is criminal , and onghtto be visited with i condign punishment . No doubt the express d train travels at great speed , and each minute d would increase the distance between it and

      the slow train with goods , despatched immeb diately after it ; but this' very great speed ina creases the liability to accident in the ma-Dchinery , by reason of the greater strain and i wear upon it , and this is precisely one of the n elements the directors seem to have left oat of i their calculation . The consequences are before i the country , and it is for it to say how far ! these private corporationstrading for profit , ; shall be allowed to arrange the business and i trains , of their lines , solely with the view of : getting the largest dividend , and without any

      reference whatever to the safety and the security of the public . It is no doubt a matter of direct interest to railway managers that their lines should be suffered to be idle as little as possible ; but it is still more so to the tral veller , who finds all other modes- ' of conveyance superseded , that he should" be carried with life and whole limbs to hia place of destination . As the "Railway Interest" is strong , and the Government weak in Parliament , we suppose this is another of the questions that will have towait till" next session . " The Court of Common-Council on Thursday unanimousl y agreed to an address to Lord

      PAtHBRSTOX , praying that he will promptly and energetically use his influence to procure the immediate liberation of the illustrious Kossuth and his companions . The Town Council of Edinburgh has also agreed to a similar address . Sach interferences needed , and it reflects no credit on the Foreign Huuater , that he has to be urged from without to perform so obvious a duty . The TJnited States nobly interfered by sending a ship of tot , with a request for the liberation of the captives , who were to have been generousl y and comfortably conveyed to America , and aided as far as wasnecessarybya nation which honours and reveres them for their devotion to

      the cause of liberty . The influence of Austria prevailed over that of the more distant Republican State . Bat Turkey professes to he the ancient ally of England . We were parties to the detention of Kossuth and his companions upon certain conditions ; one of which was that they should be liberated after the lapse of a given period . That time has now long expired , and our Government are hound , in justice to themselves and the

      country they represent , to see that they are no longer trifled with . If any additional reason 72 s required , it would be that stated in the Court on Thursday—that Kossuth is in constant danger of assassination- —several attempts having recently been made to take away his life . Should Austria succeed in its bloodthirsty object , either by poison or the dagger , we shall be particeps criminis in the murder .

      The University of Oxford will not be reformed . Nobody has a rig ht to be so impudent as to ask them—not even the Qoeejj herself Has it not a ri g ht to do what it likes with its own , even as other possessors of property . ? That is just the question at issue . Is it yonr own ? Was it not given you in trust for public and specific purposes ? Are these puroosea fulfilled as they ought to

      be—not to the letter , but to the spirit and intent of the testators 1 Such was the object of a commission issued by the Queen . On Wednesday last Convocation decided , by a aajority o 219 against 105 , to petition for the revocation of that commission ; or , failing that , to be heard by counsel against its legality . This is certainly carrying the axiom that " possession is nine points of the law " b an audacious pitch .

      Last weet a Police Magistrate electrified the country , by daring to act impartiall y . " ^ A Captain in the Guards—a scion of a ducal house—disregarding the arrangements made for public convenience in H yde Park , and wilfully and openly violating them , whipped the Policeman whose duty it was " to see these arrangements observed , nntil he drew blood . To the wonder of everybody , and of nobod y more than Captain PAPtET SOMERSET himself , 2 dr . HARUWiCKE—thenaTQeof this Police Hhadamanthos—would not allow this wanton

      and gross outrage to be paid for with a five pound note , bnt absolutely sent the " gentleiaan and officer * ' to the House of Correction for ten days ! Great were the lamentations iaBelgravia—deputations thronged the antienamberof the Home " Secretary—but public opinion does rule in England , arid SirGL Gmrr did not dare to reverse the just decision of the magistrate . The courtly and aristocratic sympathisers were , therefore , compelled to lighten the disgrace as they best might , b y driving their carriages to the ' House' of Correction , and snowing , that they , \ at last , despised the stup id law which made no distinction of persons , and . the still more ^ testable officials who carried it into "

      esecotioR Ia order that ' our readers may comprehend the difference " of ten days hi the Housa of Correction and five pounds to Capr kin SoMEKSKT , let US tell them what becomes « f a man when sent there . He is imihefiatel y deprived of his every day " attire , and dothed in a prison garment , a lied is aUotted to Mm of a kind suitable only to " those accustomed to the coarsest description of accommodation , he jg p ] acea m a diet of gfuel and cast among rogues and vagabonds to listen at least ta their brutal ribaidrvif he has to in

      , ^ dispositi on share their con versation . & is a tender mercy , entirel y discretional with & e governor , if the prisoner Is allowed a clean suit of clothing , and a bed on which a filthy , ta gaboati aaS not ; recently slept . On / Wed-^ ay the Captain was liberated from this selectable residence , having served his " "full ** " * 5 " and , no doubt , his . class , when they ^ tfec , disposed to break the law and whip Aeniea , mil have a salutary recollection of * -Ham ) wicke and the House of

      Gorrec-The Great Exhibition absorbs public atten ^ 15 911 to a degree which its- most sanguine prointers aeTer anticipated , but tbaVabsorptien * j accompanied by results equally unlocked fofv ^ erybod y connected with tho tradeof London , ^ gbed that the rawrt of so "' many- persons - "P *" metropolis , woold ronvjartitrntoa ' spV ^ of ready made California . 'Onthefaitfc ^ this would be the case ; speculationsofall ^ were set afloat ; and ' pTeparationB made * «» e reception and the -amnsement ofsenr T ^ Wsof t & e mogt extensive and " espehsi * B ^ escriptjon , -As yet , these specnlationi'havo fwei downri g ht failnresi -Th ^ 'ExtiibUioa I ^ P & s every ° otfier place ofSpnblic resort : i

      " a ^ , pubh ^ gardena , diorAmas , panorarnaisi ^ ^ e deserted for the Glafef fibrin -H yde £ " ¦*¦ teyet ; ihew & itkrf ™ lt ^ k & *& uxtilf-7 * to the ora ^ a ^ namb 6 r > attbis-i « a-*? oftii ftyear . . Ttebotolkeer * fesaraaotb * eis JJeaed wirbbnsme « s ^ andlfl »> ktft , afec « a- £ ! ao = atiou . provided : h ^*^^*» a p 4 hltedtfe & l ^ estjana , woi ^ o ^^& fege ^** **

      Parliamentary. Another Week Wasted. It W...

      men , especially at the " West-end / ' complaio that their nsual customers are driven away ,-and they are not doing , one-half or one-third the business they are accustomed to do at this time of the year . How far this may be remedied , when the admission is redaced to a shilling , and the crowds come with fine summer weather , not only from our own provinces but from foreign countries , remains to be seen . We expect , however , the end will be that the Exhibition , like Aaron ' s rod , will swallow up everything eke in London this - - « : , TT T .

      season . FOBEIGN . As the time for the election of Pbesidesx draws nearer the various parties in France increase their exertions to ? , turn the balance in their favour . The royalists on ^ principle have openly declared their intention to restore legitimacy at all hazards , and have thus alienated the Orleaniais , and weakened the monarchial party as a whofe \ On the other hand , LOUIS NaTOLEOK 86 ^ *& " 6 playing a double game . Through hu ^ " * isters , he sides with the majority of the \ Assembly , who are for maintaining the disfran chising law of May ; while in the Consffitt t ' wnnel , which is alleged to be under

      bis inspiration the abolition of that law and return to universal suffrage , is advocated with great force and power . The crisis is evidently appproaching ; and it is as evident that , as yet , the Bepublican party have all the chances in their favour . They are , numerically , the moat powerful . The others are split up into sections , each having separate and irreconcilable objects , none of which can be accomplished , save by a revolution . In such a revolution the defenders of the Eepnblic would fight on the vantage ground j and , already , even LamartiNE has cited a passage

      from history , for the benefit of the Legitimist conspirators against the Constitution , which has produced a powerful impression . The conspiracy of the Eoyalist Club of Clichy , to which he alludes , was crashed by theJ ) irectory , who pounced upon the Pichegru ' s and the monks of the day , and packed them and their generals off to Cayenne . The safety of the Republic demanded their expulsion . Bat these conspirators had some excuse —tbe Koyalists of the present day have nothing to complain of . They have been treated

      not only with lenity but favour . Not a hair of their heads has been harmed , and they have been allowed a fall and large participation in power- —the only use they make of it being to destroy the Kepublic that has treated them so mildly . M . Lamartine warns them , if they push their plans to the ultimatum , that eighty oat of the eighty-three departments , and 3 , 000 large and small towns , will only have to change their tools for bayonets , to enable them to turn out immense armies for the defence of their liberties . It is evident that

      when even a politician , like M . Lamaiitine , writes thus , that the cause of Eepublicanism is a hopeful one in France , All its friends have to do is to be . united , act in strict accordance with the constitution , and resist all aggressions upon it by others ' j and they will , in 1852 , plafce the Kepublic on too solid a basis to be disturbed by any of the factions in future .

      In Spain the elections have gone in favour of the Ministry . Marshal Saldanha , though he has succeeded , as far as the armed portion of his operations is concerned , keeps at a safe distance from Lisbon dreading the treachery of the Court . The probabilit y is that , against his own will , he will be compelled to go with the party who seek of the misrule of the Queen , are determined that she shall

      abdicateperhaps in favour of a Eepublic . But Portugal , we fear , is not fitted for that yet . Matters in the Italian states have a threatening appearance for despotism . - In Eome the illfeeling between the French and Papal ' soldiers breaks onfc almost erery day in open encounters , in which blood is shed and lives taken . The papers publish an appeal to Austria for protection against France- ^ -the government of which may soon be in the hands of tbe Bed . Republicans—but its

      authenticity has since been denied by the Papal Government . The restrictions on the press , and the espionage of the police become more severe and oppressive in Germany . The sovereigns have appropriately met at Warsaw , to concoct plans for the maintenance of despotism , about which , however , they must have sundry serious misgivings . The mere restoration of the old Diet , is the best possible proof that tyranny is t ffete on the continent . That system had worn out before 1848—to restore it in 1851 is an absurdity .

      From the United States we have no news of political importance . Gold comes i « plenty , and with it intelligence gratif y ing , to traders , and those engaged in business . The onl y item of political interest is , the decision of a convention at Charleston , in favour of the secession of the Southern States on the Slavery question . They will scarcely be so foolish as to commit suicide in that way . Much excitement has been caused in New

      South Wales b y the conduct -of the Governor of Van Dieaians Land , with reference to the Irish exiles , Messrs . M'Maxus , O'DoKHOE , and O'Doherty ; having been guilty ofthe heinous offence of visiting Mr . S . O'Bwen , were thereupon-sentenced b y Sir W . Denison to three months' imprisonment at Port Arthur . The Governor was ultimately " obliged , in deference to public opinion , to mitigate the term to one month . A requisition most numerousl y signed was presented to the mayor , requesting him to call a meeting to sympathise with

      the three . gentlemen named , the mayor convened the meeting , one of the largest ever held in Sydney , and it petitioned the Queen to remove " Gaoler" Denison from his Government . The transportation question was also hotly discussed . The authorities in Bowning-street are openly accused of having deliberatel y violated their solemn pledges to the Colonists on this subject , and we should not be surp rised to see the question shortl y end in the formal separation / of . our Australian dependencies from the mother country .

      B ' " B Much Especially At The Clevis At...

      1 llaMtlBW . THE NORT HERN st , B . . . ' " ~ ? . Zzl & £ m 3 B &^^ tp 1 " " " ~ ! 1 ! 7 * " — I I j ! ' " " rn " ^¦" l " " r ~ - " < -.-7 * m > . . 4 ^ 1 .. " .,. ' . ' . - -

      Monies. ' Aioeived For Thk Wzsk Bhmko In...

      MONIES . ' aiOEIVED For thk Wzsk Bhmko Inonsosr , Mat 22 k » , 1851 . FOE ;/ . TEE KG 5 ESTY FUIB . EECQVED 81 W . BIDES . . : . £ s . d . ¦ H . Merrick . Worcester .. .. .. 0 2 6

      National Charter Fund. • - Received 6y J...

      NATIONAL CHARTER FUND . - Received 6 y John Absott . —Aroroath , per J . Y- Fair - weather 3 s—Hoxton , per J . Ednwmcls is 6 d—Harjlebdne , ^ er J . Gdudtrin 5 s—Birmingham , per Mr . KWer J?—Concert at Jcftn-street 5115 s Gd—Stalybridse 11—BittgUy , per W . Wilkinson 12 s—Stockport , per T . Clews 7 s ; Cd—Hnd dcrifield , j « er T . EwsaUSs—R . ToplvamCd . —Total £ 912 s . - ¦ ¦ ' FOR . THE EXECUTIVE- < : * . 3 lecayed bv W . " 1 Ude 8 . —From the Final » nry . Locality—• OnAciountofCarasas—From Mr . Page , for the use of ^ t emtire Is—J . Taylor , Stow Provost Is . , IfOR THE HUNGARIAN AND POLISH REFUGEES . , .. ileccived by W .. Hides . —Nottingham , etc ., per J . Street ioi ¦ foicetved bj 4 ohs Aksott . —i . Morgan , Dtbtford , pefJ ^ Bli ^ h ^ sCd ; " ["" ' '" .

      :J: Tbe Fatai> Cottisios Ox Ihe Midland ...

      : J : Tbe Fatai > Cottisios ox ihe Midland Raiiway . * -2 Abjd ' ebsed Iso , to » t , —The coroner ' s inquest was re-openeu . 'on Thursday morning . From the entleace , kaop pits that the breaking up ofthe pumprod of tbe . engine delayed , the- train four minutes , » ndthe " stoppHgesat , tha various stations ten mipotest added to which the goods train started five ¦ iisnutcsi after the departure of the paBsimger train . : W M' -MiSls ; & = Q . . had travelled with that train at Jeast-lbo times , and not ift a single instance had it arrived at the Chesterfield station at its proper tliae " The ' inquest was adjourned , and the jury : w \? re T tltenbv special train to view the locality of i ! io dSaster . —The adjourned inquest . was cons & rttfofiAHSifar . ' - Various witnesses' were ex ^ . a « ined , And ^ sauie -desult ory ovidenco was token ; r : raa ^« R ? r V ^^ % rkrt " Hd rbriner adjonrned . > o , « # «* , - an * l » 'Mon'dsfjr . '' " " ¦ - "' ''

      :J: Tbe Fatai> Cottisios Ox Ihe Midland ...

      Clevis AT THE CRYSTAL PALACE MD ITS CONTESTS . it U , ptObZ ^ h the secret of the universal and growing mtere * fc tfxcited by the Exposition ofthe Works of all Ifatiofiff , that it provides for the entertainment of all classes of minds . Interest does not relax , delight does not begin to subside , when the great centre aisle has been traversed , and its wonders or beauties surveyed . It is then that individual taste is called into exercise—the fashionable invited into Austrian boudoirs ; the artist into the studio of all his contemporaries ; the husbandman into a collection , some acres in extent , of the implements of his primitive vocation ; and the mechanic into a corresponding area occupied by the latest aud grandest achievements of his craft . GLANCE AT Tm ? . nnvamtonj ^ i' axtx

      Entering , as before , at the south end of the transept , we ascend the wentern nave on the right hand side . We notice , then , on either side of the transept figures of Falkland and Uampilen—the too faithful servant of his sovereign , and tbe dauntless champion of bis country . In a line behind Hampden , is a group easily recognised as Milton and Lis two daughters—the poet ' sface sadly waned since the Italian summer day when he fell asleep beneath a tree , and bewitched with his beauty tho heart of a fair country-woman . Advancing westward , we observe , for the first time , one of the objects of If ugh Stowell's iconoclastic ire—a cross , in Caen stone , designed by a lady ( Mrs . Ross ); bearin g an image of Christ , on one side the

      1 heads of four apostles , and on the Other 0 t lour ('' -prophets , with representations on . the transverse of scri ptural scenes—a piece of workmanship that a \ akes one sigh , and wonder whether humanity be Uy too weak to admire without adoring . The next set ° f ecclesiastical decorations make tis ask whetae" * ^ r oteseue forms inspire solemn emotions ? But all t ^ uci thoughts a re pushed aside by the models of a . wife-long bridge . over tbe Russian Dneiper , and , itbOr triumphs of English engineering . Turning off . ti ? the right , vre find ourselves in the midst of " machinery v ? t rest "—the giants of locomotion in grim reppse , ' . On one side of us is the enormous hydraulic engine by which the "tubes " of tbe Britannia-bridge were . raised to their place .

      We no longer wonder that they were swung in mid air , an iron roadway from , short" * shore for iron steeds and caravans ; admiration ^ ™ transferred to the natural law which has impregnat i ^ da f « w buckets of water with power to lift such porio . " erous masses . We turn round and behold the famov « tfasmyth ' s hammer , quietly resting on a piece of w ^ cd painted to resemble hot iron , there being no pr * . 'Y ' * * ° supplying it with motive power , inthffRi , 8 en ' <> i which it is immovable as a rock . A liJtfe further on , are massive engines of seven hundred . horse power—magnificent in their vast proportioft ^ > eJa _ borate finish , and the sense of measureless' fori > . they convey . In front of us is a railway , on whkb a number of locomotives , tenders , and carriages .

      are arranged . Brunei , Stephenson , and others , have made a fine show , certainly , in this department , although there is little of variety in construction or appearance . The London and North Western contributes the Bucephalus of this matchless stud—an- engine , the driving-wheel of . which is eig ht'fee £ in diameter . At either end of this line are the rooms appropriated to carriages . The collection is numerous and showy enough . There is an evident eye to the accommodation of luxurious gentility on limited means in carriages of multiform construction and use ^ -phjetons easily convertible into tbe full-blown coach , chariots that need no footman , the step letting itself down as the door opensj and gigs that enable the "respectability" of which that vehicle is tbe special symbol , to swell into the stylishness of a cabriolet . There aretoo

      , , invalid carriages of admirabl y convenient build and furniture ; and one of them has a wax-work figure of a consumptive-young lady , whose couch is being run into the carriage through a door which hears an unhappy resemblance to tbat of a hear « e . There is a cab or two , and a couple of omnibuseseither of which would be a vast improvement on those in general use , if not top bulky for London streets . To complete the adaptation to all phases of life as well as of society , ShilJibeer exhibits another of his mournfully-caparisoned equipages . Several exhibitors in this room have attached to their vehicles lay figures of horses , so really equestrian in form aud air that one almost wishes the gilded statues of her Majesty and Prince Albert were at liberty to change their bronze charges for these wooden steeds .

      A really musical sound—the hum of the cottonspinning maohiuery . vastly more pleasant than the incessant clack-clacking of the loom—attracts us to "the cotton machinery in motion . " The appearance of this and the succeeding rooms is highly pleasing . Several " factory girls" are in attendance oh the machinery—their features , complexion and dress , including generally such simple , ornaments as necklace and earrings , quite characteristic of their tribe ; a very numerous one , though but the growth of half a century . Within the railing that surrounds tbe machinery , are several bales of raw cotton . We are not , however , enabled to watch -the progress of the material from the state in which it arrives at Liverpool to its final form ;

      To the vast majority of visitors , however , the scene will be wholly novel , and to the intelligent highly instructive . There will be observed the " carding" machines , in which ' thecotton passes under cylinders covered with a sort of wire brush ; cleaning and smoothing it—the "drawing frames , " by which it is drawn out into long skeins , received into tall tin cases—the " roving frames , " by which the woolly " slivers" are elongated into threadstbe " self-acting mule , " an advancing and receding earriageV ' at once twisting and winding up the thread— " the power loom , " by which the fabric is woven—and the printing rollers ; or copper cylinders , engraved with the required pattern , and covered with the required colour , between which

      the woven stuff is passed ; eight of which rollers are employed by one exhibitor , five being the greatest number heretofore used . These are all in one room—the next , keeping eastward , contains the machinery employed in the woollen , silk , stocking , flax , and lace manufactures . Immediately on entering is seen a power loom of some fifty years ago—its wooden frame and lumbering motions strikingly contrasting with the polished appearance and rapid movements ot its neighbours- , but it is useful not only as showing the improvements effected , but also as exhibiting the principle of the power more clearly than is seen ia its more complicated successors . The same may be said of the Jacquard machine , and the improvements upon

      iteffecting what , to the uninitiated , is the mystery of the weaver ' s craft , the production of pattern as well as fabric by the shuttle , whether with or without the perforated " cards " used in tbe Jacquard , bnt dispensed with in recent inventions . In the different machines employed for the production of many different snbstances- ^ -frem tbe ' coarse canvas or sail cloth to the finest silk and delicate lace , a common principle is evident , with one exception ; and that is furnished by a machine invented and exhibited by M . Clanss en—placed in this department for the advantage of steam power , as are also several American contributions . This machine produces a sort of brocade by the rotatory motion of a large drum .

      The similarity ofthe action to that of the work so popular with Jadies , in which one stitch . is caught up after another by the knitting needle , instantly strikes any one who has observed the fingers of the fair at their favourite amusement . The walls are hang with variously coloured and patterned samples of the productions of these varied and truly Beautiful mechanisms . Another class of machinery is that employed in the construction of those just noticed . First of these is the'card making—the wire brush work br-ing produced with astonishing rapidity , and very simple action . "We have observed a calico printing press—hero is an inventioirfor multiplying the delicately engraved copper - cylinders , - by bringing them in contact with a steel' die . Another

      exhibitor shows , with pride , a contrivance for cutting sp indles from iron , or softened steel , at a stroke . Athird ^ and very attractive automaton , cuts the common household cotton reels—a little ivooden block is dropped down a channel , and the next instant emerges a perfect reel . But as to lathes , yonder is a monster , as it should be for its worktbe turning of wheels for locomotive railway enoines ; and ; against the farther wall , is one of tbirty-eight feet in length , There are a number of smaller lathes , ingeniously multiform in their adaptation to the uses of amateurs ; and - sihat" elegant work may lie turned out from them , a tasteful little building is fitted up to exhibit . Of drills tborc'isa largo collection , and some of remarkable macnine ¦¦

      power—as is also tnat nvetting , uy •»«•« a red-hot bolt receives a blow at either end simultaneously , and is safely driven home . The common motive power here employed is steam- ^ -ot which the supply is dr ' awn . from boilers , in a building outside , and which supply being at present insufficient , many engines are motionless , and Others in a panting state .- The variety of steam engines is a very observ able feature of the- o ' epnttnient . It may he well first to take a good lo ok at the sectional inedels , exhibited in the lower part of the room ; from which the ' raost uninformed can obtain an idea of the principle on which they are ordinarily constructed—namely , the cylinder and piston , uut the cylinder is ' - found to be , in scarcely any two

      cases , - similarly situated—in one place perpendicular , in another horizontal , in a third oscillating , and a fourth inverted . . By and bye , we come to an altogether new design—far the cylinder is substituted a disc , in which the steam enters and acts the part . of a wed ^ e alternately on either side of a flange ; the chief advantage of whichj wo arc informed , is the reduction of that , mischievous attendant onall power , friction . We meet , also , with another ^ which might long defy our unaided efforts to discover its meth « d-a " reciprocatof ;"• the p iston rivolvingj . isstead of aseonding and descendmtj . j . within . the- ^ jJ iader . As an instance of the niinute , u . c . ss " ^ a ^ a jraicnl jfl ^ gnuity , we observe that ilii ? enV ! aa- piMiaa » in Bomeinstauces wrapped

      :J: Tbe Fatai> Cottisios Ox Ihe Midland ...

      sS m ??? * pi oe of feli tne label to which as nf twwrfJ « 8 aves the T * P ° w »» Power to the amount ottweuty-fiye . cenfc , tw L eStens J application of water-power , and ItrikilZ f ! » nfuga i motion » is another and a very S ? «?? fcf aturo of $ U ^ Pwrtownt . Tbe priuci-S « L „ T W * reafc attraction . By the KS , . ^ ° low tin di c only a foot in S ? i X \ ? i & a set oT fans - a fio ° d ° * w *» \ i j twent ; y-five tons a minute is thrown up , ami ascends in the form of an imposing , noisy cascade . There are several engines constructed on tma prmoiple-ono from the United States-and something Uk 0 piracy is alleged . There can be no doubt of the great importance of the force thus :.. '

      obtained—an d one of its first applications is seen iu the statement of an exhibitor , that thirty such engines , amounting to 500-hovse power , would abundantly suppl y the metropolis with water . Another and a very interesting class of " maonfflcrym motion * . ' is that connected with the art of printing . A working compositor exhibits a newlyarranged "frame , " and suggests adivison ofthe labour of " setting-up'' and " spacing-out" between two or more hands . Besides a number of lithograph , and one or two of the ordinary stoam presses the proprietors of the Illustrated Mimex-« J „ pTw erful "machinery recent put up at the offices of that paper and of the ThusIt will be

      . remarked by the acute observer , that , while in one instance the form of type travels to and fro beneath the cylinder round which the sheets clings , in the other , the cylinders are placed upright , revolve upon their axes , and have tho "forms" arranged upon their sides , and rotating with them . It is evident that thus the time is saved that is lost in running backwards and forwards . ; and the result is , that tho amazing number of 10 , 000 sheets are printed man hour . Paper-making andhookbinding machinery , and other implements used in the manufacture of a volume , are adjacent—but as they are not yet in motion , they must betaken in another visit .

      Before quittin g these two rooms , let-us recallthe miscellaneous objects which have attracted us in p assing . One of the mojt popular of these is the needier s stall ; at which the operation of punching and grooving is shown . Nigh to this is a wiredrawing apparatus . ' The electrotype process is explained to an admiring group by the covering of a p enny piece with silver , A ropewalk is compressed into a machine ten or a dozen feet in height , in which the cordage' is ingeniously twisted and intertwined , to the . saving of labour as well as space The Irish metropolis contributes a large bell , which hangs in a position easy of approach ; and a ribbon attached to the clapper being jerked by the curious , a startling comment is . given on the doggrell boast of this piece of Dublin casting" Second to none ' Of my weight in tone . "

      giiv h illustrates the operations carried on in its fatso * . * quarries , by steam saw-frames , the first succssstvJ'Iy adapted to the purpose . In the model , eight saws . ? re seen cutting the stone in a slanting direction ; and t't is pointed out , that should any one of the eight freak , a spring instantly releases it from the others , i » . nd allows the work ,, to go on . When the blocks are thiTH sufficiently loosened , they are dislodged by leverage * , and a sort of go-cart lifts and removes them . The same exhibitors , we believe , show a recently-invented brick-waking machine , into which lumps of eiss . are put at one end , to re-appear at the other , of Any length and fhnpc required . By another set of nfsohines , carpenting is done without hands—planing , crooviriff ,

      morticing and tennonin ? , and gutter-cutting for the roof above us . A well-known coffee-seller shows his roasting process—a French chocolate maker exhibits an ornamented addition of what may be seen eratoitously through his window on Holborn-hill Biscuit-makins by machinery 18 also to be seen ; and the "nobility and gentry" are invited to the inspection of a malting and brewing apparatus , by which it is specified , as one advantage , the excise duties-would be avoided . The manufacture of sugar is also illustrated—or will be , when the huge cane-crushers and vacuum pans are set to work and explained by an attendant . A model colliery , with its three shafts , its mimic excavations , audits representative ventilating arrangements , is a hieblv

      interesting ohject , and may be made as instructive by oral information . A collection of the less sightly marine models , and of weighing machinery , occupies the lower part of this immense room ; and along its walla or in the neighbourhood we notice a model of London Bridge , streets , courts , & e ., constructed to explain the inventor ' s notion of street cleansing—namely , by substituting iron for stone kerbs , and fitting them with apertures from which water may be squirted from the Wains , CTOSS the roadway and to the opposite path . Another model shows how railways might penetrate into the heart of the City . An atmospheric railway train is put in motion by . propulsion from one station to another . A yet more daring exhibitor has the model

      of an aerial , pontoon across the CUarinel , from Dover to Calais—inflated bags supporting the roadway , and themselves being detained by anchorage . The process of hat manufacturing is seen , in the several compartments of a glass case . The extraordinary tenacity of a . certain " marine glue , " is shown in the resistance it offered to a force that preferred to rend the main timber . Something of tho same sort is shown by its enthusiastic inventor for more domestic purposes—such as pannelling houses with coloured glass at tho rate of cightpencea foot . The impetus given by the palace in which wo stand to a new order of architecture , is indicated in numerous articles—such as an iron roof , an iron cottage , au " imperishable water shoot , " or roof impervious to wet . And , passing back into the nave , we go through a court appropriated on otic side to the " Society for

      improving tbe Dwellings of the . Poor "~ who show not only plans and models of their establishments , but rooms the facsimile of those in the sot of agricultural cottages whice Prince Albert has jus completed in the Kensington barrack-yard ; the fittings up of which are such as a class of persons above the , poor in tbeir capacity to appreciate but not to obtain tbem , may well envy . It is also pointed out ., tbat these cottages- are built with hollow bricks , from which considerable advantages , economical and sanatory , are expected . Opposite , is an apparatus for the exhibition of a " waterproof brick "—the uweatc-Y of which calls attention to the fact that ordinary bricks absorb moisture quite sufficient to account for the dampness of many houses , and the dirty appearance of many more . ' In the same compartment are numerous other evidences of the undeveloped capabilities of such unpromising material as clay , for the comfort and adornment of our habitations .

      Facts Asd Ixc1dents: Of The Great Exhibi...

      FACTS ASD IXC 1 DENTS : OF THE GREAT EXHIBITION . The funds were increased on ¦ Saturday by the sum of £ G , 0 S 9 lCs ., which was made up as follows : —From season tickets , viz ., 141 'ladies , and eightythree gentlemen ' s admissions , £ 557 lis . 6 dl ; receipts at the doors , from 10 , 120 . visitors at 6 s ., £ 2 , 532 5 s . On Monday £ 2 , 346 ' was taken in 5 s . fees , and the sale of season tickets produced £ 488 , so that the total receipts for the day amounted to £ 2 , 833 ; ' On Tuesday the receipts from 5 s . entrance fees , rose to the enormous sum of £ 3 , 360 15 s ., which with the nmounfc drawn from the sale of season tickets { £ 330 14 s . ) amounted- altogether ' to £ 3 , 7110 . s .

      The Derby day had no effect whatever oh the flow of visitors to ihe Crystal Palace . On tho contrary , the numbers who flocked there on . Wednesday were . greater than ever , and . £ 3 , 512 was taken at the doors ; The sale of season tickets amounted to £ 279 , and the total reeoipts were £ 3 , 792 . On Thursday £ 3 , 797 lis . were taken at the doorsi besides £ 175 7 s . for season tickets , and the whole receipts were £ 3 , 972 18 j . On Friday the-receipts ' atthe doors from 3 s . ' pay i ments amounted tc ^ no less a sum than £ 4 , 085 103 . From the sale of season ticket .- * £ 134 8 s . was taken bo that the total sura was £ 4 , 22918 s , ' Loud Lrioh has invited all bis numerous tenants to visit London at bis expense , that they may see the Crystal Palace and its contents .

      Professor Ansted has announced » series of eight lectures on successive Friday and Saturday mornings , between the hours of nine and twelve o ' clock , in explanation of the mining processes , mineral products and manufactures forwarded for exhibition from various parts of the world . On-Tuesday the chairman of the Metropolitan Loeal Committees g .-ivo a grand entertainment to the foreign commissioners charged with the care of the indiijtrialpi'oducts oftheir respective countries to the Great Exhibition . The dinner took place at the Castle Hotel , Richmond , and vras mo ? t ' sumptuously provided . . 'Five o ' clock was the hour appointed for meeting , and wheii ' at ' . thafc hour tbe guests arrived ; the whole population 6 f tho town turned out to receive thoni . Triumphal-archet spanned the streets , and -flags of-all nations flusteivd with Rurprisin-r profusion from balcon y and

      house-top . * Inscri ptions conveying a hearty , welcome were displayed on every side , iaridsohigb did the general enthusiasm rim , " that repeated pheers broke forth from the crowd when the .. stringers made - their appearance . ¦ ¦ Arrived in the grounds ofthe hotel , an agreeable mode of passing the time till dinner was announced had b ' ch ;' provided '; a series of rowing matches took place on the river , e . -Kfh heat being contested with » ieat spirit aud by experienced oarsmen . During this interval , also , Mr . Chapman printed to Lord Ashburton , the chairman of the day , a congratulatory address , . which his Lordshi p acknowledged in suitable terms . After tho-dinner , speeches wore delivered by the Chairman , M . Ton . Viebahn , M , Van ^ -de Weyer , M . C . Dupin , the Chevalier Da Burg '; , and' Mr ; Paxton , in . proposing or responding to appropriate tOaStS . . . . ' ' . '¦ ' . ' . " - .. - . X ' - : K " . - - ' : ; The Lords ofthe Admiralty ; Thnre granted the workmen in the public dockyards two daji'holid */

      Facts Asd Ixc1dents: Of The Great Exhibi...

      to visit the Exhibition . Other departments will do the same . A letter from Stockholm , of the 3 rd , rays : ~ " It may be remembered that tbe King of Sweden has sent , at his own expense , several distinguished artisans to London to examine the Great exhibition . Now tho Diet , on its side , h as just voted a sum of 12 , 000 rix dollars ( 66 , 000 fr . ) destined to allow 100 clever workmen to proceed to London for the same purpose , "

      The Cbtpt at the Grawuui . —A vast number of the metropolitan visitors liare been within the last fortnight to see the Guildhall . The crypt under part of tbe great ball in which the civic entertainments are given , has been completely cleaned , and the splendid columns hare been to a certain extent polished , and the arches , which arc considered specimens of first rate skill , have been completel y developed , 1 here is in the middle of the crypt a ' largo red granite howl of enormous weight , which has attracted much curiositv . . ,

      A DusERTEn Village . —Many of the respectable shopkeepers of Topsham , in Devonshire , havo suddeniy disappeared to visit the Great Exhibition . 1 hey have , however , taken the precaution to inform their customers ofthe same , bv causing a notice to be stuck against their respective doors , of n „ v ) - £ ? -. ? J ' owin § is a copy :- " Gone to the uojat isxiiioition , to be re-opened when we come back . —Devonshire Carom ' cfe . Tni CnvsrAi . PAi , AcE .-It would seem as if the genius of invention had presided over the erection of the ^ position Building even to its minutest details , so suddenly are unexpected urgencies mot by novel means . The whole ofthe outer baaementand deal skirting which but now presented a raw and

      cow suraco nas , as if b y the magician ' s wand , become a biehlv granulated wood , of a rich and cheerfu hue . This has been effected by a most simple of Stamford . street , wbiob , while it brings up and preserves the natural vein , converts even the softest working wood into an enduring and handsome material , and thus altogetherdiapensing with tho tedious expensive , and artificial graining . The doors of the Crystal Palace are similarly treated , and being on a better planed and more choice description of wood , exemplify the capabilities of this facile application in a very satisfactory manner . Th Opening of tbe Crystal Palaco has been painted by Mr . Louis Haghe , the point chosen for this

      illustrating happy event being tbe moment when pur gracious Queen , surrounded . by all the glittering galaxy of rank and distinction , f shion and beauty , is receiving the address from her Itoyal Consort . . The engraving , drawn on stoae by the artist himself , will bo printed in tinted lithography , which will convey to the , imagination of those not present some idea of the splendid scene . Messrs Ackermann and Co ., of the Strand , her Majesty ' s publishers , are the fortunate purchasers of-this national picture ; and with their usual enterprise , looking to a large sale to remunerate them for their great outlay , instead of to a limited one at a high charge , have determined to furnish copies to the public at such prices as will enable nil classes to possess a brilliant representation of the opening of the World ' s Fair . i

      As on and alter the 20 th instant the charge for admission will be reduced to Is . for four days in tho week , the commissioners have again had under their consideration tbe question of making arrangements for the accommodation of the working-classes who may be expected to arrive from the country . The general result of the inquiries which tho commissioners have made is , that it will be better for them to leave this matter to the exertions of visitors themselves , and to abstain from attempting to organize a system for their accommodation , as it appears that by so doing they would interfere with many praiseworthy undertakings of private

      individuals , by means of which it ia now probable that their object will be more fully accomplished than it could be by any system of central action . The Commissioners have learnt with much satisfaction that in many cases very liberal arrangements have been made for the reception of persons coming f rom particular districts ; where this is not the case they recommend that mechanics should endeavour , by mutual co-operation , and by arrangements made before leaving their homes , to obviate the inconvenience which might arise from their coming tege ^ ther in large numbers , without previously preparing for their accommodation .

      Effects Op Free Trade Upon Wages To Thf....

      EFFECTS OP FREE TRADE UPON WAGES TO THF . EDITOR OF THE KonillERN STAR , Sin , —A writer , whose name I cannot now mention , has the following words : — " From their birth to their grave they never meet with anything but slavery in a thousand different shapes , which , if it does not bow . down the courage ofthe most daring , while hunger oppresses tne body , I know not what will effect it . " We have often been promised that " Free Trade" was to give the working men of England plenty of work , good wages , ana cheap food . The " Free Trade and cheap food " measure was made law in 1816 , and camo into operation in 1849 , Let

      us sec how far the Cumberland Hand-loom Weavers hare realised the fulfilment of such promises ; and , as it is dangerous to state the fall truth , and as hunger tends to destroy tbe courage of " a poor man , you will excuse mo ,. , if I underrate the physical and moral suffering ot my own class . * In the neighbourhood of Carlisle there are about 1 , 833 Hand-loom Weavers , weaving both broad and narrow cotton cloth , Varying in breadth from about thirty-three to seventy-two inches , or , fifty-two inches mean 'breadth . At the present time we get about ninopence-halfpenny . for weaving twenty skeins , or 16 , 800 yards of a cotton thread , besides preparing a larger amount oi cotton yarn in the warp . If the above-named 1 , 833 weavers could weave 200 skeins of weft in tlio week each ,

      that would be 7 s . lid . each , or £ 725 10 s . 3 d . The above ninepence-halfpenny for twenty skeins is the " hiffh wages " of . ISal . I will now show you our condition in 1847 . For performing the above amount of labour in IS 4 X , I find each weaver had Us . Sd ,, instead of 7 s . lid . of the present year . In 1847 tho ' 1 , 888 weavers got £ 1 , 019 5 s . instead oi £ 725 10 a . 3 d . in 1851 . The difference in favour of monopoly in 1847 is £ 293 lis . 9 J ., for the same amount of labour . When it is considered that the weavers , during-the present year , are not above half-employed in this neighbourhood , with present wages , the weaver ' s income is reduced from £ 1 , 019 5 s . in 1847 , to £ 362 15 s , IJd ., or a reduction of money wages to the amount of £ 050 9 s . 10 Jd . a week , that is ' £ 34 , 1378 s . Cd . in the year , for l , Si 3 weaver ' s alone 1

      As there are about 280 , 000 hand-loom weavers in Great Britain ( I take tho government statement made in 1834 ) , and as 1 , 833 weavers have lost in their wages the sum of £ 31 , 137 8 s . 6 d , per annum , what must be tho loss to the above 280 , 000 weavers ? —Answer , £ 4 , 832 , 716 6 s . oi , or move than . one half of the English , Irish , and Scotch poor ' -rates , —and that too in the one . and sole branch of British Labour called Weaving ' . In England , Ireland , and Scotland , it is considered by many that there are about 6 , 000 , 000 people employed in ' all branches of production . If such he the total of British subjects employed , and if their money wages have been reduced in the same ratio as the hand-loom weavers , then the loss in labour and money wages is more

      than' £ 103 , 559 , 485 . I do not say tlv . it all other art'zans havo suffered in the same ratio w ; * th tho weaver ; if auch had been the case tbe system would at once ' break down . ' Who gets ., tlio benefit of this cheap labour ? 1 answer , iu the language of O'Connor , '' the fixed-income class . " In 1 S 47 , when wheatflour was 3 s . 6 d . the stone , and wages Is . 2 d . for ¦ weaving twenty skeins , and in 1851 , when the sume quantity of flour is Is . 7 d . the stone , and .. the same labour 9 } , what difference is there between the two periods of 1847 and 1851 to that gentleman whose income has been hxed at £ 100 per . ' annum ? To answer the ' question , I say , put , tllt'COSt of flout ' , ' 3 s . id . ( the cost of agricultural labour and capital ) , and the cost of . weaving , Is . 2 d ., together / and . you have tho sum of 4 s . 8 ti ., i . e ., the cost of

      agricultural and manufactural labour ; Now , divide the £ 100 by the above 4 s . 8 d . | . and you will find , the rate of command a rich man has over a poor man ' s toil , i . e ., 428 times and foiir-sevenths . Sow , put down tho Is . 7 d . for flour or agriculture , and theOJd . for weaving or manufacture , and you have the sum of 2 s . 4 Jd . ' for both agriculture and manufacture , Divide the £ 100 by the 2 s . 4 id „ and you have 842 . times and a small remainder . ; The last statement is for 1851 : while tbe statement nest preceding is for 1847 . ; so that you see "Free Trade and Cheapness " have benefited no class but ihefixed-ineome class , and that in a double proportion ; therefore as" Labour is . tho source of all ¦ wealth , '' it must loso in proportion as idleness gains . Neither will it be otherwise until liibour finds its lawful position in tbo House of Commons . I am , Sir , yours obediently , PETKli ElCBY .

      The Condition Op Hukoart.-—At A Mcetimj ...

      The Condition op Hukoart .- —At a mcetimj at Sheffield on behalf of the Hungarian refugees , an able advocate of the cause of Hungary was found in a clergyman ofthe Church of England , the Rev . F . Owen , incumbent of Crookes . He has lately traveiled in Hungarv ; before he went , he said , he had read the Times , and was almost an Austrian , but " ho came back a Hungarian . " Since then , he bad read aia far as his time would permit , both sides of the question , and had come to the conclusion that there nefer was a more perfidious , a , more wicked act of villany committed than the Austrian Cabinet was guilty of . He saw " one of the bravest , one of the freest , and one ofthe most illustrious countries under heaven , in possession of the ' stranger and the foreigner—its ancient constitution utterly destroyed , its ancient Diet suppressed , and iu great men , it * nobles , and . itr patriots in exile , imprisoned , dead on the field of battle or the scaffold or driven te a state of mentai derangement . " '

      The Condition Op Hukoart.-—At A Mcetimj ...

      NATIONAL ASSOCIATION Ol ? UNITED TBADES . T Duncombe , Esq ., JI . P ., President . Established 1845 . " rut jusmu . " birincam « n » T * / 0 r th ° WQrWn S C , » S ( = C 3 . " * ' v ^ e If S 2 Ts f <» . to » l « e , or keep up the Reneral Eotl . L nl ? l WrtosaM that tit s would he a thiBff not to be punished , but to be welcomed and rejoiced fiTUAllT . Mttl .

      In the long catalogue of cases in which the Executive of the National Association Las been engaged , iu the character of mediators between their members and their employers , there never has been tbe slightest pretence to charge them with a violation ofthe law . Their policy lias been uniforml y one of peace and persuasion . 'When we havo required concessions on behalf of our members , we have claimed them as acts of favour , rather than of right . Reason and argument have been , in truth , our only weapons ; and the great

      success which has attended our operations , is a powerful testimony iu favour of our policy . We have not oul y ourselves avoided all those doubtful expedients which have been so frequently tortured into crimes , b y the ingenuity of lawyers , and the pliability of j uries , but have as constantl y—by our advice and correspondence with our members—endeavoured to guard them from these dangerous p itfalls . Above all , it has been our study to make our members acquainted with the law of combination . Wo have , upon several occasions , printed for their information the enacting clauses of the act , with Judge Rolfe ' s lucid

      and masterly exposition of their application to tbe unions of workmen ; and , ' we believe we have , in no single instance , travelled out of the path pointed out by that learned judge as proper and lawful . Violence , threats , or intimidation have never been used . or sanctioned , directly or indirectly , by this Committee ; and we shall certainl y be no little astonished if any such charge is attempted to bo set up against ns . This being the case , we are at a loss to discover wherein we nave violated any law . Baron Rolfe , in his summing up to the jury in the case of Jones and Potts against Selsby and others , explains the law in these vhiu and unmistakeable words : —

      Now it is doubtless lawful for people to agree among themselves , not to work except upon certain terms ; that being so . I am not aware of any illegality in their peaceably trying to persuade others to adopt the same view . If it is lawful for half a dozen people to agree together , and say , "Why wo will not work unless Messrs , Jones and Potts raise our wages , " so it is perfectly reasonable to say to a third man , " You had better do that too ; " if they do not use threats to deter them from doing it . Again : —

      My opinion is , that if there was no other object than to persuade people that ft was their interest not to work except for certain wages , and not to work under certain regulations , complied with in a peaceable way , that it was not illegal . If I am wrong , I am sorry for it ; but my opinion ia , that that is the law . Upon this high authority , all that was done in the Wolverhampton case has been withiu the spirit and letter of the law . The men were legally j ustified in agreeing together not to work except at certain wages ; they were equally justified in persuading other men to >

      adopt the same determination . That is all the Committee ever sanctioned , or participated in ; and in this they acted upon Baron Rolfe ' s view of the Jaw , and conceived they were performing their duty . That these proceedings were excessively inconvenient to the employers ; : that the difficulty they experienced iu obtaining hands for the conduct of their business was pecuniarily injurious to them , was the natural consequence of tbeir refusal to pay the market value for their labour , and cannot , vre should think , with any fairness , be charged asa crime against any ofthe defendants .. Otherwise , is the law , to use Lord Denman ' s memorable words , " a delusion , a mockery , and a snare ; " and the sooner the working classes

      are undeceived upon the matter the better . And this is the point to be decided at the forthcoming trial : " Is it lawful to persuade a man to leave the employment of another ? or , is it lawful to persuade a man not to accept work except at certain wages ? " If our view of the matter , founded upon Baron Rolfe ' s construction of the law , is erroneous , then may we dissolve all our trades' societies ; for assuredly , for any practical or useful purpose they will be altogether worthless . The great importance , therefore , of the coming trialto the interests of labour cannot be over estimated . It is to us indeed a question of comparative liberty , or positive and abject slavery and degradation .

      A conspiracy to persuade ! What a solecism ' . They may as well talk of a conspiracy to think . At this rate , to imagine ought against tho interests of the tyrant , capital , will presently be au indictable oftence , and the British labourer will be reduced to a condition infinitel y worse than that of the serfdom of the middle ages . , ( The glorious uncertainty of the law" is proverbial ; and we cannot i . of course , speculate with any certainty upon the

      issue of a contingency of so doubtless a character as the verdict of a middle class jury , or the ruling of a judge ; hut we would desire , for tbe honour of labour , that the question should be met with candour and boldness ,, and no decision be courted or accepted that did not involve a final settlement of the legal question , what are the rights of labour ? Is the opinion , which Baron Rolfe tells us was once entertained in Westminster Hall , the correct-one ? He says : —

      The law certainly now on this subject depends entirely , I believe , ( that is the law about the rights of workmen ) , upon tho last statute { 0 Oca , leap ., 129 ) which has been referred to : before th . 'it statute it always having been considered , whether rightly or not I will not now say , that masters might meet to say that they would not give more than a certain rate of wages , when I first had tho honour of becoming a member of the profession that was understood to be the law . But though the masters might meet to fix the rate of wages , the workmen might not . The masters might agree not to givo more than a certain sumper day .

      There was a meeting of Coach Makers in London , and a variety of other places , at which that was done ; but for the workmen to meet and say , we will not work unless they will g ive us five shillings a-day , or whatever sum they might demand , tbaS was always held to be illegal , and it struck every body ' s mind as being an unjust sort of a distinction . It there is to be any distinction , perhaps , it ought to bft rather the other way , but being felt to be an injustice , it was altered rather more than twenty years ago .

      There can be no doubt > therefore ,, of . the statutable right of trades' combination- for the fixing of the rate of wages , which , if higher than any individual master has been in tb & habit of paying , the enforcing of their legal resolve by the workmen must necessarily tend to impoverish and injure the master ; and if tlua is an indictable offence , what a farce i & the statutable ri g ht of combination . Oflvhat

      earthly value to a . man is the recognition of a right to do a thing , if the practical enforcement of the thing when done is unlawful * We hope that this anomalous clashing of the statute suid common law may be brought to an issue , and that the ri ght of labour may be clearly defined , and tho mode b y which these ri ghts may bo enforced made clear to the comprehension of unlearned men .

      We urge upon the trades of England the duty they owe to themselves and their order , * o enable us , b y their assistance , to obtain a solution of this seeming paradox . But , this assistance , to be of use , must be promptly given , Tho machinery of law cannot be put into motion without adequate means . -There are preliminary steps to be taken requiring a largo sum of money ; we hope , therefore , the old adage will be considered-that " he who gives quickly , give * twice . " ] . ., Wiiuxu Pwi , Sectary 25 ( L Tottenham Court Road .

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), May 24, 1851, page 5, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_24051851/page/5/