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Northern Star (1837-1852), 24th April 1852, Edition 2 of 2, Page 1, T0Liy.P,?S4. ; ; : - won , -™ "sgrs m ^

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      The Stab &;Nmf^^ : , ' Will, After This ...

      THE STAB &; NMf ^^ : ' WILL , AFTER THIS WEEK , BE PUBLISHED UNDEE THE TITLE Of' ? ¦ .=. - '' . V- ' ¦ ' ' " . ¦ ' <¦ " . '" . . - ¦¦ - ... . .. ' ..:... . - - ' ' "¦'¦ . ¦ ¦ ¦ ' . _ _^ -. " .- ... . ¦ . ' } ' 'j / i " r . ' T . a t ! - •' .. ' : . i " - . r . * ' ¦ ' : ¦¦ ¦ ¦¦¦ ¦ :: : ¦ ¦¦ ' : ' ¦• .- /;

      T0liy.P,?S4. ; ; : - Won , -™ "Sgrs M ^

      T 0 Liy . P , ? S 4 . ; ; : - won , - ™ "sgrs ^

      To Headers And Friends

      TO HEADERS AND FRIENDS

      Oar Erfensi ' Wij^ Jjo Doabt, Feel Surpr...

      Oar ErfenSi ' wij ^ jjo doabt , feel surprised at the gingolar headiag . to this day ' s pap ^ r r—The transfer of the ; Joarnal firom itslate to its present Proprietors has necessitated the passing tbronglvaU the formalities attendant on thepublicationo ^ ai new newspaper . We have complied with all therequifements ; of the Sfawip Office ; but it has been impossible to prepare the new- ' distinptive die ia time for thia number , , wani > ing which , it would ";& av ; e boai ; illegal tor the paper to have appeared under theiSitle , solely and exclusively , of the . « . Sta | : of Freea ^ tt . No doubt ^ next week we shall b * in : a poaitiomfa . appear under-oar propel designation . ^ : & ; * ~ ; . , ^ ' ^ ' [' ; , . ; . ; .

      Pas1$ Present, And Future. Cfreme The Li...

      PAS 1 $ PRESENT , AND FUTURE . Cfreme the liberty to tow , to ntter , and to argaefiwJ / , accord fsg to conscience , aboye all libertJes ^ -Mnaoy .

      Fourteen Yeabs have passed away since ; , the . (• Northern ' )« Star' arose in the p olitical firmament to illamiae and guide the suffering children of toil in ibeir straggles towards a better , brighter , future , pouring a flood of light upon the land ; its rays entered the homes of the humblest , and men who had politically been sitting in the _[ Valley of the . Shadow of Death , came to see and 'know each other as brethren . " A God-like impulse-forthwith dictated that -union . —that confederation of ? numbers—b y yhich the weak become mighty , and the poor ( usually go powerless ) are made invincible . . From hill and

      yale-T-from the stifling factory and the grimy workchop—from loom and . forge , poured forth a people unrecognised by legislators and rulers ^ excepting . in the character of blind unreasoning instrumentshewers of wood , and drawers of water—bondmen to create wealth , and slaves to build up the ^ bloodcemented greatness of their rich and privileged masters . That these unhappy heirs of poverty and slavery should presume to speak of themselves as ' the people , * was insolence unexampled , presumption unparalleled . So argned aristocrats and plutocrats . Nothing heeding , that ' people' unknown to the

      4 Constitution' {!) , that nation within a nation ,- raised louder and louder its cry for Liberty—fthe'liherly to live the true life of Humanity—the liberty to , cast off the fetters of serfdom , and- assume the franchises and duties of the Free . Then was heard a sound like that of armies marching to battle—the tramp of thousands , and tens of thousands , as they gathered around Freedom ' s-banner-in those mighty assemblages for which the years 1838 and 1839 . will will long be memorable . . What though nominally no national union er association had existence , though the people , in their respective localities , united under

      auch designations as convenience , taste , or tradition suggested , —some in * Political "Unions , ' others in ' Eadical / ? Chartist , " * Democratic , ' and ' Working Hen ' s 'Associations , —wanting a proper union , ' there was something Better-ilhe union ipf hurts '; ' ; Had that union continued , the establishment ' . ' of popular sovereignty miarbi ie * re dated from the yaw -18 S 9 ; but Hinsion crept into the people ' s ranks , and all . was lost . It would be worse than useless to make this or that section or person responsible for the reverses experienced then and at subsequent times . There were faults all round the compass . Undoubtedly , the

      worst evils were caused by Egotism and Falsehood , the eternal and most fatal foes to Democracy . Enough of the Past . My purpose is not to re-open old wounds , but to revive the recollections of former Energy , and , if possible , to summon that Energy to renewed life and action . Despite mistakes , failure , and suffering , the cause is ad sacred and as worthy of a people ' s support now as it was in the days of' Peterioo , ' or the' first years of Chartism . Popular Education has advanced , the truculent tenets , of ancient Toryism are disavowed by the heirs of Pitt and

      Castxebeagh ; the Whigs have lost their mischievous influence ; and even the middle-class Radicals , though they shrink from adopting the . good and safe principle of ' Justice , to all—Privilege to none , ' yet are fain to confess their impotency unaided by the working classes , thus inviting the unrepresented to dictate the terms on which to found a truly national movement To at once inaugurate such a movement , what is there needed ? Simply the abnegation of personal pretensions , and an numistakeable . desire to make all considerations subservient to the one great end—that of the People ' s Emancipation .

      The ( ' Northern * ) 'Star' has run its course . In its day it enjoyed an influence unexampled in the history of weekly journals . Other newspapers have had as large a circulation , but not one of them has had the influence over masses of men , at one time exercised- bv the 'Star . £ That is should decline in every sense of the term , was but-natural . It was essentiall y the - representative of a pas * phase of political progress .. Democracy ; as now understood , "widel y differs from the Democracy ' of 1839 . The Democracy of the present aspires to a solution of more than tho political question . The right to life

      includes more than the right to a vote , or the r ight to be freed from some portion " of the burden of taxation . The right .- to labour , and to a righteous appropriation of the fruits of his own labour , are part and parcel of the- * Rights of Man . ' But any mere Terbal recognition of these rights in any Declaration , " Charter , or Constitution , would be but a mockery . Nominally , all Britons are ' freehorn ; ' bat do they so live ? The Rights above-named must be . mere abstractions , so long , as privileged classes shall continue to monopolise the soil , credit , and the instruments of production ; and so long as

      vicious arrangements compel the wealth-prodncer to toil chiefly for the benefit of tax-eaters , consumers of rents and dividends , and a class or classes of distributors mnltitudinousl y superfluous . The abolition of proletarianism , the abrogation of that system of yagei-slavery , by which the working classes are held in a descri ption of serfdom , in some respects worse "than that chattle-slavery against which Exeter-hall philanthropists raise such loud outcries , is the mission of Democracy . Unaccompanied by the possession and ercise

      ex of their Social Rights the people would nnd their Political Bi hts barren and valueless . Indeed , history has demonstrated , and never more strikingl y than within the past few years , that , failing to understand , possess , and exercise their Social flights , it is not possible for a people to long retain Possession of their' Political Rights . Universal parage has been repeatedly established by Revolt !* "On , thrones have been overturned and Republics proclaimed j hut because the people were not sufficientl y enlightened and determined to make corresponding social change ? , their victories , their sufferings

      nave been in vain . Blood has flowed like water , vet t Peoples have gained literall y nothing but expe-* ience . May the wisdom which should be the fruit w that experience develop itself when a < jain the Peoples shall be in a position to forecast their future . to 1 re ^ ° f Labour to Capital ; and the means pat - ^ en » ployed for the working man ' s social emanci-- " -tbes ' ij ? ut violence or wrong to any other man , Tio » .. i i ^ -important questions are henceforth

      inse-« n it ¦ { - ? "S ** 64 with democracy' Social Reform Reform ^ n ° tthe Iess de l ) endent u P p « l » tica ] the Jr * . " ^ usurpati on and Class-legislation are Suff rW owners to Social Progress . Universal a fr ee rT ^ ^ bv an intelligent people—implies diate reSS > ^ reeo om association , and the imme-0 r gradual recovery of all those social ri ghts

      Pas1$ Present, And Future. Cfreme The Li...

      and powers wanting which Labour , must ' remain the dependant , the slave of Money and Privilege . " - Iu ' another , and most ' important , respect , the Der mocracy \ of 1852 ; differsfrotoithafrofc 183 k := Anjpng other lessons taught by experiien . ee muBt : byinc 1 uded that of the - ' solidarity of nations . ' . ; ' Had : ' Frahce carried her Rev olotion of February beyond-the fron-Werithe ^ Reacti On would have been stifled in its birth , ^ orope -would iaye ^ heen . -free , ' . and- France would

      have escaped' her present humiliation . England is not blaraelessciThe British Government coerced the Portuguese , deluded , ^ andi abandoned the Sicilians ; conmj ^*^ e destro $ ion of . Italian Freedom ^ and pe ^ mitl ^ Hhe'subjngation . dftfiungaryby a foreign invader . At this hour , it is in the name of England that our rulers basely pay homage to . the tyrants of the Continent , and still more meanly submit to wrong and insult at the hands of the slaves and satellites of

      Austria- To this policy , at once both slavish and criminal , the sentiments of the Brttifh people . are opposed . But their sentiments , are unrepresented in the Cabinet and Legislature . Far from reflecting that sympathy for ' oppressed nationalities , ' which , . undoubtedly , is cherished by the majority of the British People , British Statesmen , so-called , are eager to apologise for the crimes of -the European despots , both legitimate and illegitimate . . That the . chiefs of the two great , parties , the leaders of both the late arid present . Governments , vied with each other in their praise of the French usurper , at ainoment when the heart of every honest man ' beat with the strongest

      indignation at the contemplation of that tyrant's atrocities , is . a fact that , reflects , not more disgrace npon a Derby arid a Russele's than humiliation upon the county ^ shonoured by their rule . It is time thaTEngland ghouldforsakeher policy of selfish isolation ; and assume a position answering to the claims of Humanity . All other European nations are gagged or overawed , and if not here , then nowhere on this aide of the Atlantic may freedom look for a true and faithful ally . Nations have their duties as well as individuals : and certain it is that

      all the duties of this country are not comprised in the Manchester formula—to 'buy in the cheapest and sell in the dearest market . ' One grand , leading duty tor this nation to perform , is to take the initiative and the lead in that organisation of the peoples which no terror ^ no proscription , can much longer prevent . In the great war of principles , England will be compelled to take a side . The sympathies of our rulers are evidentl y on the side of the despots . To , nullify this great evil British Democracy must declare its unequivocal 1 adhesion to the cause of the peoples . ...

      " THE STAR OF FREEDOM " will represent these advanced phases of Democracy . It wiU contend for the Social Rights and Social Salvation of , the People ; ar id will insist upon the necessity and duty of all nations-combining to work out" thwr common deliverance . But above and before ' all , the " Stab , op Freedom " . will " advocate such a reform in our Political Institutions as will ; invest the People with ' sovereign authority , and thereby enable them to work out

      their own regeneration , and to give effective aid to their . "BrethrehVof ^ otnetf - lands ; - -Of " all'Political Reforms , the first to be sought is Reform in Parliament ; and of all schemes for reforming the Representation , there is but one worthy the People ' s support—that which will enable every man to exercise his rights as a citizen , fully and freely , through the means of Universal Suffrage , Vote by Ballot , Ahnual Parliaments , Equal Electoral Districts , No Property Qualuicatios , and Payment op Members .

      To revive the energy and to te-establish the union so strikingly manifested in the early days of the ' Northern Star , ' to collect the scattered forces of Democracy , to unite hearts and hands in national combination for the triumph of our snered principles , will he the unceasing , unswerving aim of L'AMI DU PEUPLE .

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      jftwtgn ana © olomal $ nto \ Us $ \ m *

      France. (From Our Own Correspondent), , ...

      FRANCE . ( From our own Correspondent ) , , Pabis , Wednesday , April 21 st , 1852 . From Paris starts the signal for the uprising of nations . Of late it has always been the Trench who bare set the example of sacred insurrection and revolution . Over the whole continent of Europe , the . enslaved , depraved , and wretched people nave no hope save in a general appeal to arms . They wait the signal . The tocsin must sound here , the clang of arms , the beating of drums , the roaring of cannon in Paris , will , therefore , be sweet music to the ears of the oppressed nations of Europe .

      Europe presents a strange spectacle . She is like some flock of innocent sheep , with , at the throat of every one , a furious bull-dog pinning them to the earth . In the centre is a sullen old ram , held down by one of the fierce hounds that once guarded the gates of Hades . The . old ram is still , butqnly preparing to struggle . The rest look on anxiously ; at the least movement of the leader they will struggle also . Hungary , though trodden under foot by despotism , though crushed by taxes , though overrun with spies , is bat a volcano gradually . inflaming , and . its lava mounting to the surface ; Poland sighs to be in motion ; Rome is Kept still by an army of police and twenty thousand foreign troops ; Venice longs , ardently , to see her beloved Manin once more ; Milan is more sombre and Austrian-hating than ever ; Vienna is kept still . only by an overwhelming military force ; Berlin the same ; Baden , Hesse-Cassel ,

      and ffurtemburg likewise ; while Prance lies for the moment nros . tta . te beneath the voke ot an iron despot , the rival of 5 ero and Caligula . - But Prance is only temporarily quiet . She longs for action . A vast army , the apathy consequent on February and June , 1848 , lavish expenditure of public money , the anxiety for aume repose , keep the Trench still . But when the end of the year comes , when a reckoning takes place , when a crushing deficit' astound thb nrth ' oto .- ¦ x > ni ' iua , ' when a year shalj have wearied the people of a gagged press , a defunct tribune , a sham representative ; when " they shall sicken at being plundered , robbed , stri pped by a gang of bandits , as shameless and vile as Jack Sbeppard , Jlaudvin , or Cartouche ( one taking twelve millions , another 100 . 000 francs , another 30 , 000 , and so on ) then the hatred , contempt , and di-gust of the nation will explode , and we shall again be launched on the stormy path of revolution .

      The present calm is wholly factitious . An insurrection in Paris , which is being prepared unceasingly by Orleanists and Republicans , would end all . let the Republicans rise and triumph in Paris , and the face of Europe would be changed in a week . The Pope would fly once m ore , and the wretched ruffian of Naples would be expelled from bis throne , while ilazzini at Rome , Manin at Venice , Kossuth in Hungary , other patriots at Milan , Vienna , Berlin , would vindicate the rights of man , and establish , once for all , peace , unity , and concord . Let none deceire themselves . This democratic revolution must , and will take place . The sooner it comes the better . The state of the press is dismally ludicrous . The editors know not what to say , so they say nothing . They are threatened with seizure for a gibe , for the merest allusion which looks like opposition . Tbe " Charivari" has been threatened with extinction , for a hint tcllin » against the President ' s nasal organ , lie has not forgotten the continued satires upon himself which appeared before December .

      The review ami fete of the tenth is finally selected as tho day on which the Empire ia to bo proclaimed—accidents excepted . Now the accident that stands in the way is the determined opposition of the Emperor of Russia , who upheld the so-called rights of Henry V ., Count de Cbambord . The Muscovite Czar is very willing for Louis Napoleon to bring the French people to boot , to teach theih reasonable notions , to make them mind authority , to habituate them to military and priestly rule , all with a view to tbe glorious restorationof the divine right , Bourbons . An imperial dynasty on fhe throne , firmly fixe , d , would militate against this blessed consummation . So the Emperor of Bussia protests , and Hapoleon hesitates .

      A pretty thing it is that a conclave of ruffians—such as Alexander Russia , Francis Austria , Ferdinand Bomba , Louis France and fools , such as Henry V ., should have anything to do with the fate of the unfortunate millions . Tuese fellows actually fancy that the nations of the earth have been made for their good pleasure , forgetting that , but

      France. (From Our Own Correspondent), , ...

      for i „ ridiculous accident , . they ,, might 'have , been born John Tomkinsi ] . Bilt Slater ,. or , ' any . other ., heroic . ' democratic individual ,-orVret ^ real progress until-we strip rank ,-power ,-title , of its gaudy trappings , and look at them intheir nakedness ; , '; . ' . The history , of monaroby . is this : ¦ A hundred men , a hundred families find themselves on an island . There are ninety industrious , hard working men , and ten idle raaoajs . But these idle rascals " are clever and acute ; and audacious ; so they band together ^ take . advan . tage of the disunion and ignorance of their fellows , ' and levy plunder on the rest , . which they call taxes ,. - Then the cleverest rogue . of the ten is named captain ,. duke . 'kjng , \ while , to ensure the continuations of hls ^ tyrahny > he ^ rewardshis associates with titles , a sbaref of the" plunder , makes , himself'hereditary ohief , and'so bh ' . "; "In- 'courfle of timej . thanks to the ignorance of the nfnaty and their descendants , they forget how rascally their rulers .- ! came- to be over us , \ and are led to believe that God put ^ them at their 1 -head . Hence the

      absurb belief in di vine right . Ia all countries some similar process , in barbarous times , has Jed to monarchy and aristocracy , which ,, from tradition ,, vie are ninies enough enough to regard with veneration and respect . ; " . ' "There ' s a good time coming . '' ^ . ,., ; . . The gradual abolition of-the standing army in France is called for by the Republicans . They are convinced that there is no hope for ; economy , or retrenchment , or for Demooracy , until this nuisance , is abolished . ¦ ,, - ; Arrests , transportation ' s , exiling , ' continue with unabated vigour . No man is . safe ; . Np , man . dares to express an opinion for fear of arrest .- . The least disrespectful allusion to the Prince PresidenV-is * followed' by arrest and imprisonment . The infamous spy / system is carried out to a frightful extent—it is the bulwark of the new constitution . But there are events brewing of which-the future'knows nothing . I shall keep you well up to the Democratic news of Paris , and send you extracts from the reports of my cor-. reaponderit at Vienna'j , ' Y enicej and Berlin , dec . There are events of moment at hand .

      CRUSADE AGAINST , THE ; FOREIGN JOURNALS-. THE COMING "EMPIRE "—THE VICTIMS OF TYRANNY—PRECAUTIONS AGAINST THE WORKMEN-DEATHS OF NOTABLE ,. CHARACTERS . On Sunday . ; a . general ; razzia was made on the foreign newspapers received at'the post-office .-In answer to inquiries , the applicants were informed that orders had been sent from M . de Maiipas to send all the / journals received from abroad to the ministry of policed Suchi an act of despotism exceeds , tho-jtyrannical . system ' of ' Russia and Austria . For some time past-great irregularity baa been experienced in the "distribution of foreign papers , the greater part of which , particularly those froih'Belgium and Switzerland , are kept back till their intelligence is out of date . Evidently the system of terror on which the present

      government , leans is , instead of relaxing , growing more . intense . Discontentmultiplies , ah'd'in proportion must be multiplied the pressure which coerces all complaint ; No class escapes the vexatious activity of the . government , whose iron hand p inches in all direotionsi and smites all who groan under the infliction . But of ail the fantastic , schemes afoot , the debasement of the ' copper , coinage is that which will most completely depopulate thePresident , whoseeffigy is to bespread by : this means .- What peasant throughout France will be brought to understand-how he ' can suffer aught but loss by being forced , to'give up apenny that weighs an ounce , to receive in turn one-that weighs only half an ounce . What' better- ' argument against the government de / acto would the faotionsof ^ pretenders desire to put in the hands of all Frenchmen than this dwarfed copper

      piece ; which is ' to penetrate every where .: . A' government that shows so little , policy in ; its' reforms is likel y at . no very distant ' - ' period /' to aifford a very gratifying . spectacle . to its enemies , " by " making .. ' use . bf the rope allowed itlri the manner ; they " most desire . Hence , there is little tendency towardsfreshadhesions on the part of important men , The purses afforded out of the publio . pocke ^ to senatorial sinecures are unenvie ' d'hy'tne'p ' rudenfr'in proportion to the smothered indignation of the oppressed tax-payer . It is reported that several distinguished professional men have refused the oatb of fidelity to the President as well as M . Martin ( de Strasbourg . ) Among these are M . Villemain , secretary of the Academy ; : Jules Simon ,

      professor at the Sorbonne , and formerly member of the constituent assembly ; Boissonnarde , professor at the Sorbonne , and a celebrated Greek scholar ; Boussingault , member of the Academy of Sciences , and professor at tbe " Conservatoire des Aris et Metiers ; " and several professors of rhetoric in the colleges of Paris . The following passage of the " Moniteur de 1 'Araee , " the official military journal , has been much noticed : — «• The grand ceremony of the 10 th of May will be an admirable military fete , in which the entire army will be represented , and will give to the head of the state a fresh assurance of its devoted concurrence towards all the great measures which are about to lift society upon a solid and durable base . " *

      It is impossible that language can speak clearer the ntention of the army to propose the empire ; these words admit of no other interpretation . What is to be the President's demeanour in the presence of this demonstration , and how is he to make good his speech of March 29 at the Tuileries ? In ihe meantime , this great military fete absorbs public attention . An altar will be erected in the midst of the square , mass will be celebrated in the open air , as in the great civic fetes of the first revolution , and . then the distribution of the eagl es will commence / upon the same spot : where the Emperor in person performed Jhis function after his coronation . Five thousand plates for officers' schakos have been ordered from a manufacturer of the Marais , bearing the eagle , with a space left for a orown .

      The minister of general police has sent acircular to the prefects of departments , containing directions with respect to political offenders who have been condemned by the departmental commissions to internement ( forced residence in a particular place ) , and to surveillance of the police . The minister says that the object of the internement is to " de « stroyrelattons and influences which had produced grave disorders and veritable dangers ; " and , that the object of surveiJfance is ' - " to prevent communications destined t 6 favour plots against the sa ' ety of the state ; or manoeuvres of a nature to compromise pnblio tranquillity . " The internts are to be subjected to surveillance , ' iand bdfch ' they and the stirveilles are to present themselves once afortnight before the

      local authorities of the place in which they reside . Tbey are hot to leave the'depar'tment , even for a temporary purpose , without permission ; and the prefect of the department to which theymay wish to go is to be informed when the permission is granted .. The-prefects are to display great severity with respect to demands to visit Lyons and the neighbourhood or Versailles ,-and are to display great reserve in-granting authorisations'to visit the departments of the Allier , the Basses-Alpes , the Ardeche , the Cher , the Herault , the Indre , the-Kievr * , and the Var . * Theminister reserves to himself alone the power of giving authorisations to visit Paris or its lanliew , ami inti ' rtmica that ihry will wljr be granted a «_ on exceptional favour in very serious cases . . "

      ' . The following is the form of a recantation which the political prisoners in the south of France have been forced to . sign by the grace commissioner , M . Quentin Bauchart . before the clemency of the President could be extended to them : — " I , the undersigned , —— , declare that I accept with gratitude the pardon granted , me by the Prince President of the Republic of the penalty of expulsion from Franco , to which I was condemned by the mixed commission , and I promise never to belong to any secret society , never again to occupy myself with politics , and to be faithful to the covernment which France gave to herself by the votes ' of 20 th and 21 st Dec , 1851 . I also promise to conform as a person under « surveillance , ' to the orders of tlie authorities . "

      Orders have been sent to several prefects in the south of France to send no more political exiles into Belgium , but only to England . Some few from some of the provinces are to be sent into Spain , but upon condition of proving their means of existence , and undertaking not to reside near the frontier . Two newspapers in the department of the Gironde , tbe " Journal du ' Peuple" the " Courier de la Gironde , " have been seized . The term of the imprisonment of M . Proudhon having expired , he has been exiled into Belgium , and Bastogne has been fixed as his place of residence . A letter from Bordeaux of the 14 th inst . states that there were several women amongst the political prisoners embarked on board the steam vessel Colbert for transportation to Algeria .

      The Tribunal of Correctional Police-continues to punish with a certain degree of severity tho persons guilty of using insulting language respecting the President of the Republic . On Saturday a workman named Humbcl was sentenced to six months'imprisonment and lOOf . fine for that offence ; another , named Charbonnet , to six months' imprisonment ; and a third , named Guerin , to a month ' s imprisonment . It appears that the immense influx of workmen to Paris has excited the fears of the President , who is naturally apprehensive that , in the event of any outbreak , the conflict between them and the military would assume a very serious aspect . . The President has , consequently , directed the Minister of General Police to address a circular to the Prefects of departments to exercise great reserve in furnishing paatports to working men desirous of proceeding to Paris .

      France. (From Our Own Correspondent), , ...

      Very few are likely ^ to obtain ; these ; necessary documents , as it is to beacbh'diti ^ njhat , they . ; s , hall possess sufficient resources ' to : enable ^ without labour . ; ' . _ . ,,... ¦ V ' Prince Paul'of Wurtemberg , brother of \ the reigning King ' bf Wuctembergi protbef-in-law of-Jerbme ^ Bdnaparte , and consequently uncle of the President , expired on Friday the 16 th , at his hotel in the Place Vendomo . It is said that tbe prince was converted before his death from the Protestant faith to Roman Catholicism . ; . -.-- - Marshal Gerard died on Saturday , at four in the afternoon , In the seventy-ninth year of his . age . Etienne Maurice Gerard / Count and Marshal of France , . was born inAnrilw . 1773 . at Damviiliers ( Meuse ) . He entered the

      army as'WolunteennlTOK He was present at Fleiirus ; was atone time aide . de camp of Bernadotte ; was colonel at Austerlitz ; general of brigade in the Russian campaigh ; general of division in September , 1812 ; count of the Empire in 1813 ; marshal of France in 1830 ; peer of France at the same .. time ; .. general-in-chief at the taking of Antwerp in 1832 ; twice Minister of War ; twice If resident of the Council of Ministers ; commander in-chief of the National Guards of the . Seine ; twice Grand Chancellor of the : Legion of Honour ; Grand Cross of that order since July 29 , 1814 ., . The deceased took part in all the great battles of the- Empire . ¦ In consequence of the death of Marshal Gerard there remain at present only five marshals in France—Reille , promoted in 1847 j Jerome Bonaparte , in 1860 : and ExcelmahsHarispe , and Vaillant , in 1851 .

      , The money hitherto raised by the sale of Louis Philippe ' s books has . been-seizedi .. The ' sale ' will doubtless be suspended . . ' ' ¦ Some of the members of . . the Oonseil des Prud hommes , and the delegates of the workmen employed in the shawl manufactories of the department of the Seine , have ^ presented a petition to the President of the Republic , praying him to cause an import duty of lOOOf . each to be placed-on long Gachemire shawls of foreign manufacture , and SOOf . on square shawls . The petitioners state that this duty is necessary for their protection , as , although the shawls of French manufacture are . they say , superior in beauty and quality to the

      Indian Cacherhires imported from Enaland . ^ the latter have a preference , merely because tbey are of foreign make . A letter from Bourges of the 16 th irisfc . announces an incendiary fire to have taken place on Easter Sunday morning in" a wood not far from the town , by which an extent of twenty-five acres was burnt down . There appears to exist no doubt that this fire was the work of incendiaries , who fifteen days previously set fire to the forest of Plaimpied , the property of the hospitals of Bourges . The " Journal de 1 'Yonne " of , tbe lGth inst . contains an account of a great number of incendiary fires which had taken place in that department within a few days .

      On Monday night 300 political prisoners were packed off in companies , from the fort . of Ivry , to the terminus of the Rouen Railway M whence = 'thoy were conveyed to Havre to be embarked for the penal colony , of Lambessa , in Africa . Among these unfortunate persons was M . Souesme , whose pardon having been announced in , some paper , drew rcclamations from the <' Assemblee Natioriale" against this excess of clemency . ' •' ''• ' The extinction of . opinion in two fresh provincial newspapers is announced to-day . The ; ' Union"' of Dinan , and

      the "Commerce Breton" of St . Malo , announce that they cease , under thepresent circumstances of thepress , to have anything to do with politics ; - In the list given by the "Moniteur ' . ' of the lectures which are to open at the Sovoonne , the name of M . Jules Simon , i professor of philosophy , does not appear . M . Jules Simon was member of the Constituent , and belongs to the party ; of Moderate Republicans represented by General Cavaignac . The omission of his nape in the official organ is attributed to the refusal of M . Jules Simon to take the path of fidelity to the President . . . . - ' ' v . ' . '' ¦ ' ,.. " ' . ' : r ¦ ' : ''" .. ..:

      A new circular has been issued by . the Minister of Police , tj > his ^' Bubprdinates , the . police inspectors-general , designed to put a specious i varnish upon the odious ' spy ¦ system of which he has been mado the head . To these gentlemen , ei ght only in number , is confided the " lofty mission" of pouring perpetual floods of light upon the Prince President of the Republic relative to the wants , wishes , interests , habits , and tendencies of thirty millions of Frenchmen . If they act up to M . Maupas ' s instructions , they will certainly be the mosthard worked men in France . They are not to remain long at home , but are to be continually running about in their bailiwicks ; learning the price of corn and other provisions , inquiring what leases are to be renewed , what property is to be sold , how agriculture , commerce , and manufactures are going on , and what may be the daily

      stato of charitable establishments , mortgage banks , and all useful and philanthropical institutions . Public morals ,-public religion , public theatres , and public-houses , are all to be under their superintendence . They are to push their way into tho master ' s manufactory and the operative's hovel , and to be continually putting questions to masters and men . In addition to this they are to act as lecturers , and aro to preach everywhere the virtues of the Prince President of the Republic . The impertinent interference implied in the . above catalogue will not in all probability be so extensive as may be intended because , unless the inspectors be more than mortal , their time will be fully occupied with the more congenial part of their duties pointed out in conclusion , namely , to keep a sharp look-out upon secret societies , books , newspapers , and all political

      conversation . The following placard was lately found upon the walls of the mayor ' s house at Florao ( Lozero ) underneath the copy of the President ' s speech at the installation of the great bodies of the state : — * . ' Impudent usurper ! God is our defender , and , in spite of the oppression of your despotism , Socialism , which His Son planted upon the earth , will remain standing , for He has said , All shall pass away , but My words shall not pass away . ' . . . "( Signed ) . , An Unfortunate Proscribed . " Underneath this were drawings of a death ' s head and a dagger . % he Mayor of Rouen has decreed that the Place and Rue de la Republiquo shall in future be called the Place and Rue Imperiale . The . " Moniteur" announces that the distribution of eagles to the National Guard will not take place at the same time aa to tho army , but is adjourned to August loth .

      GERMANY . Bnanif , April 16 . —The new constitution for tbe Electorate of Hesse has been ; published at Cassel on the 14 th inst . Having been . drawn up by . the federal commissioners and M . Hasaenpflug in the plentitudeof arbitary power , it maj be taken as ' a fair sample of the sort of thing which absolutists in Germany are willing to let pass under the name of a constitution . That it offers no real check to the governing power may be presumed . The thing is not worth more than this notice , excepting the addition that the enjoyment of civil rights is made dependent on the confession of Christianity , whereby the emancipation-of the Jews irillesse is totally recinded . The death of the Grand Duke of Baden is now hourly expected . . The emigration from Germany has so increased that the Bremen journals record almost with terror the number of persons who sailed from that port on one day , the 15 th ; it is estimated as above 5 , 000 . ftfeaSB is estimated as above 5 , 000 . % & $ S

      BELGIUM . —The Chambers were prorogued on'the 17 th by proclamation . An el ctric despatch from Berlin , dated April' 19 , says : — " The opening of the Congress of the Zolleverein took place to-day . M . do Manteuffel , President of the Council of Ministers ,, pronounced the opening discourse , in which lie expressed a regret that circumstances had not permitted government to convoke the Congress sooner . At tho same time ho hoped that their deliberations would have for results the renewal of the Zolleverein , and that it would be extended to other states , by means of treaties having for effect to draw closer the existing union , by creating new interests , destined to develop material prosperity . Letters from Cassel state , that several political persons have been arrested , on secret information given by a yoiin ' j ; painfer , who , as a compensation for his disclosures , Stipulated for hia maintenance in Rome , whilst prosecuting his studies .

      AUSTRIA AND ITALY . It is reported at Vienna that things are in such a sad state in Italy , that the troops " do regular police duty . " Two circumstances which occurred not long since at Florence form very pretty " pendants" to the Mather story . As an Austrian guard was passing , an Italianwhether intentionally or not my informant did not knowspit close before the offiuer in command ; tho latter arrested the offender , and made each of the men spit in his face . A young man , the . ^ on of tho President of some judicial court , who was walking hi the outskirts of the

      town , and reading , accidentall y ran against an Austrian captain . The latter employed some offensive epithets , which wore returned with interest by the hot-blooded Italian . The end of tho matter was that the man in uniform had the civilian arrested , and twenty-five blows were inflicted upon , him . in Austrian military fashion . It is said that the couimander of the corps in Tuscany was so offended at the behaviour of his subaltern , that the latter was removed from Florence . . A day or two after the Italian had been flogged , an Austrian officer was severely wounded as he was returning home after dark . It is the

      France. (From Our Own Correspondent), , ...

      Oidnion of my . informant that thincs cannot possibly re- ' main as they how are in Italy for any ' length of . time ' . ' 'The Austrian" officers openly say that ¦ they , / should like ' - ' - ' to ' drive , the Italians into the sea , " and'the Italians vowthat if . they had the'power they would ' put every one of their oppressors to the sword . ' ! . - ¦ Accounts from Naples , dated the 14 th" instant ; state that , during the last few days the politically accused , amounting to twenty-eight , had been removed from the prisons of Naples to the penal islands . '' ¦ The accounts from Montefusco , where Poerio and his companions are confined , are still very sad , A special orderhaS arrived , from the general of the district , atuMontefiisco which say ' s , " These prisoners are to b ' e ' treated ^ ttfthefiill prison severity , especially Poerio and Nisco , who are not worthy to live . Theu are to have no medical treatment . "

      IONIAN ISLANDS . .-, € A letter written by an English visitor to ! Corfu , says .:-- , » e are all speculating oh Louis Napoleon ' s movement ' s ; and the . doings of the new English Ministry , but princi- = pally with reference to the war question , and as to any change in the , governor of these islands , who is quite as , tyrannical in his way , though a Whig , as Louis Napoleon ., As far as I can judge the people will not stand it much longer , and you will hear more of his doings in England , before long , "

      TURKEY . „ J . 6 naTe received accounts from Constantinople , to the otlunst . Public attention was much excited in the Turkish capital , by the movements of troops which were taking place in tho neighbourhood of tho Moldavia-Walachian provinces , and by the presence of the Emperor Nicholas in Bessarabia , where he was about to pass some grand reviews . The Divan does not , however , appear to share in the apprehensions entertained by the public on this suhject . ^ An ambassador with a numerous suite has arrived from Candahar . A few days since ho remitted his letters- of credence to the Sultau , who received him with great courtesy . It is said that the mission relates to certain

      concessions Claimed for tho pilgrims of the north of India . Otherswillhave it that it concerns the Herat question , and that tho ambassador has instructions to engage the Sultan to declare war against Persia . A great mystery is attached to tho nogotiatious with the Porte , which cannot ultimately but become public .

      SWITZERLAND . ' A telegraphic despatch received yesterday from Our Paris correspondent announces the termination of the electoral contest in the canton of Berne . The . question for the v «« ters was , shall the mandate of the council , an executive body , liberal but conservative , be enrolled or not ? The answer is 42 , 000 votes for maintaining the council in office until the lapse of the period v for which they were elected , and but 36 , 000 for the revocation .

      AMERICA . PARTY . CONTESTS-FATAL RIOT-KOSSUTH , AT MOBILE AND NEW ORLEANS-ABOMINATIONS OF SLAVERY-DREADFUL SfEAM-BOAT DISASTERSr-Ac , & c . Tbe I'New York Tribune" of the 7 th inst . reports that the politicians of both parties . ' have been actively at work within the two preceding weeks , marshalling their forces and making preliminary arrangements for the Presidential contest in November . . The Whigs of Kentucky seem to have chosen for their candidate as future President , the present occupant , Millard Fillmore , in preference to Scott or Webster . Judge Douglas seems to be the favourite of the Westers Democrats . ... ,

      An awful not took place at the election in St . Louis lately . , As near as can be ascertained , a few Germans took offence at some cause not stated , and fired with guns , from one of the houses in tho . vicinity upon a crowd atone of the polls . The latter became infuriated , and tore down the house . The alarm soon spread , and a mob , was speedily collected who were also fired upon from the windows of three or four houses , which in their turn were demolished . A large number of persons were either killed or wounded during the melee . Kossuth has had a most enthusiastic reception at Mobile . The meeting was very large and unanimous . Many of the most distinguished Alabamians participated . The date of his return to New York was uncertain . lie was said to have received a considerable sum of money in aid oi hia cause . Kossuth ' s visit to New Orleans appears to have been rather of a private than a public character .

      Another fugitive , Ores Preston , has been arrested at New York , torn from his home and family , and consignd to slavery , " It is useless , " says tho " Tribune , " for us to attempt to depict the grief and despair of Preston ' s wife , when her husband was torn from her by the officers , nor the pitiful sorrow of his little step-daughter , who was there to take leave of him ; but in place of our report of tears and exclamations of these bereaved ones , every wife and child can imagine what their feelings would be if the husband and father should be suddenly seized , doomed to endless bondage , and hurried from them for ever . "

      We are glad to follow with an opposite picture to the above : The late Mrs . Ware , of Frankfort , Kentucky , by her will emancipated all her slaves—thirty in number—and purchased for them thirteen hundred acres of good land in Ohio , lying on the Miami Canal . Twenty-seven of these disenthralled human beings recently arrived in Cincinnati , from Frankfort in charge of the executor of the estate of : their late mistress and were purchasing waggons , agrioul- ¦ tural implements , and stores for their new home . On the night of the 5 tb , a storm of wind , and snow , and I bail , combined , broke upon tho city of New York , doing ; considerable damage to property . Tho tide in the North 1 River rose 80 high that the water in many places broke over r the piers , and in West , and other adjoining streets , a large e number of streets were flooded , Destructive fires had occurred at Paducah , Kentucky , ' ^ Louisville , and Elizabeth City , North Carolina .

      Intelligence had reached New York of the total loss of > f the steamship North America , Capt . Blethen , which vesselel belonged to Mr . Yanderbilt , and was employed on the newiw lino between San Juan and San Francisco . It appears thatat on tho night of the 28 th of February , this splendid vesselel ran on a sunken reef about seventy miles south of Aoapulcojo . The night was fortunately calm and clear , which enableded all the passengers and crew to get ashore in safety . Thehe vessel was bound from San Juan to San Francisco , 'andnd had on board about 800 passengers . These unfortanatato people with the crew had made their way to Acapulco byby land . The passengers by the steamship Tennessee , whieheh touched at that port at the time , bound for San Francisco ^ o , generously made up a purse of 1 , 000 dollars for the relief of of the sufferers , buk thia would render little aid . toward supnp- plying the wants of so many people who were in a state of of entire destitution . ¦ ¦> . ¦ .-

      ' The steamer Independence , with a valuable freightlii , had been totally wrecked at Malta-Gorda . She run aground nd in a terrible storm , and went to pieces . The whole cargo , ; o , and many of the passengers , were lost . —On the 3 rd , the he steamer Redstone , from Afaunson ( la . ) , for Cincinnati , witaith about seventy persons on board , blew up as she was leavingng port . The force of the explosion was terrific , and com-mpletely shattered tho boat , which immediately sunk in in twenty feet of water . Only tho captain and clerk weraere saved , and the former was severely , if not fatally , injured . ed . On the 4 th the steamer Glencoe , of New Orleans , whilaiila . matting her landing at St . Louis , burst all her boilers , andimL taking firo , burnt to the water's edge . She had 150 pas-tas--sengevs , a large number of whom were killed ; and threaree ! other steamers , lying along side , sustained considerabloble : damage , and a number of men belonging-to those vesseltseli !

      vrere also killed by the explosion . —On the evening of the thtf 1 st instant , as the steamer City of Richmond was going ug ut [ the bay to New York , a schooner was seen to settle dowrowrt stern foremost ; four men were seen on board , for ward ard I when all of a sudden she disappeared . "" A boat waslowereiereii from the steamer , but none of the crew could be foundundl Somo articles wero picked up . among which was a watewtercask , on which was painted Rainbow , " Her mast-headieadl still remained about four feet above water . Advices from Ecuador report that a fleet , composed o > d o : two barks and tour smal'er vesse l s , were seen lying ok p ll rumba ? . It was supposed this was Flores' squadron witlwitl ; , which he intended to attack that town , and was preparinprin | i tor an engagement . The government bad despatched > ed war steamer against Flores' fleet . Flores had bought tht thi l ' acifio Steam Navigation Company ' s steamer Chili , and had hat engaged from 2 , 000 to 2 , 500 men , principally Germans ans am Irish .

      According to correspondence from Havana , received sed it New York , there had been a serious hailstorm in CubiCubn which had injured the tobacco crops . ^ The sugar grindinndirn had also" been affected by rains . The greatest preparepaiw lions were making for a series of mapificent fetes \ tes \\ Havana . * Advices from Costa Rica , of recent date , give a favouavouu able account of the progress of that Republic , and rod 11 the efforts making to enable it to share in the auvuiiugnug ; opened up by tho stream of traffic passing along its borde > ordee through the adjoining Stn'tp o'' Nicaragua .

      Tub Ilbroi"I Or Tub 111 Fated Aiuzo.V.-M...

      Tub IlBROi"i or tub 111 fated Aiuzo . v .-Miss Smith aiith aai her aged r . iother , who have for the last two months beis bee staying at Winchester , left the residence of the Mayorayorr Southampton , on Thursday , by the railway , for PubH-ubivu .

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), April 24, 1852, page 1, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_24041852/page/1/