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    under their favour after much bloodshed,...

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    ^m-dgu jtnteUigf nee

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    ITALY. THE FRENCH IK ROME. The following...

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    -Mrs. SmithtO'Bries and her children ret...

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  • Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.

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    Under Their Favour After Much Bloodshed,...

    ¦ • - ' ' ¦ * . . - ^ -- ? A- ^ . ¦¦¦ ¦ " - \ j ' ^ - ^' -- ^ A ^^ : ^^ . July 21 / 1849 . a . ¦ V ¦ ' ^ - T ^ HE NORTHERN STAR . -- rrrrrrT

    ^M-Dgu Jtnteuigf Nee

    ^ m-dgu jtnteUigf nee

    Italy. The French Ik Rome. The Following...

    ITALY . THE FRENCH IK ROME . The following account of the surrender of the citv and subsequent events we take from thc' Daily Sews ' : — Rome . 3 vvt 1 . —At the conclusion of niy letter yesterray sueruoon , the operations of the siege were still proceeding actively , and before evening , the Romans , worn-out and disheartened , lost the "Villa A' ascello and the other positions beyond the wails which they bad till then occupied . Many reasons combined to render their con dition every moment more desperate , ar . il il .-: advance of the Bench more certain . The 1 CSS of r . nmbers of officers , the sfanlanty of dress !** c * in the Roman line ar . d the I tench troops

    ( by which same nocturnal surprises of fatal consequence have : aken plase , ) the discouragement produced bv seven or eight hundred men being put 7 wrs de combat , and , above all , the " unremitting shower of bombs asd grenades poured over the Koman positions , saww the prospect of another sli g ht of hostilities and bombardments aV « te- horrible and hopples * . The possession of the Villa Vascjllo , immediately oppos i ^ the Porta Saa Pancrszio , with which it comaiimitatcs by a covered way , hit the French , . morally ? peak : n ? , complete masters of the gate ; and , ^ to render the entry more sure , their battery at the "Villa Ojiaur . Venli was unceasingly employ , d in opening a l . reach in the bastion on the riant of the gate , so as to be able to attack at every pilot at

    once . The report of General Garibaldi towards ihe dose Of the di" w .: s to the effect tliai he could bold his positioasuniil about eight o'clock , beyond which time he considered the Jasiculum as untenable , end proposed , s $ the only phw of . defence practicable ( should the government intend to continue any defences : 3 : 1 . ) to withdraw the troops to the left side of the Tiber , break down the bridgss , and ieave the leigni ? , tr-Kiher with Trastevere , and , in fact , everything 0 ! i the right bank , iu the po wer « t the enemy . This pis ;; . vricn would have placed the whole city at the test of a ferocious army , wbose mortars and heavy arriliny experienc * shows us would certainly not h ? vs bvea lefi inactive flaring ihe night , was not recommended by Garibaldi , but rne . -wy mentioned as ihe enh reclaming method of opposing the enemy ' s

    progress . The S ^ oaal Assembly , after bavins duly wt igbed all theiii os and cons , came to the rescn ' uiicii , as you are already aware , to " discontinue a defence which was no longer possible , hut to reni ani at its post . " Thus no political concession was made , no point given en ; whatever change will henceforth take place ¦ will ba V . cder the inflaeuce of foreign bayonets and in cosstqaence of superior force . . This d-ierniinatioa being taken , the triumvirate directed lac municipality to take the opportune steps for tht- safety of the city , in consequence of which that body wrote to the British and American consuls oegging iheai to repair to the French camp in order to prepare the way for treating ofthotfi details which peculiarly belong to the municipality of Home .

    Thc Br itish consul replied to the members of the deputation that he did not consider himself justified ia SCtinc without previously consulting the body of foreign consuls , and that , in his opinion , it was . unnecessary for consuls to go to the camp merely to preps .- <> she way for the municipality ; but that if they sal with any obstacle to tfct-ir reception on ihe part of General Oudiaot , be should then suggest to his colleagues to accompany him to the French cimp ,

    and v » ss their united endeavours to mitigate ihe horrors , of sar , beyond which be did not consider himself called on by the necessity of the case to act . This plan the municipality adopted , and despatched a dragoon with a flag of truce at half-past tight last night , snnonncrng the determination of the National Assembly , and stating that three members of the municipality ( the senator Sturbinetti , with De Andreis and Pasquali ) would follow shortly after , to request a conference with General Oudinot .

    The vat result of Ibis deputation has been that we have all passed a quiet night , without the danger of being burnt or brained in our beds , an advantage to be the more appreciated when it comes immediately after sjicIi a nig ht as that of the 29 th . An ; oi : srst the many reasons which determined the National Assembly to discontinue the defence . I may mention ibat of a scarcity of ammunition . The continual firing , during two months , in one inrcetion or another , had nearly exhausted the stock in ihe city ;

    and the French col only intercepted the supplies & ent from tiie provinces , but took the trouble of destroying all ihe powder-mills and iron-foundries in the neighbourhood . Their last exploit in this way has heen the complete destruction of the long-established powde ? manufactory at Tivali , by 1 , 600 men , under the command of General Sauvan . " A superior eflicer of artillery reported yesterday that the ammunition would barely suffice to keep up eight or ten hours ' more iif « at thejate then going on .

    Th * bombaronjent , loo , mternipiing the silence and irauquillfcy of the night , began to produce a certa « o degree of trepidation ; net in the lower classes ( for they are heroically disposed * ven now ) , but is the middle ranks of citizens , unused to hardship , an = l onwil ' = ing to see their wives and children destroyed by Ondinot ' s projectiles . JUku praise is due to Mr . Moore , the British consul at- Ancona , for his assistance in facilitating the . ' :.- ? : « ucure of those euforlunate refugees who have compromised themselves in the late events , and there is no doubt that our consul i : ere will , on thc score of humanity , adopt a similar course .

    Haif-past Two , p . m . —1 have just learned the actual state of negotiations . The deputation was well received by Oudinot , who did justice to th > bravtry ' . vita which the city had been defended , and desive-rl the deputies ! to form the conditions to be obssmd on the entry of the Trench troops . They are as follows : — 1 . The French army will enter Rome , and take up the pillion it shall think proper . 2 . Those Roman troops which , by common agreement General Oudiaot and the Roman commanders , will be destined to remain in the city , will perform the ser-Tiea of tho city and the Castle of St . Angelo jointly with the Trench troops . 3 . The Roman militarv

    aut ' iorities will appoint various quarters for the other troops ef ail anus who will not remain in the city . -I . The communications with Rome , now interrupted by the French army , will be again free . 5 . Tee preparations for defending the interior of the ei : y , !» eiug now useless , will he removed , and free arcutoion re-established . G . Individual liberty and the inviolability of persons for any antecedent act , js v 7 « U as the safety of properly , will he guaranteed indistinctly to all . 7 . Thc national guard is kept in active service within the limits of its instifHtina . 8 . France srilZ not interfere ia the internal administration of the country . Such are the conditions now under discussion /

    It k siid that Oudinot requires the Castle of St . Angela all to himself , bat that the other articles will rnees with no opposicioa , The Triumvirate resigned this morning , it being contrary to Mszz ' ni ' s principle to yield . The Assembly is now uncertain whether to elect the consuls , as decreed by the constitution of ihe Republic , or ! o appoint a new trium"virate . In case of Oudinot ' s refusal to grant reasonable terms , hostilities will be furiouslv renewed . St . Pietro in iiontorio and the right of the Jamcuius : are still held b y the Romans , and the French lines are a stone ' s throw off . So much exasperation prevails in the city , that the shopkeepers this morning commenced rending down the French signs and inscriptions which the more fashionable of them had hitherto displayed for the attraction of foreigners and winter visitors . We have an armistice of fifty

    hours , Jclt 2 . —Yesterday afternoon I visited the Porta San Pancrazio , and the principal positions still in the hands ot the Romans . These are the gate itself , with the wall to the left of it as far as the first bastion ( which is occupied by the French ) , the road leading down to the city , the Pauline fountain , with the surrounding vineyards , San Pietro in Montorio , and all below that church . On the ri ght of the gate , the most important point is the Villa Savorelli , formerly Garibaldi ' s head-quarters , but now almost mined by the French cannon . Garibaldi himself

    was visiting his onfposts whilst I was there , and was enthusiastically cheered by his attached followers , in the full si ght and hearing of the enemy ' s soldiers , who were crowded on the first bastion , gazing down on the noble city at their feet . Tie National Assembly last ni ght concluded its voting upon , the republican constitution with all cotweraent dignity , and replaced the ex-triumvirate * £ ??* £ * citlsens Salieeti , Calandrelli , and JJSi ^ ° ffice ' " Theassembly also discusse , wSST if ^*»'"« . ^ icb , being drawn np seqiumtfy distracted bvTS * * ° IS C ° * Wd ^^^ S" * reports , more ¦ The corps of Lombards has just f avn „ BA ¦ « , „ ' „ -refits colonel , ***& ££$ !* *

    Italy. The French Ik Rome. The Following...

    the church of St . Lorenza in Lucina , where the funeral obsequies were celebrated . A numerous body of staff-officers attended , and volhes were fired on the PiaZZa , asa last salute to the deceased commander . Thus has t ^^^ Jfitt heroes . Rich , young , and noble , he devoted his life courageou Iv to the cause of his country , and his SSSwre' Viva 1 ' Italia ! Viva la Repubhca !' Jolt 3 . —The closing act of the Roman drama the

    ( at least for the present ) has arrived at last , and vviud-up brings on events one after Enother as suddenly as in the final chapter of one of Scott ' s novels . In order to resume the narrative where it left off yesterday , 1 must inform you that the terms offered by G sneral Oudinot were such as to be quite inadmissible by the municipal deputation , the only guarantee for the lives , liberties , and property of compromised individuals being the ' honour and liberal princip les of France ! ' A moment of great

    uncertainty followed—desperate resistance was again thought of . The Ponte Quatro Capi was partially demolished—hut the evident destruction ot the city , and the unavoidable sacrifice of thousands of lives , without after all obtaining the end proposed , induced the Assembly to persist in lis decree of offering no farther opposition to the French army , and to declare that it yielded to superior force , without approving or agreeing to the proposed conditions . An eloquent , although vehement , funeral discourse was Gari

    pronounced in the church of St . Lorenzo by - baldi ' s chaplain , in which , after eulogising the valour and virtues of the deceased Colonel Manara , he proceeded to deplore the late course of events and the evil fortune of the Roman arms , and entreated the people not to be led away by the hypocrisies of the se venty purple wolves ( so he termed the cardinals ) , or by the sacrilegious benedictions of the bloodstained pastor about to bs brought back by French tyranny . Crowds of listeners applauded the enthusiastic preacher .

    In the afternoon preparations were made for the departure of those regiments desirous of following the waning star of Garibaldi , and the Piazza of St . John Lateran was appointed as their rendezvous . About ten thousand men of different corps met there towards sunset , on being withdrawn from the gates , ramparts and other points of defence previously occupied by them , and were addressed by the hardy general in a frank and admonitory tone . He informed them that he would willingly take for his companions in arms such as were not intimidated by the thought of dangers and privations , but he entreated such as ' had no stomach to the fight , ' to " remain behind whilst it was yet time , as it might he

    their lot , in the adventurous course they were about to pursue under his guidance , to undergo more than usually fell to a soldier ' s share . Accounts differ very much with respect to the actual number of men who set out with the general during the night , it being variously stated at four , six , and twelve thousand , with cavalry and artillery , but it is certain that detachments are continually following him with baggage-carts , horses , & c . His intention appears to be to gain the mountains above Tivoli , and thence probably the range of the Abruzzi , where he will be

    safe beyond the reach of French and Austrians , and ready to act on the rear of either when an opportunity presents itself . It is said that Generals Bariolucci , Galelti , and Ifaselli accompanied him , as well as the ex-triumvir Mazzini , so that the principle and the action of republicanism are still in company although in exile . Nor are they indeed inactive in Rome , for , in spite of a French array having occupied the city , the deputies of the National Assembly solemnly proclaimed the constitution of the republic from the great balcony of the Capitol this morning at twelve o ' clock .

    Too French troops have as yet only occupied Trastevere and the bridges . The 53 rd , 36 th , and 22 nd regiments of infantry , with the 1 st battalion of Chasseurs d'Crleans have been destined to these posts , and a picquct of gensdarmes a clseval is quartered at the barracks of the carbineers , at the Piazza del Popolo . No disorder whateverhas taken place : the soldiers are walking about without arms , and their good behaviour and light-hear ; ed insouciance seems to produce a favourable impression in Trastevere . They exchange black looks , however , with some stragglers of the Lombard or Garibaldi legion , who casnot so soon forget the desperate rivalry of ' the imminent deadly breach . '

    The ' Speranza of Rome , of the 2 nd , publishes the following proclamation of the late Triumvirs to the people of Rome- It is dated the 1 st : Romans!—The Triumvirate has voluntarily resigned . The Constituent Assembly will announce to you the names of our successors . The Assembly desirous , after the success yesterday by the enemy , of saving Rome from extreme dangers , and of preventing other precious lives from being lost , without any advantage to the defence , has decreed the cessation of resistance . The men who had governed while the struggle continued , could not continue to govern in the new state of things that a wails ycu . The mandate confided to them has ceased de facto , and they have hastened to return it info the hands of the Assembly . Romans ! brethren 1 — You have

    signed a page which will live in history asa warrant of the energy that slumbered within you , and of your future acts , which no force can deprive you of . You have given a baptism of glory , and a consecration by generous blood , to ihe new life whieh dawns over Iialy , a collective life , the life of a people that will and shall exist . Under the republican banner you have redeemed the honour of oar common country , which in other parts the acts of traitors had contaminated , and monarchial weakness had reduced to naught . Your triumvirs , returning among you as simple citizens , are happy in the conscientious feeling of their pure intention , and in the honour of having associated their names with your heroic deeds . A cloud now arises between your future destiny and you . It is but the cloud of a pasiing hour . Be constant in the conscience of

    your right , asd in the faith for which many of your bravest brethren died as its armed apostles . God who hath collected their blood , is your security . God wills that Rome be free and great , and she shall be so . Yours is not a defeat , it is a victory of martyrs to whom the sepulchre is the road to heaven . When Heaven shall shine resplendent with resurrection for you—when shortly , the price of the sacrifice you have joyfully encountered for the sake of your honour , will be repaid to you , may you then remember the men who shared your vicissitudes for months , who now share your sufferings , and who will to-morrow , if necessary , mingling in your ranks , fight your new battles . TheRomau Republic for over 1 The Triumvirs , G . Mazzini , C . Armellixi , a . Saffi .

    The following is the letter in which Mazzini announced his determination to resign : — 'Aly conscience forbids my announcing to Gen . Oudinot the decree of the Assembly of the 30 th of June . I was by your mandate chosen a triumvirate to defend the Republic and Rome . The act yon now refer to me the execution of , changes that mandate . I therefore feel myself freed from it . 1 resign it again into jour Lands . ' Jolt 4 . —The number of troops that left Rome with Garibaldi appears not to have surpassed tbree or four thousand men , but the mass of the army will , if not hindered by the French , shortly follow in the same direction . Tbe National Assembly , decided

    yesterday , in a secret meeting , to appoint a com-: mittee of nine of its members , charged to accompany the army , * to direct and communicate the result of its operations , and in case of the Assembly now sitting at the Capitol being dissolved by force , to represent in the provinces the sovereignty of the people . Mazzini , who has not as yet left Rome , Cernuschi , Sterbini , and other influential deputies of extreme principles , were named for . this office . The entry of the French troops , en masse , did not lake place nntil seven o ' clock yesterday evening , but the gates were occupied by them at a much earlier hour , and small parties of four and five at a time were to be seen walking about the streets as early as

    noonan imprudent thing for the general to allow , ' and one that was very near producing more fatal results than those already to be deplored . . The public mind was too exasperated to look calmly on the authors of so much mischief , and the few officers who ventured into cafes , eating-houses , or public places , were immediatel ' left' alone in their glory ' by the Romans abandoning their vicinity : Some priests and spies , who were more amiable in their mariners , and went so far as " to applaud the -new arrivers in a public manner , were killed by the people on the- spot , and one' or two unwise French stragglers were only rescued by the national guard from a similar fate . >

    The main body . of the army was saluted , on the whole line of its march through the streets , but especially lathe Corso and Piazzi Colonna vrith ' tremendous shouts of Viva la Republica Roinaha ! ' 'Viva l'ltalia ! ' 'Death to Oudinot ! ' 'Down with the priests ! ' with other com pliments of a more practical nature , such' as flinging tin buckets and other noisy missiles at the heels of the soldiers ; so as to interrupt the ; movements of the . platoons , ' arid ie ^ uiied ti menace mtb . levelled baybuets in order

    Italy. The French Ik Rome. The Following...

    to put a sfop ' to similar demonstrations . As soon as the long array of military closed , and the last ranks defiled past the great cafe Ruspoli , the people seized the national flag , the Italian tricolour , which always waves from the cafe balcony , and bore it aloft with stunning cheers , amidst tumultuous crowds immediately after the French troops . At Piazza Colonna , a melee took place / the rear ranks of the soldiers charging with their bayonets , in order to capture

    the banner . The unarmed leaders of the people tore open their waistcoats , and in their enthusiasm opposed their bare breasts to the steel points of their enemy ' s weapons , exclaiming , « Strike us—kill unarmed men , ye infamous papal assassins ! ' An exhortation which f ortunately the soldiers did not think proper to act upon , nor did they appear very proud of the figure they cut on their entry into the Eternal City , amidst the execrations of its unfortu naie and ill-used inhabitants .

    A proclamation from the National Assembl y , published in the morning , announced the arrival or' the French , and recommended abstinence from all vengeance , as useless and unworth y of the dignity of Roman citizens . General Oudinot and his staff were disgusted by the national guards at the corpsde-gardes on his passage not rising or paying him the military salute due to his rank , and the barricades had to he pulled down by the French soldiers themselves in the absolute dearth of Roman labourers . At- dark the troops were consigned to their various quarters , or rather bivouacs , for they passed the

    uight on the principal piazzas of the city . It is affirmed as pos tively official'that , since the commencement of the expedition , no fewer than 52 , 000 men of all arms have left Toulon for the Roman States . Is it surprising that , with such an arrry at its gates for two months , Rome should have yielded at last ? And yet , had not bombardment been resorted to ( an expedient never employed in honourable warfare after a breach has heen effected ) , the struggle might have heen protracted some time longer , and broujhMo a murderous barricade conflict at the last .

    Considerable discontent and some alarm have been produced by the entry of the French troops having been preceded by no proclamation ; and the absolute silence of Oudinot , who , with bis staff , has taken up his residence at Palazzo Colonna ( the French' embassy ) , raises a suspicion that military law is to be the order of the day , and thousands of compromised individuals consequently implore the protection of the British flag . Our consul , in concert with the Jtoman ministers and police authorities , is exerting himself most humanely in their behalf , and has already given several hundred passports for the almost only remaining seat of liberty , Eng land and her dependencies .

    As to the remnants of the Roman army , they are to occupy the positions of Ronciglione , Spoleto , and Rieti , for which towns they are leaving the capital in detachments , chiefly by . night , with their arms , artillery , and baggage . Of the movements of Garibaldi nothing is known as yet , except that his corps succeeded in marching into the Campagna without further molestation thau that offered by the scouring parties of French cavalry . One of the vicims of popular fury yesterday was the Abate Pefetti , a well-known character , and an intimate friend of a physician who has an extensive practice amongst English visitors at Rome , by name fantaleoni . Some sneering and imprudent allusions from these two individvsls , as they went down the Corso in a carriage , roused the jfalous susceptibility

    of the already irritated bystanders . The carriage was stopped , and the two anti-liberals attacked so furiously , that it was only by defending himself vigorously with a sword-stick that the doctor suecceded in making his escape , whilst the Abate , less active or less fortunate , fell pierced with several dagger wounds . Thus , crimes which have been unknown here for months are sanguinarily renewed on the entry of the ' soi-disant' « friends of order . ' It is to be feared that the excessive disdain with which the Rorsans treat the French ( appearing more like victors than vanquished ) may lead to some tragic scenes ; but it is at the same time just to acknowledge that much forbearance has been hitherto displayed by the new comers . Three Romans were this morning arrested by the French , but were subsequently handed over to the local authorities .

    Fresh bodies of cavalry are continually arriving this morning from Monte Mario , Ponte Molle , and the surrounding Campagna—chasseurs , dragoons , and gendarmes—hardy , soldier-like men , that would certainly look with surprise and contempt on the two or three hundred Roman horsemen , who , with Garibaldi ' s five and twenty lancers , presumed to take the fluid against their numerous and disciplined regiments . The following is the proclamation published by General Oudinot at bis entrance into Rome on the 3 rd instant s' INHABITANTS OF HOME .

    • The army sent by the French republic into your territory has for its mission to re-establish that order which is the wish of the . people . A factious or erring minority has compelled me to the necessity of assaulting your ramparts . We are masters of the city . We will execute our mission . In the midst of the tokens ol sympathy with which we have been greeted , wherever the sentiments of the real Roman population were not in the least dubious , some hostile clamours have been heard , and have obliged us to use immediate repressive means . All good men , the true lovers of liberty , may now take heart , but let the enemies of order and of public tranquillity learn , that if any oppressive manifestations , excited by a foreign faction , should be renewed , they will be put down with rigour . In order to give to public

    security positive guarantees , the following dispositions are decreed pro tern . AH the powers of the state are united iu the military authorities . These will immediately associate with them , in the ^ exercise of these powers , the municipal authorities . The Assembly the government , whose , violent and oppressive reign began with ingratitude and terminated in an impious appeal to arms against a nation friendl y to the Roman populations , the clubs , and political associations , have ceased to exist . All publications by means of the press , all handbills not authorised by the military authorities , arc for the present forbidden , be crimes against person and property are to be referred to thc military tribunals . General Rostolin is appointed governor of Rome . General Sanvant , commaadaut of the city . Colonel Sot , town major . ' ( Signed ) Oudinot .

    It seems that Oudinot has sent fo the I'ope the keys of Rome . He has established his head quarters at the Corsini palace . It is said that M , de Corcelles will be civil govenor of Rome , and Monsignor lloberti pontifical commissary . The commissary of Ancona , Domenico Savelli , has published a decree re-establishing the old papal authority In the provinces of Urbiflo Pesaro , Macerata , Ancona , Termo , Ascoli , Camerino , and Loretto . ( From the ' Morning Chronicle . 0 Rome , Joly 5 . —Last evening , at a quarter past seven o ' clock , as the Roman Constituent Assembly was sitting , it being in permanence , and under the temporary presiderice Of M . Buonaparte , cidevant

    Prince de Canino , a French officer , attended by a strong escort of infantry , presented himself in the hall of the Assembly at the Capitol , and summoned the members to disperse . M . Buonaparte , remonstrated , saying that they only sat there in consequence of the expressed will of the people of the Roman states , over whose liberties it was their duty to watch ; But he spoke in vain . ; The officer ohserved that his orders were ; positive , and that there was no alternative ; and the members in consequence withdrew amidst murmurs Of ill-suppressed indignation . Thus has a foreign army taken hpori itself to dissolve a bod y which is as legitimate an expression of the popular will as the legislature that sits at the Palais deBourlnnr-Conde .

    More French infantry were moved- in last nig ht . Rome is occupied in force ; strong patrols of cavalry and infantry marching throughthe streets ! and large bodies of men bivouacking in all the ' public places . The barricades have , now nearl y disappeared : All access to Monte Pincio , or passage by the great staircase which leads to Trinita del Monti , is debarred by pickets of French soldiers , the freedom of locomotion being thus farther abridged . In * the Piazza'del Popolo , from which radiate the three princip ^ ljines of streets , are ; six pieces of artillery of large calibre , two of ' them placed at the - opening of . the Corso , so as to sweep the street ! ° ( From the' Daily News . ' ) It seems that Mazzini has taken refuge on board the Bulldog , with Avezzana and : Prince Canino The English steamer sailed with them to Malta .

    The following . proclamation was published at Rome on the 5 th :- ^ . ( Inhabitants of Rime 1—The general commander . m-chief of . the French array has named cae governor of your city . I assume this character with the firm intention of seconding energeticall y , by all the means in my power , the measures already taken by the general-m-chief Insecure your tranquillity and protect your persons and your property . I take the following measures : —Fro nvthis day—1 . Crowds in the streets are prohibited , and will be dispersed by

    Italy. The French Ik Rome. The Following...

    tnrrt 2 -The retreat will be beaten at nine p . m Circula tion in the streets shall cease ^ at half-past 2 At that hour public p laces shall be closed 3 The political clubs which , contrary to the proclamation of the General-in-Chief , have not yet been SS Sail be so by force , and the proprietors or t Solders of the p laces where such circles m . gh U f Sto exist , , bSl be P ^^ ^ K .... a . "Rwprv violence or insult orrerea to our Sers , o ; toEJ who " ^ in friend . y relation ^ with the of

    provisionhe n everv impediment laid in way tu , fl rmv shall be immediately punished in an !? JStoy W ^ 5 PhysSans and public funetionar rslne \ riH ' be allowed freely to walk the s reets at nig ht . They must , however , be fn ™» ! . ™" oass signed bv the military authority , and sh all be s r tedftom ' station to station to the place : they intend to go . Inhabitants of Rome 1 you want order IwUUuaranteeit to you . Those who intend to prolonfyrr oppres Jn , shall find in me an

    inflexible seventy . , ' The General of Division , Rostolan . The Pope , on receiving the keys of the Portese and San Pancrazio gates of Rome , named a commission that was to proceed to the Eternal City to arrange , with M . M . de Corcell es and an Austrian agent , the mode of his return to Rome . The French , Belgian , and Spanish ministers have gone also to Rome for the same purpose . f It is said that an engagemen t had taken place in the vicinity of Rome , between the French and Garibaldi , and had been unfavourable to the latter . Three regiments of Roman infantry and one of cavalry had been preserved , the Others dissolved . Cernuschi , one of the members of the late commission of barricades , has been arrested by General Oudinot . Rome has been declared in a state of

    siege . The private correspondent of the ' Opinione ' of Turin writes , on the 5 th ;— 'Hostile demonstrations continue . When a Frenchman enters a coffeeroom , all the Italians withdravy . Several innkeepers , being afraid to lose their native customers , have refused to lodge the invaders . If . in the streets , a Frenchman apply for information , no reply is returned to him . Such is the situation of Rome . The English and American consuls are our sole protectors . They deliver passports to those who demand them , and are always ready to extend their protection to the patriots who claim it . General Oudinot endeavoured by fine promises to prevail on Garibaldi to give up the French who fought under his orders , but the brave Italian left the French Cossack all the shame attending his proposition , and replied that , in order to arrive at his soldiers , he

    should pass over his body . The Avvcnire of Turin has advices from Rome up to the 7 th . It states that Ciceroacchio has been arrested ; that most of the soldiers of the Jtoman army have applied for their discharge , and that only a few hundreds remain , notwithstanding tho denomination of the Roman' army they receive in their proclamations . All ' superior functionaries have given in their resignation en masse , notwithstanding their having been warmly pressed to remain . General Itosclliand his staff have refused their adhesion to a government the nature of which is still open to conjecture . The municipality of Rome has nnlilislwul a nrnelnm . ition dcclarin < r that it has no

    hand whatever in the measures taken by the military authorities , and that it remains at its post to protect the interests of the citizens . Garibaldi had been seen by a waggoner in the vicinity of Monterotondo , with plenty of ammunition and provisions . Thc Tuscan authorities at the frontiers do not allow Italians with British passports to pass . The Corrierc Mercantile of Genoa states that , by an order of General Oudinot , all the treasury hills issued by the late Roman government are to be presented within ten days at the treasury office to receive anew stamp ; ' The civic guard is dissolved , and will be reorganised on its old basis . A general

    disarming has been ' ordered in thc city ot Home tor the 8 th . From the 10 th all persons found in possession of arms are to bo judged by court-martial . Householders in whose houses arms are found concealed , are liable to tho same process , Whoever refuses to give up his arms shall be forced to comply by military measures . The French sentinels at the gates are to visit carefully all carts and packhorscs leaving the town , and arrest all persons who may attempt to pass with arms and ammunition , or precious articles . The gates of San Lorenzo , Sahira , and Angelica , are closed . M . de Corcelles and M . de Rayncval have arrived at Rome .

    Letters from Genoa state that a steame r had arrived there with a largo party of Lombards , Tuscans , and other Italians , who had taken part in the defence of Rome , and who had escaped after the surrender ot tho city to the French . Tho Genoese authorities refused to allow them to land , and the French consul also refused to give them passports for Marseilles , so that the captain of tho vessel was at loss how to get rid of his cargo . On the 11 th , when tho letter was written , the question was not settled .

    The Pope has addressed an autograph letter to General Oudinot on the occasion of receiving the keys of the city of Rome , prcscuted to him by Col . Xiel , who was despatched to Gaeta for that object . His Holiness-congratulates the General on the triumph of order over anarchy gained by the French arms in Rome . He expresses his hopo that Divine Providence-will remove the difficulties that may still exist . lie adds that he does not cease to direct his prayers to Heaven for tho General , the army , the French Government , and tho French nation . The letter was dated Gaeta , tho 5 th .

    THE WAR IN HUNGARY . Kossuih and his ministers issued on the 27 th ultimo , at Buda-Pesfh , a proclamation calling upon the people in the most emphatic languaga to rise ia arms against-the invader . The burthen of this remarkable appeal is , ' Arise , arise , or be for ever fallen ! ' The campaign against the Austro-Russian army is called the 'Crusade . ' It is manifestly intended to work on the religious feelings of the people , and to add spiritual wings to their patriotism .

    Dcmbinski was in Peslb , where he was well received . But this great commander seems to have resigned his post at the head of the arm y of the north , which has been taken by Vtsoczky . The motive assigned for his resignation was , that he was prevented from carrying into execution hip plan of breaking into Galicia , Perczel was also at Pesth , and charged with the organisation of the . ' crusade . ' The tumber of people who had joined the crusade is reported at a figure truly incredible . . According to letters from Pesth , Kossuth had , on the 1 st of July , announced in placards the retirement of the government with the ministerial offices , & c , to Szegedin , assigning the approach of the Russian

    army as tne ground . The change was effected on ( he 2 nd . Before setting out for Szegedin , Kossuth issued a proclamation calling out the landsturm . All men from fifteen to sixty , are called upon to meet at the RukesfMd , near Pesth , to take up crms against the Russians . The alarm which prevailed in Pesth was naturally great , and the Austrian party in the town were already bestirring themselves . One , and not the least of the embarrassments after the retaking of Pesth , would arise from the Hungarian hank notes , which are the only money there , being prohibited from circulation by martial law . Haynau

    persists in enacting the part of an Attila . Both the towns of Szerad and Czigard , which sided with the Hungarians in the battle fought there , were , by his orders , sacked and burned to the ground , Presh executions bad also taken place in Presburg . AH the members of the Committee of National Defence of the Debreczin parliament , who fall prisoners into the hands of the Imperialists , are , by a new ordinance of Haynau * commanded to be shot or banged immediately ; and the idea of Windischgratz , who made the Jewish communities responsible for the . smuggling , espionage , & c ., of their single member , is aiopled by Haynau .

    In the' Warsaw Gazette' appears the third bulletin of . General Paskiewitch , detailing the operations of the Russian army in the north from the 20 th tothe . 23 rd June . Thecbief matter reported is General Rudiger ' s : encounter at Szeben , which has been already described . General Grabb ' s operationson the Arva and U pper Waag are also given , ' from which it appears that his head-quarters were still atAlso-Kubin , on the Afva . ' He madetwo recorinaisahces in that mountainous district , one extending a few leagues along the road to Neutra , through Turany , andZtuzan to St . Martin , arid the other to Rosenberg , . meeting with barricades of felled timber , defended by small guerilla bands ' , with whom a few shots were interchanged . On the 5 th aud 6 th , several waggons of wounded were brought into Presbure . ;

    We extract the following from a correspondent to the 'Cologne Gazette' for the 12 ch of this month '" — ' From the Western Seat - \ 6 f . ' WauJ - ^ - The news . concerning the state of affairs- before Comorn is very obscure . The district of ; the' Waag is riot yet left b y the Magyars , Haynau has again caused two villages to be pillaged and then laid in ashes , whilst ; . ; : he at-the' same time' fills-the . « Presburg Gaze tp witb sentences of death . Southwards , on he Croat 1 anfrontier ,. th 6 corps formed b y the juncton of Zeisberg ' s and Nugent ' s , and which had been brought to a numerical strength'bf 17 , 000 men by JKr P ? , ? IW * **• assumed the offerf sire at PeUau , and . will proceed from Warasdin

    Italy. The French Ik Rome. The Following...

    against theDrau line . Allying corps under Major Dondorfis intended to act in the region of the Platten lake . ¦ ¦ ^ „ . _ T ^ From thb Northebn Seat of WAR . —xne Russians ad vance slowly and surely , surrounding the country with a great army-net . The main army has entered Pesth again according to reports circulating in Vienna , but we rather think it is still in Debreczin . Concerning the corps sent to Tokay , which forced there the passage of the Theiss , a

    reoort in the New : Prussian Gazette' from Gahcifl says : — 'The commanding General , Tzadajef , marched rapidly from Tokay against Debreczin , and has probably by this time ( on the 1 st or 2 nd inst . ) occupied it without serious resistance . A whole division ( four regiments ) of lig ht cavalry flew along with its cavalry before it like a storm , to prevent the insurgents from carrying off their stores of provisions , & c . The manoeuvre , by its very surprise appears to have succeeded , and the whole corps ( twenty-five

    battalions strong in infantry alone ) thereupon entered Debreczin . From here however Tzadajef marched immediately with a part of his troops against Szoluok , in order to gain this important position on the Theiss and near the railway to Pesth . Ihe latest intelligence says he was still on bis march thither and would reach it without difficulty . ' In Galicia the Russians are collecting another large armv at Przemgel , with the intention of occupying all the principal towns and strong points of the kingdom ; sixty or even eig hty thousand men are to remain permanently there . The Polish nobility are therefore flying already from their estates , as for instance the Princes Sap ieha , Pohl , Dwemicki , amongst others . ¦ " ¦

    . . „ Southern Seat of War . —Here also the news is of the same obscure nature . The Ban has again retreated from Zomboc . The fortress of Arad , hitherto in Austrian hands , has capitulated . The details concerning the entrance of the Russians into Transylvania and the cap ture of Kronstadt , do not differ from those that have already appeared in our columns . The Russians it seemed endeavoured to carry at one and the same time ( on the 19 th of June ) the three passes which lead to Kronstadt , viz ..

    the Totsburg and the Tomosch passes in the south , the Oytos pass in the east . Luders commanded in person at the Tomosch pass . , The Russians in their bulletin admit their loss to have been not inconsiderable , andnaention among the slain a Col . Wrangeb The Hungarian s , they say , lost 100 killed and ¦ wounded , arid 150 prisoners . The bulletin makes no allusion to the corps advancing in the east ; the column that penetrated the Torsburg pass encountered only afeeble resistance .

    The' Presse' has news from the south to the effect that Bern was concentrating his force at Perlass . and making g igantic efforts to force the passage of the Theiss near Titel , and effect a junction with Perezpl The fortress of Temeswar and the vast steppe surrounding it had been completely ; evacuated by the insurgents , and the imperial troops were concentrating to prevent the junction of the two Hungarian

    armies . It was announced at Jassy that a new corps of 20 , 000 Russians was expected there to reinforce the army in Transylvania . The ? Cologne Gazette * of the 14 th inst . contains the following interesting communication : — ' It was in the evening of the 3 rd of July that the entrance of the Russians into Debreczin took place . Solitary Hungarian armed bands , who attempted fo oppose them , were scattered , and thus on the 3 rd they

    entered Hadhaz , a town of the Haiducks , about twelve English miles from Debreczin . This latter city is a straggling place , quite open , built like a village , and not to be defended . In order to save the town from destruction , the magistrate appeared in Hadhaz before the Russian general , and voluntarily offered to him the submission of the town . This was accepted , security of property and of the person was promised to the inhabitants , and then towards evening the Russians entered .

    The same account says subsequently , without stating on what authority . ' In Transylvania , Bern has concentrated at Hermannstadt an army of 36 000 men , in order to attack the Russians . ' The head-quarters of Haynau on the 10 tb were still at Nazy Igman . Generals Schlick and Simbschen were attacked by cholera . The reports which have prevailed during some days of Georgey ' s sickness are now succeeded by a rumour that be has diedof his wounds . The 'Wiener Zeitung' says that it is at least certain that he is severely wounded , and that for the time being Klappa commands in his stead .

    The capture of Arad by the Hungarians is confirmed , The ' Cologne Gazette' of the 15 th has the following : — " That Debreczin was abandoned by them could not surprise us . In the present moment the possession of the mountain towns must be more important to the Hungarian ? , for they are better qualified by nature to keep in check a hostile invading army . By the fall of Debreczin , the way to Waitzen , and also to Pesth , are free for the Prince of Warsaw , We shall see which of the two he will choose . In either case the main army of the Hungarians , under Georgey , runs the risk of being surrounded and destroyed . ' Hitherto it has been enabled decisively and victoriously to maintain its

    strong position at Acs against Haynau and Paniutin . Should Paskewicb , however , march through Pesth and Gran up to his rear , nothing then remains for him than to retreat to Coinorn , and let himself be shut up . Should the Russians choose the road to Waitzen straight against Comorn , he may then be cut off from the fortress , and he would be obliged to beat Haynau offensively , so as to open an outlet for his army . . These , very reflections induce us to regard with surprise the giving up of Kremnitz and Schcmniz to the Russians without a struggle , and we should ask where Dembinski was , bad we not been recently assured that he ceases to commandbut where is his army ?

    Letters from Pesth , of the 6 ch , show no trace of discouragement .. The land will really hearken to the summons of Kossuth , and rise for a general crusade . On the 3 rd , there were assembled on the Rakos-field above 25 , 000 men , ready to proceed wherever they were sent . Every one of them wore , as an emblem of recognition , a white cross on his breast . On the 6 th , the people at Pesth knew nothing of . the entrance of the Russians into

    Debreczin ; and precisely on the 3 rd , when said the entrance was achieved , . 400 Russian prisoners , coming from Acs , were escorted through the city . These battle days of Acs ( pronounced Atsh ) , are said to have been the most disastrous for the Austrians of any that have yet been fought in Hungary , 2 , 000 Russians—the fact is ascertained beyond a doubt—lest their lives oh an entrenchment , which was left to them b y the Hungarians , and then blown up .

    Vienna , July 12 . — The government rumour here is that the Austrian Marshal Schlick has occupied Pesth , which town has been evacuated by the Magyar army some days previously . Pesth itself is of mi importance in a strategical point of view . It is rumoured that Jell achicb had been forced to retire to Belgrade , having been surrounded b y ' . Bern and Perczel . ; An important correction has to bo made as tothe statements circulated with regard to the successes of tho Austrians . General Grabbehas made no ad vance along the Gran , but remains still in his quarters at Kubin . On the other hand , an Hungarian descent is much feared in Galicia , The doubt will

    shortly be set at rest whether the unresisted advance of Paskicwitch hasbcen the result of discouragement of the Hungarians , or stratagem . ¦ ¦ Not long ago there was much talk about a general rising of tho Poles . It appears not wholly impossible that we are at present on the eve of such an ¦ event , and that the object of engaging the corps of Paskicwitch far in the heart of the country is a part of a system of tactics concerted with the Poles . It is evident that if a Polish rebellion were now to break out , the Russian army , or rather the Russian empire , might be placed in a very critical position . Meantime , the fact of Poland being declared in a state , of siege seems to hint that something of this sort is really on foot .

    The only fact of ; importance reported from : the seat of war is the ' conqiiest of Arad by the Hungarians , which took place on the 2 nd inst . This strong fortress , situated hi the Upper Banat , on the banks of the Marosch ,., was held , by a garrison of 2 , 000 which had stood a siege of . nine months ; It was difficult to take , the citadel being well furnished with stores , by art and na ture nearly impregnable and commanding the town O'Arad ( Old Arad ); which lay at its foot .., Uj-Arad ( New-Arad ) has been long in . the hands of the Magyars . Tho siege was con ^ dueted . hy General Gaal , formerly colonel of

    engineers .. in the Austrian service ; and employed at Olmutz and at Milan . Jellachicb had attempted to relieve the place in vain . The defeat which he suffered at O Beckse ; and which , as usual , his » asconading bulletins ' represented as a brilliant victory crippled liim in such a way that he was as little able to raise the siege of Arad as of Temeswar , although ' thecessationol the blockade of the last place hasbeen falsely announced at least ten' times by the Vienna papers , Tho capture of Arad is , at the present moment , of great importance to the Hungarian Wv % J he ^« e injvhiWtbe . Ban claim ST " i 0 tory at Topolya , between Sove and Theresiopei is by too Magyars represented as hiying tetmirited in

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    their favour after much bloodshed , , which is tho morep ? obable version , as Jellachicb inconsequence , SSto bo surrounded at Sove , retreated to Titl , Sre % { rongentrenehmentS : have ^ The position of the Imperialists army of the south is extremely critical , as the Magyars w 11 evidently make desperate exertions to keep this side cleai lor ^ Vienna , July 13 . -Tf , e Magyars have met with fresh reverses before Comorn . The correspondent of the ' Morning Chronicle' adds-I open rny letter to say that Buda and Pesth are in the hands ot tne Imperialists . There are different versions given ot the fact , and nothing as yet is known for certain . == Z ^^^^^

    GERMANY . BADEN . —During the night of the Sth the bombardment of Rastadt had been suspended , It appeared that in the course of that day tho garrison made a sortie , and attempted to force their way through the Prussian linos , but that after a sanguinary contest they were obliged to return to the Fortress . Tho village of Mederbuhl , in the immediate vicinity of Rastadt , has been set on fire by tho bombs of the besieged ; the conflagration lasted all nicht : three streets were reduced to ashes , ine fever is rasing amongst the Prussian troops before Rastadt , the heat to which they are exposed being intenseIn two laces where the Baden soldiers

    , p who had abandoned the cause of the insurgents were temporarily detained ; serious riots amongst them have lately ensued . . . Tho JDeutcheZeitmiq gives some particulars relative to the sorties ( for it appears that , more than one was made ) from the fortress of Rastadt . OH tho Sth inst . those sorties took p lace in three different points , the object being ( according to thc testimony off ugitivosfrom Rastadt ) not so much _ to escape at that time as to weary the besiegers during the day , in order to have a better chance of making good their general sortie during the following night . 'I'hn lil-, ol .- fl-idf \ rnvos ftpm > onrnvnl nflints in RaS "

    tadt , as signs that the contest is to be till death . The commander-in-chief there ( so says the correspondent to the Atiyslurg Gasctto ) is the ex-artlUery Prussian officer Willich , a man of great firmness , military talent , and personal honour . Ho was a victim of the ex-military Prussian despotism , which strove to quell all intellectual feeling in tho army . It was not supposed that he would surrender the fortress while alive and in command , neither was it supposed that the men under him would think of surrendering , desperate as their cause now evidently was . Some desperate resolve , some bloody catastrophe was considered not improbable , as the closing scene of the Baden insurrection . ..

    According to letters from Carlshrue , of the 12 th , discharges of musketry in the interior of Rastadt had g iven rise to thc impression that the two contending parties—the one in favour of surrendering " the fortress to tho Prussians , and the other resolved to hold out to the last—had come into collision . On the other hand , the accounts from the Prussian camp before Rastadt are of a melancholy nature . Thc typhus fever is carrying off many victims , and numerous wounded Prussians continue to arrive in Carlsruhe . Up to the 12 th inst . there were - 400 wounded and sick in the military hospital of that city alone .

    A letter from Zurich ,. ot tho 11 th , states that Sigil , the commander of a body of the Badener insurgents , had consented to enter Switzerland with his men , and allow them to bo disarmed . The ' Deutsche Zeitung' announces the entry of Royalist troops into the city of Constanz , and consequently the occupation of the whole of the Grand Duchy ot Baden ; with the exception of the fortress of Rastadt . That fortress is subjected to a close blockade , but the bombardment has not yet recommenced . The garrison is meanwhile a prey to typhus fever and other distempers .

    POLAND . Polish Frontier , July 11 . —The whole king dom of Poland has been declared in a slate of siege ; and hence the frontier is so hermetically sealed that , saving the post , none are let pass . Among the natives none are permitted to move from one village . to another without a regular passport , while often insuperable difficulties are set in the way of obtaining such a legitimation . In fact the whole country is completely paralysed and reduced to a state of immobility .

    FRANCE . There has been excitement lately at the Eaole Politechnique , in consequence of the conduct of M . de Vaudrey , one of the pupils , who informed the authorities of the conduct said to have been held on the 13 th of June , by an old pupil of the school . This act of M . de Vaudrey , so exasperated the young men of the school , that they insisted on the dismissal of the offender , and threatened that if be did not comply with their wishes they should resign . Government has threatened to dissolve the school , and the pupils have since returned to their duty , The Terror . ' —The town of Albi , where dis « turbances lately took place , has been declared in a state of siege .

    Berlet , an old soldier of the I 5 lh Regiment , was on Monday condemned to death by a court-martial , for having abandoned his post when ordered to attack a barricade in the Rue Aumairc on the l ' 3 th of June , and for having uttered seditious cries . Th e prisoner had long been noted for his Socialist opinions , and he had grumbled excessively at being obliged to act against the insurgents of the 13 th . On Wednesday forty soldiers , who had been guilty of insurbordination , were sent from Lyons to join the companies of discipline in Africa . Arrests continue to be made in the environs o £ Lyons , in connexion with the recent political events . On Wednesday morning six men , among them five soldiers were taken to the prison of Roanne with chains round their necks .

    Some rather serious disturbances tookplacein the evenings of Sunday and Monday last at Moulins ; The 7 th Legion of the National Guards of Paris has been dissolved . A few days ago three individuals were condemned to imprisonment and fine for uttering seditious cries at Albi . Since then groups of men and boys have paraded the streets every evening singing revolutionary songs , and crying « Vive Lsdru Rollin ! ' They also stationed themselves before the Prefecture , the Mario , and before a scaffolding , called the ' Altar of the country , ' which was surrounded bv tricoloured flags , and surmounted b y a painting of the Republic , with the bonnet vouge . On Sunday the crowd was

    more numerous , and thesinging and cries were more menacing . Three of the crowd were arrested , but the others loudl y demanded their release . At length the assemblage became so threatening that a detachment of horse-artillery was marched to the ground . The soldier * attempted to disperse the people , but the latter responded by pelthnj them , and uttering cries of death . The soldiers then made a charge , and another shower of stones flew on them . Eventually the gathering was dispersed . Three or four soldiers were grievousl y wounded ; one was knocked oft

    his horse by a stone , and as he was rising an enormous paving sfon « struck him on the breast , causing blood to flow from Ida mouth he lies m an alarming state . Among the riot ers s x ot seven were wounded ; all are men of the worst character . A young man , a student of the college had two fingers cut off by a blow from the sword t > an artilleryman whilst attempting to throw him off his horse . The next day six companies of the 40 th Regiment were sent to the town . The stones thrown at the artillerymen were , it is said , so numerous , as to fill several carts .

    3 y a decree of the 13 th instant , published in the Moniteur , General Lamorictcre has been appointed Envoy and Minister Pleni potentiary of Prance in Russia . Accounts from Bordeaux ( says the « Times , ' ) state that the Socialists in that city still continued tb disturb public tranquillity . On the night of the 12 th more than 500 persons assembled before the townhall , and insulted and outraged the ; gendafnies or duty . Several of the rioters were arrested ; and it is proposed to disband a battalion of the National Guards who countenanced these revolutionary , proceedings , ; . - ¦

    A letter from Arbois , in the department of the Jura , states that a serious conflict took place in that town between the Socialists and the 9 th Reeiment of Light Infantry . The Socialists endeavoured to seize the soldiers' muskets when they were off their guard , but they were defeated in their attempt , and several of these desperadoes were arrested . ¦*' The ' Courrier du Card' has the following ¦• — We are informed that . a disgraceful demonstration in which the , Minister of the Reformed Church was

    present , has justtaken place . in the commune of Calvesson . An infant was presented at the baptismal font , enveloped in red clothes , and wearing a bonnet rouge on its head . -The cortege entered the churCh , singingpatriotic songs and . uttering cries of ' Vive-Barfces !'' . Vive LedruRollinl' - Vive la Montague I The minister welcomed this impious and seditious masquerade , and , . without stating any objection , baptised the . child by , the name of Ledru Rolhn given it b y the parents-( " Continued fo Hit S & vaitiipage . )

    -Mrs. Smithto'bries And Her Children Ret...

    -Mrs . SmithtO'Bries and her children returned to Limerick from Dublin on Wednesday last . She has ; gone for the present to the house of her father , Mr . Gabbatt . oflamewck ,. '

• Citation
  • Northern Star (1837-1852), July 21, 1849, page 2, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_21071849/page/2/