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      Jiirch 21. 1846. The Northern Star. 7 _ ...

      JIirch 21 . 1846 . THE NORTHERN STAR . 7 _ i

      The Polish Insurre Ction. Proclamation^)...

      THE POLISH INSURRE CTION . PROCLAMATION ^)? THE PRUSSIAN GOVERNMENT . Berus , Mahch S . —His Majesty lias issued the following proclamation : —" The revolt which has broken out in the territory of Cracow , nndtne neighbourhood , and its connection with the revolutionary societies discovered in tin Grand Duchy of Posen , the intended attack on Hargard , and the attempt to deliver the state prisoners at Posen , prove sufficiently the aim and Intention of the revolt , which was originated by foreign emissaries ; and as the life and pro perty of our faithful subjects are thus exposed to the greatest danger , we have been obliged , to our great re g ret , to take extraordinary measures , and we ordain the following , after having consulted our Minister of State—as regards Western Prussia and the Graud Duchy of Posen .

      1 . Whoever shall be arrested during an attack by armed force or resisting to the armed authorities ; whosoever shall bo taken in the flagrant actof exciting onr subjects to revolt , or distributing arms to that eSect , snail betaken before 3 council of war chosen each time by the commander-in-chief , and under the auspices of an officer of ths state , three captains , three lieutenan ts , three non-cemmissioncd officers , and a reporter , and shall undergo sentence of death , and be shot . The execution to follow immediately after it has been sanctioned by the commander-in chief .

      2 . The commander-in-chief has the power of delaying the execution , and to refer it to our ulterior decision . We bate , however , enough confidence in onr subjects of German and Polish extraction , to be convinced that they will not only remain faithful , as the greater part have lately proved themselves to be , but that they will co-operate in preserving tranquillity and order , and in suppressing all disturbers ofthe peace . Frederick William . A letter from Posen , of the 5 th Inst ., states that about twenty additional arrests hadbeen just effected there ; amongs-t them were some ecclesiastics . The Catholic Gymnasium and Ecclesiastical School have teen closed .

      MANIFESTO OF THE POLISH PROVISIONAL

      GOVERXAlEiVf . The Cologne Gazette publishes the following order of the day of the revolutionary government , but gives neither date nor signature ; it is , however , probable that it was issued by the patriotic government before evacuating Cracow - . — Poles , —after the most odious calumnies against the most peaceable inhabitants of Cracow and its territory , in order to justify the projected attack of the Austrian troops , au attack of this kind was made on the ISth ofthe present month , and by violence a general discontent was excited . Thereupon a serious conflict took place with the enemy , and several of onr valiant brothers sacrificed themselves for the national cause . They fell heroically , fike tree sons of their country , anil have tlitis set an

      example worthy of imitation . Hardly had the enem . v sustained a small loss , when a general terror took possession of them , for God evidently ranges himself on the side of the innocent . These audadoos men had announced that they weie here for onr protection , bat they were the first to fly like cowards with theauthoritiesznd themilitia , so that the town was exposed to tbe greatest dangers . Thanks be to Providence , which watches over us , there has been no disordtr , which is unprecedented in the history of nations , aud is the finest episode in the history of Poland . Poles , the decisive moment has arrived . Unite , foi ^ et allbatrtdand all thefataldiscord which has rendered vain ihem-my efforts that you have hitherto made to emanciuate jonrselves . Think ofibe sad consequences that result from tbe destruction of national

      independence , and I am firmly convinced that yon will !> --like an invincible Macedonian phalanx , and that the national spirit , so well known to everybody , will again be manifested . The Romans bad only 2000 square miles of territory , and yet they became masters of the world . TCiy then should not the Polish nation recover its independence , if it energetically desires it ? Poles , do not fear your enemies . Follow the steps of Leonidas at the Bead of a few Spartans . But why should I cite the example of ancient nations * What nation has ever had so many heroes and martyrs as we have had in the sacred Ciuse of onr regeneration ! All slaves will rise when tbey hear of your rising , and the whole of Europe , which evidently desires to cast off the yoke of its tyrants , will

      applaud your devotedness , and assist you . Do not , therefore , despair . Place all your trust in God , who will sustain us in our just cause . Citizens and inhabitants of Cracow , the shades of your ancestors , who gave so many proofs of indomitable courage , will place themselves by jour side , and inflame vour hearts , convinced that they have not to blush for their sons , who are able to drive oat the spoilers who have not feared to lay a profane band upon their sacred ashes in their tombs . Place voluntary offerings on the altar of your country , and yon will gather the richest fruits of your efforts . Posterity trill admire our exploits , and cro-vn then with gratitude . In the opposite case your children will lor ever corse your apathy and yoursvlves when you are in the grave . From this moment let our motto be—God !

      Although no signature is given to the above , it was probably issued by the dictator , Lissawski . Free Towxs , HiMBCKGn , March 5 . —It is said that a whole cargo of English niu-kets entered the Elbe lately , but that they were seized and sent back to England , as it was discovered they were intended for the Poles . Universal consternation pervades Poland , as , owing to the number of persons implicated , there is scarcely a family of which some member is not compromised . RE-occcmios of Cracow bv the Acsibuss . — The following is the Austrian general ' s account , as extracted from the Augsbtsrqh Gazette : —

      viEKSi , March 6 . —A report of General Collin , of the 4 th of March , gives the following particulars : — ' * The insurgents left in the night of theitod or 3 rd of March , having withdrawn their ports on tbe Vistula , A deputation , led by the Senator hLopf , arrived and announced that ' a provisional committee had been established . General Collin replied that the members of the ancient senate , who remained at Cracow , were to form again , having M . JKopf for their president . The general gave immediate orders to reconstruct the bridge over the Vistula , and before the brid ge was completed two Russian staff officers arrived , announcing the approach of the Russian forces . Thebridge being passable , the general Immediately entered the city , with tour -companies of

      infantry , the militia , and two squadrons of light cavalry , wno were greeted with acclamations by the inhabitants . [ Fudge . ] The Russians , who were the first to enter , had taken possession of-the castle and the principal post . The general left troops at both places . . Numerous Russian troops were expected under the orders of the Generals Pamtkin and Tyrnstoff . Veuersl- Colliu had an interview with General Rudiger , commander-in-chief of the Russian troops , and it was ag «« ed that Cracow < honld be surrounded by Russian and Austrian troops , and that the garrison was to be alternately Russian and Austrian . On

      the 4 th , General Collin was joined iiy two aouadrtms of light cavalry-jrith two pieces of artillery " , and to replace the militia who act as police , he ordered up the 1 st batt-dk-n of tbe Landwebr Elabenecg . General Collin let : . at Podgorze < . ae battalion of infantry , some cavalry , and artillery . There are also some troops at VUdowice . When the Prussian j-oops arrive , t * me « nange will take place in the ar-J-amjements . The iasurgents , to the number of 'WJ , Jam u-wn their anus . Count Wilms-, « eneral-in-« iiief , i- .-isarriveu . -- t Cracow , and has had au interview with Wneral iludj ger as to the measures to be taken .

      lie Austrian says " tLeinsurceats , te the number of cw , kid down their arms ,- " ' but the reader will observe ! that be had . already iaid at the commencement of his report , that "tlie insurgents left in tlte imhi oj tlte 2 nd < jr $ r & of Marclt , " before the entry Ol the Austriansi and Uussians . It is prob-ible that some of the patriots submitted , but it is certain that the "real body made good their retreat from the city . SiiEsiA . —Ou the morning of the 5 tu inst ., ( i * : U insurgents arrived here . under au escort * £ infantry and cavalry . They laid down their arms as soon us the hussars and dragoons threatened to charge . They consist of tka Hewer of the Polish youth . Some of the prisoners sure in excellent spirits ^ but a great number weep lor their country as a child for a father or a mother . On Ihe road to Nieoiai , the chief of the insurgents met his mother and his sisters , ^ and warm tears were , shed by aJL There are three eeciesiastics among the prisoners . The fate of the Polish prisoners is uuceru-in .

      Beam , . Mahc-ii Siu . —The tin ee protective powers will occupy the polish prori-iccsuutU the insurrection has entirely subsided . They intend to act with the greatest mildness against those individuals who have been misled , but will proceed with greater severity against the leaders .

      II 1 E CAPTURE OF LEMBERG . The itltaic and Mucdle Gazate publishes private lettere from Gallicia , statin- * that part of thesarrison having quitted Leu-berg , a large bedy of Polish iusargents had captured the * lace , after a most determined and sanguinary resistance on the part of the Austrian troops which remained there . 120 Austrians were said to have been lulled . The Governor-General , Ferdinand d'Este , had taken refuge in one of ihe convents , together with the rest of

      Ms troops , and barricaded the place . Tlieinsui-gcuts , however , did not deem It advisable to attack It , and had contented themselves with taking from th , arsenal « w , W » a jnuskets , beside some cannon and mountain guns , aud spiking such as they were unable to take with them . They had also secured considerable . piautitie . s of -inwm-utHm and stores , as well as pubhc mouey . Tbey had then quitted Lembci-g ( wliit-U is open to attack on all sides ) , and cone to spread revoit ju other parts of Gallicia . INSURRECTION IS RUSSIA * POIAXD

      Tie Hamburgh forrtqiondait contains verv important jliU-liigcuce relative to the insurrection reported to have broken out in Russian Poland . Should the accounts detailed by that journal Le confirmed , it would appear that the seat of the insurrection had merely been removed to the point where oppression has , up to the present period , been the most violent . Tiic Cologne Gazette of the 12 th of March contain * the following manifesto of the insurgents of Russian Poland :-,

      The Polish Insurre Ction. Proclamation^)...

      MiSUESTO OF JOLIND , IIQBTUfO TOS HEK LIBEBTI , TO THE GEKXAX NATION . The Provisional Government of the kingdom of Poland , fighting for liberty . Free and noble German Nation 1 The insurrection of our brothers in the Grand Duchy of Posen has been followed by loss of life to all . Oar brothers cannot at the present moment explain , or pre reasons for this struggle . We will do it for them , so that they may be understood , and calumny be spared . Inferior in force to meet the vicissitudes of a war , we cannot address euKelvesto a government , but we canto a people ; tor every noble heart , and every ear of liberal-minded Germany , is open to hear and understand us . Our brothers of Posen , by attacking the government and the army , intended to join us arms in hand , to aid ws in the struggle against our barbarous oppressor . Thus the motive of attack was neither hate towards you , nor a false self-esteem . Should God bless onr endeavours , our

      government and yours will be friends . We swear to you from the present moment friendship and concord . Between free aad generous nations , friendship and concord must exist . Neither you nor we can forget the reception our brothers met with in Garraany after the bloody struggle of 1831 . God has engraven the act in the hearts of all honest men . We are convinced that when our brothers hear of oar struggle aud come to onr assistance , you will not refuse your aid , for could you allow the arms of a former guest to be chained m your own country ! Generous Germans . ' you understand our struggle , for you yourselves have sustained a similar one . You left the great battle of 1813 and 1814 as conquerors . We , on the contrary , fell . Perhaps the Almighty will give his blcssine ; to our present enterprise , for the glory and the liberty of the whole human race , by creating us a free and independent nation . ( Signed ) "Wogiebski , Rasmowski . Given , near Kielce , this 22 nd Feb ., 1846 .

      The Universal ^ German Gazette mentions that a proclamation had been issued at LemJ-er- * - on the 26 th nit ., oflering a reward of 1000 florins to any person who should deliver up Edouard Dembouski , or Prokowski , and Theophili Wizuroivski , charged with having excited the people to revolt .

      THE REVOLT OF THE PEASANTS . " Austria is evidently in a dilemma , " writes a correspondent of ihelfumberg Zcitung ; " she has not only to occupy Gallicia , but to put a stop to . the excesses committed by the peasants . " Every day , in truth , we read of castles pillaged and burnt , and the inmates murdered . "Theother day , " says the Augslurgh Gazette of the 11 th of March , " at Cautski , in western Gallicia , a castle was taken by assault by the peasants , who murdered eleven persons , among whom was the owner , Braeski , and the pastor of Wadowice . The solution of this problem seems more difficult every day . The Courierof Warsaw of the 9 th of March contains the following proclamation to the inhabitants « r the Republic , by the generals commanding the Austrian and Russian forces : —

      Detachments of Russian and Austrian troops have taken poEsettiou of the free city of Cracow and the territory belonging to it . The object is , in conjunction with a division of Prussian troops , to restore public order , and to expvl from tbe territory any disturbers oi the peace who may be concealed there . The protective powers will then consider on the necessary measures to be taken to assure , in a permanent manner , the welfare of Cracow ; but meanwhile the powers are preparing to make known , through their representatives , tbe commanaurs of the respective troops which occupy Cracow , and who are there on the sole intention of maintaining order , that they hare adop : ed the foHowing measures : — " 1 . The free city of Cracow is declared in a State of siege , and no person will be suffered to leave town without permission . " i . The persons and houses of all peaceful inhabitants will be respected .

      " 3 . All the proprietors of houses are called upon , under the penalty iinposatte by military law , to denounce immediately to the military authorities all those persons who took part in the late troubles . 4 . All those who , not being leaders , had th » weakness to be misled , are to -ireient theinselres immediately before the authorities to make their submission , as a proof of their repentance , otherwise they will invoke clemency

      vain . " a . All persons concealing aims , or wot giving up such to the authorities , will be subject to martial law . " 6 . The president and members ol the tree city of Cracow , who fled irom tbe revolt and have returned , aie to form , provisionally , the administration of the interior . The Senator Kopf is to be at the head of the administration until the return of President Schindler . " 7 . Bach division has named a commander and adjutant , who are to act conjointly . ' 8 . A military committee of inquiry is to be appointed to pass sentence on the persons arrested . Those who are deemed innocent will be set at liberty immediately . The guilty will undergo the sentence of the law . ( Signed ) "Gesehai PaSiutin . Majob . Ge . nee . si , Corns . "

      The Courierof Warsaw states , that a band of insurgents had taken the direction of Krzesehowiie in Prussian Siberia . A detachment of Cossacks arrested them . The Cologne Gazette adds the following details : — Behun , Miami 6 . —Cossacks acid Circassians are scouring the country . They approached the town , but their approach was not relished at all . On the night otitic etu the Poles , to the number of one hundred , were massacred by these roving hordes . In Prussia , the only measures taken as yet consists in the closing ofthe Gymnasium-of Marie , at Posen : in orders given to the proprietors and farmers not to leave their domiciles * aud in the installation of a committee to pass sentence on those insurgents taken ^ trms in hand . The conclusions come to by the committee are to be sent to Ivammergericht ( criminal -court ) , at Berlin , -who will pronounce sentence at Ihe end of three weeks . It is Said Posen is to be declared in a state of siege .

      Paris , FmnAt . In the Chamber of Deputies , the . Marquis -de Larochejaoquelin said , that for the ^ last fourteen years the two Chambers had expressed their wishes , had manifested then * formal intention , to maintain Polish nationality . He would ask whether those wishes were to be nothing more than an annual eniiaph written on the tomb of the Polish nation ? Had the-government been able to do what had been desired ? lie thought not ; and . felt convinced that the wishessooften renewed by ihe two tribunes had been useless . ( Murmurs . ) He-considered there was some instruction to be gained Irom what was passing in Poland . Could it be believed that in a monarchical

      government orders had been given by which a price ol' 25 f . had been offered for the head of every noble , priest , or landowner that might-be brought in ? iic niust protest against such horrors , and would now ask tbe government what it had done towards the accr-nmlishment ofthe wishes , fourteen times repeated by thi-Chambers ? What could it do to fulfil tliem , now that the remnant of the Polish . nation was suflcring under a long and painful agouy ? What iueasuree would it adoi » t ? Would it . guarantee that the independence of Cratow should be respected and maintained . ? Would it guarantee that the action of political vengeance should not be substituted for that of regular justice ? In a word , what had the government done , what would it do , and what could it do ?

      The . Minister ofi-orei g ii . Affairs said , that amongst the questions that had been put to him by the hon . deputy * , that ou which he must particularly insisted rei-ited . to the policy and ttets of a i ' oreLn government , and not to those of the French government . For that reason he should confine himself to the line of conduct heIiad always adopted in ihat tribuneto speak of what he knew . ( Hear . ) If the acts which had been reported were true , . he would not hesitate to . designatc thc-m as deplorable and guilty . To provoke asocial overthrow us a defence against a political danger would be a criminal . act . Revolutionists were sometimes guilty of such acts , but regular governments never . ( Approbatisu from the ¦ 'Jeutres . ) From the information which had ,

      however , reached 1 dm , he had seen nothing to confirm tiic facts of which he spake , and , far from admitting ttein to be true on the faith ofthe journals aud coirespoiKirt-ce which had been quoted , he . should be itKu-e Inclined to deny them . Iu order to esplain the part which tin - peasants of the Grand Jj . « ehy of Poecu and of Gallicia had just been playing , tiiere was no necessity to bring fcr ward guilty suppositions aud hypotheses of prices bting placed ou tbe heads of certain parties , which the lion , deputy lutd alluded to . . Since the Grand lluchy of 1 ' o . en and Gallicia had liccii united , the one to Prussia , and the other to Austria , both those governments have used their utmost exertions io ameliorate the t-undituai ai the peasants . In tlie- Grand Ilu ^ Uy of Poscii as in all

      the provinces of the monarchy , ( lie I nissian goj'i- 'jnwent bad constantly endeavoured to improve the condition u those people , and they had a right to hold land ; they had obtained special juii-dictions instead of those under which they had been formerly placed . When , therefore , au attempt was made to excite them to join in the revolt , they had refused , because their situation was now belter than it had ever hitherto been . The same had taken place iu Gallicia , where , since the laws of Maria Theresa and Joseph 11 ., the touditiou of the peasants had been much ameliorated . That was the true yeason which had influenced the conduct of the peasants of Gallicia . There was not the slightest necessity to br ' uig forward these odious . suppositious of the setting a price

      on the heads of the nobles and the clergy ; they had . stronger motives for their conduct , in the imprO VC'l condition in which they had been placed . At the very moment when these events were threat- ning , before the results of the insurrection vrwc known , the Austrian government foresaw all that happened , and it had expressed its lears that a revolution among the peas-tuts would break out simultaneously wnh another insurrection , and it femad that frc-Ji difficulties and fresh causes of embarrassment might arrive . That was what was foreseen b y Prince Mctteriiich , who communicated it to the French « ovcmment . The Chamber might form its npiuion « u thc * e assertions , lie was not charged to defend ft om that tribune such or such a forei gn government but he consiuered himself called upon to dissinate false ideas

      The Polish Insurre Ction. Proclamation^)...

      and erroneous opinions . He might refrain from enterin g into any further explanation on the subject , but he would not quit the tribune without explaining tiic ideas if the government . ( Hear . ) It was not wi t hout a dee p feeling of grief and without a seri . ius conviction that his friends and himself had , in 1831 , adopted and supported , with regard to Poland , tlie line of policy whichhad beenfbllowed . The Chamber would permit him to remind it of the motives oi their conduct aud their policy—the non-intervention of France in the affairs ot Poland . The interest of Frauce called for this policy . They thought , that after the revolution of July , France should establish her own government , and cover with her buckler not only her own independence but that

      , of those countries which were closely connected with her—Belg ium , Switzerland , and Piedmont . Thtuational interest of France imposed this policy on tliem . Another motive influenced them—the rig ht of nations . France accepted the state of Europe ; and it was a matter of faith to maintain good relations between its governments . Such were the motives which , in 1831 , determined the line of policy to be adopted b y France , and they had been too often discussed from that tribune to make it necessary for him to allude further to them on the present occasion ; and now , when after sixteen yearthey were reaping the fruits of their policy—prosperity and security , at home , and con si derati o n a nd security abroad—he did not consider it was a

      moment to abandon it on motives less grave and imperious than those which led to its adoption in 1831-This policy imposed on them two duties towards the unfortunate Poles ; the first was not to hold out to them any illusory or false hopes , and the second , to render them every relief compatible with the interests of France and with the law of nations . Such had always b ee n their lin e of condu c t , and such it would continue to-be ; and whilst tltey remained faithful to this line of duty , they had a right to hope that men who placed themselvesunder the protection of France would not forget the duty imposed on

      them , not compromise the hospitality they received . What would be the feelings of the Chamber were it to learn that Abd-el-Kader was receiving assistance from a foreign Power ? Was there any one in that assembly but would feel that the interests of France would be thwarted by such a proceeding ? He begged the Chamber to lose sight of these facts , and of the position in which they placed the government . lie was anxious that those who claimed and obtained the hospitality of France should find so good a rule for their conduct . France wished to be a place of refuge for misfortune , but not a resort for conspirators . ( Approbation from the Centres . )

      REPORTED INSURRECTION IN HUNGARY AND LITHUANIA . The iVatwnoisays , " We to-day leavn from a source worthy of credit , that the news respecting the Polish insurrection is more favourable . One of the divisions which advanced into the Carpathian mountains ha * formed communications with Hungary , and two important districts of that country have flown to arms . The iusurrectiou continues to spread in Lithuania , and so well aware is the Austrian government of the fact , that the greatest precautions have been taken te prevent the real state of things being known . Ail letters are opened , and such as make the slightest allusion to the insurrection arc retained . These facts have been related to us by a traveller who has

      traversed a part of the country which has revolted , and he states that it was with the greatest difficulty that he was enabled to proceed . Notwithstanding the reserve imposed upon the journals , what they publish goes to confirm that which we have always said relative to the plans of the insurgents , and to the progress of the movement . " " Our government , " says the Steele , "Ou-htnowto be satisfied ; Cracow is once more in the power of the Austrians and Russians ; order reigns at Cracow ! According to the intelligence conveyed by the Prussian and German journals , it would appear that the insurrectional army had abandoned the province of Cracow to repair to those of Russian Poland and to Gallicia . In order io reduce as much asj possible the importance of the revolutionary movement , those

      journals set down the united forces of the insurgents at 5 , 000 men . They state that one-half tliat number had crossed the Vistula to enter into a hopeless struggle with Austria , and that the other half hud remained at Cracow , which upon the approach of the combined forces had divided itself into several detachments , some of which had thrown away their arms and returned to their homes , whilst others had crossed over to the Prussian territory . Dues it follow , because Cracow has been evacuated b >* the insurgents , that wc ought to abandon all hope of the success of their undertaking ? If the events of Cracow tend to induce a belief that their attempts had entirely miscarried , other events , likewise mentioned by the

      German papers ( so sparing of news favourable to the Polish cause ) , would lead us to form a very different opinion , viz ., that the glorious struggle of the Poles was far from being terminated . The Austrian Observer , for instance , mentions a report that the insurgents had penetrated into Hungary , and adds , * Things cannot now be worse ' and when we find the partisans of Austria expressing themselves in such unequivocal language , surely we ought not to be disheartened . In presence of the facts contained in the German uapers , and confirmed by correspondences even more favourable to the cause of Polish independence , we once more repeat we have no reason to despair . " Paris , Saturday .

      The names of thirteen deputies , in addition to those already announced as subscribers to the Polish fund , are given in the journals . Baron -Je Rothschild has undertaken to receive the money and remit it when required , according to the orders ofthe committee . Paris , Sundat . The National says— " We have to-day received the inost energetic protestations against the speech pronounced bv M . Gukot . How very lenient would he not find us ' were wc to venture to publish the expressions of indignation , -contempt , and of an g er , the impassioned and eloquent imprecations which he has inspired ! He would then be able to say whether a man could brave with impunity the universal sentiment of his countrv . Let him affect what beldness

      aud sangfroid he may , he will find a first and terrible chastisement in this concert of maledictions . What is -. till better is that the friends to the Polish cause have considerably augmented since the discussion in the Chamber . To give some idpa of the movement caused by this immense sympathy , we have onlj to suite , that within the last eij-ht days we have received upwards of COO letters in reference to the Polish insurrection , to the sitting of the Chamber , to the subscription , or to the speech of M . Guieot ; and what is most remarkable is the unanimity ot sentiment contained in those letters . Continue , then , citizens of all classes , to cherish and lose nothing of those noble instincts . Think of the insurgent Pules , whose cause is s » just , so holy ! Think ofthe honour of your country . "

      The word rcpairc made use of by M . Gui / . ot in his speech on Friday , in rcjily to the questions proposed by Messrs . Odillon Barrot and de Lnroehejaquelin relative to the Polish insurrection , appears to have peculiarly excited the indignation ofthe Liberal portion of the Paris press . In addition to a censorious article in its number uf-Saturday , the Constitutionnel of Sunday says—. 11 . Guizot has expressed as * opinion that "the Polish rclugees ought not to be suffered io convert France into a tspairc ( den ) for the nurture of revolutions aud conspiracies . " That n « rd reimirc has excited a sentiment ot universal approbation among-the members of the Chamber , of Deputies . It ts a word seldom or never employed , except in reference tu Die retreat of thieves and assassins . Pakis , Monday .

      Tho opposition journals of Paris , and most of the provincial papers , continue-to . keep up the agitation on . the Polish question . Subscriptions are bein ^ nth-ed everywhere , and more particularly amongst thelower classes , aud they . amount to-day to £ 1 , 25 ( 1 . It is now very dillicult to obtain information deserving credit on the ptv ^ i-ess-or . repression of the insui-rection ; but it k < jnite certain that every day supplies of money are sent from Paris , and that preparations are still making tit the present moment for sending aims to the inatrgents . Many Polish gentlemen have Jelt , and are daily , leaviii » , the Fmieli Metropolis . The papils of the . Military Sclnol of St . Cyr had subscribed l . SOl ) francs iafavour < rthe Poles . Those o the Veterinary School of Alfort , and ofthe Colleges of St . Louis , Charlemagne , Louis le Grand , Itourbun , St . Barbc , Kol / iu , Oilcans , & c ., have likewise subscribed .

      The National publishes a variety ef extracts from the German journals relative to the i * isurrcction , all of which would lead to tiic belief that tho insurrection , even if for the present suppressed , was far from being definitely subdued , and that . serious events were upon the eve of talcing place . In the Chamber of Deputies no business of importance was transacted . Ou the reading of the procesverbul of the preceding sitting , some angry words were exchanged between members , in consequence of certain expressions that lell from Al . Guizot haviti "

      been altered ia the report . M . Guizot had said on the previous day , when answering M . de la ftochejacqueJn ' s question . * , that "it could not he expeutod that Prance would be the haunt { npairc ) ofall insurrectionists , " and these words were afterwards rep laced by the following-. — "Thus France could not be the focus of all revolutions and insurrections . " The alteration was evidently nwde in deference to the feelings of tho house tou ' erds the Polish insurgents ; and this h .-ing acknowled ged , the conversation was dropped .

      MOVEMENT IN UELGIL'M . The jVutionat states Unit a cummitteu has been appointcd st l'i * usscls to collect subscriptions , and is coinimsed of the following persons : —M . Joltrand , fmiii-rly member ot the Constituent Congress ; M . Ducc / ieiiaux , inspector-General of prisons and of chari table establishments ; M . Leluvrdy do Beaulieu , advocate *; M . Fiink , advocate ; M . Felix Delhassc , director of the debat-soaal ; Al . Adolphc iJattels , formerly ex iled horn Belgium . [ For die remainder ofthe Polish Insurrection , tee our First /'«< /« , 1

      Bmpetiai Fatitament

      Bmpetiai fatitament

      ^ House Of Lords-Monday, March 10. This ...

      ^ HOUSE OF LORDS-MONDAY , March 10 . This house sat half an hour , and transacted seme routine business . HOUSE OF COMMONS-Monday , March 16 .

      xt n * t , ENLISTMENT . Mr . 1 . Duncombe wished to ask a question of much importance to the discipline and well-being of the arinv in general . Within the last month a soldier ot the 8 th regiment had been brought to a court-martial for some oflence ; it was stated on the trial , that strictly speaking he was not a soldier at all , as he had not been duly enlisted . On inquiry it was found that the objection was founded on " the Enlistment Act , whi c h provid e d th a t w he n a m a n enlisted he must be attested by a magistrate within tlte district where he had enlisted , or some one acting for such magistrate . It appeared that this soldier had been enlisted in one county and attested in another ; the consequence was , he was immediatel y discharged . He ( Mr . Duncombe ) understood that a

      great number of men in the army , 5 , 000 or 6 , 000 , were in that position ; he understood that 400 of tne 1 st regiment of Guards hud left the regiment on that plea . lie wished to ask what course the Horse Guards intended to pursue , a n d whether it w o uld n ot be desirable to bring in a short bill confirming those enlistments ? He understood that anotkercourse had been suggested , that of compelling those who left to refund the money they had received , and pay for their accoutrements . Bwt he thought a short bill of the kind referred to would be the most just ; it would not only confirm those enlistments , b ut set at rest a doubt that had arisen as to whether a . soldier so attested , having served twenty-one years , would be enti t l e d to his p en s ion ? Mr . S . Herbert said , it was perfectly true that

      within the last two days a very great number of app lic a tions had b ee n rec e iv e d , principally from soldiers in the regiments of the Guards , claiming their discharge under circumstances correctly described by the hon . gentleman . ' It was not , however , the case that liny Of . such soldiers had , on application , been granted their discharge . The answer had been to all such applications , tha t every so ldier had , by a certain term of service , become a soldier , and would receive a pension according to the length of that service . With respect to the statement that a claim could be made on a soldier for the refunding of his levy money , he ( Mr . 5 . Herbert ) thought nothing could be more unjust or impolitic . ( Hear , hear . ) The subject was of great importance , aud was under the consideration of her Majesty's government .

      FAMINE IN IRELAND . An interesting conveisation took place on the famineand . diseiisenowprevalentin Ireland . Mr . S . O'Brien , Mr . Wakley , Mr . O'Connell , Sir J . Graham , Sir II . Peel , Lord G . Bentinck , and Captain Jones Were the principal speakers . Me . Wakley again Insiste d that food , not physic , should be immediately distributed among the people of Ireland ; that the Irish Poor Law ought to be amended forthwith ; and that the boards of -nuu'diaiis in Ireland ought to be

      compelled to administer relief , at once , to the destitute poor of Ireland . Sir It . Peel endeavoured to impress upon the house the absolute necessity ot proceeding without delay to sanction with their approbation the resolutions respec . ting . the tariff , which had been already affirmed in committee , inasmuch as those resolutions would afford the Treasury an opportunity of issuing orders which would have a most favourable effi-ct on the trade aud commerce of Ireland , and on the means of giving employment to the poor of that country .

      PRESERVATION OF LIFE ( IRELAND ) BILL . The Preservation of Life Bill was brought down from the House of Lords , and was ordered to be printed . - CUSTOMS' ACTS . The house then proceeded to consider the report on the Customs' Acts . On tho question that the duty on hops be reduced to . £ 25 s . a cwt ., Mr . Plcmpire , on behalf of the hop-growers of Kent , opposed the reduction . ^ After a conversation , in which Sir R . Peel , Mr . Fuller , Colonel Austen , Mr . Knight , Mr . Humphery , Mr . B . Hope , Mr . Prewen . the Chancellor of the Exchequer , and Lord G . Bentinck joined , the house divided on the question that this reduction should be erased from the tariff . The numbers were for the

      amendment—Ayes 44 Noes 91 Majority againt it — 4 ? The reduction was therefore affirmed . On the proposition for reducing the duties on the importation of foreign siIk manufactures , which embraces several items in the tariff , Mr . ( i . Hashes proposed to omit this article , with al ) its items , from the tariff , lie accepted the challenge of Sir 11 . Peel to show that the remission ol duties had ever produced depression among the operatives of any trade to whicn such remission had been applied . Within a few years after the introduction of Mr . Hu-kisson ' s measure , a select committee had been appointed by the house to examine

      into the state of the silk trade at that time , and to inquire whether any and what legislative measure could be passed to promote it . The hon . member then read extracts from evidence taken hy the committee , showingthercductioH in wages in consequence of the introduction of the goods of France . Ttte poor rates of a parish in Coventry increased from £ 1 ( 507 in 1 S 2 I , to £ 2192 iu 1830 . Mr . Brocklehurst , « f M a ccle s field , stated that in 1824 there were 27 G . 000 spindles in that town , and that the mill people engaged in the trade were 10 , 000 . In 1828 , two ycais after the completion of the alteration of the duty , there were 159 , 000 spindles , and the mill people iJd been reduced to 5254 . In 1831 the spindles WCVC reduced to 122 , 000 , and the mill people to 3000 .

      ( Hear , hear . ) In 1824 the wages of able-bodied men in Macclesfield were 18 s . per week ; in 1828 , 8 s . Cd ; and in 1831 , were 4 s . 7 d . ; and the wages of the women and children exhibited a similar reduction . The poer-r ' vtes in Macclesfield in 1824 exhibited a gross expenditure of £ 4201 ; in 1829 , of . t' 8070 ; more than double . ( Hear , hear . ) The number of families relieved in 1825 was 50 ; in 1831 it had increased to 511 families . How could any one say , after this , that no case could be produced in which a removal of protection had not been immediately beneficial to the interest formerly protected ? He ( Mr . Bankes ) had answered the challenge of the right honourable baronet . The great manufacturers and capitalists might proclaim that tlicy were ready to

      make sacrifices , and take a share iu the triumph of passing the present measure ; but this was the case of the labourer and the operative , an d it wa s t o ruin them . He denied that these classes were in favour of the change ; on the contrary , he contended that they looked with dread upon the probable operation of these measures . Wc were losing the manufacture of those branches ofthe trade which paid high wages . It was the manufacture of those fabrics that ought to be e s p ecially e ncoura g ed , and not surrendered in despair of competing with the patterns ami dyes of our foreign rivals . After alluding to several recent meetings of the silk weavers of Manchester and Salf ' ord , to petition against the proposed reductions on silk , Mr . Bankes

      said-He might be told that tlie Spitaltields weavers had resorted to Manchester and other parts of the kingdom , but their condition had undergone no improvement , lie found from the report of Mr . Saunders , Inspector of Factories , whose district included Dwbyshire , Hampshire , Hertfordshire , K e nt , Middlesex , Surrey , Wiltshire , and Yorkshire , that the following was the result of a comparison of a number of mills lie inspected in 1 S 3 S and ill 1 S 15 : —111 1 S 3 S there were 20-1 cotton mills ; iu 13-15 , 2 ( 53 ; showing an increase of 5 !) . In tlie former period there were 500 wool manuf-iciorius ; in the latter ( 555 ; the increase having been 89 . In 1836 there were 38 S manufactories of worsted fabric ; in 1815 there were 438 ; showing au increase of f > 0 . There were 59 ilax mills

      an 1638 , whip ; lucre wore 05 in 1815 , showing an increase of C ; but at the former period there were ( ill silk mills , wh . le in 1815 there were only 153—a reduction of 0 . ( lJi--ir , hear . ) Then the total number of children -jm-dcyod in factories in Lancashire , wlto came under Mr . Sau .-ders ' s notice , was 13 , 000 , of whom only about 800 were engaged in the silk trade . Hits return came up to January 1845 , and embraced a very extensive district , and it showed that the silk weavers who had been compelled to quit London in consequence ot the experimental measures for reducing duties , liad not established themselves in other parts of the kingdom , lie did not deny that some of these persons might be employed in the Manchester trade—in manufacturing silk mixed with cotton , worsted , or other materials ; hut lie must remind the house t ] i ; it he was urguittg the question of wages . Ileal

      ( -., ) He found , from a paper which had been 1-u-gely circulated , which was drawn up with considerable ability , and which he had reason to believe was written by a person of eminence , that tlie weekly wages paid to silk weavers were now less by one-half than they were in 1821 ; and that the gross annual value of silk goods made in Em-buid was estimated to be less by £ 2 , 000 , e 00 or £ » , uiJrb , O 0 u sterling than in that year , lie found also from the Siime duCUinunt , that while the a-v-ei-age value of English silks exported to France in IBLi , was 7 s . Od . per pound , the average value of Frcttchsilks imported into this country during thosamc period was 50 s . per pound . This fact showed the diU ' wcnce in tfie qualities of silk manufactured in the two countries , and the more remunerative employment which must necessarily be afforded to the working elassi ' s in France .

      My . W . I ' u , * a directed the attention of the hoii'SC to the altered circumstances of the silk trade . Tl te question was not now whether we could return to ; t prohibitory system . That was clearly impossible , and , moreover , it was not likely that , if wc returned to that system we could ¦• - . stove to the operatives their former wages , lie considered that it would be greatly for the interest of Spitaifields if tho whole of this protection wore withdrawn , lie recommended the house to throw open the silk trade , and to cease to proclaim its inferiority to that of Franco . Then men ot capital would go into it , and our silk

      ^ House Of Lords-Monday, March 10. This ...

      manufactures would not only rival , hit "would be absolutely superior to those of France . Mr . Brockm-hubst considered that , though an open trade might benefit the wholesale and large retail dealers , yet that it must prove nuunous to all classes engaged in our domestic manufactures . Tliere wa s a pop ulation of 40 , 0 00 or 50 , 000 in Maccleshelo , and it was his ( Mr . B r o c klehurst 's ) duty to defend their interests , just as much as it was the interest of the hon . gentleman to defend the interest of the wholesale , dealers . They might say , if they please d , that when workpeople found that they were notable to obtain proper wages in one trade they should seek more profitable employment ; but this was not easily done . For instancehe did not himself think that a

      , shoemaker could be easily converted into a milliner - ( "hear , hear , " & ndl-wightcv ) -andhe would leave political economists to show how this transition from one class of labour to another was to take place . ( Hear , hear . ) He had been in trusted with a petition from Macclesfield , and the petitioners stated that t hey had learned with sur p ri se a n d sorr o w that the remission of the duty on silks in 1824 , and the admission of foreign silk goods in 182 G , were considered by the government to be successful measures . So far from that being the case , the petitioners stated that they never should be able to forget the effect produced by those measures on their condition ; for , in 1826 , many thousands in Macclesfield were thrown out of employment , and one-half of tho

      manufacturers , along with their workpeople , were reduced to a state of ruin , from which they had never emerged ; that wages tell one-half , and to this day had a continual downward tendency . Such was the state of the Macclesfield weavers . ( Hear , hear . ) Before the effect produced by those measures , weav e rs h a d be e n known to save their £ 100 or £ 150 , but the petitioners stated that now they could not remain out of work for a fortnight without being obliged to do what they considered degrading—namely , make an application to the parish for relief . Sir G . Cleiik , in answer to Mr . Bankes' quotations from evidence collected in 1832 , detailed statements of the then existing distress among the milkweavcrs , which were made at a public meeting held

      at the Mansion-house in 181 G . From this information it appeared that distress among the Spitaifields weavers was ewing to other causes than the operation of the measures of 1824 and 1826 . He attributed the superior success which had attended our co tt o n manuf a cture , as compared with our manufacture of silk , to the want of any artificial stimulus in the case of the former . He quoted Mr . Saunders ' report to show the increased employment afforded of late years by the silk manufacture at Derby . All parties concerned in the trade were anxious for tlie measure proposed by government . Mr . Newbkgate supported the anr-. endmcnt of Mr . Bankes , and Messrs . Hawes , AdderJey , and Eliice opposed it .

      Lord G . Buntings , said , the right hon . ccntleman , Vice-President of the Board of Trade , in his attempt to answer the able—mesi able speech with which the amendment had been proposed , had jumbled up the whole of the trade from the year 1816 to 1815 , and had mixed up ten years of protected trade with twenty years of free trade ; and then the right hon . gentleman said , " See h « w , during the last thirty years , the silk trade of this country has prospered He had been waited upon by three gentlemen from Coventry who were concerned in the ribbon tradethey were Mr . Burberry , Mr . Caldecott , and Mr . M'Cray . The y stated that while there had been only two mills erected in Coventry since the last alteration of the law for the manufacture of bonnet

      ribbon , there had been no less than five erected Jn the town of St . Eticnne , in France ; that was o say , St . Etienne had flourished at the expense of Coventry . There was a description of ribbon which they could manufacture at Coventry as cheaply as the French ; but tkesatin ribbons were a more costly article , and the competition was much against them . The French could produce it at 53 s . apound , whereas the English manufacturer required a remuneration of 75 s . If the duty of 30 per cent , therefore should be reduced , t h e trade o f C o ventry in this article would be entirely destroyed . The member for Leicester ( Mr . Wynn Ellis ) had admitted that goods from abroad were more to be disposed of on more advantageous terms by the great wholesale dealers ( of

      which the hon . member was himself one ) than the goods manufactured at home . But let the house compare thu population employed by these vast slauj-hter-houses , as they were designated , with the population engaged in the manufacture of silk rifebons . The great warehouses , the proprietors of which made enormous fortunes , were interested in driving the English manufacturers out of the market , because they cotild buy cheaper from France . It was t o su c h m e n tha t her M a j e sty ' s mini s ters had len t a ready ear . But how many persons did they employ ? According to the information he had received , some two or three of the larger houses employed about 160 persons in the height of the London season , after which these individuals were sent about

      their business . But what was the number of persons employed in the silk trade ? There were 58 , 200 persons so employed , besides 6800 ribbon weavers , and 38 , 000 other weavers not particularly distinguished , but no doubt a very large portion of them were employed in the silk niamifitct ure . There was a no t her a rti c le co nne c ted with the trade , called figured gauze . The member for Leicester ( Mr . W . Ellis ) was compelled to admit that the weavers of Coventry ha d b een alread y driven from this branch of trade . The figured gauzes were worth 180 s . per lb . The silk of which they were made was purchased at 28 s . per lb . So that the difference between 180 s . and 28 s ., being no less than 150 s . per lb ., was expended in labour and profit . By French competition , the

      trade in gauze ribbons had been driven out of Coventry , for there were only two houses that now manufactured any . The duty under which the French competition had hud this effect , was 27 b . Gd ., and it was now proposed to reduce it to lis ., when Coventry could not remit it under a duty of 27 s . Gd . What did those gentlemen , w h o c alled on him y est e r d a y , sav with regard to wages—why that they were reduced twenty per cent , since 1820 . lie ( Loi d G . Bentinck ) did not apprehend that the manufacturers could grind them down any further . ( Hear , and cheers . ) In order to enable them to compete with foreknew they had dragged the weavers from the looms which they worked at home to place them in mills and lactones , and had reduced wages to the lowest

      dosrililA tiiMiir ff * it * nffnf /« nH ^ 1*— » . — l * ..-. _ . 1 m L sibto point , it was clear , therefore , that unless it was intended to destroy the trade of Coventry altogether this red uction ought not to take place . He would not go to Macclc-field , the hon . member for that borough was a witness to the consequences of fiec-tradc in silk , lie mentioned as a striking and singular fact , that a ge ntlem a n , with whom lie was acquainted , had lent to the silk manufacturers , in small sum * £ 30 , 000 , and that he had in consequence of their distress become the reluctant proprietor of mills which only five years before cost £ 120 , 000 . One mill , which had cost £ 14 , 000 , his friend had obtained foriJl , 700 . Was that a proof of the prosperity of

      vhc aillv trade ? Nay more , was it a proof of the perfect success ofthe free trade system ? Referring to that item of the silk duties which reduces the duty paid on the importation of foreign silk dresses from £ 2 10 s . to £ 1 10 s ., he reminded the house that this reduction would have a most injurious effect on the mi l lin e rs and dres s makers o f En g land , wlto amounted in number t o 106 , 000 persons . Would the house leave these women to starve , or to a fate worse than starvation , because they could not come to the house and knock loudly at its doors ? He implored the house not to consent to a measure which would inflict ruin ou so many thousands of individuals .

      Sir It . Peel hoped that those who were now called upon to decide upon the scheme of commercial policy would maturely consider the facts within their reach , beiove they came to a conclusion upon : it on tlie mere impulse of feeling . He contended that it would not be for the interest nor for the morality of the working classes to recur to that prohibitory system , b ecause , a s he show e d by reference to what occurred in Spitaifields in 1800 , 1812 , and 181 ( 5 , there were periodically sufferings among the operatives in the silk trade , which it was impossible to parallel by anything which had occurred since the relaxation of thu prohibitory and protective duties . In the conclusion of his speech , Lord G . Bentinck had referred in terms of misapplied pathos to the melancholy condition to which the milliners and dressmakers would be reduced by tho present proposition ot the government . Now , if there was one class of persons who suffered more than another from the illicit

      introduction ot silk articles , it was that very class on which his noble friend had expended his sympathies . There was a false reliance on the protection system , and foreign silk dresses could now be got in this country » t a cost not greater than that of tlte duty which the government now proposed , lie concluded by stating that one of his great objects in proposing the present tariff was to cut up bv the roots the system ot smuggling , which mulcted * » vciUcv mju-T on tieoperatives than could easil y be calculated . Mi-. D 1 ska .-u maintained that the cause which thelroccttomsts were now defending was that of the working e asses ot tlie community . With rc < -ard to Sir 11 . 1 eel s assertion , that his scheme was " calculated to cut up smuggling by tho roots , ho asked how Sir R . Peel reconciled it to his plan to leave a duty ol £ 1 , 200 per cent , on tobacco , and 250 ner cent on tea . l

      ihe house then divided , when there appeared fin tho

      amendment-Ayes ... m Noes ... ... ... ... > 220 Majority ioo The article was then insmed in the amended tariff . The other orders of the day were disposed of , and tlto house adjourned at half-past one o ' clock . H O US E OF L 011 DS-T * ji * sday , March 17 . ^ THE OREGON TKKK 1 T 01 U ' . The Earl of Clarkxoon moved for such portions of i hc diplomatic correspondence respecting the Oicon n egotiation , as the Earl of Aberdeen might think it ct 'lisislcnt with public duty to produce . Nothing cd 'ild be further from his wishes than to embarrass the ¦ government ; but though the language of tlie Bri , 'isk aud American governments had been entirely

      ^ House Of Lords-Monday, March 10. This ...

      pacific , yet it could not be denied that the two conntries were insensibly drifting towards a war . , it wag time , ho thought , to break the silence so rigidly preserved on this side the Atlantic , and to furnish the house with all the information that could prudently ha furnished . He was convinced that an abler negotiator than Mr . Pakenham could not be found , and that the government had acted most judiciously in every step it bad taken in the matter ; for it had declared to the world that it would not engage in war until every means of keeping peace were exhausted . It was morally impossible that two such nations as England and America should embroil themselves for a comparatively worthless territory , and lie should conclude by moving for the correspondence , and by asking what course tlie government intended to pursue in the event of the Senate concurring in the twelvemonth ' s notice .

      The Earl of Aubkdeen said it was only natural that the public should desire authentic information on the Oregon negotiation , and there could be no valid reason for refusing some of the papers in question but he must reserve to himself the i-j > -ht of withholding a large portion of the correspondence , because its production at the present moment would be injurious to thepublic interests . In fact , he should not have been disposed voluntarily to produce any part of it ; for , though the American government had done so , that was no precedent , as they were differently situated . The United States Executive had called on the legislature to take a direct course in tlie matter ; that was not our case : her Majesty's government had no intention at present of calling on

      Parliament for an opinion , and therefore the information sought was not indispensable . Besides , in the present undecided state of the negotiation , the production of the whole correspondence might induce an ui . » favourable opinion as to the result ofthe negotiation , for which reason he must also decline to say what course it was intended to pursue with respect to the twelvemonth's notice . He had every hope' that the issue of the transaction would be pacific , but still it must be remembered that in so deiicate a matter every well-intentioned effort might be unavailing . He would conclude by repeating emphatically the following words from her Majesty ' s Speech— " That no effort will he spared consistently with the national honour to bring this question to an early and successful termination . "

      Lord BnoijauAMand Lord AsiiBimioN made a few observations . The motion was then put and agreed to ; after which , a short conversation ensued on the subject of the e qui pment and dismantling of her Majesty ' s ship Belleroohon at Portsmouth , and their lordships adjourned at a quarter past six o'clock . HOUSE OF COMMOM-TvESBAf , March 17 . Mr . T . Duncombe presented a petition l ' mn the Tower Hamlets in favour of the liberation o ! ' b ' rost , Williams , and Jones ; also a petition in favour of the Ten Hours' Bill ; and a petition from some respectable inhabitants of Hoiborn , complaining of the nuisance and detriment to business caused by a piece of ground belonging to the Commissioners ol Woods and Forests being left vacant .

      Mr . Pattison presented a petition , signed by upwards of 2000 of the inhabitants of Tottenham , Edmonton , and their vicinities , against the enrolment of the militia . Dr . Bowrimg presented twenty-eight petitions against calling out the militia , from Southampton and various other places ; also eleven petitions , praying that in all international treaties a clause be inserted , binding countries to submit all matters of public controversy to friendly arbitration , instead of appealing to arms .

      PUBLIC BUSINESS . Mr . Stafford 0 'B-uen , on tbe reading of the order ofthe day ior receiving the report of the committee on the Customs' Acts , made an attack upon Sir It . Peel , on account of his not having yet submitted to Parliament any of the measures , save the New Settlement Bill , which he had said were to accompany the measure for the . bolition ofthe Corn Lav ; s . as a compensation to the agricultural interest for arty loss whi c h it mi ght sustain . . The Chancellor ofthe Exchequer observed , that if Sir Robert Peel was not in his place that orcoing .

      it was only fair to infer , from the constancy of his attendance in Parliament , that he was prevented by the pressure of other public business . He coui d have wished that Mr . Stafford O'Brien , as Sir It . Peel had been in his place every night during the last seven weeks , had selected an evening when Sir It . Peel was present , instead of the iii-st when he w-ta absent , for this ver y unexpected attack . He i » minded the house that the Settlement Bill had already been printed , and informed it that the ili » hways Rate Bill and the Drainage Bill weie now considerably advan c ed , and would shortly be Idid un the table .

      CORN AND CUSTOMS'IMPORTATION ACTS . Upon the order of the day ( the further proceeding on the Customs' and Corn Importation Report ) being read , a tedious conveisation ensued upon the already well-debated article of silk . JAv . Musta fontmed the example by reverting to the zinc question . ( t At the item spirits and strong waters , Alderman Thompson ottered his protest to the proposed ' . eduction in duty as inexpedient , as well on -. onsideiations of revenue as on other grounds . The annua ) loss to the revenue from this course would be upwards of £ 100 , 000 , while the advantage , if any , wouul result exclusively to middle and upper classes of th-- - community , lie move d t h e omission of the above words from the resolution . Mr . Ewart supported , and the Marquis of Ui-anby opposed , the reduction .

      Mr . Carowkll argued that the revenue would not be injured by the diminished rate ot duty , while the morality ofthe country would be equally inviolate ; consumption would not bo inureased—but iliwi * . dis « tillatton would be encouraged . Our trade with France would also be benefitted by tho reduction . Mr . Knight having said a few words , the house divided , when the numbers were—For the amendment ... ... „ . 3-i Against it ... . ... 0-5 Majority against the amendment —31

      The article clover-seed induced a most lugubrious supplication from Mr . . ' illix . He expected thm the abolition of the existing duty would cause the most wide-spread misery throughout the land , exiling the landowners from their paternal acres , and destroying the whole class ol agricultural labourers . Sir It . Pbkl offered his testimony to ' Mr . Allix ' s patriotism , but showed slight sympathy with the hon . gentleman ' s apprehensions . This objection was not pressed to a division . On the next resolution being read ,

      Mr . Milks regretud thai ministers had determined to remit the small duty which had bren retained in the tariff of IS 12 , on the importation of foreign cattle , lie showed that the duty bad neither been prohibitory nor unproductive ; and if tho suppfy of foreign beasts for tlie market at . ** mith field lutd been recently stopped , it was owing to the reluctance of tlie importers to introduce any foreign cattle until the present duty was repealed . When that duty was taken oft , the market would be quite ** itiumi .. ied " with foreign cattle . He thought that tin- dutv ought to be retained until the expiration of the ( WLaws ; and such being his opinion , he moved , as an amendment , to strike out . o the resolution the words , " oxen and bulls , cows , lambs , swine and hogs , bacon , beef salted , pork fresh , pork salted , & c . " Colonel Swthok * ' seconded the amendment

      Sir Iv . Fuel justified tho reduction of dutv now proposed , and showed that it could not be productive of any inj ury to the agricultural intei est . Competition with Irish cattle was quite as formidable to the English grazier as competition with Dutch and Danish cattle . And yet the Englteh grazier competed successfully with tho Irish grazier . Win i ) len should he be afraid ofcompeting ' with the foreigner ? It was said that the price ot cattle had recently ]» ' creased . Now , did it never occur to the P . © leciionists that the increased price might be oc-asiotu-d by increased consumption , and that increased consumptionmight be the result of the labouring classes having enjoyed , during the last year , better wages and more constant employment ?

      A distil * ion then tiok place , in whi c h Mr . Finch , the Chancellor ofthe Exchequer , Sir J . Tyrrell , Mr . VilHers , Sir J . Trollope , Mr . P . Borihwici ; , Sir J . Walsh , Mr . E . Yorkc , Sir C . Knightly , Mr . C . Bruce , and Lord G . Bentinck joined , and in which tho speakers van riot over the most multifarious topic- - . The Excise duties were discussed—mi too was the malt tax , aud the comparative merit of uudt and oilcake in fattening cattle . The iniluence of railroads was taken into consideration , as wa » also the state of Ireland , the pncdial outrages of its peasantr y , and the want of employment among i's ; mpulation generally . The disinterestedness ui the

      landowners , and the selfish objects of the tnauulacturers in propagating free trade principles , and iu seeking the repeal of the Corn Laws , were dwelt on with inlinitc gusto , whilst much eloquence was wasted by ^ tho " agricultural mind" upon the impossibility ot relying on the professions of government , on the probability of Sir R . Peel's scheme being rejected by the House of Lords , and the certainty of the Protectionists obtaining a majority in the next Parliament , if an appeal were now made to the couutryj As to the resolution itself , very little was said , as it seemed to be almost forgotten until thee was a call for a division .

      The house then divided , when there appeared—For the amendment ? i Against it Ill Majority against it ., 31 ) The announcement of the numbers was received with loud cheers from the Protection benches , 'flic original proposition was then agreed to . Another division took place on the article "hides , " in which the government proposition was carried by a majority of 01 . An objection was also taken by Mr . Lawson to the reduction on "linens ; " but it was not pressed to a division . , w On the timber duties being read , Mr . Mrroiusix moved the date 18-10 instead of 1 Si 7 <»» the nrst resolution , which was negatived without a division . The resolution on the timber duties was then put substantively .

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), March 21, 1846, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_21031846/page/7/