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Northern Star (1837-1852), 20th September 1851, Edition 2 of 2, Page 5

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      ; Iwar With The Pope And _ ' ' Despotism...

      ggSw ^ dip lamalirt * isiadmirenf prej * ai tor is , ifhe ^ a * *» E « "M » reb /> attached WjrT gjeat caused- -Constitutional Govern ^ W ont aThe . himselfjayB he fy he would long Save found out a method ; -ofdoing this . 3 ? t Lflr dPALMERSiox , . so-far , lias never ^ if "Led on behalf : of liberty abroad , without Jfroduciog the opposite resultsto those he pro-: Kd toW in vie * . . He W «¦ - unlucky !& nlaying-into the hands of his ostensible orients , which , rather ; puzzles ; the . onooker 8 , and 6 ome . have even cried f . treason . - ' Be that as it may , our : last interference onl y « rved to " Jneite the unfortunate people : who . .. . ,. ¦ ¦ - - . . ^_— J

      trusted to . -us , ' into , open manifestations of their feenngs and opinions—and to premature insurreft Uoos / wMch ensured . ^ blqotlyiand cruel jeve ' nge from the , kingly -oppressors . from whose yoke they had attempted to escape . . . If we interfere again , it must not be in the tray we oid ' 4 ^/ jBiwy ^ noir , ; "' BittBt it by fine raeecHes and ; ' prpFuse . expressions of sympath y ^ as in the , case ofHungary .. The ; desppts can irell ' afford to laugh at " all . that Bnd of

      humbug and balderdashY The / docttine of nonintervention , is a capital : one- for them . Ifbey take care -to leave - it to the sentimentalists , and act ... upon the oppos e themselves .. When Austria ,, was teateu by Hungary , . Russia . sent her armiM .. to assist : in quenching its . liberties . in a sea of blood j . vyhenjthe flag of a true republic floated over ' the Vatican , the react ionary and despotic party lid -Erance sent an army to pull it down , and . to raise in its stead the infamous standard

      of ecclesiastical and temporal oppression , under which Home had so long groaned , and , by its own noble efforts , so gloriously shaken ofi . . The armies of Prussia and Austria ' assisted' in the open destruction of a constitution in Hesse Cassel , older than Lord . J . JtrssElLs Reform Act . Everywhere the tyrants were ready to lend each other arms to crush liberty . It is time , then , that nations cast away the foolish prejudices which have allowed the partisans of old authority v to subdue them in detail . If the interests of despots be identical , so are those of the peoples .. . If brotherhood ,

      concert , and mutual help , are so useful to the tyrants , what would . they not effect for . the nations ? No country can hope to retain its own liberties , while all around it are enslaved . ; In proportion as the circle closes gnrand ns -we . become more powerless ,. and prepared- to fall an easy prey to the triump hant and well-organised power of the united aggressors . It is , therefore , no distant or foreign battle we are called upon to fight in the coming struggle . The war . has been

      begun already in our . own country by the Pope , and the only way in which we can meet and repel the aggression , is to carry it to Ms own doors / . Give him work enough at home , and , depend upon it , he will trouble his lead very little with Irish national schools or colleges , or the internal affairs of this country He will have plenty t o do in endeavouring to cave himself from the Italians , who regard Lis assumption of spiritual ^ infallibility , as an impiety , and Ma temporal rule as one of the greatest curses which ever afflicted a

      nation .. . . We need not send forth . any army to accomplish this diversion—at least ,, in the first instance . All that is required from us is a proclamation that in the war between the people and . their rulers , provoked by -the cruelties , the treasons , the perjuries , and the atrocious crimes of the latter , England will take the side of the people . That her influence , her wealth , and all the facilities that wealth can command , will he given to promote the ' ., cause . of popular progress—of human enlightenment , and of Government ly the people / or the people . Were it known that Mazzini ' s loan was

      openly bought and sold on the Stock Exchange—that ,. cannon , muskets and ammunition were sent from the Thames without Ie ^; or hindrance—that no Enlistment Act prevented the sympathisers with Italian Inde \ pendence and Liberty from enrolling themselves under its banner , we suspect that Pros the Ninth would speedily don his footman ' s livery again ; but this time he would fly further than when he last assumed that disguise . Listen to the eloquent and statesmanlike appeal , of Mazzini—the Rienzi of the Nineteenth Century—and understand , how to extinguish at once and for ever the haughty and audacious assumptions of a Hierarchy inimical to Knowledge , Freedom , and

      Progress : — -, , TOilsttbe Pope possesses Italy , he will have a footing in every part of Europe . It is the Kalian nation alone that can annihilate papacy , would yon introduce the light and air of heaven within ourprisoH ? Help ns to break open its gates , to throw down its walls ; and the air and the light of Godwill pour in to . invigorate , and enbgbtenuB . Help us to reconquer liberty , of speech : you will find thatourfirstword will be liberty of conscience . Petition your government , not to arrest the progress of Catholicism amongst yourselves—how can it attempt to do so—but remembering for once at leastthat England also bas . rigbts and duties in Europe , to put a stop to the prolonged scandal of a foreign occupation of Rome ; and be sure that twenty-fonr & oura af £ er our ^ eliTCrance ' the Pope ihallflee towards Gael * and soon much further thin Gaeta .

      J Admirenf Id Titt Ssptiigiffib^^ ^^ -R ...

      sspTiigiffiB ^^ ^^ -r -... ^ „„^„ „ ., ..,, :: Klt ^ J . MPMSS ^ i- ^ -s tjul , ,.- .. . :. - _ _^_ j __ _ i __ _^ . - - Si Jll I I —~~—j—~— . ..

      The Australian El Bobado And Eepublio. A...

      THE AUSTRALIAN EL BOBADO AND EEPUBLIO . A second California has been discovered in Australia . Attracted by the seductive tidings the resident population have already rushed off to the occupation of Gold finding . Shepherds have left their flocks and herds to wander nncared for . Shopkeepers deserted their tills , dcrlts their desks , sailors their ships , the shoemaker his awl , the carpenter his saw , and the mason his chiselwith tbe intention and

      , hope of p icking up a fortune among the hilly regions near Bathurst . As yet the intelligence is hut scanty and vague , though there is no donbt as to the truth of the main fact . The extent of the auriferous district , and the comparative abundance of the metal with that of California , is not yet ascertained , though it appears that its discovery was p rincipally owing to the similarity of the strata and geoloirical formation of the district to that of the Gold region in the 2 vew State of the American

      federation . The rapidity with which a large population poured from all quarters of the world into California , may be taken as an indication of the immense impetus which this news will give to Australian emigration ; and -whatever may be the immediate result to the individuals themselves , cannot fail to have a mighty influence on the future fate of the colonies in that country . As the machinery of Government

      is in full operation in the older settlements , and the population is considerable ^ besides being trained to the ordinary pursuits of industry , we do not anticipate anything like the excitement , demoralisation , and lawlessness , which attended the sudden peopling of the Californian placers with a motley assemblage of rovers and adventurers , from all quarters of the globe ; But on the other hand , the rapid influx of an adventurous and enterprising race

      of men , will be certain to derange the existing etate of things in the colonies , and to create exigencies for which the present Government will be found totally inadequate . Apart , therefore , froua its beatings on the social and industrial condition of Australia ; and , as a consequence , in this country ; we may expect that this discover ) ' will have a powerful political influence on the destiny of the widely separated Colonies which now exist there as the mere nucleus of future States . Even under the old very gradual and limited increase of population , the Government had practically become unfit for the wants of the country . Hampered and restricted in its operation' by an office 18 , 000 miles distent , necessaril y knowing little pf its actual « rants , i

      The Australian El Bobado And Eepublio. A...

      ar id possessing ^ titt lets of the power of immei diate adaptation to exigencies as they arise , which is essential to all good government , the Colonial administration stood by no' means in the good graces-gf the : peeple of

      supposed that because we have sent out titled governors , aristocratic secretaries , and bishops in lawn sleeves , that ; therefore we have natttralised monarchy in Australia . On the contrary , the Colonists , have . learned to associate with that name all ; the hindrances they have experienced to the free , spontaneous , and natural development of their energies , and the vast resources which , are at their command ; and the most intelligent , and public spirited of the settlers clearly understand , that until , the people govern as in the United / States , ; they can never hope to do justice to either .

      The 'Times' this week , in one of its bold and vigorous , leaders , baa . vividly ponrtrayed the mhichief caused by Earl Grey and the Colonial system under his superintendence and control , apropos of the present wretched state Of our South African Colonies . In showing up the inherent defects of our Colonial system , the 'leading journal' echoes opinions we have long inculcated in the columns of the ' Star , ' and we therefore hope they are becoming popular in influential quarters ; for tbe ' Times ' always knows pretty well ' . what way the wind blows .

      Nothing can be more forcible than the contrast it draws between the lot of shrewd , intelligent , energetic , brave , and practical Englishmen , under the rule of Lord Gbet in our Colonies , and the same race managing their own affairs in the United States . How many there are who can testif y to the correctness of the following portrait !—The unfortunate Englishmen who leave the ' " country as colonists are subject entirely to Down ing-street , arid the influences which there prevail-They are obliged : to submit all their individual capacity and energy to official rule—the Chief

      Secretary is a species of divinity in colonial regions —and the sturdy merchant , manufacturer , or agriculturist , who in England never thought of or cared for a Secretary of State is on a sudden made tho slave" of an official despot . He can do nothing without the sanction of the colonial authority , his individual skill and energy are neutralized , and he is subject at once to caprice , ignorance , and often to the mere outbreaks of ill-temper . The man who in England would evince a continuous and ever- ; 8 pringing hope and energy is in the colony brought ; " under the dominion of a Secretary of State and bis clerks . '

      Take the rererseof the picture — We have received some lessons within tbe last few weeks from the emancipated colonists of England who now constitute the United States of America . We may , if we be wise , derive from them instruction of far greater value , than can be imparted by the lines of the schooner America . The colonies of the United States are the shame of ours . " Colonies of the United States V some one may exclaim , " and where are they 1 " They are to be found in the thirty States which have been formed since the declaration of independence by the thirteen united provinces of America . A general rule has presided over the formation of these new

      communities , aud the men who have formed Ohio , Indiana , Texas , and a host of other States , came in a - great proportion from our' own country , and would , had the Colonial Office permitted , have formed for England the colonies which tbey have been driven to create for the United States . Let uo one fancy this to be an exaggerated statement . It ft the simple and painful " truth ; ' If there were no Lord Grey at the Colonial Office—if an English colony could be formed in the same simple and predetermined manner in . which an American territory is called into existence—if such a creation were the result merely of the law , and was not ' dependent upon tbe mere whim and passion of any one mail .

      ire might by this time have boasted of a multitude of flourishing colonies , which should have rivalled the rising States of America . * * * Some may say the difference isnotiri the system , but the country . TFeanswer by pointing' to the two ; banks of the river St . Lawrence . Canada is how beginning to govern itself . It is almost emancipated from the leaden rule of Downing-street ; so soon as it is completely so it will rival the States which lie upon the southern shore of the great river which divides the

      territories of England from those of her republican neighbour . But hitherto tbe incubus has weighed with a fearful weight upon these fine provinces . JSew York has become almost the rival of England ; but Canada is still a petty province . Her land is as fertile , her rivers are jiist as fitfor the purposes of traffic and transport as thoseof Uetr York : but in Sew York the common sense of practical meii is the guide of the government . In Canada hitherto the fribble clerks of Downing-street have borne sway . Every 'traveller who has passed from one side of the river St . Lawrence to the other has

      been struck by the extraordinary difference m circumstances so similar , and has been compelled to ask to what can such a painful inferiority be ascribed . . The result cannot be disputed ; the climate is the same , the soil is equally fertile , the men are in both countries Englishmen—what is it that jn the one case stamps wretchedness and miserable inferiority on the country , and in the other marks the whole people with the unmistakable signs of prosperity and vigorous advance ? . The- only difference is the government . In the one province the Colonial Minister is the ruler ; - in the other a practical people takes care of its own concerns . .. True ! most true , as far . as it goes—but it is not the whole truth . The Colonial

      Minister is the servant of a monarchy , and is hound to uphold the power and prerogatives of a crowned sovereign . The side of the St . Lawrence not subject to monarchical sway , is under a republic . The' practical people do take care of their own concerns , ' and permit neither kings nor lords to dictate how they shall manage them . Happy are we , that at a time when the supporters of monarchy proudly point to the freedom , security and enlightened tolerance , which obtains under the reign of Victoria , the Times' bo forcibly calls to recollection , that in all the essentials of national enterprise , greatness , and progress , we are out-stripped b y Englishmen under a republic .

      Australia will not fail to take the hint . The mere removal of Lord Grey will not destroy the Colonial system of which he is the present official exponent ; that system existed before his appointment—it will exist when he no longer holds the seals of office . The unchecked and natural development of a new country can never proceed properly while it is fettered and crippled by the swaddling bands of old fashioned monarchical nurses . Australia has a magnificent climate , a splendid country abounding in every kind of wealth , and every natural means for becoming a powerful state or federation of states . It is

      removed from ns so far that it is impossible tor any British Legislature or Minister to govern it , either satisfactorily to this country or the Colonists themselves . Its erection into a Sovereign and Independent Kepublic , so far from weakening , would , ; in reality , strengthen this ' . country . The Bureaucrats , and the scions of aristocratic families , for whose benefit these colonial pastures are preserved , might lose by it ; but every other class would gain immensely by the creation of a powerful , wealthy , enlightened , and prosperous counter part of the Great American Republic at the Antipodes .

      ~ 8sw Liberal Paper.—Tve Have Received T...

      ~ 8 sw Liberal Paper . —TVe have received the first two numbers of the " Huddersfield and Holmfirth Examiner , " which we are happy to hail as an addition to the number of fellow- labourers in tbe cause of political , ; social , and .. educational reform . Without professing to agree in the precise opinions of our new contemporary with respect to details , we cordially aad thoroughly sympathise with the spirit in which they are expressed , and the manner in which a bold and manly avowal of principle is blended , with respect for those holding opposite views . We do not know a more hopeful district for the labours of such a journal than that in and around Huddersfield , and we trust its success will be decided and lasting . " '

      ,. „„ . 2 fuu . eroas arrests have been made at Pestb in consequence of the exhibition of a statue of . St . Stephen , the features of which resembled Kossuth . Metternicb , it is said , is writing his biography , and a history of tho Austrian court ^ which is not to be opened till sixty years after bis death .

      ~ 8sw Liberal Paper.—Tve Have Received T...

      NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OP UNITED TRADES . ^ - - ; c-1 . S . Duhcojuu 5 , Esq .., M . P ., President . , , " Established lStf . ; - ! . ' . '' :, V ; : ''" ' " - "hai juanm . " ¦ ¦ :- ' " If it were possible for the working classes ! . by combining among themselves , to raise , or keep up the ' general rate of-wages , it need hardly be saia that tbis would" be a thing not tO hB punished , but lo be welcomed and rejoiced it , " ¦ "• " ¦ ' gtuuT Suii . \ . ^ T . mTnv . T

      Since . bur last article , the ' Times , ' in-that usual coarse and unscrupulous style for whicb . it is pre-eminent , has . issued another of itslylng leaders , for the avowed purpose of preventing the working classes from ' assisting the ' convicted conspirators ? from obliaining th ^^ in the Court above , which has . been denied them at Stafford . La this article the National Association , its patriotic "President , and its Officers , share amongst them the full measure of the editorial invective . We . shall not . pre ^

      sume to offer any defence for Mr .. Duncombe , against the foul and slanderous attack of this pre-eminentl y vituperate journal . '; That honourable gentleman ' s public life is , a complete and triumphant answer to the calumnies of this anonymoiUB scribbler ; ^ lieaving , therefore , Mr . Duncombe ( if indeed he will condescend to notice its impertinence ) , to "; deal with the ' Times , ' we shall only attempt to defend the National Association and its . Officers , from its ' cowardly slanders . The ' Times' thus describes the National

      Association : — ' There is , it appears , a body of persons who choose to call themselves The National Association of United Trades . The ostensible purpose of these people is to protect the interest of the working classes in the various trades throughout the country ; the real object of the Association is , to find an easy means of subsistence for a small number of idle peoplemen who dislike hard work , find agitation more agreeable than steady industry ,, and have therefore employed their wits to devise a means b y which they can live upon the labour ofother ? . ' . . .

      How far this description is applicable , we leave to the thousands who have watched the progress as friends , or opponents ; or those numerous bodies who have reaped solid advantages from the labours of those ' idle people , ' whom six consecutive Conferences have chosen to conduct the affairs of the Association , to decide . We think , however , that this is a matter . with which the ' Times , ' nor those for whom it writes , have any great right to

      trouble themselves . As every association of capital assume tbe right to manage its o * n affairs between itself and its executive , we think that the associations of labour might well be left also to manege their affairs , without the impertinent meddling of the Times . If , however , the above quoted paragraph is offensively officious , the next few sentences are supremely ridiculous '; but leave it to those who ' are acquainted with Trades' Unions and their operatives to ) udge , whether any thing could exceed the following sentences in exquisite absurdity : —

      "So soon as they ( tho idle people ) find any trade flourishing , and the working men well off , they immediately set themselves to work , for the purpose of persuading these working men that they ought to be dissatisfied . Certain delegates are dispatched to prove to the poor fellows that they are illused—that their masters are tyrants—and that resistance and a turn out are a sacred duty which the men owe to themselves , their families ; and their class . " ' • How awfully " green" are all our well paid mechanics and artisans , according to this sapient editor , or , as our friends the Lancashire lads would say , how gradely soft . " Of course / the Wolverhampton Tinmen are described ( and Mr . E . Perry ' s statements are produced as proofs of it ) in this blessed state of Indus , trial felicity ; and that , therefore , they were exactly the men to excite the cupidity of the "idlepeople , " the Executive Committee of the National

      Associa-. Now , if the editor of the " Times , " as a public journalist ,, as he ought to have done , bad made himself acquainted with the evidence given upon the trial on both sides , before he presumed to publicly comment upon the case , he would have known that all that he has been writing , however clever and dashing , is utterly destitute of the only quality which can make even the finest writing respectable truth . It is not true , although Mr . E . Perry insinuates it , and the " Times asserts it , that the "idle people" troubled themselves in the local affairs of the Wolverhampton Tinmen until they had been strongly and repeatedly requested to do so . It is not true that the " idle people" conspired to induce the Perrys articled men to break their

      engagements . But it is . true that they did all they could to prevent it , and were mainly-instrumental in checking it as soon as they knew of it . It is also not true ( although Mr . E . Perry states it J that he paid . as good a -price as his neighbours , or anything like it . Here are our proofs , unimpeached and unimpeachable : — -. "Sa ' muhl Bbtani examined by Mr . Macnamara . — Was present when Green and Peel waited upon Mr . E . Perry , as a'deputation ; in April , 1850 , to talk about the assimilation of prices . They were courteously received by Mr . Perry ; Thought Mr . Peel told Mr . Perry they were opposed to strikes . A book of prices had been talked of in the trade for two years and a half . Believed that Mr , Perry complimented Peel and Green on the manner in which they conducted their business .

      " John SwixcnETifcorroborated the evidence of the previous witness , as to what passed at the interview of the deputation , of which he was one , with Mr . Perry . Mr . Perry said that he had long known what was going on , and anticipated a strike ; and that he had got some tin kettles to ring thetft OUt . ' Mr . Perry shook hands with Peel , saying it was customary to dp so before fighting . The same articles for which Mr . Perry paid 24 s ., Mr . Shoolbred paid 31 s . for . "J . Elmot examined . —Was president of the Wolverhampton Tin-plate Workers' Association , and a member of the United Trades' Association ,

      Messrs . Peel , Green , and Winters were invited to come down to Wolverhampton by the Tin-plate Workers * Society . They recommended all hired men to fulfil their contracts to the letter . Had never known tbem to use threats or intimidation , or to recommend others to do so . Peel first came down in April , when he stayed a fortnight . He came again in August or September , Believed Peel was not at Wolverhampton in July . Peel lodged at the Seven Stars , in John-street , and not at the Star , as had been stated ior the prosecution . It was always their object to avoid interference with tho hired men ; and a placard to that effect was posted up in various factories .

      " John Hand examined . —Remembered tbe strike of Mr . Perry ' s hired men in November last . Called the attention of Winter and Green to the fact , who advised the men " to return and fulfil their engagements . In consequence of this they did so , " Evidence to the same effecthaving been given byother witnesses , " "Mr . G . Robinson was examined by Mr . Pkhrv . —Was an attorney . Was mayor of Wolverhampton in 1850 . In October last Mr . E . Perry

      claimed his protection by letter . Witness suggested the mediation of the magistrates . A meeting was consequently held , at which several magistrates attended . Mr . E . Perry was there , and also witness , Green , and others . Green spoke on behalf of the workmen . No satisfactory arrangement was arrived at . The magistrates gave an opinion , which was not accepted by Mr . Perry . A few days after , Winter or Green requested witness to interfere to prevent Mr . Perry ' s hired men from breaking their contract . "

      We think any man , except a prejudiced editor , will here perceive that the grave charges against the Central Committee have no foundation in fact , and that instead of the Tin-plate Workers having no just cause of complaint against Mr . Perry , here is the uncontradicted evidence of a man who left Mr . Perry at theetrite , because he was dissatisfied , who . swears he gets 31 s . from Mr . Shoolbred for making the same article that Mr . Perry paid 24 s ., being a difference of twenty-nine ; per cent , and a fraction . And this is the sort of justice Mr . Perry boasts of having meted out to his men for the last nine years , and , consequently , his men had no cause for complaint—and so say . tbe " Times and " Daily News . " Now we suppose Mr . Swinchett could , at . all eventsmake one dozen of these articles weekly , nd

      , which at Mr . Perry ' s prices would be 24 s ., ^ aat Mr . Shoolbred ' s 31 s . ; tbe difference between these prices at the year ' s end will amount to about £ 18 4 s ., in round numbers ; and for the nine years that Messrs . Perry , and Messrs . Shoolbred and Walton , have been paying the same wages respectively , Mr , Swinchett has been mulcted by Mr . Perry—if hehas worked for him so long—of no less a sum than £ 163 lCs . Multiply this by the 200 men said to have been in his employment , and there can be no doubt why he was so satisfied on the one hand , and his men so dissatisfied on the other . Nor can it be supposed that men in the position of Swinchett , should require any great amount of persuasion from the . " idle people , " to produce , that unhappy state of mind which induced him . and

      ~ 8sw Liberal Paper.—Tve Have Received T...

      fevstem Sf **!? ' ^ rdi aYe , themselves from 3 the Nat ? on ! i "y u 8 tl ! th , » the instrumentality SSS !* A ? SOcla « o » , of which they had been shoTOanvifJSr j ear 8 ' , the Committee had SeSasK f ? ^ neS 9 in lbeir efforts io remedy S ^ ffi ^ hS ^ I - rham P ™ n were labourffiXn 8 s £ j r m , <} eed have been . traitors to andcontemntif « ° merited the <» etigation ana contempt of their class . . They - applied them " - ffiStU nd pwmoM 8 u 0 ^ asolution of the ftraa ^ ffir ^ P ^ vcs , as were just . ! h £ ? K « Sabi ! t ° employer and workmen ; and the r tSnwnr «^ - ? t 80 ™ P « l ° u 8-aaberence to £ KfXhuPAf con < hUons provided by law for the CSW i alv' According to the opinion of Sal » 'S ^ of - tni men were " very S 3 \& A andMr - Perry would have done better had ne been more conciliating ., TVe put it to any 'S i , , erSOl 5 ^ ether , if we take out flf the case alltl at cooked-up evidence about makin * the I l 1 I I l

      ? h * TS ^ rS ei ? own consent-and se hding the cSl ' r ^ u hicb ^ <* cding 8 it is proved rKLiSi ° ;? mm » "ee were strohgly opposed , SZnl l n - !> een a P articl ° of evidence to fndictmSSt . ° 6 JUry 8 Upporfc 0 f thi 8 , moD 8 trou 8 Ert ""^ 'gnwant , or desirous of misre . % **? lJi he ' F ! ini Purposes ot the Assoeia-§? ft ? £ - ?* f \ ' % fa TO « r of the Editor of the StaS , to reprint the address of Mr . Dunconbe . dej !!? u M atl 01 ! al Coufefencei held on Montl \ fZt ? t i ? 8 i 5 ' > t 0 * M » h we-beg ^ invite * f S < l attentl 0 n of ^ e tra des-of England , as . " . i „ the necessity for such ah Association as is tnerei ^ comte mplated , and so powerfully recommended by the patriotic member for Finsbory , exists even in a still higher degree now than them . Upon reading , this address , it will he seen how

      faithfully Mr . Duncombe has fulfilled his part of tbecombat ; and we regret to add , with their proverbial fickleness of purpose , how inadequately ha r ? i *? ff 0 rk , ? £ menresPonaed to his invitation , liad the working men , or rather their leaders , acted an honest and consistent part , the National Association would this day have been a " great fact , and common sense and common honesty would not have been outraged by the wretched , unseemly farce recently enacted at Stafford . Let , however , the errors of the past act as becons to guide us to a more rational future . Whatever the results of the Stafford verdicts , the National Association will pursue its course , not only unin . terruptedly , but strengthened in numbers and influence , by the persecution in preparation for the " idle people , " who have endeavoured to faithfully discharge their duties to their fellow-men .

      The Committee of the National Association , attached and vilified by the powerful and deeply prejudiced press of the capitalists , appeal confidently to the verdict of their fellow-countr j men to rescue , if not their persons , at least their characters , from the foul calumnies of their cowardly and infamous traducers . The only crime they have committed has been directing the power and resources of the Association—committed to their guidance—to the protection of the rights of labour against the avaricious aggressions ' of an unprincipled clique pf mean and despicable tyrants . In this they believe they have performed simply their duty . W . Pbei , Sec . 2 o 9 , Tottenham-court-road , London .

      Address Of Mr. T. S. Duncombe At The Nat...

      ADDRESS OF MR . T . S . DUNCOMBE AT THE NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF TRADES * DELEGATES , . HELD ON MONDAY , THE 21 th MARCH , 1846 . . . . . ' '

      , GeUtlemen ;—In assuming the office which your confidence rather than my own will or fitness has imposed upon me , I feel some difficulty—a difficulty not arising out of any misgiving as to your ability to devise and power to execute any plan that the majority of this highly important assembly shall deliberately agree upon , but the difficulty of decidmgupon the most proper and apt machinery for the purpose of giving effect to your judgment . Gentlemen , I learn that you have wisely decided upon excluding all political topics from your consideration ; but I feel convinced that , should the day arrive when the English mind shall see that " a fair day's wages for a fair day ' s work" can only be achieved through the fair representation in par . hament of those

      seeking their just rights , then my countrymen will , with their characteristic boldness , demand such a change in the system as shall ensure to them not only the possessson , but the protection of the fruits of their industry . It is wise , however , that you should first test the willingness of those who have the power not only to remedy yourgrievances , but to render any great political change valueness in your eyes . It is better to persuade men than to coerce them , and should your first move have been in a political direction I fear that the varied . elements of which this national assembly must naturally consist , would have presented an appearance of internal contention and strife , rather than of organisation and union , two ingredients indispensable lo the success of your , project .

      Gentlemen , although I am here rather to learn than to instruct , yet I hope I . may , without presumption , be permitted to suggest each a course as I conceive best calculated to insure success . You may , and most probably will , evince great wisdom and astuteness in those several discussions , bearing relatively or positively upon your several positions , while the manifold interests which are represented upon this occasion may lead some to suppose that there is difficulty in combining those interests in anyone common plan . ' Such , however , is not my opinion , for while there may appear no connexion between a cotton-spinner and a shoemaker , nevertheless , we must come to the conclusion , that that machinery cannot be perfect

      which does not equally represent and equally protect the interests of both . This , then , is the important point to which I would respectfully direct your attention;—the establishment of such a devising and controlling body as shall give effect to , and fully carry , out , whatever plan the majority of this assembly shall decide upon . You will have . done but little , if you meet and separate , after having merely proclaimed your wrongs , and suggested your remedies . You must do more—having the power , you must boldly proclaim your determination to redress yourselves ; and , humble as I am , I shall have sufficient confidence in your

      importance ahd integrity , when backed by your concurrence , to declare in my place in parliament that the hour has at length arrived when Englishmen know their rights , and are determined to possess them . ( Cheers . ) In the debate upon tho " Ten Hours' Bill , " during the last session of parliament , when the House of Commons stultified itself by preferring the ascendancy of a Minister to the interests aud even tho well-being of the working classes , my mind was for , the first time directed to the practical operation of the principle of restriction , and to that question I would now draw your most

      seriousattention . You will naturally consider whether or not any or all the measures submitted by parliament to the country are calculated to cause an equitable distribution of the profits on trade between capi . talists and labourers , and if they are not calculated to do so , you will then , I hope , enter upon the consideration of some , well-digested ' plan to effect an object of the most vital importance , one upon which I do not hesitate to say the existence of the middle classes and of the lauded avistocracv depends , and for this reason ;—If our mechanical powers of production go on increasing according to well-founded anticipation , one of two results must necessarily follow—either new markets must

      be discovered as consumers , or the surplus of idlers must progressively increase . As , then , the discovery of new customers is at best but problematical , we must look upon an increasing surplus as the more rational result from improved machinery , and how to deal with that surplus is the question of paramount importance to those who are as yet allowed to labour and to live . Whether this surplus should bu maintained by those employed to avert competition , or by the government—that is , by the country , according to the rules of justice , is the grand question . I hold that those at work cannot and ought not to be called upon to apply any portion of their earnings

      to tue support of a surplus created by the operation of a new system over which they have no control , And I further hold that the government has no right to tax one portion of the community for the maintenance of another portion , rendered dependent , while willing to labour . Those who have read the accounts stated by me in tho House of Commons , relative to the effect produced by practising the principles of restriction at Sheffield , must come to the conclusion that short houraof labour do not lead to a reduction of wages , although it may tend to . reduce the inordinate profits of capitalists , accumulated rather from their power over the labour market than from the

      just sources of trade or speculation;—in fact , that calculations of profit and loss are now based upon the ability of the powerful to reduce the wages of the powerless , rather than upon the ordinary rules by which we are told commerce should Ue regulated . The reasons , however , why your employers have been enabled to hold your labour in complete subjection are so well known to all who have taken part in strikes , whether just , unjust , or speculative , that I should abstain from any comment upon that part of the subject , were it not necessary fur tho direction of your minds to the adoption of such measures as would enable you in future to judge , first , ot the justice of a strike ; and secondly , ol your efficiency to carry it out . ' In all cases where strikes have taken place they have been for the most part entered . upon rashly , though perhaph justly ; and tho justice of your ' case has been lost in the . rashnes of your measures . However righteous your olaimB may appear at first sight , it has

      Address Of Mr. T. S. Duncombe At The Nat...

      too often happened that your , own rashness has enabled your masters to enlist the power of the law to ensure their own triumph , and hence have been compelled to flgiit against the two-edged , sword of capital and Jegal persecution . Whenever a strike takes place the local authorities , who are for the most part employers , have been able to warp some enthusiastic and justly indignant minds from their original purpose , to the adoption of what is easily construed . into constructive conspiracy or sedition , and thus your imperfect machinery has been unable to compete against the more perfect machinery of your opponents .

      Through the legal acumen , perseverance , and steady watchfulness of the miners' law adviser , Mr . Roberts , that large body of men were enabled to continue what I call the most justifiable and extensive strike upon record , for the period of many months , notwithstanding thatthe vengeance and the power of tbeir masters was directed against tbem , and the power of the law was at their command , if the conduct of the men had authorised its interference . This strike failed , not because it was capriciously entered upon , but because there was wanting proper plan of national organisation to insure its success .

      h ^ r ^ Tr ' this J unaer 8 t a nd- to ho a national Douy , and l must therefore presume that one of your mam objects will be the establishment of some permanent machinery for the regulation of Trades ' matters and Trades' strikes . That that body shall m 0 mu !^ f A 0 n 8 tU r , ' W " P ° W 6 r Ve 8 ted in itS memom to hear all matters connected with trades ' business , and m all cases where the rights of any onejtrade are threatened or invaded , that that trade , if a strike should be sanctioned by the g . ?^ 3 ?*? ' Bha L u be suBtaineri , upheld , and supported during the struggle-however long it shall eontmue-the terms to be submitted to and agreed upon by a maprity of the governing body . / I think that such a plan would divest a strike of that local and personal feeling which is in general attributed to the prime movers , ani would give protection to those who , if struggling alone , must necessarily be subject to all those disadvantages which unprotected poverty experiences in its

      struggle with protected wealth , Of course , in the formation of such a body , you must take local machinery into your consideration , that is suppose a strike takes place at Sheffield or in Manchester , sanctioned by the ruling body , in such case you put yourselves in communication with the local delegates of that trade appointed by their body—who become honorary members for the time of the general body , and if necessary you appoint one or more as Commissioners from your permenent executive , to repair to the spot , where the strike takes place , " there to instruct themselves upon , and inform you of , all matters connected with the movement , and in such cases it is my opinion that any excitement necessary to sustain the strike , should be transferred from tho place where it occurs to the Metropolis , where of course the governing body will hold its permanent sittings .

      By these means strikes when just , would be of short duration , because the united power of the national trades of Great Britain when properly and justly directed , as I feel assured they would be , would prove an over match for the power of the local masters , or even of the whole masters of the united kingdom , should a counter organisation he attempted , By systematic organisation of this kind tho political minority in each country has been enabled to hold the ascendancy over the disunited and disorganised majority . You will perceive that I have thought it necessary to dwell more at length upon tho description of machinery by which your plans are to be carried out , than upon the means you shall adopt , for the adjustment of the several differences that exist between you and your masters , or that may hereafter occur .

      Gentlemen , you will also observe that I have not only abstained from comment , upon matters upon which you must necessarily be better instructed than myself , but that I have also abstained from noticing any political questions with which from my position I might be supposed to be more conversant than yourselves ; I have thought this the wisest and best course for the achievement of our common object , which I understand to be " a fair day ' s w age , for a fair day ' s work . " Gentlemen , whatever view the curious , the idle , or the timid may take of this great movement , 1 assure you it gires rise to very serious considerations in my mind . If this be in truth , as I believe and hope it is , a fair representation of that growing spirit of Englishmen of which we hear so much , and to curb which requires so much artifice and

      cunning , its matured deliberations must go to tbe world with an irresistible effect . ( Cheers . ) You have looked with anxious hope to each political party , and to every political party , for that amelioration in our . condition which you have at length wisely decided can only be effected by your own united energies . Gentlemen , those who shall scan and criticise what may be decided upon by this representation of the industrious English people , should recognise in your intentions the practical carrying out of their-own theories . They one and all admit the vast increase that has taken place in the national wealth , while they are compelled also to admit your legitimate title to a share of it , but by some inexplicable deficiency , in what may be called the division of legislation , aU have / ailed to put you in possession of your admitted rights .

      If then , as no man can deny , that the genius or industry ot our people have given rise to a vast accumulation of national wealth , and if the principle of professing philanthropists be true , that you are pre-eminently entitled to your share of this new-born wealth , I can characterise this assembly no otherwise than as the new-born genius of England , righteously , peaceably , boldly , and honestly , looking for its share of property that itself creates —( loud applause)—while your willingness to admit your social claims to be arbitrated upon by others , must convince even your traducers that your demands are so just , that you are indifferent as to the character of the tribunal to whose judgment they shall be submitted .

      Gentlemen , if you see safety , prudence and success in the course that I have pointed out , as I never recommend - what I am not prepared to attempt , and believing your cause to ho just , your motives honourable , and your objects desirable , I shall hold myself in increased estimation if I can be instrumental either within or without the walls of parliament in advancing your interests . ( Continued cheering . ) gentlemen , however the self-satisfied or the expectant may ridicule this your peaceful endeavour to achieve your right , I feel fully impressed with

      the importance of the working hand , and as fully resolved upon persevering with you , until we test the value of English unions , English organisation , English justice , and Englishmen ' s bravery . ( Cheers . ) Gentlemen , our councils must bo bo pure that we may defy the espionage of the Home Secretary , as well as the legal lash of the Attorney-General ; what my judgment prompts me to advise , my heart will encourage me to support , while the justice of your cause and the strength by which it is backed , will preclude the necessity of other than perfectly peaceful , mild , and constitutional means for its achievement .

      Gentlemen , if out of this first important experiment in the right direction , should arise an annual representation of the industrious people of England , and you deem it necessary to manifest the outward and visible sign of your greatness and power , ass your several opponents have done by the erection of club houses as places of resort—and as a means of multiplying and concentrating your resources , I shall be most happy to assist in any way that can tend to the furtherance of that , or any other object

      promotive of tho national cause . Gentlemen—Feeling pride as an Englishman and honour as a man , in the situation to which your confidence has this day called me , and rejoicing exceedingly that my humble exertions in your behalf should entitle me to your esteem . 1 shall now conclude the remarks which I have deemed it my duty to offer , and shall open what I proudly call " Labour's Parliament , " by inviting those delegates who have anything to urge to proceed to business , trusting that your deliberations may prove beneficial to yourselves , and satisfactory to the countsy .

      Monies Received Fob Ihk Week Esdino Thur...

      MONIES RECEIVED Fob ihk Week Esdino Thursday , September 18 tu , 1851 . THE HOIETtYTUID . RECEIVED BV W . SIMS . £ 8 . d . From a few Reds , D . dston , Cumberland , per . Melitus .. .. .. .. .. 0 3 3 A Democrat , Chepstow .. ,, .. 0 0 6 £ 0 ~ 3 ~ 9 NATIONAL CHARTER FUND . Received by Jons Arnott J . Camaron , Manchester 7 d -Hingley , K > ' J . Wi'dlls lOd—Victoria-park Locality , per II . T . HoljoaVe 4 s 7 d—Ipswicb , per G . GiWos ' 2 s-Bristol , per W . Shehan Gs-G ' onsleton , per T . Pickford 6 s 2 d—11 . Bowles . Walworth , per C . Snuggs Is . —Total £ 112 s 2 d .

      Providential, Escape. — Query. ~ Naples,...

      Providential , Escape . — Query . ~ Naples , Sept . 4 . —His Neapolitan Majesty very ] narrowly escaped death on Saturday last . The ] King was driving some members of tho Royal family in tho vicinity of the Casorta Hailway , ' and was about to cross the line , not observing a train was rapidly advancing . A countryman rushed forward and held tlio horses' heads , to the groat consternation of his Majesty , who not perceiving the danger , imagined a hostile intention on the part of the man who wi \ 8 in fact saving his life .

      Providential, Escape. — Query. ~ Naples,...

      THE LATE POISONINGS AT : WRIN . GT . ON , .. . _ -Bristol . —The adjourned inquest aa to tho cause of the death of the unfortunate womenbaran Ann Roberts and Caroline Birch , was held on Thursday , at theRedLion , Wrington , by Mr . R . Tjpjri ^ coroner . The first witnesscalled wa 8 Elizabeth Ridlor , who deposed—I am a widow , living at Wrington . Thedeceased Sarah Ann Roberts , is my daughter . She was a widow . On Friday the 5 th inst ., I saw her between halt-past seven and eight o ' clock in the yard at the back of my house , She complained to me that she had been sick : this

      was in the evening . I said , " Sick , Sarah ? " and she said "Yes , but I am better . " She was very commonl y sick , and therefore I did , not think much of it . She went away , and I was called afterwards to go to her a littlebefore eleven o ' clock . She was then at my son ' s house . I found her YWJ fi'c & an ^ ® ' ^ asked her if she had been given anything to take , and thoy said she had had some gin . I sent to Mr . Chadwick , who ordered his dispenser to , uttendj which he did . with a mixture —a spoonful to be taken at a time . Mr . Chadwick saw her at seven the next morning * He sent her medicine , and fetched Mr . Coates to her . I

      knew she was in the family way . The deceased told me she had taken something to procure abortion . I first knew deceased was in the family way six weeks ago , and she was then six weeks gone . A month a # o my daughter-inlaw found some herbs in . the pocket of the deceased which smelt very nasty . The de * ceased said it was a shrub that , if a woman took , she would miscarry . She said she got it from a lady ' s garden , and that Fanny Marsh told her of it . After she gathered the herb she took it to Fanny Marsh to ask her if it was the right thing , and she said it was . She said John Benn had promised her marriage . He had cohabited with her . Deceased said she had boiled the herb in a

      saucepan . After the examination of other witnesses , the jury returned , a verdict of felo de se .

      Tue Sardinian Workmen. The Following Add...

      TUE SARDINIAN WORKMEN . The following address has been presented by the Sardinian workmen now visiting the Exhibition : — " TO THE BSGL 1 SH SOCIETY OF THB TIUENDS OP lliVX

      IN lounoN . " The Italian workmen who have como from the Sardinian States to admire the cosmopolitan industry exhibited in the magnificent Crystal Palace , erected by British genius for so noble a purpose , believe that they would neglect a sacred duty of gratitude if they quitted the shores of the Thames without addressing their warmest thanks to you , tho friends of their unhappy country , oppresed by the stranger . " We , who , thanks to our statute , enjoy the advantage of free institutions , aro yet but divided by the Ticino from those brethren the cry of whose long martyrdom is first addressed : to us . May thi

      great British nation he impressed by you in favour of the unhappy Peninsula , so that in the approaching struggle of the peopleshemay me with the powerful support of British influence . May the blessing of that God rest upon you who has marked out with His almighty finger the boundaries of our nationality . That nationality , opposed to foreign invasion , and by him who impiously and tyrannically arrogates to himself f he right of representing the God who is the father of the peoples on earth , will arise more rapidly if it meet the sympathy ol free nations , and more especially of yours . ¦ " The Itaiian Workmen op the Sardinian State * " Sept . 8 , " in London .

      The Sardinian Workmen Arrived In Manches...

      The Sardinian workmen arrived in Manchester to the number of forty-nine , on Sun- ' day evening . * They had letters of introduction to the mayor and authorities , and have been treated with a good deal of consideration . On Monday two officers of the civil force were deputed to conduct them to some of the principal workshops . In the evening a party of them dined with the mayor . Two addresses were presented to the mayor on Monday at the Town Hall , one in English , by Chevalier Lencisa , the other in French , by Chevalier Scappini . The mayor briefly acknowledged the double compliment in French . Afterwards , accompanied by the mayor , they walked

      through the Exchange , viewed the exterior of the Cathedral , went through the warehouse of Messrs . Potters and Noma , and a small party also inspected Mr . Joynson ' s silk mill , Confession of Murder . —A few days since a private soldier of the 40 tli Regiment , at present stationed in Cork Barracks , made a confession to one of ( he persons employed in the military prison , to the effect that he had committed a murder in England ten years since . A private investigation took place on the 16 th inst ., at the police office , before Mr . Sugrue , when the soldier made the following statement : —In the July of 1841 he was

      walking in a place called Ash , in Kent , when he met a young woman , named Betsy Court , whom he suspected of having some money . He demanded the money , which she refused to give ; an altercation took place , and the result was that he dragged her into a field and murdered her with a razor . He hid the body in a cornt field , and the growing corn concealed it from view until tbe harvest , when it was discovered by the persons engaged in reaping . The soldier , whose name is Frederick Kent , and who is an Englishman , was upon hi ? confession transmitted to the county gaol , where he remains to await the result of inquiries into the truth of his confession .

      Redemption Socibtt . — The rules for management of a Co-operative Store , in connexion with the Society , are now prepared , and will be brought before a special meeting of the members on Wednesday evening , September 24 th . when it is hoped that they will be adopted , and immediate steps taken to carry out the schemes . Monies received for the week : — Leeds , £ 1 ls . ls . ; Newcastle , per Mr . Johnson , £ 1 Is . 2 d . —Building Fund : Leeds , 0 s . ; Newcastle , 3 s . 0 d . —Propagandist Fund , 2 s . 2 d . —James Henderson , Secretary , 162 , Briggate , Leeds . j tub of

      Oharob 0 ^ Fraud upon Koial Bank Ireland . —On Tuesday Constable Bronnan , of the detective force , brought to the College-street Police-office , Dublin , in custody , Benjamin Henry Percy Grierson , . of York-street , Kingstown , whom he had arrested at Giasthule on the previous evening , on a warrant charging him with embezzling and feloniously converting to bis own use an English Post Bill for £ 150 , which had been entrusted to him on tho 13 th of May last , in bis capacity of clerk in the Royal Bank of Ireland , Foster-place . The prisoner was remanded . the 12 th instant

      Blqomkrism in Picadilly , —On a further attempt was made to familiarise the inhabitants of London with the appearance of the new female costume lately introduced in America . Two young ladies , with two companions who might have been their mothers , alighted from a cab in the peculiar dress so often described of late , and , proceeding towards t he entrance of the Green Park , distributed in their way handbills containing a spirited exhortation to the women of England to throw off' the yoke of their unfeeling and brutal oppressors , and adopt an attire better suited to the dignity of the equal of man . . In a short time the pressure of the crowd became so great , thatthe missionaries found it convenient to call a cab , which they entere d amid much laughter , mingled with cheering . .

      _ _ , LODOItfG-nOVSES FOR THE LaDOOIKG CLASSES , —AD act was passed in the late session , which can now be put into operation , to encourage tho establishment of lodging-houses for the labouring classes . There are fifty-three sections in the act , which is not to extend to Scotland , and a schedule of byelaws for tbe regulation of tho lodging-houses . It is declared by the preamble to be desirable for the health , comfort , and welfare of the inhabitants of townsjand populous districts to encourage the establishment therein of well ordere d lodging-houses for the labouring classes . The act may be incorporated for any incorporated borough under the Municipal Act to adopt the present statute , or for

      any local board of health , or for any parish , in Eugland with a population of not less than 10 , 000 , or being a pirish in any such idcorporated borough with a . like population , with the approval of the Home Secretary to put tho act in force . Funds may be raised by councils and parishes to meet the expenses . A vestry meeting , on a requisition of ten rate-payers , may be called to decide whether the Act shall be adopted . Commissioners are to enforce the same , and monies arising from lodging-houses are to be applied towards defraying the expenses . When lodging-houses under the Act are considered too expensive they may be sol d . The other Provisions are of a general character , to regulate the proceedings

      . _ . ;„ mafein „ uk sntsrasAS * ** " ~* of England .

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Sept. 20, 1851, page 5, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_20091851/page/5/