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nECEtfBEB 19,1846. THE NORTHERN STAR. 3
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Enlarging BucKixonAM Palacb.—On Saturday...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Necetfbeb 19,1846. The Northern Star. 3
nECEtfBEB 19 , 1846 . THE NORTHERN STAR . 3
# ^R Fetmag Jlflaniu
# ^ r fetmag Jlflaniu
"^Weanother Number The Norihtm&Ar See* S...
" ^ weanother number the Norihtm & ar see * si . Hcht of day . &**¦ annweisaiy will hate returaed i ^ ih in nearly every land called Christian , a ra-*^ ea as toe ' chief of holy-days and holidays , the ^ ning festival of the year— Christmas . It behoves 810 therefore , to offer to our readers and friends our ^ * t the time we write we have demonstrative proof A . ^ ps of our fingers that Winter has began his *' «! in earnest : we might > ay like «' Ernest , " only At there is d ' -fference between our chilly monarch A the autocratic ape of Hanover , that whereas the fUgt banished the "Grimms" the former—bad r a tohim—bringsgrww of all kinds , grim cold , grim lfenn , fltism , erim looking noses , and all ^ 4 . the thousand it ' s that flesh is heir to " t this erim season . We have one advantage , how-8 ver oar Hanoverian friends , we may abase the ** - ' ;„ £ monarch—Winter—as much as we p lease , ^ kx no fear of the censorship , and no police ape of an Siocrats ape to say ns " nay . "
But it is not our intention to quarrel with Winter , rn- quarrel is not with nature in any one of her manifestations ' , but with those of mortal mould who , for their fellow-creatures , sharpen the edge of natural ( lis , and rob them of those enjoyments which the com mon parent bountifully affords for alL Winter has its beaoties as well as other seasons . 4 the poets who have suns of the vernal delights of covin ? , theVosy joys of summer , and the luxuriant beauties of autnmn , have not withheld their tribute to winter . The fair poetess from whose writings we are about to quote , though not belonging to the list of Eng land ' s worthies , is of our kindred , a daughter of the mighty nation which speaks the language of Shake speare on the Western side of the Atlantic . How beautifully she
describes—THE SNOW-STORU . 'prom Semtt i * Jiff JbttM Land , by Sir * . X . H . Shjouxney 1 Boston . ] How quietly the snow comes down . When all are fast asleep , And pl « y « * thousand fairy pranks O ' er vale and mountain ttecp . How cunningly it finds iu way To ever ? cranny small , And creeps throug h even the slightest ehimk . Iu window or in waU . To every noteless hill it brings A fairer , purer crest Than the rich ermine robe that Jacks
The haughtiest monarch ' s breast . To every reaching spray it gives Whate'er its hand can hold—A beauteous thing tbe mow it To all , both young and old . The waking day . through curtaining haw , Looks forth , with sore surprise . To view what changes have been wrought Since last she shut her eyes ; And apltasant thing it is to ste The cottage children peep From out the drift , that to their saves Prolongs its rampart deep . The patient farmer searches His buried lambs to find , And Sg his silly poultry out , "Who clamour in tbe wind : How sturdily he cats bis way ,
Though wild blasts beat Mm bach , And caters for his waiting herd Who shiver round the staclc Bight welcome are those feathery flakes To the ruddy urchin ' s eye , As down the long smooth hill they coast , With shoot and revelry ; Or when the moonlight , clear and cold , Calls ont their throng to play—Oh 2 a merry gift the snow is Pora Christmas holiday . The city miss , who , wrapt in for . Is lifted to the sleigh , And borne so daintily to school Along the crowded way . Feels not within her pallid cheek The rich blood -mantling warm . Like her who , laughing , shakes the snow Prom powdered trees and form .
A tasteful hand the snow bath—For on the storied pane I saw its Alpine landscapes traced With arch and sculptured fane . Where high o ' er hoary-headed cliffs The dizzy Simplon wound . And old cathedrals reared their towers With Gothic tracery bound . I think it hath a tender heart , For I marked it while it crept To spread a sheltering mantle where The infant blossom slept . It 4 ofh to Earth a deed of love-Though in a wintry way ; And her turf-grown will be greener For the snow that ' s fallen to-day .
Beautiful ; hut alas the brightness of the poetis dunned by the touch of the oppressor- The snowstorm filling the poet's soul with holy rapture , strikes chill death to the heart ef the miserable pauper , and the wretched outcast . At this very time , famine and disease are stalking through the sister island , hewing down their miserable victims , and they need bnt the aid which winter will afford , to swell the Hnifa to tens , and the tens to hundreds . Worse still , if we are to judge by the portentous arming of the peasantry now so general , we may infer that famine and disease are but the heralds of anarchy . Wild tows are sworn , and , seemingly , wild deeds are being prepared for : " Better are ihey who die by the sword , than they who perish by hunger , " seems to be
the conclusion to which the Irish peasantry are rapidly tending , despite the false and cowardly eant of their " moral-force" Mobamta . Equal suffering , thoush afflicting a less numerous race , pervades the Highlands and Islands of Scotland , where cruel landlords have reduced a faithful and gallant people to the condition of serfs and paupers . The Irish landlords have at least this ruffian ' s excuse , that they have sprung from robber-hordes who won their own (?) by " conquest , " But a blacker infamy attaches to the Highland landlords . Their fathers ever found in their clansmen the devoted defenders of their greatness , and no reverse of fortune could ever tempt the Highlander to wave his fealty to his chief . Behold in the present state of the Highland population , the gratitude of aristocracy !
"Yemen , who shed your blood for lords like water , "ffhathave they given your children in return S " Behold the answer in the wail of misery which strikes anguieh . to the hearts of all but the " natural protectors" of the children " * f Culloden ' s martyrs . We are aware that some of the greedy miscreants who were anion * 'he first to signalise themselves in the unholy warfare against the Highland people , were English aristocrats to whom had fallen the titles and power of Highland chiefs ; but now there is » o difference between the Gaelic landlord and his Southern-born neighbour . The day of retribution is Dot yet . bat vet will be .
„ But misery is not confined to Ireland and Scotland ; in this bea « ted England the agricultural labourers are dying like rotten sheep of disease , caused by hanger and cold ; and this too at the very time that appopletic oxen and fat-stifled pigs are being exhibited in Smitbneld , to prove the claims of their royal and aristocratic breeders to the country ' s admiration . " Oh shame where is thy blush ? " If " Go j made the country and man made the town , " nan is rapidly marring God ' s work , as he long since Barred his own . In towns the misery more concentrated is morelstriking and appalling . The sights * nd sounds which at every turn in this " great wen Sleet ns peal trumitet-tongued
THE COMPLAINTS OF THE POOR . TBI JtOBEBT SODTMJ . J And wherefore do the poor complain ! The rich man ask'd of me;—Come walk abroad with me , I said . And I will answer thee . 'Iwas evening , and the frozen street ! Were cheerless to behold , And we were wrapt and eoated well , And yet we were a-cold . We met an old bare-headed man , His locks were thin and white , I ask'd him what he did abroad In that cold winter ' s night ;
Z The cold was keen indeed , he said , Bat at home no fire had he , And therefore he had come abroad . To ask for charity . We met a young bare-footed child . And she beirg M Iou < J an < i ^ 0 , < 1 » I ask'd her what she did abroad When the wind it blew so cold ; She said hsr father was at home , Andhelayaicka-bed , And thwsforo was it sho was sent Abroad to beg for bread . We saw a woman sitting down Upon a stone to rest , She had a baby at her back And another at her breast : I ask'd htr why she IoitcrM there
Whra the night-wind was so chill ; She tnru'd her head and bade the cbUd That scream'd behind , he still ; Then told OS that her husband served A soldier , far away , And therefore to her parish she Was legging back her way . We nut a girl , ker dress was loose Au'l sunken was her eye , I' - J'o nith a wanton ' s hollow r « ice Address'd the passers-by : i ask ' u Lit what there was in guilt hat euold Iier heart allure To shame , disease , and late remorse ; ^& e answer * d she was poor .
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X turn'd me to the rich man than , - ' For silently stood he , — " You ask'd me wh y the poor complain , And these have answerM thee ! We have no veneration for the name oi Robert Southey , of whom may be truly said what has been falsely said of Byron , —he was " a traitor to his own genius ; nevertheless it must be admitted that the above simple lines , written in his early days , do forcibly and truly describe the miseries of thousands in this land . We believe the above lines were written 80 far back as the year 1798 , ( long before Southey had " turned his coat , and would have turned his skin" ) , yet , they but too faithfully picture portions of the every day street-life of the present time . The
recent death of Louisa Mordaunt occasioned according to the verdict of the jury by " want of the common necessaries of life , is but a sample ef the fate of a multitude of our fellow creatures . Almost daily the journals contain reports of inquests Upon unhappy beings starved to death ; and we are sure that the names of the victims thus brought before the public , are but a small minority of those who die , " and make no sign . " Again , witness the multitude of mendicants thronging the streets who vegetate , not live , and die by inches . The case of William Cotton , one of the heroes of " Meanee , " and " Hyderabad , " who , a few days ago , was taken op for the crime of "begging" has excited much interest He . bore a medal on his breast , and was exposing the frightful gashes he had received in battle
with the view of obtaining charitable aid ! The caao is a monstrous example of the working of the present system , but it stands not alone . The soldiers of our industrial armies are thousands of them similarly situated . True , they have no medal to attest their works , they have no badges , but those of the union fforkhouses , but they have their " gashes ;"—their horny hands , farrowed brows , bended backs , sore limbs , empty stomachs , diseased frames and aching hearts expose the wounds they have received in the deathsirnegleofioil and privation , labour and destitution . "Theworld is not their friend , nor the world's law , " therefore , O reader , whatever is in thy power to do for these unhappy ones , do it . Give thine aid in the spirit sat forth in the following lines : —
A SIGH FOR THE POOR . [ By Lewis M . Thomtos , Agard-street , Derby . ] A sigh for the poor without ' shel rfri enuI i Expos'd to tbe blast and the storm , A hand ever ready to ease their distress . And a heart that with pity beats warm . Oh 2 why is our lot not as abject as theirs i ( Do . we differ one jot in the mould ! j And why have roe kindrsd and riches and health t And why are we screen'd from tbe cold f Then a sigh for tho poor without shelttr or fritnds Expos'd to the blast and tbe storm , A hand evar ready to ease their distress , And a heart that with pity beats warm .
Oh JI loath the proud giver who boasts of bii boon , And plays with the coin he bestows , But-giveme the one , who is cheerful withal , Tho' a " mite" ' midst the silver he throws , True charity comes like the " Widow of old , " And not as the rich did I ween , The one came with sympathy shunlng all gazs , The other—alas to be leen , Then a sigh for the poor without shelter or frUnds , Expos'd to the blast and the storm , A hand ever ready to ease their distress , And a heart that with pity beats warm . But it is time we sounded a more cheerful note . Onr ' ' Garland" must not be wholly composed of gatherings from the cypress and the willow ; for if so , it would ill befit merry Christmas-tide . Here is a leaf of another sort gathered from the PuneA-tree , fit companion to the punch-bowl : —
CHRISTMAS IX THE STREETS . ( From Panto ' s Snapdragons for Christmas . ) Up from lacy hsarth-side and sHcnt { chamber ! Up and forth into the busy places of the City < Mark the softening influence of tbe merry time upon crowding , swarming men and women!—forth , and with Christmas in the heart ; And Christmas in the streets . Some people love best to walk in green lanes and country paths ; we prefer—and we don ' t care who knows it—the streets—those very kaledeiscopes of humanity , which , at every turn , and at every movement , give us new combinations of . forms , features , and expressions . A little too noisy they may sometimes be—a little too dirty—a little too smoky ; but never nnamusing—nerer uninstructive—never monotonous ; always , too , presenting you with something to think about , or something to keep you from thinking—two great advantages to be used at pleasure .
But great is Christmas time in the streets , above all other times . Never are they so lively—so bustling—so follof feature , as at that great annual epoch of pantomimes and mincepies . For the spirit of the festival does not alone stamp men ' s brows in evening merry-makings and fire-side sports . In tbe thoroughfare , as well as in the chamber , you see the traces of his might , making men of business lo ikies * business-like , m « n of pleasure mere cordial , patting additional warmth into every greeting , additional heartiness into every squeeze of the hand . But let m firth , and judge for onrselw .
A fine Christmas day ; cold and bracing . Ths sky is grey and fleecy , except where , here and there , broad bright paths of ruddy light cross the firmament , like veins of gold . The afternoon is decidedly frosty ; horses smoke like plum-pudding whsn the cover is removed ; and the visible breaths of passengers give them the appearance of being aU engaged in smoking invisible pipes . _ Everthing and everbody look more good humoured than usual . Even policemen are relenting ; and bsadles remembering tbe time when they were little boys , in muffin caps—the only shape in which they ever had any thing to do with muffins—smile affably , and condescend to ask young yellow-breeches whether he don't like roast goose and apple sauce . Ladies cloaked and furred to the point of their noses—noses , too , endowed by the cold with a slight suspicion of red ; and gentlemen , shapeless , in sea-coats and Taglionis , go hurrying by , sometimes stopping toshake hands with people * that , at any other season , they would only have bowed to . *
A party of children , with papa and mamma . Home for the holidays . What an infinity of toys ! Whips , guns , wooden horses , squeaking dogs incessantly kept on the bark . Why the Lowther-arcade must have been emptied by tbe visit of that household . The pantomime in tbe evening , too ; but . before that , great doings ; roasc geese and boiled turkeys ; mince pies , plum-pudding ; what a glorious ] vista , and all closed by the music and lights of the theatre . Glance along the street : —great is the glory of shops devoted to the sale of Christmas cheer , admiring the groups who cluster ground their windows . Holly , too .
and evergreens and misletoe , wreathed upon the walls , overshadowing the dainties , embowering quarters of oxen , and the trussed-ap forms of fatted ducks and geese . The evergreen plants are vegetable—Nature ' s Christmas gifts—hale and sturdy shoots , with sound hearts , « nd good constitutions . None of tbe pampered aristocracy of plants are they , fostered in thermometer-regulated hothouses , whilst their leas-favoured brethren are drooping on the frosty ground , cut through by the . nipping cold as by a knife . No ; they are of the stout-hearted commonalty , laughing iu the teeth of Johnny Frost , caring neither for snow or ice , fresh and green through it all !
And here they are , plucked from copse and gardenwreaths for the Christmas King ; triumphal arches for his advent ! Seehow people throng admiring !/ round that butcher ' s shop . There ' s beef—there's mutton ! A proud ox he ought to be who furnished forth that sirloin . How jolliiy it will smoke , amid its smaller compeers , on the Christmas table : —a right down English dish . Talk of sirloins and barons of beef ; they should be promoted in the aristocracy ; the " sir' * made a "baron , " and the baron a dike . Baron , loin and duke of beef ! How the jolly butcher , too , is cutting , —hacking away , till his face is as red as the lean of his meat . Many a Christmas dinner is he dispensing , lightening his labour with admiring criticism on the fare .
" Never was sich a ox kUled ma'am , as this here !" And he removes the bunch of evergreens , which appeared to grow out of it—like the shady vine on the hind quarters of Baron Munchausen ' s horse , and critically displays the fat , so white , and the lean , so ruddy . How the people buy ; and with less hugging and chaffering than usual ; for who would wrangla and get angry , about a half-penny in the pound , at Christmas time 1 And then the geese , and the turkeys : long rows of white victims , looking , if possible , fatter and plumper than the remains of their quadruped brethren of the farm .
Batchers'and pomlterers' shops are great places in Christmas time ; but it is ia tba markets that their displays are most lavish . They ars tho very penetralia of the ' temples sacred to Christmas fare . There the meat looks bigger and fatter than sver , as if tbe world had turned antediluvian , and steaks of mammoth and megatherion w < re commonly sold Ar beef and mutton . And there , also , throng ing amid stalls , and through narrow passage , hum and cluster the admiring , enticing , buying , joking , laughing crowd . A confectioner ' s shop , too , is a thing tobelooked at . That cake is quite imag inative . The ravmes of coloured su-ar arc beautifully p icturesque ; the temple upon the rock is of a peculiar cnler of architecture ; not Corinthian , but rather Twelf th-Nightian ; ond if the scarlet and gold men and women are half the size of the mountain , and decidedly taller thanihe temple , we ought to admire that fine imaginative genius , winch burst the bon-is of nature , and quite remodels aud reforms tbe
retrospective sizes of men and mountains . The « indow 3 of printscllcr ' s shops nr--, also , pleasant to heboid . What an infinity of gay prints of Christmas dinners ! What satire in interlarding thwn with correct portrait ' s . f prize oxen ! And then , what a burst of si . icdid bmdiiiss , and engraving , and satin paper , catches the eye ! B . * ol « for Christmas presents ; the whole tribu <•! tl'S annals ; the littery bntterfltes cf vintr in all their taking garments of crimson , and scar-J * r a " nd"oM . Nature puts forth her fluttcring-veined leave * insuring , aod while she seems sleeping , > an puts
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forth his flutteriug-letiersd Ieaues in winter . Each have thsir beauties , each teach thsir lesionsr . ¦ « : ¦ ¦ * ¦ ? . ¦ ... Evening is coming on . Blinds are drawn down sooner than usual , because everybody is anxious to begin tho pleasant snug time of candlelight . Gas flares furiously in open shops and markets , bursting forth in small voleano 9 , as if it was determined to cook the dainties which still remain unpurchased , even should there be no customer to eat them . Omnibuses going to the suburbs , where snug cottages and villas abound , are perfectly loaded with the Invited to dinner parties ; and on the roofs are deposited stores from the fruiterers or tho fishmongers ; parcels of apples aud nuts and barrels of oysters .
And now there comes , as the darkness gradually closes , pleasantly stealing upon the nose a sense of the flavour of the roasted goose . It increases—it becomes pslpable—thare can be no mistake about it . Forth from every third chimney-pot comes the smoke of a Christmas dinner , and the flavour of the fare , until all London is pervaded with one subtle smell of roast goose . Sea how people sniff it , and nod knowingly . They re . cognise the odour—sweeter than sabacan spicOj myrrhthe incense of the Christmas worship ! And with the incense the chant of the festive rites- « - tbe carol—the old well-remembered traditionary Christmas carol . Hark ! it is pealing from children's ringing VOlCei , sounding shrilly over the low roar of the moving city ; speaking of mirth and friendly greetings , and good wishes between man and man .
Song of the season < Swell joyously out—mingle w « tn the chiming b » lls—tell the world that Chriitraas is a Messed time—speak to it in the rude but simple and touching words , that our fathers sung all gleefully ages ago ! There is a charm in the old jingls—power in the old melody—generation after generation hare heard it and sung it . May many yet chant it , for its words are words of kindness and well-wishing , and its musio a speaking train of simple harmony ! Such a glorious panorama of the sights out of doors cannot fail to whet our appetites for a heartier relish and keener enjoyment of the delights within doors ; putting us in fitting humour to appreciate A LYRIC FOR CHRISTMAS .
[ srw . « . j . BASKta . ] Winter has resum'd hi * reign ,. Snow envelopes hill and plain ; Sleep tbe summer flowers in mlb , And the birds refrain from mirth , Yet mirth lightens every eye , Every pulse is beating high . Gladness smiles in cot and ball , Like a winsome dame , on all ; And the church-bells sweetly chime'Tis the merry Christmas time . '
From the holly tree he brought Bought with ruby berries fraught-Search the grey oak high and low For thi my * tic miiletoe—Bid the ivy loose her rings That round rock and ruin clings—Deck the shrine with foliage green , Ts each house be verdure tern-Just as earth were in her primelis the cheerful Christmas time . Pile the board with viands rare , Savoary dishes—hearty fare ;
* Brawn of boar , and capoa good , Fowls from river , marsh , and wood ; Partridg" plump , and pheasant wild-Teal and duck by art beguiled ; Bid the huge sirloin smoke nigh—Luscious pasty , fruit stared pie ; Fruit that grew in Eastern climo—Tis the festal Christmas time . Quietly bvAach the oldest ca « k , Bring the gobl « t , bring the flask-Ale of England , wine from Spain , Rhenish vintage , choice champagne ; Fill as wont the wassail bowl , Let it round the circle trowl , Whilst the yule-fire biases bright , Whilst the yule-torch lends its light , Till we hear the morning chime'Tis the joyful Christmas time .
Feed the hungry , cloth the poor , Chide no wanderer from the door—Bounteous give with thankful mind To the wretched of mankind , This day throws the harrier down ? Twixt the noble and the clown , For an equal share have all In its blessed festival ; Of each colour , class , and clime ; 'Tis the holy Christmas time . As our fathers used of old
Still the solemn rites we hold , And with season-hallowed mirth Celebrate our Saviour ' s birth . Cbaunt those ancient carols well That the wondrous story tell ; Call the jocund masquers in , Bid the dancers' sport begin ; Blameless tale and cheerful song Shall onr merriment prolong , Whilst around the church-bells chime—For the solemn Christmas time .
Our readers are acquainted to a small extent with the poems of thegreat German poet , FerdinandFreilii rath ; several of his beautiful productions , collected from various publications , having at different times appeared in our columns . Our reader , will rejoice to learn that this noble of nature is now in England , where he is likely to remain , having sought and found in this country a refuge from the persecution waged against him hy the false , cowardly , and cruel tyrant of Prussia , Our readers will find a lengthy account of the poet from the pen of William Hewitt , in thePeopfeWouniaZ of December 12 th . When the next part of the Journal comes under our police , we shall try to find room for some extracts from Mr . Howitt ' s article . We have for some time past had ' by ns a translation of one of Freiligrath ] s productions , which first met our eyes in the Dublin University Magasine ; it is appropriate to the present occasion , « nd will be received by our readers with " three times three , and one cheer more" : —
ST . NICHOLAS . A SOSG FOR fJ & OWN-CP CalLOSEK . Br FEBPiNANO FftEILIGBATH . Christmas is the time of times , Bear alike to High and Humbler ; Even the wretch who writes and rhymes Then may fill his purple tumbler . But , while hailing Christmas day * , And their holly , wine , and stories , Give we , too , Saint Nicholas ' praise ! Sing we , too , Tsar Nicholas ' glories J Nicholas nurtures pride and wrath-Two sad sins—but never mind them ! Coursers four and four he hath , And a erand gold sledge behind them ! In his palaces in the North , ( Legion-palaces—he would build Wren * Out of all conceit of worth ) Dwells he with his duteous children .
There he showers bis boons on those Who best laud him in some new hymn ; Bonbons , ribbons , fine gay clothes , Gives he all who court and sue him . Those who don't he soon makes feel What a Tsar is in a passion—Bis sharp , savage , slashing steel Cuts them up , reviewer-fashion ! With his capitals ( taking care Uot to omit the Greek EKKAHZIA ) And his countries everywhere , From Silesia to—Magnesia , ( Though of tftat Circassia won't Lsave him what might dose a sick lass ) What a warlike , Thor-like front Shows he to the world , this Nich'iasl To ( and lately o ' er ) the JWes
Rules he with supreme dominion ; Wond ' rous in his enre of" souls , " t Hice his care to gauge opinion ! Stay !—« rrafto»—read for that , ' Nice his care to gag and pinion 'Nicholas , mind you , stand * no chat From bis dearest , nearest minion ! Therefore , 01 young Muscovy , Bide as meek and mute as may be , And at all you chance to see Wink just like adrowsy baby ! Shun the sea of Politics , With its perilous shoals and shallows Better bear afew hard kicks
Than ran tilt against the gallows I Be a good boy , and play no tricks ; By and bye your Fa will kindl y Mix his kicks with sugar-sticks If you now obey him blindl y . Serve him with a smilirg f . ice , Praise bis pranks however cruel ; If yon do you'll gain his grace It you don't you'll get y < wjr gruel ! For my own part , should—for who , Knows what changes Fate is working !—Should , I say , Germania too Some fine day see Nicholas her king , All I beg is , when the event Comes to pass , that he'll remember How much ink and time I ' ve spent In his praise this sixth December ! Christmas—yes ! ' tis dear to all
Kings and coolers , men aud fanes ; Then while snows and poultry fall , Hrarts rise high as Hedged canaries . But , while bailing Christmas days , And their holly , wine , and stories , Give we , too , Saint Nicholas praise Sinj ; n-e , too , Tsar Nichol'is' glory ! Thin is not a time for cursing , and therefore , be sure , if at the moment of festal mirth we forget to smile , and instead of blessings our tongue utters male-
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dictions , be sure that our enemy is no ordinary miscreant , our hatred more than of the common stamp . A curse then for the Tsar , both "loud and deep . " But a tear also for Poland—more than a tear , a row to right her wrongs . We have seen how the poet hurls contempt and scorn at the tyrant '; , turn we " now to another poet , ( our American favourite , many of whose poems have already appeared in this journal ) , who in "thoughts that breathe and words that burn , " thu * proclaims the glorious mission of
THE REFORMER . BI J . 0 . WUtTTlBB . All grim and soiled and brown with tan , I saw a Strong One in his wrath . Smiting the godless slirinas of man Along his path . The Church beneath her trembling dome Essayed in vain her ghostly charm ; Wealth shook within his gilded home With pule alarm . Fraud fiom his secret chamber fled . Before the sunlluht bursting in Sloth drew her pillow o ' er her head To drown the din . " Spare , " Art implored , " yon holy pile ;
That grand' old , time-worn turret gpara j " Meek Reverence , kneeling in the aisle , Cried out , '' Forbear !" Grey-henrded Use , who , deaf ana blind , Groped for bis old accustomed stone ; leaned on his stuff , and wept , to find His saat o ' erthrown . Romance raised up his dreary eyes , O ' erhung with paly look * of gold " Why smite , " he asked , in sad surprise "Thefalr , the old ?" Yet louder rang the Strong One ' s stroks , Tet nearer flushed his axla ' s gleam ; Shuddering and sick of heart I woke , As from a dream . I look'd : aside the dust-cloud rolled—The Waster seemed the Builder too ; Upspringiug from the ruined Old I saw tho New .
'Twas but tbe ruin of the bad—The wasting of the wrong and ill ; Whatc'er of good the old time had Was living still . Calm grew tht brows of him I feared ; The frown which awed me passed away , And left behind a smile which chsered Like breaking Bay . Green grew the grain on battle plains , O ' er swarded war . mounds grazed the cow ; The slave stood forging from bis chains The spade and plough . Where frowned the fort , pavilions gay And cottage windows , flower-entwined , Looked out upon the peaceful bay And hills behind . Through vine-wreathed cups with wine once red ,
The lights on brimming crystal fell , Brawn , sparkling , from the rirulst-hcad , And mossy well . Through prison walls , like Heavensent hops , Fresh breezes blew , and sunbeams strajsd ; And with the idle gallows-rope The young child played . Where the doomed victim in his call Had counted o ' er the weary hours , Glad schoolgirls , answering t * the bell , Came crowned with flowers . Grown wiser for the lessen given , I fear no longer , for I know That , where the share is deepest driven , The best fruits grow . Oh ! backward . Iooking son of time 1—The new is old , the old is new , The cycle of a change sublime Still sweeping through .
As idly as in that old day Thou meurnest , did thy sires repine , So , in his time , thy child , grown grey , Shall sigh for thine . Tet not the less for chem or thou The eternal step of progress beats To that great anthem , calm aid slow , Which God repeats ! Take heart !—the Waster builds again—A charmed life of goodness hath ; The tares may perish—but the grain la not for death . God works in all things ; all obey His first propulsion from the night ; Ho , wake and watch 1—the world is grey With morning light !
The above should be read over more than once to be fully appreciated ; more magnificent lines poet never penned . We must , however . except one stanza ; we have no objection to " crystal brimmers" filled from the " mossy well ; " still , at this season of the year , we must protest against the suggested banishment of the " vlne-wreatlied cup , " which not abused is rightly used' Charles Mackay ' s philosophy is ours : — ' Little fools will drink too much , But great ones not at all . " For this week we must pause , wishing ; our friends and waders " A Merry Christinas . " If our Garland is partly of a sombre hue , of a like tint is the lot of too many ot that class for whom it is our mission to speaks Sorrow for the sufferingsof our fellowcreatures is not , however , inimical to that joy which the comforts of " our ain fireside , " and the company of friends and brethren must bring .
" The heart that is soonest awake to the flowers , Ia always the first to be touched by the thorns !" So says Tom Moore—not dead yet , long life to him ! and to all such hearts we give the hearty " was heel . ' " " So send round the bowl and be happy awhile ; May we never meet worse in our pilgrimage here ; Than the tear thai enjoyment can gild with a smile , And the smile that compassion can turn to a tear !'
* Sir Chrihtopher Wren, Probably. ?I T T...
* Sir Chrihtopher Wren , probably . ? i t The common tsrm is ussia for serfs ,
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Proving Himself a Fool . — One of the "Fellows of the Royal Society" has announced his intention of prosecuting the ediotr of the Athenmm , for saying he was ignorant . A New Roman Catholic Church , on a scale of great magnificence , is to be erected at Groom ' s Hill , Greenwich . The lords of the admiralty have graoted the sum of £ 200 towards the building fund , in consideration of the number of Roman Catholics who are inmates of the Royal Hospital at Greenwich . Goon . —The . Scot * Greys , stationed in Clonrae ) , have subscribed a day ' s pay for the relief oi' the distressed in that place .
Dkath of General Sm Martin Hunter . —This , the oklestofficer in tbe British army , expired on the 8 th instant at Anton ' s-hill , in the 90 th year of his age , and after a military service of 75 years . The Wellington Statue . —On Monday workmen commenced preparing footing for scaffold-poles in the open space west of the Horse Guards , for the purpose , it was stated , of thu erection of a pedestal for the Wellington statute , which , it is said , is to be taken down forthwith .
A True Pf . iest . —Last Sunday , a Perth minister , during his discourse to his flock , made an attack on our national poet Burns , by saying " that he did not hesitate to name him , and assert that he had sent more souls to hell during his life than all the ministers have been able to send to heaven since his death . " This statement gave offence to many of the more liberal and intelligent of his congregation—one of whom , on arriving at home , took Burns' Poems , and read to his wife and family , «« The Cottars' Saturday Night . "—Edinburgh Express ,
Roman Criminal Code . —Accordingto a letter from Rome , in tbe Augsburg Gazette of the 7 th , the new criminal code for the Papal-States ia in ao forward a state that it may be expected to appear at the commencement of 1847 . The portion respecting political offences is said to be exceedingly mild . Representation op Bath . —We have authority for stating that a letter was received on Friday from Lord Ashley , declining to become a candidate , at the next dissolution or vacancy , for this city . —Scene ' s Bath Journal . A Mother and Son Drowsed . —A few days ago , Mrs . Shillito , the wife of a captain of a vessel trading to York , was drowned along with her son , in the river Ouse , near Acnster , Malbis .
Dkath of tub Vauxhall Hermit . —A man , well knownabout London a * the Vauxhall hermit , expired in Guy s Hospital on Friday . His name was William Roekett , aged seventy-seven years . He had a most extraordinary appearance , always wearing an immense white beard and long white hair . He formerly exhibited himself at Vauxhall Gardens as the hermit , but latterl y he had been" in a state of groat privation , obtaining a livelihood by selling lucifer matches in the Borough , and sleeping in the low lodging-houses in the Mint .
Awful Fire . —Letters from Smyrna of the 27 th ult ., state that 8 G 0 houses had been destroyed by fire at Salonica on die 17 th ult ., by which calamity 1 , 500 families were reduced to indigence , Gu . v Cotton Accident . —The youngest son of Mr . Rowe , starch manufacturer , of Creditun , met with n severe accident a . few days since , while trying the effect of gun cotton in a double barrelled gun , both barrels of which burst at the same instant , shattering his hand very severely . Imposition of " Duties on Tea and Coffee by the United States . —It will be proposed lo Congress to establish a small dutj on tea and cuffoe , bv which 3 . 000 , 000 dolliirsinav beiviiiiaed . —New York Sun .
Illness of John ojiixcv Adams . —i'he venerable and talented cx-Prasideuc of the United State * , now in his 80 th year , has b ; en attacked by paralysis , but is measurably recovering ; and so great is the remaining vigour of that once iron constitution , that his physicians entertain hopes of his speedy restoration .
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W ^ nsw-r > r ***~— * . *>* wr >>^* ~ u _ •^ WVtaVt / tMMM / tMiyuw / iyul / tfMuUuu 1 Flunkies Read This . —No animal , except man , will consent to be servant , footman , waiter , or toady , to any of its own kind , and to wear a badge of itsdegradation . A Serious Consideration . —When Dr . Franklin ' s mother-in-law discovered that tho young man was becoming intimate with her daughter , the good old lady said she did not know so well about giving her daughter to a printer . There were already two printing offices in the United States , and she was not certain that the country would support them . It was plain young Franklin would be obliged to depend for the support of his family on the profits of a third , and this was rather a doubtful chance .
Elusion ' s Modesty . —At a dinner party the entire company complimented Elliston upon his assumption /)! ' Majesty in the Coronation . Sir Herbert Taylor sold " I can add something to the praise so judiciously bestowed , Mr . Eiliston ' s King is not only the most graceful and elegant performance I ever saw , but ft wonderful imitation of the manner of His Majesty Georpe the Fourth . " "Mydear Sir Herbert , " said Robert William , "George imitates me . " Lads and Lasses , —A Scotch peasant girl paid to her brother "she could na see just what it was that made him sang so o'ten and stay so late to see one lassie : for her part she had rather have the company of one lad than twenty lasses .
Lecture on Tiom-Lacino . — You are award , young ladies , that by means of light-lacing the waist of the female figure may be made to vie with * that of the wasp , and to resemble the form of an hour-glass , or the letter X ; , 'thus very much improving its appearance . You have seen , perhaps , the statue of the Venus de Medicia ; and you know what a fright of a figure it has , in consequence of the model from which it was taken ; evidently never having wern a corset . The rose , however , is never without the thorn ; the most agreeable evening party has its drawbacks . And so there are , unhappily , some unpleasant results
consequent on compression , at the expense of which a slender waist is purchased . The circulating fluid , from a disagreeable law of nature , is forced up into the head . The colour of the fluid is rosy , as you know . The delicate health attendant on tight-lacing forbids it to adorn the cheek , ond accordingly it is transferred to the nose ; which its tint does not adorn by any means . Within the circle of the waist are comprised certain plaguy vessels , whose freedom from pressure is unfortunately required . When they are subject to any obstruction , as they are by close lacing , there is a vexatious tendency in the ankles to swell ; and the worst is , that a tight shoe only renders the disfigurement the more
conspicuous . Young ladies have also some tiresome muscles , whose support is necessary to the spine . Their power is destroyed—what a pity this is ! by tight stays : and then back assumes a curvature . How grievous { that one cannot be at once slender and straight ! Comfort must also be sacrificed to elegance ; and the reduction of the waist occasions giddinesa and headache . This perhaps alone would be a trifle ; but lacing involves short life ; and as the contracted figure suggests a resemblance to . the hour-glass , tho hour-glass suggests a warning to the contracted figure . —Punch . Not able to do Everything . —An Oxford student
joined without invitation a party dining at an inn , after dining , he boasted so much of his abilities that one of the party said , " You have told us enough of what you can do , tell us something you cannot do . " ' Faith , " said he , "I cannot pay my share of the reckoning . " Puzzling . —Bed is a bundle of paradoxes ; we go to it with reluctance , yet we quit it with regret ; and we make up our minds every night to leave it early , but we makeup our bodies every morning to keep it late . Poetry Divine . — A young poet of Cleveland , Ohio , has fallen in love the second time . It may be that" true lovenever did run smooth , " but it can't be said of his poetry : — o wunet i luvd a nuther girl her name it was murrier but betsy deer my love for a is 46 times more higher .
" Brevity the Soul of Wit . "—A newspaper in Albama was bora in oneday , and died the next , ' If brevity is the soul of wit , " that paper had a very witty existence , A Tough Job for a Portrait Painter . — " Represent me , " said a gentleman to his artist , " with a book in my hand , and reading aloud . Paint my servant , also , in one corner , where he cannot be seen , but in such a manner that he may hear me when I call him . ' ' A Great Truth . —Lord Bacon beautifully said : — " If a man be gracious to strangats , it shows he is a citizen of the world , and that his heart is no island , cut off from othor lands , but a continent that joins them . "
Masculine and Feminine . —We notice the following d ' esprit in a number of tho Knickerbocker Magazine : — In England rivers all are males—For instance , Father Thiimcs ; ¦ Wh oever in Columbia sails . Finds them raa'dainselles or dames . Yet here the softer sex presides , Aquatic , I assure ye ! And j Jfrs . Sippy rolls her tides , Responsive to Miss Socai , " _ Dr . Johnson at Fault . —Dr . Johnson in his dictionary , defines a garret as " a room on the highest floor of the house ; " and a cock loft as " the room over the garret !" Substitute fob News . —In tho dearth of news of actual fighting , the New York Herald has been reduced to the necessity of heading one of the articles thus : " Another Tremendous Battle—expected !"
A Hit , —A widow once said to her daughter , " when you are of my age , you will be dreaming of a husband . " " Yes , mamma , " replied the girl , '' for a second time . " Burns and " Bonnie Juan . "—The first introduction was somewhat curious . Tho poat had attended a dance in Mauchline , accompanied by his dog in place of a fair partner , and , in reply to some remark , hesaid , " he wished he could get any of the lasses to like him as weel as his collie did . " A few days afterwards , when the poet was strolling down tbe banks of a burn which runs through a village , a lass . who was engaged in t ' . ie bleaching green inquired "if ho had got a more loving sweetheart than his dog yet . " This was Jean Armour , and this the first time of meeting betwixt the future husband and wife . —Dumfries Courier , THE PRIZE HG AND TAB PRIZE PEASANT .
( From Punch , ) I never pass a fat pig by , But off I take my hat , And " I ' m your servant , Sir , " says I : — What makes me act like that ? Why , because I ' ve been taught to behave as I ought , And know my own degree ; And I never neglect to pay proper respi cfc , When 'tis due from me . For forty years , as man and boy , I've drivrn my master's plough ; Was never out of his employ , And still urn in it now ; My children and my wife I have kept all my life From off the parish dear ; But merit like mine , to the worth of a swine , People think small beer .
True I ' ve not toil'd so long for nought ; I ' ve met with some reward : And so , perhaps , you'll say I ought , Or else it would be hard . A prize I received : —th . s good gentlefolks griev'd They couldn't give more to me ; Two pounds was the touch , —and a cow got as much ; But a fat hog , tares . So to a pig I make my bow , As manners do require , And touch my hat to boar and sow , With parson and with ' squire . Though a Christian am I , yet a pig in a Sty , My better ' s is , I see ; For the p g makes fine pork , and I ' m nearly past work ; And they can ' t eat me !
JONATHAN IN HIS GLORY . The Baltimore Sun contains some correspondence relative to the lato battle of Monterey , portions of which seem to have beon expressly written for quotation in our periodical . As for instance—the writer is speaking of the " Texan Rangers : " They wore eaeh armed with barrelled rifles , and , as may bo supposnd , did great execution among the copperskins . " Copper-skins ! Quite a sporting phrase . ! Who would think the skins wore those of human beings ? He then relates the following " incidents : — ° Colonel M'Cluny ol Mississippi , the great duellist , got upon the breastworks , waved his hat , and was in the act of giving three cheer * , when a ball struck him , from the effects of which he has since died . Universally regretted , of course , as tho " great duellist , " an honour to his country .
Samuel W . Chambers , one of the rangers , or * tbe Delaware hero , ' ns they call him , deliberately took aim with his ' ftre-ehooter , ' firing with great effect , mid crushing tbe Mexicans . But it is impossible for me to mention all the numerous incidents that occurred at the present time . Let us correct what must have been an erratum in tho preceding paragraph . For " numerous" read ' murderous • " such is the right designation of tinwhole affair ; and even Jonathan himself must admit " that ' s a fact . "—ZWA .
. Notice . —If the Wellington Statue , which was left on tho top of the triumphal arch in Piccadilly about two months ago , is not taken itwny by the 2 ht o \ this m nth , it will be sold to pay expenses . —Fundi .
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Enlarging Buckixonam Palacb.—On Saturday...
Enlarging BucKixonAM Palacb . —On Saturday the demolition of the ornamental colonnade forming the front of the south wing of Buckingham Palace was commenced , from which point the new wing begins . The excava- ions for both wings fronting St . James ' s Park are complete , and the foundations are already laid . I . jtTfEits to PnrssTA—Letters to and from Pinssia may he sent in future without the necessity of propayment of postage , —an a ? ent from the Berlin Post Office having returned to that capital IVora London , after concluding a postal convention to such , effect .
The Ham , of Death . —A trial is about to be at the cemi tery of Mont P & maese , Paris , for tho purpose of preventing premature interment . A salU des mart * is ^ to be established , in which all bodies arc to remain , under the eyes of a scientific cdov mishion , for t . wentv-Mx hour . s before they are . Juried . Vhi y Right . —The authorities of tho freeeUy of Fiankf ' ort-on-tlie-Maine have purchased largs quantities of corn in foreign countries , which they-sell to the bakers in th * t city at a reduced pvice . reserving to themselves the right to regulate the price o bread . ,,-,., ^ Thk Jesuits . —A journeyman blacksmith , from Wurtembnrg , employed at Lucerne , has bieii tried and condemned to banishment from the can Soil fsr ten years , and to pay the costs of his pro . 'ccuiif . ii , for having , while drinking at a public-house , cast reflections upon the Jesuits .
F < . xes . —Thebrtcd of foxes in Westraorebiid lfl said to he considerably on the increase . In Wither * slack , Kcntinirn , and the mountainous districts , they arc to bo seen daily , and many of the adjacent hi-n-roosts have suffered greatly from their depreda * tions . A Largb Pboibstant Chapel has been opened at Boulogne . Covknt GrAnnEN Tbeatre is about to be considerably enlarged . Soap was used by the Romans for dressing their hair , lone before it was made use of for waiting . Hrrrtutart Incurables . — King George IU . made . 180 hereditary legislators ; George IV ., 45 , and William IV , 50 . Her present Majesty has made 35 . —total . 310 . Punishment fob Debt . —For a debt of 5 , 000 francs , ( about £ 200 ) the penalty for a Frenchman is . au iniprigonmttnt lor five years , that of an Englishman in France , ( en vears .
Canadian Roads . —Hundreds of miles of roads in Canada are made of plank , covered by earth OS gravel , where they are to be bad . Camphor . —A correspondent of the Lancet atateS j from observation and experiment , that camjthor is highly injurious to the teeth . Madavk Vestbis . —We understand that tho highly talented and most popular actress and voealist Madame Ve ? trig , is about to bid farewell to the stage , in consnquence of declining health . She intends closing her theatrical career next season . She makes a parting tour in the provinces , and returns to London to appear for the last time on the boards oi the Italian Opera House , where she made net dehvt so many years since . RkfOuu is Ikdia . —The rite of suttee has been prohibited in the Rnjpoot state of Jeypoore , by itn unanimous vote of the Regtmcy .
ToitK Assizes . —Education and Ceimk —The calendar does not contain the name of one uriaoner who is described as being well-educated , whilst there are twenty-four who can neither read nor- write , twelve who can only read , and the education of the remainder is stated to be imperfect , Ldjipwg it . —At Stickford church , on fhe 29 th ult ., there were christened thirteen children , the projieny of three highly respectable sisters . Libeiulitv op thk Free Church . —On Sunday week the sum of £ 2 , 300 was collected in th « Free Churches < A Ediuburgh . i ' or the relief of the destitute Iliuhiaiiders .
Salaries at the Post-Office . —The new .-scale of salary juat authorised by the Lords of the Treasury for the clerks of the inland department of the General Post-office comprehends the following : — Three seniors , at £ 450 per annum ; six seniors , at- £ -100 per annum ; 33 , if above 20 years' servitude , .-6300 per annum ; if abr . ve 15 years' servitude , £ 2-30 per annum ; if above ten years' servitude , £ 200 per annum ; 36 , if above 15 years' servitude , £ 200 per annum ; if above ten years' servitude , £ 160 per annum ; if above seven years' servitude , £ 120 per annum ; 90 juniors , if above ten years' servitude , £ 120 per annum ; if above seven years' servitude , £ 100 per annum ; if above throe years' servitude , £ 00 per annum ; under three years' ssrvitoie , £ 80 per annum . The above scale will give the advantage of promotion by seniority from class to cla ^ s , the advance in each class being regulated by the length of servitude .
The Population of the Earth . —The population of the earth ia estimated at one thousand millions . Thirty millions die annuall y , eighty-two thousand daily , three thousand four hundred and twenly-ong every hour , and fifty-s \ jven every minute . Railway Traffic . —The coeds carried between London , Birmingham , and Rugby , amount to about 2 , 000 tons por day . Tire Inos Bmdge at Sunderland hai been made toll five . Since the opening in 1796 , a prout of £ 79 , 660 has been realised from the tolls . A D . jo and a Fish . —Two gentlemen were near the Meikle Rook between Avoch and Fortrosc . with a Newfoundland doy . Serins a fish in the watei ' , thoy fired at and wounded it . The dog s-et off in pursuit , and the contest was keenly kept up , the fish and dog diving in every direction The fish was captured at last , and dragged ashore . It proved to be a fox-shark , and measured five feet in length .
A Iriumpii . —M ;> ilame Eugenia Garcia , at Rovigo , was culled for , at hoc benefit , fifty-eight times -In one night ! Official Criticism . —At Naples , no one is permitted to applaud nt the opera without the signal being given from the royal box . Any infringement of this rule is stopped by a gendarme , who takes the offending enthusiast by the arm and conducts him to the police station , where he is locked up . The Great Sua-Seupent . —The Norwegian papers contain a series of * statements touching the appearance of the " sea-serpent '' in the larger fiords . The monster has been seen quite close , in different places
and at several different times , by about sixteen persons . The arconnts agree in representing tho creature as dark iu colotir , about 50 feet long , and of the circumference of a man ' s body . It is described as showini ; itself only in calm weather , and as then swimming with its head elevated , in vertical undulations of'ita body , like a leech . The Hitbr Bit—An eel , ab . mt five inches long , was la-t week trapped by a mussel , into wh"se premises he bad intruded his head , with a view of making a meal of the occupant . The mussel closed on the thief , and choked him .
Cutting it l < at . ' — Four ladies were lately seen riding through the streets of Philadel phia in an open carriage , each with a ci gar in her mouth , puffing away with * a generous abandon , ' As Artist , —The Port Phili p Patriot states that the antipodian Jack Ketch , who hung two natives in 1841 , when questioned about the execution said , " They died quite beautiful—for savages !" Gambling . —A free coloured fireman on binrd a steamboat on the Mississipi , having lost all his uionev at cards pledged bis own freedom , which he also lost , his free paper * being the stake , and was actuall y sold by the winner to a slave dealer ! Jerskt . —Government is about to construct a naval port in St . Catherine ' s Uav .
Ihk Accursed Game Laws . —A recontre took olace between the gamekeepers and watchers of the Marquess of Anglesey an ! Joaiah Spode , Esq ., of Annitage Hal ) , near Ruguly , and a determined gang 0 f poachers , from twelve to fifteen in number , in a preserve on the Armitage Hall estate , on Monday night . Alter a desperate conflict , in which one of the keepers was severely wounded , and a poacher shot through the thyh , five of the offenders were secured . Ihey have been committed lor trial . Tun Window Tax . —A report has been circulated that it ia the intention of the government , in the next session of Parliament , to abolish the window tax , end raise the property tax to I per cent ., leaving the income tax untouched . Bkoinnino in timk . —A fuw davs ago , a voting w eaver in Perth , aged seventeen , was married to a girl ot fourteen .
• Iea . —More tea is annually consumed in Great Britain than by all the nations of the earth together , except the Chinese themselves , Tub Gipsies . —A number of gipsies havebaen for some days encamped upon Bradford Moor . Bradford Factory Girls . —Steps are now being taken tor fiiting-up lodging-houses for these operatives . A party of gentlemen have undertaken the responsibility of fitting-up one lod ging house in a commodious manner , where a number of factory girls will be lodged in a comfortable manner , and cheaply . KoBS-shiiu OvsTEns . _ There is a great demand tor oysters tins season , It is proposed t ;> cultivate the production of oysters in Lochcarron , and the proposal is likely to meet with encouragement County of Rksphbw ELBoruw .-Colonel Mure has been elected without opposition . ;
hATiiKn Mathcw . —Id appears from a letter addressed to Mr Shiel b y Lord ¦ Shrewsbury , that a pension of £ 100 a year has been offered ( bv ' Government , we presume ) to " good Father Math ' ew . " Mortality among ( he Agricultural Labourers in Berkshire—So destructive hove been the ravages of lever in some parts of B-jrkahirc , that in the parish of Upton , a hamlet iidjoining blucbur . r , in that county , the population of which was 142 souls seven wcoks aso , it is now reduued to 73 , 09 having died wit ' tin that short period—many through want . Nursr ,. —The practice of buying and soiling by the electric telegraph iu the United States h very
common . A NbwUi . vch -A new and very beautiful dance , called r . iie . \ iuiobtaiuo , is b .-comi ' ng the " ra ? e" in the iashi'tuiblc world . " Joaipn Hnim , Esq ., M . ., ' has been named as f t candidate for ; Ww . Vh , iu conjunction Mr . J . LI . Gurncy . "'
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Dec. 19, 1846, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_19121846/page/3/
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