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Northern Star (1837-1852), 19th June 1852, Edition 2 of 2, Page 4

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    • FIXSBCRY ELECTION.
    • ©a eoroggotfflentg
    • THE STAE OF FEEEDOB SATURDAY, JUNE 19, IS52.
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      The Earl Of Malmesbury Is Pushing A Bill...

      ] LETTERS FOR WOKKEJG MEA . 2 Ko . No- IX-Fkee TtuDsTyj > the Middle Class . TO THE EDITOi : OP THE STAK CF PKBBDOaL S s £ 3 ta ? £ » asking after mv last week ' s oonSon & t against the 'Free' Traders-- 'Are we , SSben never to allv with them ? Is not tins pursuing tithe the old Chartist folly of antagonism ? And , as the eerearreat hulk of the middle class is m same sort , at least tthethe active political portion of it , tree trading , is not

      t tbistbis a most inexp licable opposition to tbat Ciass r ! lTb < Tbe ouestions are worth putting , and I will be as £ expexplicit as possible in my reply . And first let me i def define what I mean by Free Traders , when I speak ( of of tbem as a class opposed to the people . I , too , am ; a la Tree Trader ; but not such an one as requires a i mo monap'J-v of Free Trade for his own advantage . Free ' Tr Trade , ; is I understand it , should be equal opportunity . —1—to the weakest as well as to the strongest—to the

      po < poor est as wea as to the wealthiest—to the labourer as as well as t- > the capitalist—in order to obtain a fair pri price for hjs merchandise , be it labour , money , or go sjoads , and to purchase what he needs without let of S « S « spt « ra or other dishonesty . Real Free Trade is tr ; trade sst free from all artiieial hindrances : it h ^ in co consequence , the protection of the trader—including in in Ih-it naraa the labourer , who has only bis limbs to tr trafKe with—from all artifice . This is Frve -Trade ; ai and in the justice and desirabilifcr of this 1 fully * bell lieve . But this is not the ' Free' Trade of those w whom I call sham Free Traders , who are pre : t $ ' fairly k known as tbe Manchester School , and whom it seems

      * to me my duty ttf oppose to the utmost . Their Free 1 Trade means only a transfer of monopoly from the 3 ; landlords to the money lords . Instead of the land-] lords having a , monopoly of corn-2 rowir . g ihey , the 1 traders , are to have a monopoly ^ of traffic It is ; simply a farther carrying out of the law of the s strongest—a legalise *! anarchy . Their freedom never l goes down so low as the labourer . He may , indeed , 1 have freedum of purchase , when out of the range of 1 tally-shops and the truck system ; but freedom to < dispose of hU own labour is utterly denied to him . j He is the slave of a combination of cauitalists ; and

      1 this monopoly' is what passes now-a-days cur-: rent as Free Trade . It is in this sense that I i attack it , and tell the people tbat Lord Derby and ' . Lo « I | Djrl > y ' s opponents may well be left to fight : that matter out without oar interference . And in savins ? this I do not lose sight of even this sham Free Trade having , to a certain extent , benefited the people . Their bread is cheaper , and as yet there are n't statistics of the lowering of wages . Bat the poor house system remains to help that issue . I do not deny , either , that the corn monopoly was a tremendous wrong ( though I think a great " deal of rubbish has been talked about taxing the people ' s food , as if

      every tax did cot resolve itself into that : call the tax what you will , it lessens the number of the poor man's loaves ); that the overthrow of that monopoly was inevitable ; that the landlords mast never have it back again { there is no fear of it ) ; and that this phase of halt * Free Trade is a necessary step in our progress . But I see , also , that the men who have carried this measure do not mean us to have the complementary half—that , in fact , they are the strongest opponents to the carrying out of the only sound principles of that 'Free Trade' which they make their watchword ; but which they would restrict and protect ( there is no such staunch Protectionist as your profitmonger ) , and ' preserve , ' and monopolise

      for tberr own exclusive benefit . I speak of tbe mass , very gladly acknowledging many exceptions to the rule . Well , however much the interests , the immediate interests of this party may be opposed to those of the landlord party , still that does not identify them with us . It is " not for ns to help the one to pull down the other , at the price of the victor being then empowered to have his will of us . The f . vo parties are alike our enemies , and both to he so treated . Here is the answer to the question—Are tee never to ally vciih them ? As to the old Chartist folly , that was shown much more in the manner than the matter . 1 always held that it was a wise policy

      not to help the Anti-Corn Law League ,-except at price of the suffraire . JRut thp «« pj oaiticn $ ut riotous , " - ' iben wefe afraid to oppose for fear of being ; thought rioters . It was the rioting that was folly ) not the opposition . Had we held out firmly against the League , they would , they mast , have sought alliance with us oa our own terms . Let us ally with them bow ; but only on our own terms . Ally with them just as you would with any other enemy , when you can do it honestl y and to yonr own advantage ; * but never trust in them , nor cherish in any fond conceit of their victory being necessarily your gain . Your best gain wonld be for tbe two parties to fi ght

      Kilkenny-catfoshion . But the triumph of the one , leaves that one free to tarn on yon . Let them alone ; or , when yonr way lies together , make the most certain terms ; and keep your eyes open while you . help . It is , after all , only a question of time . The end is plain enough to be Been . Many years cannot pass , whatever course the masses may take , before the firm of old landed gentlemen—the country party as it is called—the last remains of feudalism , having done its work in the world { let us frankly own that it was often good work ) must die out , and leave its broad acres aud its sceptre to the present heir-presaaiptive—this sham Free Trader of « hom vre nave teen speaking . But the

      hrst position of that new royalty will depend somewhat upon the people . If , as they , have shown certain tendencies of doing , the people back Free Trade in this last fight , without pretty strong pledges —without , indeed , the price down ( and that price should be nothing short of Manhood Suffrage , unfettered by radical manoeuvres ) they will find on the morrow that they have onl y been ridding the Free Trader of an encumbrance , and setting him free to rule as hia bats may order . Woe to England , woe especially to the English workmen , if Cobden and Co . can be Iordsof Britain , and the Suffrage not ours

      . and no people ' s party prepared to maintain an opposition to the new and vigorous despotism of trade . Bitterly shall we rue the help we give to hasten the advent of the Shopkeepers' Cabinet . Were we prepared , it would be another matter . Had we a strong "Democracy , a Republican party , intelligent , organised , and energetic , we might ' dare to say— ' The sooner we begin the sooner we shall end ; since the worst must come , let it come soon , and som pass . Since the world must undergo its dirtiest phase , and history write its darkest chapter , let it be brief . Hasten we the crisis . ' Are we prepared for this ?—and if not what madness is it to lend tbe little

      strength we have to those against whom there is so much need to husband it . 2 fo , these * Free ' Traders are worse enemies than the landlords . Let ns not join the old tyrants ; let us not join the new ones . To do either seems to me equally unprincipled . There may be policy in a bargain , if we can make it That is doubtful . But let it he no bargain short of one to which we can better , honestly , and wisely set our hands—the recognition of our right to freedom as Englishmen . Answer no catch question of Free Trade ornotjof Tory , or Whig , or-Radical , of Derhy or Cobden , —but ask onl y , will you acknowledge our right to the suffrage . If yes . we care not of what faction

      you maybe : one mat least as trust-worthy as the other . If no , then yon are against us , and there ' s an end . Unr tune for governing is yet afar . If , therefore , they would have our aid-either faction to take the rews till such tune as we are strong enough to contendit withthem , let them make these terms with ufor onr aid . We stand by the supporters of tho Peop e s right to the snffrage . That is the sole point for which we should move , or care to lend a hand in the faction-fight before ns . And who saya that this is opposition to the middle class ? Aro there not Tories among the middle class , and some Free Traders , who are not shams , and many others perhaps ready to do us justice , in spite of mistaken political views , which have led them into had waya without ill intent f To tbem we are not opposed . Their

      help we ask . By them we would stand . By all of the middle class which will acknowled ged ns as brethren , as countrymen , as brother freemen . We do not oppose the middle class ; but we oppose that portion of the middle class which would ride roughshod over us , —the sham Free Traders . We oppose these \ tyrants under a new name—this new school of monopolists—to whatever class they belong . And we will not lend ourselves foolishly to a fi « ht between the « xddle class Free Traders and the Higher-class tiuS ? - -t ' ' - pl r 1 > ec '' wse there are 80 me vho cla « \ r aQ , ! nesplwableopposition to the middle uitUm « f « , pat an end t 0 classes *>** lne recog-™ - ™ L L P « Pfc-a whole people , —not a «! = t n ^ as ^ ip ^^*^ » the middle d s ° S at , s caUed our oppwitiMi to Spautacus .

      , The Staft Of Freedom. W 19 X

      , THE STAft OF FREEDOM . w x

      Fixsbcry Election.

      FIXSBCRY ELECTION .

      Ad00414

      A GREAT PUBLIC MEETI ^ W w * O- Electors and Son-Electors of tbe Borough will be tew . a Ch-EKKESWELh-CrUEES , QS MOSDAT EYBS »© . 3 tJ > b - >¦ i To promote the re-election of THOMAS SL 1 XGSBI DTJXCOMBE , Who vrtil attend and address the meeting . ^ Chair to be taken at Sis o ' C ! Mk ^ f , l ^> .. tvicd re-Mon of Finsbury attend and aapr-ort your oW a ^ " border of the Committee meeting * the Fauou-y Literary Inititu ' . ion , . E W Usgsiuw , C hairman . Thomas Hutu Vntvca ^ eretM j .

      Ad00415

      TO THE INDEPENDENT ELECTORS OF THE BOROUGH OF XOTTI NGHAaI . n . ENTLEMEN ,-In soliciting the ^ ° Jf « j , S IT Votes at the next Election . I am bound tOR « e » j ^ Stot f . aralK . il of jay political onions 5 |»» ' ™ r „!^ c cencraliiies £ C rour to avoid that disjrjctial quioW « w •«" ¦'' *> ' -a f evample , frequently resoned to in Election Addresses . s « -1 ' ' ™ „ . j * : ' , „ * , »^ Iamteara «» l « tond (» , fe . ' - «« hout * 8 ytaff ^™« J haw far ; 'Iain for the gradual reform ot abuses ^^ . ^ 1 Stale . ' without sating how gradual ; or where the ab ^ e = aie , a Maul to a sound aud rel % i .- « -: E & waticn , ' meaning uotl . u ., ; ana ap l >"?"> sr whatever v « -u please to imagine . ^ n-1 ivp Bww- « i regard to mvself , I frankly , and midi-u ^ niy dcUne that I am for Manhood Suffrage . ccn > ider ; n ; tire man ewna .. « . int . e animal more worthy to be represented than evon tue un-pouiia House or tin Forty-siiitling Freehold . , ., I am for the Ballot , as an expedient to V f ^?**^? 1 ^ intimidation or undue iRnuence of Landlords , Cotuu-loids , and M raTforTe r Abolit ; on of all IWrfr Q inKfieatkww , Wh in U » " mls

      Ad00416

      TO THE INDEPENDENT ELECTORS OF THE BOROUGH OF SOUTHYTAEK . G ENTLEMEN , —As a Reformer and one of yourselves , sympathising with the interest and projress of the Industrial Cla-ses , actively engaged iu Manufactures and Commerce , and for many years resident in the Borough of Souths avfc , I beg respectfully to acquaint you that , ia compliance with a nun-erously signed ' Uequisition , I am induced to solicit the honour of your suffrage at the ensuing General Election . FUSE TRADE-CHEAP BREAD . Extension of the Soffrage . Equitab ' e Arrangement of Electoral Districts . The transfer of the right of returning ilemhers of Parliament from decayed or carrupt boroughs to populous constituencies . Tho Ballot and Short Parliament :. So Property Qualification .

      ©A Eoroggotfflentg

      © a eoroggotfflentg

      Towbs Hamlets Erecrro.V. —"W * E Are Inf...

      Towbs Hamlets Erecrro . v . —" w * e are informed that a great public meeting , in supirt of Mr . U ' m . Newton , the "WoiMng Men ' s Candiflaie for the representation of this borough , will be held in Bonner's Fields , on Monday nest , at six o ' clock in the evening . Sir . Xewtoa will attend and address the assembly . Democrats and working men , rally in jour strength , and testify by your numbers , your union , and your suffrages , that Newton is the man of your choice , and mast , and shall , be elected for the Tower Hamlets . Fiksbost Ettcnos . —From an advertisement which appears in our columns , it will be seen , that a meeting of the electors and non-electors of this bc-tough will he held on Clerkenwell Green , on Monday next , at six o'clock precisely , to promote the re-olcc tion of Thomas Slingsby Duncoiube . " Democrats and Working Men of Finsbnry ! Mr . Buncombe's long tried fidelity to the cau ? e of Ju-tiee and Right , political and social , claims for him your hearty support . He is threatened with the opposition of shams and shoy-kojs . Gather to his support . Rally , rally , rally ! The MtrsoroMTAX Electioks . —An article on the several candidates for the representation of the metropolis , we are compelled to postpone mi next week . In the meantime , we solicit information resptciiug the new candidates ( we know the old ones ) . Mr

      Ifarvey , Lambeth ( of whom we have already some mterestin ? notes . We should be glad to have some more ); Alderman Chains , Mr . TVjld , and Mr . Gardiner , Finsbury ; Ayrton and Duller , Tower Hamlets ; PeHatt , Southwark ; ' Shelly and Maidstone , Westminster . ( g £ * The following articles and cotnm' . inicatwms are unavoidably postponed till next week : — ' United Trade ' s Report '— ' Letter of Citizen Kadaud '— 'Miner ' s Meeting at Seaton Belaval , —• ' J . Pearcy ' s Letter '— 'George White ' s I . et : eron Free Trade — ' J , T . iylor , Birkenhead '— 'Yarmouth neraocrats '— ' Lancaster Address ' — ' A Carlisle Chartist '— ' A . Dalstotuan , Cumberland . * Tlie case of the Fellowship Porters will have our atteativll , K . Sxemjs . —Wc will communicate with the refugees . A . Koeixson , Wilsden—Many thanks . We will write . C . Seigeave , Famham . —we will communicate with Mr . Rvdcr . Monies fob ihe Befccees . -G . W . M . Reynolds , Esq ., £ 1 ls _ J . Smith , Whitecburch , ls-Mr . Barham , per B . Kevnolds , E > q ., Is . Ip" * All Agents willing to exhibit Bills of Contents , will please to send thtir addresses to the' Star of Freedom' Office . 183 , Fleetstreet , London . r 33 T Suras under Ss . may be sant in postage stamp * . Money orders Str ' d PayaWe t 0 J 0 lm BeZer ' Muney 0 rd { * 0 ffice »

      The Stae Of Feeedob Saturday, June 19, Is52.

      THE STAE OF FEEEDOB SATURDAY , JUNE 19 , IS 52 .

      Ourselves Al02je. 'God Helps Those Who H...

      OURSELVES AL 02 JE . ' God helps those who help themselves , ' is a sublime old truism , and if the working classes of this country had banded themselves together to help each other , instead of trusting to the leadership of aristocracies of Land aud Money , they might , ere this , have been the masters of their own Labour and Productions , and England have been happy and free . Trust yourselves ! If the heart of the people did but respond to that noble resolve , how soon we might work out tbe emancipation of Labour from the

      thousand tyrannies that surround it , and end at onco and for ever its long and murderous martyrdom . How much more suflering and tribulation—bow many more terrible lessons -will be necessary to ripen the masses into the knowled ge that their deliverance rests absolutely with tht-mselves , and that it is themselves alono who can achieve their triumph ? Its of no use looking any longer for assistance at the hands of such a miserable mocker y of a Government as ours , those who preach any such means of redemption , do but deal in delusion . It is impossible tbat our Government should assist tho Working Classes . It is composed of man who live by the present system , and who exist by the facilities which this system affords them for plundering the poor ; to destroy this

      system , then , would be their own self-auniuilstion . A Government properly constituted , would be tho head of the State , as the father is of tbe family . And as the father has a special regard to the protection and well-being of the weakest and tenderest member , so would the State fling its arm of safety around tho Labour interest , if crushed and oppressed by the tyranny of other interests . But our Government is not thus happily constituted . It is a cruel and heartless step-mother to the children of Labour , and wastes their hard earnings , the price of their sweat awl groans , toil and travail and tears , in debauched dalliance with the progeny of Capital , whom it nurtures to rank luxuriance in princely palaces , and fattens their rotren carcases upon the fruits of the

      Ourselves Al02je. 'God Helps Those Who H...

      world , whilst it drives the poor creators of all this plenty from the feast of their own creation , and sends them empty away from the b ounteous banquet of life . There is no help to be deri ved from such a government ; we must win our freedom by Ourselves Alone . If any one needed to be convinced of this , let him turn to the debate on Mr . Slakey ' s motion , for a commission to consider , suggest , and r cp ° -t measures to benefit the social condition of the Working Classes , on Friday , Jane lltli , let them consider its reception in that den of thieves , and tho arguments and replies that were given to Mr . Slaney . He was met with continual cries of' Divide , ' and the man

      whohas pleaded the causeof Labour the most gallantly , and with the braves t persistence , could scarcely obtain a hearing fr : m the miserable crew of Shams , and Rogues , and Misrepresentatives , who were eager to shut their ears to the voice of Tmth , and hurry off to glut their gluttony , and consume at a meal moro than they earn in a lifetime , or to melt down the marrow of what manhood is loft to them , and squander tho plunder of tho poor , with their pimps and parasites , and courtezans , behind the curtains of their grand brothels , saloons , and hells . "W ell may Mr . Siakf . y wish to retire from such a ^ scene ; the thauks and blessings of tbe workers be with him for what he has done . And God forgive—for wc

      never will—tho ribald wretches who hounded him down and mocked and spurned your dearest interests . Mr . "Walpole in reply , stated that—If there was one thins ; which ha-1 struck him since he had had the honour of a seat in parliament , it was the fact , that the condition of the working classes and their improvement by means ot education or othei legislative measure ? for their henefac , met with more serious attention in the house , than any measures proposed for the interest of those , who were represented in the house . Is not tbat sublime I Worthy of tho hypocrite whoso name he bears . This is equal in audacity to the assertion of Lord JoiiN Russell , who affirmed

      that tbe aristocracy was beloved by the people , and had a firm hold upon their affections . A hum hold quotha ? Aye , my lord , for their teeth are iu our hearts with the grip of bloodhounds . A ' serious attention ' Mr . Walpole ? You are rig ht , they have had a grim serious attention . No means have been neglected to work their injury , no one thing has been done for their benefit . Let our friends , the Co-operators , lay these things to heart , and not waste precious time and energies in a futile hoping against hope , for they will get nothing from the hands of these men , therefore , let them not put their trust in tbem . Ourselves Alone , Jot this be our motto , and if we

      were but united , and comprehended Our vital interests , we are strong enough to carry our own against all other interests , —aye , against all tho world ! Tho power to win our freedom , and establish our own supremacy , is in our own hands ; but , then it lies on the combined exertions of the whole of the masses—working all for each , and each for all . No isolated evwleavovir , bo fragmentary action , can ever accomplish this change—it is the might of numbers that we need to work the necessary political change . And tho working classes have maay a stern admonition of the immediate necessity of this unity and combination , if they will but read

      the significant signs of the times . Day by day is tyranny of ono kind or other encroaching upon them and destroying , one by one , the last strongholds of Labour ' s liberties . Strike after strike of trade upon trade , is rendered abortive , and loaves the men in deeper degradation and misery . Darkness and despair loom up around us , blotting out all hope from the sky of our future . Decay , Starvation , and Rvdn , encircle us round nearer and nearer . We are like , that criminal who was shut up in a dungeon the Walls of which became every day narrower and narrower , till they at last crushed him , —or like tho companions of Ulysses iu tho cave of

      Polyphemous , it is only a scramble with us for the chance of being devoured last . Friends and brothers fall at our side to-day , and our turn comes to-morrow . Our poorest brethren , and the poorest trades , fall first ; the better-paid follow after—their destruction is nonotple less certain because they have a little longer grace . The hungry monster is only whetting its appetite with the tortures of its victims previous to eating them up . And it is only by a grand united struggle of tho whole people that we can burst tha tyranny of this murderous system , and break from these surrounding evil circumstances , which has to be accomplished for , aud by , Ourselves Alo >* e .

      Europe And Asia. The Cossacks Prey. Amer...

      EUROPE AND ASIA . THE COSSACKS PREY . AMERICA TO THE RESCUE ! Europe is already almost entirely Cossack , and wili soon be wholly so , if the friends of freedom throughout the world do not unite and give battle , to the tyrants . Bound and powerless , trampled be- ! neath the iron hoof of military despotism , the na- tions of the European continent are impotent , and have no means of uniting—no means of renewing the struggle for Republican freedom . The noblest and last ' of their patriots have perished on the scaffold , or have been slaughtered iu their dungeons . They who possess the confidence of the peoples , and who might be capable of leading tbem in a new struggle for liberty , are in prison or in exile .

      Europe is at the feet of Russia ; yet , however necessary to Russia may be the enslavement of the peoples of the west , even tbat is but a means to the greatendshe has in view . That end is the possession of Asia . We cannot but desire to see the east inundated by a fresh stream of vigorous life , from the west . We cannot but desire to see Asia , the birth-place of civilization and mental greatness , again peopled with vigorous and progressing men , instead of the emasculated races who have possession of it now , whohavenorail life , and who have long ceased to labour in the cause of human progress .

      The Russians are a fresh and undeveloped people ; they are barbarous and possessed of a great amount of physical strength—qualities which fit them above all others for the work of destruction and conquest . It is not surprising , therefore , that the man who can wield this mighty human power , should entertain the hopes of seizing upon the sunny lands of Asia , and labour incessantly to prepare the way for tbe time when he may hunch his Cossack hordes upon the long-coveted east .

      But is it the interest of humanity that Asia be re-invigorated by tbe barbarous serfs of the Czar ? Itis true such ' a result would in time destroy the imperial despotism . The empire would then be too vast , however barbarous its inhabitants mi » ht be , to remain long nibject to the will of one man ; while , on the other hand , the possession of the rich territoried of tho East would soften the harshness of theirjnature . and develope their intellectual powers . But until the awakening would be a long night of barbarism for humanity , as dark and degrading as tbat which followed the fall of Rome .

      Such need no be . The East may be again civilised and invigorated by others than the Muscovites-by nations that would carry there new life and soul , without ignorance and slavery . That might be the work of the great American Republic , and of our own nation , which alone in Europe has the power to do so if she will . The only means by-which Europe and Asia can be made free is by the destruction of the Russian power , which is the incarnation of the despotism of the world . All circumstances combine to point out America as the natural leader of Republicanism and freedom , and consequently the natural enemy of Russia . Between these principles of absolutism and liberty there will be a continued struggle , until one of them be universally triumphant .

      America must then intervene in Europe in favour of the principles she represents , or she will have at last to combat her deadly enemy u , pou her own soil . She must speedily choose , or the last sparks of liberty will bo trampled out ia Europe . But she has already chosen . The cheers with which Kossuth is greeted have sounded the knell of European tyranny , It is the mission of Kossuth to remind the American people of their duties towards Humanityduties so long forgotten , or neglected , or wrapped up in an obsolete policy , suitable for America in her infancy , but not for the giant Republic of our own days .

      Well has Kossuth fulfilled his mission , and nobly have the American people responded to his appeal . They have recognised iu the large-hearted and eloquent Hungarian exile as the representative of the suffering nations of Europe , whose freedom it is both the duty and the interest of America to protect . Let us prepare to unite with our American brethren

      Europe And Asia. The Cossacks Prey. Amer...

      to do battle for the cause of Freedom , and for the overthrow of that abominable system of despotism , which is torturing and debasing tbe European people-

      The Voice Of The West Riding. It Had Not...

      THE VOICE OF THE WEST RIDING . It had not been our intention to expend more words upon tbe promoters of the Manchester abortion , as wo have ' already with sufficient clearness , stated the real facts of the case . However , we havo been induced to depart from our determination in order to draw public attention to the Delegate meeting of tho West Hiding of Yorkshire , at Bradford , on Sunday last . Wo cannot but consider as very important tho judgment of the Chartists of the "W est Riding . In

      no other p lace in Great Britain , have there been so many steadfast and unvarying labourers for the Democratic cause as there . On tho present occasion there was an unusually large attendance of Delegates , showing tho unalterable determination of the men of Yorkshire to preserve the reputation they have acquired of having been from tho commencement of the Chartist agitation the steadfast adherents of principle , and tho determined enemies of usurpation ; and to vindicate the principles oi'Democracy , against thoso who would sefc up a dictatorship in its name .

      Unlike the ¦ ' Delegates' who have been sen t to Metropolitan Delegate Councils— mushroom loca'ities—some three or four- men , already belonging to a locality constituting themselves a new one , and deputing two of three as their ' Delegates '—thu printers and ' printer's devils' of certain parties , converted into Chartists for u week aud represented by their master—localities which wo know , from good authority , to have ken dissolved before a week ' s existence—those of the West Riding really represent old localities of thinking and earnest Chartists .

      The Delegates found that the men against whose unwarrantable conduct they had assembled to protest were every way deserving of their scorn and indignation . Those men , calling themselves Democrats , while they bring shame upon the canse'tiiey profess to advocate , had the sublime impudence to denounce Socialists , Republicans , and Free-thinkers , and , indeed , every man who was not content to shout in tho train of the would-be dictator .

      Such presumptuous intolerance , render natural enough , much of their further conduct which would otherwise be almost incredible . Some of the party in favour of the Manchester farce , actually brought to the meeting a band of bullies and ruffians , for the purpose of coercing tho meeting into supporting their factious chief and his lawless proceedings . Some of them even boasted of their brutality , saying that they had brought a force to put down their opponents .

      Failing in obtaining their object by threats of p sonal violence , they next tried to prevent the p - gress of the proceedings , and attempted to have the meeting adjourned for a week , so that they might be able get up a number of mushroom localities like those above mentioned , and thereby swamp the real representatives of the Chartists . In this they also failed . The prime orginator of all this mischief was present

      nominally in the character of a reporter , but in reality , in order , if possible , to deceive and lead away , by his sophistry and clap-trap , those who were not deep-sighted enough to perceive his real character . Enraged at being taunted with taking a report only of the things said in favour of the course he has pursued , and not of anything against that course , he said he would take reports to suit himself , a confession which is not likely to add to his admirers as a

      journalist or a politician . The proceedings at Bradford on Sunday are significant of the ultimate fate of all who have recourse to treachery and deceit . No where throughout tho whole country was the person we allude to more popular sometime since than there . Yet all the tactics of himself aud accompanying gang of bravoes could not prevent the delegate meeting putting their seal of condemnation upon the anti-Democratic proceedings of the factious clique . Although prevented passing a resolution in due form , the delegates did not separate

      without putting their names , and the names of the places they represented , to a resolution repudiating in toto tho Manchester ' Conference' as a vile attempt to establish a dictatorship in the name of Democracy , For their noble vindication of Democratic principles the thanks of every Chartist , and every lover of honour and honesty , are due to tho men of the West Riding , and to their Chairman , whose talented advocacy of Chartism , and uuwearing exertions in the People ' s Cause , have gained for him the respect of the working men of Leeds and of the whole country .

      Suppression Op Public Liberty . On Jlond...

      SUPPRESSION OP PUBLIC LIBERTY . On Jlonday , tho Uth inst ,, a public meeting was called in Banner ' s Fields , Victoria Park , to appoint a deputation to wait upon the Home Secretary to obtain tbo cnnceiling of the police order , forbidding public lectures , sermons , and discussions in the fields on ' Sundays . In spite of the rain ; which fell heavily , a hundred or so of persons were on the ground , evincing a determination to maintain their rights , which is not often displayed at tho sac- ifice of so much ' personal comfort . These adjourned to the Literary Institution . Morpeth-street , where Mr . Prask CufiZON took the chair , who , in an excellent address , gave tho audience credit for being there , in spite of theunpropitious weatUer . Air . Savage moved- " That the public meeting be adjourned , and that it be left to the Committee to determine when it should beheld . " Mr . S . spoke in support of the moiion , and read a petition tbat ho intended to present to the House of Commons .

      Mr . C . P . Nichoias seconded the motion . During his remarks he said— " They had been told by the police that the discussion had been put down because they disturbed the inhabitants . The Home Secretary , in reply to questions jut to him in the house , had said— ' it was because of the immorality , obscenity , and blasphemy taught there . '" IMr . N . said— " That if you interrogate two rogues who had done a had deed , neither intending to speak the truth , diiferent replies would be given , which would bo sure to expose the falsehood of both . As for the blasphemy , that v ? as another affair , and if right lion , eemlemeii looked hack a few hundred years , they would find men blaspheming against tho gods and idols of tbe Heathen , for which they took credit now . If they did so , they perhaps might blush at stigmatising tho outspoken but earnest convictions of opponents as blasphemy . " Mr . Palmer , Mr . Finlin , and Mr . Binny also addressed the meeting , which then adjourned , after subscribing for payment of expenses .

      The Committee met afterwards and determined to call another public meeling on that day fortnight , at five o ' clock . All tbe candidates for the Tower Hamlets wili be invited to attend .

      Nottingham Election. On Wednesday Evenin...

      NOTTINGHAM ELECTION . On Wednesday evening a public meeting vras held in the Exchange-hall for tho purpose of hearing an address from Mr . Charles S . urgeon , "tho Democratic candidate" for the suffrages of the electors . Mr . Sturgeon addressed the rsnetini ; at considerable length . He was much applauded . After the candidate had been put through a good deal of questioning , a resolution , pledging the meeting to use its i n fluence to secure his election was carried with only four dissentients . Just as the proportion was being carried , and before the chairman had declared it to be adopted , there was much pressure from the back to the front of the

      platform , which caused it to wriggle forward and drop to the level of the floor graduall y with a tremendous crash , The people lathe body of tho hall saw it coming , and rein n if 5 1 , ' ! L lu asp 0 !! 8 i , ble out o £ ita reach , kilo those upon it felt with the wreck , and were for some time strug . ghng in a heap bsfore all were extricated . Profound st ence prevailed tor two or three minutes , until the fright naturally occasioned had passed away , and the debris beimr SSSStt ? T ° - "' W "nderneathThen 11 particular damage being incurred bv any one , the mee ins So ^ Sk ' and 8 horlly aftemards 52 B 33

      In R Isl?? " 1 Boo*O*R*-A Lecture Was De...

      in r iSl ?? " Boo * o * r * -A lecture was delivered ivi Z m V ^ ?? ' , T an Ion Clithero , on Monday 2 ra ' . JL Mr- iVH * "' of London " 0 n ^ e state of Poll-5 \ t w . nc ¥ { V *» •« « P ° <* the minds of statesmen and the laws of England . " After a long and eloquent speech , the leturer entered on many of the disputed questions of the nhL ' i ^ 0 T ' , uded . H 8 COur « e which , if not entirely agree-SitiS * " CT ^ 'ed . openiog of his heaters , must be admitted to have been copious in information and clear in arhv Mpt ; a T a en - seve" -al questions which were asked ¦ 3 Li ? hJ n v i Amswo « b , Wm . Robinson and -ffm , ™ ? -7 ° n / Msday eveninp , K dd delivered asec 0 nd SS rwl ™ b 6 ln , T \ * 'fc » ltor * Manufacture , Ma-S ^ if- ^ bour ; Considered : " We regret ? n « p ' , 1 « % have " P *<» > n outline of this lee tare . —From the Preston Guardian

      „ ™™ , THE Late Thomas ' MoonE .-At a meeting 2 i 5 , / fr 1 , and - ^ draii'ers of tho late Thomas Moore , ? wfl ^ ™ - « f * , a letter was read from Lord 2 S ' ' » t "' g f'at at a previous meeting it had been resolved to erect a public monument to the memory of the poet in his native city , Dublin . It was then resolved that a subscription should be raised in Great Britain in furtherance ot the ob ject , and die following noolemen and R entleincn were appointe d a committee to ciury it oat :-Lords Lansdowtie , Clarendon , Portescue , Wckloir , Carlisle , bbelburne , John Russell , and Monteagle , and Messrs . Macaulay and Longman . Other resolutions as to the details of the subscriptions were then come to , a circular to be forthwith issued wa * prepared , and Mr . Longman consented to act as treasurer ,

      In R Isl?? " 1 Boo*O*R*-A Lecture Was De...

      ARE THE RIGHTS Opllr ^ ' SETTLED ? ' i * - R ' S -ii , —ihe mind of England is full of «~ delusions . At every step ^ and twit ^ . S " ?* sious meet U 8 in tl f ^ If tl n ^ X ^ f * haltitude vw > o ! b , ojff ^ t ^ g neyous as mi ght even thou bo fS ^ rSS would not bo so fatal as grave and Z a 2 ^ on all that relates to the 6 U poly of theS Crroi ' a « f life . The relations hllla S , T "' > M fpf ^ p"ts ofn > . „ ., ; u ; avrwtS ! J « U of discussion , and aro destiJd S ^ " * - j « . « « i amission , and aro destined to hi ?! uu "

      , „ or ages to como ; 0 „ e fact is coucl t ' » bedispu sdb y thinking meu of any partr , it , ** hat party be reli gious or poUtieaUnSmeS W material arauu of man demand in : mediate ^ n ^ lha great dclwion . vhich Wo aro about t ^ f ' bears directl y on man ' s material wants , aud ''? 1 tho interests of those whoso only nroniW w f ! labour , more directly aud mora mtttintriv tip ¦ y ol any other class . Tho delusion to which t , T is the industriously circulated , and perseveri ,, ! , pagatea , assertion , that ' the Itighls of Labo , " « tttal i ' ana that , too , ou a scientiBc bS •? ask for the proof in support < i such assumption \ - aro answered , "That to buy in the cheapest mark f

      and sell m thfl < ii » : ! Vflst-. ' ic n , ft i , ; ,. i . „„ . i .... ,. * H and sell in the dearest , ' is the highest law of con mci'ce ; aud that therein is contained the vholo J " ticmentof Labour and Us Wights , prouerty aUQ || duties , commerce iu all its relations . The i > hns Buy in the cheapest market , and sell in the dearcjP is an interpretation of a proposition contained ; ' Smith's ' Wealth of Nations . * As Smith ' s proposi tion is explicit and full , and contains tho whole ceo ' mimical doctrine of htissezfaire hisses idler , cv ' jj ail things alone , ' i \ m \ as on it is bated the modern economical practices of the age , v / c will q U () i jj j ' Q

      full . * Wealth of Nations , ' Book iv ., chapter I , •_ ' Every individual is continually exerting lumseit'To find out the most advantageous employment for wlW ' ever Capital he can command . It is his own advan . " tage , indeed , and uot that of tho society he has h ] view ; but tho study of his own advantage , uatural ] y or rather , necessarily , leads him to prefer that em !

      ployment which is most advantageous to the society . ' If that proposition were indeed true , then would the whole question of ' Labour and its . Uights , property aud duties , commerce iu all its relations' }> q 1 settled . ' That is the only proposition on which ( lie ' Manchester Economists' rest their assertion of the question being ' settled . ' We will try the proposition first , as regards laud . The landowners of ire .

      land employed ' whatever Capital they cento comniand in the way their own interests directed ; ihey turned their tenantry adrift , ' ejectments' being common ; they spent the rentals of their estates , uot in but out of Ireland , ' Absenteeism' being common tbey avoided a direct and unbroken connexion bo « tweeu themselves and their tenantry , ' Muldlemauism ' being common . In all this they acted as they sup . posed for their' own advantage . ' Had Adam Smith ' s proposition heen by nature aud necessity invariably

      true , the Irish landowners , in exerting themselves to find out what in their judgment was for their' own advantage , ' would have pursued the coarse that was most advantageous to tho society of which they were members ; their Capital was in ' lreland , the fruits of their acts are also in Ireland ; and where is the mail that , judging the tree by its fruits , will , with Ireland staring him in the face , assort that Adam Smith ' s proposition , quoted above , is without qualificationanything else than a mere assumption ?

      Wo will try Adam Smith ' s proposition as regards the employment of Capital in manufactures . The millowners of England used whatever Capital they could command iu the way which , to them , appeared 11 be most advantageous in so doing ; they scorned all restraint , enjoyed the freest use of their Capital , ran their factories sixteen or twenty hours out of the twenty-four , increased their own gains , and increased

      the deaths among their 'bands , ' sunk an unlettered , but not vicious , population , to the lowest depths of physical , moral , and social degradation , in the pursuit of their ' own advantage ; ' they enriched themselves , and impoverished ' the society ' of which they were tbe beads . Who , with the reports of tho factory commissioners before him , would assert tbat Adam Smith ' s proposition , as stated by its author , and re < duced to practice by his disciples , is not a mistake ?

      Yet , on tho assumption of Adam Smith , did the owners of factories oppose all factory legislation ; their leading representatives , Mr . Cobden and Mr . Bright , consistently opposing legislative interference to the last . When the London bakers , two years ago , asked for the abolition of night work ia the bakehouses of the metropolis , Mr . Bright , takiug his stand ou tho proposition quoted from the ' Wealth of . Nations , ' mocked their complaints , aud approving commoners sneered at tho motion of Lord liobort Grosrenor , made ou behalf of the poor bakers out of doors .

      • . We will now examine Adam Smith ' s proposition as regards labour—the property of the working mail , Every observing working man knows that . much of his time is occupied in preventing the less thoug htful of his fellow men from using their Capital—Labourin the way which to them seems ' most advantageous . ' Why so many complaints against ' overtime' and ' piecework ? ' If every working man , in following the course palpably marked out to him by self-hite * rest ,, also follows the course which to all his fellow men

      is ' most advantageous , ' such working meu as complain of' overtime ' and ' piecework , ' are guilty of a fatal error . All « Trade Unions ' and * Amalgamated Societies' are evils , and ought to be dispen sed - with . Every working man knows that « p iecework is a serious and growing evil , in so far as it induces the workman to overreach his natural and ordinary ImW " of work ; tho unjust employer profiting therefrom , by making the earnings of the most expert workman the standard by which to measure tho earnings (> f "V If Adam Smith ' s proposition were true no such e « J could exist ; each would work as he pleased , ai """ would profit thereby . .

      That the disciples of Adam Smith so nndersw ™ his proposition no one can doubt ; they invariably cry down Trades Unions as ' evils , ' Boards of Trade i as unjustifiable interferences with the emp loyment , of Capital , ' oppose by every means in their power w * movements of the working men in defence of vf ¦ earnings , say « each should be free to make « J » bargain he pleases ; ' and during the recent nwvemei of the ' Amalgamated Engineers , ' through w » ^ columns of the press the disciples of Smith used arg ments built upon Smith ' s proposition , van « " t effect , against the associated workmen . In aUt ' the Free Trade economists aro consistent , they accep ^ ^ u doctrine , and desire to rigorously reduce

      practice . . ,. If wo inquire into the practices of trade , we ^ of adulteratiouss and frauds , each shop keeper u ^ ' whatever Capital he can command for bis ' o « ' 0 ^ vantage ; ' but who , with the exposures recently _ m in the pages of the 'Lancet , ' of the fraudulent , a f ^ honest , and dangerous practices of tho in ajoru ) ^ ^ shopkeepers , would affirm that each shop keeper ^ looking to his « own advantage , ' also cares w

      ' advantage' of his customer . jjUQ . . A capitalist owns a factory ; ho em ^ i otliiBg ng dred persons ; he establishes a provision ana " mart ; pays his workpeople in flour , sugar . ^ ^ candles , flannels , & c ., & c . ; the goods ho pi' 0 « e » ft f ft sell are of inferior quality ; he charges for ww . ^ . ^ high price ; he is enriched thereby ;— l Ieg £ 4 ?! jthal lial I morally , and unjustly enriched ; but enrich ed . ^ [^ in strict keeping with the proposition of Adam o ft u ft b quoted in this letter , and which is said to conw , final ' settlement' of the claims and con ditio * -- Labour , Capital , and Exchanges . . . ^ p stnest t The popSlar ' doctrine of 'buy in the « f £ g ; market , and sell in the dearest , ' is for workin » kiDg . iDgg the very worst doctrines ever inculcated . A * , Hs m man must always do a day ' s work before be g , . , day ' s wages ; he sells his labour to his emp 10 ^ ^ he sells it cheap , he must be poor ; except il J " f ttfjfj cheap , his employer cannot buy it cheap , i- ' tyerty , , as an active power , is tho foundation ot alt p"P and , therefore , of all traffic ; and , as the wto tiw . » inor nrflnerlao * la -. »^ J « nta of labour , the laooui

      ,, the first seller , and no one says that t 0 . se . ' cop { . coptpl cheap is advantageous to the labourer ; unr , -v 0 t M the labourer sells cheap , the buyer of laboui cj ^ , buy cheap . What are the facts ? -thcy ^ l ^ L ^ i -in every branch of industry in which unies » ^ competition is carried to a great extent—buying u ^ e ) im cheapest market is most complete ; in sucii o g ^^ of industry wages are lowest , aud the "" " ^ u ^ UrM quently the poorest . The difference to all la b ° jr

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), June 19, 1852, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_19061852/page/4/