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Northern Star (1837-1852), 19th June 1852, Edition 2 of 2, Page 1

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    • [COriVTKV EDITION-] jT/aHCB—IMMUTABLE, USIYER5M,, ETERNAL'. ENGLAND DISHONOURED.
    • irmtp mm GoiwjHi.ijittHfgflw.
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      [Corivtkv Edition-] Jt/Ahcb—Immutable, Usiyer5m,, Eternal'. England Dishonoured.

      [ COriVTKV EDITION- ] jT / aHCB—IMMUTABLE , USIYER 5 M ,, ETERNAL' . ENGLAND DISHONOURED .

      , C;Ren C!Reme The Liberty To Kno«R. To ...

      , c ; ren c ! reme the liberty to kno « r . to ntter , and to ai ^ ne freely accordis Jto « Jto ^^' . aboTeal , Jiberties -- 3 , aroy - . , TaE TaE visitor to the British "Musenm cannot bat adcmire We the gorgeous gates and elegant palisade bov ^ nariiWarinff completion , and in coarse of effacing the M » 4 « Et vestiges of that dingy and discreditable-looking S & ad ^ ad wall , so Jon g an eye-sore to all lovers of our "" . ? Jnrlri / Mia ] repository of foreign treasures and relics of

      . SoeJnrieiit States . Outside , and some feet distant from l rtealSe abore line of granite and gilt castings , is a dubby looWlooting bar of iron , supported by dwarf posts of the tsamesame material , and on each of which is perched the iteatiteate of an animal , which to be appreciated must be f seen «* n 2 This enigmatical-looking brute is fixed in the - at titi attitude of a whipped cur , with an expression of \ jyjaui countenance something ; between that of a sickifflonl monfcey and an ill-tempered but toothless cat . To voatToar horror , yon discover on closer investigation that : gjjagusprecious creation of ' native genius' is set np to pass pass muster as a ( burlesque ) copy of the far-famed Brit British Lion !

      B BCSK . E' 3 celebrated exclamation : ' The Age of Chi Ch ivalry is gone ' . ' was ( although be knew it not ) rati rather the utterance of a prophecy than the affirinatioi tion of a fact . In a certain sense , even as regarded his Jis own time , Bubke was correct . That false chi chivalry which in ' the good old times' fauatieised the mi millions to cast themselves beneath the wheels of the Ju Jugg ernaut of Royalty had expired—at least in the coi country which was the subject of his ' reflections . ' Bi But that true chivalry was not dead in Prance , was

      pr proved by the Thermopalsn devotion with which , ber so sons marched to death for the safety of tl their country and the glory of the Republic . 0 On this side of the channel too was exhib : bited a not less heroic , though far less enli lightened , chivalry . The volunteers , eager to meet ti the invader , the prodigality with which blood and ti treasure were poured forth , and those nnparalelled s sea-victories achieved by our gallant seamen , shewed 1 how « undegenerate' was then the spirit of our people . 3 But now i I will not speak of unhappy France .

      ] Enough to contemplate our own less excusable hum-] liation . We are not transfixed to the earth by half j a million of bayonets , yet ice submit to the withering i disgrace of being ruled by incapables and charlatans —sometimes Whig , sometimes Tory ; we submit to the rale of political shufflers and barterers of the national honour . . Derby rules the Cabinet , Disraeli the Senate , and ALiLsrssiiTJllY ' does business'for foreign tyrants and assassins , to our degradation and burning shame . The lion ( 1 ) of the Museum but too faithfully symbolises the actual front and attitude , the moral and physical aspect of Grande Bretagne \ To all appearance superannuated and imbecile , the British Lion has degenerated to some unnatural and humiliating combination of the ape , the cat , and the cur . Truly , ' the Age of Chivalry is gone !'

      Last Monday the attention of the House of Commons was occupied by * Lord' Jobs Htjssell and other speakers of his party , while he and they detailed the discreditable acts of the existing ministers since their ele vation to office . ' Lord' John ' s leading accusation was founded upon the case of Afr . Mather , so brutally cut down by an Austrian ruffian in the streets oi Florence . With the masterly hand of an old operator the Ex-Premier dissected the statesmanship of the Earl ' ofMAiMESBuKT , and proved biin to be the most incapable , or the mosfc anti-national of ministers that ever held the seals of the Foreign-office . But , contented with the expose they had made , ' Lord ' John Eussell and his backers stopped short , and

      declined to commit the House of Commons to a vote condemnatory of the Government ' s Foreign Policy and Malmesbtjuv ' s disgraceful performance of the duties of Foreign Secretary . Not the national honour , but the interests of faction were to be subserved , and therefore 'Lord * Joiix JKussell contented himself with , a speech , which , might have preceded a motion for impeachment , but which ended , asitwasintended to do , in—nothing . If this kind of Government and Opposition—worthy of each other—can find tolerance on the part of the people , it will prove to the world , much better than Ledbo Rolun could hope to prove , that the ' Decline of England 'has not only commenced , but is in rapid course of consummation ; and will shew that for another Gibbon there will soon bo

      ample materials to delineate the commencement , progress , and completion of England's fall . The facts in relali-m to Mr . Mather ' s case have been so often before Parliament , and . stated through the Press , that the 1 r ' . efest outline of those facts may here suffice . At the end of the month of December , 1851 , two young men of the name of Matheu , one aged nineteen , the other seventeen , ( sons of Mr . Mashes , of South Shields , a man well-known and highly respected on the banks of the Tyne ) , being in a crowded street at Florence , and having , in their attempt to cross the street , met a detainment of an Austrian regiment

      and its regimental band—the elder received a bloir upon the back , next a severe blow upon the face , and before he recovered from this uulooked for assault , he was cut down with the sword of one of the Austrian assassins , by whom he had been previously struck . His skull was laid open , and for some time his life was in danger , " Mr . Mather ' s only offence was that while crossing the street , which was very ranch crowded , he passed between a body of Austrian troops and their band of music . It has been asserted by the Austrians that Mr . Matheb put himself in a ' boxing altitude . ' Even if he did so , it was , as his brutal assailants admit , after he had been struck with the

      fiat of a sword , and bad also received a blow in the face . If he then put himself into an attitude of defence , he but followed the natural instinct of an Englishman , and did perfectly right . Admitting that Mr . MATHEB was twice struck , before ha made even a show of resistance , Marshal Radetzsky insists that Lieutenant Fobstubeb did perfectly right in drawing his aahie and cutting the young man to the ground . According to this old butcher , Radetzskt , this greyheaded assassin literally drenched with human blood , it would bare been dishonourable for the Austrian

      lieutenant to have risked receiving a blow from an unarmed man ; while it was not only honourable , but according to the rules of the Austrian service , that the epaulettedrufiian should makeuseof hia sword to assail one who had not the means of injuring him . If each are the roles of the Austrian service , they are the rules oi a gang of cowardly assassins ; and that minister who allows his countryman to be treated in accordance with such rules , or who fails to insist upon the most complete atonement , is a cowardly betrayer of his country ' s honour , and a disgrace to the name of Englishman .

      Mr . Mather senior , applied for redress to Lord Granville , then foreign minister , who instructed Mr . Scableit , acting secretary to the British legation at Flore :: c ? , to see that inqury was made into the matter by the Tuscan Government , and that justice was obtained . Immediately afterwards the Whigs resigned , and MMHEsm-nr the memorable ( bis disgraceful term of office will long be rememercd !) was appointed secretary for foreign affairs . To do his 'Lordship' and his precious despatches justice , I should require two or three columns . On the 4 th of March Mr . Mather senior , had an interview with the 'Earl of Maljiksbuky , when he was asked what

      reparation he considered ho was entitled to receive . Mr . Matheb replied that he wanted no compensation for the injury done to his son , but wpiation for the insult offered to his country . Tie ' noble' secretary , who was evidently intruded by nature for tho occupation of pedlar , chandler , pawnbroker , or some such lofty calling , insisted that there was notbing like golden ointment for healing a wound , and required Mr . Itil / lBK to name a sum Thereupon Mr . Mather , feeling himself

      impelled to take the course suggested by the guardian of England ' s honour , named the sum of five thousa nd pounds . Lord Malmesbuby made no ob ' lotion , and so the interview terminated . Lord jp MESBUBv then wrote to Mr . Scarlett intimating vl * , ! , EKS c ] : jim ' bat a & iing ther eto that ' Her - 'WEstr ' s Government considered that sum greater Jj utn ey ought to demand ! ' In a subsequent desc £ ' rd Maim 2 sbuby spoke of Mr . Mather ' s mV ' £ f * *> ' ad d" > g «» afc Mr . Scaklett . i u possible , to get five hundred pounds . It would

      PlovSk g « notethe ^ rarities of language emtki fli ? *^ r Majesty ' s Foreign Secretary , ' hut % di , l ? aaement is more than counterbalanced by fipirjT o ^ l ? i by ** Bhabb y' d 3 rty » Inhering 0 f ih * ^ oble lord . ' To abridge a W an !

      , C;Ren C!Reme The Liberty To Kno«R. To ...

      painful story , Mr . Scarlett wound up the negotiation by consenting to accept 1 , 000 francesconi ( about £ 222 4 s . ) , coupling therewith the release of two young English gentlemen named Stbatfobd , who had been in prison during some months for sympathising with the Tuscan liberals . In acknowled ging this settlement , Lord Malmesbury characterise ! Mr . ScAKtEii ' s tdtimatim as at variance with sound reason and equity ; but at the same

      time complimented him on ' acting to the best of his judgment ! ' Finally , Mr . Matheb having indignantly refused the ' practical atonement ' in the shape of tho thousand francisconi , and Lord Malesbtjby finding his * bargain' the subject of ridicule and denunciation in all the journals , turned round upon his instrument , disavowed Mr . Scarlett and his proceedings , and committed the affair to the hands of Sir H . Bulwer , to get his principal out of this precious mess—if he can .

      Throughout this affair Mr . Matheb sen ., has con * ducted himself as a man in whose veins & owa the true blood of his forefathers . On the other hand the socalled ' noble , ' the representative of the British Monarchy , the official guardian of British honour , has played tho part of a miserable , pettifogging panderer to the ruffianly power , whose myrmidom has spilt the blood of anEngljshman , one of whose countrymen in Florence at the time , states that being on the spot within five minutes after the ouirage had been committed , he

      found several large pools of blood covering the stone pavement , and his first impression was that a sheep or bullock , injured by some accident , had been slaughtered on the spot \ No sum of money , even £ 5 , 000 , could of itself be considered compensation for such an outrage . Such a sum might have been justly demanded by Mr . Matheb ; but , over and above that , our Government should have insisted upon the cashiering of the ruffian , and the most ample apology on the part of both Tuscan and Austrian Governments . The American Government would certainly have been satisfied with no less . Ah ! but there is a difference .

      America is not emasculated by the rule of an effete monarchy , and a worn-out aristocracy . Sho is not governed by those who judge everything by a money standard , and who , as Disraeli unblushingly reminded the Legislature , amid sympathising hear , hears , and ' laughter , ' are content , ' even in a matter which concerns their most delicate honour , ' to seek pecuniary damages in a court of law ! * Such is the custom of the country , ' and such customs have ever been premonitory cf a country ' s ruin . Better the times of ( ferocity and barbarism , when men to defend their honour , or avenge their wrongs , thought of but one means—the sword ; and when an insult offered to the humblest member of the community was considered an outrage upon all , and the government acted in accordance with that proud sentiment of the nation .

      But we have fallen , fallen , fallen ; and it is to be feared that only some terrible calamity , some dread struggle for national existence , will afford a chance for the restoration of the olden spirit , and even that may not avail ; for once on the downward path ef degeneracy , it is but rarely that even miracles can save a people from destruction . The case of Mr . Murray , condemned to death by the Papal Government , the infamous Extradition Bill introduced by Mat-msbury to serve the tyrant BONAPARTE , but subsequently abandoned , and the villanous combination with the * Holy Alliance' to rob Switzerland of Neuchatel , together with other matters connected with our Tory Government ' s foreign policy , I will treat of in my next letter . The friends

      of European freedom have great need to | he on the alert . 1 observe that on Thursday evening , in the House of Commons , that lying libeller of the Italian patents , the notorious Baillie Cochrane , denounced Mazzisi for what he termed 'sedition , ' and gave notice of bringing his accusations in due form before the House . Let every true man who values justice , and who does not yet despair of his country ' s honour , firmly resolve to stand by the political refugee ? , and , at any sacrifice , protect them from the assaults of such creatures as Ithls Cochrane , and those above him , who have shown too clearly that their sympathies are with despotism and the blood-stained foes of the rights and liberties of mankind . L'AMI DU PEUPLE .

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      '''Ju S ¦ _0. 9.7- Lofflob, Simm, Fh 19,...

      '''JU S ¦ _ 0 . 9 . 7- LOfflOB , SIMM , fH 19 , 1852 . ^ JKSSS ^ SS ™

      Society Of The Friends Of Italy. At The ...

      SOCIETY OF THE FRIENDS OF ITALY . At the first annual meeting of this Society , hold in the Music-hall , Store-street , Mr . P . A . Taylor in the chair , the following , araonc other resolutions , were adopted . Moved by Professor Xewroan , seconded by Mr . H . Gisen , A . M . : — That tlie recent alarming successes of despotism , civil and ecclesiastical , make it the duty and the interest of England to be read ; to incur sacrifices for continental freedom , and especially for the freedom of Home , winch lias been unrighteously overthrown Ly foreign interference , in order to keep up the temporal Papacy . Moved by Mr . George Dawson , A . M ., seconded by Mr . Shaeu : — That it is incumbent on the constituencies of Ibis country , on tlie eve of a general election , to be prepared to test the opinions of candidates with respect to the leading questions of our foreign policy and relations , and to require from them declarations on tlieae topics , as explicit as those they are in the habit of demanding on home questions .

      Mr . Dawson addressed the audience on this resolution in bis usual striking and happy manner . One of hia hits told vritb particular effect . Speaking of the pecuniary compensation , in the Mather case , and of the conduct of Lord Malmesbury in regard to that case , he compared England at tho present moment to a dog who first presents himself to be kicked , and then turns round to the kicker , holding a tin canister ia his mouth , that halfpence may he dropped into it . M . Mazzini , who was received with great applause , read the following address fi » m the Italian National Committee to the Friends of Italy ;—

      You have stretched a friendly hand to the struggling Italian people ; you have felt the righteousness , the sacredness , the importance of our cause ; and you have thought that tn feel it and to work for nought to be identical things to any enlightened man who believes in duty ; who . knowing that Wc is not merely thought or contemplation , but mainly action , for what mind and heart suggest us just and true . In the-mine of ouv oppressed ctnntry , and as the only recognised organ of the national Italian party , " we thank you . By jour friendly endeavours , by your sympathising meetings and writings , j-oui :: ire added courage to those who Struggle , Strength and consolation to those who suffer . You have , as far as it was in jour power to do so , weakened that feeling of solitude which is so bitter to those who are doomed to n , sht aad fall in darkness and silenre , without a word of praise , without a legend on their tombstone , saving to their snrrivo » s ' they fell for justice . ' You have rekindled—and for this your orm country must be grateful—that

      flame of mutualjlove and trust between our country andyours , which the systematically immoral and short-sighted indifference of your statesmen had nearly extinguished . You have sown in a soil , made fertile by the tears of the good and by the blood of the brave , better seeds © 'future union and alliance with England than can be done by protocols about Prussian rights , or free Switzerland , or surrender of French accused , signedin your foreign office with dying monarchies on rotten parchments of tuirly . eight years ago . Yours arc written on the heart of man with nations that are called , and wili , ere longi come to life . These endeavours , these collective and individual exertions of yours , may be sow multiplied , organised as much as possible on a v . ider field . Times are fast approaching in which , according to all human probability , the oppressed will appeal to their own strength against the oppressors , in which we shall want from you more than you can actually give , a decided efficient aeries of seta eaiisSag & esjinpathieB of all jovr nation and binding your "overnment to a less illiberal and un-English policj than the one pursued in 1 = 49 , when brave Hungary fell under Russian invasion official word from whenat

      without u single protesting England— , Home attacked in the foulest and most unprovoked way by France , Austria Spam , uudSaples we could not obtain any communication from tiieh'ritish ministry except the cold , gloomy , fatal one-you are doomed . For humanity ' s sake and tor tlie honour of England , vou must not allow such a policy to be renewed on the day of the ho ' v battle , when the crisis , of which 1344 gave only the programme sssig ^ aias pare the way for such a nobictnanifstaW » »* v ug j feSMfiKBKSMgSW-y ! tsb »^^ « 3 B £ S convicaon , in which the secretof ours-rength and of . W ^ f ^ activity lie j the question of Italian liberty is the q iesram « Eur . pean liberty ; liberty of the seul and of the body at ones , it

      Society Of The Friends Of Italy. At The ...

      sy * . ¦ : ¦ : ' « ' . CsrQv aataess , the universality of the aim constitute the inithtimr £ §&!*• »«? caUed ^ y Providence to ba the initiating ' pcon | ; Burope . We ffarojtoContend against the two heads of allTioH a ^ iamantooitty-toeEmperor and the Pope . V ? e cannot rise to alofefaon , free ; god . likelife . df ours , without hurling both Pone ind Emprcr to the dust '; whboijtyittcring at once a cry of genenl ' de otslve emancipation to man ' s ^ out wherever it breathe ? and awires " ahdacryof emancipation to-all ' the different races which are now trampled upon by that tyrannical / act which they call the Austrian empire . We cannot live without having Hungary Jiving * Wccan not become a nation without arousing the national fcelinainthe heart of German , Sclavonic , Ijatin , Magyar populations . There is nohfe for Italy unless the mad of Europe be re-drawn , tibertvof conscience for all—liberty of free-chosen self-government for allare , God bs thanked , implied'in the existence of our free indenen . dent itaiy . We feel this , and feel our struggle doubly sacred for it , 13 . mu 8 tuMPJre your countrymen with this grand feeling . The task is well worth the continuous efforts of the

      good . It will be ™» 1 ? . c £ essfu 1 ' amply repaid by the blessings of all mankind . You vnn « Sl'i * u asms cares an 4 wor £ ' UDfoId these Tiew >> which are ;„ T „ iS \ ° ? . Vour countrymen . You must tell your reli Kious agi-Sm £ ?™ "He ? is nothing but a narrow , hypocritical , sectarian SSJW is a collective , all-binding , all-hurmonislng ££ &* S ? . f £ ? 7 « eria « ing action-for good , wherever good £ ? t & ZX ytoto Qn mb up , God , the God of trothand iSSS ^ ft ™ ' » L i S faco - anu cannot 8 end lli 3 "easing spirit tCfir W ~ £ - ^ flpPoPMJM id < d-i not to bo overthrown at Maynooth , or m Exeter-hall , but in hia own seat at Romo : th : u to endeavour to spread bibl . es without spreading liberty ., the sole interpreter of the MWa-4 a *> strive after tho aim and to re S not ITS nnt ° h mUSt *» * " » I * 1 **™ ior P « Ms we shall not , and will not , have , peace , unless we have iustice that SfhSwrtSf ™ i ? " ^ m 3 tt * ? ebiev , . tQ" >« Bh war , the civilisation ot half the world , andmay achieve , through a single glorious , sacred tiattle ofrieht against brnfal force , the emancipating work on which

      a . one peace mm love cMi betov ever enthroned , " that the duty of every man is , first , to abolish war bv abolishing its causes-secondly , when war is racing throughout all Europe . bc tween the honest and the wicked , to side by the honest and conquer the wickedjby overwhelming farcss , to peace You must tell your Wan-Chester ant' -imhtia men that they will have to fight unsuccessfully agamstmiUtiabinsaudrestricttve 6 ysteras , orthreatening of systems , until th » y have , on one side , grounded British commercial libertv on buropeaa commercial liberty , inseparable from European political liberty ; and oa the other torn to pieces the source of perennial wars , the treaties of Vienna , andfouuded on justice and free contentment a real European equipoise ; that , out of this way , there is only one left—the one hitherto unhappily chosen by them—that is to isolate England in Europe ; that isolation for a nation is suicide ; and that , should England chose to follow tbera in such a directidn , she would hud herself , before twenty years have elapsed , and when the map of fcurope will have been redrawn , shut out of all sympathies , of all alhances , of all rights , of all markets . You must tell vour workiwr

      men not to fear that the agitation for international mastery should prove a deviation offerees from vital Internal questions ; that the very existence Of the actual cabinet sprung up after the establish , ment of Despotism in France shows how connected European ene . mies are ; that the death-blow to despotism and aristocracy on the continent would be a death-blow to British aristocracy , and . that the emancipation of the working cIreves is not a mere interest , but a principle / which is to be conquered everywhere or nowhere . We trust you for the fulfilment of this task . Trust us for the accomplishing our own . And may this mutual trust and active co-operatioa towards a single aim be the forerunner of that alliance that we have long dreamt of , for tlie general good of humanity , as of anatioual one between new-born Italy and England . Joseph Mazzini , ) Atmmo Smi , V Committee . MAfluHoOTECCBt , ) ilAOKlZIO QuAnuto , { » . „„ ,.-,.. CesabiAgostiwi , 'J Bewetem London , June 8 th , 1852 , Frequent cheering interrupted the reading of thts document .

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      France. Tfie French Government And Tlit ...

      FRANCE . Tfie French Government and tlit English Vress—Defeat of the Government— . The . Tyrant's Crimes — Secret Societies — Petitiojis for the Empire—Non-Jurors—The Orleans Estates . ( From our own Correspondent . )

      PabiSi June , 16 th . In my communication of last week I mentioned the fact , that the French GoYcrmnent had threatened the Correspondents of the English Press with oxpulsion . Mf they did . not cease their hostility to Bonaparte . In consequence of the representations of the British ambassador , Lord Cowley , the French Government have let the matter drop for the present . As a straw will serve to show the course of the stream , so are the most trifling occurrences important in the existing critical state of affairs in France . In the Corps Legislative , on Saturday last , tho government proposed that the new sumptuary laws should bo referred to tho commit : ee of the budget . The house , however , decided that the Jaws in question should be referred to a special committee . On

      a show of hands the government was beaten by a considerable majority , a result which occasioned an immense sensation . None of the papers here mention this defeat ! I have always held tho opinion that on the first defeat sustained by Louis Ifapoieon , the now cringing legislators will turn upon him . " Coming events cast their shadows before . " It is rumoured that the President is far from being satisfied with the clergy , for whom he had done so much . It is even said that he has thoughts of adopting a " liberal " policy , in order to gain tlie assistance of tbe Republicans to crush the Royalist parties . I need hardly say that they arc not to be so easily " done" by the hypocrisy of the brigand of December . Could the attendant atrocities of the com ^ j d'etat be for gotten , facts like the following would be enough for the

      workers : — The carpenters of Nantes having struck for higher wages , the military authorities placed a number of soldiers at the disposal of the masters . All who took an active part in the organisation were arrosted , and the money remitted to the carpenters out of work in the adjacent towns seized . Yet these robbers have called themselves a " government of the people . " At Perpignan , one of the places that suffered most from tho crimes of December , the wife of a man transported to Limbcssa died from miser ; and grief . More than 2 , 000 persons assembled to conduct her to the grave . To inspire terror in the minds of the population who had made this guilty demonstration , twenty-five men were conducted

      through tho town towards Lambessa . These unfortunates were , for the most part , prisoners of December released with tfieir certificates of "Bot Guilty ! " They had been arrested at their own homes in order to produce an effect on the town by their passage . What surety can there be in France until this abominable despotism be overthrown ? Louis Napoleon has loudly proclaimed that he has completely destroyed the Socialists and Red Republicans ; yet the government opposes the reduction of the army , because tliere are 63 , 000 affiliated members of . secret societies in the Hirault alone / Truly it is not without cause that some of the most rabid Bonapartista have formed an association for the protection of the " Prince President . " Cannot the " saviour of society" save himself ?

      Petitions for the establishment of the empire are now extensivoly circulating in tho department of the Basses-Alpes . At Baroelonetie , Seyne , Javie , and Turriers , a large number of signatures have been collected , It is said that the subscription raised for General Changarnier amounts to twelve thousand pounds sterling , but thai he has refused it . A letter from Valparaiso mentions the arrival in that port , on the 7 th of April , of the corvette Art 6 mise , commanded by Captain Page , Governor of the French establishments in Oceania . On tbe following day the Moselle , bound for the Marquesas , with MM . Gent , Longomazino , and tho other persons condemned to transportation by the court-martial of Lyons , also arrived there . They are accompanied by their families . Tha health Of both vessels was most satisfactory .

      Refusals to take the oath still continue to pour in , notwithstanding the exertions of the prefects to prevent them . It is affirmed that one of these zealous officers has issued a printed circular thus worded : — " You are informed that the oath must be taken with sincerity . "

      GERMANY . Determination of the German Government to Extinguish the Newspaper Prccj . —Dfjorminp ; of t / te Civic Guard of Hesse Cassel , d ' c . ( From our own Correspondent . ) Fbankvoei , Juno lo . The " Censure " will be abolished in Austria , and the Press Laws , forming part of the penal code , will be introduced in the whole Austrian empire on the 1 st . of September next . These Press Law * are so contrived as to give the government such power as wili enable them to gradually extinguish the Press altogether . " Caution-money " must be deposited as heretofore , and no new paper can be published without the permission of the Stadthalter of the

      pro-. You will not be surprised to learn , therefore , that the " Correspendenz-Blalt aus Rbhmen , " published at Prague , ceases to appear with the end of the month . A new regulation is that newspaper venders will be obliged to have a special license , which must be renewed every six months . The caution > oney is 10 , 000 fl „ 7 , 000 fl ., or 5 , 0 U 0 fi \ , according to tho population of the city or town in which tho newspaper appears . It will bereadily conceived that few will be induced to risk their money and their personal safety with such a lawless and unscrupulous despotism as the Austrian government . Indeed , none will do so , except such as are willing to be the vile flatterers of the existing tyranny . But thejAustrian government do not want a Press ; they

      France. Tfie French Government And Tlit ...

      could get on much better in the " good old times , " whe " they had no Press , except ' . h « goveinine-it org n , bto ? bring to the happy subjects of the paternal Kaiser the weekly account of those imprisoned and flagged by order of the military courts . Jt is true in those days the rest of the world looked upon the Austrian empire as a barbarous unknown country ; but it was not the business of the world tobe acquainted with the state of the Emperor ' s inheritance ; it was , and will again be , his fatherly care to prevent his subjects being tainted by the " subversive doctrines" of othsr nations .

      Prussia follows in the wake of Austria . A new law , imposing a stamp duty on newspapers , was promulgated in Berlin oa the 7 th of the present month . The scale varies , according to size and frequency of publication , from four silver groschen a year for each subscribed copy to two thalers fifteen groschen , or about 7 s . 6 d . Foreign journals pay a duty of ten per cent , on the price at the place of publication , which will be included in the subscription paid at the postoffice , the authorities of which establishment are the great news-agents . The German governments seem determined to extinguish the Vress . If they do not receive a check , they will attempt todestroy German literature altogether . Those who know this intellectual , ' people , will readily agree with me that the attempt will not be successful , and that the present system of compression will not be of long continuance .

      HESSE CASSEL . An order has been issued for tho disarmament of the civic and urban guards throughout the Electorate . SAXONY . The " Gazette " of the 9 th inst . contains an ordinsne . Opening a navf four per cent , state loan of 5 , 850 , 000 thalers '

      ITALY . Edward Murray ' s Ca « c— T / wj Neapolitan State Trials , Ac , tfcc , ROME . —According to tbe Roman correspondence of the Paris " Constitutionnel , " of the 4 th inst ., the same date as our own correspondence received and published on Saturday , Edward Murray " will probably be executed with his accomplices . " NAPLES . —The trial of forty-five slate prisoners is now being proceeded with . It is conducted about as fairly as state trials usually are in Naples , that is to say the charges are still pressed , notwithstanding scarce one of the numerous witnesses for the Crown have had the face to appear to verify in public the falsehoods they had secretly sworn to . to

      _ Oneot the most glaring instances of the means used incriminate the accused came out from a soldier , a certain Carpentieri , hrother of the celebrated paid denouncer of that name . He stated that on the Hth and ISr . h of May he had seen all the prisoners forming and fighting at the barricades ( one of the accused M . Leopordi was at Turin at that time . ) After this assertion a prisoner . M . Viscusi , rose and presented tho court with " a certificate of seivice , " signed by the colonel of this witnesses ^ regiment , and General Saluzgi , which proved that tho soldier Carpentieri , on the 14 th and 15 th of May ,, was on duty in tho barracks ! Tho court was obli ged to accept this document , because it was a military declaration .

      Another witness declared he had seen one of tho prisoners kill fifty Swus soldiers on the loth of May , whereupon the accused reminded the court that the official report stated that only forty-five Swiss had fallen on that day ^ . Such is the character of most of the evidence brought forwards by tho crown . Whether any or all of the accused under trial did or did not take part in the events of May ¦ wth is a question j one thing , however , is quite certain , that the means employed to prove their guilt is tho most degrading and illegal that could be employed in a court of justice . * PIEDMONT . —In its sitting of the 0 th , the Chamber of Deputies of Turin adopted the bill for the calling out 10 , 000 men of the class of 1851 , by sixty-nine votes to thirty-six .

      TUSCANY . —The Marquis Bartolomroei has boon exiled from Tuscany for a year , his sentence of imprisonment having been eommuted , after an inv # stigation which shows that he was entrapped , possibly by the police , into taking charge of forbidden papers . The murbte slabs bearing the names oi the Tuscans who foil in 1848 fighting against the Austrians in Lombardy , and which the government has removed from the church of tho Holy Cross , have been claimed by the municipality of Florence . Tho council remind tho government that the slabs were erected fct the expense , not of tha -state , but of tho citizens , and remain their property . Tho tablets , if obtained , will be placed in tho chapel of the civic counc

      SWITZERLAND . National Rally hi Kcwhatel . On the 7 th inst . the federal flag of Switzerland was brought from Basle to Nouehatel , and sot up with great ceremony at tbe latter place in the midst of a square formed of Swiss officers . The Major of the riiie corps of A ' ouchatel addressed tho officers , and called upoa them to remain true to the flag , promising that , if necessary , the Federal government would assist them in maintaining theiv independence . A largo crowd had assembled to witness the ceremony .

      DENMARK . The Danish government has refused to acknowledge , and has pronounced null and void , all the loans , whether forced or voluntary , contracted by the provisional governments which administered the affairs of Schleswig-Holstein during ] 848 , and until tho restoration of the authority of the sovereignty in the Duchies . This act has produced a great sensation , as the government of the Statthaltersohaft was recognised by the Frankfort Diet , and the stock was considered at Hamburg as legitimate as any upon the bourse . The patents annulling those loans are published by the Copenhagen journals .

      HOLLAND . The election for the partial renewal of the states general took place on the 8 th inst , In seventeen of the twenty-two constituencies the returns of it have come to hand ; the Liberals have triumphed ; in four the opposition have returned their candidates . ALGIERS . Letters of the 6 th inst from Bona state that th Ouled-Cams , a tribe in the neighbourhood of Ghelma , hav ° risen and attacked a camp of workmen , who were constructing a khan at Ain-Sotida . The camp was attacked at two hours after midnight . 4 cantoni 6 re and two soldiers of the 10 th were killed . Ghelma being unfurnished with troops was menaced by a body of a thousand Arabs . The militia were armed , and slept on the ramparts until military succour arrived from Bona . An engagement ensued between 400 sent in aid from Bona and tho Arabs , in which some loss was sustained on the side of the French .

      UNITED STATES . OUK AMERICAN CORRESPONDENCE . Op ining of the Democratic National Convention at Baltimore — Ohio Women's Rights Convention—Kossuth ' s Progress Reception of Meagher—Ravages of Cholera in the West—Fighting in California . ( From our oiun Correspondent . ) New York , June 4 th . The Humboldt will leave this port to-morrow . 1 have but li tie intelligence to send you likely to be interesting to European readers . The all absorbing question now agitating the American mind is the approaching presidential election .

      I have received b y electric telegraph the latest intelligence of the proceedings of the Democratic National Convention , for the nomination of candidates for the presidency , at Baltimore . It was opened on the 1 st inst ., when the Hon . R . 41 . Saunders , of North Carolina , was oppointed Chairman pro tern ., and the Hon . John W . Davis , of Indiani , permanent President . Both belong to the Douglas party . Young America hag it all her her own way . The success of Douglas is considered certain ; but no decision has yet been come to . An immense number of delegates are in attendance , and members of both Houses of Congrese are present in considerable force . Amongst the

      strangers is a member of your aristocracy , lord " VVharnoliffe . It would seem that , like his predecessor in the representation of of tbo West Riding of Yorkshire , Lord Morpeth , now Earl of Carlisle , Lord Wharneliffo is-desirous of obtaining a correct knowled ge of the Republican Society of America by mingling in the public life of our people . A Womens' Rights Convention was held at Mussilon , Ohio , last week . A largo number of earnest men and women wore in attendance , and the discussions were animated and protracted through several days . Resolutions , declaratory of the political and social equality of men and women , were adopted .

      Kossuth continues to be received with unabated enthusiasm . Governor Martin , of New Hampshire , has espoused his cause . You will find a correct report of his last great speech in that excellent journal , the " New York Tribune , " herewith inclosed , T . F . Meagher , tho Irish patriot , has also been enthusiastically received . The cholera is very prevalent in some of our western cities , particularly at La Salle , Illinois , and at New Orleans , where great numbers have been swept off by this scourge . Important news has been received from South California . A battlei with , the / Indians has taken place , and their chief been killed ,

      France. Tfie French Government And Tlit ...

      KOSSUTH IN AMERICA . GREAT SPEECH ON THE POLICY AND PROGRESS OF RUSSIA , Kossuth has been visiting several of the towns of tho State of ^ York . At Syracuse ho was received with great 2 cn : husiasm . An immense meeting in the part included 4 , 000 school children with their teachers . In the course of a comparatively brief speech , delivered entering the town , he observed : — " lYe are told that in some parts of Europe it is the custom when a cloud is seen which threatens a thunder storm , to ring ait the bells , that by tlie motion of the air the dangerous cloud be dispelled .

      may Ivovy , gentlemen , if it be true that the voice of tho people is the vejee of God the liwin a boll of tho voice of public opinion may become the opportunity that will dispel the clouds of tyranny on e . inh . ( Cheers . ) I thank you for your kindness , and hope you will go on ringing that bell , I , - Sive you ruy word that rov peop'e will add to that nngitw—tlie roaring of cannon , the rattling of muskets , and tto clashing of swords , to dispel the clouds of despo-* i «» 5 ' . g liot only ° » * J , IV Poor country , but overcloud many other nation , , and threaten to darken that rftmmli ? " ¦* " »» . <* freedom has heretofore shone unfift ^ ls the sk - JOT . country . Continue to 5 , nL a ' 1 Sentlo » en . vy e will uU the mring 0 { ( Ch"S ) " triUUipl 1 6 f Iibert 7 , nust Le sur

      At the meeting in the park he delivered a very lengthy oration , commencing with a happy allusion to the famous byracuse of ancient ; Sicily . ~'' Citizens of Svtacuse , remember the fcyraouso of old Canhase , one of the competitors for the dominion of tho world , as now Russia i . « . set up bv its influence Dyonisius the Tyrant to become king onr the republic of fair Syracuse , as Russia sot up Francis Joseph the Tyrant to he kingly murderer of Bui . gary . The represcntant oi poor Syracuse went to tho u . igh ( y and flourishing Corinth to claim prelection against violence , as 1 now claim protection against law-oppressing violence for Hungary from America-flourishing like Corinth , but a thousand times mi ghtier than sho was . Corinth granted the claimed protection to Syracuse . It lias not been nowertui

      armies she has thrown into the scale , but the prestige of her name and the renown of her energy represented bv the virtues and valour of a Timoleou and tho Republic o ' f byracusa was saved , and Dyonisius the Tyrant became schoolmaster in the same Corinth , which free , and therefore neither fearful nor jealous , grat . ted an asylum even to fallen kings and made them schoolmasters — & better and worthier possession than to wear a crown , well , it is no bad omen , gentlemen ; Francis Joseph may yet want an asylum also , though i scarcely believe that all the miraculous power of your republic can succeed to make him a good schoolmaster . Ko , the blood-thirsty ambition of that young tyrant , nursed by a wicked mother , herself a member of a society which unfortunately gains ground m America , professes all meai ; Sto be eood onlv

      attended by success . So , tho blood-thirsty ambition of that tyrant , not even tho penitentiary of Auborn could cure , though indeed he has more crimes to repent than all crimes recorded mail penitentiaries of the world . Ob , for that spirit of vigorous freedom , when Republican Corinth saved ancient Syracuse from kings ! Where will I find a Timoleon ? it I find no Tiraoloon , then I mav be excused from exclaiming , Would thou hadst grown old " ; thy progress is the decay of ago ; oven Republics are more what they have been of yore . Is not America a thousand times miehtier than Corinth was ? Yes , she is ; but it is not the number which makes the age . Athens had 20 , 000 citizens when she defended Europe against the countless hordes of Persia , and she had still 20 , 000 when Demosthenes Phortaneus counted them m the market-place as slaves exposed for

      saw . ino spirit had departed from tho number , and they became slaves , notwithstanding their commerce , their science and their arts Had Corinth more reason to fear the preponderance of Carthago , than all the world , and America within , have to fear the preponderance of Russia « Was there mora interest in the fact that over the Republic of Syracuse no tyrant should rule as a puopet of Carthagenian ambition than there is a universal interest in the fact that tne Hungarian Republic should not bo oppressed by a tyrant , tho tool and satellite of the ambition of Russia ? " To answer that question , let me explain the real bearing of Russian intervention in Hungary . A combination o ( several leagued powers can reduce to tho condition of comparative weakness even the strongest power ou earth . Without the law of nations there is , therefore , no sccuritv for nations .

      But tho European powers had Ion ? ago substituted for the rule of justice tho so-called balancing system—that is to say , the political . balance of power among nations . That system is iniquitous , because it is founded not upon the national right even of tho smallest nation to bo maintained in its independence , but upon tho national jealously of the great powers . With this syston , the independence of the smaller states ia not sure of right and by law , but only depending from tho consideration that tho absorption of such smaller states might aggrandise ono of the great powers too much . In this system , humanity is taken for nothing . Tho mutual jealousy of the powerful is all , and the implicit guarantee for the security of the weaker ceases whenever the powerful can devise a plan of spoliation which leaves tho relative forces of tho spoliators the sarao as before . It

      is thus tho world has seen tho partition of Poland—that most iniquitous , most tcderate spoliation the world has ever witnessed . Tbe balancing system would have protected Poland from absorption by one power , but it has not protooted it from partition between three rival powers , Formerly aeparateleagues between several states have been formed as a protecting barrier against tho ambition of a single powerful oppressor . In the case of Poland the world saw with consternation , a confederacy of great powers formed to perpetrato those very aots of spoliation which hitherto had been prevented by similar means . I therefore am certainly no advocate of this false system of political balance of power , and I behove the time will jet come when that idol will be thrown down from the place which it usurps , and law and right will be restored to its sovereign sway . But still I mav

      say it is an imperious necessity , for all the world in general as also for the United States , that something should exist to prevent tho mensurolesa aggrandizement of one single power , chiefly when that power is tbo mighty antithesis of your own Republic , as indeed Russia is . Either the law of . nations must have its full weight of authority or at least the balance of power must be redressed ; elso that power , ( Russia ) which already succeeded to command those governments which formerly constituting tho elements of the balancing power , counter-balanced her overwhelming preponderance , will , of course , become the master and arbiter of the world . And there we are already arrived at thig very point . Russian intervention in Hungary has not only crushed the law of nations , but has in the same time , beyond any measure , aggrandized the preponderance of

      Russia , and overthrown entirely in her favour tha balance of power on earth . There is the immense danger , gentlemen , the instinctive apprehension of which 1 ms caused that the sympathy of the WOrld hurst forth in a cry of universal indignation at Hungary ' s unwarrantable overthrow—at Hungary ' s unmerited fall . The petty cares of daily domestic concerns , and the carelessness congenial to those who feel content with theic present condition , have caused that the world looked at ; our deadly wrestling with two Emperors but as we look to a classical drama , interesting by the complications of situa * tion and by the heroism it displays ; the feelings of emotion were certainly engaged on tho part of the spectators of our terrible strife / aa they would be engaged at a skilful representation of the remarkable siego of ancient Syraousa

      and the heroic defence of its inhabitants against the mighty power of Marcellus , opposed by tho civic rulers of a despe « rate people , and by the devotion of Ai'ch mides employing the results of his scientific contemplations to the protection of his fatherland—however , it was hut tho emotion of anx « ious sympathy with which the terrible conflict in Hungary waaviewed . " After some allusions to the noble conduct o £ the Turkish government , he added ; " To appreciate wholly the danger of Russian ambition , we must well understand the special direction of Russian policy in its designs , as well as in its means . No man familiar with the history of the last one hundred years is ignorant of the fact that thu Czars of Russia take it for their destiny to rule the world . It is their hereditary policy , in which they aro brought up from generation to generation , till that infatuation becomes

      a part ot their character . To come to that aim of Russian power , having large dominions ia Europe and in Asia . Russian preponderance is also stepping forth with diplomatic skill and with arms , with protocols , emissaries anoT with war , in two directions , westward and eastward , against Europe and against Asia . As to Europe , after having completed her arrondieseracnt on the Balticher covert aim is partly direct conquest and partly sovereign preponderance—direct conquest so far aB the slave raco is spread , which tho Czars desire to unite under their despotic sceptres . To come to that aim , the house ot Romanous has started the idea of Panslavism , the idea of union of the Siavisb nationality—under Russian protectorate . Protectorate is always the first step which Russia takes when desiring to conquer . She has styled that

      ambitious design tho regeneration of tho Slave nationality and to blindfold those deluded nations that they may not see that without independence and freedom no nationality exists , she has flattered their visionary ambition with the prospects of the dominion over tho world . The Latin raca had its turn , and the German race had , and now it is tha Slavo race which is called to rule and to master the world . Such was the satanie lever of pride by which Russia advanced m thatambitious scheme . I will now not speak of the mischiei she has succeeded to do in that respect . I wilt only fix tho fact that tho ambition of Russia aims to the direct dominion of Europe so far as it is inhabited by the slave race . 1 he slightest knowledge of geography is sufficient to make it understood that this would be such an accession to tho power of Russia , that united under the iron rule of one man ' s despotic will , tho independence of tho rest of Europe , should even Russia prudently decline a direct conquest of it , would bo but a mockery ; and the Czar omnipotent over it—as indeed he is near to be already such

      —at least on the Continent . As to Asia , Russia is pushed to tho ambition of becoming the autocrat of it by a double consideration . Firstly , by the possession of its own immensely largo Asiatic territory , and of the possession of the Black and Caspian seas , the outlet of most of her rivers pointing out by their course tho direction for Russian comuifrce , industry and activity ; and secondly , Russia desires to become tho master of Asia , because ihsre la founded in immediate neighbourhood , and in tion to Russian interests , a mighty se » t of Anglo-Saxon , so mi g hty and so full of future , { even Russia kill by isolation the home power Islands , or even conquer them , either immediate of her good proconsulates , still her ^ dominion and even over Europe would be but a short dream as the Anglo-Saxon race threatened her very from Asia ; the wore , because now , you , the

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  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), June 19, 1852, page 1, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_19061852/page/1/