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Northern Star (1837-1852), 19th April 1845, Edition 2 of 3, Page 4, CENTRAL CRIMINAL COURT. Area, 12. — Thb ...

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    • THE NORTHERN STAti SATURDAY, APRIL 19, 1845.
    • Co $ttatttr£ Sc C0m<$ottirtnt&
    • Public Meeting at Manchester. — A public
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      S' A In ! Think Well Before Reply To The...

      in THE NORTHERN S ' lAty _— A gML 19 > l ^ t ^ " * , 1 11 ' ———^^^^ » . _ —— - _ _ __ _ __________ _____ . - I

      Central Criminal Court. Area, 12. — Thb ...

      CENTRAL CRIMINAL COURT . Area , 12 . — Thb Notcbiocs-Mwob ^ J ^ E "" Henry Pratt , agedas , ^* j £ Sii 3 * % ZSPVZ STS STiSSt of ten' & eas , ^^ feft fi & 55 § SSS # & be postponed to the May &** £ * „ , & by the woufd not g ^ t the request . » ^ 1 i o & in evidence , that the prisoner ^^ j i-SfasATaior ^•^^ ofXSS ^ cfH ^ kfrnd tna hehadjust arrived jm inuw- Chai 1 ng-Si ^ Scfle shou 1 d ^ nd for He afterwards S , TSeoue for „ 10 1 te which the proprietor aent to the bankers ' , and on his representation the

      cash was given to the messenger . A young man proved that he received the order from the prisoner , to take it to the bankers ' . He did not see him sign it Mr . Honlston , ofl-54 Strand , the publisher of the Horticultural Magaane , stated that the prisoner honoured him with a visit , when he represented that he was the son of the Hon . T . C . Harris , and that he had a brother in Somerset House , to whom he recommended him ( Mr . Houlston ) to send some numbers of the new publication , as his brother was partial to horticulture . Witness produced a paper written by the prisoner , in his presence , which bore a similar signature to that on the forged bilk The prisoner said that he was in liquor when he signed the document . Mr . Williams , the first witness , was questioned as to that fact , and he said , that the prisoner was not tipsy , but fully conscious of his acts . The jury , without hesitation , found him

      Guilty , and the court sentenced the " major" to be sent on duty at a penal settlement for ten years . Forseky A 5 n Robbery . —John Ashley and William Allen-were indicted for feloniously uttering a forged order ,--with intent to defraud Messrs . Kennard and Co . of six stoves . In this case John Ashley induced Ifilliam Allen to borrow a track in his father ' s name , on the plea of having something to bring home , and also borrowed his coat andiat to go to Greenwich fair in . They both went to the € ity together , and —shley-offered a boy ( Henry Cook ) fourpence if he would take an order , and the truck , and get six stoves iroai Mr . Kennard , and appointed a place of

      meeting after he had obtained them . Ashley made the boy pat on his apron , that he might look like a shop-boy . Mr . Kennard ' s managing clerk had had riniila- forgeries attempted before , and placed three stoves in .-the truck , sending a clerk after it , who fave the prisoners into custody at the place of renezvous . -Jn the intermediate time Ashley had had changod his cap for a hat , and his jacket for the coat he had borrowed . The jury acquitted William Allen , upoR . giving the above satisfactory explanation of his connection with Ashley , but found the latter Guilty . He-was sentenced to seven years' transportation . of

      Apbil 14- ^ hahge Cht _ Siealeto . —Margaret Doolan , aTespectably-dressed married woman , aged twenty-eight , was indicted for feloniously and know ingly taking and carrying away by fraud one John Swan , a child eleven weeks old , with intent to defraud thereof the parents of the said child . The second count charged the intent to be to steal the apparel worn by ' the said child . Caroline Swan , the mother , appeared with the beautiful infant in her arms ,. ahd deposed that on the day named in the indictment she had been walking with her infant , and on her way she went into the Spotted Dog , in Tottenhanveourt-road ,. to get a glass of ale . The prisoner , v & o was a stranger , was at the bar , and entered into conversation with her , and fondled the child .

      She proposed to treat her with the share of a . half-^ uarterh . Jcf rum . ' " She afterwards requested her to go and-deliver a message for her at a place where she 3 id not " -like to go ' herself . The prisoner said she would vrait . th ' ere and take care of the baby while she was gone . When she came back , the prisoner and ( mild were gene . Some time afterwards she met the prisoner in the street , and . aeeused her of stealing her baby . The prisoner indignantly exclaimed , " You ¦ wretch , what do you mean ? Ihavenochild of yours . " Witness was much flurried , and the prisoner got away . Subsequently she found that the prisoner ived in Crown-street , St . Giles ' s , and witness went there with a policeman . She knocked at the door , which was opehed-by the prisoner , and when she urged

      the restoration ofher child , the prisoner said , " Ion Wretch ; , what do yen want ? Ihavenochild ; " and drat the door in heriace . The policeman got in , and then the prisoner denied that she had any child but her own . When-witness saw the babe she knew . it instantly , and the clothes worn by it on the day it was stolen ^ ere found-in the room . Is certain as to the babe , and she madethe clothes herself . The witness was rigidly cross-examined by Mr . Payne , who claimed the child as belonging-to the prisoner . Mr . Payne addressed the jury , and observed that this was an extraordinary and difficult case , where two -women claimed the same child . The difficulty was , it was hard te imagine why a woman in the humble Elation of the prisoner . should claim

      a child not her own , and he could not suppose that the prosecution was grounded on fraud . It reminded him of the case where two mothers appealed to King Solomon to arbitrate between them . His lordship could not in this court . propose a similar ordeal , but the case must he decided upon the evidence , as it might preponderate . cnthe one side or the other .. He should call witnesses who would swear that the child belonged to the prisoner . —The prosecutor stated , m supplementary evidence , that she has been a widow three years , and that the child in question is illegitimate . —Mr . Payne then called Margaret Birdseye , who stated that she lives in York-Street , Westminster , and is cousin to the prisoner ' s husband , whose name is Doolan . Saw the prisoner

      on the Sth of February , when she was man advanced state of pregnancy . Saw her a fortnight after this , when she had a baby in her arms . Witness was present at the christening of the child , at St . Patrick ' s Chapel , on the 9 thnf March last . Witness and her husband were sponsors . Could not state the exact age of the child . —By the Recorder : I know the prisoner ' s husband has been dead three years . I am sure I can't tell who is the father of the child . ( Loud laughter . )—The jury , without amomenfs hesitation , declared the prisoner Guilty on both counts in the indictment . —The Recorder then pronounced judgment against the prisoner . He said no one could entertain the slightest doubt of the propriety of the-verdict . The offence of the prisoner was aggravated by the

      heartless manner in which she had planned and executed her stratagem , and the colonrmgshe gave toit , by the imblnshing declaration that the infant was her own . The court could not conceive a case of greater cruelty , and it would not be doing its duty to society if it did not inflict the fullest punishment awarded by law . The sentence , therefore , was , that she be trans ported beyond the seas for the term of seven years . — The prisoner appear ^ £ __? - _* fe V ^ g Ju d her doom , and fanlteringly expressed A wisu mat uie father of the child might be sent for . —The Recorder intimated that the case had closed , and his lordship ordered the clothes to be given up to Mrs . Swan , and that the l _ lestamoi _ toi _ pe _ 3 es be allowed for her

      trouble and conduct to bring the prisoner to the bar of justice . Exiexstw : Robheet by Sekvaxts . —George Taylor , aged 4 B ; T . Merrell , 19 ; Matthew flawes , 20 , - Saranel Hawkins , 18 ; T . Shepherd , 18 ; T . Sibley 18 ; and Richard Angle , 44 ; were indicted for steal in '' ten trusses of clover and meadow hay , value 36 s ., the property of Richard Dixon , then- master ; and William Banks , aged 28 , was charged with feloniously Keeivihg the same , well knowing it to have been stolen- ° The prisoners were arraigned upon five or six other indictments , charging like offences on other davs named . They all pleaded not guilty . After consulting with his cheat ' s attorney , Air . Clarkson applied to ihe court to allow Banksto retract his plea

      and confess judgment , by declaring hunseif guilty of all the charges . The Recorder saw no objection , and the plea of guilty being put on the record , that prisoner withdrew from the bar , and the trial of four of the other prisoners—viz ., ItowMns , An g le , Sibley , and Hawes , proceeded . The jury found Hawes , Dawkins , and Sibley Guilty , and acquitted Angle . The jury found Sibley and An ; le Guilty on the second indictment , and acquitted the other four prisoners . There bein g other charges remaining against them , the Recorder adjourned the court at five o'clock . Apbil 15 . — Feloniously Assatjltixg . — Samuel Smith was found guiltv of feloniously assaulting Wm . Sparks , a policeman , * by throwing a huge stone at and severely wounding hini . The prisoner bore a had character , had been several times imprisoned . Court

      and once transported . The sentence of the was that he should he transported for the tarn pi fifteen years . In the evening this prisoner was again placed at the bar , when his Lordship informed Mm that it was his intention to consult with the other Judges to see whether he should he doing right in lessening the punishment , but did not give bun the slightest hopes that they would alter his decision . SiEALEfo a Ride . —Two boys , named Callow and Mountjoy , each about twelve years of age , who were committed bv Mr . Broderip for horsestealing , were placed at the bar to take their trial ; when , after hearing the evidence , his Lordship said that it only went to prove the boys stole a ride , and not a horse , The Jury acquitted them , without requiring the evidence to be summed up .

      Sxeauso "Bask op Exglasb Notes . —Julia Jesse Payne , a good looking young woman , was indicted for stealing , on the 3 rd of February , in the dwelling house of Susannah Brown , a desk , three Bank of England notes for the payment of £ 5 each , and other articles , the goods and moneys of the said Susannah Brown and others ; and John Francis White , a well dressed man , was indicted for receiving the same , knowing them to have been stolen . The facts proved * n evidence were these , —the female prisoner had aved in-Qie service of the prosecutrix , but had left oetore t ^ commission of the robbery , which had been ^ ec ^ by entering the house of the prosecutrix at rfl = ^^ ^ J Bear to which a woman ' s footsteps were observed after the prooertv was missed

      Central Criminal Court. Area, 12. — Thb ...

      t « the course ofa month afterwards one of the stolen Stes ^ rt ^ kto have been *«***¦ £ the female prisoner , who was found living With the prisoner White , near the Hackney-road . The rooms were searched , and in that occupied by the female prisoner other property named in the indictment was found . In White ' s room , however , nothing belonging to the prosecutrix was discovered . It was proved , however , that he had been seen with Payne , pledging some of the stolen property . Mr . Doane submitted there was no case against the prisoner White . The Common Serjeant acquiesced , and directed an acquittal with respect to him . The Jury accordingly returned a verdict acquitting White , and finding the female prieoner Guilty . The Common Serjeant sentenced her to he transported for the term of ten years .

      The Northern Stati Saturday, April 19, 1845.

      THE NORTHERN STAti SATURDAY , APRIL 19 , 1845 .

      Maynoo-H. Ihe "Two Churches." The Desper...

      MAYNOO-H . IHE " two churches . " The desperate tenacity with which the profligate Whigs clung to power , until they had so far exhausted the national Exchequer as to render its longer possession unprofitable to themselves and dangerous to the nation , rather than an increased affection for or confidence in Conservative policy , or the Tory party , prepared the way for Sir Robert Peel ' s restoration to office . No sooner had the " state physician" who recommended himself to the sotice of his patient , been " called in , " than we

      discovered and announced that the Prime Minister was the representative of his party ' s / ears rather than -of their affections . The varied shapes in which "Whiggery was wont to present itself ; the grotesque forms . that it assumed ; its Protean policy ; its liberal theory , but crushing practice , had constituted it a kind of political hobgoblin—the bugaboo of commerce-t-the spectre that affrighted trade—the bogie that equally alarmed the Protestant baby and the hoary Jew : and to the desire-to destroy thisembodyment of everything that was childish . and feeble , cowardly and bold , concluding and incanclusive , Sir Robert Peel owes his present situation .

      He was perfectly aware that the nation would tolerate much in the successor of ihe Whig leader , but we incline to believe that he has stretched hope in that direction , beyond [ the nation ' s will to bear it . As long as he dealt with the mere estates of landed proprietors , or isolated bishopricks , he reconciled the sufferers to " a choice of evils . " His Church Rbforu was preferable to Lord Melbourne ' s "heavyblow and sore discouragement"Jaimed at the whole " Establishment ; and his " standard price of grain" was preferable to the " no-protection" to which the easy volley * f . Lord Melbourne was sure to lead . By these and such like means Sir Robert hung between the fears and anticipations of Churchmen and

      landlords ; and the Dissenters , the great majority of the nation , applauded him for the boldness of his measures . He had taken no step to marshal the fears of any one elass . to such an extent as would constitute it the opposition of a powerful interest . He might have divided the landed interests into Church prefer ments—and the great bulk of the nation would have discovered hut little difference between the old title of the deposed squire and the new tenure under which his successor held . But the magician has at last gone too far ! and although at the time we write the debate npon the second reading of his " Catholic Church Endowment Bill" is not concluded , we can nevertheless see the future shadow in the past , whatever the Parliamentary result may be .

      We say whatever the result may be—despite of Sir Robert ' s policy and Mr . O'Coxsezl ' s declaration that "the people of England are opposed to the Irish Catholics . " Had we no other rules to guide our conduct upon this great . and momentous question than those furnished by Mr . O'Conxell himself , and by the Irish Priesthood and the Irish Catholic laity , we should in them find ample to justify unbending hostility to the proposed measure for the endowment of another Church . We oppose it , not because we are Protestant , and object to Catholicism . - but we oppose it because it is Anti-Catholic . In the many struggles that the Irish Catholics have maintained against the Irish Law-Church , no weapon has been so available in their hands as the "

      voluntary principle , and powerfully have they been enabled to wield > it against their opponent The monastery was dilapidated ; ancient castles were in ruins ; the mansions of Catholic nobility were laid low ; the " round towers , " the ancient watch posts , and all that bespoke a nation ' s former grandeur was tottering ; while the gorgeous spire of each parish State church proclaimed the victory of the armed intruder . But yet that victory was tncomplete ! It required legions to perpetuate'it ; while the annual tribute , paid grudgingly to the conquerors , required a stringency of the law , the power of the sword , ihe terror of the transport , and the dread of

      the scaffold to uphold it . The honored crevice in the venerated rock , wherefrom the outlawed pastor dared , in the midst of persecution , to preach the doctrines of his faith ; the humble , and unostentatious , and oft unroofed chapel ; the modest cottage of the parish priest ; the devotion to his person ; the respect for his word ; the belief in his purity ; the confidence in his rectitude ; the certainty of his protection ; the consolation in his intercession ; and ihe very sanctity of his person , were foils to i he conquerors' trophies !! They were standards around which a confiding people in a confiding priesthood could rally . And it is to strike these down that the Protestant Minister

      and the Catholic " Liberator" have now conspired . It IS trrio the priest may be more " fashionably " educated ; it ? S frue $# * bis social position may be improved ; that Iris house may be largei ' , and better furnished ; that his living may be more luxurious ; that he may be on more intimate terms with the rival parson and the unbelieving squire : but when Ministerial danger or Protestant fanaticism shall threaten his flock with the double infliction of supporting two paid ministers , will he then be a popular leader equally to be relied on ? No . He will be the willing tool of a political Minister , used for the purpose of subduing those passions which he has so often

      aroused in defence of the Catholic religion . We agree with Mr . Gladstone , that this is but "the beginning of the end ; " and we tell Mr . O'Coxsell , that despite of his cry of English prejudice , fear has struck Mm dumb ! Ambition and an " itchy palm " have induced him to promise what he hasn't the moral courage to perform : and he cheerfully accepts the loop-hole furnished for his escape by the Protes tant Prime Minister of England . What place the English Voluntaries may hold in the " Liberator ' s " esteem , is now of little consequence . They once loved and trusted him : but the power they gave him has been abused , and they will find ample justification for distrusting aud despising him .

      As far as the battle has gone a popular will has been copiously presentedjo the House of Commons : and Sir Robert Peel may rest assured that whatever the " aye" or " no" fate of his measure may be , the English people , who are strongly opposed to the endowment of one Church , will not consent to have their industry taxed to furnish another arm to to the State . Let our Irish brethren rave as they may , we wait the slow but sure coming of that day when they will be able to "judge of the tree by its fruits . " We write for Ireland , and not against Catholicism . We remind them of the immortal Doyle ' s imperishable

      words — « THAT THEIR HATRED OF TITHES SHOULD BE AS LASTING AS THEIR LOVE OF JUSTICE . " And how much worse than tithe is the tribute collected from industry witiiout any account being taken in favour of the labourer ; while , to say the least of that paid to the Protestant priest , it is a charge npon the land . We remind " them of the princip les enunciated during the hot anti-tithe agitation in 1831 and 1832-that the grievance and the insult was as great upon Tim , who only paid a pound , as it was upon Pat who paid forty ; because each equally marked the injustice of a bad principle We remind them cf Mr . O'Connbu / s oft-repeated declaration , that if he wanted a doctor it was very hard to call npon his neig hbour to pay the fee . Sowe

      Maynoo-H. Ihe "Two Churches." The Desper...

      say of the present question . . If . Sir Robert Peel and the " Tjberator" have agreed upon some antinomical nostrum for Ireland , it is hard that the English people should be called upon to pay for the drugs . The debasement of the Irish Catholic mind , achieved through the fears and imbecility of their blustering leader , is Ireland ' s poor share of the Ministerial conqnest !

      " Voe yictis /"—( woe to the conqueror)—was the exultation of the Irish leader when the abasement of the Protestant Law Church , was the prize contended for : and well may Peel now say , "take the prize of victory , but Woe to the conqueror . " O'Connell may boasWbut Peel hits triumphed } Ireland may shout—but her people are humbled ! " I reland , " that was to be " for the Irish , " is to undergo a new partition ! A fraternised priesthood of opposing faiths are to have ihe fat of the land , and will equally endure each other's peculations—will equally bear and forbear with each other's caprices , while the one flock of the two shepherds will be lean , and naked , and hungry : and yet , with enfeebled tone and pal sied hand , will they throw up their caps , and shout , " God bless the salesman I "

      O'Connell may make merchandise of English hostility as long as he can hold the Irish mind in debased subserviency : but the improving genius of the country will teach the Catholic people of Ireland , that the principle , of " divide and conquer " i s the object for which the English Protestant Minister and the Irish Catholic " Liberator" are mutually contending . The battle of " right against might "—of the voluntary against the compu lsory system , has only just begun . It will speedily end , —

      when the Working Classes of England , already taxed beyond endurance , . understand that the present question but settlesthe principle ; that the details will follow in the " xdterior measures ; " and that their share will be , no matter under what feasible pretext it may be collected by a " fascinating financier , " the honour of paying tribute to Hie Catholic Church of Ireland , that it may be wielded by a future Minister as a political engine for the destruction of civil rights .

      National Organisation Of Trades. The Con...

      NATIONAL ORGANISATION OF TRADES . The conviction on the minds of the thmking portion of the working many , that the power and means at the disposal of the producers of wealth , have neither been so judiciously nor so systcmatica llyapplied as they might have been / , for the accomplishment of labour ' s redemption from the thraldom to which it is subject , is gaining ground on every hand . The fact , that , in despite of all the isolated efforts and struggles on the part of labour to maintain its position ; the fact , that in despite . of strike after strike ; in despite of the continual spending of thousands upon thousands of pounds ; in despite of the

      cheerful endurance of suffering , hunger , and want of every description : the fact , that , in despite of all these efforts , —not to increase the rate of wages , but to maintainthe rate only recently paid , —tlte object aimed at has been but in very slender part accomplished , has led to the entertainment of grave doubts that the mode of warfare hitherto adopted by the Trades , has not been the best calculated to ensure success . Respecting one fact , there can be no dispute : the progress of the labourer in the social scale has been a downward one , spite of his every effort to the contrary . His efforts to avert such fate

      have been unceasing and unending : but the efflux of time has found him in a lower position , and inclining lower still . His existence is spent in creating wealth abundant . He helps to create , not only heaps of the necessaries , but of all the comforts , the conveniences , and the luxuries of life . He sees plenty abounding on every hand . He sees the tax-eater wallowing in the fat of the land . He sees the employer make his way rapidly from the cottage to the mansion—from " shank's mare" to lolling in "his carriage . " He sees the huckster , —the man who trades in the produce of Air labour , —rise through the several gradations of station , until he " retires" with " a fortune ,. ' to spend the evening of his days in ease and comfort . He sees the number of those who live on the

      iaeourer increase on every hand—and their means of enjoyment seemingly increasing with their number . He sees all this ; and he aees , too , that Ms ovm means as constantly diminish— -that his fare as constantly becomes more " hard . " Labour , to him , instead of being the source of solace and joy , from the means it places at his disposal to bring up his family in credit and respectability , is a burden and a curse . - He has to pass through a joyless life , and dies an almost unlamented death . The summons of the " grim king of terrors" is looked on as a happy release from earthly suffering . And this is the lot of the labourer , after all his struggles to secure within his grasp the small amount of means which the system could once " afford" him out of the mass of wealth that his labour had created .

      Well might doubt be entertained as to the efficiency of the means hitherto adopted by the Trades for their own protection and mutual assistance . Not that those means have been wholly inefficacious , It is true that they . have not succeeded in preventingthe downward march of the labourer in the scale of comfort : but they have , at times , arrested that march , and caused it , for the time , to come to a "halt . " No one surely would have the hardihood to say that the efforts of the labourers themselves have

      accelerated their steps on then * downward journey to poverty ; and though it is impossible to say what the exact position of the producers would at this moment have been , had the operatives been entirely quiescent in [ the hands of Capital , and unresistingly exposed themselves to the forces that have " bowed them down , " still all must admit that their condition would have been far worse even than it is , had such a course of conduct been the rule . While there is room , and much room , for doubt as to

      the efficiency of the means employed by Labour to secure its due reward , seeing that those means have been , on the whole , attended with but very partial success ; yet it would be unreasoning and unreasonable indeed to deny that they have been of use . Whether the most has been made of the power in the hands of the workers is exactly the question : but he who says that all former efforts have been entirely fruitless and unavailing , is hardly in a condition to judge accurately of the future mode of proceeding to ensure the success all good men desire .

      To the real question , however , the mind of the workers is being applied . The facts that we have spoken of have induced thought and reflection ; have set examination and inquiry at work ; have produced the conviction that we speak of in the first sentence of these remarks . With that conviction has come action . The recent Conference of Trades ' Delegates was an attempt to give embodimentlife—reality , to that conviction . Knowledge cannot

      be hid under a bushel . Once let man become convinced that his mode of action is not the best suited to his purpose , and he will instinctively seek for a better . What is true of man as an individual applies to him in his collective capacity : and thus we see , constantly see , that as knowledge increases , the feelings , the motives , and the prejudices that once held the mind captive give way to others more comprehensive and more Catholic : and with the new views necessarily come in new modes of action .

      So with the Trades Unions of the present day . Past failures , where they have failed , have excited attention and inquiry as to the cause of such failures . That inquiry has led to the conviction before spoken : and that conviction brought about the meeting of Delegates from various parts of England to devise means by which the efforts of the Trades might be directed to a successful issue . Those Delegates assembled . They wisely contented themselves , —considering the amount of detail information they possessed , and the material they had in their hands , —with discussing and agreeing on general principles , leaving behind them a bod y to apply details to those principles , and to urge on the Trades generally cogent and satisfactory reasons for the course determined on . At the same time they pro

      National Organisation Of Trades. The Con...

      vided that the determinations of both , bodies , the Conference and the CoMuiTm , should not be binding without further and /« B consideration . They sought rather to initiate' measures for consideration , than to determine on ^ actual plans of operation . In this they ¦? acted both prudently and wisely . The object sought" to be accomp lished is a most important one . It can only be compassed by judicious , wise , and effective means . Such means , to be effective , must have general support . To secure that general support , they must appeal to the reason of the parties interested , and

      command their confidence . Without this confidence , aU efforts must be unavailing ; and even with it , it will be necessary that judgment and wisdom guide the councils , and prudence mark the steps of the " new movement . " To secure this , the Delegates provided that the plans of action prepared by the Provisional Committee , should be submitted to the Trades generally for consideration ; and that another Conference , one representing aU the Trades of En gland , if possible , should assemble on the last Monday in July , to consider , adopt , alter , amend , or reject the proposals thus made .

      In the spirit that animated the Conference m such decision have the Provisional Committee , since acted . They have entered on their onerous duties with a full sense of the important and sacred interests entrusted to their charge . They feel that a heavy responsibility is imposed on them . They seek to discharge their duty in all faithfulness to those who have confided in them . To do so effectually , they must have the co-operation and aid of the Trades themselves . Information on the subjects that most

      engage their attention will be needed , and ought to be cheerfully and freely supplied . Suggestions for practice , either in mere Trade regulations , or in the new direction sought to be given to the efforts of the producers for their own salvation , through the allocation of the " surplus labour" on the Land , will be of incalculable benefit : it will , therefore , be the duty of all who can so aid the Committee to impart their views without reserve . The task imposed on such Committee is a gigantic one : it is to prepare plans

      FOR consolidating the potter , and directing the energies of the Trades to certain general and individual benefit : and for the speedy procurement of Land whereon to erect "homes of the free" for the displaced "hands" in the machine-aided Labour market , where they shall enjoy independence , and , " living by the labour of their hands , " create a more " active demand" for the productions of their manufacturing operative brethren , and thus enable them to secure remunerative wages . This is what the Committee have to do : and to enable them to doit well , should be the determination of all who can in any wise aid them .

      Such aid is sought for by the Committee . Con scious of the deep responsibility that rests on them , they are wishful to prepare themselves with facts for their guidance . To this end they have issued the following Address : and we hope and trust that the spirit therein manifest will diffuse itself far and wide , and actuate all concerned to a proper discharge of their duty . TO TUB TRADES UNIONS AND WOBK 1 NG CLASSES OF

      GBEAT BBITAIN AND 1 EELANB , Fbiends , —Your attention is earnestly requested to a tew plain statements of the utmost importance to you individually and collectively . Labour is the source of all wealth ; yet the labourers , as a body , are the least wealthy—the most destitute portion of the community . Why is this ? From the want of wealth , or the want of power to produce it in abundance for all ? From neither . In the history of man never did there exist a nation richer than Great Britain at the present moment—either as to the real property it possesses in comparison with its population , or the scientific , mechanical , and industrial powers at its command .

      Yet , with this unexampled amount of accumulated wealth , and of powers for producing more , poverty is the lot of the working man through life . Numerous have been the attempts to amend this lamentable state of things , but in vain . Political agitations , trades' unions and strikes , have hitherto failed to remove this anomaly , or to arrest the downward career of the producing- classes . Is the evil therefore irremediable , or have the ' means heretofore adopted been inadequate for the object in view ? We believe the latter to be the true solution of the difficulty . Ifew and more comprehensive measures are imperatively required , based on sound principles—on a full understanding of the evils to be removed , and the causes which generate them .

      With these views , a National Conference of the Trades assembled in London on Easter-Monday , presided over by T . S . Duncombe , Esq ., M . P ., and composed of ninety-seven Delegates from all parts of England , After a full and deliberate consideration of the grave and important matters laid before it , that Conference agreed to form a new association , to be called " The Association of United Trades for the Protection of Industry ; " and to the principles and objects of that Association your most serious attention is requested .

      The Conference agreed , that " the great cause of the continuous decline of the wages of labour is , a redundance of workers compared with the existing demaud for their labour ; that until this discrepancy can be removed , its effects cannot be averted ; that the means formerly cmployed have faUed ; and that some other mode must be devised and adopted by which the surplus labour shall be absorbed , or kept out of the market , and an equality be maintained between the work to be done , and the number of those required to do it . "

      The Conference also agreed , " that the new circumstances ' created by the introduction of machinery demands a new course of action on the part of the operative classes . " It was seen and avowed that" while capital possesses the unlimited power of creating automaton workers , it is utterly impossible for manual labour , in its present position , to maintain a successful struggle against its aggressions ; " and it was therefore agreed , that " the working classes must , in future , summon to their aid those powers which have hitherto been principally employed against tbem ; that they must expend their funds in the erection of machines that will work for and not against them , and in the purchase or rental of land , whereon they can set to profitable employment the redundant hands , who , if suffered to remain in the labour

      market , would reduce the wages of the whole trade to which they belong . " These measures are proposed not to supersede , but to aid those already adopted by organised trades , It is proposed to render tlmn more effective by extending their sphere and operation . A general Union of Trades , for the purpose of regulating trades' matters and trades' strikes ; for collecting information and funds to one common centre , and thence distributing thorn effectually , was also resolved upon by the Conference . By means of this Union the united strength of the whole Association would be enjoyed by every individual trade in any case of strike or dispute with employers , An organisation so general and powerful would not only iu the majority of eases prevent the commission of injustice and the occurrence of strikes , but when they did unavoidably take place , would bring them to a speedy aud sueeessful

      termination . The Conference did not , however , wholly confine its attention to the measures which might be adopted by the Trades themselves , thti all-pervading influence of legislation on their condition was taken into consideration , and the turning of that influence in a beneficial direction was decided to be one of the principal objects of the new Association . Awave , however , that success in any attempt of 50 comprehensive a description , depends mainly on the degree iu which it is understood and sympathised in by the masses ; aware , also , that much loss and disappointment have been experienced in consequence of crude , ill digested , and hasty measures the Conference determined , that beyond the enunciation of these leading objects , it would not proceed .

      A Committee was therefore appointed , consisting of persons who have long laboured for the elevation of the working classes , with Mr . Buncombe president . To this Committee the Conference has assigned the duty of making known to the producers generally the objects of the new Association , and of receiving from all bodies of working men such information as to their position , wants , and opinions , as may enable it to devise practical and effective plans to be submitted to another Conference to be held in London on the last Monday in July next .

      For this purpose we now address you . We call upon all organised Trades' Unions to forward copies of their rules , and such other information as may be of service to the Committee in the performance of its onerous duties . To the trades not now organised , it is earnestl y recommended that they take immediate steps to effect that purpose , and put themselves in commuuieaiion with the committee . Mere local or sectional efforts will not lift the producers from their present inferior position . The attempt must be made on an extensive scale . The principle Of Union must be more generally acted upon . YVe must have " a long pull , a strong pu % and a pull altogether . " Never before did any attempt of this description commence under more favourable auspices .

      Labour will , in future , have a fearless and well instructed exponent of its wrongs and its wants in the legislature—a faithful and experienced guide in all its peaceful and legal efforts . Workingmen ! Are you prepared to take advantage of these new and powerful auxiliaries to your cause ' WiUyou be true to yourselves , and as one man raUv round the new standard thus erected ? It requires but an enlightened , ' united , and practical effort , to achieve your emancipation . ; Are you ready to make it ? - " ~ " ~

      National Organisation Of Trades. The Con...

      ¦ Workingmen ! Think well before you reply to these questions . Those of you who' may answer in the affirmative , must make up their minds to patient , persevering , and long-continued efforts . The effects of oppression and unfavourable social conditions , are not to be removed in a day . A spirit of determined aud unshrinking perseverance is essential to its accomplishment . Workingmen ! In the Union to ' which we invite you there is nothing of aclass , or sectional nature . We desire hut __ . _ , ,, ... . ..... -i .. *« tv , a . »

      to create no invidious or antagonistic spirit in society ; simply to pursue , by fair , open , and peaceable means , a course which shall give to the operative classes a fair participation in the wealth they assist to create . With politics , as party politics , we do not meddle . The social and industrial position of the labourer , and the means by which it may be improved , are the great objects at which we aim ; and we invite the co-operation of good men and true , not only among the working , but all other classes of society . ¦ ¦

      Signed , on behalf of the Central Committee of the Association of United Trades for the Protection of Industry , T . S . Duncombe , President . April 12 th , 1845 . T . Babbatt , Secretary . N . B . —Communications to be addressed to Mr . Barratt , Office of the Central Committee of United Trades , 30 , Hyde-street , Bloorosbury . Now , then , with Hie Trades tU matter for the presmi rests . There is in the above Address matter for much

      thought and deep deliberation . Let the Trades seo to it . Let them examine the whole question thus placed before them , in a calm and forbearing spirit . The days of passion and rant are gone by ; the days for practice have come : sober , sure , honest practice . This alone can be of service . It is the interest of the Trades to see that safe and efficient plans for such practice are prepared . To this end they should address themselves . Let them do so without delay , and aid the Committee with all information . Then may we hope for the success of an effort for the Regeneration of Labouk .

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      John Avild, Burt.—We Have Been Pained, A...

      John AVild , Burt . —We have been pained , at seeing the effort made by some party or other to embroil the Nortliern Star with the Trades now on strike at Bury , Hitherto we have refrained from speaking on the subject , from a fear that we might possibly do harm to the cause of the turn-outs : but the importunities are so pressing that we are , in amanner , obliged to explain our actual position in relation to the turn-outs , It is not true , then , that we have re / used to insert the statements of the turn-outs , or to aid them to the best of the means at our command . So far from this being the case , we have gladly inserted all that our arrangements would enable us to do . It is true that on one occasion our Reporter , Mr . Wm . Dixon , who is regularly

      engaged to attend meetings of working men , sent us a report of a delegate meeting at Bury , which he had attended and taken ; but it came to hand so late in the week that the paper was just ready for press , and it was impossible for us to insert it at length . We did with the report ill that we co ^ d—inserted from it what appeared to us material to serve the men . The report came to us in two batches ; and with the second came a note from Mr . Dixon , written in Manchester , saying that he had heard that one of the strikes was all but over , aud that a considerable number of the hands had returned to work on reasonable terms . This note we also inserted . It turns out that the information conveyed to Mr . Dixon was not correct the strike was not over . This circumstance is the

      only hinge that we know of , on which the party publishing circulars have hung their charge , that "not even the celebrated Star" has " represented them fairly" —which statement we beg to tell them is not fair to us . If we have not "fairly represented" them , it has not been our fault . We had and have every disposition to aid them by the publication of all the / a « ts we can collect : and we did so , as we invariably do in every such case . We are at the expense ofa reporter to attend meetings of the trades that desire publicity ; and we have inserted reports of hundreds of meetings that nobody else would mention . How then , could the parties in Bury , who have published as above , get it into their heads that wo were disposed to " weekly mis-represent" them ; and why did they designate the Star " a

      TiireHnsr press ! " The Star may not have been able to do themaU Hie good it could have wished : but it has done its best . It has inserted of their proceedings whatever it could : it will still continue to do so , notwithstanding the little exhibition of petulance with which its efforts to serve have been met . A Wouker at Mk . Gardner ' s , Preston . —We are obliged by his attention . The report he named we have looked out for , but have not seen . Perhaps it may have appeared in some of the local papers . If it has , we shall be glad to receive a copy . If not , we sb . aU be glad to publish any report that cau be furnished . ¦ Charles Fox , SuTTON .--The process is very summary if he does not quit after receiving legal notice . The magistrates can order forcible possession to be taken .

      J . Wild , Middleton . —Unless there be a special agreement to the contrary , six months' notice must be given to quit a yearly tenant ; and the notice must expire on the day of the month on which he took possession . If there be no such special agreement in his ease , the notice he speaks of is not sufficient , Matthew Scott . —We fear his letter would do uttle good if published . Lord Londonderry is to be reached only through the pocket . When we get the "Reckoning Commission " sent forth by authority , to know why and how Die lands and the minerals have got into so few hands , there maybe a chance of " making our own " of Lord Dunderhead . Till then he will be but an unprofitable subject , Jouy Kemp , Polkstone . —The advertisement in the last Star showed where the " Lectures to Farmers on Prac .

      tical Chemistry" was published , as wen as the price . The publishers are Taylor and Walton , 22 , Upper Gowerstreet , London ; the price is 7 s . 6 d . J . Elms , Newton Abbot . — If he has had his papers direct from the office in question , and they have neglected to forward to him the plates , he will be justified in refusing to pay till his claim for the number he speaks of is satisfied . J . Rodney , Dbotlsden . —The complaints he makes are not fit for the columns of a newspaper . They relate to points of practice in a . society of which he is a member ; let him there try to get the alterations he suggests introduced .

      J . N . Daventby . —We think not , but are not over confident . D . C . Gkegobt , Cabrington . —The first ' thing in instituting an action for slander is to employ an attorney . The cost of such a proceeding no man can calculate . It will mainly depend on the amount either party , or both , to the action have to lose . As long as there is a " shot in theloeker" thelawyers will fire ; when the ammunition is spent "justice" is soon satisfied . J . P . Colhnoton . —We cannot advise him . We know nothing of the Venezuelian Emigration project that would induce us to recommend it . _ We advise all to " look before they leap" into any emi gration project whatever .

      John Shaw , of Gloucester-street , Commercial-road East , London , would be glad of a communication from Mr . Bernard M'Cartney , late of Liverpool . A Poor Subscriber , Newcastle . —His "long residence " has not gained him a settlement . He is liable to be removed to his parish—and most probably will he , if he is " chargeable . " Mr . Stubbs , Macclesfield . —We thank him for his communication . Mr . West and Mr . Benioxb , Macclesfield . — Mr . Hobson fully expected to hear from these gentlemen on Tuesday last , in accordance with their engagement . They know that Mr . II , went out of his way to servo them ; and their part of the engagement should have been fulfilled . Mr . H . expects to hear from them

      without further delay . To Agents . —If our agents would attend to their business a little better , they would greatly facilitate ours . We generally get more letters from them on the Friday than on the Thursday . Those agents who do not post their letters , so as to arrine hire on the Thursdat , must take all consequeuces of delay , or wrong numbers being sent . This is particularly the case with our Scotch agents' orders , most of whieh arrive after their papers have left the office , and then , the following week , we receive a host of letters from them about not attending to their orders , while the neglect is their own—and letters from subscribers , disappointed at not being able to receive their papers in proper time . ALL LETTERS TO ENSURE ATTENTION , MUST BE HERE ON

      THURSDAY , Parties sending post-office orders , or cash , to this office , ought to be careful to write something in their letters , so thatwecantelhvh osendstliem and what they intend us to do with the money We have four or five agents who never write a word more than the address of this office on the outside of the orders We are partialto short letters , when on maters of business ; but these are rather too short . If asri ^^ -,, ^ ' gn tMr ™ mes , it is ail we ? w I ' i Cy , VlU n 0 td 0 that ' th (* must expect that ? 0 % l e ™ . sometimeSbe 01 'editedto thewronS "gents . To correct such errors afterwards takes much time in writing for all particulars , besides the risk of the per-, T „ s ^ n S the money losing it altogether . From a lecent alteration m the post-office order department , it is impossible to ascertain the name of the person sendwithout

      ing , writing to the post-office where the order was first obtained , or to the general office . Several of our agents do not care to make their oiders payable at 180 , Strand . We have this week received orders payable at the General Post-office from Arthur Carlisle ; Woodburn , Chorley ; Traverse , Prescott i Thompson and Co ., Darlington . If they wouldbut ask to have their orders made payable at 180 , Strand thev would oblige Several of our agents ' address'S orders to Mr . Hobson . They would save us much time and themselves disappointment if they addressed them to the proper person . ' ¦ ' ^^ - .- ^ 2 T . GOODE KETTEBING .-The agent has got into ow debT and will not pay . . . . . { b ^" - Mb . Tosh , Abbboath , must send his order ' to Mr ^ Mvi « of Dundee . A . ifa M yles has to pay , he is the ^ son to receive the . order , and send it to this office , hewdlthenkuowwhatpapers are being seatonhisae- '

      John Avild, Burt.—We Have Been Pained, A...

      M » , J . It . U . Baibstow ,. Leicester . —His letter has " just been handed to Mr . Hobson , by Mr , Wheeler , it was but just then that he had laid down , after perusiii g for the first time , the letter from Stafford to which Ur-B ' s communication refers . Mr . Hobson has been absent from toudow a considerable portion of the last three weeks ; atleeds , Huddersfield , Manchester and Ashton , During his absence the letter in question was received and it was put into his hands for the first time this ( Thursday ) forenoon . He has seeu nothing of tae former letter Whieh Mr . Bairsl 6 w says has been sent to him ; and if he had , the request was oue that he could not have complied with . Though he does not deem it necessary to publish the letter from Staf . ford —( baring given publicity to all that was Hn __ T 11 H . RikHHTOW . LEICEBTEE . —His latter V . —

      in explanation of a statement that appeared in the St ^ —and this letter opening up new ground of quarrel , in . volving other parties )—he cannot accede to the request mude by him to send the original" or even a copy « j Leicester . Such a course of conduct would be utterly indefensible , unless those making such request were by both parties , constituted a tribunal to hear and de ! cide on the matters in dispute . J . M . Th obp , Walworth . —The J " . members of the ioca . Iity " have no cause to be "dissatisfied" with the omission of the object of their meeting , unless they wish to subject us to the payment of advertisement duty while we have cause to be " dissatificd " with them flr him in not sending their notices in time , according ( o the notice we have inserted so often .

      MONIES RECEIVED BY MR . O'CCmOR . FOR THE EXECUTIVE . £ s , ^ From Coventry 0 2 5

      SUBSCRIPTIONS . From Kilmarnock 0 ¦ ) 0 From Carrington 0 2 2 From Arnold ,. 0 1 3 VICTIM FUND . From Carrington 0 2 i MJNCOMDE TESTIMONIAL . A Wigan operative , per T . II 0 1 0 MRS . DUNCAN . From a few persons at Mouline-a-Vapeur , per David Reid 11 )« FOR MESSne . PATEBSOJf AM } XOB 1 SSON . Antony Arrastead and Richard Troudlove , Blackburn 0 19 8

      RECEIPTS PER GENERAL SECRETARY . SUBSCRIPTIONS . S . d . 5 . 'I . Clock-house , West- Northampton , old minster .. ,, 3 0 locale * 2 6 Camberwell .. .. 3 0 Halifax 19 Penzance .. .. 2 10 Deu-sbury .. .. Hayle 2 0 Littletown .. .. 16 Marylebone .. .. 4 0 Birstall 0 7 Bloomsbury , J . North 1 0 Hebden-bridge .. 4 3 j Do ., C . Page „ „ l 0 Bradford » ., 8 t Do ., T . cortield „ o G Sowerby Ifelm „ 2 3 J Brighton 3 0 Lower Warley ,. 2 9 Trowbridge .. .. i . D Coalsnaughton .. 3 9 Alexandria , Vale of Tillicoultry .. .. 16 Leven 10 0 Southampton .. .. S 9

      HBVT . Southampton , G . Gouk 0 G Coalsnaughton .. ,. j ; . ( j Brighton 7 0 Tillicoultry .. „ 5 g Hebden-bridge .. .. 15 5 SomersTown .. .. ig 0 Lower Warley „ ,, 2 3 Ruffy Ridley .. .. 0 ti DOSATIOS 8 , Brighton 40 Ashton-under-Lyne , J . Wilcox !! 1 0 ACCOUNT BOOKS , ifcc , Wakefield , account-book ( ,, 40 Hebden-bridge ' * j . 0

      Delegates to the ensuing Chartist Convention are hereby informed that it wiU assemble on Monday , April 21 st . at the Parlhenium Assembly Rooms , St . Murtin ' s-lane , at ten o ' clock precisely . All localities not able to be rcm-eseuted by Delegates , are requested to send their views and sentiments , addressed to the President of tlie Convention at Mr . Wheeler ' s , 243 J , Strand , THOMAS MARTIN WHEELER , Secretarv .

      Public Meeting At Manchester. — A Public

      Public Meeting at Manchester . — A public

      meeting 01 the inhabitants oi Manchester , was held in the Carpenters ' . Hall , Garret-road , on Tuesday evening , April 15 th , 1845 ,-for the purpose of considering the grievances under which the Tailors , as a body , at present labour . And also to petition Parlia ment for a Select Committee to examine into the sanatory condition of the Tailoring trade . The spacious hall was well filled with a highly respectable audience . At eight o ' clock Mr . Alex . Lewese was unanimously called to the chair . He briefly addressed the assembly upon the importance of the SKbject which they had met to dismiss , and introduced to the meeting Mr . J . Clark , to move the first resolution . Mr . Clark said , the resolution which he had been willed

      on to move was to the following effect : — " That in the opinion of this meeting , the alarming state of the Tailoring trade , brought about by unprincipled competition , is such as demands the immediate attention of the public ; inasmuch as certain master tailors have departed from the original mode of employing their workmen on premises under their immediate direction : instead of which , clothes are now made up in the humble habitations of the workmen , who are compelled , from the low wages they receive , to live in the most denselv populated and ill-ventilated districts , exposed toal ! the contagion and ravages of disease . The meeting therefore earnestly appealed to the public at . large , to she

      their support to those employers only who have ail their work done on the premises , as a safeguard against the contingencies that arise from the present system of out-door labour . " Mr . Clark , in a neat speech , seconded the resolution . Mr . Munclon , from Jersey , in an eloquent and able speech , supported the resolution . Mr . Eames followed , delivering an able address , iu which he exposed the horrors of unprincipled competition . The chairman then put the resolution , which was earned by acclamation . Mr . Steward moved the adoption of the following petition , and that the chairman sign it on behalf of the meeting . Mr . Leach , of Hyde , in an able speech , seconded the motion : —

      To the Honourable the Commons of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland in Parliment assembled , Humbly Sheweth . —We the undersigned , being journeymen Tailors of — -, are desirous of laying before your honourable house a statement of the sanatory condition of our trade , audits consequent effects upon public health and morals . Your petitioners beg to inform your honourable house , that originally it waa the custom of master tailors to employ all their men on their own premises ; butof lateyears a great portion of them have departed therefrom , and now give their work out to be made in the humble habitations of their workmen , whereby the health ot those so employed is greatlv imnaired .

      their morals affected , and the lives of her Majesb ' s subjects placed in great jeopardy , through diseases arising from this source , which spreads contagion to a most appalling extent . The above system of out-door labour has called into existence a certain class of persons who act as middle men , and are vulgarly denominated Sweaters , who take out Large quantities of work , and in order to secure a large per centage , employ persons in the last stage of destitution , at . the lowest possible wages , from which the employer or the public at ha ^ c receive no advantage . The invariable practice of these middle men is to obtain the cheapest habitations in the lowest neighbourhoods , generally crowded and unventilated , and employ men and women in the

      same room . Tour petitioners are prepared to prove before a committee of your honourable house , that ladies' and gentlemen ' s garmeuts are made in rooms that are neither clean or wholesome ; the said rooms being used as a work-shop , bed-room , hospital , and kitchen ; neither is there anything more common amongst this elasgofhome-workei-s , than to see the mother and children confined to their beds with fever , cholera , small-pox , oi- other infectious diseases Your petitioners venture to affirm that garments made in such places cannot escape infection , thereby directly transferring the disease to the body of the wearer , w ! . o would never suppose for one moment 11111 ion

      . coma- might possibl y be carried into the most fashionable boudoirs from the most squalid of garrets . Another serious and most appalling evil , whieh is the inevitable result of this system of home-working , is its immoral tendency , as from the indiscriminate employment of young men and women or . the same garment , and m the same room , their habits become degenerated . This system also creates a most flagi-ant violation of the laws , both of God and man , by causing a profanation of the Sabbath dav ; as there is nothing more common , from the facilities winch home-working supplies , than for persons E 0 employed to work as regular on Sundays as other ( . Id . j $ »

      « . n « f ™? ldbe mposuble in this petition to detail even a traction of the miseries produced by this svstem otliome-worlang . yourpetitionei-s conclude by stating tliat they have no desire to dictate to employers as to the manner they shall cany on their business , many o » whom , though respectable , are ignorant as to the way m which their work is made up , through the instrumentality of their middle men and others ; but your petitioners humbly conceive that any matter that aftcctsthe health and morals should receive due consideration from the legislature , with a view ;? i , ; 1 ! i , r ° V t ^ e present baneful svstem , by wiucii your petitioners and the public at large are great sufferers . r i , x Yo"r , ? cti , tioners therefore humbly pray that your honourable house will be pleased to grant a committee to inquire into the sanatory condition of the trade , and its _ effects upon nublic health and morals

      tne same to be reported to your honourable house with a view to devise such means as vour honourable house in its wisdom may deem neecssarv to the pro-ESS « + ^ ° a « d wholesome workshops , by the master tailors of the United Kingdom , thereby S ! flC 1 ' Majesty ' s subjects from the dangers ansing irom the present system , and your petitioners mj , uty bound w 111 ever pray . the petition was carriedunanimously . Mr . Parker SS ij < l Mr . Shaw seconded , "That Mai * i'miiins , Esq ., and Milner Gibson , Esq ., the members for the borough , be requested to present and support the prayer of the petition . " The motion , ^ V , ;™ I 'ru ¦& ** ? ' Br ° therton , was earne STv Iy - T ? e tha ^ ks of tte meeting were then ffZt /¦ ? f ^ f the Executive . The thanks oHhe meeting to the chairman closed the proceed

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), April 19, 1845, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_19041845/page/4/