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Northern Star (1837-1852), 18th October 1845, Edition 2 of 4, Page 7, PIG FEEDING. In fattening pigs, I have a...

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      Ocxobeb 18 > 1845. The Northern Star. 7....

      Ocxobeb 18 > 1845 . THE NORTHERN STAR . 7 . : ' — ¦ - mi ¦ imiim ' bt ^ r —^ 11 mi ¦¦ r ^« n—rr ^^ a a ¦ ...... . _ t ^

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      " And I Will Vrar, At Least In Words, (A...

      " And I will vrar , at least in words , ( And— -should my chance so liappen—deeds ) , With aU who war with Thought !" " I think I hear a little bird , wrho sings The people by and by will he the stronger . "—Btros

      Statistics Of The Society Of Jesus. (Fro...

      STATISTICS OF THE SOCIETY OF JESUS . ( From the Constitulionncl . ) A very interesting book has just appeared at Leipsic upon the present organisation of the " Society of Jesus . " The author , who has deemed it prudent to conceal his name , announces , in the introduction to his -work , that he lias only obtained the majority of the documents of which he has made use at considerable sacrifices , which he thought it his duty to make in order to be certain of their authenticity . The first part of thc book contains an expose of the rules relative to the noviciate , the system of instruction , and the mechanism of the religious observances prescribed by the statutes . The second part relates to the internal organisation of the society , and publishes the hierarchy , of which body all the members are classified , from the General , who holds absolute power , to the lowest brother , charged with the most menial domestic duties .

      The details furnished by these two parts of thc work consist of the republication , or the publication , of the " constitutions" of Ignatius Loyola , which a recent edition , published in 1813 , has submitted to the notice of France . The third part is especially interesting at thc present period , aud thc information which it divulges relative to the condition of the Society of Jesus , in the various countries of the world , has never yet been published in so complete a form . It contains facts and figures , of which the following is an abstract : — The various establishments of the Society of Jesus are comprised under the following rubrics : — 1 . Thc " professed houses , " which possess neither estates nor fortune , and in which live in common the Father Jesuits the professed members of the order .

      2 . The " residences , " which am establishments of less importance , and which have a right to possess property . 3 . Trie " houses , " properly so called , which are experimental establishments in countries into which the society has tried to penetrate . 4 . The " missions , " which are only formed by isolated Jesuits , employed to sound the soil , and to keep the General constantly acquainted with any favourable circumstances tbat may present themselves . A mission , by the adjunction of new members , gradually merges into a " college , " or a seminary of the society , a noviciate establishment , or a residence . The " seminaries" are special establishments , in which the society gives theological instruction .

      As to the members of the society themselves , they may be divided into three great classes , —! , the priests , amongst whom are included all the professed members ; 2 , thc scholars and novices ; 3 , the brothers employed in domestic services and the worldly business of the establishment . ] ] In 1626 , 86 years after its foundation , under its sixth General , Mutius Vitelleschi , the society numbered in Europe 29 provinces , viz ., — -4 in Italy , 2 in Sicily , l in Sardinia , 5 in Spain , 5 in Prance , 3 in Belgium , 1 in Scotland , 1 in Ireland , 5 in Germany and 2 in Poland . Out of Europe it had founded * 3 residences in Turkey , 2 provinces in the East Indies , 1 in the Philippine Islands , 1 in China , 1 in Japan , and Sin America .

      Tb » sc provinces included 803 establishments in thc year 1626 , and 060 in 1610 , thus classified : —20 professed houses ; 222 residences ; 51 noviciates ; 43 seminaries ; 542 colleges ; and 71 missions . The instruction of youth was then almost everywhere in their hands , ' by means of the colleges . They had 108 of them in Spain , 79 in France , 01 in Germany , 36 in Belgium , and 20 in Poland . Thc number of ths members of the society amounted in 1826 to 4-5 , 493 ; of whom 13 , 369 were stationed in the provinces of Europe . Spain included in her tcrritorv 2 , 962 ; Germany , 2 , 233 ; Italr . 2 . 2-50 ; France , 2 . 15 G " ; Belgium , 1 , 841 , & c . Those who resided out of Europe were thus distributed : —510 in thc East Indies , 128 in the Philippine Islands , 30 in China , 140 in Japan , and 1 , 316 in America , Mexico , ^ Ncw Granada , Peru , Paraguay , Brazil , and Chili .

      In 1710 ihs Jesuits possessed 612 colleges , 157 2 ^ ensionnats , 59 noviciates , 310 residences , 200 missions , 80 professed houses , and they ruled in SO universities . In 1749 they had S 9 professed houses , 669 colleges , 61 noviciates , 176 seminaries , 335 residences , and 273 missions . Thc personnel of tbe society amounted to 22 . 589 members , including 11 , 239 priests . The documents relating to latter years are not so complete . On the suppression of the order by Pope Clement XIV ., in 1773 , tho greater portions of these fragments was destroyed , and those that may be still extant are kept with groat care in the archives of the Court of Rome .

      It is known , that in spite of th . 6 Papal bull , the society of Jesus continued publicly to exist in Russia . Between the 18 th General , L . Ricci , who died on the 23 rd of November , 1775 , two years after thc suppression of thc society , and the 19 th General , Thadueus Brzozowski , elected on the 2 nd of September , 1805 , in consequence Of the hull Of Pope FlUS TIL , re-CStablishing the society , ihe records of the order register four other chiefs , who succeeded each other during that interval , with thc title of " Vicars-Ge neral in White "Russia . "

      It is now forty years since the society was officially l'C-oreauised . Its progress was at first slow and stealthy ; it silently insinuated itself into the various states of Europe ; and endeavoured to take root there under a different name from that of the " Society of Jesus . " Towards the close of " the Restoration it began to raise its head , and to adopt bolder methods of allurement , when the revolution of 1830 came , and ruined its schemes . It then extinguished itself once more , in order to allow the storm which then growled to pass over ; but it soon regained its courage , and it now openly proclaims its original intention to reconquer all the territory that it possessed in the days of its splendour . The check that has just been administered to its ambition in France by the firmly expressed will of the country could neither discourage it . nor cause it to renounce its plans . It is a struggle

      which will be prolonged under a different fonu . It is , therefore , interesting to know , with exactness , thc numerical strength which the Jesuits are employing at the present moment in France and other countries , and to ascertain , by authentic statistics , their most recent progress . The society has now no longer thc forty-four provinces , 960 establishments , and the 22 , 000 members that it could proudly enumerate in the 17 th and 18 th centuries . But its power is increasing every year ; it is scattering its seeds in all directions , and it indulges in sanguine hopes that time will fructify them . In and out of Europe the Society of Jesus at present possesses fourteen provinces—those of Rome , Sicily , Naples , Turin , Spain , Paris , Lyons , Belgium , England , Austria , Germany , Ireland , Maryland , and Jlissouri .

      On the 1 st of January , 1833 , it had in those provinces 173 establishments and 3 , 067 members ; on the 1 st of Januarv , 1841 , 211 establishments and 3 . 565 members ; and on the 1 st of January , 1844 , 233 establishments and 4 , 133 members . Thus , in the space of half-a-dozen years , there has been an Increase of 60 establishments and 1 , 066 members ! In 1844 this increase was still more rapid . In the seven provinces of Rome , Sicily , Turin , Spain , Paris , Lyons , and Belgium , the only ones whose advices have alread v arrived in Rome , the order has received , between the 1 st of January , 1844 , and 1 st of Januarv 1845 , 394 new members . The receptions had , moreover lately become so numerous , that Father Hothaau ' Genevalof tlic order , thought it necessary to allay this fever of increase , and pointed out its dangers to all the provincials in a circular dated March 1 S 45 ' __

      , . _„ , ,. ., . „ ,, The province of Rome numbered in January , 1 S 41 , 601 Jesuits , and 702 in January , 1815 of whom 2 C 9 were priests , 201 novices , and 232 brothers . It is in Rome that the General of the order resides , and there also , are concentrated thc principal establishments The society has there its most important professed house , as well as ; a college for the special purpose of training priests for the necessities of Germany . It has also there a college and a residence composed of 49 priests , 69 novices , and 42 brothers , a , noviciate , prooerly so called , composed of S priests , SS novices , and " 30 brothers ; a noviciate of the third degree - , a noble jnnsiotuiat , and a seminary in which

      missionaries are trained for the society , for the propagation of tlie faith . The other establishments of the province of Rome chiefly consist of colleges , through the medium of which the Jesuits are masters Of the instruction Of youth . Such are the colleges of Camerino , Fano , Faenza Ferrentino , Ferrara , Fermo , Forli , Modena , Spoletal Tivoli , Orrieto , Loretto , and Verona . Since the commencement of the current year ( . 1845 ) they have opened a . college at Tenice , another at Parma , and are on the point of iransfomung into a eobVe the mission oi ifalta . They have besides , a grand noviciate at Verona , and residences at GaSoro Brescia , and someother cities of thc Roman

      ^' province of Sicily , which included 251 Jesuits inJSIlIiiowpossesses ^ T ? . " Thejmnapdesta bgs & r sans <** £ && ^^^ W ^^ B ^^^^^ E ^ HB for the most part containing 15 , 000 or 20 000 ***» ianto . They Wresiden ^ at Tenum . Trap ^ and Masai , a house upon Monte Albano , and missions In Albania and the fele of Syra . results in Theprovince of-Naples numbered 258 *»? t ? jF 1841 and 2 ? 9 in 1844 . Their principal otaMiJ-

      Statistics Of The Society Of Jesus. (Fro...

      ninety-eight Jesuits ( thirty-two priests , thirty-six novices , and thirty brothers ); the noviciate of Sorrento , the noble college of Naples , thc college of Salerno , that of Bencvento , and that of Lecce . In the province of Turin the number of the Jesuits increased between the 1 st of January , 1841 , and the 1 st of January , 1845 , from 3 * 9 to 428 . They have in Turin a " noble" college , another college , and & pcnsionnat , including- 81 Jesuits , of whom 31 are priests , 31 novices , and " 19 brothers ; a professed house at Genoa ; noviciates at Chiari and at Cagliari ; colleges and ;> ensio ) wats at Aosta , Chambery , Genoa , Cagliari , Xiee , Novara , Sassari , San Remo , and at Yoghera . Since tho commencement of the year 1 S 45 a new college has been opened at Massa . The establishments of tlie province of Spain have been disorganised by thc political events of which that country has been of late years the theatre . On the

      1 st of January , 1845 , there were 113 Jesuits disseminated in Spain , more particularly in the dioceses of Toledo , Seville , Pampeluna , and Valencia , of whom 50 were priests , 6 only novices , and 57 brothers ; 96 Jesuits , belonging to the same province , of whom 45 were priests , 32 novices , and 19 brothers , had retired into other countries . The province of Spain possesses a residence andacollegeat Niville , in Belgium , and a residence at Aire , in France . It had , in 1841 , at Buenos Ayres . a mission , a residence , and two colleges , including 24 priests , 12 novices , and 14 hrothers . These establishments have since been dispersed . It lias also residences in South America , Paraguay , Uruguay , La Plata , Brazil , New Granada , and Chili . The most important ones are the residence of Cordova , and the college and the noviciate of Bogota , which contain 11 priests , 5 novices , and 6 brothers .

      The province of Paris is composed , with Pans , of the northern part of France . On the 1 st of January , 1841 , it included 291 Jesuits , and as many as 420 on the 1 st of January , 1845 . In Paris itself they had a residence and a seminary , containing 23 priests and 10 brothers ; at St . Acheul , a noviciate and a residence , in which there were 15 priests , 20 novices , and 14 brothers ; residences at Stvasbuvg , 6 priests and 2 brothers : at Angers , 10 priests and 3 brothers ; at Bourses , G priests and 3 brothers ; at Quimper , 0 pricstsand 4 brothers ; at Mete , 10 priests and 3 brothers ; at Nantes , 8 priests and 4 brothers ; at Vanncs , 7 priests and 3 brothers ; at Lille , 5 priests and 2 brothers ; at Licsse , near Laon , 6 priests and 3 brothers ; at Poitiers , 6 priests and 2 brothers ; and at Rouen , 6 priests and 2 brothers . They had , at Laval ,

      a r . oviciate and a seminary , containing 77 Jesuits , of whom 28 were priests , 35 novices , and 14 brothers . At Issenheim , in the department of the Upper Rhine , they possessed a residence and a noviciate , created a short time since , and which contained , on the 1 st of January , 1845 , 7 priests , 9 novices , and 12 brothers . As the colleges are not open to them in France , they have founded one on the frontiers of the kingdom , namely , at Brugelette , in Belgium . This college is dependent on the province of France , and contains 19 priests , 35 novices , and 11 brothers . The province of France has still 19 Jesuits , employed on a mission in Granada , and 8 in China ; and it possesses , in North America , two establishments , in which are collected 19 priests , 35 novices , and 11 brothers . These are the noviciate of St . Mary and the college of Louisville , in the state of Kentucky .

      The province of Lyons includes the southern part of France . It contained 290 Jesuits in the year 1841 , and 446 on the 1 st of January , 1 S 45 . There were at that period the following residences—namely , at Lyons , " 18 priests and 10 brothers ; at Aix , 6 priests and 4 brothers ; at Bordeaux . S priests and 5 brothers ; at Dole , 13 priests , 13 novices , and 9 brothers ; at Grenoble , 6 priests and 3 brothers ; at Marseilles , 8 priests and 5 brothers . There were at Toulouse a residence and a noviciate , 16 priests , 21 novices , and 16 brothers ; a residence , and a house of

      thc third degree , at Lalouvcse , 7 priests and 4 brothers ; a noviciate at Avignon , 13 priests , 1 novice , and 4 brothers ; a residence an ! a seminary at Vals , 25 priests , 5 S novices , and 13 brothers . The province of Lyons had also 89 Jesuits in Africa , of whom 17 were priests , 4 novices , and IS brothers , distributed amongst the residences at Algiers , Oran . and Constantino ; 22 missionaries in the East Indies , at Trichinopoly , in the presidency of . Madias , and in the island of Madura , on the North-oast of Java ; 10 in Syria , and 6 in Madagascar ,

      The province of Belgium is one of the most flourishing at the present time . There were 319 Jesuits in 1841 ; there are 472 in 1845 . Thc noviciate of 'f ronchiennes contains 120 , of wham IS are priests , SO novices , and 31 brothers . Thfey have colleges at Alost , Antwerp , Brussels , Ghent , Louvain , Nainur , Liege , Tournay , and Kattwyk ; residences at Bruges , Coiirtray , and Mons ; missions at Amsterdam , thc Hague , Nimcguen , " Dnsseldorf , and in the state of Guatemala in America . The college of Brugelette belongs , as we have already informed our readers , to the province of France ; and thc college of Nivelle to the province of Spain . The province of England numbered 140 Jesuits in 1841 , and 164 in 1814 . They have in that country 33 establishments—houses , colleges , residences , or s / nrrfe missions . They show thentsel ves less openly in

      England than in other countries ; the colleges and the residences do not bear , generally-speaking , the names of the towns lu which , they arc situate , but the names of saints only . Thus , there arc the colleges of St . Ignatius , St . Aloise , the Holy Apostles , St . Mary , St . Michael , St . Stanislaus , St . Hugo , St . George , St . John the' Evangelist , St . Thomas of Canterbury , the Immaculate Conception , < fce . Their principal establishment is the college and seminary of Stonyhurst , in thc county of York , which contains 20 priests , 26 novices , and 14 brothers . The province of England has 20 missionaries at Calcutta . The English Government extends its protection as well to them as to the Protestant missionaries , when they are capable of furthering abroad its commercial views ,- and it is even assisting them ( the Jesuits ) at the present moment to found a new college especially destined for China .

      The province of Austria and Gallicia contained 268 Jesuits in the year 1841 , against 310 in the year 1844 . Their principal establishments consist of the college and the noviciate of Gratz , the college and the noviciate of Starawics , the colleges of Linz , Inspruck , Tarnopol , ^ feusandeck , and the " noble " college of Lemberg . The province of Germany includes Switzerland as well as the hopes and the exertions of the society in thc German states , exclusive of Austria . There were in this province 245 Jesuits in the year 1841 , against 273 in tbeyear 1844 . Thecollege , noviciate , and pensionnat of Friburg in Switzerland , contain 134 Jesuits , of whom 44 are priests , 60 novices , and 30 brothers . They have at Bricg , in the canton of the Valais , a college , a noviciate , and apensfomiat , which

      contain 11 priests , 32 novices , and 17 brothers , besides colleges at Siom , Estavayer , and Schweits . The civil war has thrown open to them the gates of Lucerne . There were several Jesuits in the kingdom of Bavaria , in the year 1841 , but the , accounts more recently rendered appear to be incomplete . In Dresden , the confessor of the last King of Saxony was a Jesuit , who died at thc commencement of June , 1845 . But whilst awaiting the period at which it may be able to undertake anew the conquest of Germany , the influence of the Society of Jesus is exercised upon that country through thc instrumentality of the German college which it has established at Rome , for the purpose of , there forming secular priests , destined to be disseminated in Germany , in Hungarv , and in Switzerland . Between the years

      1822 and 1812 , 125 priests educated at this college were stationed in the various countries of Germany , and 64 in Switzerland . They are there as devoted instruments or advanced guards of the society . The vice-province of Ireland numbered 63 Jesuits in the year 18 il , against 73 in the year 1844 . They possess ' in Ireland the collegesof Clongowcs , Tollabcy , and Dublin . They have recently established a second "house" iu the last-mentioned city . The province of Maryland includes the establishments of the society in Columbia , Maryland , Massachusetts , and Pennsylvania . The most important consist of the college and the pensionnat of Georgetown , in Columbia ( 15 priests . VI novices , and 26 brothers ) , and thc noviciate of Frederickton , in the state of Maryland . Since the year 1840 they have further founded at Frederickton a college and a mission . The other establishments are rather

      points of observation and ioundations for the future . Thus , in Columbia , there are the house and the mission of Alexandria ; in Maryland , the houses and the missions of St . Thomas , Newtown , St . Inigoes , Bohemia , St . Joseph , and Whitemarsh ; in Massachusetts , thc college and the }> ensionnat of Vigorno ; in Pennsylvania , the house and the mission of Philadelphia , Goschcnhoppen , and Conewago . The province of Maryland contained 109 Jesuits in 1841 , against 121 in the year 1 S 44 . The vice-province of Missouri includes the establishments of Louisiana , Missouri , Ohio , the Rocky Mountainsand adjoining countries . It possesses

      , the college and the pensionnat of St . Louis , and the college of St . Charles , in Louisiana , the noviciate of St . Stanislaus , in Missouri , and the college and the pensionnat of Cincinnati , in Ohio . There are , in these four establishments , 101 Jesuits , of whom 29 are priests , 37 novices , and 41 brothers . The remaining establishments consist , for the most part , Of missions , composed of one or two fathers ; the most considerable is the mission of the Rocky Mountains , which is composed of five priests and six brothers . The number of Jesuits , which amounted , in 1841 , to 94 , had increased , in 1844 , to 139 , in thc province of Missouri .

      On examining the above statistics , which arc detailed at much greater length in the tables jroni which we hare compiled this summary , it will be seen that the success of the Society of Jesus has been constant of late years in all its provinces ; everywhere has it conquered fresh territory—everywhere has it either extended or consolidated its power ; but the most marked progress is that which the society has made in the provinces of Paris and Lyons , and those above given which precede them far exceed certain confessions that the Rev . Father Ravignan condescended to make in his book on the Jesuits .

      The principal object of the efforts of the Society 01 Jesus is not , in these modern times , the conversion of pagans And Infidels ; it has not now , at it had two

      Statistics Of The Society Of Jesus. (Fro...

      centuries ago , more than 2 , 000 missionaries in the Indies , iu Japan , and in America ; prosclytism in distant countries isnow little more than a commercial speculation—an affair of pounds , shillings , and pence . Tlic "Association for the Propagation of the I ' . iith " paid , in the year 1844 , the sum of 330 , 092 f . 32 c . to the Society of Jesus for the services of the 134 priests , 30 novices , and 61 brothers that the latter consented to devote to the service of the missions amongst the infidels . The field of battle which the Jesuits have chosen in the 19 th centurv is Eurooe : —Europe ,

      which has shaken off the yoke of papal domination , but which the Army of the Pope , as the Society of Jesus proudly entitles itself , would rivet by newly forged chains to the feet of the Pontifical throne ! Such ( errorsexcepted ) is the position of the Society of Jesus in the world . We believe that there is hardly anything changed in the provinces of France . The fathers are there divided into small groups ; they are neither less numerous , less active , nor less wealthy ; and their apparent dispersion has become , with the Government , a pretext for inclining still more towards thc clergy .

      Spanish Revolution. [From The Tyne Mercu...

      SPANISH REVOLUTION . [ From the Tyne Mercury . ] It is now becoming tolerably clear that the present state of affairs in Spain cannot long continue . Narvaez is following in the wake of Espartero ! The causes which at last wrought the sudden downfall of the last , are at work to produce the same catastrophe for his rival and successor . The people of Spain are now beginning to be more disgusted with the present dictator than with his predecessor . The army alone retains its allegiance ; but it is believed that allegiance is in many regiments beginning to waver . If * it once gives way—which it is likely soon to dothc audacious General , who rose with all the sudden brilliancy of a rocket , will "fall like the stick , " and " good night" to Narvaez !

      What ( the readerwill here exclaim ) is the meaning of these strange and anomalous scenes ? We see a country , split into sections of parties bearing strange names . We see " Progresistas , Moderados , Christines , Carlists , and Exaltados . " We sec the form and name of the Government changed year after year , and yet we see no one party in power which seems to be efficient , in the least , to heal tlie divisions and dissensions by which this once happy , realm is torn to pieces . , This is the grand enigma ; this is the marvel ; this is the mystery ; and unless some explanation can be given of this , it is useless to talk about Spain at all .

      Of this sort of remonstrance , if made , we fully admit the justice . We admit that without such explanation , the affairs of Spain are a disagreeable and disgusting puzzle , where much that is revolting is mixed up with all that is bewildering ; and where tbe ups and downs of the actors remind one more of a grotesque puppet-show than a scene of actual life . Thc explanation required , however , we shall attempt to give , and thus it is : — Spain has , from the time even of the Romans , been inhabited by a peculiar race , whose origin Is Involved in mystery . They were probably of that tribe called "Celts , " by which France , Germany , Great Britain , and Ireland were at some remote period peopled , and which still exist in Ireland , in thc Highlands of

      Scotland , and in Spain , without much admixture of other races . They all have the same national features ot distinction . They are an excitable , fierce , and war like race ; dividing themselves into clans or small divisions ; cruel in their wrath , and chivalrous by nature ; leading the pastoral life , fond of poetry and national ballad and song ; but destitute ol the commevcid and acquisitive spirit , and all agreed in one thing , viz ., always to keep arms in their hands , and never to suffer their rulers to oppress them with fiscal regulations at variance with their inclinations and habits ; nor with taxes , which they will not toil topay on any persuasion . This was in olden time the . state of Scotland and Ireland ; but , in Spain , this is the position of affairs to this hour . No monarch of Spain , not even Charles V ., could ever really subdue this national trait of the Spanish people . Divided as they are into various tribes , having slight differences in manners and language—in this they all agreed . They

      adhered resolutely to their "Fueros , or privileges , the chief of which was , not to pay any taxes save a snudl given sum , which they collected themselves , and handed over to Government . A people acting th-is way were really alway s free , HO mattOF loT tllO FOIIU of their government . Charles the Fifth was , in name , absolute , lie dispensed with " the Cortes , " or ancient Spanish parliament , ' but he could raise no extra-revenue in Spain , and was really powerless . The provinces governed themselves by their ancient laws . The Church , which was immensely rich in domains , took care of the poor , and invariably backed thc people against thc meditated encroachments of Charles , Philip , and their successors . Hence came the bigotted attachment of the Spaniards to their religion . It could not be otherwise . The Church was , intact , not only teacher of the faith , but feeder of the poor , and an invincible ally of . the people , against the designs of arbitrary monarchs , who would have Hecced both .

      Dad it not been for the discovery of America , and the conquest of Peru and Mexico , the monarchs of Spain never would have been powerful in Europe . For some centuries , however , they derived immense revenues from these rich colonics , especially From Peru ; and from these sources it was that Philip thc Second fitted out his " armada , " and threatened even England with subjugation . When this source dried up , the Spanish monarchs became poor again ; and when the colonies at length revolted , and Spain was at last over-run by the troops of France and England , tho Spanish treasury was empty , and thc king a bankrupt .

      This brought about the introduction into Spain of tho "Funding System , " which then was in full flower here , and shortly after was so in France . " Loans" to an immense extent were borrowed under English influence , and it is this DEBT , and the direful consequences of it , which have destroyed all succeeding Governments in Spain , and which will continue so to do , until it shall itself be destroyed . No matter what the form , or what the kame of the'Government , Espartero or Narvaez , Christine or Moderado , Whig or Tory , against this rock they must all split . The brave , wise , and resolute Spanish people will neither submit to pay taxes , nor to have their Church pillaged to pay a parcel of unhanged Jews and usurers , whom they cordially detest . This is the

      resolution of the people of Spain—of the men who till the land , tend the immense herds of cattle and sheep , rear the beautiful vineyards , and weave tllOSe fleeces , and ferment those wines , that exceed in fineness those of all ether countries . In the towns and cities there are a class , noisy and worthless , who have supported the existing governments from hope of gain , or love of undefined change ; from these men most of the troops are raised , and they serve as long as the pay lasts , but no longer . The real determination of the Spanish people is , however , we repeat , to suffer no government long to exist that is opposed to the Fueros and the Church ; and this determination will shortly wreck the present wretched

      Camarilla that rules in Spam . Narvaez was obliged to give up the pillage of thc Church in order to get power ; but he has retained the debt , and his troops must be paid , or down he goes at once . Hence the desperate efforts of Senor Mon , his Finance-minister , to collect tribute at the bayonet ' s point ; and hence that spirit of resistance which is now about to wreck this Government , and which will wreck every other that shall tread in its steps . This is the secret of " Carlism , " which merely means the recognition of a Government that will destroy the Jews , and preserve the Fueros and the Church ; and nothing short of this will ever ( or we are much mistaken ) produce even a twelvemonth of quiet in Spain .

      " Annexation" in India . —We have more than once warned our readers that it would be found a matter advisable and necessary to " annex" the Punjaub ; that is to say , the rich territory of the late Runjeefc Singh , to our already pretty extensive "Indian empire . " This " annexation" —which in India is quite , as it seems , an allowable thing—is about to commence . The last Indian news is that the young and feeble boy monarch of Lahore , Ghoolab Singh , has applied to the British for " protection" against his unruly troops and not very orderly subjects . This "protection" is to be kindly granted . To a good neighbour one can refuse nothing . An army is accordingly now on the hanks of the river Sutledge ; and the next thing we shall hear will bo

      that it has entered Lahore , and taken possession of the young king ' s territories by way of " protecting " him . This is the precise way in which all our Indian " annexations" have been performed ; and when the king rebels , as at last he must do , ho will be deposed , and his kingdom added to the dominions of the droll company in Leadcnhall-street , who are such good hands at grasping ! Tho possession of Lahore will again bring us in collision « itk Candahar and Afghanistan ; and the end will be a third march to Cabul , and a second towards Herat , where we shall , at last , cross bayonets with Russia , m propria persona . This is the assured ^ end of these proceedings i awl we may as -well record them before happening , as after . —Tyne Mercury ,

      Tub Game Laws.—Abominable Conviction.— O...

      Tub Game Laws . —Abominable Conviction . — On Saturday week , Thomas lliggins , of A ckworth , was summoned before the Wakefield mag istrates for an offence against the Game Laws , lliggins , who is a farm labourer , was proceeding to his work early in the morning and picked tip a hare , which he found dead in a wheat field ; being observed by the gamekeeper , the poor fellow was taken into custody . Tbe hare had been caught in a snickle , but there -was no evidence to prove that the prisoner was in any way connected with poachers , lie was proceedin /' to work , with his scythe over his shoulder , to a field adjoining that in which the hare was found , when he accidentally saw the animal , and naturally enough took possession , Higgins was fined in a penalty and costs amounting to £ 5 , and in default he was sent to the House of Correction for three months .

      ?Flffcultai* Attir Fibrtindttiri

      ? flffcultai * attir fibrtindttiri

      Field-Garden Operations. For The Week Co...

      FIELD-GARDEN OPERATIONS . For the Week commencing Monday , Oct . 23 rd , 1 S-13 . [ Extracted from a Di art of Actual Operations on five small farms on the estates of the late Mrs . D . Gilbert , near Eastbourne , in Sussex ; and on several model farms on the estates of the Earl of Dartmouth at blaithwaite , in Yorkshire , published by Mr . Nowell , of I ' arnley Tyas , near Iluddersfield , in order to guide other possessors of field gardens , by showing them what labours ought to be undertaken on their Own lands . The farms selected as models are—First Two school farms at Willingdon and Eastdean , of five each

      acres , conducted by G . Cruttenden and John Harris . Second . Two private farms , of five or six acres : one worked by Jesse Piper , the other by John Dumbrell—the former at Eastdean , the latter at Jevington—all of them within a low miles of Lastbourne . Third . An industrial school farm at Slaithwaite . Fourth . Several private model farms near the same place . The consecutive operations in these reports will enable the curious reader to compare the climate and agricultural value of tho south with the northof England . The Dunvis aided by "Notes and Observations" from the pen of Mr . Nowell , calculated for the time and season , which we subjoin .

      < The wisest inen-thc greatest philosophers— aftcv m yam seekmj ; for happiness in every variety of pursuit , have found it m the cultivation of the ground . " SojE . —The school farms are cidtivatcd by boys , % vho in return for three houn' teaching in the morning , give three hours of their labour in the afternoon for the master s benefit , which renders the schools selfsur-roimxa . We believe that at Famly Tyas sixsevenths of the produce of the school farm will be assigned ta the boys , ynd one-seventh to the master who will receive the usual school-fees , help the boys to culuvute their land , and teach them , in addition to reading ivnhng , d : c ., to convert their produce into bacon , by attending to pig-keeping , which at Christmas may be divided , after , poyiny rent «» irf levy , amongst them in proportion to their services , and be made thus indirectly to reach their parents in a way the most grateful to their feelings . ]

      SUSSEX . Monday— Willingdon School . Boys digging for wheat , and the master drilling . Eastdean School , Seventeen boys digging up potatoes , gathering up haulm , and stones . Piper . Sowing wheat , in drills six inches apart , and two or three deep . Dumbrell . Digging up potatoes and carrying manure . Tuesday—Willingdon School . Boys carrying out man ure . Eastdean School . Boys digging for wheat , and clearing off swede turnips . Piper . Sowing wheat in drills . Dumbrell . Digging up potatoes , heifer

      drawing dung . ' Wednesday— Williuydon School , Bovs digo-in" for wheat . Eastdean School . Boys emptying thc ° pi « - stye tank , digging for and sowing wheat . ' Piper Sowing wheat . . Dumbrell . Digging , mixing dung and mould , heifer carrying dung . Thursday — Willingdon School . Boys din-fin" - and drilling , wheat . Eastdean School . BoyS ° draning manure for wheat , cleaning pigstyes . Piper . The same as yesterday . Dumbrell . Drilling fourteen rods of tares , * storing in thc cellar mangel wurzel

      roots . Fsmix—WiUingdon . Mool Boys digging for wheat , Eastdean School . Boys sowing tares , digging foi wheat , gathering mangel wurzel leaves and stones , Piper . As before . Dumbrell . Digging up carrots , potatoes , heifer-dung carrying . Saturday— Willingdon Sdiool . Boys diggin" for ant ] drilling wheat . Eastdean School , Boys emptring portable pails , cleaning the school , planting cabbages , lipcr . As before . Dumbrell . Mixing dung and mould , pulling mangel wurzel roots .

      COW-FKEDIXG . Willingdon School . Cows feeding on white turnips , Ac , as before . Piper ' s . In addition to other food , is given two gallons of carrots per day . Dumbrell ' s . One cow staked in the rye grass , and fed in the stall morn and even , on mangel wurzel leaves for four days . Stall M with mangel wurzel leaves , turnips , and oat chaff , for two days . One cow and heifer staked on clover , and morn and even led with potatoes , carrots , and oat chaff , for three days , the remaining three stall ted with turn ipss , potatoes , and oat chaff .

      Pig Feeding. In Fattening Pigs, I Have A...

      PIG FEEDING . In fattening pigs , I have alwavs found a mixture of barley aiul pease-meal , moistened with milk in sufficient quantity to make it of a drinkable nature , to bo the best ; the pigs must be rung to make them lie quiet ; the stye must be warm and airy , and the sun not sufiered to scorch their backs , as thin-skinned white pigs arc blistered by . it , which not only renders tlicm ot an unsightly appearance , but retards their thriving ; neither can they bear exposure to cold winds , or cold rain , or sleet , or snow—thev must be kept out of all these . This is not sufficiently attended to ; on many farms you see them lying in heaps shivering with the cold ; in such cases thriving is out

      of the question ; and , on the other hand , I have seen them , immured to thc height of four feet , with a low ceiling above them , leaving a space of a foot and a half for a current of air ; in this case they looked very delicate and sickly , like consumptive subjects , and never arrived at any size or weight for their age ; their constitution was undermined by being kept constantly in a pestilential atmosphere ; whereas , had the door been an open-barred door , a current of fresh air would incessantly have set in and purified the place , and given , the animals a vigorous habit and a doubly-increased size . These extremes should be caretully avoided , and , in addition , too much cleanliness cannot be observed , for nothing tends more to

      their well-doing than dry feet , a dry bed , and sweet air . They wallow in mud , it is true , in the summer , to get a coat to shield them from the sun and flies ; but that only proves that they require . protection trom excessive heat and the teasing of flies ; and all who wish their pigs to thrive will provide shelter . My pigs arc never allowed to run about , as no food they can get by prowling about will compensate for the loss of flesh sustained by the continual state of motion . In a farm it may be very woll to have some running about to pick up dropped offal ; but where the pigs are regularly fed with a sufficient supplv , it is a thriftless plan to waste by exercise the flesh that by a state of rest would make a good return for thc food consumed and the expense of attendance .

      # In the above remarks on pig-feeding , my observations were directed chiefly to fattening hogs to a large ? size ; the strong food recommended does not exactly suit quarter porkers ; it is too heating , and produces pimples , which give ' the appearance of disease ; therefore , for quarter pork , I cither use fine middlings with milk or pure water , or reduce thc strength of the barley and pease-meal by adding an equal quantity of pollard ; wash or pot-liquor is unpalatable to pigs during the process of fattening on meal . I have tried various liquids—mutton broth , the liquor from a round of beef , and good kitchen wash—but have been obliged to take it out of their troughs , and replace it with meal and milk , or water . It will sometimes happen , from change of . weather or other causes , that the pigs get costive , and are oil their food . In such a case I supply them with a little green food , according to the season of the year , —as a

      fe w cabba g e leaves , lettuces , or potatoe-tops , or with potatoes , and mangel wurzel ; if , on the other hand , they are purged , I have a sod dug from thc road-side and given thorn , , or , which I sometimes think is better , I let them into a yard where there are cinders , mould , and brick , and chalk rubbish . I think very little of garden stuff as a means of keeping a pig in a good growing condition ; it is no help further than satisfying occasionally the cravings of hunger ; sows will do on it , or on grass , if there can be added daily a feed or two from thc wash-tub . As I keep SOWS , I may as well add my management of them . During tho time of gestation their diet is restricted to articles that will not produce obesity , for sows , as well as cows , are apt to be attacked with what is called tho

      milk-fever ; and , besides , unwieldy SOWS haveUOt that command over their movements that sows with a less proportion of flesh hare , and are very lilcelv to crush many of their young ones . For the first fortnight , the sow is fed in such a manner as to leave off with a good appetite ; and no better or more forcing food is given than fine pollard or coarse middlings ; but as soon as all fever has disappeared , and the pigs can take the milk as last as the sow can supply it , the finest middlings or oatmeal , or sometimes boiled rice , when it can be procured at about Ss . or Ss . Gd . per cwt ., are given three times a day . The little pigs arc cut when five or six weeks old ; the sows arc not spayed , if intended for quarter pork ; the operation both throws them hack and disfigures them . Many people recommend a spayed sow for thc poor ; I always recommend a barrow pig , as growing to a larger size than tho spayed sow pig , and m being far superior meat to an old spayed sow . These remarks , with what I forwarded to you before , are about all 3 can remember for a brief sketch . In choosing a pig , look out tor one with a wide open chest , well filled up from the cars to the tail , email toed , and wlti meat m the fore arm down to the knee , and in tlic ham down to the hock-tail fine and short , with t small spread of hairs at the end . ' Let thc breed b < more inclined to make flesh than fat , and fine in tll < gvaitt , Another peculiarity should be ascertained the breed should be famed for broad backs and smal entrails—large-bellied pigs do not pull down the scale louhavo now such a lecturo on pigs as I sometime give to my inquiring friends—/ . Steel , in Aqriculln ml Gazette , J

      Del.P Drainage Is Better Than Shallow Dr...

      DEL . P DRAINAGE IS BETTER THAN SHALLOW DRAINAGE . Because capillary attraction is stronger than gravity near the surface , whilst as we go deeper into the soil , the force of gravity increases , and the power of capillary attraction diminishes . Capillary attraction acts powerfull y and injuriously near the surface in two ways-hwt by keeping the rain water from descending to the shallow drains ; and , secondly , by

      Del.P Drainage Is Better Than Shallow Dr...

      drawing up from the sodden bed of the too proximate shallow drain the free or superfluous water . Entertaining these ideas I applied to Mr . Pavkes for an explanation , or rather confirmation of them , which he has most philosophically awl correctly svnovttcu in the annexed letter , which divulges thc subterranean secret , _ and explains satisfactorily the hitherto mysterious action of deep draining . Aspongc will hold water , by capillary attraction , till its pores are filled , and a large sponge will hold more than a small one ; consequently it is longer in getting wet and longer in getting dry . Thc earth when " drained is in fact a sponge—thc deeper the drains the greater the bedy of water it will hold : and as earth , air , and water are tho food of plants , the

      larger the sponge the more lood it contains . Now we all well know that water passes throush earth and runs away out of the drains , but wc must never lorgetthat it will only do so when more lias fallen than the earth chooses to retain by capillary attraction . You may drop water drop by drop on a sponge or loaf sugar , and none will escape till the pores are all filled ; but then it refuses to receive any moro , and the rest is carried away . The same tiling occurs precisely in drained land . In deeply drained land but little rain will pass through the drains during the spring and summer . It is retained to moisten this largo sponge , and rise by capillary attraction and be carried off through the plants by their roots and leaves , or evaporate at tlie

      ourface as steam or vapour . In shallow drained land ( the small sponsc ) plants are quickly dried up in a hot summer , or drenched in a wet one ; and as roots only search amongst tlie porous earth for their food , of course they not only get less food . but arc subjected , by their proximity to the surface , to greater atmospheric vicissitude . It is a seeming contradiction , that deep drains should discharge more water and moroquickly than shallow ones j ' such isihowcrcr , the fact . In a very long or deep sponge , the water will drip through at the lowest end , the force of gravity overcoming partially that of capillary attraction ; of course , this dripping permits its absorbing more water at its surface . In a short or shallow sponge , little or no dripping takes place , because thc capillary

      power is too strong ; consequently when filled it will absorb less at the surface , am ' more must run off . It i s notorious , that in very porous vegetable soils , shallowdrains are of little use , for spring or bottom water passes by them and rises in preference to the surface , by the force of capillary attraction , and by tho plants called bog pipes . Old hands at spring draining known the fact , although I never hoard the caused named , and always recommended deep drains . I am l ) 0 t sufficiently acquainted with thc statistics of capillary attraction to statehow deeply it acts , but we know quite well that its power varies with the character of tho soil . Farmers like chalk in heavy land , because chalk has strong filtrativc and non-capillary powers . There are abundant instances of loose sands , gravels ,

      bogs , or mellow soils , always wet and cold , because resting-on an impervious bed of clay , the water ascending by the power , of capillary attraction , which overcomes its gravity ; thc water will in such cases rise many feet above Its level , depending on the comparative capillary powers of the soil . It can only be removed in this case . by cutting into thc dense or non-capillary mass . In cases of spongy soils , practice has shown that we must load them with heaviest Garths , to squeeze out their moisture and diminish their capillary power , to make the drains act . A piece of loaf sugar or a sponge readily illustrates the facts I have mentioned , that water has its force o ' ' gravity , overcome by capillary attraction , and is made

      to rise above its level . 1 rccs oi the greatest height exercise this power , and so do all plants in degree . The question of extreme deptli at which drains will act in pure clays , is an important one-, and seems to hinge on the depth to which cracks will extend in such soils . It is easy to try it , which I shall do ; my own opinion is , that even in very strong clays water will filtrate much below four feet ; but possibly , to enable it to do this , it would b ; most secure to drain four feet first , and then when these drains have acted perfectly , and the soil to that depth is intersected by roots and worm borings , increase the depth to seven or eight feet , according to the fall . Mr . Parte has clearly shown that deep drains will act more promptly on lands that have been already shallowdrained .

      The principles of drainage are affected by the laws of gravity . The drain-pipe is full of air—tlie earth above it is full . of water ; tlio superfluous water , beyond what the earth retains bv capillary attraction , must , of nccssity , by its superior gravity , descend and displace the air from thc pipe , and continue flowing till it finds other water to resist it . The greatest possible objection to shallow drainage is , that thc falling water robs the surface soil of its heat and manure , and carries it away through the drains , or allows it to pass off the surface , whilst in deeply drained land the'heat carried down by thc water is taken from the water by the colder subsoil , and retained to rise again to the roots and surface by its superior lightness and by _ capillary attraction . Thus the depth of drainage influences vegetation

      warmth being carried . down from the surface is laid up in store , and re-ascends the surface , with ' the expanded water by capillary attraction . Deeply drained land receives and retains the soluble parts of the manure we apply to the surface , and sends them up again for the use of plants by evaporation and capillary attraction . Water is not only a carrier of heat downwards and upwards in soils , but it also conveys down and brings again to the surface the solutions of manure that colour it . A nice warm summer shower that would only be enough to moisten comfortably five or six feet deep of parched earth , would be-carricd through shallow drains . . . .. ' . . Like strong tea , the solutions from ourmanure contain its most valuable properties .

      Farmers who consider how worthless is tho second mashing of their malt , or the second water from their tea , will hardly allow thc essence of their manure heaps to run away down their ditches with the water from their roofs , or down shallow drains . Wc must not forget that . roots will follow retucating water and deprive it of their food ; but the same roots cannot avoid or escape the injurious effects of water ascending constantly and too abundantly by capillary attraction from the too proximate floor of a shallow drain . In a soil drained six or eight feet deep thc saline and ammoniaoal substances that are brought down with the rain , remain in the soil , and are brought up to thc roots of plants by the water , as it rises to

      the surface by capillary attraction to replace that which evaporates . The manures we apply arc also laid up ill store for subsequent use ; whilst in that drained only two feet , or two feet eight , it would be washed into * the drains and carried away to the open ditches . The importance is : great of retaining , for thc use of plants , much of thc water that falls in the summer months , for such water is abundantly charged with heat { qy . electricity ?) and with various gases ( hat are of inappreciable value as food for plants . Of course to bogs , sands , and gravels , the addition of heavier earths and lime is indispensable , chemically and physically giving them a greater aptitude for the retention of moisture , such soils being deficient in alkalies and alumina .

      It has been objected that m certain sous the filtration of water would abstract from them their metallic properties , and encrust , or choke up these small pipes . It is possible in an occasional instance , and in course of time , this might occur , but this exception can be no valid objection to the general rule of their success in thc majority of soils . Instances too may occur where the supply of water from springs , or from some neighbouring ground , may be more than a small pipe can carry , rendering it necessary to employ a larger pipe , or several smaller ones side by side , or on each other . This also can only now and then occur . The inch-pipes will always take all thc water that docs fall as an average from tho clouds on a given space i agivon time . 11 ivnuiu oi neitvlauu

      J . U system ueep uruuuigu m v is dependent on its cracking by contraction . These cracks , which take place , first , by evaporation , and then by percolation , can be promoted in two ways—by leaving the drains open as long as possible after the pipes are placed in them , and covered with a few crumbs , or by the heat of a dry summer . Rolling heavy land solid in wet weather will cause it to crack readily in warm weather ; when once a system of cracks has commenced , they extend in every direction , each fissure draining the soil adjoining it , until the whole mass of earth to the floor of thc drains becomes a network of fissures . Once established , filtration , capillary attraction , and evaporation , must go on regularly—improving the soil from year to year , aided by worms and by roots .

      I would strongly recommend every agricultural improver to bore or cut a four-feet trench in every acre of soil , to the depth of several feet , much in the same way as we would ascertain the quality of a cheese . TllC expense IS but trifling , but the saving or gain would be in many cases , enormous . A bed of calcareous earth , of clay , or of gravel , may be found where least " expected and much required . Perpendicular Strata of clays , < fec , may be thus at once detected and cut through , which have possibly for centuries headed back springs , or surface water , and caused a large extent of land to be always wet . Such boring may give upward vent to a spring , which being pent in has shown its evil effects in numerous other places . There are many advantages attending a knowledge of the substratum , so various are its qualities , and so

      different from the surface soil . It is the opinion ot two practical drainers I am acquainted with , that subterranean water generally runs east and west , so that bv cutting our drains north and south w are more likely to intercept them . Probably it may not be the rule in every county , but I have noticed such to be the case on my farm in several instances . 1 lie fact is worth observing , or we may make man ? -useless cuttings , in clav or strong soils parallel with sandy veins " and vet not succeed in removing the water from the latter . This stratification east and west may be the result of centrifugal force , caused by the earth ' s diurnal revolution . There can be no doubt that the increased luxuriance of plants is dependent on the depth of drainage as well as on the quantity and quality of their food . I am of opinion that plants breathe , masticate

      Del.P Drainage Is Better Than Shallow Dr...

      digest , and excrete with precisely the same results as ourselves and docav and arc decomposed in thc same wav as we are . They also repose as wo do , and during th . it repose digestion and consequent increase is as apparent with them as with us . Like ourselves plants will not send their roots to be drowned or to be burned ; therefore , by deep drainage , wo guard them against both , and afford them an abundant supply of food . No doubt they obtain oxygen by their roots and carbon by their leaves to form internal combustion .

      Many sandy soils require draining when their owners little imagine the cause of their inferior crops , for if these sands or sills rest on an impervious basis of hard _ gravel or solid clay , the capillary power of the surface soil draws np tlie water most injuriously to the roots . This was found to be the ease . Oil OllC field on my farm , which was considered to be a hot dry field , but was found , on digging holes , to require draining . Sands most pmicuhrly require deep drainage , because their capillary powers will effectually counteract thc operation " of shallow drains . Many fanners know practically thc difficulty of getting water out of sand , although they do not know the cause .

      There are very few lands on which the drains cannot be placed four feet deep , where there is the desire to cut deep drains . For instance , suppose a field is basin-shaped , or higher at the sides than in the centre , thc drains could be carried with the falUo the centre of thc field , and there fall into a main drain , carried through tho higher parts of the field by a deep cutting , to some distant point of fall , or to a deep woll or swallow hole . In deep drains there is no danger of pipes decaying , because the temperature is- nearly uniform , seldom varying ten degrees , and of course never touching the extremes of winter frost or summer heat . I . J . Mecui .

      * Tabes.—Now Drill Your Second Crop In B...

      * Tabes . —Now drill your second crop in by hand , with a wheat hoe , and scatter a little manure in every drill .

      Bankrupts* %X*

      Bankrupts * % x *

      BANKRUPTS . ( From Tuesday ' s Gazelle , Oeloier II , 1815 . ^ Hubert . 1 . Chapman , Clapham , Surrey , mavUetguvilcncr — . 1 allies Smith Williams , of li , Clement ' s-lnne , hombni'dstreet , City , master Mariner—Thomas flSliirenh and Jlii ' . lmol Septimus Keyvurtli , of iUaiicIicstcr , common brewers—Henry George Gibson , of Xewunstlo-npon-Tyne , chemist—Thomas Fielder Shillam , of Uudbridgc , Gloucestershire , wool broker .

      DIVIDENDS DECLARED . John Scott , of lliiniiiightni ) , { fun maker , final dividen . l of 1 Jd . in the pound , { inyaliJe , at 72 , Gcorgo-Mreot , . Man Chester , October 2 . S , and every following Tuesday . William Jones , of Acton , Middlw . x , grocer , " first divi . ( lend of 7 d . in the pound , payahle at 13 , Old Jewry , October 15 , suul two following AVvilncsdnys James 1 ' arreii , ol ' iVine Jvlllis Surrey , corn dealer , second dividend of : iti . in tlie pumtd , payable at 18 , Old Jewry , October 13 , and two following Wednesdays . DIVIDENDS TO UE DECMKKD . At the Court of Bankruptcy , J . ondon . Jaw . es Tenfold , of Goring , Sussex , I ' iirincr , Noronil'or a , fit ! i « H ' -i > : > sl li—James Imray , of Old risli-street-liill , Upper Thames-street , stationer , November •> , at one—Thomis Eastwood , of Brighton , grocer , November G , at eleven .

      Cektificates to be jrrnnted by t ? -ie Court of Review , unless cause be shown to Hie contrary , on « r before Xov < , mW 4 . John liurblll-y , Of heck lVootton , Warwickshire , maltster—James Mubhs , jw \ ., of ChwheMev , haliuv—Ylonvy Deeimns Walker , of Baton Soeon , Bedfordshire , innkeeper —Thomas Eastwood , of Brighton , Sussex , pvocer—Thomas Laiigston , of . Manchester , ' . share broker—John Brain , ol IU . Wincliester-pjaee , anil late of IIolford-S ({ uai'e , I ' cntOllvilh ' , coiijicrjilatc dcalu '—John Smith , u ( at , . Dnnstnii ' sliill , City , sliinbrofcw . In the Country . John Wood , of Cardiff , Glamorganshire , hanker , November 5 , at eleven , at the Court of Bankruptcy , Bristol-Thomas llolyland , of Mniielicstei-. woollen cloth manufacturer , November 6 , at twelve , at the Court of Bankruptcy , Manchester—Jolni ami Bli / . abeth fisher , nf Mnghull , Lancashire , wine niiTChams , November -I , at twelve , at the Court of Bankruptcy , Liverpool—James Spencer , of ltailiolmeCaiT , Yorkshire , woisted piece manufacturer , NuveiuUev 18 , ' at eleven , tvt the Court of Bankruptcy , Leeds—Thomas Boustield , of l . ineol ::, ironmonger , November IT ,

      at eleven , at the Couitot ISailKmptey , Leeds—Tom Walter Green , of Leeds , I'ouksullei ' , November . 11 , at eleven , at tlie Court of Ihmlcrunicy , Leeds—Thomas Smnlhvmid , of liinninglumi , grocer . November fi , at eleven , at the Court of Bankruptcy , Birmingham—Josenh Lewis , of Birmingham , card iiiitimfi ' . etiirer , lYorenibei- 5 , at eleven , at the Court of liaiilvrujtU'y . Jlii iningloim—lleiijainin *> . . loncS j Vf WniulilvilfllillCUOUd , Slll'OlUlire , grocer , Novembers , at luilf-jia-st twelve , at the Court of Bankruptcy , Birmingham—William Henry Hates , of Birmingham , factor , November r > . at eleven , at tlic Court of Bitiikrnpcy , Birmingham—Thomas llorton , of West lSromvncli , Sturtiirilsliirc , iron founder , November 18 , at twelve , at the Court of Baiikrupiey . Birmingham — Jnmcs Bennett , of Little Birch , lleveioriUliiiv , rattle dealer , November 5 , at halfpast eleven , at tlie Court of Bankruptcy , Birmingham—John Herring and William Herring , of Newcastle-upon-Tyne , merchants , November f » , at eleven , at tlie Court of Bankruptcy , Neweastlo-tiiion-Tyne . Cebtificates to he granted , unless cause he shown to thc contrary on the day of mcutinu ; .

      James Edward Smirk , of Briutd-eourt , Bow-street , Covent-garden , victualler , November 5—Charles Junes , of MlstwU , Viucktnghuinshire , salesman , XuveiuW 4—Willi .-. m Vercy , of JJif ,- ? j-sti-eet , Jving . siaiid , vic-tuaHcr , N ' ovenibcr 5—William l ' avsley , of Woolwich , Kent , hat maker , November 4—William Maton , of Fore-street , Cilv , leather seller , November 5—Thomas Clerk Smith aud " Kichard Hayes , of 13 , Henrietta-street , Covent-gardon , hotel keepers , iVov 4—1 ' rederick West , of Southampton , hootmaker , November 3—John Hodden , of Cambridge , eoacll burner , XoYwnher 6-Jnmcs Coiisens Wolton , onialste-aft , Essex , Ironmonger , 'November 0—John White , of Warminster , Wiltshire , currier ,-November •>—John Botchchy late of Darliiitrton , Durham , coaloivuei-, November 4—l- ' eiiwiek Loraine , of Newcastle-upon-Tyne , bookseller , November •!—Ann Breo French , of Newcastlc-u ^ on-Tyne , Hotel keeper , Nov . l-Jose ])!! Curtis , of Lislceard , Col'll-U'all , imendrayicr , November 7—Jacob Itichtird Owci ) , of Manchester , stockbroker , November C .

      PART > . "EBSITIM DISSOLVED . James Bizzoy , Tiios . Hen ton , and John Ilimiphrys l ' ajips , of Stroud , linen cvapcrs ( so far as regards John Humphry's l ' app . s ) -Henry llollis and Thomas W . ihhrd , of I / ivti-pnoI , tea dealers- Whliam ltalpli Buchanan and Henry Grainger , attorneys—Abraham Bass and B . Sweeting , of Biirtoii-upoii-l ' reiit , Stafl ' c-rdshiro , attorneys-Llewelyn Brans and Evan William ? , of Llandovery ,. Carmarthenshire , cabinet makers—1 ' rciL l- 'arrai- and George Herbst Lulie , of 12 , Godlimail-strect , Boctors ' -commollS , attorneys—R . Ban ' s Ilea and Hugh Casement , ofU 5 , Upper Thames-street , City , and Essex-street , Vhiu-clurjiul , cheesemongers—John Keeves I ' ouutney and Thomas Pountney , of Birmingham , curriers—Thomas Slumlord

      \\ oodley and Isaac Young , of Cambridge , grocers—John Wright and John Limvood , of Pftulefvaut , linen drapers—William . Man-in and James . Marvin , of Hilpcrton , Wiltshire , bakers—Samuel P . lbhotsonand William Predcrick lbuotsim , of New York — Gerald Atkinson and John Found , of Liverpool—Charles Herring a . ud . Mm BvoeUlebuvst , of 177 , High llolborn , lamp maiui ' actureis—Edward Henderson am ! Joseph Woolcr , of Stockton , piercers-Daniel Nash and Josiah Lambert , of Sible lied ingham , Essex , farmers—John Sharp aud J . Boutoft , ot Boston , Lincolnshire , tanners—Bdw . ilantoii and John Prancis Power , of Cheltenham , wine merchants—John Henry Jloietou and Henry Hellier , of Lcadciihall-iiiarhct . meat salesmen .

      L'Ltounc Lncbkasi:.—At Tho Usual Season,...

      l'ltounc Lncbkasi :. —At tho usual season , a single potatoe was set , whole , in a field at Ilebblc-bridge , near liiuklcrsliekl , by John Turner , stone-mason ; ami during last week the produce was raised , when 22 lbs , of fine large potatoes were reaped . Thc sort was what is denominated " Farmers glory , " and the " set" weighed 2 lbs . when planted . Had care been taken of the plant during growth , and the layers properly covered , it is believed the increase would have been nearly twice as great . A Curiosity . —An ordinary earthenware dish , purchased at . tin . ; . Cumbrian pottery , in this town , about

      sixteen months ago , by AViliiams , a tailor , ros uiiuy in Goat-street , has excited a . considerable portion of curiosity in the minds of some of our townspeople during the past week . It appears that a short time since a great number of small crystalizod substances , having the ' appearance of flowers ]! or miniature mushrooms , were observed to grow out of the dish , breaking through the hard glazed surface . One or two of these grew to the extent of au inch , but were accidentally broken . Others are now budding forth , coveting nearly the whole surface of the dish . 'The taste Is very similar to that of common salt . The oldest and most experienced individuals engaged in the manufactures of earthenware in this town do not

      remember witnessing buck appearances on any previous occasion . A potter , who also keeps the Compass public-house in High-street , purchased thc article from thc original owner for £ I { is ., and has issued bilis announcing it foroxhibition . The general impression in the upper region of our town is , that it is a"bewitched dish ; " but we opine that chemists , upon analysation , would be able to account for these curious appearances by the accidental presence of sonic elitiiiieal ingredient not usually found in the materials from which such articles arc manufactured . ~ - Cambrian . Enurnos or ilouxr IIecla . — The Hamburgh Borscnhalle of the 7 th inst . contains ll : e following communication from Copenhagen , under c ate ot October 4 th : — " The English journals have ah cady stated that the largest of the Orkney isles v . as , during a violent storm from the north-west on the night ot the 2 nd ult ., covered with fine allies , resembling ground pumice-stone ; and that it was thought they bud been driven by the wind from Mount IIecla , in

      Iceland , as similar appearances had been observed during several years . \ Ve now learn that on thc same or the following nij ' . ht the crew ofa veseel , hound to this port from lleikkwik , observed , whilst about eighteen English miles from land , volcanic flames on thc southern coast of Iceland . On September 3 i » . two vessels near thc Fawe l ? les were also covered with ashes . According to letters which have been received here an earthquake occurred on the previous day in the west , north , and cast portioi s ot Iceland . More recent intelligence has ai rived from the southern part , and it appears that the eruption was a more violentone than any that had taken place there during the last sixty years . The latest accounts are of September 15 . They confirm the intelligence of a volcanic eruption in the southern part of the island on September 2 nd , the first since tlie memorable one which occurred nineteen years ago . The extent of the fall of sand and ashes is not yet known , but it is ascertained that the populous districts adjacent to the volcano have not been seriousl y injured , except that the grass plots near the mountains were dcstroyed . " ^

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Oct. 18, 1845, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_18101845/page/7/