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Northern Star (1837-1852), 16th December 1848, Edition 2 of 3, Page 7

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      ' ¦'Colohtm Ititii December 16, 184&. = ...

      December 16 , 184 & . = ? ir — - == ¦—r . _ , THE NORTHERN STAR 7

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      " ~ Fran^Ef^ " ^ Si Jtection Of The Repu...

      " ~ fran ^ eF ^ " ^ SI JtECTION OF THE REPUBLICAN PKESIDbjjt . I Fatal Coarucr ai Bobbsatj- -. The Dart ; ....,, 1 c l ot Louis Napoleon held a rwetmg at BordK " wo _ rt-wt ? iavaded by the partisans of i _ . d ra RWfnA g ^ w «^ cohs ^ uenee . The m ^ gJJJj ^ anf firedupon both parties Several -Tww i rt lost lost , snd nu-typersens were wounded ; ' « we « C On Saturday evening khe a / inwpftBewf , intariona q _ Quarters of the capital continued , and even »» tfdtfcloek the Place VendOne presented a denseJXISr ^ ^ np osedalmost entirely _? ttsfi dS TIt Rs Roe St Honore wa . intercepted in seTeral pfiee , bv crt groups and -sscmblagee , which animata ! diw . n « Ssjsia weregouigon . ThB Boulevards , ft £ JftJ aS de de 1 * Paa to the Boulevard Poissonniere _ ko for formed tie theatre of Uka . discussionsrS « ±°

      p > . < pletely _ crcwueu ana with difficulty passable Th « | « forte St Marfan andI Porte St DenVweS S nJJj en crowded , as well as the Bc _ lev _ rd da Temtde Ta it this latter Ee ^ bonrheod rnenacing shouts Ve ™ I « I »_ B . iMintttto Gude Mobile , aom . daS 2 __ 2 S of of which were sUtioned at the post » Cfc >__ £ 5 £ S !_ _ e . es Arts et Metiers / in the iffs . mBE ? B e . e _ e time these were caUed out . and showed a * attitu fade so determined that the crowd tecame siCt " m * „ retired . Patrols of police effioeVlravS the B Boulevard ! during tte evening . The Sots ? ____ itte-ui and the Place Manbert wero -gSLtte c icenes of disorderly m anifestationa , To rarmwa « r a copied the terrack of the Place Manhert had era . « coated * The populace , finding ^ SLSSiSt ,

      U tterlue - ioioau . ine brmness of the Garde Mobile ft hotter , was snoh _ s to repress thedisordfr and g gaveral disturbera were arrested . The lath awrter * traverssdby patrols dnringthe night ! 9 _ Swpat _ -T _ e ^ polling commenced at seven o ' clock t this morning ; the weather isbeautiful , and there is r no apparent disposition to disturb the ? peace » The ! rS-lfl TJS ** « 7 precaution , * it i , d decided that ^ Tuesday , the day after the poffing , t aeclubssuaU be dosed , and all mob amSSSl -c dispersed . ^ , . AT ? i ^ - " The first dsy oftheeleetion * * tteP ^ ent of the aepublio has passed off witht rrafc tie sUghteat appearance of disorder , Tn fant . it th 8 threa fonr

      !]^ r ^ l ^ T oi , ^ y » 'Wcb . weceded it . The weather was magnificent , and the 1 « SwS _? S . eidmuallIe arran 8 Bment 8 for taking 1 t W ^ i ? - her 8 T * S ° ° S « confusion at an . i of the polhnc p aces . The number of voten upon this , occasion wiU be much greater than atany of the , elections which have tab * o ]^ _;_„_ the wtablish rnentofrmivejsal sn-bgs . It was remarked that . a ll ^ t & 9 - p 0 lI ^ IftCes - 8 teri »^ Wly on half oi the efectera resented on thelisto bad voted before two o clock . Duringthewhole of yesterday thestreefcand public promenades of Pans were crowded with people , but they were attracted mow by the finenessofthe weather than by the election . It was only in the Place Yendome , the Porte St Martin , and some other places , that groups of politicians assembled ; cut they were ex «« u _ gly q . uiet . and all parties & npear to have made up their minds cal-tlr to abid *

      the result . As a matter of precaution , however , as the night advanced , the groups were dispersed by the - lunioipal Guards , and by parties of troops , and by eleven o ' clock the capital was as quiet as upon any ordinary occasien . The ac « n _ ta from the departmenta adjoining the eipitsl state that the peasanU are crowding to tbe places in hands of fifty or 100 together , with flags , and shouting the namea of their favourite candi date ? . A tour of some of the principal thoroughfares of

      Pans about midnight supplied most gratifying proofs Cf the tr _ nqnillity with which the people areexercis ing their sovereign right of suffrage . Precautionary measures were taken , and patrols of the National . Guard and police were occasionally observable , but no necessity calledfor their interference . Oae cause of this tranquillity no doubt is , that the result of the election begins to be regarded by the public in general as practically decided , and , it i _ hought , in favour of Louis Napoleon . ( From the correspondent of the Timet . )

      The groups in the streets of Paris on Sunday evening were neither to numerous nor so noisy as those of Saturday ; still they were not deficient in orators , who produced _ certain degree of excitement . The subject most discussed in the groups formed at the Place Yendome , Place de Ia Bourse , and the Boulevards , was the Organisation of Labour ; and if the language nssd in the streets is to be taken as a criterion of the opinions of the working clasaes , the future President . 6 e he Cavaignae or Louis Napoleon , will have muck to do to satisfy them ;

      The people expressed great Indignation a _ ainst the NaSoaal Assembly far having resolved to prolong its existence under pretence of preparing certain organic laws , and if any attack be made on it , the people do not appear disposed to defend it The continued attacks of La Prkse on General Cavaignac , for having neglected to adopt precautions to prevent the ereetion of barricades in the month of June , by which much bloodshed was occasioned , appear to hare produced considerable effect on the population of Paris ; _ nd although General Cavaignao ' l admirers—and

      there-were many such amongst the groups—exerted themselTe - in the General ' a defence , and wen listened to with much patience , they failed to produce any effect . L-. some group ? the probability of an approach ing insurrection was openty discussed .. A soldier of the 59 th Regiment of the line declared his opinion that suoh an event was inevitable , and having fasen asked what side he would join , he replied that his regiment was determined to act with the National Guards , and to be governed by their zuovemeufs .

      The Tr _ E 3 of Wednesday adds ;—'The following letter cf our correipondent , dated _ re o ' clock on Monday evening , has reached us , together with the second editions of the journals : — "There is considerably more animation ( perhaps agitation would be a more appropriate term ) visible at this hour than when I wrote yen at eleven o ' clock this forenoon . Groups are formed everywhere . At certain points they are held in observation by patrols of National Guards , but generally speaking they are allowed to have their own way . The steps leading

      to the Bourse , and a good deal of the space in front of it , are covered by people declaiming on all manner of irritating subjects . The Ieadinz , and certainly EKstdisquietiag , toprois the Labour Question , whioh it is lamentable to perceive is again the ehesal dt ba f aille of the Red Men , and is capable of producing much mischief . The Red orators are , however , comparatively few , for the mass of that parry is , like the larger portion of the troops , kept within doers by order of their chiefs , though ready for every contingency .

      • In these ciroumatances you will be sorry to learn that the occurrence so long foreseen—a conflict between the Gardes Mobiles and troops cf the linetook placs last sight , at about -half-past twelve o ' clock , fast outside the Barriers da frone . at one of the ball ro : ms as they are called , which for a considerable distance line the road to Yinoennes . For £ 0 _ e time those parties have been snarling at each ether , but last night they came to blows . Iln Mobihs , being the minority , at first were beaten . They sought the assistance of their comrades , and returned reinforced ; when a battle commenced between them with side arms , in which two soldiers w _ -o killed , and several on either side were wonndtd . Tola riot would no . merit particular notice were ii not indicative of tbe species of feeling that exists in the corps in questicn . On the one hand , the soldiers are jealous of the superior pay and rations enjoyed by tha Mobiles . The latter ,, proud of their

      achievements in June , are perhaps a little presumptuous ; but whatever the cause , the effects of thh quarrel may ba serisns . For the last two or three months the Red men hare been flattering the troopcn every poadtue occasion , by cries of ' Vive la Ligne , ' and have been insulting the Mobiles bj calling them * Cavaignac . Batchers . ' There may possibly be another collision to night between the Eo ' . diers and tbe Mobiles . Should it be serious , thr end of the Red men will be attained . The Mobiles will he removed from Paris , and the fusion of tbe troops and the Socialists will became practicable . There are efforts in progress to reconcile the soldier * and the Mobiles , but it is not certain that they will succeed . At this moment there are three battalion * ofi the latter , and some batt ~ ioc _ of . the former , in the great court of the Tuileries , exercising under the __ me command . Perhaps the experiment will succeed : it was well worth trying .

      On Monday evening gnnpi of man , for tbe mist part attired as operatives , col eited at the Portes St Denis and St Martin , the Place de la Bourae , and the Place Yendome , but their : demeanour waa per fecily inoffensive . They discussed the merits of the respective candidates for the Presidency of the Republic , and it would appear from ths conversation that ike operatives Aad given their voles to Louis Napo 1 e < m through a hope that he wou d relieve the existing distress , and not from any political motive . They complained bitterly that none of those who have governed the country since the revolution of February had fulfilled the promises made te the people before their accession to office , and thev anneared to

      cling to the name of Napoleon as a plank ef safety to rescue them from utter destruction—Times correspondent . Tu _ h ) at . —Yesterday the effigy of General Ca-Ttignao was burnt in the Place da la Barriere do Trope , amidst a large concourse of people . The indignity ef being burnt in the ordinary way was not on -iii occasion thought sufficient ; toe managers of the ceremony , therefore , resorted to the rather sungular aggravation of co-suming the representative of ihe unpopular candidate with a cartload of his own balloting papers . In the Boulevard Monlmarte another cartload of balloting papers , bearing the name of General Cavaignac , was seised and forthwith burnt , amidst the shouts of the crowd ; but so

      " ~ Fran^Ef^ " ^ Si Jtection Of The Repu...

      SiS ^ ^ ^ - ^ evening large St _ S ® Su " ^ . i - hbpurhood of the Portes -blea _ dn ^? fo Ma m bu they ™ re . very Ac ? mthouaandnf tbat . olass known MmSS' & T ? " ? s ^ ti _ 3 f-M _ 5 as ' Th « iaw LTOno » "OT 3 » AP am . Ifie latest accounts received with feeard to tha ~ a ^^» iSH -Sot « fow ! _ from Paris Ka "Ported to be as

      Prince Louis Napoleon ... ... 131 , 154 votes fe ^ 7 312 » . ^ edruRollin 22 279 . J ™*" . . ... 12 . 858 InTjW ™?'" , V 3 . 14 . ™;„ Ba ? ¦ i WTBW ») of p «« a the Mowing votes were given—for Prince Louis Napoleon ... ... 26209 Ueueral Cavaignac 5976 Ledru Roiun 2 , 543 Kaspad ... ... 1058 Laraartine ... - •« •» 221 A letter from Lyons , of the 8 th inst ., states that beneral Cavaignac was haiged in effigy at the Croix-Knisse , notwithstanding the presence of the police and of the municipal authorities , who were nnahla to

      prevent it . The works of the fortifications of Lyonshad been ' suspended in consequence of the agitation which has prevailed in that city for some days past .

      _ THE BSD BBPCHIJC . . . A Democratic and Socialist banquet took place at Condom , on the 27 th . M . Lucien Lamargue , editor of the Etoilb _ 'Ao , uiT _ nr _ being in the chair . After sitting some hours , tbe guests , at the approach xf dusk , promenaded through the town crying , * Yive Ledru Rollin ! "Yive la Repablique , democratique et sociale ! ' « A bas les rentiers et ies proprietairea !' They also sang patriotic airs , and then separated without disturbance . The authorities of tha town had been invited t « the banquet , bat all had declined being present .

      Several Socialist and ultra Democratic barquets have taken place within the past few days in Paris . One of them at which about 1 , 800 persons were present , took place at the Salle Yalentino . The nominal president was Raspail , whose bust , surrounded by red drapery , was placed on a pedestal at tbe bead of the principal table , but the acting presidents were M . M , Proudhon , Pierre Lcroux , and Cabst- The usual Socialist toasts were given , and one of them was proposed by M Felix Pyat , who had recently a duel with M . Proudhon . The affiir passed off quieily , and terminated with patriotic sones .

      Oa Sunday 1 , 400 Socialists , mostly workingsmiths found time to meet at a banquet given at the Barrier da Maine . Several well-dressed women sat down to table . A trophy was erected at the bottom of the hall composed of the different implements used by smiths . The walls were hung with tri-ooloured flags , on which were the following inscriptions : — ' To the Socialist exiles . ' ' To the Socialist prisoners ! ' Louis B ; anc Bathes , Thore . Mszz ' rai , Blum , Messenbauser . * ' Onr brothers of Vienna , of Italy , and of Poland . ' Two letters were read—one from M . Raspail , which proposed in conclusion a toast to the principle of association ; and the second frost M . Louis B'anc , who proposed as a toast 'Toall those who

      suffer , who love and who hope . ' M . Pierre Leroux then spoke at great length , explaining the principles of association and of Socialism . M . Marc proposed as a toast' The safety of France ; ' and M . Marie gave , The hope and certainty of triumph * ' Tho latter , in speaking to the toast , ioror _ ted the company that oneef his sons was amount the transported , and that another of them had suffered a long imprisonment . 'I educated them for that , ' said the orator , who was loudly cheered . The last toast-- ' To the approaching accomplishment of tbe great principle proclaimed by the . French revolution , to the general manifestation of religious liberty , and to universal fraternity '—was then given , and the company separated , singing patriotic songs .

      THS EEPUBUCA 59 BSRSECDrED Br THS H 3 SA . ItC-TSTS . The decree of the court of assizes at Cam in the affair of tha insurgents of Rouen has been announceto-day . The court has condemned them all to severe and infamous punishment . THS JODHSEYMSH BIKERS O ? PARTS . The latter end of last week , the delegates of the journeymen bakers went to the National Assembly with a petition against the conduct of the master bakers sf Paris , who have beea of late getting men up from the country , to work for tbem , as the men in Paris refused to work , except on the conditions prescribed by M . Caussidiere . The petition , which was received by M . Yon , the oommisary of police of the Assembly , was'laid on the President's bureau .

      GERMANY . ABDICATION OF THE BMPBROR OP AUSTRIA . Accaunts from Vienna to the 3 rd inst ., communicate the abdication of the Emperor of Austria in favour of his nephew , tbe Archduke Francis Joseph , eldest son of the Archduke Francis Charles , who has waived his claim to tha imperial throne . This important proceeding was announced to the Diet at Eremsier by Prince Schwarzenberg , and . two proclamations were immediately issued ; one by the late Emperor , Ferdinand , dated Olmutz , the god of

      December , in which he announces his reasons for abdieating ths throne ; the other by the present Emperor , Francis Jsseph , which embodies the principal points stated in the ministerial programme , as given by Prince Schwa * zsnberg . iu the Chamber at Kremsier . The news of the ' ate Emperor ' s abdication was re . ceived with satisfaction at Vienna , where all was tranquil .- The ex-Emperor has fixed upon Prague as his place of residence , for which city he quitted Olmutz on the day of his abdication . The following are the proclamations alluded to . — * We , Ferdinand I ., by the Grace of God , Emperor ,

      • When after the decease of our father , the late Emperor , Francis I ., we succeeded to tho throne , we were deeply sensible of the sacred' nature of our office , and prayed to God to assist us ; [ Prayed to . the devil he means . ] To deal justly and to promote tho happiness of the Austrian nation waa the end and aim of our government . [ How emperors can lie !] The cares and anxieties of government were richly rewarded by the love and gratitude of our people . [ What an ungrateful monster , to cannonade such a people . ] Even of late , when criminal intrigues succeeded io disturbing legal order in soma parts of oar empire , we were satisfied to find ' the majority of our subjects persevere in the loyalty they owed to their sovereign . [ More fools they !] Proofs of affection ,

      which comforted oar anxious soul , were frequently given us from all parts of our empire . But the pressure of events , and the immediate want of a comprehensive reformation of our forms of state , and whi ^ h we , in the month of March last , endeavoured to meet and promote , have more and more convinced us , that more youthful powers are needed to complete this grand work . [ The imperial idiot has found some one to put common sense language into his mouth ] After mature deliberation , and convinced of the imperative necessity of this step , we have most solemnly resolved to resign the imperial crown of Austria . Our brother and legitimate successor in the government , the Lord Archduke Francis Charles , who at all times faithfully assisted us , and declared , and now declares by

      these presents , and by signing his name to this proclamation , that he too resigns the Austrian crown , and that he does so in favour of his sou and legitimate successor , the Lord Archduke Francis Joseph . Thus freeing all servants of the state from their oath of allegiance , we claim their faith and loyalty for their new sovereign . We bid a grateful farewell to our brave army . Mindful of their oaths , our soldiers were at all times a bulwark against foreign enemies and domestic traitors ; a pattern of fidelity and persevering and danntless courage , the safety of threatened monarchy , the pride and glory of our common country . [ A . pattern of butchery-workers , the disgrace and infamy of Austria ] They will be equally faithful and devoted to tbe new emperor . In freeing the various people of onr empire of their duties towards us , we herewith solemnly , and before

      the face of the world , transmit all our duties and rights to our beloved lord and nephew as our legitimate successor , and we recommend onr people to the grace and especial protection of God . May Almighty Gnd vouchsafe to restore them to domestic peace . [ The hypocrite . ' ] May he guide the misled back to their duties , and enlighten those that are foolish . [ A proper prayer for himself and his family . ] May he re-open the dried-up fountains of prosperity , and may he bless our country with bis richest blessings , enlighten and strengthen onr successor , the Emperor Francis Joseph I ., that he may prosper in his solemn and arduous vocation , for bis own honour , for the glory of onr house and for the welfare efhis people . ' Given in our royal residence of Olmutz , this day , the 2 nd December , 1848 , and in the fourteenth year of our reign . 'FauoiNAiro . ' Schwakzesbebo . ' Fhascis Charlbs . '

      ' We , Francis Joseph I ., By the grace of God , Emperor of Austria , & c . ' By the resignation of our beloved uncle , the Emperor and King Ferdinand I ., in Hungary and Bohemia of that name the 8 th , and by the resignation of our beloved father , the Lord Archduke Francis Charles , and summoned on the strength of the pragmatic eanotion to assume the crown of this empire , proclaim hereby solemnly to onr people the fact ef eur ascension to the throne under the name of Francis Joseph the First . We are convinced of the necessity and the value of free institutions , and enter with confidence on the path of a prosperous reformation ot the monarchy . On the basisof true libertyon the basis of the equality of rights cf all our peoples

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      and the equality of all oitizans . before the law , and on the basis of theirequally partaking in the repre- , santationr . and legislation , the country will rise to its ancient grandeur 5 it will acquire new strength to resist the storms of the time-it will be a hall to ' shelter the tribes of many tongues united nnder the sceptre of our fathers . Jealous of the glory ef the CMwn , and . resolved to preseiye the monarchy unitt tailed , but ready to share our privileges with the representatives of our people , wa hope , by the assist ance of God and the co-operation © four people , to succeed in uniting all the countries and tribes of the monarchy into one integral state . We have bad se . ver ** 1 a ^ » . tranquillity and order have been disturbed in many parts of the empire . A civil war is even . now raging in one part of the , monarchy . . Preparations have been made to restore legal order everywhere . The conquest over rebellion , and . the

      return of domestic peace , are the first conditions to the great . work which . we now take in hand . In this we rely osnfidehtly on the sensible and candid co-operation of the nation by its representatives , We rely on the . sound sense of the loyal inhabitants of the country , whom the new laws on the abolition of servitude a ? d imposts have admitted to the full enjoyment of . civil rights . We rely on the loyal . servants of the . state . We expect onr glorious aimy will persevere in their ancient fidelity and bravasy . They will continue to be a pillar to the throne , and a bulwark . ts the country and its iree institutions ; We shall be . happy to reward merit , without any distinction of . birth or . station . People oi Austria ! It is an awfal time in Which we mount on the throne of out fathers . Great are the duties of our offiue , great is its responsibility . May God protect us . 'Fbarcis Joseph . . ' ScnWAKZHNBBBG ... Olmutz . Dfoem ' e : 2 nd , 1848 . '

      In the fourth sitting of the constituent Diet at Eremsier , Prince Schwarzenberg read to tbe members the proclamations we have given above , and the various legal acts by which the sovereignty was abdicated bv the late and transferred to tbe new Emperor . He also read a special message from the new reigning sovereign to the AsiembJy , in whioh he- expresses his wish that tbe constitution may soon be completed , and exhorts the Diet to proceed vigorously with . the task ; Also . antograph notes from the Emperor , re-appointing the ministers , and add .

      ing Baron Culmer . to the Cabinet , hut without charge of a department . At the suggestion of the president , the members of the Diet rose and gave three cheers for ' the constitutional Emperor Francis Joseph . * The Emperor Francis Joseph I . is the eldest son of the Archduke Francis Charles , only brother of the Emperor .. His mother is . the Princess Sophia , daughter . _ f Maximilian , the late King of Bavaria . He was born in 1830 , and is , consequently , eighteen years of age .

      . The names of the father and mother are symbols of' re-action' throughout Austria . Will the son be better than his parents 1 We doubt it . j The Emperor Francis has confirmed tho Ban Jellaohich in the office of civil and military governor of Croatia . It is believed that the Emperor will not visit Vienna before the sew year , and that the state of siege will continue till that time . It appears that t ' ia Emperor Nicholas _ ta offered to advance "the eighty millions of florins required for the state . Rumour asserts that he has made anotler effer to Austria ; nothing . ' ess , in faof , than an Empress in the shape of the Russian princess .

      T _ e accounts from Galicia are unsatisfactory . The divisions existing between the Polish and Ruthenian races are becoming every day more serious , particularly since the government have begun to favour the latter . ¦ The object in thus setting race against race it precisely the one which was held in view with reference to the Magyars and i ; he Croatians , and is composed on the old maxim of * dii » * _ e et impera . ' The system new pursued is the more criminal , inaamu < _ as the two races hare lived on friendly terms one with the other during several centuries .

      Aa might have been anticipated , the Servians are beginning to put forth troublesome claims in regard to nationality . Recent events have proved to them how greatly dependent the Emperor is on his non-German and non-Magyar subjects for the maintenance of his throne . They are , therefore , no longer satisfied with the favours they have received since the commencement of the revolt in Hungary Proper , but they demand an independent ministry and legislative assembly , with a vice-regal government .

      THB B 0 MBARDMEKT OF UiliBBBa : The following extract of a letter dated Lembcrg will be read with interest , though ihe facts treated of are contemporaneous with the siege of Yienna : — 'You must have read accounts of tbe bombardment of Lemberg , and I can assure you that there were no grounds whatever for that military execution , since there had been , in fact , no revolution , no rioting at all . On tho 1 st ef November , in the evening , a few drunken artillery soldiers insulted some national guardsmen ; a strife ensued , in consequence of which two of the latter were killed . But , on a sudden , at about seven o'clock p . m ., three cannon shots were heard , which came from an Austrian battery established on a hill that commands the city .

      Immediately the lower class of the population begftn to erect barricades ; they were assisted in that work of defence by young men of tbe University , by Jews , & o . This erection of barricades lasted all sight , but as tbe first cannon shots were not followed during that time by any other attempt of the military against the city , nothing further was done by the citizens till daylight . In the meantime an agreement was mutually entered into by the civil authorities and the military ooamander-in-chief , that the troops were to ba removed from the city , and the barricades taken away . On the 2 nd Nov ., as the national guardsmen disbanded themselve ? , on the terms of the above-mentioned agreement , they were fired , upon , and some of them killed ou the spot , by the

      grenadiers of a Ruthenian battalion stationed on the square of the Holy Ghost . This unfortunate occur . Fence renewed the apprehensions of the inhabitants , Tho national guards assembled again , and tho barncades were again resorted to .. Isolated-shots were levelled at them by the soldiers , till at ten a . m ., the general fire of the heavy artillery opened against the devoted city . For more than two hours together batteries disposed on the neighbouring hills pound upon ns balls and shells of every sizj , and especially rockets . After more than two hours' bombardment the city vras allowed to capitulate , although it cannot be fairly admitted that it had revolted at all . It is pretty well known now that this bombardment had been premeditated and calmly decidedupon . .

      DISSOLUTION OF THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLYA CONSTITUTION GRANTED BY ROYAL CHARTER . Letters from Berlin to the evening of the 6 th inst ., announce that the King had , by the advice of his ministers , dissolved the Constituent Assembly , and declared a constitution , It appears inthePasujsiCHs Siaats AszsiQSR of the lib , wh'ioh contains also the royal ordonnance for the dissolution of the National Assembly . The main points of the constitution are the following : — 'Personal freedom is guaranteed by virtue of the Habeas Corpus Aot , of Sept . 24 th , 1848 . The domicile is inviolate , and death and confiscation of property are aboIisheJ , Freedom of religious worship is

      secured ; the right , of the general education of the people is guaranteed ; every Prussian may freely express his . opinions ; freedom of the press is conceded without censorship or pecuniary security ; public meetings may be held in houses without restraint , in the open air by permission of the police ; the secrecy of tha post is inviolate ; severs ! feudal privileges are abolished ; the King is not responsible , but his Ministers are ; there are to be two Chambers ;; the first composed of 180 members , te be elected by the provincial circle and district representatives , and to sit for six years ; the second to consist of 350 members , to be elected indirectly by universal suffrage , and directly by electors in the second degree , that is by electors ohssen by general suffrage ; no property qualification required for either Chamber . '

      In another royal decree the Chambers are convoked in Berlin on the 20 th ot February next ; the primary elections to take place on the 22 nd instant , and those in the second degree on theSih ot . Feb ruary , An Income Tax Bill is announced . .. The prohibition of public assemblages , has been extended to meetings of benerolent societies and other unpolitical associations , aa in some cases the meetings had been turned to political purposes . In special cases , however , the military authorities have granted an exemption . A benefit sooiety of factory workmen , having waited on General Wrangel for permission to hold a meeting , he not only , gave it , out presented the deputation with a sum of money , and wished his name to be entered as a member of it ; hut the offer waa declined , and the money afterwards

      sent back to him . M 0 RB TBICKS OP HIS ' GRACB OF GOB KIKflSHlP . The Pbbussiche Staats Akzsigeb , of the Jtn inst ., has added an important provision to one ef the clauses of the constitution . It is stated m that special law that every Prussian thirty years of age , and in full possession of his civie rights , is entitled to vote for the members of the First Chamber , provided he pays at least eight thalers yearly in taxes , or has landed property to the amount , at least , of 5 , 000 thalers , or a clear income of 500 thalers . Now , there is not one word in the constitution published on the night of the 5 th inst . in the Staats Anzeioeb respecting those peouniary qualifications . In fact , one

      was led to believe on that night tbat general suffrage was conceded , although in an indirect manner ; for the 65 th and 66 th articles , which relate to the qualification of the members of the First Chamber , or to the number of electors and electoral districts for the Second Chamber , are not only silent on that score , but are immediately followed by an article ( consequently the 67 th ) in which it is declared that every independent Prussian , twenty-four years of age , in possession of all his oivio rights , and residing during the previous six months in his csramune , has a vote , not the slightest allusion being made to a property or a taxation qualification . The other ' special laws ' which are to follow bring such unexpected additions to tho cwst-Btion , that it has the chance of pre-

      " ~ Fran^Ef^ " ^ Si Jtection Of The Repu...

      t AA J . - ' s T . vJL ¦ __ 1 . senting-before the 26 fch of-February next , features altogether different irom those it nbwwaars . Tie general feeling in Berlin " wilt rsspecfc to the conatitutioniisone'Windifference . ' - v ; THE FRANKFORT PARLIAMENT . In the Assembly on the 7 th inst , Herr'Wesend ' onk brought forward the following important r _ oiion J' That the National Assembly declare that the . dissolving of the Prussian Assiembly and the granting of a constitution are null and void . ' The urgency of the motion was admitted , and it was referred to a cmraittee , with instructions to bring up a speedy raport . The National Assembly passed alee a resolution abolishing capital punishment ( except by martial law , and in case of mutiny at sea ) , the use nf tha nillorv . and cornorfil chastisemfltt .

      ' TUB MAHTVR ROBSRT BUM , Bav-BU . —On the 4 th inst . there was a grand torch-light procession at Munich in honour of the late Robert Blum—not less than 1 . 800 persons bearing torches ( Including 300 students ) . The greatest order prevailed .

      THE WAR IN HUNGARY . The grand attack on the HuuBarianu had tot commenced ; but it was expected that it would ba soon begun . An engagement had already taken place before Pressburg . The imperial treops sent against the Magyars are 150 , 000 strong . It is said that Windischgrats had given up the command ef that army to Baron Grubey , and marie arrangements to take up his residence in Vienna . According , to accounts from Siebenburgen , the important town of Clausenburg has surrendered to the imperial troop ? . A sharp cannonade was heard on the lit inst . near Angern ( some ten miles frem Vienna ) . It is said that the imperial troops were obliged to make a retrograde movement . ' ' ¦ " ¦ ' ¦¦¦

      The Wibnbr Zeituno of December 1 contains the official report from the theatrerof war in Transylvania . Lieut . Col . Urban with his large corps had on the 13 h Nov . approached as far as Samos Ujvar , when he was suddenly attacked by a superior force from Klausenbnrg , and was simultaneously threatened on the flank . Tha Liautenant-Oolonel , without firing a shot , ooou pied the strong position to the left of Samos Ujvar , and there awaited the enemy , who was beaten back and completely worsted , Using from forty to fifty ( dead ) whs were all , however , carried off . One of the leaders also was shot down dead by a ball , but it was not ascertained who he wa ? . The village o < ' Mg , to the left of the main road , which showed hostility to the itnpt rial troops , was severely chastised by a column sent thither .

      It is asserted that the Magyars who had , eome weeks ago , penetrated into a part of Croatia , have taken tbe capital , Agram , and defeated the imperial troops on the Styrian frontier ; It is not a little remarkable that the imperialists , who , a short time ago , had advanced as far as Wieselburg , have withdrawn to the district this side of Bruck .

      ITALY . THB POPS . The Pope refused to gi on hoard the French steamer at Gaeta , or to proceed to France . Ho had ordered a number of Cardinals to repair to Malta , to be at hand to hold a conclave in the event oi hia demise . Tab Ronkn-Ridbizkv . —The Naziomaib , of the 1 st instant , states that the extraordinary contributions levied on Lombardy . by Marshal Radetzky amounted to 40 , 000 , 000 of liyres . Milan and the province had paid 13 205174 livres ; the town and province of Brescia , 5 . 500 , 000 ; Lodi and Cremona , 5 , 000 . 000 ; Pavia , 2000 , 000 ; Bergamo , 2 , 000 , 000 ; Como . 2 , 000 . 000 ; Valtelina , lfiOO 000 ; in' all 31 , 505 , 174 ; The returns for the provinces of Ore . monaand Mantua are not known . ' ' ¦

      Romas States . —It Nazionalb , of tbe 3 rd inst ., says : 'TheGovernor af Bologna will not acknowledge tha ministry . He has tent deputies into tho whole of Romagna to endeavour to form a party , and to compose a provisional government , consisting of Zucohi , Spado , and MastaL but . owing to the firm * ness oftae prolegate Lovatelli , Ferrara has given its adhesion to the ministry , Ancona has followed its example . Disorder reigns in the city of Bologna . It is said that the minister Campello ordered all the troops to concentrate themselves at Foligno and Cattolica , but that the Swiss commander , Latour , had replied , that the Swiss had made an engagement with the Pope , and not with Galetti and Campello , and they would not acknowledge their authority . So far from obeying the orders , the commander had marched the Swiss troops to Bologna . Gavmi has embarked at Ancona for Venice .

      A more serious movement occurred , at Ancona on the 1 st , when the people assembled with loud shouts of' VtvehRepublique' and proclaimed a provisional government in connexion with the ministry at Rome . Count Gonfalionere is president ; the other members are the Marquis Beninoaaa , Lalne , Colindri , Tanetti , and Morioi . While this was going on , the sailors of the Sardinian fleet in the harbour paraded the streets , uttering seditious cries against their officers , and especially the admiral . THE POPB TURNED TRAITOR—ATTBMPIBD'

      COUNTERREVOLUTION . The following news has been received at Pari ; , dated Rome , Deo . 4 th . A rescript had been received at Rome from the Pope , who was still at Gaeta , annulling tbo acts of the ministry , and superseding the Chambers by appointing a state commission , invested with supreme authority . The Chamber of Deputies had declared the' rescript invalid , aod the member * - of the state csmtuissioa had declined to act . A deputation had been appointed to visit the Pope and invite him io return to Rome . The city remained tranquil .

      Letter From Richard Pilling, [Formerly O...

      LETTER FROM RICHARD PILLING , [ Formerly of Ashton-under-Lyhe , now residing in the United States . !

      Stujvasent Falls , Columbia County , State of New York , November 12 th , 1848 . Dbab Wifb and Cnc-iEBNjr-1 write to you hoping to find you iu good health , as "these few lines leave meatpresent . I landed on tho llth of October , and stopped in New York six days , but could not get vrark . I heard they wanted weavers at this place . I left New York City at fire o ' clock , in tho afternoon , and landed at Kindernook , at five o ' clock on the following morning , which is 130 miles from New York City up the Hudson * River , and five miles from this place . They landed me in a wood by myself , and there was neither man ner house to

      be seen . I walked intothe woodand found a tavern , and stopped till daylight , and got my breakfast for twenty-five crnts . I had then ten cents , left . It was a wet morning , and the roads : very bad . I commenced on the following morning weaving on four looms , . twenty-eight inches wide , sixty picks in one inch , thirty-eight yards , long , 32 ' i weft and twist , for lOd . per cut . The looms here ran about ninety picks per minute , and the master gives one halfpenny per cut lor picking them . They give s ilf . aoters 16 a . per week ; ¦¦ strippers and grin Jers 16 % per week ; throstle spinners-and frame tenters 10 i . per week ; dressers from threehalfpance to twopence per cut for dressing . They dress here with

      potato starch . The dressers makethe starch themselves for nothing . Frame-spinners . There are very few frame-spinntrs here—they have . 2 s . -91 . per thousand hanks , for 400 spindles in one mule . The factory system is the same all over the world , I believe . Wo work twelve hsurs per day in winter and thirteen in summer . The masters and overlookers are not such great tyrants here as they are in England . But a Ten Hours Bill is very much wanted here by the operatives , and I believe in a very few ' years will be obtained , and would be in a very few months if we had such good men here as Mr Hindley , Mr Oastler , Mr Fielden , and Lord Ashley .

      There is more equality here than in England , for both rich and poor associate together . Trade is bad here , and many thousands are out of work , Hundreds are returning home , and thousands would if tbey had the means . But , iu my opinion , thereiare far more ways for a . woikingman to get a living here than there are ia England , for no trade is locked up here by trades' unions , as is the case in England . People in the towns are immigrating to the far west every year in thousands . The manufacturers here keep truck shops , ' by whioh they make a profit ol nearly fifty per cent , by everything they sell . Provisions are lower here than in England—flour , one dollar per 28 ibs . ; sugar , from 3 d , . to 4 | d . per pound ; treacle , Is . CJ . per gallon ; , tea , from 2 j . to 4 * . per pound ; butcher's meat ,, from 2 d . to 4 d . per pound ; butter . 10 d . per pound '; potatoes , 4 s . per bushel ;

      Indian mealj Is . 9 d . per 25 ibs . ; tobacco , . from 81 . to lOd . per pound ; wooden houses , for working people to live in , from thirty to fifty dollars per year ; wood or coal for fire will cost 2 i . 6 d . per week the year round ; soap ,. 31 . per pound ; pork , irom 2 d . to 41 . per pound ; pigs , three months old , frem 5 j , to 6 s . each ; milk , from four to five cents per quart ; but in the far west provisions are much lower , and m the towns , too , if yoa fen * «» ready jdjosot . 3 saw a man buy a quarter et a cow for threehalfpenoe per pound ; cheese , 4 ( 2 . per pound . ' ¦¦ _ I should wish you to publish a part of this letter in the Ashtonian , and aho send a copy of it to George Julian Harney , and request him to give my respects to Mrs Harney , and Mr and Mrs Rider , and Mr and Mrs Gill . Perhaps , if this letter , or a portion of it , were published in the Star , it might be useful . Thomas Mellor is living with me , and woikrog on

      five looms . ... , . Dear wife and children , let me knew how you intend to act with respect to coming to this country , and I will begin to prepare . Give my respects to Aitken , Taylor , Orme , Brooks , Stores , Duke , and Bedford , and all my friends and neighbours , May you be able to bear up against your oppressors . There are no police here , nor have I seen a begg > r since I came here . So no more at present from , jour affectionate husband and father , RlO-AW P ' xLUHQ ,

      ..,,.,, To The P ^ Eopxe .X>F England. ^...

      ..,,.,, TO THE P ^ EOPXE . X > F ENGLAND . ^ •' - ' : ' ¦ - , ; \\' : ¦ •' ¦ - . . Lima VII , ¦ Fsitow CotjNKttMBs , —! have been honoured by several lriendly communications , and . the presentation " of many publications , conveying information on two important questions mooted by Mr \ V . Rand , vfz .: The Currency , and An Equal National Peor Rate . . The gentlemen who have thus kindly appreciated my remarks on those subjects have my sincere thanks . : I had previously examined some of those pamphlets , the rest shall have my attention when time will allow . One friend imagines that , 'for prudential reasons , I purposely hold back my opinions on the Currency . ' He mistakes . I cannot give an opinion on a subject I do not comprehend .

      I have not been able to discover the neeesiary proportion of currency required to represent a given amount of cfficftanoea & Je wealth . Iihink tbat most essential part of the Currency Question still remains undiscovered . Until that point is settled on fixed aad irrefragable principles , I am of opinion that the Currency will continue to be a vexed question . In consequence of " information received since my laat letter was published , lam induced to return to the consideration of the question of an Equal National Poor Rate , The vast importance of the subject is my apology . It is needful to bear in mind some of the specified objects expected to be gained by this measure , ' viz .: 'to put a stop to the peasantry leaving , or being driven from their native fields , and accumulating iu large towns . ' That system beingnolonger profitable

      to the manufacturers , Mr W " . Rand proposes that it shaU be abandoned . Again , the removal of those immigrants who are located in the manufacturing districts ( they havipg become a heavy burden to these who some years ago prevailed upon them ' to leave their native fields' ) and their re-settlement in the agricultural districts , where , on the authority of onr agricultural societies , ' Mr W . Rand believes that agriculture presents a field in whioh to employ every idle labourer in the , country . The lamentable decrease of * the numbers employed in agriculture' since 1811 , will , it is expected , cease to oxist under an Equal National Poor Law . 'Theresult would be , ' says Mr W . Rand , * a largely increased production , an increased home trade , and & much more satisfactory state of feeling among the working cltsaes . '

      It is . also asserted ,, 'The result wonld be a great diminution of the aggregate amount [ of the poor rate ] , in consequence of increased employment in the cultivation of the soil , and , 'Mr W . Rand says , ' we should see contentedness and satisfaction existing among those classes whose unfortunate condition cannot ba viewed without anxiety and alarm . ' Mr W . Rand does . not fail to impress . upon his manufacturing readers the importance of equalising . tht poor rates , because 'they are in many instances ten times , more in the pound [ in . large towns ] than the average rates in the agricultural parts of the kingdom . '

      Now , fellow countrymen , it is undeniable that , if such beneficial results are consequent on the adoption of an Equal National Poor Rate , the present condi - tion of the agricultural districts must be prosperous ; the farmers finding it difficult to obtain labourers , and . capital pressing itself for . investment > in agricultural pursuits ? . Else , Mr W .. Rand has failed to discover a remedy for the evils he deplores . A few days ago I had occasion to visit a farm house in Surrey . That visit , though transient , furnished me with important information . It afforded me the means of demonstrating to Mr W . Rand , tbat the return of the agricultural immigrants from the manufacturing districts to 'their native fields , ' coald

      not , until agricultural produce ia made remuneratory , ba productive of tha agricultural prosperity he anticipates . It was a moonlight evening when I arrived at the railway station . Tfce farm house is a mile thence . On my way through the shady lanes I met several agricultural labourers—not resuming from their work —but begging and seeking employment ! _ My friend ^ the farmer was absent . Bis farm-bailiff had business at a neighbouring village . I had not been long conversing with the wife of the latter ere she was summoned to the outer door ; two unemployed labourers were there seeking for work ; one had been without employment thirteen , the other , seven weeks !

      The good housewife informed me— 'Not an hour passed without such applications . What is to become of the poor creatures this winter , ' she exclaimed , ' I do not know 1 ' She continued— ' Matter is followed about by tbe poor labourers begging for work wherever he goes . He bas no heart to refuse , and very often sends them to be employed by my husband when there is nothing for them to do . But , ' the wife continued , ' my husband says , 'he will soon tire ; prices are so low , and crops so bad . ' ' Enough to make any one tire I' I rejoined . On the return of the bailiff , I learned that 'in consequence of the kind disposition of his master , he had generally more labourers on his farm than he could profitably employ . ' On . my return , I walked with my friend tha farmer to the station , On the way he was besieged by labourers asking for work .

      In that district vast numbers are ont of work . Many farmer , are abandoning corn for milk , the uncertainty of remunerating prices being the reason assigned . This change will cause still less employment for the labourers . I have not heard of any agricultural district where labaurers are fully employed , 'A surplus population' is still the cry , proving how futile are the schemes of migration and emigration ; establishing tho fact that the return of the immigrants from the manufacturing districts to 'their native fields' will not produce the benefits antiol pated and promised by Mr W . Rand . And why ? Because , in agricultural pursuits , the prices ere

      not remunerating , and farmers , like manufacturers , cannot employ labourers , and prosper , when there is ' no margin for profits at all , ' when they cannot' get prime cost for anything . ' They wither under the chilling worship of the god called cheapness , ' which is sat up in England'by the manufacturers . ' As in the manufacturing district ? , so in the agri cultural districts— ' Real prosperity consists in all being employed , and selling the products of industry for more than they cost / Those words are from the pen of Mr If . Rind . Is he prepared thus to administer to the agriculturists ? Then must he eschew every dsgma ot that school whose master ' s nomination he seconded at the last election for the West Riding of Yorkshire I

      Why ia there a superabundance of latourera in the agricultural districts ? Why do the numbers em played in agriculture diminish ? Why do we not grow all the agricultural produce required for the people ? Not because we have not room , nor yet quality of soil . Solely because the manufacturers will havs ii so ! They think foreign produce cheaper , and foreign trade more profitable than those of home ! and , through him whose election Mr W . Rand promoted , they have persuaded our Legislature to adopt tbat ' great and serious delusion . ' When the manufacturers will cease to depress agriculture , they may entertain the scheme of getting rid of the immigrants , who then , instead of' eating up'their betrayers , may once more become their best customers .

      I do not apologise for deferring the consideration of Mr W . Rand ' s third remedy . The information gleaned in tho farm house is apposite , and will , I am sure , materially aid us in forming a proper estimate of Mr W . Rand ' s second remedy , » It is necessary that that gentleman should explain how or b y what process an equal national poor rate will enable tho fare era to give employment' to every idle labourer in the country . ' Mr W . Rand has given the sanction of hia name and talents to the promotion of those objects ; he has

      used his influence to establish those principles which have obtained an unhaprjy notoriety for Mr Richard Cobden , and have caused ' England te set up a gcd called ' cheapness , ' to which 'everything in the shape of industry is to be sacrificed . ' He now feels the destructive nature of that idol ' s worship , and would fain release himself from its unbearable pressure ! It is not enough that he nominates certain modes of escape from his sell » icflioted torture ; it is also required ol him to demonstrate how his proposed measures will relieve others , and insure their

      prosperity . It is neither wise nor safe to try more experiments on the patience of a suffering people—to make play things of a betrayed and famished peasantry ! At suoh a time as this—from such a man we expect raasons unanswerable— 'demonstration strong as Holy Writ , ' that what he new proposes will assuredly produce the promUed results , and issue in the prosperity of the people . ... . Mr W . Rand tells us , on the authority of ' our agricultural societies , ' that ' agriculture presents a field in which to employ every idle labourer in the country ; ' on tbe testimony ot ' many of the most at their

      influential and eminent speakers meetings , ' he informs as that' our agricaltnral produce might : be doubled with advantage . ' On his own authority I he communicates 'the fact , that the land of tms country is capable , under jarf cultivation , o ^^ vastly increased production . ' 1 believe all thejeatateraentB . For the reasons I have given , I do not believe that an e qual national poor-rate will enable , the agncuitarisH to bring a single additional acre into oaltaTat ? on-or * fiimprove the culture of an acre-or , to gWe ^ ploym ? nt to ^ additional labourer-or , to ornn one mote eat oi corn ' . . , 8 W . Rand to expose my ignorance , and * l . * Vv " '_ :- „ ,, «? Wanmm sad remedy 1

      ^" nS-TaliS ^ The truefriend of native industry , in field , cottnting . hou 8 e , Bhop , 8 hip , ormill , Fulham , Middlesex . u *™ £ Z ° \ 2 u P . s ! -Inmy last letter , paragraph 3 rd , line W . for 'araumont / read , * * _ reejaeuti ¦* . » , «•

      The Representation; Of Tib • ¦ * ¦ ¦E-- ...

      THE REPRESENTATION ; OF Tib ¦ * ¦ ¦ e-- ^ s . « - . | | ^ RroiNGT "''" The nomination of the candidates for the seat in the House of Commons rendered vacant by the succession of Lord Morpeth to the pierage took place on Monday , at "Wakefield . The hustings were erected in froht of the Court , house , and were shortly before eleven o ' clock occupied by the fiiends of the respective candidates . Mr E . Dknison , on reaching the hustings , was received with three rounds of cheers . Sir C . Eardley ' s indisposition did not pernr ' thim to be present , and he was represented by Mr Bright , wbo was greeted with loud plaudi : s by his friends . Mr Kydd ( the Chartist candidate ) was also attended by a numerous body of Chartists who cheered him lustily .

      . About eleven o ' clock the Under Sheriff ; Mr Gray , opened the proceedings , by stating in a short speech , the object for which the mefting was assembled . The usual formal prelirainarieshaving been gone through , ' , ' r Mr J . Hamerton rose to propose ... the-nomiha * tion of Sir C . Eardley , amidst chee rs'anddisapprobation , and •; .- ~ ' ' Mr F . Carbutt , of Leeds , in seconding the ttorfiU nation , was received with cheers and groans . Both , the speakers avowed themselves in ' favour' / of the ballot , and an extension of the suffrage . ' ' ' - MrE . Lascellks , who was received ' -with mini gled cheers and hooting , proposed the riominatibn of Mr E . Denison . " : '•" ¦ ' " . ¦'

      -Mr John Rand , of Wheatley Hill , seconded-the nomination of Mr Denisen . * - Mr Isaac Ironsidks , of Sheffield , on rising to nominate Mr Samuel Kydd , as a fit and proper person to represent the Biding in Parliament , was received with the most enthusiastic cheers of the Chartists , who occupied a favourable position in trontofthe hustings . He referred to the revolutions on the continent , and asked—what had the governing classes of this country done since these events to meet the wants of the people ? Nothing . He begged their pardon—they had spent'money wrung from the people , to foment-conspiracies ( hissing ); and then , when tne conspiracies were

      ripe , they seized on the conspirators . 'Eternal disgrace on them for such acts . ( 6 roa ' ns . ' )^ He had pledged himself , when Mr Fitzwilliam came'forwafd , ifnooneelsecamehe would propose a-candidatCi But Charles withdrew . ( Laughter . ) Since then , a union of Conservatives and Conservative-Whigsthe first time he had heard of this , bybriri ^ nimal —( laughter )—met , and proposed Mr Din ' uon . He had attended care f ully to tbat honourable gentleman ' s addresses . The conclusion he had come to was , that he would alter nothing ( Mr Denison : I never said so ) . Not in so many words , but when he ( Mr Ironsides ) asked him what measures he would propose to ameliorate the condition of the

      people , ho said , * With great respect I answer , I don't know . ' ( Cries of ' Do you know ? ' ) He was not on his trial , but he would try to do it . In the first place he would get quit of Ireland—he would restore its nationality , and then the Irish intelligence would provide for the miserable creatures who now crowded the labour market of England . He would next restore the nationality of Scotland . He would cut away from royalty all its costly barbaric splendour . He would restore the property of the Church to its original uses — he would disband the army . There * was no necessity for an army in a kingdom—it should be on tbe frontier , if anywhere . He would reduce the navy to someihhK like useful

      proportions ; he would abolish the accursed game laws he would have in every parish and township boards of administration to provide for the profitable employment of the people , composed of the best men thatconld be got together . He would restore to every man the right of Magna Charts of which he had been unjustly deprived—that every man who paid taxes should have a voice in their distribution . His opponents could not answer the question how they were io deal with the labouring millions , and a ? he believe ! Mr Kydd could answer the question he begged leave to nominate hira as a fit and proper candidate . ( Loud cheers . )

      Mr Bko 3 k , of Huddersfield , seconded the nomination . Mr Bright then presented himself to address the meeting on behalf of Sir C . Eardley . He said , that he had been requested to read to the meeting a brief address from Sir C . Eardley , who was prevented from being present by illness . Mr Bright then read the paper , which commenced with an apology for the absence of Sir C . Eardley , and a vindication of his political career . It then recapitulated his principles , the first of which was tha Ballot . Then tbe country requires the abolition of all small constituencies , where great men could dictate to the electors even with the Ballot . It requires

      the substitution of larger districts , I will not say absolutely equal districts , at tbe same time I mint say there are gigantic districts which might be advantageously divided , if long purses are not tocarry ^ the day , and candidates are to be killed with fatigue . ( Laughter . ) Then , why have one law of qualification for members in Scotland , and another in England ? Surely a candidate who is good enough for the electors , is good enough for the house , and a roan with a little stake is as likely to be honest as a man with a g reat stake . ( Cheers . ) Then , as to the duration of Parliament , the Whigs teok away our Triennial Parliament—that is ( said the right honourable gentleman ) the Whigs of 140 years agf > ,

      not the Whigs of the present day ; and if the Whigs will not restore them , we must recover fliem without them . And now I come to the Suffrage . The people are not fairly represented , and the people will never be s & tisfied till tbey are fairly represented . The knowledge and intelligence of the people has rapidly increased of late years , and the Suffrage ought to be extended so as to make Parliaments fair reflection of intelligent public opinion , ^ believe the municipal franchise applied to Parliament would do this—meaning , of course , the Municipal Suffrage for boroughs—and something analogous for counties . But in this matter I shall try to act with the Reform party . If we can beat the Tories , old

      and new , with the Municipal Franchise , I think it will be best . But , if something wider is required , in order to rally public opinion , I tell you frankly that I prefer Household Suffrage to standing still . To my apprehension , Household Suffrage would he somewhat too' far for a first step ; but to stand still in the midst of revolutionised Europe would be dangerous to the peace and integrity of the empire . ( Cheers . ) I desire a thorough revision of our . national expenditure , but I fear we shall never obtain it till Parliament is reformed . Such a Parliament will command the confidence of Ireland—not by repealing the Union , but by making it real—not by bribing the priests , but by doing equal justice to all .

      By this means our army will be diminished ; but who dare hope for a thorough reduction of our army , and of any other department , under the present system ? Reform will develope Free Trade . Colonial interests will then no longer be able to force you to consume dear sugar . The repeal of the Navigation Laws may , perhaps , be gained at once but it will then be certain . Again , our whole county system will be likely to be revised . I ask—and I ask it as a landowner deeply interested in the replywhy are payers of rates to elect those who expend I them in towns and not in counties ? Again , we s should have some chance of repealing the Game i Laws and abolishinc Church Rates—( hear , hear)—

      with a reformed Parliament—those two fertile j sources of parochial crime and parochial quarrels . . The one is riot more prejudicial to morality than the s other is to reli gion . And now I am brought to a i subject which I mention last , though 1 feel it most t —most because there is nothing for which b , we need . Parliamentary reform more than a to prevent statesmen making a tool of religion , i . You will never prevent this on Tory . principles , s . You are only insulting a Catholic if you refuse hira a your money for his faith , while you demand his is money for your own . Gentlemen , we must either sr pay all or none . And I say , both as a citizen and id as a Protestant , let us pay none . Nay , I contend , as is a mere bearer of the Christian name , —I think if I I were a sincere Roman Catholic I should feel it as as

      much as I do now , —that it is treason to the very ry idea of religion to make a plaything of Christianity ; y ; to tell the Catholic that his faith is on a level with tb . heresy and the Protestant that his faith is on a level rel with Popery . Such a course is equivalent to a national lal profession of infidelity ( ' Oh I oh ! ' ) , and to such a » a course I will not be a party . —The address coneluded . edby assuring the electors , that if elected , he ( Sir C . C . Eardly ) , would be a faithful advocate of their liberal ral opinions , and the guardian of their local interests , its , Mr Bright then continued to say , that by the the : permission of the Under-Sheriff he would address a is a few words to the meeting on behalf of Sir C . C ., Eardley , and just such as he might have expresse _ , ied „ had he been present . Mr Bright proceeded amidstidst ; hisses and cheers to address the meeting . Here-regarded that vast meeting as a jury assembled to try tryi

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Dec. 16, 1848, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_16121848/page/7/