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Northern Star (1837-1852), 16th August 1845, Edition 2 of 4, Page 1, COLNE. Chartist Co-opeuatiyk Lanu Societ...

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      Ibbjliand

      IBBJliAND

      To The ^Working Classes. • Mr Fjiiexds,—...

      TO THE ^ WORKING CLASSES . Mr Fjiiexds , —I am rioir about-to lay ; before ybi theresidt of a fc \ y , days' experience on the' subject o : ' -the' land . On Monday week I addressed the people 6 T Sheffield , in a very large building , the Circus . " The wholcbcusc , with the exception of a portion ol flieplace , where the horsesperform , wascraninied . Oar steady old friend Briggs officiated as chairman ; and after I had spoken at considerable length , some , questions were asked , which I answered to the satisfaction of all ; and some , who had tried experiments , Tslnntecred to assert that my statements fell far short of vrhat might be realised . A gentleman from . Belgium waited upon me at my hotel . " lie was ae compauicd by his father . He had intended to start for Belgium in the morning , but hearing of my visit , he remained to hear my lecture , and the following is the statement which he authorised me to make to ' the meeting . The small farm , or allotment system , prevails generally throughout Belgium . Labourers hold from half an acre to two acres , usually at a rent

      of £ 7 , £ 8 , ami £ 9 the acre . In the majority ol i cases , these parties , in a very few years , purchase their holdings for ever , with the profits derived , after living u-eH , and supporting their families . The man who supplies him with milk got" agoodchance " of two and a half acres for nine guineas a year , and he very soon bought it " out and out forever" He made a tour through sixty miles of the country last year , to show it to his father ; and the old gentleman assured me that the whole scene was a perfect para dise . The laml is cultivated up to the very road side . Both highly approved of the Land scheme , . -mil are of opinion that the most greedy person would find two acres ample . The meeting was variously composed of all classes . A vote of thanks to , and entire confidence in me , and approval of the Land plan , was . unanimously and enthusiastically passed . I disposed of one half the rules that I had for

      thirteen nights' stock , and all appeared anxious to join . On Tuesday morning I visited some allotments . Amongst others that of Charles Leesley , who holds the sixteenth part of an acre , for which he pays £ 1 . 10 * ., or at the rate of £ 21 per acre . Leesley is by trade a stonemason , lie has air . ady sold fifty-two ' shillings ' , worth of gooseberries , and his bushes are still weighed down . lie gave me a sample to take to Barnsley . They were as large as pullets' eggs . lie also gave me a sample of peas , which he reguestcd me to name , as they were new ones in this country . I named them the " Chartist Marrow-fat . " He has a plot of wheat , such as I neversaw . He sowed at the rate of less than one peck of seed to the acre , which is but one-fourth oi what farmers generally bow : many sow twelve pecks , or three bushels . Leesley ' sis raUter too thick ; though he has saved 9 s . in ever ? 10 s . in hisseed . lie dibbled

      it , according to my plan ; and his crop averages FORTY stalks from each grain of seed ; and each »? r of the forty , he says , will average fifty grains . i ; m : yon . vnl sec ihs . i , niutilhiv as h may appear , r .-r -J ~ . v * -- < . s ' . o y ^ . y . n <«> Triv >^ SiM-JESL"iJ-i . That is , is eidi « rj ;! i of &<&• f ives' ;«¦ iy s ; aiks , an-. l ;! ' c iit : ii » - ; ir t to each ' swik gives fifty grains , he will iuiyn just two thousand grains for every grain he sowed . That is , if he sowed a peck , he would reap two thousand pecks . Xow , four pecks make one' bushel ; and eight bushels make one quarter : that is , thirty-two pecks make one quarter ; and if the produce estimated in this case be realised , it will amount to the astounding produce of something more than sixtytwo quarters to the acre ! while the average

      produce of England is three and a half quarters , or not so much . This mpde of increasing produce would be the most expeditious mode of repealing the Cora Laws , in ray opinion . Ilowcvcr enormous this estimate of produce niay appear , it Is asserted in a very celebrated work on Agriculture that the writer produced , near IIull , eighty-four quarters from an acre . . Bear in mind , that 1 state what all men may see ivitli their own eyes . At least twenty other persons were present when I was , and heard and saw what I did . Suppose that , instead of sixty-two , Leesley can produce twelve quarters from one-twelfth of the usual quantity of seed : could not the land under wheat in England be made to produce four times as much as it now does I Leesley told us all

      that he would not take £ 15 for his interest m the land ; and that he would not take £ 10 for the " staff " now on It . That is , he would not take at the rate of £ 160 an acre for the " stuff ; " for he has only the sixteenth part of an acre . lie only works at it" a bit now and then , " on an "odd Sunday" or so ; and he says that , if he had two acres , he never again would work an hour at his trade , whatever wages he c > nld get . It is impossible to describe the appearance of his crops , iHany old farmers come a dozen miles to see them . They are all getting the Land mania in Sheffield as fast as they can . Two young men , the one a spring-blade grinder , and the other an umbrellahandle maker , accompanied me to Barnsley , and from thence to Leeds . Tiie humbrelhi-handle ' maker held , the one-eighth of an acre , for which , with a

      garden house of two bed rooms , he paid 2 s . lid . a week ; or at the rate of £ 44 an acre . He said that he made the ground himself ; and that but for the house being too bad to live in lie would never give ii up . This young man told me that from tvhat he had himself done , he was satisfied that with two acres he could support his family well , and at the end of thi year have saved more than he now earns at his trade —a guinea a week . That is , that alter living well , and paying his way , he could save fifty-two guincaayear from the cultivation of two acres , lie sold one head of cabbage for old . ; and he sold , in three parte , one head ef celery for Sd . It weighed GJIbs ;; and when I mentioned the fact in his presence at Barnsley , a man stated that a neighbour of his had grown one lStfbs .

      BARXSLEV , GLORIOUS BAMSLET . m On Tuesday IarrivedatBarnsley , withinytwowork ing men companions , who came in the same carriage with me . It poured in torrents all day ; and jet tht streets were full of people to meet me . At four , we sat down to an excellent dinner : and how I did long for the time when every working man in England would sit down every day to as good a one . Peter Ilooy was in the chair . After dinner we had some chat and a few speeches . At seven the doors wenthrown open ; and the large Odd Fellows' Hall soon became crowded . Peter was again placed in the chair ; when Frank Mirfield proposed , and the meeting seconded , a very flattering address to iuc , declaring entire confidence in me . What most delighted me at the dinner was , that English and Irish were interspersed , and sat in happy union . I spoke at considerable length , and answered several questions

      that were put to me . I disposed of all the rules had . ' Asmox did not make his appearance . There is a very strong association at Barnsley . It is increasing every week . On Wednesday morning I went to visit several allotments near the town . Tkonia . - Adam holds the seventh part of an acre , for which lie pays £ 7 , or at the rate of £ 8 an acre . lie has a crop of wheat which is estimated to produce at the rate of more than eight quarters ; and all his crops are equally good . I visited several other allotments , for which the occupants pay at the rate of £ 10 an acre for miserable , wet , swampy , had land : and yet not one would p art with his plot . I cannot say much for their condition : for , with the exception of one man ' s plot , they are shamefully neglected . Peter Iloey works his own at spare hours ; and his is second best , but by no means as good as it ought to be . But yet they are all very profitable .

      VELDS . On Wednesday I attended a meeting in the great Bazaar at Leeds , and it was inconvenient ^ crammed . I made a long ; speech upon the Land and Charter questions ; and , after I had answered some questions , a deserter of the name of Baron tried to disturb the meeting ; but was , after hearing what he had to say , hooted down , as he very richly deserved . Poor " Jim Moslej " : did not make his appearance ; but he wrote aletter of apology for his absence to the chairman , and abusing me ; which said letter was received with ?

      * nearty laugu . - The Chartists of Leeds are the most practical body in England , and the most united , notwithstanding the many attempts to sow the seeds of dissension among them . Last mghi proved to me that all such attempts will signally fait There are two remarkable facts which I must mention . Firstly , the best Chartists are the men who have joined the Land Association ; and , secondly , all the large farmers in the several districts where my plan has been tried on the allotments , are beginning to follow it , and to admit its superiority over the old system .

      I may truly say that I never saw such a spirit of enthusiasm amongst the working classes as there is at the present time . I neverhad such meetings , and never had so much support . The Leeds men passed a vote of cordial thanks to me , and of confidence in the whole Executive ; and paid £ 12 s . of the debt due to the Executive ,

      H 0 DDEB 5 FIELD . On Thursday I visited Huddersfield , and addressed a most attentive , numerous , and respectable audience at considerable length , upon the social and political rights of the ' working classes . All that I have done m the way of adding to the Land fund , and discharging the large debt due to the Executive , will appear in next week ' s Star , on my return to London , lluddersfield has done its fair share . On Friday morning I visited Mr . Thornton ' s allotment , of which I have before spoken in former letters . My good old friend John Leech accompanied me , and the follow ing is what we saw : —Mr . Thornton pays £ 710 s . a year for less than If acre of moor land , without anv wrase .- Be has had it in work for five yearsand

      , says that it is now worth four times as much as it was when he first took it . He has , on that quantify of ground , four of the largest " short horned cows I have seen for some time ; and " the produce presses so hardly upon their powers of consumption , _ that he * iH b i obliged to get another cow to eat it . _ He has been obliged to mow a considerable portion of his artificial -rass for hav . Now this very . nearly bears out the assertion that a quarter of an . acre can be made to support a cow well . Air . Thornton . is . confident that no man living can till up to the heigtit / asmuchas two acres of land . . This r-t entleman has rceeritly taken about fourNacres more land , and hasj'I am ' told , moat KtonUhlng cropsupon

      To The ^Working Classes. • Mr Fjiiexds,—...

      it . At Huddersfield I came in contact with a verv intelligent agricultural labourer , who is in the habit of doing " iob work" for gentlemen , lie told me that he had dibbled a good deal of wheat for parties this year upon my plan ; and in no instance had he sown asmuch as a peck per acre . He sowed two acres for one gentleman ; and all that he has sown is , out of all comparison , better than the crops around sown in th ° JBjal ^ ay . He charges sixteen shillings an acre for dibbling , and saves eleven pecks of seed , twelve pecks being the quantity usually sown by farmers

      , brauford ; On Friday I addressed the men of Bradford . Scores were obliged to go away . No admittance , deorgc White was called to the chair , amid great applause , from his townsmen . I spoke at » reat length , and was in very good spirit * . They toll me 1 spoke well . After , 1 had concluded , one of the fine old breed of handloom weavers , with grey hair , got up and said that about twelve of the Chartists ol Stanuinglcy had taken twenty-seven [ acres of land , at two guineas per acre , about two years ago , and would not : now take £ 500 for their interest in it .

      Whenever a master'discharged a man for being a Chartist , they employed him at fifteen ' shillings a week , which madethe masters very cautious on the question of " bagging" their men , as they became " saucy" and "independent " when they found out their real value . Several' others followed , giving glowing accounts of what' they had done with one acre t > two acres , and three acres of land ; and all agreeing that I had underrated its value . ' One poor fustian jacket , who had "tried a bit , " threw down his £ 2 12 s ., saying , " I'll be my own master as soon as I honestly can . " We had a splendid night of it ; and Bradford did its full share for the Executive .

      HALIFAX . On Saturday I addresscdjthc people of Halifax" Old Ben ltushton" in the chair . We had a glorious meeting , though the spacious Odd Fellows' llall was not quite full , but very nearly so . Here , as inmost other places , many , questions were asked me , which I answered satisfactorily , and a large subscription was made for the Executive . Mr . Alderson , secretary- for the Bradford district , made a most admirable spetxh aftevme , iv which was U ; i . v re . 'sWk . iWe

      scnhll « e ^ _ ily-irifc : ; : h ( --u . nuw . he $ r ' lft n ' , ] t 1 , ai Air . O'Connor values paly six ' or tight hours of your labour during summer ; but you must ask yourselves what the value of your labour would be , if you were to apply the same number of hours every day in the year to the laud that you are now obliged to appl y to the productions of competing machinery . " It would be impossible to describe the effect of this very trite and pithy sentence . It had a kind of magical effect . They are the " words of wisdom , " which give ine so great an advantage over all my own class .

      MAXCHESTBH . On Sunday I spoke at Manchester , in the Carpenters" Hall . It was literally crammed , at twopence per head ; a regular . overflow . Every one of the Executive spoke ; and I made a long speech , and one that gave general satisfaction . Enrolment , selling rules , and subscribing for the Executive , went on to a very late hour ; and , as usual , Manchester was itself once more . We had indeed a glorious night of it . There were people from all the neighbouring towns and counties .

      BLACKBURN . On Tuesday I addressed the people of Blackburn in an immense building , capable of holding several thousand . We had a very fine muster , but the iiu mense place was not full . However , the numbers present would have filled a large building . The audience was most attentive and respectable ; and the subject being new , I spoke for nearly three hours , and gave very general satisfaction . So much , my friends , for my tour—so far as I have gone ; and now for a few general observations . One great objection to the plan , namely , the impossibility of those accustomed to artificial labour being turned into farmers , is triumphantly refuted . During the

      whole of life we have been taught to look upon landlords , farmers , and agricultural labourers , as the most ignorant portion of the nation ; while work upon work has been written on the science of agrieulture . Now mark this most remarkable fact : instead of the shoemaker , tailors , and operatives , who never handled aspadctill within these two or three years , looking to the old farmers for ' example and instruction , we have the admission , that wherever there are allotments or small farms , the old hands come ten and twenty wiles to get a -lesson from those who commence the science according to the most recent discoveries ^ "It is much easier to bring up a child to virtuous habits from infancy than to correct bad habits and reclaim that child :

      so it is much easier to teach the uninitiated according to the most approved plan , than to reclaim those steeped in prejudice from their tad habits : ; 1 ) 6 not lose sight of that fact . ' . Having'thus given you an account of the most satisfactory tour that I have ever made , I will give you , in brief terms , the conclusions I have come toV' There never were so many Chartists in England as at the present moment . There never was so safe a mind in England as there how is . There never was so much wisdom among the working classes as at present . And so surely as it is now pouring doivn rdiiittpon theharvest , sosurely will that mind and wisdom be speedily brought into action .

      I could not describe to the men of London the enthusiasm , marked kindness , and confidence with which I have been everywhere received ; and this enthusiasm and confidence has been tenfold increased by the insane attempts of the O'Briens , the Carpenters , the Hilfe , and the -Walking , to damage . me in public estimation . 1 take this opportunity of thanking the working classes of every town that I have been in for their kindness and marked attention ; and of assuring them that the unbounded confidence reposed in me shall never be abused , forfeited , or betrayed . 1 shall now say one word about the

      HARVEST . As to the hay , the farmers in many instances have already been at the expense of making their hay three and four times over . In many cases , where the hay was fit to be drawn , the rain has fallen and rendered it necessary for the farmer to go through the process of making it over again ; and when made a second , and even a third time , he has been again caught ; and in numerous instances it is rotting upon the ground , after having been made as often as four times . Those who believe in the old Irish adage , "Sow when you will , you will reap in harvest , " lost sight of tho fact , that " harvest" may never come . I have at this time travelled through many counties of England , and I have conversed with

      intelligent men who have travelled in counties in which have not been ; and the conclusion to which I come is , that the grain generally is now in the state in which , of an average year , the crops ought to be about the last weeK of June , or the first week of July . The perpetual rains are keeping the corn green and growing . Much is laid ; and the weeds , when hot weather comes , if it should ever come , will grow through it , and thus render it very difficult to save . This , in ordinary years , would be what is called "the busy week" in harvest ; and let the weather be what it may , you cannot have thatbusy week this year till the second week of September , the period when the equinoctial gales usually come in ; so that the best weather for ripening will throw the

      harvest back to the short days , cold nights , awl doubtful seasons . Still , men will only talk of " the harvest being late" The great fear is , that de harvest will not come tliis year . One great calamity that this season has brought is this : thousands of poor Irishmen have come over from the south and west of Ireland , and have come , at least , six weeks before their time . This has occurred from the fact of hands being scarce last harvest , as it came in , or ripened altogether ; and the Irish labourers , not being monopolists , told their friends that there was work for more hands , and more have already come over , and here they must remain for six weeks without earning anything . Now ,-if the harvest fails , we shall have our whole battle to fi « ht over again with the League .

      I am before them in the field . 1 offer land at home . They offer the cliance from abroad . I offer what will make all independent of bad harvests . They offer what will increase the calamity of failure . There is too much reason to fear that wheat will speedily rise to an unnatural price . Bread is now getting tip , flour having risen as much as a shilling a stone in many of the northern districts , and labour will be reduced . Then , according to our prudence and courage will depend the success of our P ™ ciples . The weather is now more dark and unsettled than ever . I have onlv seen two partially fine days since Monday , the 4 th of August . I am , my friends , . Your faithful Mend and servant , Feakgcs O'Cosxor . Monday , August 13 , 1 S 15 .

      Fovmn .-Intellifijeiice

      fovmn .-Intellifijeiice

      Ar00112

      . Iam) National . Tri ; I)E ' S^ . ;,Jqu...

      . iAM ) NATIONAL . TRi I ) E ' S ^ . ; , JQUMAL . ¦ ....

      Vol. Viii. No. 405. London, Saturday, Au...

      VOL . VIII . NO . 405 . LONDON , SATURDAY , AUGUST . 16 ,-1845 . ; . B 1 « 9 M ^/ K ^; S ! j

      To The Chartists .Of Lancashire. Mr Dear...

      TO THE CHARTISTS . OF LANCASHIRE . Mr dear Fhiesds , —After a lorg slumber , we arc now called upon to awake—arise ! and be no longer apathetic , lhave felt the Chartist pulse of lorfcshire :, it beats healthy and vig orously . No power can put us down . The season calls upon you andmc to he ready for what mav arise . 1 am ready . _ On Sundav next we are to hare a camp-meeting at Middleton " The Executive will be there ; and ^ al within a day's march Should be there . . I shall be at : my ' ptat , to give an account of my tour , nrv intentions , and my hopes . Again I any resolved ,

      To The Chartists .Of Lancashire. Mr Dear...

      after a three years' slumber , to make ^ you rally around the only straight and uncontaminated stand ard !—the standard of freedom— of our own ^ Charter . For three years 1 have worked" without yoir ;' how come and work with me . Yoiir country calls you from your sleep ! Your , families tell you to awakeyour interest tells you to arouse ! 1 am fresher than when I left London , and ready to take my old part in the coining struggle .- ¦¦ - ; On-Monday I shall address the people of Macclesfield . Up , Chartists , ' to your own work ! Yourselves alone can do it ; none others will serve you . The next change should give you your " share . " ,. , •' . .,,. Tour faithful friend , " ' ¦¦¦¦¦ ¦ Fkakgus O'Connor .

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      ; v j : -: / ; FRANCE . ; ;• ' ;' / : The Combination of Jourskvmen Carpbnters . — Nineteenjourheymcn . ' carpehtei's ' have . been ordered by the council chamber of the Civil Tribunal of the Seine . to . he brought to trial for illegal combination against their ' masters . —GalignatH , of Monday .

      * , :-,, ; ,-: SPAIN . ;¦ . :... ' . .. ' . , ; ,. TEmwnisM . —More Conspiracies and Arrests . — The Commercio of- the 3 rd , describes the state of Malaga to be a complete reign . , . of-, terror . It , is omy necessary for any fellow to denounce the most honourable or respectable man , to place , him and his property in danger . The [ Castelmno publishes thc .-following account of a conspiracy , which is said to ' have been discovered in that capital . The arrests we have already mentioned : — " The conspirators succeeded , by offering money and promotions , in seducing a sHiall number of the officers and scrjeants of the army . The plot was to explode in . the course of the 31 st ulfc ., but a month ago the militant authoriticswere made acquaintedlwith ' aU their machinations , and had faithful agents' who informed them of all that passed among the confederates . On the 31 st the commandant of the guard at the barracks called Del Soldado , in which were two battalions of the regiment ef Galieia ,

      was a Captain Don aebastiano Uastro , who was bcliCViTiito i . C : hi CO-j ' .- ^ f -iit : with the conspiratorai ' and a serjeaut of Ciiasswin , haifu'j Ramon Ciibezudo , also adamtcu into the . plot , wVich ho baa cfiii'KHMUKitEd to General Cordova , was part ' of the guard of the last battalion of the same regiment in the barracks of San Mateo , so that the conspirators relied upon executing their plans by first obtaining possession of these two barracks , and the arms they contained . A commandant , who , as it is believed , was at the head of the conspiracy , was arrested by the serjcaiit , who had pretended to be one of the confederates . At the roll-cail , General Cordova appeared , harangued the regiment of Galieia , and , addressing himself to the captain who commanded the post , told him that he was unworthy of being at the head of faithful soldiers , arrested him on the ground , and placed him under the guard of two file of men . It is believed that the arrest of General Crespo is connected with this newly-planned revolt . "

      The Gazette of the 4 th contains-a royal o ' rdonnance , dated Saragossa , July 28 th , dissolving the Senate . There is a second article to the effect that " the Council of Ministers shall proceed immediately to propose tlusnamesof pci-sons who , conformably t n the Constitution , shall compose the new Senate . " The Council of War at Malaga lias closed its deliberations by condemning to death two serjeants , and to various degrees of punishment several inhabitants ol Malaya more or less compromised in the late conspiracy . ¦ - " - " ' ¦

      liiE Espectador of the Ofch inst . announces that General Alcila has been sent : t * Segovia , Brigadier Montcro to Guadalaxava , Commandant Sarmiunto to Alcaraasde San Juan , and Captain Sarabia to Almaden . According to . the correspondence of the Ileraldo , from Malaga , several of the inhabitants jol that city , hotcd ^ for th eir ^ revolutionary opinions , have been arrested , and ai'ins and ammunition found . in their houses seized . The same journal states that M . Corradi and M . Calvo , editors of the Clamor FvblicV , who were confined in Fort Saint Catherine , at Cadiz , have been released . '

      :: ;; : Germany . . , ;¦ , ? w \? -: ^ Tun TmcotbuB Pboscribed . —The Chancellory of the Duchy of Schleswie Holstein Lauenburg has just published the following rescript : —"_ Jt . JiJis comaio , our knowledge that the'MngingsOeiefe ^ of Sch leswie " and Holstein have adopted a tricoloured flag , which the ^ ' carry in their processions and display at their festivals ,, with or without the armorial bearings of Schleswie and Holstein . - This flag being considered as the symbol of a * political party , ana as it may occasion disorders , we forbid that it be henceforth used . " ' ; ••> -:- ' - ;";; - ; - " ¦ ..:. ;; :: ¦;; .. J \> ,, ¦ $ .,:. ;

      Revolotionabt Symptoms in Pnussu . — The Steele publishes a letter from Konigsberg ; stating that ; notwithstanding the measures adopted by the police , 4 , 000 inhabitantsof that cityhad held a ^ nieeting at which several violent speeches had , been delivered . The members ^ of the municipality , " who had tendered their resignations to the King , and thought proper to recall it , under those circumstances , to watch oyer the peace of the city . President Heinrsch , however , persisted in his resolution . A numerous deputation of the citizens waited upon him to cbnipUment him on his conduct , ^ arid his successor was hooted by the inhabitants . Disturbances had likewise taken place at Pesen , towards the close of July , and the country people actually gained possession of the town . The acts of 179 S and 1835 , against popular tumults / were proclaimed , and on the 30 th tranquillity appeared to be re-established . The troops , nevertheless , were still confined to their barrack ? .

      SWITZERLAND . The Debats of Monday contains an important communication from Zurich , stating that a renewal of civil war in Switzerland is all but inevitable . Since the defeat of the Free corps before Lucerne the Radical party have been in active preparation for a recommencement of hostilities upon a wide scale . Under the guidance of their chiefs , particularly of Snell , a popular confederation has been formed , of which Berne is the centre , and which may be called a self-constituted national guard . So soon as the authorities of Berne , either in compliance with the call of other cantons , or prompted by _ their own sense of duty , attempt to interfere with this confederation , it is calculated that a revolution , like that lately

      effected at Lausanne , will take place , and the government being in the hands of these armed Radicals , war will be declared against Lucerne . According to the Debate correspondent , the Jesuit question is " a mere pretext , the object of Snell being _ to form a united undivided republic of all the S * iss cantons . Upon the other hand ' , the little mountain cantons are preparing for resistance . So great is their enthusiasm , that the women of Uri practice daily firing at a target , that they may defend the mountain passes , while their husbands and brothers are fighting beside the Luccrnese . The belief is general , it would appear , that the month of September has been settled upon by the Bernese for the struggle . The letter from which we abstract this information is printed in the

      form of a leading article . We sincerel y hope that its statements may prove to be unfounded ; civif war in Switzerland can only result in jeapordising and probably destroying the independence of thecantons . It may be that the object of the Radicals , a united Republic , " oneand indivisible , " would , if jiidlcioiisly accomplished , be a good , which therefore the Radicals are justified in seeking , but they cannot be justified in flinging the country into civil war for the purpose of coercing the mountain states . It will be a sad day for Helvetia , and for the world atlarge , when brother against brother shall engage in deadly conflict : we pray it may never come . It is to be hoped that the statements of the Debati correspondent will prove to be distorted exaggerations . The following is the

      conclusion of the proceedings in the Diet on the 4 th inst ., on the Jesuit question : — M . FiussciNi ( Tessino ) said that the instructions of his state , which was altogether Catholic , and invariably attached to the Holy See , laid down the principle that the question under discussion had become a federal one . The state of Tessino felt neither leaning nor adversion to the Jesuits ; but it could not shut it 3 eyes to the historical fact , that wherever that bodysucceeded in obtaining a firm footing , they never failed to exercise their dominion over the people , clergy , and government . The hon . deputy here alluded to the eulogiums always bestowed on the Jesuits by the deputy of Friburgh , and contrasted with such praise the reprobation which they had met with in so many states in Europe , lie compared the wretched position of the states of Italy , where thry

      were tolerated , with the great prosperity enjoyed by the Grand Duchy of Tuscany , which no longer permitted Jesuits to remain there . Articles 1 and 8 ot the Federal Fact gave the federal authorities power to take such measures as might be requisite for the common safety . The present question was of that nature , and he trusted thatjthe Diet would come to some decisive resolution on the point , and not again give the world an example of its impuissancc . M . Briatie ( Vaud ) considered the subject to have been already abundantly discussed , and that further remarks would not change the opinion of any _ one . The events that had passed since the Extraordinary Diet , had only confirmed the canton which ho represented , in the opinion that a decision against the Jesuits could alone restore peace and union to the republic .: He concluded by calling on the Diet to

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      act with decision and vigour , and expel : the body , in qnbptUiniH < .: ;^ -y ; -yi ! fr / : i :: is ' l y > - <;; 'I ii-tz ^ -. ' nftl . t , ;¦ :. ¦¦ . •; . ; . Mi DkCourten ( Valais ) denied the competency , of the - Diet-to interfere in the Jesuit question ; . The only persons that could be injured ; by . the present proceedings were the authors of . the present attack . The reception ;; and maintenance' of a religious order was purely ; cantonal , / and the Catholicswould . ncver submitto the expulsion of the Jesuits , withoufradmittmg as , a ; consequence , that- the Protestant cailtonspossessed . a right to interfere ' in the choice of , the ministers of the Catholic religion . He had , in the name . ofihis state , to protest against the interference ofthe Diet in , the Question . . v .

      . - Si"is <> of : Ai'Gi : fti ; r > . —TJie second day ' s proceedings lasted six hour ? , and were : even more animated tlian the pi'eceduig . oi ) es . v ; , ; .- ; : .. > ' | : M ^ P ? ocHRn . ' .. ( Genevaj ,-: without , attempting to deny ; the . ineonveniyiiees arising from ' . the presence of the . Jesuits , declared himself of opinion that the Diet ought not to interfere against them . He did not , question thc . competcnce of the Diet ; and proposed tliat ;; if Lucerne persistDd in maintahiihgfthc Jesuits , theroshjbld be atta ' clicd to her , during the period of herbeingWorort . a council ofrcDresentatives . as

      allowed by . Art 9 of the Federal Fact . : ' M ^ FuiinEK ; ( Zurich ) , President of the Diet , concluded tfie'jjcrieral discussion by . summing up the arguments brought'forward on both sides . - , - After this address , the free discussion was opened by a brilliant ; speech from the Avoyeivi-Seuhaus , of Berne , in refutation ofthe ai-guments ofthe Ultramontane party ; and strongly in i ' avourof the immediate expulsion of ihe Jesuits . . The deputies of Friburg , Schwitz , Uri , and Unterwald , replied at great length tothis speech . . , : ... ..

      As to the general result ofthe votes , the order of theiday remained in a small minority , . which leaves the question m statu qiio , not permitting'it to be brought forward before . next session . . ,-The following is the manner in which the votes weregiveh : — : - 1 . Js ot to enter at present on . the question , or ,- in other words , the order of the day ; : —Uri ,. Unterwald , Zug , Valais , NeufchateI , Appen 7 . eIl ( Inner ) , Bale city , Friburg , -Sclnritz , Lucerne ( eight whole states ami two . half oric 8 ) .- 'V-- --: v , ' : "; . ' . . , > ., ,, . ; i , ; , ¦ ';¦ 2 . To ' «!(> Hsidcr : tho affair , as federal : — -Berne . Sofefts .. gehaiflmtisei ) , Argau , Tessino , Vaud , Thurgau , Gris ( . ! s , "' Ap ^ fe' ^ H ( . Loiter ) , Bale ftomitiy , Glariu , Zurich ( ten wlioltfsi ^ tesai ^ : im half noes ) . 3 . To caIi > on Lucerii ? ^ 1 C ( l ^ y .. j « PJil !! g ' - « l -ii ^ directorial position , not lo ^ cewi ' wini lis invitation to the Jeshits ; :-i-Geneva , Tessino ( two states ) , Grisons not votiugTor . or against it . - ...-..-, v ::

      4 . To ' eall on , the-states : harbouring , the . Jesuits ( Friburg ; Valais , and Schwitz ) to send . them away : — Thurgau , Grisonsj . Appehzell . ( Outer )—( two , whole states and a half one ) , Zurich , Schaffliauseu , Hans , andTessino not voting either way . . ;¦ •' .- . i o . ^ To ' suminbn Lucerne to renounce calling in the Jesuits : —Berne , Tessino , Thurgau , Grisoiis , Appcn zell ( Outer ) ,-. Claris ,. Zurich ( six " whole states and one half one ) , Vaud , Sehaffhausen , Sokure , and Argau not voting either way . , , ; 0 . Expulsion of : the ; Jesuits from the whole ol Switzerland . Tho same ten states and two half ones , named above , declare the question to be . federal . . ,-• • • 7 . Expulsion of the . Jesuits by , , every , means :-Berne , Soleurc ; Sehaffhausen , Argau , Thurgau , Orisons , Appenzell ( Outer ) , Bale country ( six . wholcstates and two half ones ); Zurich and Claris not voting cither way . ., .. ,.. . . '"' . ' . ' ¦ -. ¦„

      .,.-...-'S . 'Tojnterdiet for the . future the introduction of the Jesuits into a Swiss canton ; the same ten states and two half ones which considered the question as federal . ' . -. ¦ ¦' A letter from Zurich , of the 7 thinsfc ., says : — " The Diet was engaged to-day in the discussion of the question of- the' conventsi of Argau ,- but it did not present any lively interest . This subject has occupied the ' press too'long for me to enter into any detailed report' of " the sitting . At tho beginning of JahuaryV 1841 , ' the government of Argau secularised several epnyeiits ' establishcd in the canton ; or rather , in otlver terms , had > ' driven '" , but the monks , and

      declared tliat ' tlieir . property belonged to the state . ' Tliis property " anibuirted . ' in value to 10 , 000 , 000 f . or 12 , 000 , 0001 ' . vfThe ; Catholic . cantons considered this raeasurcto be a , violation of Article 12 of the federal compact , but has never found a majority in the Dietwilling to declare this . Oil the contrary , in 1843 , the question , wMjdjourned t ^ I after' the -recess hy a niajoiuty of twelve ; which was , in fact , declaring that the Diet jvould not'entertain it . To-day only seven cantons fvoted ! foiv the . re-establishment . of , the . convents , and this is all that ! is necessary forme to tell you . 'althbugh ' . the debate , was long . 'and ' - . animated , and ' excited a . deal of . irritation . " ' .,....

      r .. : ; . : ¦ ,,: ,. ^ c ^> iTU : RKETi ^ . ¦¦ : ; ,,.- •; I IssuRUECTtos-is Albxsu . —By letters from Belgrade of the 20 th ult ' i , we learn that the whole of UpperAlbania , vasinaistate-of insurrection ^ , Ths Seraskicr ,, \ vho . had [ entered the country with a considerable body ; of . troops , _ had been , unexpectedly attacked at . Pisren , ¦' .- ' .-on : his march , to . Jakouo .-. v In revenge he burnt .. twenty-five , Albanian ¦; villages : After this terrible example the Scraskicr . assemoled the principal Albanian chiefs at Jakouo , and insisted upon their , laying down their arms , submitting ; , like all the other provinces of the empire , to recruitment tor the army , and giving hostages for their fidelity . The chiefs refused compliance , and called out all the warlike population > of the mountains , . One of those

      traits ol tliatindomitable courage ; and resolution which is inspired by the blind . fanaticism of the Mussulmans was exhibited on this occasion . ^ Daoud I ' olosca , a chief of Jakouo ,, came : alone , into the Turkish camp , and reached the tenfcofthc Seraskier ; but the two sentinels at the entrance , suspecting some evil design , repelled him with ; tho points of their bayonets . - Polosca took his pistols , and , firing them with unerring aim , killed both themen .. Oh hearing the reports of these arms . the guard at the tent turned but ,- and ; madc a general discharge . of their muskets on Polqsca , who , however , wasunhutt , and , mounting his horse , fled throuch the camp , reloading and firing

      his pistols at . ill who attempted to bar his passage , lie had got . through the ; barrier of the camp , hut closely pressed-. by . a detachment of cavalry sent in pursuit of him , and being no longer able to use his pistols , he drew hisyatagan , and . struck right and left at both men and horses , killing eight men and wounding twenty . Being at length captured and brought before the Seraskier , and openly avowing that it had been his intent to assassinate him , the bold Albanian was immediately executed before the Turkish general . The Seraskier intends to make attacks upon the Albanians at several points , having brought 3000 men from Scodra , and being joined by a corps of Catholic Mlrdites .

      AMERICA . DECtAUATIOX OF WAB BY MEXICO . Liverpool , Monbat , Foun o ' clock p . m . —Thepacket ship Fidelia , Captain Hackstalf , has arrived in the Mersey , having left New York on the 10 th ult ., and completed her first voyage across the Atlantic in a little less than twenty-six days . ' Don Manuel Ilincon , General of Division and Constitutional Governor of the department of Mexico , has published the following proclamation : — : The Minister of Foreign . Affairs' has communicated to me the following decree : — " Jose Joaquin de Hei-renr , General of Division and Pre' sidentctci interim of the Mexican Republic , to the citizens thereof "Be it known , that the General Congress has decreed , aiid the Executive sanctioned the following : — '•• The National Congress of the Mexican Republic , consideting , —

      " That the Congress of the United States ofthe North has , by a decree , which its Executive has sanctioned , resolved to incorporate the territory of Texas with the American Union : " That this manner of appropriating to itself territories upon which other nations have rights , introduces a monstrous novelty , endangering the peace of the world , arid violating the sovereignty of nations : ' That this usurpation , now consummated to tho ' prejudice of Mexico , has buen in insidious preparation for a long time ; . at , the same time that the most cordial friendship was proclaimed , and . hat , on the part ol this Republic ; the existing treaties between it and those States were respected scrupulously and legally : " That . the .. . said , annexation of Texas to the Unitefl States tramples on the conservative principles of society , attacks all the-rights that Mexico lias to that territory , is an insult toi hey dignity as a sovereign nation , and threatens her independence and political existence : laof the

      !' , ' ? b ?^ he w United States , in reference to the annexation of Texas to the United States , does in no wise " destroyth , e rightsthat Mexico has , and will enforce upon that'department : ' ; . . ' : \') : ¦'• " That the United ' Sta ' tcs ' havlng trampled on the principles which served as a basis to the treaties ' of friendshiD , commerce , and navigation , andmbre ' especially to those of boundaries- fixed with precision , even previous to 1832 , they are considered as violated by that nation :: . " ' al ' yi that the unjust spoliation of which they wish to make the Mexican nation the victim , gives her the clear viglit to use all her resources arid power to resist , to t ' . io last moment , said annexation : " It is decreed- — ' '• - ' . ¦ ¦ - ,- .:-. •> .

      1 . The Mexican nation-calls upon all' her children to the defence of her national iiidcpendSiccrttireatened by the usurpation of-Texas ; which is iiitcndud to be realised by . the decree of annexation passed by the ' Congress , arid sanctioned by the Presideni of'the ' Vuited ' Siatcs of the north , ' ... , !' - ^ - ; , -S ' -: - ini » :.-:: 'r ; v ^ . V : ^'

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      " 2 . In consequenee , the' Government . will call to arms all' the forces of the army , according to the author ! ty granted it by the existing laws ; and , for the preservation of public order , for the support of her institutions , and , in case of necessity , to serve as a reserve to the army , the Government , according to the powers given to it ' on the ihh of December , 1814 , will raise the corps specified by said decree , under the name of " Defenders of the IndCpeiideuco and of the Laws . ' , " MiouEL Abtismn , President of the Deputies . " Fbancisco Oudeuos ,. President of the Senate . "Approved , and ordered to be printed and published , "Josn Joaqolv de JliBiitB * .. " A . D . LoisG . Coevas , ; ¦ " Palace of the National Government , city of Mexico , June 4 . ' ^ ...--. j

      Raie^ Hobemmtjj, •

      raie ^ Hobemmtjj ,

      Maiitbonouon, Wiltsiiirb. —A Public Meet...

      MAiitBonouon , Wiltsiiirb . —A public meeting of the members of tho Provincial Tailors' Relief Society took place in this towri . on Monday niglitlnstj to liearft lecture by . Mr . , C . Maunder , ! agent ofi the Tailors ' Protection Society of Great ; Britain . it , A . goodly number was in attendance . ;' . Mr . Foster , was called to the . chair , and introduced the lecturer to the meeting , who addressed them in un < able manner for one hour arid a half , to the great satisfaction of all present . . The . chairman then took : . the sense , of the meeting as to whether they approved of the principles of . tho Protection Society as expounded by the lecturer , so far as to becoriie a section of the genera ] body . ; The meeting having ' unanimously decided , in favour of Protection , and . agreed to form a section of tlic union on Tuesday ,- 10 th of August . A vote of thariks was given to the lecturer . and chairman ; and the meeting broke up .

      Mr . ' Roberts Visit to South Staffordshire . — On Monday , August IStli , W . P . Roberts , Esq ., will arrive at the Wolverhampton Station , ' by the haltpast twelve o ' clock train ,. when it ^ is requested that the Minors of this . distvict will' atteml , ami move in procession from tiie " Station to IBilstqri . A public meeting will be hold in the . evening , ' at six o ' clock , which will bcaddressed by . Mr . Roberts , and two of the . agents ofthe Miners' Association . ¦ '" . '" . '¦' . " ' . Tuauks Organisation . —Tub Woolcomueus of BaAnronu , three thousand in number , held a general meeting on Monday , August II tit , and-. miani-: w »! SJK ^® 8 C , i *^ .: !»!»'» v ^^ IfeSiSSiires ' . if " iliii recent ( Jouiereiu-. e , and " tmnsmi ' Ued-thi' . ir } avy , in support of the funds , to . the geueml seerotary . ' -. '¦' . ; - i . icTiiB Nailjiakers of BKLrEK , Derbyshire , also held a general meeting . of their trade , and expressed their approval of the labours ofthe Conference , and transmitted their portion of the sinews of war to the Trades Office .

      -Another Triumph fob Labour . — The strike of the men at the Ardslcy Main Colliery has terminated . Labour has achieved another triumph . The employer , after advertising for workmen , has been forced to yield . - It is very often remarked , and perhaps justly , that the groat amount of money spent in strikes might be turned to better advantage , but it ought to be remembered that workmen have ho other alternative . For instance , had these Colliers quietly submitted to have had their wages reduced , all flic other Colliers in this neighbourhood

      would have shared the same fate ; the men knew this , and therefore supported those on strike . A rumour has reached the ears of the Linen Trade's Committee , that Gelder is at his dirty tricks-again ; he has been very brisk with a fabric called cheeked holland . They are now done , and there is a slackness in the trade , and he fancies this is another opportunity of p ilfering the men ' s wages . The committee of the . , Linen . trade are determined to have this rumour sifted to the bottom ,, and if Gehler cannot live with paying the established list price , he may give over and go to his bacon shop .,

      :, The . , ; ILxaresborouch '¦ Weavers . — This ill used body of workmen arc still on strike . The masters are still obstinate , and tho men as determined as ever .- Our employers are trying to defeat us by setting all kinds of evil reports about . Sometimes , that . the , men are all turning in ; and at others , that we shall not have money to pay the families with : but all this will not do , for all those reports arc untrue . Mr . John Dooker visited '< the Woolcombers of . Bradford last Monday ni g ht ; he . was well received . by > them , and they came to a unanimous vote to render us all the support in their power ; so that we do hope to prolong the contest until we compel our oppressors to yield to our just demands . As soon as our employers see that we

      are . receiving efficient support , they will give . in . Their only hops at present is that we shall be obliged to succumb for want of money ; they will be disappointed . We return ; our . hearty thankV to all friends who have assisted us , particularly to . the Tailors of York , and our . own trade , in Barnsley , Leeds , York , and Doncaster . ; V . ;• : ¦ ¦ ' ; Lancashire Miners . —The next delegate meeting of Lancashire Miners will take place on Monday , the 25 th of August , at the house of Mary Marsh , King ' s Head , St . Helen ' s . " Chair to be taken at , eleven o'clock in the forenoon . There will also he a public meeting , . which will be addressed by W . P . Rolierts , Esq ,,. and several other gentlemen . ^ The levy for the fortnight ,. including general contribution and law furid ,, is , ls . ; lld . permembcr .

      BiuMKoiiAM Shoemakers . —Tho Boot and Shoemakers of Birmingham have obtained a lull and satisfactory settlement of the grievances recently existing in the shop of Mr . llolmc 5 . A general meeting of the above trade tvas held on Monday evening , August 11 th , " when an unanimous vote of thanks was given to Mr . Mason , president , and Mr . M'Gec , secretary , for the able manner in which they had discharged their duties . KiDDimjiixsTEn Carpet , W ^ eavers . — On Monday afternoon a meeting of the Carpet Weavers was held

      in the Black Star lard , for the purpose of hearing a lscture from W . Charlton . He spoke for nearly two hours , showing the evils under which the trade laboured and the necessary remedies ., Mr . ' . C . concluded by taking an affectionate farewell of his friends , he being about : to leave the town . Mr . C . is a thorough Democrat , and will long be missed by the poorer inhabitants of Kidderminster—he was always ready when called on to defend the rights of labour . In the eveninga meeting of the . Chartist Co-operatitro Land Society was held at the Nag ' s llead , when three new members joined the society .

      Colne. Chartist Co-Opeuatiyk Lanu Societ...

      COLNE . Chartist Co-opeuatiyk Lanu Society . —A meeting of the friends of liberty was held on Monday evening , August 11 , at the house of Henry llorsfield , Chapel-square , West End , Colne , for the purpose of forming a branch of the above society ; James Hartley in the chair . The rules having been read , the work of enrolment commenced , and in a very short time twenty shares were taken up and the first instalment paid . In accordance with the rules , a

      committee of nine , including sub-secretary and subtreasurer , was then appointed . The committee have engaged a large room in Chapel-square , where they will meet every Tuesday evening , ' . 'from' halt-past seven till nine o'clock , for tho purpose of enrolling new members , receiving the weekly contributions , and other business of the society . All persons desirous of taking out shares can do so by attending . Any further information may be had by applying to James Holgate ( seerefary ) , No . 15 , Clayton-street ; or to Henry llorstield ( sub-treasurer ) , Chapel-square .

      EMELY ( near Huddersheld . ) Lecture . —Mr . David Ross , of Leeds , has been delivering a course of lectures here with great success .

      Fatal Conflict Between K Husband And Wif...

      Fatal Conflict between k Husband and Wife . —On Thursday night last considerable excitement was caused in the neighbourhood of Tower-street by the universal prevalence of a report that a man by the name of Joseph William Bean had murdered his wife , at his residence , % Priest-alley , Tower-street , City . It appears that between eight andnine o ' clock the lodgers in the upper floor were alarmed by a violent wrangling between the parties , who , at the time , were in their apartments on the ground floor . Shortly afterwards blows were heard , and a noise as if a heavy weight hadfallenupon thefloor . Theassistance of the police having been obtained . Serjeant Miller , of Towerstreet division , entered the apartment , and finding the woman lying on the floor , he demanded the cause ot the occurrence , when he was informed that the woman bad been accusing her husband of

      lll-treatinff the family , arid that he had subsequently struck her , immediately after which she fell backwards upon the ground , the heel of her boot having caVht in a hole in the floor , in consequence ol which it had been torn off from the upper leather . She then appeared in tho agonies of death . Medical aid was instantly procured , but-life was ebbing fast-her nook was broken ) and in a fow ^ mutcs afterwards she expired . The acting inspector , Mr . Teaguc , immediately took Bean into custody . . , Representation of Souiiiwauk .-Wo ^ regret to have to announce the death of Bcnjamin . Wood , Lsq ., M . P . "for-Southward after * W ° tradedilhiess ^ . Mj . Jeremiah Pilchcr , late Sheriff ot- London and Midd c-Ipv has ' offercd himself as a candidate to succeed- the lito' hon . gentleman in the representation ot this borough . It is understood that Sir AY ; : ^> lcswwflh . - also a candidate .

      !Peosec , Ution ,Of.The Nomhern 1 Starfo...

      ! peosec ution , of . the nomhern 1 STARFOR « hW ) i ;\; , ,. 1 nr TiiEiYOToiao ^ mtgiiell of pubston . ( From thi' Moming Herald , Aupist dlh j ^ ' NORTH WALES CIROUIT-Cijester , Auovst'T . ( BeforeMr . Baron Parke . ) ACTION JOE LIBEL . —M 1 TCHBLL Y . O ' CONNOR . Mr . Toiv . vse . vd and Mr . Davidson- appeared for the plaintiff . - . ,. . . The plaintiff is Mr . Mitchell , of Preston , in the adjoining county , ' a gentleman tolerably well known in the political circles of that district ; and Mr . !• cargus ^ O ' Connor is the proprietor of the ' JVorfAmi Star newspaper : The parties had been' somewhat " connected in the politfou . ' movements of ' the Chartist body . " The

      plaintiff had aticnded a meeting at Manchester oh the Ten Hours Bill . aiid made a speech upon it i and it was for the comments oa that meeting that the plaintiff complained . The article called Mitchell a " League tool , " and a "despicable tool ; " ami ffent on to report a speech of Mr . llobson , the printer ol tho paper , who described Mitchell as having introduced the miscreant Oliver , the notorious spy , and had given him the passwords , which had led to three men , ; being hanged at Derby , and others punished by transportation and imprisonment-. This was the libel complained of , and it was denounced by Mr . Town- ; send in most indignant language , accompanied . with * . 'in emphatic denial that it had the slightest foundation in lact . It was stated that the plaintiff had applied for an apology , which had not i > eun made .

      Richard Thompson produced a ccrtilieate irom . the Stamp- O-ftiee proving publication . The alleged libel was then read . The date of tho paper was April 20 , 1814 . . : ' - \ - George llattoii . —1 was agent for tho'Mnkcrii Star in April last year , iu Preston . I sold a copy of the paper to the plaintiff ' . Tho paragraphs allude to hha . .. .. - Mr . jKitv-Kt . and Mr . Welsbyappeared for the defendant . The former addressed the jury at considerable . length ; 'and said thereWas no evidence , of an auology having been applied for . lie animadverted with considerable force on tho fact that Mr . Mitchell had nod sought reparation in the couiity where lie was known , and where the Northern Star circulated : but

      hiid come here , where he was not known ,, and whero the Northern Star . AH not circulate , lie ridiculed the whole action as most trumpery ;'' and ' said that' a person like Mitchell , who dwelt in a glass-house himself , should not throw stones . There was-no . do-ibt ihatMr . _ O'Connor was legally liable for what appeared in the Northern , near ; , but there " was no pretence , for saying that ho had anything more to do with this matter than iairy lcprcscnting . what did take place at a . " public , meeting ; and if that was done in a fair and proper spirit , although it might not confer the same immunity as was enjoyed bj- the bar , yet that was a circumstaiice which the jury could not Tail to ; tiikb " into account in considering their verdict , lie skid

      that the only charge against Mitchell was that he was the introducer of Oliver ; but not that he was the spy and tho corrupter . Thcsimple effect of the paragraph was that ho bad done that innocently no doubt , but chat he had done it , and had thus led to the i .-ijnstioiiliiiofwlik ' . ! Oliver , the spy , wns th ? corrupt aiii ' lim- ' ' 111 ' eoiit ^ il ' : ^ 'wt Ul ti ! il ; l - l ! ' ' « «'<¦ <*' ¦ " & m > lihd Mior did iiu thiwk diat c' 0 ' -W ,: - ' - » ^ ' ' r !' ; .. ?" probrium the conneetimi of the plaintiff with Qhvei ' was libellous ; but if the jury should be of opinion that the paragraph was libellous , ample justice would be done even ; or-vindication , by taking a mitigated . view of it , and sending him from Chester ,, with a coin in his pocket , which would not much encumber him with the weight of it . ' . "¦¦ ¦>

      The learned Judge said the question was not oneof character , biitof vindication ; and if the jury were of opinion that the paragraph amunuted to a libel , then it was their province to say what damages would satisfy the justice of the case . If newspapers only containedfair reports of occurrences , then jurors were justified in taking a Jenient view of whatever oecuvved damaging to character ; but when they went beyond that , then juries should give exemplary damages . If what was spoken was libellous , and . was

      also reported , it was no protection to the newspaper that the name ofthe speaker was given . There was no direct allegation that the plaintiff knowingly inti'odused Oliver as a spy ; but the jury must judge of the general meaning and intent of the paragraph . It was for them to say whether the use of the phrase " tool" did not convey the imputation of a guilty purpose . If the jiiry were of opinion that a libel was committed , then undoubtedly defendant , as publisher ofthe paper , was liable . Verdict for the plaintiff— -Damages ¦ ,, '

      ONE FARTHING ! ; The Judge refused to certify , and consequently each party have to pay their own costs , ., ;• r

      Prorogation Of Parliament. ' Saturday, A...

      PROROGATION OF PARLIAMENT . ' Saturday , Aug , 0 . Parliament was this afternoon prorogued by the Q , ucen in person . The ceremony took place somewhat earlier than thq customary hour , iu consequence of her Majesty ' s departure lor Germany being also fixed for this afternoon . Her Majesty proceeded instate from Buckingham Palace to the " ancient Palace of AVestminstcr " shortly after one o ' clock , and having entered the House of Lords , accompanied by all the Great Officers of State , took her > seat on the Throne , arid after , giving the Royal , assent to a small number of Bills , read the following gracious ;' 'SrEECll FKOM TUB TIIROXE . "Mr Loans and Gentlemen , "I rejoice tliat the state of public business enables ma to release jou ft-oni further attendance in l'nrliitment . l "In-dosing ttiis' laborious session I must express to you my warm acknowledgments for thezeal arid assiduity with which you have applied yourselves to tins consideration of many subjects deeply all ' ccting the public welfare . "I have given my cordial assent to the bills which you presented to me for remitting the duties on many articles ' of import , and for removing restrictions on the free application of capital anil skill to certain branches of our manufactures . " The reduction of taxation will necessarily cause an immediate loss of revenue ; but I trust that its effect in . stimulating- commercial enterprise , and enlarging the means of consumption , will ultimately provide an aniple compensation for any temporary satrifice .

      " 1 have witnessed with peculiar satisfaction the unremitted attention which you have bestowed on the measures recommended by me to your tonsiueration , at the commencement ofthe session , for improving and extending the means of academical education in Irehnd . "You may rely upon my determination to carry those measures into execution in the manner best calculated to inspire confidence in the institutions which have received your sanction , and to give effect to your earnest desire to promote tho welfare of that part of my dominions . "From all Foreign Powers I continue to receive

      assurnnces of their friendly disposition towards this country . " The convention which 1 have recently concluded with the King of thu French for the more effectual suppression of the Slave Trade will , 1 trust , by establishing a cordial and active co-operation between the two Powers , afford a better prospect than has hitherto existed of complete success in the attainment of an object for which this country lias made so many sacrifices . "Gentlemen of tub House or Commons , "I thank you for the liberality with which you have voted the supplies for the service of the current year . . " My LoilDS AND GUNTIEME . N ,

      " On your return to your several counties , duties will devolve upon you scarcely less important than thoso from the performance of which j now relieve you ' -.., . ' . .: " I feel assured that you will promote and confirm , by your influence mid example , that spirit of loyalty . and contentment which you will tind generally prevalent throughout the country . " the discharge of all the functions entrusted to you for the public welfare , you may confidently rely on my cordial support ; and I implore the blessing of , Divine Providence on our united cfl ' orts to encourage the industry and increase the comforts of my people , and to inculcate , those religious and moral principles which are the surest oundation of our security and happiness . . , .-,

      Serious Accidknt.—The Directors Of The W...

      Serious Accidknt . —The directors of the Woolwich Packet Company held their annual excursion down the river on Tuesday , but tho pleasures of the day were considerably interrupted by an accident , which occurred to the stoker when below Gravesend on the passage to Shecrness . It appears ho had been sitting . it dinner at his usual place in the cn » ine-voom , when , without rising , he endeavoured to reach a small jar containing his beer , which was upon the floor , and , losing his balance , fell forward under the small piece of iron designated a key ; in engines on the direct action princi p le , and having lost his presence of mind to push himself back , the downward action of the key cut his thigh very severely . The engines wove promptly stopped , and the poor sufferer extricated ; but a surgeon being fortunately on board , his assistance was immediately obtained , and the wound closed and the bleeding stopped in the best manner under the circumstances ofthe

      case . The directors then resolved to proceed with - all despatch to Shecrness , in the hope of having the stoker taken on board the Ocean guard-ship , but the - commander , after consulting with the surgeon , said ' - he considered there would be more danger in taking the injured party on board his vessel , and then trans- ' ferring him to Chatham , than there would be in con-: < vcying him to the place where he would have to remain . It was , therefore , resolved to return at O ' . - and place him on board tho Dreadnought : J ; > ijCe ship at Greenwich , and the party unanir - J 0 spitafc to this resolution of the directors . ' .. uously agreed power to alleviate the suffer ' - , to do all in their , is a married man , nam ,.. igs of the stoker , who fatherof several cKl -u Charles Albert , " and the relinquished tl" - - « i « ren . lhe company not only Sd LS ^

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  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Aug. 16, 1845, page 1, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_16081845/page/1/