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    ^^ aau N - JPNE 16' 1849- _^ THE. ORTHER...

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    Imperial $atfiainettt

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    MONDAY, Jraull... " HOUSE OF LORDS. —Exp...

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  • Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.

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    Land Wati: Its Pouts. — During The Late ...

    ao- A ** liI UULTDBE . 7 _ ( Komthe lSl &^ fcj . ) pects of thrteS ^^ V ODnexlon with the pros-JSvfS p ^^ sSS ^ SS ^ s SK if ^ he SS- ^ lw ^^ -iLl ^' ^^ iar ^" ^^ tort ^^ flK ^ TJ & Slf . ^

    miSn . ^ 0 afe ? rfbl extent - There about button S ^ n ? l + T 1 ° T la . mls in the United Bing-Jg . and the lowest estimate would be to sAV S A-SaeDd ^ mine ,. * practical - . agriculturist , a Of So ^^ V ^ ° ? rto takeV qnantit ? Sterf ^ TSm- ° n aSKty ^ l 4 s ° a * the Sot I - J H ! . - ? l ? er e-clear the land , give them , their tunber , build his farm-house , &* . ' But offeV » ^ ~ l ! . ' ^ could ^ ot entertain the onei . Vhettweaddthatthc costs of management of these Crown Lands absorb more than tfrSe ^^• . ^/^^ P ^ tieal surveyor bears tttSnv ' to their fertinty and that a farmer puts the mXito the test by offering a rent equal to £ 50 , 0001 year even under theprescnt depressed stato of ncn . ;_

    Wai . ttBjMspectrf open ports , and laW importe , « is demonstrated that tlie disforcstin- of these lands , could not fail to fill the public \ xurnS ' * I 6 ™ the ? essn « J of the rates , to afford prohtablc employment for at least 30 , 000 hbourerT f &? ^ - tol !^^ ' ^ ^' ^ i e «' . ^^" ^ crease the productiveness of the country that our a bundance > nught render foreign impositions superw i ^ d br n ncw profitable customers to the nunie-trade , who , dependant on the parish pay-table eannot at present affordagotrn or a pair of breeches ' wok attbenr tagfat " pursuit of land adder difficulties . "Where I am at present engaged , " continues the land surveyor , " many of tho cottagers have enclosed little slips on the road-side , some a rood , others half an acre . Many ofthe pieces were SO barren that tlie landlord would never dream of adding them to the adioininsr fields : hut these ™<» .

    men had gladly availed themselves of the privilege given them to enclose , and with . perseverance and untiring industry Lave they made these little slips man productive Hum tlie adjoining lands , ' and this TOU make an addition to one estate of about fifty acres in a very few years . Again , in the moors , the small fanners having , from year to year , enclosed iield after field , paying a small rent at first , nave more than doubled the size of the farms in a few years . One estate , more than half moors , is now nearly all converted into productive farms ;" He who runs may read . Here is practical , professional , cbapter-aud-verse corroboration of what wc have often said , that a poor man bv his snadc will

    fertilise a mere drifting sand or waste heath , without any capital but his spade and labour , and gladlv avail himself of " the privilege . Nay , Mr . Blacker tells of men , ay , and Irishmen , too , who -will wheel up a little soil to cover a bare rock , and cultivate it , and make the profit repay tho toil . The curious bave only to goto Woking Common , or the vicinity of "Weybridge , to see garden after garden made out ofthe merest sand ; or , nearer still , let them take rail or omnibus to llounslow , and there they will see what was , within thirty years , a bleak and barren heath , infested with footpads , cultivated , the worst of it , so as to afford a rent of £ 3 per acre as open field , and producing in its gardens the best

    vefetahlcs and finest fruits m Middlesex . This pays , ecause it hr _ s been done , and ample profits yearl y returned to those who had the enterprise to undertake the speculation . The division of the country into parishes renders the reclamation of waste lands comparatively easy . Each of them includes uncultivated , but improveable soil , to a _ greater or less extent—the parish authorities are there to superintend the operation—the parish Kites are there to be applied to the means of making the labourers independent . Farmers will grumble , with short-sighted unreasonableness , at the extension of such privileges to the landless tillers of tbe land . The duke of Norihumlcrland was

    compelled to aoandon tlie letting of small holding * , ' me reprfsenfotion of his large tenants , that these little farms took labour out of the market , and made jiloug Jimcn saucy . But the very case to be made out in their favour is , that they diminish the competition in the labour market , raise wages , and keep down poor rates . The farmers should rather join with us in calling upon tbe government and the landowners to throw open the forests and wastes to the enterprise and capital of the tenantry . One ofthe chief evils ofthe large farm system has been , that by throwing two farms into one , one of the two occupiers has been dispossessed , and has had no remedv but , wherever he saw a farni vacant , " to

    compete with others for it , and raise rents to a ruinous degree . The reclamation of 15 , 000 , 000 of waste acres would make 150 , 000 farms of 100 acres each , or say 75 , 000 of 200 acres . There would he far more farms to let than tenants to occupy them , and the necessary result would be the reduction of rents , and such a competition for labourers as would merge xates altogether in living wages . Let us begin with the royal forests . We have it on unimpeachable professional testimony , that they are fertile even in their wild state—they are mostly situated in the finest parts of England , surrounded by population and Li the midst of customers . The 2 Jew Forest contains 60 , 000 acres , ample enough

    to provide farms , of the thriving Belgian size , for 6 , 000 families , or-30 , 000 individuals , and to produce , by spade husbandry , 330 , 000 quarters of heavy wheat every year . * Dean Forest contains 11 , 000 acres , "Whittlewood and Whichwood 8 , 209 , Waltham Forest 12 , 000 , Bainault and Epping 6 , 000 more—in all 103 , 000 acres of irood land in the heart of England . Then there Is Sherwood , and tlie Royal parks , - and enormous quantities and patches all ow ? r England , Scotland , and Ireland , includiug 130 manors and land of the Crown proper , and the masscsofsoilincludcd inthe Duchies of Lancaster and Cornwall . Wc talk of tbe evil of depending on forei ° ucrs , wbilcweimport £ -: J 0 , OOO , OOO worth of food

    within the year , possess probably 200 , 000 acres of reelaimable Crown Land , which might produce 1 , 000 , 000 quarters of wheat , and have to support 3 , 500 , 000 paupers , at a cost of £ 8 , 000 . 000 , for whom wc declare our inability to find employment ! Fut we need not stop there , ATr . Martin , the late member for Galwav , has left 200 , 000 acres of land in Ireland . It will scarcely be credited , but it is nevertheless the fact , that this estate may be purchased for something under £ 400 , 000 , less than £ 2 per acre , the upset price for land in Xew Zealand and Australia A sixteenth part of our annual poor rates would purchase the whole of it . On the Queen ' s letter we collected by voluntary subscription for the distressed Irish £ 633 , 000 , a sum that would have purchased

    the whole estate iu fee simple , and left £ 5-3-3 , 000 over for reclaiming iL At a cost of £ 8 , 000 , 000 paid out of our failing revenues we fed 3 , 000 , 000 of destitute Irish , and here is an estate to be had hi fee simple forlcss money than Irish cottiers pay annually in rent for -worse soil . A cabin may be built for about £ 10 ; five acres of land may be had iu fee sinvplo for £ 10 more and for £ 20 , consequently , afamily of five may he set up for life , who , at a moderate estimate of one shilling a head per week , are m : > in-• fcained in the workhouse at an annual cost of £ 13 . Is not this absolutely scandalous ? Does it not cry shame not merely on our hearts , but upon our intellects ? Is it not , in the Language of Fouche , " worse than a crime—is it not a blunder ? " That we are comin" to our senses we should fain hope from the following announ cement in the leinster Express : — celebrated

    We have heard that Earl Bucie , the agricultural experimentalist , and proprietor of the example farm at Tortworth , Gloucestershire , has entered into a coalition with several active and intelligent men in London for the puvposeofraising ajointstock company to purchase the ' Martin Estate , of 200 , 000 acres , situate in Galway . We sincerely hone that the plan will be persevered in . Should a company be formed for the purpose , there is no doubt tbatthey will meetwith many cbrcumstancestO discouragethe ' lrexertions . Intheforcmostrank , perhaps , of snch evils , they willfindwhatevcrremnantof tenantry may await them , prostrated to a very low oiadeofjnoral depravity by years of want , mismanagement , and injustice ; but they must not throw u p their experiment for this reason . Let rtom ™™ . and show the peasantry that they will

    have right , and do right . " "We must , however , entreat lord Ducie not to lose this golden opportunity of enforcing reforms which are indispensa ble to tne success of such an undertaking . Let him not stir one Step until he has procured an Act of Parliament declarin « rthe title to this property to be freehold , Suteand indefeasible . He must insist that all Se thousands of parchments , and abstracts of title j ^™ hT t ?« 113 and other lawyer plunder and ^ v- ^^ t in the fire , « id tne simple declararnbbisk be put in twin ** r He tion intheAct ^ e ^ ken as ££ * parfc of » ei ^ ra parts , and ledgensed in a «&** " £ as simple as estate . He must have rthcL ^ gS ^ nd the mere it is in France or the United States ^ ^ transfer in to ^ SfSi ^* out

    S & tSSZSlr ^ advise him

    Land Wati: Its Pouts. — During The Late ...

    nofto have too many small holdings together . Society must be ofiicered . For the benefit ofthe Irish as well as the advantage of the . country , we would advise him to encourage the emigration of the existing occupiers as much as possible . The experiment will have a better chance of success if the estate is peopled to a great extent from England , in place of an unhappy population already degraded b y oppression and pauperism . That we heartily wishMhi success , we best prove by the advice we g ive and the publicity we afford to the undertaking

    ^^ Aau N - Jpne 16' 1849- _^ The. Orther...

    ^^ aau N - JPNE 16 ' 1849- _^ THE . ORTHERN STAR . 1 Tire-flmra . — ^^ ^^ ^*^^ W ^^^*^^ ^ , ^^^ l ^ ^^ , ^^** w ^ l ^^^^ i * M »^ »^ i ^^^^^ ^^ l ^ ** '" ' ' ' **—¦——¦—¦ ——¦———————_ i . ni , ——————_¦>«———_ . Ill

    Imperial $Atfiainettt

    Imperial $ atfiainettt

    Monday, Jraull... " House Of Lords. —Exp...

    MONDAY Jraull ... " HOUSE OF LORDS . —Explosions ix Coal MixEs .- ^ -The Earl of S t . Germans , on presenting the petition from Mr . Gurney on the explosions in coal mines , said that a great : number of lives were sacrificed annually by the explosions in coal mines . In - 1847 , 623 persons ,- and in 1848 , 446 persons werb r killed , - and many injured and disabled , by - explosions '•' - in coal mines ..- The petitioner prayed for an inquiry into the cause of . these accidents . A committee at South Shields ap-Soirited to inquire into choke-damp and other amps , which caused this explosion , in 1845 , had

    stated that nothing but a perfect system of ventilation could prevent these accidents , and they considered the mode of ventilation ( recommended , by Mr . Gurney by high-pressure steam the best remedy which could * he devised . Notwithstanding this recommendation nothing was . done until last year . Sir n .-De la Bcche and Professor Playfair recommended improved ventilation , but did not suggest any method of effecting it .. Last year a Mr . Foster tried " some experiments on high-pressure steam at the . Polytechnic Institution , and , being satisfied with the result , he was referred to Mr . Gurney , the experiment was tried at Seaton and Ela Vale Col licry by Mr . Foster , aud it had there been most successful . - The hiarh pressure ' - power had since

    been increased one hundred per eent . and it might be effected at very small cost A few weeks agon mine near Manchester was found to be on fire , and Mi-. - Gurney being referred to by Mr .-Darlington , the proprietor , as to whether the fire could be extinguished , Mr . ' Gurney stated that by-the-means of hhfh pressure steam carbonic acid gas might . -1 ) 0 ' driven into the mine and the fire extinguished . The experiment had been tried with the greatest success . It had been said that Mr . Gurney was a visionary enthusiast ,-and this had been told to the government , but he had long known him , and a more practical , sensible man he had never been acquainted with . 1 A 11 men who devoted themselves to science with ardour were necessarily enthusiasts . ( Hear . ) He . had been the inventor of the Drummond light ; and he need not add that he had also invented , tho Bude light , naming it after the place where he resided in Cornwall ; its effect was well known and

    highly approved of , he believed , in the . other house of parliament . He mentioned these things to show that Mr , Gurney was not merely an enthusiast . . He had also invented an improvement in locomotive engines , which bad increased their speed from nine miles to thirty miles per hour , and that improvement was first applied to tbe Liverpool and Manchester line . He begged to express a hope that the House would consider this petition , which proposed a means of preventing these frightful accidents in coal mines which were really disgraceful to the country . - It was an invention calculated to effect a great savin" of life , and deserved the greatest attention . ( Hear , hear . ) . Lord Brougham thought this a most valuable invention , when it was considered that from 700 to S 00 lives were lost by fire-damp every year , from the utter impossibility of making the workmen use the safety lamp . He wished his noble friend had moved for a committee of the House to inquire into the subject .

    - The Marquis of Laxspowxe thought Mr . Curacy ' s merits were unquestioned , and that they entitled him to the consideration ofthe country . He thought it desirable that every species of publicity should be given to the discovery of Mr . Gurneyi ~ Lord Wharxclifpe thought the discovery most valuable , and he considered the time had arrived when the government should institute some system of inspection of mines . In Belgium for some years past such a system of inspection had been established ; and there had been a . decrease of twenty per cent , perannuui in the number of lives lost since such inspection had been established .

    Encumbered Estates Bill . — Lord Campbell moved the second reading of the Encumbered Estates ( Ireland ) Bill , and after insisting on the great importance of the measure , proceeded to explain its provisions , and to combat the objections which had been raised against them : Lord Brougham thought the bill as it stood a most extraordinary one , and suggested certain modifications in the unlimited power of sale g iven by it , which be thought might be introduced without cutting into the principle of the measure .

    The Earl of Glexoall expressed his surprise that any man could have . the hardihood to propose such a measure , based as it was on the deepest- principles of Communism , and involving as it did a downright confiscation of property . After considerable discussion in which Lord Moxteagi-e , the Earl of Wicelow , the Marquis of Lansdowne , and . Lord Staxley took part , it was ultimately agreed that the bill should be referred to a sel .-ct committee . Their lordships adjourned at half-past ten .

    HOUSE OF COMMONS Arbitration . —An immense mvmber of petitions we Presented by Mr . Goboen and other hon . members ,, m favour of the motion to be brought forward by the former hon . gentleman on Tuesday , for the adoption of the principle of arbitration treaties instead of war for the adjustment of international disputes . Coal-Mixe "Ventilation . —Mr . T . S . Doxcombe brought in his bill for regulating the ventilation of coal mines . Exclusion of Strangers . —Mr . J . O'Coxxell , on Thursday next , to move that it is in accordance with the dignity ofthe House , and the spirit of the Constitution , that the publishing of their proceedings should be formally recognised , and that the standing order prohibiting the presence of strangers be forthwith abolished , as unworthy , obsolete , and absurd .

    Affairs of Rome . —A somewhat protracted conversation at the instance of Mr . Hume ensued relative to the French intervention in the affairs of Borne , the substance of Lord Pahnerston ' s replies being , with respect to the communication from the French government previous to the expedition to Civita Tecchia , but which did not state the ulterior objects in view , that the answer of the English government was , that it was not for them to judge for the French government , but in their opinion the difficulties which had arisen between the Pope and his subjects might be arranged by diplomatic intervention , and that such intervention ought to have for its object the bringing about an understanding between tho Pope and his subjects , by which the former might return to Kouie , and secure to the Roman people those

    constitutional institutions which were granted last year , and especially a practical and real separation between the temporal and spiritual authorities of Rome . Xo intimation of taking possession of Rome had been given by France ; and , in reply to various intimations from different quarters that tho concurrence of England in the proceedings about to be adopted at Civita Tecchia would be well received , the answer ef the government had heen , that they declined taking any part whatever in them , seeing that , considering tho geographical position of England , and the particular nature ofthe British constitution , they did not think England had the same motives either in these respects or in a religious point Of View for joining in them ; a communication to which effect had also been delivered to the Xuncio , throug h Lord Xormanby , in Paris . the f

    Parliamentary Oaths Bill . —In House o Commons , Lord Palmekston , in reply to questions ,, gave exp lanations of some importance respecting the course pursued bv her Majesty's government m relation to tbe intervention of France in the affairs of Rome . . , - , - . , ,. - - On the order ofthe day for the tlnrd reading of ^ mSaw moved that tbe third reading be deferred for six months . Ho objected to the alteration ot the oathbv omitting the words " upon the true faith of a ' Christian * when tendered to Jews , m order to adroit them into parliament ; and , laying down in the outset the position that it was a pure fiction to say it was incidental to a natural-born subject ' s birthright that he should be permitted to . sit in parliament , he argued from the history ofthe jews L this country-from their having been from the earliest times kept separate and . apart from other subjects of the realm j from their having been eMolledfor 300 years , and from their having been muiam

    treated , so late as tne reign oi ¦»* ., « v - « of parlhunent , as merchant strangers under protection-that the status and condition of the Jews in £ counly were distinct from those of British-born subiectsgenerally . He then proceeded to show Si the fan-u age of judges and the enactments of SSS c & istiamty was so much parcel ofthe common law that nothing could be allowed to convene it and that this , doctrine was true , not in amodled , but an absolute and exact sense IVhilst everythin g of a persecuting or aggressive character Sst the Jews should be removed , the office of S ation S not bo delegated to those who wire etemaU ? separated from Christians ; who wereincapabli ofmcorporatmg with the mass of the nation-and with whom Christians could not commingle , as with other foreign races , by marriage-wWmut breaking -throug h the fundamental principles Of our Constitution , which was essentially ^ I ^ hael , thoug h a stanch supporter ofthe government , opposed this bill , as he had done the EI bott of which he considered as paying a kind of bomSe te ilammon . ife had a Chnstum Mo

    Monday, Jraull... " House Of Lords. —Exp...

    narch ,.. a Ohristian Constitution , and a Christian Parliair- . eut , the riiembcrs of which hoped for salvation through tho merits of One' whom Jews denounced as a blasphemer and an impostor ,- ' and he could not get over this . Mr . Keooh supported the bill , which , he observed , was resisted on two general princi ples—first , that Jews were alicris ; second , that their admission into Parliament would unchristianise - the Legislature . But if a British Jew were taken in the ranks pf aii enemy ; -he would he treated as a traitor and rebel . There was , therefore , no force in that objection ; and the other was founded upon a > misapprehension of the . term " Christian , " as applied to the

    Legislature / , which meant ' that our- ' legislation should be based upon the maxims of Christianity—itpori brotherly love ; and the principle ef not punishing inon for conscience sake . . ¦ * IMr .- Newdeoate gave a long exposition of the doctrines arid tenets held by the Jews , and contended that they were incompatible with the discharge of the duties of a member of Parliament . ' : . ' Mr . CRowDER . 'said ; the ground upon which he supported the bill was , that it was unjust and inconsistent with the general principles of the Constitution that any set ; of men should bo excluded , from the enjoyment of civil rights and political privileges on the mere ground of their entertaining peculiar religious opinions .- ¦ : : ; - ¦

    Mr ; Coring observed , it had been urged that Jews were excluded byae ' eident ; but-no one would contend that ' . thelr admission into Parliament was OVC 1 contemplated . Our duty towards God he considered to be antecedent and paramount to the duty towards our neighbour ; by removing the barrier which kept out the Jews we should disobey God , and upon thisground ; he opposed thebill . ; " '¦ ¦¦' ¦ , Mr . Sableik insisted that the Jews had not been excluded by deliberate legislation ;¦ and that if we could ¦' ¦ concede their admission -without , as he be : lieved , violating the principles of the Constitution , ' or lowering the Christian character of the House , we were bouridHiO confer upon the Jews tho rights of British subjects ,:: tq--which the majority of the people , ' in Ireland as weU- . as Great ' Britain , waa favourable . - .:. ; ;; : :.. ¦¦ ¦ : <¦¦ :- ..- ; : ¦ : .: . :

    Mr . Spooneb accepted the terms of Mr . Sadleir s proposition ; it was because ho believed that the admission of those who treated Christianity as a fable , and our Saviour as 'an ' impostor , wbuld : lower , the Christian character of the' House , that he resisted it . If a Jew was conscientious , he must act upon Jewish , and not upon Christian principles , and it was by admitting such persons that this House would be unchristianised . He-objected to the important alteration which Lord John Russell had

    made in the bill , at so late ' a stage as the committee , by expunging the Oath of Supremacy—an alteration hardly known * and which removed one of the safeguards of the . Throne ' and an integral part of the Constitution .- " - '¦ ' - ' . ' , ¦; - - ¦ ' ' — -.- ' . ' :. ;¦'• Mr . Siieil , after replying to a legal objection taken by Mr . Spooner to the bill , said 1 nothirig-but a clear and absolute necessity could justify exclusion from aseat in . Parliament , to which'he attached a great value ; but so far from that necessity being proved , the reverse had been established . lie showed the

    anomalies to which the existing state , ofthe law gave rise . ' - A Jewish sheriff might empanel a jury before whom a Christian might be put on ; his trial for his life . A Jew could vote for the worst possible Christian member of Parliament ; When it was said that the admission of Jews would unchristianise the House , was the National Assembly of France unchristianised , where Jews ; now sat ? Could it be supposed-11 M if a Jew snt in that House ho would abuse his privilege by the utterance of blasphemy ? Jewswere good citizens - and subjects ; they . werc

    loyal and faithful to the'throne ; they were interested in the prosperity of the country in which they were born ; they were : industrious , they were distinguished for their charity , and many of them were eminent for virtue . A Jew had been returned by the city of London , arid could it be maintained that this was no expression of public opinion , or that a spirit of infidelity arid indifference to reli g ion pervaded this great metropolis ? The cause of Christianity and of toleration was the same ; the victory of the one was tho triumph ofthe other .

    Mr . Goulburn was prepared to resist this measure as altering the character of Parliament , and thereby affecting its influence . The question was not-whether Jewswere excluded by accident , which was a notion founded upon misapprehension , but whether upon the principles of the Constitution Jews should be' excluded , and that was capable of proof by the whole course of oui * legislation and by the forms of the House . Mr . Goulburn reviewed the chief arguments urged' in support of the bill , and rested his opposition to it upon the ground that it would damage the character of the Legislature , and create in the minds of a very numerous class a distrust in the . deliberations of Parliament upon matters affecting religion , and : especially ecclesiastical questions . The admission of another element into that House adverse to - the Church would give weight to the arguments of those ! who deshed to see : such subjects withdrawn from its

    cognisance . - Mr . Roebuck claimed for this House a ri ght to be considered as fully competent to deal with such questionsas this . If , as recently asserted , it repre ; sented correctly the feelings and wishes ofthe country , Mr . Goulburn had no right to appeal from its decision , " which must be assumed to be the opinion ofthe people of England . After reminding Mr . Goulburn that he had used the same arguments as now againstthe admission of Roman Catholics , and had the following year changed hisopinion , he showed tho futility of his argument that a Jewish member would' unchristianise the House , . He accused Mr , Newdcgate of impeaching unjustl y the honour and honesty of the Jews by reading extracts from a book lie did not understand ; whereas the necessity for this legislation-arose from their tenderness ' of conscience and their nice sense of moral obligation .

    The right conferred by this bill was one to which a priori Jewswere entitled , and if they were to be deprived of it , the onus was upon those who sought to deprive them . The only grounds were , that the House would be unchristianised , the flimsiness of which he had shown , and that Jews were aliens , which was equally untenable . The principle at the bottom of this bill was that of religious liberty ; that was the principle which had recommended it to this House and out of doors , and upon which he supported it . Mr . Napier said the question was whether Christianity was the basis or our Constitution , and if it was , men who repudiated Christianity could not be qualified to be members of our Legislature . He showed the inconsistencies involved in the omission ofthe Oath of Supremacy , whilst the words " upon the true faith of a Christian" were retained in the

    mutilated oath . Mr . Wood hailed this bill as a measure hy which the last badge of the anti-Christian and persecuting spirit was parted with , and it was as a Christian no less than as a politician that he gave it his support . Mr . Plumptre denied that the people of this country were favourable to the measure ; on the contrary , he asserted that the most reflecting portion were deeply opposed to it , and he protested against the bill as repugnarit to the religious feelings of tho people . Lord J . Russell replied to the argument of Mr . Goulburn , that Roman Catholics would avail themselves of the bill by taking an oath to which they had no objection , instead of that prescribed to Roman Catholics . He could not believe thev would

    do so , and subject themselves to penalties ; but if any did , men guilty of such equivocation could be bound by no oath at all . Lord John then noticed briefl y the chief arguments used against the bill , which , he observed , differed but little from those which had been urged on former occasions , and he adopted the view taken by Mr . Roebuck , that this was regarded by the electors of London as a question of religious liberty , and he believed the character of the country was involved in making that liberty full and secure . The House then divided , and the numbers

    were—For the third reading ... ... 272 Against it . ' .. 20 C Majority for third reading G 6 The diminished majority excited much cheering . The bill then passed . . The Stock-in-Trade . Sites for Schools , Collection of Rates ( Dublin ) and the Newgate Gaol ( Dublin ) Bills , were read a second time , and the County Cess ( Ireland ) Bill was committed . Sir R . Ixolis's motion for calling the attention of the House to the American expedition in search of Sir John Franklin was read from the chair , but as no preceding was had upon it , it must be presumed to be postponed . The Solicitor-General obtained leave to bring in a bill to facilitate the abandonment of railways , and the dissolution of railway companies , in certain

    cases . The Palace Court . —Lord . D . Stuart moved for leave to bring in a bill for giving a person sued in the Palace Court , Westminster , a right of election to be sued in the County Court of the district in which he resided . The evils of the Palace Court were so notorious that it would bo unnecessary for him to make more than a few observations in order to point them out to the House . He hoped it was not the intention ef her Majesty ' s government to offer any opposition to the motion . If there were any greater benefit than another' which a government could confer upon theinhabitants of a

    countr y it was that of bringing cheap justice home to every man s door . ' Now , the Palace Court prevented that from being done . . It . cxposed those who were engaged in litigation to enormous and most disastrous consequences .- . The . fees which were charged in that court were ton times as largo as those charged in any other of the courts that took cognizance of similar causes . The consequence was that being a court for adjudication of cases in Which the demands were , of small amount , those wretched persons , who were dragged into it were freauently reduced to absolute rum . It was quite enoug h for a plaintiff to bring his cause into the

    Monday, Jraull... " House Of Lords. —Exp...

    Palace Court toMnsurc , to . himself a verdict ..... The defendant had onlyto consent at ' once to what was demanded of him ; ' because it w * as notorious that the verdict was always In favour ' of : the plaintiff . So much was this knowrito be'the ease , that the court was commonl y called " The Plaintiffs' ^ Co urt . " : -The public had beeh : madc familiar with the ca ' setff the celebrated writer Jacob Omnium ; who in ri , cas « with a horse-dealer involving-a-sum of only £ 2 17 s . had to pay a bill of : costs amounting to £ 21 ; Ho would ask i £ this'was not oppression = th'at demanded instant redress ? In the ^ Palace Court a-person' was not at liberty to . choose his own attorney , but must employ one of a few enjoying a- ' monopoly of- the business of the :: court ; and there-could bo ilittle doubt th . iit ' » tKo . nttorhies" enjoying this' ^ monopoly

    paidothers in the shape of agency to jnduco 6 uitors to bring cases into that court ; In the County Courts the process was simple , and the costs small ; - and he therefore , thought liberty should be given to persons sued in the Palace Court to' transfer their cases to the Coiihty Courts . ( Hear . ) ' '" ' ' ' The Attorney-General did not deny the ' grievance of whichthe noble ' lord complained ; but | there were difficulties in the way of a ' settlement . . ; There were six attornies / four ' counsel -a iudge ^ and sundry officers who had purchased tlieir places ' at ? a . considerable price ; and to whom compcnsatiorij ' . iri the event of the : court being abolished ; would require to be given . > Ho had had the circumstances connected witbJthis court under consideration , and it was'his intention to bring in d bill to meettho exigencies of

    the case ; but hitherto he had not found time or opportunity to do " sO . ' The best course -would 1 he-to abolish the c 6 wt ; i ; ' That wastbo ^ obje ' et lie -had hi view , but he'had not yet been able to . overcome the difficulties that lay in the way . ' ' r ¦;' -- * | .- ' . - Mr . Osborne contended that the . attorneys arid other persons connected with this court'had already received compensation -under' the 7 th and 8 th - of Victoria , some of them to an amount much greater than the sum they had pakf for their p laces . | The court was altogether illegal and unconstitutional " , having been established- only by letters patent issued inthe reign of Charles II ., arid he thought ithat-instead of proceeding by bill to aholislr the c 6 urfc - 'it would be better to recall the letters patent ;; but in-either casehe wasopposcd to further 'compensation . " : ¦ ¦ - ¦ ¦ :, i .: ' : , ; .: <> :: ; : !¦ ¦ ¦ ' : ¦; :-. ¦ ¦ - ¦ ' ¦ ¦ : ¦ > : ; -- > - > :-

    The Attorney-Geserai . said , the passing of the net just referred to had' increased and' aggravated the difficulties attending compensation , rather ; than removed them . ¦ : , : - .,. - .:- . -.. ; - . ' , ' ¦' ¦ Mr . Reynolds hoped that 4 hc- House would not only abolish the Palace Court , bufr also its sisteiy the Record Court of Dublin , and give no compensation ..- - ¦ : ¦ . 1 •' - _ ;¦ . " " ;¦ ¦ ' ! ' ' . ' After a short conversation / leave was given to bring in the bill . ; ! - ¦ ¦ ' i : - " ThoHouscadjourned at a quarter past twelve ; '

    '; ' v . '; - ;; " . ' . TUESDAY , June 12 . ::: ' ; , HOUSE OE . LORDS . —AFF ^ tus . x ® , Romb . — The French Expedition . —Lord Beaumont rose to put a question to the government , and when their lordships , considered the subject they , would , riot be surprised that he ' . did , so without . f 6 rmal . notice . Their lordships must be " aware of the extraordinary proceedings which ' . had matkedVtlie ; progress . of the French , expedition since . tliey . . landed at ,-, Clvita yecchia , nor coiildithcy be misinformed as , to the uiifortunate results which had been the consequence of it . It would ; appear , ' from . the message of the President of Franc ; , that this country had approved of the proceedings of the government of France as to its foreign , relations . In consequence . of such an assertion , it was the duty of their lordships to inquire

    how far the governriierit-were in any way implicated , either , by approval .. or ' suggestion , in the extraordinary coriducto . f the , French . ' ,. If ; they looked to the various despatches and proclamations riiadc by the commander of the expedition arid the diplomatic agents , they would be tutally at a loss to conceive either the object of the espeditiori ; , or the pririciph s ohwhich tlie proceeding had been condrii . ted . At one period it was put . forward , . with . the professed purpuse of protecting the liberties of ; the ltoman pe pie , aiid pieventingithe invasion of their territory by a , foreign pptverj and ^ at ^ the : same period ' it ] was announced th ' ut it-was for . the . purpose , of . rdstdi-ing the fugitive pontiff , to his throne / and establishing in the centre ; of Italy the influence . of . Frarice v The proceediugs , however . , had beeri . contrary , to all these objects . The consequence of : this friendly intervention of France bad been , first , to allow the Anstrims

    io bombard Bofogna during eight days ; , to advance that bombardment to Ancona , whichhe bclleyedwas now-gdiiiiron ; and to , destroy ; with the friendly-and fraternal hand ofthe ; republic ' of France the very capital itself . ( Hear ,. ' hear ^ . Surel v suchbrotherly love had never been ., shown since , the . days of . Cain and Abel . ; . ( "HeaV , hear , , and a laugli , ) - - The question which he . wished to put was , whether s / nee the landing ofthe French expedition at . Civita Vec chia there ; had been -any communication ; made to her Majesty ' sgovernment on . thepai-t of France , of her subsequent . objects , and : intentions ' . w . i | h regard to that-expedition ? . 2 ndly .. . Whether : there had been any advice asked from , or given by , this country- to France , with regard to the . ultimate object of that expedition ? , Arid , lastly , whether , her . Majesty ' s government were able to state the . ulterior object which France had . in . view with regard to the future settlement of . the-Roman States , ? . ( Hear , hear . )

    : TJie Marquis of Lansdowne replii'd that be was not called upon to explain the motives wlvch . had influenced the French government to . send . an . expedition to Italy . : All he deemed it riecesary to state wai that tlie government , though ; aware of the intention to send that ; expedition ,. had ; been no . party to it , and that it had .. been uridertakpn by the French government isntirely on its own responsibility ., i The . Earl of Aberdeen , considering the entente cordicde which existed between the two governments , could scarcely believe that the French Cabinet had not explained ; its views . If the diplomatic correspondence from Paris were laid befor . e the House , it would perhaps throw a light upon the subject . After some further discussson , the matter dropped : . Navigation Laws . —The Marquis of Lavsdowne moved that the Navigation Bill be read a third time .

    The Earl of Ellenboroogh opposed the motion , considering the measure as frauuht with danger to 'he country , and proceeded to express his regret at the motives which had influenced many noble lords to ( jive their support to the bill ; to point out various steps which were necessary for improving the mercantile marine ; and- concluded by stiting that i the existing navigation system was an herilance handed down from their fovefa'hers , which the country was now ca'led upon to sell for a mess of pottage . Their forefathers did not mind paying lomething for maintaining the naval supremacy , but he was disgusted with thefeeling which dictated the present measure , which went to sacrifice th ) bsst interests of the country , to a sordid , a Californian principle , and whichhe was convinced on its coming into operation must prove dctply detrimental to the security of the empire . , - ; : ¦¦¦ '

    Earl Granville replied to the arguments of . the previous speaker , expressing his hope that the advice tendered by the noble earl to shipowners for the better managementof th * ir vessels would be adoptvd . He believed that inculcating temperance on board ship would be highly desirable , and that the best effect would be produced on seamen , if they were afforded opportunities for reading and mental improvement . - . The Earl of Winchilsea , in a strain of invective , opposed the bill , arid read a lesson to the bishops , without whose votes , the noble earl- said the bill would have been thrown out . He cautioned the right reverend body that if the period should ever arrive when questions of a secular character should be carried by their v ^ tes , then England would join with him in t he wish to see the house of convocation restored , and the bench of bishops represented by a few chosen from anionc them , who would not lllterfereln questions with which ,, with a view to the best interests ot the country , ihey ought not to

    intermeddle . - . He protested against the passing ol thebillv and regretted that it . should ; be carried , in consequence of a want of courage on the part of some of their lordships to throw it outj . becausethey feared that the result might be the retirement of the present government from office ,, as if England had sunk so . low , that she was . obliged to peril her greatness ; on the ground that some parties had not the moral . courage to vote as they wished , and then to appeal to the feelings of the country . . . Earl Talbot objected to . the bill , because no steps were taken by it to secure the future manning of the royal navy ; because it was . about to ; be carried againstthe feelings of the mercantile and maritime population ; and , lastly , bee tuse he trembled for the saelyofthecolotiies * houlditbecome ) aw . ^ ; ' Lord Stanle y again relinquished his opposition , throwing upon the government the entire and cxclu ; sive respomibility of the measure , stating that he should satisfy his conscience - ; byr saying . , *'; non content" ¦ . ¦ - ,- ; : ; . ' . ; - . ' - " " "

    After a speech from Lord BHOUonAM ,, and another from the Mnrauis of Lansdowne , the question "that the bill he now read a third time "; was then : put from the woolsack—tho response of *' non content " was generally and emphatically given by < the peers on the opposition , benches , but no division was taken , and the bill was read a third . time— -the majority of the . opposition ; members leaving the House in a body immediatel y after ., ; On the question that the bill do pass , a clause by way of rider was then proposed by the Bishop of Oxford , the effect of which was to . ' exclude "the Brazils , in consequence of the great encouragement given to the slave trade by that country , from any participation . in the beriefits . of that riieasurej ! ' ' After considerable discussion , ' .. in which Lord Rodek , Lord Desman , and the Marquis : of Laksdowne took part , the clause was rejected on a divi-l sion , in which the numbers were— ' " For the clause ... ... ' ... 9 ' ¦" . ' . "" .

    Agamsfcit ... ... ... ... ' 23 ' . ' Majority ... ... ... ~ U .. ' The bill was . ' then passed , " and their lordships adjourn ci' .. "' . . . '

    Monday, Jraull... " House Of Lords. —Exp...

    HOTJSE . OF . COMMONS . —THE PEOPLE'S : CHARTER . —Mr . Fearous 0 'Cosson gave notice that he would , on . the 3 rd of July , bring forwa rd the motion respecting the Charter of which he : gave notice ' at " ari ' early period of the session . / The HousiL . o » Commons . —Mr . Fackb , on the 21 st of June , to bring ; forward the motion of which he gave notice , for an address , to her Majesty on the subject , of the -ill , ; accommodation afforded by the present , House , of Commons , and with a view of expediting the new House . The " State of the Nation . —Mr . Disraeli , on Tuesday , 26 th of June , to liiove that tho House resolve itself into committee of the whole House ,, to take into consideration the state . pf tho nation . ; . ' ¦ 'TiiE Elective Frakcuise . —Sir De L . Evans , on an early day , tonioye that-tho elective franchise be extended to all direct taxpayers , . ; Mr . Ehxest : Joses . —Mr .- Feauous O'Connor

    begged to ask 'the , ri g ht hon . " secretary . ( Sir George Grey ) ' whether he , had received any ; communication from-Mr . Ernest Jones ? - [ Hero an honourable member , sitting behind Mr . O'Connor ; actually startled the Ifousb by a horse laugh . ] i Mr ' O'Connor turned round to ' the hon . gentlcman , pd , said that he . could not understand the meaning of the laugh of the lion , gentleman , who inight , perhap ? , one-day , ' and ere long , charige places with ¦ 'Mr . Jones , ; and then he would be horrified if a . statement of his unjust treatment wasmetin a similar way by that House . The questions which he desired to ask the -right ] lion , - ' bavonet : 'wore : ¦ Had he received information that upon Mr . Joiies refusing to pick oakumfio was consigned to solitary confinement in

    a cell six-feet by four , " for three days ' and nights , with-inothing . . but bread and water to live uponthat being inabadstate of health the bed-clothes were removed hy day , and he was obliged' to He upon-the iron bars of his bedstead' ? That , he requested to petition that- House ; -which-the visiting magistrates most unconstitutionally refused him—a ¦ right-which- they had not the power to deny ; that he requested the permission of those said justices-to appeal to ' ¦ the judge who tried him , whether hi ' s treatment was ' in conformity with his scntenco ; -a right which they also most unjustifiably refused ^

    jn short } that his treatment was cruel , barbarous ^ unconstitutional , and illegal ; ^ Hewas aware of-the disadvantage , under which any Chartist ' prisoner laboured-when he ( Mr . - O'Connor ) undertook to bring , his case before the House ; every-Chartist prisoner was ' similarly treated in the most unconstitutional mariner , and he thought it was the duty of the hon . gentleman behind him ( Alderman Sidney ) , who was cognisant of all' tho facts connected with the treatment ' of the Chartist prisoners confined in ' Newgate , to-make a true and faithful disclosure of the tyranny-to which they were subjected to that House .-

    Sir 6 . Grey , m- reply : to the hon . gentleman , begged to state that he had received some statements from 'Mr . - Ernest Jones , but as he had not got notice of the questions put by the hon . gentleman , he had not had the opportunity of examining those statements so as to enable him to give an answer ; and the treatment of Mr . Jones was submitted- to ^ he visiting-justices . Mr , O'Connor would give tho right hon . baronet notice that on Friday he would repeat the questions , ar id-he begged to refer the right hon . ^ baronet to two communications received from Mr . Jones—the one he believed dated the 7 th of Mav , and the other the 21 st . ¦¦ > : ¦ ¦• ¦¦ - v ¦ ' ¦ ¦

    Arctic Expedition . —Sir R . Isclis' called the attention of the House to the conduct of the United States in preparing an expedition to the Arctic Seas to discover and relievo the missing ships and crews under the command of Sir John' -Franklin .- Ho pronounced a warm '¦ ' panegyric upotr the conduct of the American Government , ' and upon that ot Russia , which had taken the same generous course . Lord Palmerston aud Mr . Disraeli concurred in this panegyric ; ' ¦•¦

    International - Arbitration . — Mr . Cobden then rose to bring forward his riiotion for an address to the crown for treaties binding nations , in the event of future misunderstandings which could not bo arranged by amicable negotiation , to refer the dispute to ¦ arbitration . Some-curiosity was exhibited , to hear the hon .-m ' eiriber treat a subjoct ' entirely novel to a parliamentary audience . The galleries iveie full . There was a large number of members present , and the House was far more than usually attentive . After an allusion to a sneer , from Mr .

    Disraeli , who , ( said Mr ; Cobden ) " surpasses in tho accomplishment of sneering , " the hon . member proceeded to take up '' his ground . lie represoii tod ( he said ) two classes—those who objected to all . war upon principle , - and that working class who objected to war as interfering with the commerce , and prosperity of nations . 'I * hose classes had found a mutual ground ; and it was a ground the House might affirm , -namely , that war -was a great calamity . ( Hoar , hear . ) Now , if that was admitted , one half of his position was admitted , for they admitted the desirability" of-doing all theycould to -prevent recourse to war . In . order to 6 ffect that great object , all he desired was that disputed questions should be settlcdby arbitration ' . : The ' principle of arbitration

    was no novelty . On two occasions , in 1770 and in 1814 , we had had recourse to the , decision pf commissioners in regard to disputes : with the United States . Four commissioners were then appointed , two on each side , and those commissioners were to agree unanimously upon-au arbitrator , or to select one by ballot . . Those arbitrations had not been unsuccessful . ' ' But it would be said that such a treaty as he proposed would be a piece of waste paper , He inight almost answer that by inquiring then , what was the use of any treaty . ? But such a treaty was , surely , quite as likely te be observed as any other treaty . If it was broken , with what a badge of iiir famy : would-the nation that broke it unfold the banners of its warriors . ( Hear , hear . ) It would

    possibly be said , also , that tho interests of England were too largo to he left to individual commissioners . That was an assumption that the ground of our quarrels involved the fate of tho empire . ; But it was not so . Generally our . quarrels arose from such miserable trifles that their origin was not traceable . Commissioners , however , had more than once been appointed , Avith full powers to represent the national interests . Lord Castlereagh was sent to Vienna , Lord . Ashburton to Washington , as arbitrators , to conclude negotiations and to avert war . During the lastfifty years , commissioners had been employed to adjust disputes between nations , and in no instance had such arbitration led to war . There was , therefore , nothing visionary , nothing even

    novel , in his plan ; nor could there be any difficulty in the details of a mode of procedure which was habitual in private life . Ho then anticipated objections to his plan . If tho treaties were not abided by , it-would be said , war must follow ; but that was an objection to all treaties , and wo should in such a case have this advantage—that the recusant party would engage in war with the brand of infamy before the world . Then it might be said tho interests of England could not be intrusted to individuals ; but this assumed that such disputes involved great imperial interests ; whereas wars generally originated in trifles . Then he mig ht be told that this country was now carrying out a peaceable policy , and that the plan was unnecessary ; but Mr . Cobden

    appealed to the increase m our military and naval expenditure and the accumulation of stores , as incongruous with the notion that a pacific policy was expected to continue . Again , he might be ' told that his plan would not suit all cases ; but in any case arbitration was more rational than a course which , as Bentham said , was " mischief on the largest scale . " He admitted that the awards of arbitrators-could not be enforced , for he disclaimed all participation in the opinions of those who proposed a great paramount tribunal . The worst that could bo said of his plan was that it-would ihil'in averting war hut in that event our situation would bo no worse , and there was a chance of its being amended .

    Mr . Ewart , in a few words , - seconded the motion . Mr . B . CocnRANE opposed it , taunting Mr . Cobden with the falsification of some of his most confident prognostications , and insisted upon identifying him with the Peace Society , notwithstanding Mr . Cobden ' s disclaimer . lie considered that this was the most inappropriate moment for such a-motion , which was calculated- to bring ridicule upon the House . ' ' -. : Lord R . Grosvenor , without adopting all the views of Mr . Cobden , recollecting the success which had attended Lord Hardinge ' s scheme of arbitration in checking duelling , thought that the motion , if adopted , might , by influencing public opinion , ; suggest some scheme by which tlie great evil of war might be avoided . Mr . ¦ Cobden' had proposed -nothing impracticable , and if other nations found us sincere in our abhorrence of war , they might adopt the same views , and this would lead to great retrenchments .

    Mr . Mackinnon took a similar view of the motion , which he thought would do mfinito good , and he g ave it his cordial support . Colonel Thompson-was instructed to support the motion , and he did so most heartily . Mr . 'URQUHARTopposed the motion as utterly futile andabsurd . ' ; Mr . Hobhouse supported it , considering that wars had occurred through the very want of tlio arbitration proposed by Mr .- ^ Cobden . ; , Nations often needed an honourable and ' a graceful reason for

    retreating from a contest , bo moderate and practP cable a scheme did not deserve to be treated with scorn , ridicule , ' - and contempt ; Distinguished as " this country had been in war , it'was the fittest-to lcadtho way in theendeavour to ' establish a compact airiohgst nations for a better iriodo of ^ accommodating differences than that of force ! : ' / i Lord Palmerston aseured ' Mr . Cobden that in opposing his motion ho did nut mean to treat him ; or those whose ' organ he was , with anythin | but the greatest possible respect . Ho agreed with him in attaching the greatest value to peace , and in enter-

    Monday, Jraull... " House Of Lords. —Exp...

    taining the utmost horrors of war ; and he was glad that Mr . Cobden hud made his proposition , because it would convince tho world of our sincere and honestdesir ' o to maintain peace ! But whilst it was desirable to show that in England there was a fervent love of peace , there should not exist an impression that the manly spirit of Englishmen was dead , arid that England was not as ready as ever to repel injury nn 4 aggression , for nothing would be riibrc ' dangerous than that an opinion should go abroad that so rooted was our aversion' to war " that wc would submit to anything to avoid it . ' This was an answer to the complaint of Mr . Cobden , against tho ' provident precautions made against a possible war . He opposed the motion because he considered

    the plan " to be founded up ' ori an erroneous principle , and that it would be impracticable . '; It was ' based upon an analogy between private life and the transactions of nations ; but amongst individuals : tliero was some "legal ' tribunal " to . enforce the award , which gave ' . effect to arbitration ; and this essential ingredient Mr . Cobden admitted . was wanting , in his plan V'for ho had abandoned , or not , proposed / what hndbcen believed to be a part of his scheme , namely , a great tribunal , and he proposed that the arbitrators should consist , not of Statcs ' or Sovereigns , but commissioners iri private life . But , if governments were , asked to bind themselves to . refer-their disputes to . a third party , the p arty must bo . named at the time , ' or when the dispute happened ; the former

    course would'hot be ' agreed to , ' . and the latter . would lip difficult , , In thc'Mainc boundary question ' it was most ' difficult to , agree iri the choice of an arbitrator , and , when chosen , America refused to submit | to his award . ' . ' Tlie ' plan would not only be impracticablo as respected foreign . nations , ' but . . would be dangorou s for England to submit her ri g hts to the final judgment of a foreigivpower ; and his objection waa not removed by the proposal . to substitute for a government , which acted in the face ' of the world , some , irrc $ pbnsible private persons . Tho . ' principle ofthe plan was new , for Mr . jCobden had cited no c ' ase ' sOf successful arbitration ; the cases he had

    adducedwei'e case , s . pf mediation , " or inapplicable to his argument . ' It ' was riios ' t . desirable that w hero two nations differed , ! they " should come to an understanding , to allow a friendly third party to step in , and bring . them toi ' ii compromise ., - and . the present practice opened . a ' . door to this kind pf .. mediation , which was : becoming frequent . "He should be ' sorry W meet the motion , in such a way ' as to appear to negative the princip le . upon wKioh it" ,-was foiuidod j \ Vc " w ' ould , therefore , meet it . by moving the previous q W ' stipn ; which , though , not strictly applicable , was '' . the most courteous mode of . resisting tha motion ., . ' ..

    . Mr . M . Gibson undervalued the objections of Lord Falmerstoh , which afforded no anwer to tha motion . He had shown the imperfection of a system of arbitration , but , would , fighting settle disputes better , ? . Vattel hadrec ' omniended arbitration , as consonant ; to reason aiid nature , ' arid arbitrators would be able to' settle disputes' upon the principles of interiiatiorial law , and the riiaxims ' of . universal justice . Mr . Gibson enforced , at much length , some of the argiiihpnt ' s employed by Mr . Cobden j he'drew some strong pictures of tho horrors of war , and recommended the abolition of privateering and of prize-money . Sir . Roebuck ' ' commenced by complimenting Yiscount Palmerston , whose speech he placed in ud « vantagcous contrast to that of the last speaker . But ho dissented fi'brii tlie motion with which tha

    noble lord had concluded . He never knew thp previous question moved except ' when the mover felfi that he ought to be ashamed of ihoving it . ' Ila asked . the noble lord to consider what might be tha influence of that ni g ht ' s debate upon Europe . J £ it had gone forth that a motion of this sort had been sanctioned by the assembly of the British nation , would it not have been a great moral lesson to the unhappily divided nations of the world ? The noble lord hiid thrown away a golden and glorious opportunity by the " courscwhich he had taken . Mr . R . M . ' Milxks observed , that however the discussion might conclude , the great phenomenon of the evening would he the debate itself . It was a , striking thing , that ' atriid the contentions of tho world , the British senate should be debating the

    blessings of peace , and the advantage of promoting it ; debating it , too , with an agreement as to principle , -not loss-remarkable than the p hilosophic spirit which has characterised the' discussion . Ho gave his reasons for voting for the previous question , although concurring fully-in the motion . Miv 1-lu . MB congratulated Lord Palmerston on big avowal ofthe character of a peace-maker . It wonld correct a very different Impression that -previilcd respecting him abroad . ' He regretted , however , that the noble lord had not at once assented to tlio motion : It would have afforded an incentive to pence abroad , and an assurance of economy and prospurity at homo . Even as it was he hoped wc should hear rio more of estimates for additional ordnance stores , or for' fortifying the coasts of England against foreigners . '•

    Lord John Russbm , thought Lord Palmerston had not been entirely understood . Thoy were all agreed as to the evils of war , and' the desirability of referring disputes -to arbitration . Tho present generation had referred allits- perilous questions to such settlements . All governments had concurred in doing so ; -and'rio lesson was required from that House or from- the country on the subject . Bub this motion was to ask the' Queen to direct tho Secretary , for Foreign Affairs to negotiate treaties with foreign nations , binding the respective parties to refer their disputes to arbitrators . The government could not agree to that motion unless "they were immediately prepared to act upon it .- ' For hi ' s part-ho did not believe if they carried the

    motion , that they wouldpromotopeacemore effectually than they did at present . He believed thcrg were questions which the force of public opinion would never permit them to refer to an arbitrator . How would it have been possible to arbitrate between the Dutcli : and Louis XIV . as to the invasion of Holland ? ¦ The pending question of impressment between England arid America was a question which it would be very dangerous to refer to arbitration , although it mi g ht be arranged by negotiation . Tho occupation of Algiers by the French was another question that never could have been settled by an arbitrator . Had he given a decision that Franco ought to abandon Algiers , would she

    have withdrawn her troops from that country ? The advance of civilisation had mitig ated the horrors of war , ' and he saw no reason why , in its further progress and development , war might not he stigmatised generally as barbarous ; and , so far as rektod to tho maintaining of peace by not pertinaciously insisting upon points in which our national honour was not involved , he agreed with the spirits of the motion . - Captain Harris opposed the motion , and attributed to the mover and his party a design , wliich miqht be sincere , to denude the country of its defences .

    Mr . Cobden having replied , the House divided , when' the previous question was carried by 17 ti against 79 . Sir Jons Hobhouse had leave to bring in a Mutiny Bill for India . The Select Committee on Receivers , Courts of Chancery and Exchequer ( Ireland ) , was nominated . The Highways ( Annual Returns ) Bill was road a third time , and passed . The House adjourned at half past twelve o ' clock .

    WEDNESDAY , June 13 . , HOUSE OF C 0 MM 0 > S ,-0 n the motion of the Marquis of . Worcester , the Cruelty to Animals Bill , after some passing observations , was read a second time , a ' nd committed for that day week . OoUSTY-nATES AND ExPENDlTUttE JJir . L . ?\ Ir . Hume In moving the second reading- of chiti bill said , ho felt called upon to state its object , as an objection would , he understood , be taken to it in limine . After the Reform Bill was carried , the power ot " taxation for local purposes had been taken from tlie self-elected bodies who previously exercised it , hut tlio burden ofthe rates was nevertheless so exceedingly great that complaint after complaint was forwarded to the House from all parts of the country . In 1831

    a commission was appointed to inquire into the management of the county funds who presented a , preliminary report in 1835 , and acting upon their suggestions for the most part , 'he ( Mr . Humo ) introduced a bill on . the subject , which , however , was rejected . Since that tithe , however , he had been frequently applied to with respect to that bill , and requested to introduce it again . The principle on which it was founded was ,-that county should be placed on the same ' footing as borough rates . Theprescnt bill differed from that of 1837 m so fair as the latter gave the election of all the members of the financial board to the ratepayers in the counties . The country had since been divided into districts for the management ofthe poor ; and one principal

    objection , as stated at a meeting in Lancashire , to the bill of 1837 having been , that great trouble would be givori by requiring a new election for the purposes ofthe measure , he was prepared to take from the boards of guardians two-thirds of the county boardj each ' poor law union in a count y sending one member from its body to the covaty board . He proposed that one-third of the county board should consist of magistrates . If the house approved of the bill , he ' should move that it be referred to a committee up-stairs . The commissioners who reported on the ? subject- of county-rates some years ago declared that there was no other tax of

    such magnitude laid on "the subject except by representatives ; that its administration was committed to an iiTesponsible body ; and that rio arrangement had , heen suggested for the effectual controfof county expenditure which appeared ' so advantageous asthe establishment of a permanent finance committeetn ' each , county . . The House of Lords had appointed a committee on the same > subject , ' and the evidence takenbefore it . was even stronger . An examplewas given of the . increase which had taken placein the county-ratos . from 1702 to 1832 , the i ™ S /* ' ^ 8 ' ^ ' ^ ' w 8 to ' Wm ! , jM 2 . ° W > to £ 74 , 000 ; for gaols , from £ 92 , 000 to £ 170 , 000 ; for expenses of prisoners , from £ 45 , 000 , to £ 127 , 000 , & e .

• Citation
  • Northern Star (1837-1852), June 16, 1849, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_16061849/page/7/