Current:

Northern Star (1837-1852), 15th December 1849, Edition 2 of 3, Page 5, TOR COSTS OF MACNAMARA S ACTION. Receive...

Page 5
Page 5
5 of 8

On this page

  • Text (9)
  • Transcript

    • Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.

      Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.

      Game Laws And Poachers. Mr. Bright Has G...

      But the matter does not afreet the landlords , farmers , and peasantry alone . It is a national evil . It is , indeed , impossible that any large portion of the community can live in what is really a state of civil vaxf without the reflex Operation of the mischief being felt by the community at large . B y Parliamentary returns which have just been made , we are enabled to estimate the misery and crime which the attempt to maintain Game Proserves engenders , andvthe pecuniary loss it entails . But tllA mottnf Anna nn » aAknt + 1 . ^ 1 Jl 3 .

      Betweenthe 1 st of l \ ov ., 1832 , and the 1 st of August , 1848 , there were fift y coroner ' sinquests held in England and Wales , on the bodies of gamekeepers and other persons killed in aflrays between poachers and game-watchers . Thirtyseven of these inquests returned verdicts of " wilful murder "—two of " manslaughter "three "justifiable homicide "—and eight verdicts of " accidental deaths . " The total num . fcer of persons convicted of offences against * he Game Laws , from theothof May , 183 G to 1 st August , 1848 , was at assizes , one hundred and sixty-five-at quarter and petty sessions , ten thousand six hundred and thirteen—in all

      ten thousand seven hundred and seventveight ; and it is distinctl y shown hy the returns , that the great majority of these prosecations and convictions take place in the purely agncultural districts . The number of convictions in Dorset , in the course of two years , was two hundred and twenty-four In the East of Yorkshire it was ninety-one . hen the Protectionist landlords at their meetings make an outcry about the increase of enme and rates , it would he well for them to ask themselFes how far their own pet Game iawago to swell the amount of vice and its

      < 5 onconutants , of which they complain . In some way or other laws so purely selfish and grossly unjust—which generate and perpetuate a deadl y feud and constant active warfare between classes , which convert honest laborers into artificial made " criminals , and throw large families into the workhouse—must l > e got rid of . If Legislators will not listen to the voice of justice and humanity in Parliament , they must he made to feel that they are not , therefore , beyond the reach of popular opinion , or above the effects of popular opposition . Mr . Colletx ' s new society offers the

      peasantry a new and powerful mode of attack , upon the privileged class . B y organising their scattered strength , and bringino- it to the npport of those who , for the time being , may be subjected to the tender mercies of landlord law , they will virtually deprive it of its power to injure . The family will fare as well with the father in gaol as if he was out of it , and as to the moral stigma , which , the mere fact of poaching casts on a man ' s character , that is , « mong his own class , never felt . In fact , he is rather considered in the light of a hero than -anything else . *¦

      These infamous laws are , in fact , a very forcible exposition of the innate mischief which lurks in all class legislation . For the paltry and selfish purpose of providing a few days' or weeks' sport to the memhers of a privileged -class , an attempt is made to perpetuate an incident of barbarism ia the midst of a hi ghlyartificial state of society . A war of classes ' is maintained , in which the original aggressors have all the advantages of wealth , station , legal power , and organised physical force at "their hack . Large numbers of honest

      hardworking Labourers are annually degraded into the criminal class ; for though poaching in itself is considered no crime , it too frequently leads to a gradual deterioration of character , and the ultimate adoption of a criminal career . Tie men . who originate such evilswho activel y perpetrate such iniquities—ought not to escape public censure , and public indignation . If Mr . BiaGHT does not in Parliament give them a merited castigation , it is to he hoped some other Member will have the -courage to do so .

      But The Matter Does Not Afreet The Landl...

      - DM »»» - »• ' « " ¦ _ ' THE NORTHERN STAR . . r , ^ r I ^^_^ - —M ^ , ^ - ^ -- *^ i- » - ' - — -- — -- ¦• -- ¦ ' - ' ¦ - ^¦¦™» J *^" , ** **

      Receipts Of The National Land Company. F...

      RECEIPTS OF THE NATIONAL LAND COMPANY . Fob she Week Ending Thursday , December 13 , 1849 . SHARES . £ s . 4 £ s . d . "Central Rossendale 0 10 0 Exeter .. .. 0 12 0 £ 1 2 fl TOTALS . Land Fund ... ... ... ... 12 0 Mathon . G . H . 7 0 ( l Uevr Company , ... ... ... 14 0 Bonus ditto ... ... ... 010 o "~ £ 0 16 G W . Drxoj ; , C . Dotee , T . Clark , Cor . Sec . P . M'Ghath , Pin . Sec .

      Tor Costs Of Macnamara S Action. Receive...

      TOR COSTS OF MACNAMARA S ACTION . Received liv W . Rider . —Mr . Burke , iondon , 2 s . ; A Toner , Iran , Is . 2 d . ; Worcester , per J . Harding , 5 s ; Barnslev , per W . Sutcliffe , 4 s . ; a few Chartists , Blandford , pei- T . Saunders , 9 s . - , W . Ingles , Glasgow , Is . Old . Guards , Dalston , per T . Sowerby , 5 s . ; Jolin Johnson and W . Mackav , Little Chilton , is . ; Ovenden , per W . Bushnortli , 53 .: a ' Friend , Hollingworft , 3 d . ; John Cove , a Foundling ' per E . S . ; Cd . ; a few Friends , MMdleton , near Man-^ chester , 2 s . lid . ; E . W ., London , Is . 6 d . ; G . Smith , Capar , 5 d . ; D . Lithgow , Biggar , Is . ; J . Joodcock , > cwton , Cheshire Is . ; J . L ., Sheffield , per J . Cavfll , 2 s . ; Cradlev , per 3 . Copley , 3 s . ; Wingate-grans 6 Coffieiy , per . W . J . onnan , 9 s . ; A . Lonsdale , Manchester , 3 s . ; K . Howarth , Grove-street , Hulme , as . ; T . Wair , Norwich , Is . ; W . AtSnson , Liverpool , Is . ; Hastings Chartists , per E- Mose , is .: Gideon Cooke . Melton Mowbray , 6 s . ; George Morton ,

      an Old Guard , Rochdale , Is . ; Low Moore , near Uitueroe , per 6 . Kobinson , Ms . Cd . ; Belmont , near Bolton , per IV . Wtes , Ss . 6 d . ; G . M . andW , R ., Liverpool's . ; Charusts , Ossett , near Wakefield , per B . Sinuson , £ 1 Is . lOd . ; Mr-Tvicli Chartist Association , per C . SpnngaH . ^ l ; linn Chartists , per G . Baraett , 10 s . 7 d . ; U V . P . and 111 JL lUddMe-liridge , per K . Hanier , 2 s Cd ; K . Wood = Book , Halme , per T . Siddeley , lis . ' Jd . ; T . Fields Book , Hulm . vet . T . Siddeley , 5 s . ; T . Robert ' s Book , Huluic , per T . SiLfev . 4 s , Si ; J . ' wintworA ' s Book mdme perT . Siddeley . as . ; Bishop Wearnioutb per W . Bobbie , , a . M ., Bradford Land Company , per J . Connell , / s . A ; J- BeU , 2 iansfWu . . Cd . ; Mansfield Woodbouse , per J . Slaney , 2 s . fid .: Edinburgh , per R . Bnrkett , 10 s : Xe « tonMoor , Cheshire , per J . Burgess , Ss . 6 d . ; Barasley , per J . Tbowe , 5 s . 8 d . ; Xottiflsbani , nerJ . Street , J » Id . ; ^ rnstaple , per J . BowderuH Is!—Received by T . CEiEK-Dorkios 7 s . Cd . ; a few Democrats , 6 s . Id .

      FOR THE AGITATION OF THE CHARTER . Received fay W . Rider .-Chester , per J . Roberts , as . Bristol , per C . Clark , 2 s . Cd . DEBT DUE TO THE PRINTER . Reeeivedby W . Rn > EB .-Paisley per P . Cameron , 21 . FOR WIDOWS OF THE LATE MESSRS WILLIAMS

      AND SHARP . Received by W . ItroEB .-Cradley , per J . Copley , 3 s . Cd . If ot & igham , per J . Sweet , 3 d . TO EXEMPT PRISONER'S FROM OAKUM PICKING . Received by W . Rb > eb .-R . S . B ., per XLHolyoake , Ms . A L ^ sdalc ^ anchester , 2 s . , Hastings Chartists , per E . Mose ! 2 s . ed . ; Low Moor , near Clitberoe , per G . Robinson , ls . 6 d . FOR WIVES AND FAMILIES OF VICTIMS . Received by W . R ^^^^ STTr ^ C ? - RfeS Korman , 2 s . 8 d . ; Todmorden , !» er " ^ i ^ MnnJ ™ £ Sun . Calendar-yard , per J . Scotter , 10 s . ; l *^^ ' ^ "f Scwe ! v * GRobinson . . Cd . ; Barnstaple , per J . S & s'ld . TsSp Inn , Binn ^ h ^ . Igg ^ g 1 L 10 s . ; Brighton , per T . JTarvejr , 10 s ., -Kusie ^ , i «^ j-Cameron , 2 s . lid . ,., Mn NATIONAL VICTIM FUND . Received bv Jobs A »« rr , Secretary .-Crown and Jto tlreality , 5 s . ; Mr . Rider , as per Star , -3 / . 7 s . 9 d .

      Mr. J. Bligh Xsd Sis Accusers. To The Ed...

      MR . J . BLIGH XSD SIS ACCUSERS . to THE EDITOB OF THE XOBIHEBS STAB . SiR-S ^™ aUow me again to trespass on V Iwi brinsertin / this etter in the jour kmto by ^ ran ^ * h ^ cbst ^ y ^^—S 2 a TOeh Chartists , and mj ^ oner . a _ ain 8 tme .

      Star of the 21 st of April , stating that I M »* appeal to the Star till my chief accuser ^ Ifc Kb * Ro & n , had gone to Aniens . He ha % iowever returned , and 1 should be gad to meet inn on i K ' - ste " isa-wa

      One Of The Tovm-Councuiors Of Bradford W...

      One of the tovm-councUIors of Bradford was la £ r ? finedI five slulUngs , having been found in the stS " drw * a ° ^ capable . 1

      Letters To The Working Classes. Lxx. " F...

      LETTERS TO THE WORKING CLASSES . LXX . " Faut , r aI !& S > anfla ""^ a ** ofink flS ? makeS « h « n «»^ Aps mfllions , ^^ uraos . T Crpn .-ary .,.

      CHABTIST RE-ORGANISATION . Brother Pao LEiABuxs , . The influence of Chartism , and your desire for liberty , will speedily be tested by the lrovisional Committee just appointed to inaugurate the new plan of Chartist Organisation . s

      -1 'he past few years have witnessed many attempts to organise the working classes for the achievement of their political emancipation , and as many failures . It is to be hoped that the attempt now commencing will meet with a very diflerent result . TM , ° in a great measure , depends on the manner in which the " leaders " shall perform their part in seeking popular support .

      It is imagined by some persons , that the coaxing policy applied to the bourgeoisie , will bring the Charter " troops of friends" from the ranks of those who , on the 10 th of April , arrayed their " physical force" against that measure ; and who subsequently , in the jurybox , wreaked their vengeance on the unfortunate men whose offence consisted iu seeking the Charter . The said " policy " may have already made a few converts , and may make a few more . But it may be doubted that that " policy" will be equally effectual as regards the working classes . To win one of the shopocracy , yon must " speak him fair aud stroke

      him canny . " Ton must tell him that " the people—notwithstanding any reports to the contrary—are really very moderate ; willing to go with moderate reformers as far as they go , and thankful for any ' modicum' of help their respectable friends may be pleased to afford ; that the Reduction of Taxes , Separation of Church and State , and Abolition of Capital Punishments , will be the grand fruits of Parliamentary Reform . " Should foreign poMcsbe touched upon , the converting apostle may go the length of declaring " the United States Confederation a model fbr all nations , and Lamabiine the beau ideal of a

      revolutionary statesman . " It will be as well to add , that " although the English working classes have their faults , thank Gob , they have nothing in common with those madmen—the Red Republicans of France , and the Socialist-Democrats of Germany . " But the question arises , whether this " singing-small" method of conducting the Chartist Movement will be as efficacious with

      the masses . It may be strongl y doubted that the enthusiasm of the people will ever again be excited for Parliamentary JHeform as it was in 1831-32 , or as for the Charter in 1839 , unless they have previously a clear idea of the social ameliorations they are likely to obtain by moderate , or ultra reform of Parliament . To tell them , that through the extension ( more or less ) of the suffrage , they will be able to obtain a reduction of Ten Millions of

      Taxesthe banishment of the lords spiritual from the House ofPeers—and the privilege of conserving the precious existence of a Mabia Maxmxgis hardly likely to so far call up their enthusiasm as to excite them to energetic action in support of any scheme of reform which promises such results . Be it remembered too , that there cannot be one set of arguments addressed to the middle-classes , and a set widely different addressed to the workers . If the all-iniportant questions connected with veritable Social Reform , are ignored in the one case , they must also be in the other . It will be

      found impossible to serve two masters , or that which is tiie same thing—to advocate two distinct systems , with any permanent advantage to those who might happen for a moment to forget that in politics as in private affairs , in the long run , " honesty is the best policy . " It may be said that the working classes have already £ iven their enthusiastic adhesion to the policy of "Conciliation" and "Union with the . Middle Classes . " " Bear witness , " it may be added , " the great meeting at Drury-Jane , and the large meetings at Aberdeen and many other places . " The attendance , and conciliatory conduct of a

      considerable number of the Chartist body at those meetings is admitted . The announcement that Mr . O'Cosnob intended to speak at the Drury-lane meeting sufficed , as a matter of course , to attract a large number of Chartists . Bat let not the " Reformers" and their friends " lay the flattering unction to their souls" that their movement has at all penetrated the ranks of the working classes ; always excepting that ever-active section of the Chartists , the men who , undiscouraged by part-disappointments , are constantly on the watch for any tew sign in the political . horizon . The " Reformers" have held great meetings , hut with what

      results ? To say nothing of the ( by no means contemptible number of ) Chartists who have no faith , and put no trust in the Moderate Reformers ; let the non-political masses be questioned , and it will be soon found how little they care for , or think of the " little Charter . " I venture to assert , that the Jetters of the anonymous " commissioners" of the Morning Chronicle on the Social Condition of the Working Classes , have created reflection and excitement amongst the veritable people , a thousand-fold more than has yet been caused by the well-trumpeted agitation of Sir Joshua "Walmslei and his friends . Chartist " leaders" may , from this fact , learn . an

      important lesson , that , whether they attract or repel the middle classes , they can hope to win the masses only by taking up social questions , and showing that veritable social reform—not any mere pottering and peddling with taxation—would follow the obtainment of the Charter . . There is another point should not be lost sight of , the desirability of bringing into the Chartist movement new men possessing influence with sections of the people who , hitherto , have been impervious to Chartist appeals . I do not mean " respectable , " right honourable , "and " noble " leaders , although I should be \ cry . gladto see them if they came on leaders ot the trades

      acceptable term s . I mean the , the men of weight and standing in the ranks of industry . It is to be regretted that steps were not taken to include a number of trades delegates , or persons by their position representing the trades , m the Metropoliton Conference . I hope it will he found , three months hence , possible to find at least one or two such men to sit on the Chartist Executive . I take it for granted , that there is no leading Chartist but would be glad to take the post of private for that of captain , if impressed with the conviction that the place he heretofore occupied could be filled by another with advantage to our

      common cause . . - Of course it would be-as it always ls-necessary to guard against counterfeits . The people of this and every other country , have been too often cursed with the leadership of speculators m politics , and traffickers in popular credulity ; f d , natappjy , riie race of political impostors is not yet extinct . IhS much pleasure in calling attention to a letter fromAlr . S . Ktdd in this number of the Star . B 5 l be S , that Mr . Kronpropose- devote hfe tLand labour , two or three evenings each week , for the next two or threemonths , to . the gjod . m * nf ™ etin < r and conferring with the ill-paid and

      1 unemployed of the several trades , caning in this metropolis , for the purpose of learning Irom be 1 ns onfie suferers themWves their own accountof the causes of their social ^ lme , and thenown view of the measures necessary and efficient to least so far as London is concerned . §« Sssiis goodwisheaof l , ajii DtJ PEUrLE . December Kth , 1849 .

      . The Frateruali Democrats. Bers Have Be...

      . FRATERUAli DEMOCRATS . bers have been enrolled . ^^ S from the the 30 thult ., t ^^ lliSXfu-eefrom Italy . eSS f * to * \^ 3 ? FSinaY Fes-7 th instt ! twa s ^ solvedUo Md a tn John . stree , ber 31 st ,

      Chartist Conference. The Delegates (A Li...

      CHARTIST CONFERENCE . The delegates ( a list of whom appeared in the Star of last week ) assembled in the spacious room of the Wheat Sheaf Tavern , Ifcm 4-court , HighHolborn , on Monday , evening , December 10 th . At eight o ' clock , on the motion of Messrs . M ( irath and Umw , Mr . James Grassby was unanimously called to the chair . On the motion of Messrs . Rf . ysoi . os and Arsoit , Messrs . 1 . Clark and Samuel Boonham were appointed joint secretaries . The Ciwirmax said he trusted that each delegate would feel that they had assembled for the despatch Of business , and that all their speeches would bo precise . The roll having been called , and the several delegates having answered to their names , on the motion of Messrs . Clauk and Sialiwood , it was resolved that the sittings commence at eight o clock precisely each evening , and close at half-past

      Mr . T . Cuhk moved that no delegate should occupy more than five minutes in speaking to a motion , and only to speak once on each question , except the mover , who should be allowed ten minutes if Pen « ° . uestl ° n » and five minutes to replv . Mr . Arnott seconded the motion , which , " after a lew words from Messrs . Busily , Uirao , O'Cosxon , Brown , Uabmjt , and tbe Chairman , was adopted unanimously . . On the motion oi Messrs . Cure , and Allsutt it was resolved , " That all motions , notices of motion , or amendments , shall bo handed to the Chairman in writing . " The Secretary then read a letter from the Manchester Chartists , signed by Mr . Jackson , delegating Mr . C . Doyle to act on their behalf . Mr . 0 . Doyle took his seat at the table accordindv . —A

      letter was read from the Chartists of Todmorden , signed by Mr . Perth , which stated that they -me determined to support the movement . —Also a letter frpm Halifax , signed by Webber , recommending a union of sentiment and action between tho democrats of England and Ireland—a movement by petition ©^ memorial to restore the Chartist prisoners and the expatriated victims to their homes and families—and the establishing a firm union of the people to cause the Charter to become tbe law of the land . —A letter was also read from Newcastleupon-Tyne , signed J . Hudson , recommending tho distribution of Chartist tracts , and the sending out efficient lecturers or- missionaries , and requesting that Mr . G . W . M . Reynolds might be sent to that district .

      Mr . G . W . 3 f . Retxolds , on behalf of the Pro visional Committee , then read the following pro gramme for the discussion of the Conference : —

      CONSTITUTION OP THE NATIONAL CHARTER UNION AND RE-OllGANISATION OF THE CHARTIST MOVEMENT . 1 . —The object of those persons who signify their adhesion to the principles and plans set forth in this document , is to institute a legal , peaceful , and COllStitUtiOHUl agitation On behalf cf the Tcople ' s Charter . 2 . —The persons thus uniting their opinions and their moral energies , denominate themselves collectively 'The National Cuaktek Union . ' 3 . —This Association consists of all individuals who take

      outcavdsofmembmhip and subscribe to the fund of the Society . i . —The principles to be promulgated by the Association are those contained in the documents known as the People's Charter , and which may be thus summed up : —1 . Universal Suffrage j 2 . Vote hy Ballot ; 3 . Annual Parliaments ; 4 . Equal Electoral Districts No Property Quailficab ' on ; C , Paid Hcprcseiitathi's . _ 5 . —Tho Associatii . n is governed by a president , a vice-president , a council , and an executive committee , with a secretory and treasurer .

      6 . —The president presides at the council-board or hi his absence , the vice-president . 7 . —The council consists of thirty-seven members . 8 . —The president , vice-president , and members of the council are elected annually , and are all unpaid . 9 . —The executive committee consists of eight members : five receiving salaries for their services , and three unpaid . The three unpaid members are the president , vice-president , and treasurer , who are members by virtue of their offices . The five paid members are appointed by the council , but not for any specific term ; they retain office in a mhiisteilal capacity so long as they enjoy the confidence of the council . 10 . —The council appoints the treasurer , 11 . —The executive committee appoints the secretary , who receives a salary for his services .

      12 . —The treasurer is unpaid , as well as the president , vice-president , and members of the council . The salaries of the executive committee and secretary are regulated by the council . In other respects , the executive committee constitutes the financial as well as the administrative committee . 13 . —All members of the association are entitled to votes ( personally , and not hy proxy ! for the president , vice-president , and council . 14 . —A card of membership is granted for one year upon payment of one shilling ; for six months upon payment of sixpence ; for three months upon payment of threepence ; and for one mouth on payment of one pemij . 15—As any individual who fails to maintain his payments , ceases to be a member of the association , he cannot vote unless his arrears he previously paid up . IC—The mode of propagating the principles of the Association shall be by public meetings , by the circulation of tracts , by the aid of lecturers , and by other legal means which the council may think fit to adopt .

      17 . —At the public meeting called by , and at the instance of , this Association , the most perlect freedom of speech is recognised ; save and except with , regard tolangaugc calculated to cause a breach ot the peace or otherwise violate the laws . 18 . —For the purpose of tract distribution , the metropolis must be divided into districts , and local systems of district visitation must be established . This plan of district visitation will likewise be rendered available for the financial interests of the association . 19 . —lecturers will be appointed b y the executive coinmittee , with the concurrence of the council , due regard being had to the character as well as the capacity of the agents thus selected .

      20 . —The Nation Ai . CoAimen Union has been founded and exists independently of all other institutions whatsoever , irhetherpoljtical , social , or territorial ; and it is hoped that itmaybecomearaUjing-pointfor aU democratic sections and popular interests , 21 . —An office will l „ e taken to serve as the head-quarters of the association ; and this association will be devoted solely to the business of the institution .

      RESOLUTIONS . 1 . —Thateither the present provisional committee be continued in office , or a new one appointed , to take measures for the election of the council ; and that such election do take place within six weeks from the present time . 2 . —That the council shall assemble within ten days from the date of its election , aud at once proceed to the choice of an executive committee and make the necessary arrangements for the election of the president and vice-president 3 . —That an address be issued by this Conference to the nation , promulgating the new Constitution of the National Cuauteu Vsioh , aud invoking the moral adhesion as well » s the pecuniary assistance of those who are favourable to democratic progress . 4 . —That the Katjoxal Cijabteb Union is established to aid and assist , not to obstruct or mar , the endeavours of all societies whose objects are to obtain the reformation of all or any abuses in the institutions of the country .

      Mr . Reyxoids said the Provisional Comaiittce had devoted several nights to the consideration of this document . It must be remembered that Chartism , as a corporate body , was dead—the spirit only existed , and this was an attempt to resuscitate that glorious body . ( Dear , hear . ) The election of tho several officers would necessarily create excitement , and do the work , in diffusing the principles of Chartism , of many lecturers . ( Hear , hear . ) When the discussion arrived at that point relative to members' contributions—monthly , half-yearly , or annnal—ho -would advise tho appointment of a select

      committee , to tahe that portion of the programme into consideration , as he thought he could show the means of making ilu ' s not only thoroughly practical but profitable . Such was the programme for their consideration , and whatever the Conference might do with it , he at least thought it would give the Provisional Committee credit for the getting it up , and submitting it for the consideration of that Conference . ( Loud cheers . ) Mr . Stauavood moved , " That in deference to the Provisional Committee , as well as to save the time of the Conference , each clause should stand as « moved" and . ' seconded , ' when read by the

      Chairman . Air . BRoffX seconded the motion . Carried unanimously . The first clause was then adopted iwm . to \ i . On the reading of the second clause , Jlr . UxriKO asked , was there now a National Charter Union in existence ? and was answered m the negative . Mr . Besxly said he belonged to the National Charter Association , and would look upon it as treason to niter the name . Mr O'Cosnob said vast numbers of persons had pledeed their clothes and other necessaries to get to iiirmin-ham to defend the name , and many had been persecuted and prosecuted under that name . The title was more euphonious , and for these reasons he was for retaining it . Mr . Umbo moved , •« That the title be The National Charter Association . '"

      Mr . Lee seconded the amendment . . Mr Eexiley also expressed his concurrence m it . Mr Davis agreed with the proposition , because he thought as there were so many parties now adopting the word " Association , " it would ho better for them to distinguish their society from others of a similar nature . It appeared to him that they w > uld gain many new converts to the cause if they emmged the nftme- « d ttow cobkept aloof from them on account of the name they b ° lwKthought an alteration of name at the IKS practicable , as the Assompresent to » 2 « Kn entirely new construction , to" Tthl KefunVn 3 the future was not to in fact , the tnarter uiuy « , . . b „ S « w 5 » SW ^ ( H ' TowiUn rose to support the clause , m ; it i a TL so hppause the old association had ££ LwT he ^ aiconfident , did not meet with the

      sympathy of the Chartist body general , ue wonw not Join any future movement under the old name . Vr . Allsuix opposed the spirit of the clause . His instructions , were , to retain the name at all

      Chartist Conference. The Delegates (A Li...

      hazards ; and he thought few of the delegates would like logo back to their constituents , and teJIthem they had changed the name of tho Association , be-Pa" | e t'ley were ashamed of what had been done m 1848 . ( Hear , hear . ) While he deplored the fate of the unfortunate men who became tho victims of their own zeal and devotedness to the cause , yet lie was proud to say he gloried in the principles which actuated them , in their every action . ( Cheers . ) Mr . Brows opposed the clause . If he voted for it , he should be ashamed to meet the poor men who were now suffering for their advocacy of Chartism under the old name , when their time should expire . Mr . Unas opposed the clause . Mr . iiej-xolos thought some of tho delegates

      were . iabounng under a delusion in thinking that by changing the name they would destroy the old Association , as thev merely wanted to consolidate all parties under one general term— " Union . " As to the insinuation which had been thrown out respecting their altering the name of the Association with a view of truckling to the middle classes , ho disclaimed any such imputation ; and declared the sole object of tlio Provincial Committee in drawing up the " Constitution" he had read , was to rouse the latent energies of the people of this country , and , by altering the name , to create a fresh feature in the Chartist agitation—a feature which , 'ho was sure , would be productive of abundant fruit . ( Hear , hear . )

      Mr , Hmhjm rose to correct an error which had tallen "'om one or two of the preceding speakers , with reference to the conduct of some of those onanists who had been conspicuous in 184 . 8 . It was well known that success or failure decided t m character of every movement ; and although tnose men had failed in gaining tiie rights which the Chartist body had somucli at heart , he could not see that they had thrown anv discredit upon the movement . He could not see " that there was any treason in altering the name . The Association of late years had . been a failure ; lie was anxious to abide by the motto of ' * the People ' s Charter , ami no Surrender , " but he would rather do it under the name of tho " Charter Union" than that of tho " National Charter Association . " ( Hear , hear . ) Mr . Bentelv would not vote against the clause . Mr . O'Coxson said , if they wished to do things in a business-like manner , they should do as they did in the House of Commons—namely , pass a bill first , and name it afterwards .

      After some , further dbcussion . it was agreed by 24 "to" 20 ,. ; that the question should be settled at

      once . Mr . Dbake was in favour of retaining the old name . He did not like new-fangled doctrines . The Provisonal Committee seemed to have thought that the change of name would be productive of a good fund which would be placed at the disposal of the Council . He thought no such tiling . In fact , he would stick to the old name as long as he professed Chartist principles . Mr . HoBDKX would prefer the word " Union " to "Association , " as the former had always been the watchword of the Charter . He could not see any material difference in the words to create any discussion , and would advise them to settle the question at once .

      Mr . M'Gratii said , he had not heard anv one single argument advanced tending to invalidate the clause under discussion . He confessed that he had always preferred tho word " Union " to "Association , " as " union" was the rallying cry of all political parties . As to the Committee wishing to truckle to the middle class , and to break up the agitation for the Charter , he considered such suppositions highly ridiculous , as they ( the Provisional Committee ) had done all in their power to devise the best means for resuscitating a movement for a long time dead , and for infusing a sound principle of .-. ction into the whole of tho Chartist proceedings . Jlr . Langab would say that , if there were no difference between the two words " Union " and " Association , " why seek to alter it ? ( Hear , hear . ) He would vote against tho change . After some further discussion , clause 2 was put , when there appeared for the clause , 11 ; against it , 10 ; majority 5 .

      Ihe decision was received with general applause amongst tho strangers . prcsent . The OiiAimiAx then put the 3 rd and 4 th clauses , to which no opposition was offered . On the 5 th clause being put , Mr . Couixs moved : — " That no president , or vice-president , be elected , but that tho Association be governed by an Executive Council . " Mr . Wu . Ki . vg seconded it . Mr . Bbntlev supported the amendment , as it tended to place tho governing power of the Association upon a strictly democratic principle . ( Hear , hear . )

      Mr . Lee supported the amendment . Mr . Hakxey would certainly give his vote in favour of the amendment of Mr . Collins , because he detested tho system of presidency , and , after the exhibition which the French President had made , they must all agree with him in his vote against the clause . Mr . O'Coxson said , bethought they would do better to substitute the word chairman for president . Mr . BuyxoiDS said that the development of the machinery of the organisation would grow-out of the articles of the programme . He thought thev should try the plan for twelve months , and then i ' f it did not succeed they could throw it overboard .

      Mr . M'Ouath said they had been told that the President of Trance had misconducted himself , and that , therefore , to havo a president in their Association would be impolitic ; but he would direct their attention to the President of America in answer to that , and ask if his conduct had heen inconsistent with the democratic principles of the American government ? ( Hear , hear . ) lie should adhere to the original clause . Mr . Bnowx could not see any harm in having a president when tiiey had the jowor to discharge him . Mr . Stailwood supported the amendment , as he thought it would be best to allow the Council to choose their own chairman . Mr . Clabk said it required that a responsible person should be placed at the head of all societiesa person capable of wielding the emblem of order , and of directing it . ( Hear , hear . )

      Jlr . Allnutt supported the proposition of the Provisional Committee . The Chairman then put the amendment , when the numbers were—For tiie amendment , 17 ; against it , 11 ; majority against , 6 . Tho 0 th clause , bearing upon the 5 th , was then annulled . On clause 7 , Mr . O'Connor objected to the election ef a Council of thirty-seven men by the people of London , to sit in London , and to transact the business of the whole country . It would make a close borough Of it . People in the country would not subscribe towards a parliament elected only by the people of London . Besides , the number was too groat . They could never get more than . fifteen out of the thirtyseven to attend .

      Mr . Reynolds said , tho Provisional Committee had purposely left tho mode of election to be decided by the Conference . Ho did not think , however , that the country could afford to scud up men to London , and keep them there perpetually ; and for that reason the committee had thought it host to confine the election of delegates to London . Mr . Uitixg moved : — "'fhat the number of the Council be reduced to twenty-one . " Jlr . DitAKE seconded the amendment .

      Mr . Stauavood would observe , with respect to the election oi the Counil bein" confined to London , that if they made it a general election throughout the country thoy would be pounced upon by government for infringing the law . It would be a . violation of the Corresponding Act . Jfr . Ketxolos said , that if they had thirty-seven in their Council they would have thirty-seven unpaid lecturers , who would work to their utmost , in their various localities , to disseminate the doctrines of Chartism .

      Mr . Clark did not think that the country districts would consent to place all their legislative powers in the hands of the people ot London . Jlr . O'Coxxoit reiterated his opinion , that thirtyseven was too groat a number . They would say : — " What ' s everybody ' s business is nobody's business . " They . would get more present out oi a Council of twelve than thoy would out- of the number proposed . They must give the people of the country the power to rote in the election of their Council . Such a course would not bo a violation of the Covrepondiug Act .

      Mr . Allkutt thought there would not be much difficulty in getting a Council of thirty-seven together in London , as , in 18 i 3 , they had a Metropolitan Council consisting of a much greater number , and he would say , that he never knew Chartism in London in so prosperous a condition as it was while that Council existed . Mr . Dotle said the Manchester people were rather tenacious of their rights , —( hear , hear , )—and having always been so , he did not think they would bo more reconciled now than they had been before ,

      to abide by anything in which they had not a voice . He could bear witness to the good done by the Jfctropolitan Council in 1843 , but that good only extended over London itself ; and , therefore , on behalf of the whole country , he would reject any general Council being formed , in the election of which the people generally could not havo a vote . ( Hear , hear . ) . ,, Mr . Harney agreed with Mr . O'Connor m the views that gentleman had expressed upon tho subject . ¦

      , , Mr . Drake would like to see as many as a hundred framing a Council ; as he considered that the greater the number of which the Conncii . Trere composed , the greater number of staunch advocates o " f the Charter would they have in their ranks . Mr . Davis thought that if they could not get fifty-seven men out of their body in London to meet in London , the , chance of their eyey obtaining

      Chartist Conference. The Delegates (A Li...

      thev ultimata object was very improbable . ( Ileal , hear . ) Mr . Bestiei supported the clause as it stood . Mr . Towxsesd : Let them , at all events , give the matter a trial . Messrs . M'Guatu and Patiexsox followed . Mr . O'Coxson hogged to assure the members of the Provisional Committee that if they sent the S Constitution " into the country as it stood , they tlto Committee ) uouid be laughed at . ( Hear , hear . ) Mr . Claur moved : — " That the general government be an Executive Council , consisting of seven persons . " Mv . Dixon seconded the motion .

      Mr , Reynolds was objecting to the motion of Jlr . Clark as being out of order , when The CiuiiiMAiV said that half-past ten o ' clock being the hour at which they had agreed to close the debates , the Conference stood adjourned .

      TUESDAY BVEXING . The Conference assembled at eight o ' clock precisely . Shortly afterwards , Mr . O'Connor entered , and was much applauded . The Cmahoi m * having taken his scat , called over the names of the delegates , when all of them being present , The Secretary of the Conference , ( Mr . Claris ,. ) read the minutes of the previous evenings proceedings , which were confirmed . He thou proceeded to read two letters ho had received—one from

      Aberdeen , " expressing the desire of tho people of that place to see a thorough and practical rc-organisntion drawn up by the Conference , and hoped that Mr . O'Connor and Mr . Keynolds would pay them a visit , as soon as possible , in order to resuscitate the Chartist movement there . " The other letter was from a West Hiding delegate meeting , held in Bradford , ( Mr . Wilcox , chairman , ) " expressive of their desire to abide by , and carry out any vigorous plan of organisation which the Conference mig ht adopt .

      The Chairmax then proceeded to business , and said : The first question they should discuss was Mr . Utting ' s amendment upon ' clause 7 , which was : — " That the number of the Council be reduced to twenty-one . " Mr , Clark's motion would come next under discussion . Jlr . Curk would just read his motion , which he had altered from the one he proposed the night previous , to the following : — " That the Council of seven should be elected by London , and that the Chartists of the provinces should bo empowered to send up membej-s if thought fit . " Mr . Dixon seconded it .

      Mr . O'Connor said : If they placed the power of returning members of the Executive Committee in the hands of the people in the provinces , they must first pass a resolution that such men should be paid for their services . ( Hear , hear . ) If they neglected to do that , the men of JIanchester , Leeds , Newcastle , and other places , would say it was a juggle . Let them proceed upon the principle of Universal Suffrage as far as they could , and thoy would thereby show to the world at large that they understood what they were agitating for , and that

      tho principle was one of sound practicability . ( Hear , hear . ) Let them not doubt that there would be sufficient funds to support an Executive . For the people would see the necessity of such a course , in or «! er to keep time with the Protectionist humbug movement , and the Parliamentary Reform agitation . He had , not many years back , spent £ 90 in one tour , for the purpose of paying an Executive , — ( cheers . )—and he would do the same again if circumstances required it . Mr . CiiMiK pressed his motion .

      Mr . Mills would like to see tho district delegate councils in the country , the same as under tho old organisation . Mj ^ Milxks did not see why Mr , O'Connor should be expected to go round tho country to spend his money , when past experience had shown them that individual members would not do their duty . ( Hear , hear . ) He would move " that tho Council consist of 3 paid members . Jlr . Bnowx seconded the motion . Mv . Collins supported it . If they had any more than three , he thought ( 00 great a share of payment would fall on Jlr . O'Connor ' s shoulders , as it had done before . ( Hoar , hear . )

      The Chairman said , if the Executive consisted only of three persons , they must at all events confine their services to London . ( Hear , hear . ) Mr . Uitino said , if any portion of the Executive Council were to become lecturers , he would like some gentleman to move the following , as he had already one amendment upon the subject before the Conference , which his seconder was unwilling to withdraw—namely , " That tho Council consist of seven members ; these to be nationally elected , to be paid for their services , whose duty it should be to go to meetings , and deliver lectures ; tho remain ; ing four to be elected by London , and to act only in London , and not to bo paid for their services . " Mr . Bmrcur c would move that .

      Mr . O'Coxson understood that the object of the Conference was to create union . He would ask , what would be the feelings of seven men sitting together , of whom three were paid for their services , and four wore not ? Thoy would indeed , have a happy family . ( Laughter . ) As self-interest was the basis of human action , they , would have a continual hubbub iu their council—tho whole onus being thrown upon the three paid men . ( Hear , hear . ) No seconder appearing for Mr . Bentley ' s motion , it fell to the ground .

      Mr . Drake said , that the past had taught them a lesson , that the public would not pay for lectures . They wanted 100 lecturers , if they could pay them ; but they must get the money first , and engage the lecturers afterwards . ( Hear , hear . ) Jlr . Heyxolus said , he thought if tho people wished for the Charter , they could support a Council of five men ; and if Jlr . O'Connor , or himself , or any other individual chooscd to act the part of a patriot , it was for that Conference , and the people generally , to applaud him for it , and not to endeavour to prevent the exhibition of true zeal for the future . ( Hear , hear . )

      Mr . Stallwood said , ho would just observe , tha } now there was no Provisional Committee , that it and its duties had ceased immediately its report was made to that Conference ; and as regarded the questions before them , he knew it was difficult to please all sections of their own party . The letter read that evening from Aberdeen was a good illustration of that : in that letter it was stated , that the Scotch would not be satisfied with an English Conference , or an English Executive , or Secretary ; and suggested that a Scotch Conference should be held , and a Scotli Executive and Secretary be appointed ; and yet , strange as it may appear , thoy had to the late Executive a Scotch Secretary ( Mr . S . Kydd ) , who was not supported by his countrymen ; and

      what was more inconsistent still was , with all this national prejudice they invited a Saxon and an Irishman to come across the border , to raise the agitation for them . As regards the payment of the members of the Executive , he thought this a serious question for their consideration , and past experience did not say much in its behalf ; for his part , should Mr . O' Connor , or any other person feel dispoted to give any sum of money in favour of the agitation ^ he should not be inclined to receive it ungraciously , as ho believed such things were done with the best intentions ; but , at the same time , lie thought it would reflect the greatest disgrace on the Chartist body , whoso supinencss rendered anything of the kind necessary . ( Heal ' , bear . ) No

      feared the numerous questions before the Conference would perplex it ; for his part , lie thought three the best number for the Executive ; and he also thought the Council of twenty-one necessary , and highly beneficial , and should vole for both those propositions . After a further discussion of some minutes , The Chairman put tiie propositions as they stood , when there appeared : ~ -For tho original clause , 0 ; for Mr , Clark ' s amendment , 12 ; for Mr . Jlilne ' s , 10 ; foivMr . Utting ' s , 7 . Jlr . Clark moved— " That the whole government of the Association be vested in tho hands of the Executive Committee . " Jlr . Davis seconded it .

      The question was then put , when it was carried by Yi to 5 . Upon clauses 10 and 11 being read , it was unanimously agreed " that the Secretary and Treasurer of the ' Executivc Committee should bo appointed by that body . " Clause 12 was rendered unnecessary by the substitution of Jlr . Clark's proposition in tho place of clause 9 . Clause 13 was agreed to , without any discussion . Upon clause 14 , Jlr . O'Coxson said , lie thought one shilling was too much for many working man to pay down . ( Hear hear . ) Quick sale and light profit was the basis of trade ; aud for that reason he would move— " That the subscriptions for twelve months should be threepence . " He considered they would then harmonise their proceedings with the condition of the people ; and they would obtain ten times the number of I

      members . This motion not being seconded , fell to the ground . Mr . Davis thought one shilling quite little enough . Mr . Siallwood concurred with Jlr . Davis , and said lie had known poor Cuffay and other Chartists in London , who had gone with one meal per day to contribute to the funds of Chartism ; and any man , \ tith the cause at heart , would do the same , ( Hear , hear , ) Jlr . Uttixo said , the expenses of cards of membership , if granted monthly for one penny , would leave no funds in the hands of tho Executive . Mr , Reynoids explained , that if 100 cards tsotd issued in one month , the profit upon them would bo seven shillings . ( Hear , hear . ) Besides , if they issued cards monthly they would be able to prevent any such slur being thrown upon them again , as they experienced in the case of tho National Petition of last year . If they issued 1 , 000 , 000 cards they would know they could get tho names end

      Chartist Conference. The Delegates (A Li...

      addresses of that number of men as f > e » ia jitfe members of the Charter Association , to sign njtctition which would not bo sneered at , as containing the names which police spies had placed upon their last one , ( Hear , hear . ) Jlr . O ' Connor said , that would be no criterion as to the prosperity of the Society , as lie himself , some six or seven years ago , bnu left 2 , 000 tickets jn Glasgow , 3 , 000 in Edinburgh , and so on in other places , and ho had never been paid for any of them . ( Hear , hear . ) Mr . Bnowx supported the clause as it stood . Mr . JltLXE thought it would he well if the one shilling was paid in advance . lie did not like the idea of giving any one the opportunity of speaking at their meetings on payment of a mere penny . His experience told him that there was justice in the observation , " That the poor man paid , whilst the richer looking one skulked by , " He would therefore move— " That the sum stated be one shilling annually . "

      Mr . Auifurr seconJpd the amendment . Jlr , Davis said , if they carried that amendment they would exclude eve ? y man from voting in the affairs of tho Association , who might be able to pay one penny , hut uot one shilling . "( Hear , hem : ) Jlr . Doyw . thought they could not mend the clause itself . It provided for everything , which even the poorest man might wish . It gave an opportunity of paying one sliiJling , sixpence , or one penny , as circumstances woald permit . ( Hear , hear . ) Mr . JI'Grath opposed the amendment . If they allowed a man to pay by instalments , and disfranchised him till he had paid iij > , it would prove an insurmountable barrier to the increase of the

      Association , ( Hear . ) Jlr . Hodden said ,, if they intended to agitate the agricultural districts , they must not expect the farmers' labourers to pay one shilling down at once . He supported the clause . r , Jlr . Harney moved—" That a card of membership be granted for one year , upon payment of one shilling . The contribution may be paid hy installments of not less than one penny weekly . _ The member not to receive his card , nor to be eligible to be » member of the Executive Committee until the contribution is paid in full . " He thought much harm bad been done by Chartist Lecturers , and others telling the people that they were too poor to contribute the necessary funds . ( Hear , hear . ) He did not wish cards to be merely sold , but members to he enrolled so hat thoy might be a veritable association . . He would move this resolution as an amendment to both the propositions before thO Conference .

      Jlr . Aiuioxr seconded the amendment of Mr . Harney . Mr . JIilne withdrew his amendment . The Chairman then put the question , when there were -. —For Mr . Harney ' s amendment , 14 ; for the clause , 12 ; majority 2 . » Jlr . Clark moved— " That any person paying the shilling by instalments , shall be eli g ible to vote in the affairs of the Association , during the time he may bo making such payments . " Mr . Davis seconded it . A long discussion took place between Messrs . JIilnks , Rogers , Utting , Ac , when it was unanimously resolved— " That the motion of Jlr . Clark should be incorporated in Jlr . Harney ' s amend ment . " Clause 15 was annulled by the last resolution of tho Conference .

      Clauses 10 , 17 , and 18 , were agreed to , without discussion . On clause 19 , Mr . Harney said , this clause seemed to he casting reflections upon the character of some lecturers who had formerly been engaged in the movement . Mr , M'Gkatu said , on the part of the Provisional Committee , that no sueh thought had entered the mind of any member of that body ; and no insinuation was meant in the clause against any lecture formerly engaged in the Chartist movement . It was then agreed that the matter he loft to the discretion of the Executive Committee . On clause 20 , Jlr , Harney proposed " that the word ' territorial ' be expunged , " which , being seconded by Sfr . Arnoit , was carried .

      Clause 20 , and last , was then agreed to . Jlr . Clark said , that , owing to the alterations which had been made in the " Constitution" submitted by tho Provisional Committee , it vr . -m necessary that some of their resolutions should be altered , and they would be submitted to them , with such alterations as the Committee might think fit to make ou the following night . 1 Tho Chairman then declared tho Conference adjourned . WEDNESDAY EVENING .

      The Conference held its third nights sitting iu the coffee-room of the Literary and Scientific Institution , John-Street , Fitzroy-squave , at eight o ' clock , the Lodge Room of the Wheat Sheaf being engaged . The Chairman having taken his seat , Jlr . Clark read the minutes of the previous meetings , which having been confirmed , he proceeded to place before them the resolutions in their altered state , as agreed to by tiie Provisional Committee . They had thought it necessary to make tho alterations on account of the decisions which the Conference had arrived at with reference to various parts of the " Constitution . " The first resolution read as follows : — " That a Provisional Committee be now appointed to take measures for the election of an Executive Committee , and that suuh election do take place within three months from tho present time , and that the Committee consist of nine persons .

      Jlr . Heynolus seconded the resolution , whicli was carried unanimously . Jfr . Clark then moved the second resolution , as follows : — ' That an address be issued by tiiis Conference to tho nation , promulgating the iwvr Constitution of the National Charter Association , and invoking the moral adhesion , as well as the pecuniary assistance , of those who are favourable to democratic progress . " Mr . Doylk seconded it , and on being put , it was carried unanimously : — " On thc . ; motion of jfr O'Connor , seconded by Jlr . John Arnott , Messrs .

      Keynolds , Clark , and Doyle , were appointed to pvepavft aw tviuvess to the people of Great Britain . " Jlr . Clark then moved the third resolution , as follows ;—" That the National Charter Association will aid and assist the endeavours of all societies whoso objects arc to obtain the reformation of all , or any abuses , in the institutions of tiie country . " He thought this would bind them not to prevent , by any influence they might possess , the endeavours oV any society which had for its object the enfrancliiscmcntofthe working classes . ( Hear , hear . ) Jlr , Bkntlky seconded the resolution .

      Mr . Utting would not like to see the Chartists obstructing the progress of any other Association , but he would like to see the following addition made to the resolution : — " That tho National Charter Association , in refraining from obstructing any Association having for their object any portion , of the principles of the People ' s Charier * do not act with them as a mere auxiliary . " Mr . O'Connor said , if he thought tho resolution submitted to them any such thing as Mr . Utting was anxious to guard the Association against , he should certainlv oppose it . ( Hear , hear . ) Suppose

      that they added : — " That , while the National Charter Association arc determined not to abandon any portion of the People ' s Charter , they are determined to assist any society having for its object any portion of the principles of the cause . " ( Hear , hoar . ) Mr . Doyle said , ho had express instructions upon that point from bis constituents at Manches « tor , expressing their desire to work with the Finan * ciiil and Parliamentary lleformers ; but they would not consent to a junction with any Association whicli did not embrace the whole ot * tly ; People ' s Charter . He dissented entirely from these in .

      Stmetions ; believing as he UM that by throwing any obstacle iu the way ot the Reform League they would but be obstructing the cause vrintb they had at heart . ( Hear . ) Thoagh he was a Chartist to tho back-bone , yet he thought it would be inconsistent in him to oppose any system which would give tho vote to between four and five millionb of those who were at pvescnt disenfranchised . ( Hear , hear , ) Mr . Clark then read tho resolution , as amended by Jlr , O'Connor .

      Jlr . Harney would not oppose , the resolution . Be was anxious that the Chartist body should not obstruct any meetings called foa- the purpose of promoting tile adoption of any pauS of the Charter ; 3 > ufc he would oppose tbe plan adapted by some of the leaders ot the Chartist inoves &« nt , namely—of going to the Parliamentary llcfojm meetings , and announcing themselves as 6 ' asrepresentatives . ofthe Chartist body , and proclabimg the junction of the latter body ' with the aiiddlo classes . (/ Hear . ) George Thompson had bimself spoken of the lack of principle in Cobden . He would vote for the resolution , but uot upon & lso grounds , as it was one tiling to refrain from obstructing a movement , and another to go to meetings , and proclaiia the marriage of Chartism with that movement . ( jllcar . ) ( Contimed to the Sthiwge . )

      Jin, Hudsox Ixn The York Ax& Berwick Rai...

      Jin , Hudsox ixn the York ax & Berwick Railway , —Jlr . Hudson paid to the above company £ 75 , 000 last week , in quittance- of all claims upon him , except a balance of interest of some £ 10 , 000 , which it is supposed the company will cither give up or divide between thejft ami Mr . Hudson , This includes his bill for fortv odd thousand pounds for the Sunderland Doeks .-cO / ermxirt ' a Raihvay Journal The Wires of the Electric Telegraph between Birmingham and , London were broken some few days since , Qwhig to tho contraction produced by tho frost . & similar accident occurred in Man * Chester .

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Dec. 15, 1849, page 5, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_15121849/page/5/