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    March 15, 1845. _^ THE NORTHERN STAR. __...

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    •'And I wffl war, at least in words, /An...

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    Consecration of Putrefaction. — The mode...

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    . FIELD-GARDEN OPERATIONS, For ihe Week ...

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    The Post-office Espio^aoe.—It is not the...

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    London Cobx ExcnA. \GB, :iMoxDAT, March ...

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  • Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.

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    March 15, 1845. _^ The Northern Star. __...

    March 15 , 1845 . _^ THE NORTHERN STAR . _____ 7 _ - —— __ —^— " ' ' " ~ "M ^ " ^— ¦——_¦ M ^ i—— III | . _ | I II * J— t >

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    •'And I Wffl War, At Least In Words, /An...

    • 'And I wffl war , at least in words , / And—should my chance so happen—deeds ) , With all who war with Thought •" « I think I hear a little bird , who sings The people hy and by will he the stronger . " —Btbon

    THE HOLT COAT AT TREYES .-THE NEW REFORMATION . We gave incur last an account of the shameless fraud dignified with the title of the " Holy Tunic , " now exhibiting at Treves . The Roman Catholic Bishop Abxoldi , determined , it appears , that no means should be left untried to induce the Germans to stultify themselves by paying for peeping at his " old do , " has had the shameless audacity to declare that , " Whoever isablc to walk , and does not go to worihip tie Holy Coat , cannot see God , and shall not inherit eternal life J" After this threat , so powerful over an ignorant and fanatical population , it is no wonder that tens qf thousands of peasants , and even fools of a higher class , should be found to do homage at the shrine of priestl y fraud and plunder . The consequence has been that thousands have reduced themselves to beggary and miserv to ensure a title to

    leaven hy adoration of the relic at Treves . It is stated that above a million of human beings have already been the victims of this infamous imposture . No admirers of priests , and hating the craft of the entire batch of " all denominations "—we nevertheless admit that there are many conscientious , vir tuous , and exemplary individuals to be found in all sects . One such it is our pleasing duty to introduce to our readers . This honest and brave man is Jons Rosge , priest at Laurahutte , in Silesia . Seeing through , and knowing , the fraud practiced by Bishop Arsoldi on his dupes , John Roxge addressed a letter io the Bishop denouncing the imposture , and calling on his chief to put an end to the scandal forthwith . . The following is a copy of the letter which has appeared in most of the German newspapers : —

    That which tmt for a time sounded to our ears like a mere fable , a mere tale—namely , that Bishop Arnold ! of Treves has exhibited a garment , called the coat of Christ , for -Feneration and religions spectacle—you , Christians of the nineteenth century , hare already heard of it ; you , gentlemen of Germany , know of it ; yon , teachers of the German nation and of religion , have now been informed , that this frenzy is not a fable or a tale , but a reality and truth . Five hundred thousand persons have already , according to the latest account , made their pilgrimage to this relic , and thousands more are daily flocking hither , especially once it became known that the above-mentioned garment has healed the sick , and worked miracles . ' The fame of tliis occurrence runneth through the length and breadth of all nations ; while priests , in France , have asserted , that they were in possession of the real coat of Christ , the one in Treves being false . Truly here may be

    applied the words— " He who does not lose bis reason at some moments has none to lose . " Fivehundred thousand persons , are hundred thousand Germans , have already hastened to Treves , for the sake of venerating and seeing a garment . The greatest part of this multitude of pilgrims are of the lowest orders ; and besides this , they arc exceedingly poor , oppressed , Ignorant , dull , superstitions , and degenerated ; they desist from cultivating their fields , withdraw themselves from their trades , from the care of their household , from the education of their children ; and all this they do for the purpose of journeying to Treves to partake of an idol ' s festival , to participate in an unworthy spectacle exhibited by the Soman hierarchy . Yes , it is an idol ' s festival ; for many thousands of the credulous multitude are thus misled , aud offer devotion and veneration , owed exclusively to God , to a garment , tbe work of man ' s hands !

    And what are the hurtful consequences of these pilgrimages ? Thousands of the pilgrims starve themselves to procure the money necessary for the journey , and to make an ottering for their spiritual enjoyment—a sight of the holy coat . By deprivation or beggary they obtain their money ; and , after their return , suffer hunger , want , fir become sick , from the exertions of their journey . These external injuries are great , exceeding great , but far greater are the moral injuries . WiU not many have recourse to unfair means , in order to extricate themselves from the difficulties they have fallen into through their expenses ? iMany matrons and maidens sacrifice the purity of their hearts , then : chastity and good name , destroy ing their peace , happiness , and the welfare of their

    fami-By this unchristian-like spectacle , a door is widely Opened for superstition , for merits by works , for fanaticism , and for -rices of all descriptions connected with it . This is the so-called blessing promoted by the exhibition Of the holy coat , notwithstanding the dispute of its reality or falsity . And he who exhibits tliis garment , the work of man ' s bands , for Teneration and public show , is" leading astray the religious affection of the credulous and ignorant , who are deficient in intellect ; he is promot ing superstition and viciousness , cunningly drawing their property from the poor starring people , and exposing the German nation to the mockery of other countries ; this man is drawing closer the thunder clouds , which hang already heavy and dark over our heads . The man I speak of is a bishop , a German bishop , Bishop Arnold * , of Treves .

    Bishop Arnolui , of Treves , whilst addressing your lord-Ship , I call upon you , by the authority of my" office and vocation as a priest—in the name of all Christendom , and as a German national teacher—in the name of the German nation , and in the name of all national instructors , to abolish the unchristian-like spectacle of the exhibition Of the holy coa ^ to conceal the garment from the public view , and to avoid making the offence greater than it already is 3 For do you not know—as a bishop you ought to knowit—that the author of the Christian religion has not left his coat , bnt Ms spirit , to his disciples and followers ! Christ ' s coat , my friend , Bishop Arnold * , of Treves , is the property of Ms executioners . J > o you not know 1 —as a bishop you ought to knowit—that Christ has taught , " God is a spirit , and they that worsMp him must

    worship him in spirit and in truth f * And God can be AOnOUred , net only in the temple at Jerusalem , on the mount Geririm , or Treves , near the holy coat , but everywhere ! Do yon not know—as a bishop you ought to knowit—that the Gospel expressly prohibits the veneration of every image and relie % Bo you not know that the Christians of the Apostolic age , and during the first three centuries , suffered neither an image ( though they might haveh & umaay ) nor a reAicintheir churches ! Bo you not know that the veneration of images and relics is heathenish , and on that account the heathen has been derided by the fathers of the first three centuries ? It is said , for example ( Div . Inst . II ., c . 2 ) , "The images ought

    the rather , if they had life , to venerate the men by whom they have been formed , and the practice of the contrary ought not to be allowed . ( Sec mtelligunt homines ineptisrimi , quod si seutire simulacra et mover ! possent , foratura hominem fuissent , a quo sunt expolita . ") Finally , do you not know—as a bishop you ought to know this as well—that the healthy and -vigorous mind of the German nation did not become so degraded as to worship relics unnT the crusades of the thirteenth and fourteenth century , and then only was its noble idea of the Divine Being , wMch had been impressed upon it by the Christian religion , darkened by all kinds of fables and tales brought from the 2 ast ?

    And now , my friend , Bishop Arnold ! , of Treves , you « re , I am persuaded , convinced of all this , and under stand it probably better than I am able to unfold to you You are well aware of the consequences which the idolatrous veneration of relics and other superstitions have brought upon Germany , - viz ., . its spiritual , as well as its outward or visible bondage : and yet you boldly exhibit your relic for public veneration . But if , perhaps , joe did not know all this , and your only object in the exhibition of this relic was the salvation of Christendom , you would still have laden a double guilt on your conscience , from which you cannot dear yourself . In the first place , it is unpardonable of you , that if the said garment reall y possesses a power of healing , you should have

    withholden it from suffering - mankind until the year ISO And in the next place , it is unpardonable to take oblations of money from the hundreds of thousands of pilgrims . In other words , is it not unpardonable of you , as abishop to take money from the starving poor of our people ? Have jonnothad occasion to observe only a few weeks * S ° , that hundreds have been driven by want to desperate revolts , and have become the victims of death ! Besides , ktmecantionyouiiotto he deceived by theflocking toge-& er of hundreds of thousands ; believe me , that whilst hundreds of thousands of Germans , full of ardour , are fastening to Treves , millions like myself are left behind , Sled with deep horror and bitter vexation at your un-W 0 ! % spectacle .

    _ This Initanon is existing now not only among the various racks of the community , but even the learned , yea , e » en the Soman Catholic priesthood , are disgusted with T * Be assured the judgment of God will certainly over-^ . tou sooner than you suspect . The Historian already " ¦ " ^ his pen , making known your name , Arnoldi , for wnti-mpt to the present age and to posterity by marking yon as the Tetzel of the nineteenth century 1 But t * y < m > _ , _ daar anfl wortny fenow-countrymen , *™« r far from or near to Treves , put forth all your powers , that no more disgrace may be put upon the nation of Germany . Ton have magistrates , cnurck-^ TOa * " * , sherifis , & c . WvHS let them he your corPf ^ u'rs . Let every one of yon strive energetically a » d MMrnnnedlv

    to stop and o overthrow the tyrannical P ° er « the Romanhierarchy . Modem indulgences , you the e ^ f *' Ganiea 0 D > no * only at Treves , but also in aQ ^^ TOst . Mthenorthandsouth ; the gathering of the ineT I ? saries ' h * 358 . remission , funerals , & c , and SBcuD ~ ?® n * ' darlm'ss of the night , consume the resell as ^ Bment of spirituality . Be ye all , Catholics as and to "o ^* ^ * ' resol « d to engage in this good work , Do noturovT * t ) rourl * onour , our liberty , our happ iness , iathers % * J , £ Cntrfiat you , the-manes of your for * - bushedtied V Op £ n the Capitol of Kome , and esta-« cch von . lmnion of truth in Germany . I again bc-Hut *« i , and 7 , S M - s , uT < a * the laurel-crowns of a Huss , tovonr aoochs * tol ) e dishonoured . Give utterance ? andmamfcst

    Fhaiw , £ - ** woru s , andmanifestyour approval . PinalW , aaarass- "" * your approve , anxious a ^ W ^ 5 Jon * > ' feHow colleagues , whose * oaom-, iae £ ^ e , f * tte of J 0 Hr congregation , the d » not keep _ kl ^ PPbiess of the German nation ; against C-rfst -gSLf * *?*» lest-you should sin agaiast yoarownnw ^^ uust your fet * " *' country , ^ rSSS ^ **** Incondusion , Irepeat , Kcrifice : ci Sem T *** " of Hta ^ ° beeaTDe * o reaeem the worw andSet forth truth , light ,

    •'And I Wffl War, At Least In Words, /An...

    and liberty ; prove yourselves as those who have inherited Christ ' s spirit instead of his outward garment . Johannes Ronge , Catholic Priest , laurahutte ( Silesia ) , Oct . 1 . Noonebut the most wretched fanatic , whatever be his creed or no creed , we will venture to assert , can read theabovegallantmanifestobutwillfeelthemosfc intense admiration of its author . The denunciations of this modern Luther pierce like two-edged swords ; and his appeals to the free mind of Germany , Catholic as well as Protestant , sound like the clang of a thousand

    trumpets bidding the nations rise against the " miser - able old chimera of a Pope" and his unredeemable tyranny . It will be seen that John Rosob intimates that the French priests say they have the true " old clo . " And we understand that there are not less than seventeen ( !) other coats , all said to be the seamless coat of Jesus Christ , kept at different places . One thing is certain , that the Russian Church puts In her claim to be the possessor of the only true and veritable " old clo , " as the following extract from a letter from Moscow will

    testify;—It is perhaps not known in Germany that , besides the holy tunic of Treves , we possess in our Cathedral of the Assumption a piece of the lord ' s tunic . Itis of linen cloth , of a yellow colour , and the fabric very coarse . After the conquest of Grusinie the Schah took away this fragment irom the church of 3 fchat , and eventually presented it as a cadeau to the Czar Michael Federowiteh A portion of it is still preserved in the Imperial Chapel of St . Petersburgh . At the baptism of every member of the Imperial family-a small ' fragment is placed in the cross winch is worn by all true believers on their naked bosoms from the hour of their , birth until their descent into the grave , as a sort of holy talisman I

    So we presume , Nick the younger , the wholesale murderer and woinan-flogger , Vicionu ' s pet and Sir R . Peel ' s " mighty sovereign , " had a bit of this "holy coat "—the Russian one , on his precious person , to protect him from tbe vengeance of Poland ' s sons , at the time of his visit to this country . What a pity but that the Post-office Fouche had been aware of this ! It might have saved him the trouble , and England the disgrace , of opening Captain SxoLZMxVsletters , seeing thatNicKmust , —thanks to the Russian priests , —be ball-proof . - Indeed he must be more fortunate than the lamed Achilles , such a talisman being no doubt quite as effective in protecting the heel as the head '

    Our readers will be curious to learn the result of the honest priest ' s letter . The immediate result was his own condemnation and excommunication by his superiors . But such men as John Ronge are made of stuff too stern to be awed by the thunders ofccclesiastical despotism ; accordingly he followed up his letter—which letter has been circulated to an enormous amount ^ by a pamphlet addressed to the lower orders of the Romish clergy , calling upon them to unite their exertions with him to reform the German Catholic Church , and render it independent of Roman domination . This has been followed up by a formal separation of himself and followers from the Romish Church , and the adoption of a " confession of faith " and declaration of principles , of which the following is a copy , taken from the Silesian Gazette , dated Breslau , Feb . 10 th : —

    DECLARATION , < tc . 1 . ~ We throw off the allegiance to the Bishop of Eome and his whole establishment . 2 . Wc maintain full liberty of conscience , and contemn every compulsion , falsehood , and hypocrisy . 3 . The basis and the contents of the Christian belief are the Bible . 4 . The free investigation and interpretation is not to be restrained by external authority , 5 . As the essential contents of our faith , we lay down the following symbols-: — "I believe in God the Father , who has created the world by his omnipotent word , and who governs it in wisdom , justice , and love . I believe in Jesus Christ our Saviour , who , by his doctrine , his life , and death , has saved us from bondage and sin . I believe in the working of the Holy Ghost on earth , a holy universal Christian Church , forgiveness of sin , and life everlasting . Amen . "

    6 . we recognise only two sacraments as instituted by Christ , Baptism and the Lord ' s Supper , 7 . We uphold infant baptism , and receive , by solemn act of confirmation , as self-acting members of the congregation , those persons who are sufficiently instructed in the doctrines of faith . 8 . The Lord ' s Supper wiU be distributed to the congregation , as instituted by Christ , in both forms . Auricular confession is rejected . 9 . We recognise marriage as an institution ordained by God , and therefore to be kept holy by man ; we maintain for it the sanction of the Church , and consider , with regard 1 o the conditions and restrictions applying to it , the laws of the State alone as binding ; 10 . We believe and confess that Christ is the only mediator between God and man ; we reject , therefore , the invocation of saints , the adoration of relics and images , the remission of sins by the priest , aud all pilgrimages .

    11 . We believe that the so-called good works have only value in so far as they are the emanation of Christian sentiments ; we reject , therefore , all commands of fasting . 12 . We believe and confess that it is the first duty of the Christian to manifest his faith by works of Christian love . On the tenets of the new sect we shall say nothing other than , that did they contain of good only the renunciation of _ that horrible engine of tyranny , auricular confession , the "New Reformation" would be worthy the good wishes of all lovers of truth and freedom . But it will be seen that the reforms of the new sect are not confined to this one point ; and the movement is undoubtedly one pregnant with

    important consequences for the human race—a " sign of the times , " proclaiming the advance of reason , and the ultimate downfall of superstition and priestcraft . Contemporaneously with this movement of Ronge and his followers , another priest , Czerski , who stands at the head of a German Catholic community in Schneidemuhl , in Prussia , has abandoned auricular confession , and carries out the principles contained in the above declaration . In Broinberg , it is stated , the excitement in favour of the new church is very great ; and from Konisberg an address has been sent to Czebski , signed by the most influential men in East and West Prussia , including several professera of the University , the chaplain of the garrison , teachers and directors of schools , and several members of the upper law courts .

    On the other hand , the champions ot the " old clo , " are not idle . The priests are thundering from the altars against the new heresy , and inducing their dupes to burn Rosge ' s manifesto—the usual priestly mode of answering opponents , except when they dared to burn their opponents themselves instead of their writings . Letters from Coblentz announce that Bishop Abxoldi , unabashed by the exposure of his impostures , has had the brazen assurance to issue an ordinance to his clergy , announcing that he has resolved to institute a special holiday in honour of the " holy garments , " and the other " ' valuable relics , " namely , the " naife " andthe " spear" (!); and that this fete shall be celebrated on the Wednesday following the third Sunday aftex Easter . "What a glorious carnival of fools that day will witness ! "Well , well ; no matter—so as they bring grist to the bishop ' s mill : —

    "If humbugM thus the rabble choose to be , Why let them , since it brings the chink to me ; There's none so blind as those who will not see !" Thus stand matters at present . Other subjects will claim our attention next week ; but we shall watch the new movement , and report progress on a future occasion .

    Consecration Of Putrefaction. — The Mode...

    Consecration of Putrefaction . — The modern Aceldama of Spafields—the field of corruption , not of blood—will be purified . The loathsome trade of the ghouls who claim a vested right in it will be interdicted , for it is only private property . There are other grave-yards in the metr opolis quite as noxious , but they are the property of the Church . The hcaped-up putrefaction of St . Bride ' s is consecrated ground , and that perennial fountain of typhus and typhoidsmust be leftunclcansed . ^ Sound Protestants are scandalised at the superstition which can consecrate dead men ' s bones ; yet sound Protestants can tolerate the consecration of rottenness . Now that the stench of Spafields has penetrated into the recesses of the Home-oflice , and forced the Home Secretary to act , it is to be hoped his interference will not be confined to one of the plague depots of the metropolis . The church which has cast bones out of its chancel ought not to be allowed to keep rotten flesh

    in its vaults . The religion which disclaims all sacrifice ought not to be made a pretext for perpetuating such horrid burnt-offerings as those of Clerkenwell . The first and greatest of the Patriarchs desired to bury his dead out of his sight : why should the men of this generation insist that the public at large should perpetually nose their deadin the lobby ? Common sense suggests that we should cease to bury among the crowded thoroughfares of men , and that we should also remove the decomposing frames that have already been deposited there . And here sentiment comesin aid of common sense . These relics of mortality , if removed to some distance from the metropolis " , will be allowed to rest : if left in their present depositories , they will , when sufficiently softened by decav , be dug np , pounded , and mixed like mortar , by tne rude shovels of the gravediggei-S i and sacrificed by incremation to the demon of " vested rights . 'Spectator .

    MtKACXES OF THE PKE 5 ENT DAT BT HOLLOWAT 8 Pills . —The wonderful powers possessed by these extraordinary Pills are such as to perform the most astonishing cures in almost every disease . They remove most complaints that the faculty pronounce to be incurable . All cases of debilitated constitutions awsby their use completely invigorated . Thenen'ous , the delicate , andweak , are made strong . The daughter centering Into womanhood , or the mother at the turn of life , is sure alike to derive unspeakable benefit , or even might be indebted for the preservation of life itself to the use of this mighty medicine . It also effectually cures all bilious , liver , and stomach complaints .

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    . Field-Garden Operations, For Ihe Week ...

    . FIELD-GARDEN OPERATIONS , For ihe Week ending Monday March 18 $ , 1844 . [ Extracted from a Diary , of Actual Operations on a number of small farms in Sussex and Yorkshire , published by Mr . John Nowell of Farnley Tyas , near Huddersfield , Yorkshire , as a guide to other possessors of field-garden farms to the labours which ought to be taken on their own lands . The farms selected as models , are—First . That of the Willingdon school , five acres in extent , conducted hyG . Cruttenden . Second . The Eastdean school , » k ° 7 ° acres , near Beachy Head , conducted bv John Harris .

    'lliird . That of Jesse Piper , consisting of four acres , at Cruttenden . Fourth . That of John Dumbrell , a farm of six acres , at Jevingtbn , near Beachy Head . Fifth . An industrial school farm at Slaithwaite , near Huddersfield . Sixth and Seventh . Two small model farms at the same place , occupied on the estate of the Earlof Dartmouth , by Charles Varley and JohnBamford . The consecutive operations in these reports will enable the curious reader to compare the climate and agricultural value of the south with the north of England . The Diary is aided by "Notesand Observations " from the pen of Mr . ' 'Nowell , calculated for the time aud season , which we subjoin .

    « ote . —The school farms are cidtivated by boys , ivho in return for three hours' teaching in the morning , give three hours of their labour in the afternoon for the masters' benefit , which renders the schools selfsupporting . We believe that at Farnley Tyas six sevenths of the produce of the school farm is to be the boys , one-seventfi the master ' s , who will receive the usual school fees , help the boys to cultivate their land , and teachthem , in addition tor ' eading , writing dec ., to convert Hieir produce into bacon , by attending to pig-keeping , which at Christmas may be divided , after paying rent and levy , amongst them , in proportion to their services , and reach their parents in a way the most grateful to their feelings . Remember , if we would improve society , we must begin with the unsophisticated young ones . i

    SUSSEX . Monday— Willingdon School . Boys digging the third time for white carrots . Eastdean School . Boys rolling and treading the wheat , and gathering stones . Piper . Sowing oats , —always select ; a fine time for doing it if " you can . DumbreU . Drilling oats , sowing cabbage seed , digging . Tuesday— Willingdon School . Boys digging as before . Eastdtan ScJwol . Boys digging for oats , planting potatoes with manure gathering roots and stones . Piper . Sowing oats , —the white oat answers best for me . Dumbrell . Drilling oats , sowing carrots and parsnips in the garden , rolling wheat , and digging . Wednesday—Willingdon School . Boys digging as before . Eastdean School . Boys carrying out the pigstye tank liquid to the mangel wurzel ground , weeding clover . Piper . Hoeing onions . Dumbrell .

    Digging , harrowing oats . Thursday—Willingdon School . Boys harrowing , and rolling ground for carrots . Eastdean School . Boys digging , planting potatoes with manure , placing beans , and hoeing the cabbages . Piper . Preparing ground for carrots . Dumbrell . Digging , drilling oats . Friday—Willingdon School . Boys harrowing , and rolling carrot ground . Eastdean School . Boys taking in the last oat rick ,-clearing up , and planting potatoes with manure . Piper . Preparing ground for carrots . Dumbrell . Digging , and drilling oats . Saturday— Willingdon School . Boys sowing spring tares , harrowing and dressing after it . Eastdean School . Boys thrashing oats , clearing np rick , cleaning out pails and school , and clearing oats . Piper , Sowing carrots , —a very proper time . Dumbrell , Digging , and drilling oats .

    YORKSHIRE . Slaithwaite Tenants . —C . Varley says , " We have had stormy weather since January , ~ no work could be done on the land . " Digging for oats this week , wheat stubble for turnips , gathering stones . John Bamford , sowed tares . He says , " This week the weather has improved considerably ; the snow has partially left our fields , and in some situations , and in certain conditions of the ground , fann labour has been performed ; for instance , old lea has been turned up for oats , but such as was dug in autumn , has , up to Friday , been in far too wet a state to work . James Bamford , digging for tares , removing clay .

    NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS . Barley . —[ Seed sown , broadcast , three and a . half bushels ; in drills , two and a half bushels : for soiling six bushels per acre . ]—Barley comes best after turnips or other green crops . It is better suited to follow such crops than either wheat or oatsi At Eastbourne itis sown in drills ; but generally broadcast , in the north of England . Roll the sward well after the plants are above ground . Use the steep recommended For oats , with the addition of a few pounds of nitrate of soda , or cubic petre . Let the seed be parted with gypsum , and sown immediately . Italian Rte Grass . — [ Seed sown , three © r four bushels per acre . ]—Sow Italian rye grass seed any time from the first to the end of March , after winter or spring wheat , barley and oats . Let the plant grow alone . It is a glutton . It must be harrowed with the bush , or rolled in . No manure is applied until cut the first time , when tank liquid is used , after the rate of 25 gallons to the rod .

    Red Clover . —[ Seed sown , lSlbs . of red clover , and one peck of common rye-grass , per acrei]—After your spring wheat , oats , or barley , has been sown , harrow twice , and work the soil as fine as possible ; this process being favourable to the growth of small seeds . Divide your clover seed into two portions , sow one half lengthways , the other half across , then give a light harrowing , and roll the land well . Clover sowing on winter wheat may be done earlier , should the weather prove favourable ; a bush , or common light harrow , may then pass over , to cover the seeds , after which the land must be well rolled .

    [ Through our good and valued friend , Mr . Joseph Thornton , of Paddock , near Huddersfield , we have received a note from Mr . Nowell , the compiler of the Jouksio . ob Omtmc-NS from which we make weekly extracts , which with more than ordinary pleasure we communicate to the public . It proves the writer to be that which we estimated hun—a sincere and disinterested friend to the labourer . With his WMggery as defined in this note we perfectly agree , and would hail the day that saw all the Whigs avow the same principles and take a similar mode of reducing them to practice " as Mr . Nowell . Then , indeed , we opine " party bickering" would cease , and " party spirit " be unknown . Here is Mr . Nowell ' s note ; . the suggestion contained in it shall be adopted , and carried out next week : — Farnley TVoo'l , near Huddersfield , March 1 th , 1845 .

    Dear Sir , —Thank you for the Northern Star . The Editor says that I shall appreciate his intention in maldng extracts from my little Manual ; or rather in reprinting the whole of it in the Star . I do so ; and think that it may prove beneficial to his readers , and be a means of furthering a cause dear to my heart . He says I am a Whig . I hope his own , like my Wbiggery , is this : —to give ever } ' man , that con and will labour , a " stake in the hedge "—an interest in the land ; and to place those that neither can nor will under charge of others upon the sod to labour for their bread , and not to receive it as alms . Alms ought to he kept for , and will always be required by , the old and infirm , lor whom it is our duty to provide . Let him attend and biterest his miHio > is of useful workers ; while I will try , as far as in me lies , to interest part of them in this momentous subject , and the class who have heart and power to effect the great change we so heartily desire . In a cause so grand let us eschew political bickerings , aud hold party spirit as infinitely below our notice .

    I think , in transferring the " Diary" and annotations to the columns of the newspaper , there ought to be a regular settled arrangement , something like what I sketch below . My mottoes are intended to have a special effect , and if possible ought to be printed in a smaller type , exactly as in the " Manual , " and the commencement or title of the paragraph in italics . I wish also , that an occasional reader may know what the Eastdean school , farm , & c , are , and how worked ; for the mode of education indicated in the commencement of the book , is what I would have kept constantly in view . The note at p . 8 is . the very key , along with the chemicaliring processes at pp . 53 , 55 , 57 , 75 , and 77 , to the system of farming I advocate ; therefore , if the Editor could vary the arrangement so as to bring these points immediately forward , it would be well . The portaWe pails are what I am anxious to see introduced ; for then we might hope to see the world soon well cleaned up , and kept so .

    You may , if you like , communicate this by letter to the Editor , or show him this hastily written note ; and do send him one of the " Industrial Farm and School Tracts , ' the three in one , as well as the pamphlet I presented you with , and order the paper for me . Believe me always , while your heart continues expansive , Yours , most faithfully . To Mr . Thornton , . Jons Nowell . Mr . Thornton , in'transmitting the foregoing , takes occasion to say—The " Land Question" is" going a-hcad " on Lord Dartmouth ' s estate . At Farnlej , m the National School , is now taught practical agricul ture , and in Burton a number " of individuals are located on a farm under the directions of Mr . Nowell Ahnondbuiy National School will be placed on the same plan as at Farnley ; and Mi ' . N . informs me that at Leeds £ 800 has been subscribed , and invested in land for allotments . ]

    ' Spade Husbandry . —Much , however , has been said with respect to the expenses . It is , therefore , necessary to enter more minutely into this part , of the subject , and to point out why , in some instances , it has disappointed those who have introduced it . It the first place , probably , the work has not been well executed , nor the land left rough during the winter , nor dug the full depth of the spade . On strong clay soils this is especially necessary , as the rains will pass more freely through it in this state , and , consequently , can be more easily worked the following spring ;

    . Field-Garden Operations, For Ihe Week ...

    whereas , were such heavy tenacious soil to be ploughed , it would lie so close during the winter , and become so consolidated before spring , that it would be ultimately more expensive to work it effectually with the plough , * and this operation is often obliged to be postponed late in the spring after an excessive bad e * - , By digging deep , also , a fresh soil is brought up , winch , although it may not be as fertile as the surface sod , yet b y being blended -with it , may much invigorate its properties . This , however , requires judgment , when thesoilis broughtintoactive operation so as to act as an alterative . It is better impossible that a green crop should follow the spade culture , as by the subsequent minute cultivation of the land , either under turnips , potatoes , ormanirel wurzel . the

    two soils will be more effectually blended or mixed together ; and , even should the soil brought newly into action be unfertile , the manure necessary to be applied for those crops will soon bring it into profit . By digging shallow land a depth of soil is obtained which will ensure better and more certain crops , for water will pass more freely through tenacious land if worked deep , and will be advantageously retained . in and and calcareous soils if the subsoil be loosed so as to absorb sufficient moisture . It is well known to men of" experience that crops in the former soils are often lost from retaining too much moisture , and in the latter from too great an evaporation of this very essential principle of vegetation . To counteract these extremes , therefore , is the creat art of brineine- land

    into a profitable state . Those who have old lea for potatoes , or some other such" like crop , next spring , had better forthwith set to and prepare it for their reception ; it will be much more economical to dig than to plough / it for this purpose , all matters taken into consideration . It will , per aero , for digging , cost about three times as much as it would cost for ploughing ; but the land by the former mode will produce at least one-fourth more than if only once ploughed , whieh may . make a considerable difference in the profit returned . By digging , also , the sod being welTturned down , will be sure to rot in time for the benefit of the growing crop , and there is no risk of failure should a dry season follow , as the fibres of the roots will be nourished by the pulverised soil

    brought up by digging , and not come immediately in contact with the hardsod , which would be the case if ploughed . When the land is dry the seed should be put in by opening drills with the hoa or spade , which would not be more expensive than sticking them in with the spade in ploughed lea , and less seed is also necessary by the former method . Were the Irish landlords to take a humane view of the state of the cottages of the generality of the Irish peasantry , a revolution for the better in their agricultural , moral , and social state , could not but soon mark the consequence . Most cottages are built on the road side without even a perch of land to the rere for the purpose of accumulating manure or raising the necessary culinary vegetables , * and this situation often

    obliges the-tenant to make his dunghill in front of his habitation . The tenant is not therefore altogether culpable for contracting indolent and dirty habits . Many of those wretched habitations have not even a pig-stye attached to them , and-iience the indignity of herding with the brute creation ^ which the cottager and his family are often obliged to submit to . Such matters as those do not require the talent and exertions of any body of men to point out , for they are too evidently to be seen , and too fatal has been their consequences . It is this that has debased our peasantry below that condition in the community to which they are entitled as industrious subjects , and checked thatspirit of industry and oi / ilisation which is to be seen among the same classes in the sister

    country . In that part of the British empire a cottage does . not exist without a suitable garden , convenient offices , on a snialf scale , « fcc ., for its accommodation , and which enable the cottager to carry on his domestic occupations with economy and cleanliness . I will admit that allotting portions of land to this class in Ireland will be a great means of encouraging industry and removing discontent ; but incases where such advantages cannot be conveniently given , let the tenant at least be housed in comfort and decency . Agricultural Chemistry . —So little is still understood by practical men of the analytical—the highest branch of the chemical art : —that the rigorous analysis of a soil is looked upon as ihe work of a few hours , or , at the utmost , of two or three days ouiv ; and the

    money or other value attached to the discovery of this or that ingredient , is judged of accordingly . In tin ' s line , the largest amount of work hitherto done has been performed by ; the German agricultural chemist , Sprengel , and is recorded in his work upon soils . Through the labours of Sprengel chiefly , it has been established regarding ^ soik—1 . That they all contain a certain proportion of organic , chiefly vegetable matter , which readily burns away when they are heated to redness in the air . This combustible matter , in peaty soils sometimes amounts to 50 or 60 per cent , of the whole weight ; while in clay soils , such as the wild undrained : clays of Lanarkshire , less than one per cent , is present . —2 . That in all naturally fertile soils ; the incombustible part contains a notable

    quantity of each often or eleven different mineral sub . stances . —3 , That . BOils in which one or more of these substances is either wholly wanting , or is not present in sufficient quantity , will not produce good crops . — 4 . Thatl to these latter soils what is wanting may be artificially added , and that thus their fertility may be increased , restored , or maintained . —5 . That some of these substances , when present in excess in tho soil , become noxious to the plant ; and that to render , such a soil productive , this excess must be in some way or other removed . —With the aid of these propositions , the general doctrine of soils , and the action of saline or mineral manures , becomes so far clear and simple . A soil to bo fertile must contain ten or eleven known substances . If any of these be

    altogether absent , you will improve yourjsoil by adding them to it ; if they are present , the addition of them will . do . no . good . If salt or gypsum , for example , or the ingredients of wood ashes , be wholly absent , you will obtain large crops by adding these substances largely to ithe soil ; if they are . merel y deficient , a smaller application will be of service ; if they arc already present in sufficient quantity , any application of them to the soil will be so much money thrown away . The substances hitherto called stimulants , now appear to be only necessary ingredients of a fertile soil . But the chemical examination of soils led the inquiring agriculturist to more advanced conclusions . It was , seen that , on the same soil , the application , of the same substance—ifor the sake of

    simplicity , suppose . it a salhiesubstance—promoted the growth of one crop and . not of another . If clover and wheat , for example , grew on different parts of the , same field , it was seen that gypsum or common salt would greatly increase the luxuriance of the one , while it , causedlittle or no change in the appearance or produce of the other . . Something therefore must depend upon the kind of plant " which is grown upon it , as well as upon the chemical constitution of the soil itself . There must be some as yet' unknown chemical relation between the crop to be grown , and the manure which could be beneficially applied to it . What was the nature of this relation ? Thus , it no longer appeal's singular that all fertile soils should contain ten or eleven incombustible substances . These

    substances are constituent parts of all plants , without which they cannot exist or grow in a healthy manner : and the soils arc fertile only because they are in a condition to give to ' . the growing plant everything it requires for the building up of its several parts . Again , a soil in which some of these materials are wanting or defective is barren or poorly productive , because it cannot supply all the wants of the plant , or cannot do _ so with sufficient rapidity . This ex plains why , in practical husbandry , a ' rotation of crops is most conducive both to the profit of the farmer and to the perniament fertility of the land . Of those things of which one crop contains and requires much , another crop contains , and therefore requires less . Thus , if we alternate the kind of plants

    we raise , we shall exhaust the soil equally ; but continue one . kind of crop too long , and the land becomes sick of it—that is , it cannot supply with sufficient rapidity or abundance those substances which this crop especially requires . And now the true action of those saline substances , hitherto called stimulants , became more clearly manifest . They no longer appeared to act like wine upon the human body , exciting it to an abnormal or unnatural effort , which was afterwards necessarily succeeded by languor , feebleness , and depression . They were acknowledged really to feed the plant ; since thev supplied those

    things out of which its several parts were built up , and without which they could not be satisfactoril y completed . And if the soil was less productive in after years , in consequence of the application of these substances , it was because the crop had extracted from the soil more than the manure had given to it . The so-called stimulant supplied potash , orsoda , or lime only to the soil , and getting these readily the plant grew rapidly ; but it gathered out of the soil , at the same time , magnesia , and sulphur , and phosphorus , without whieh it could not grow . The large crops which were earned off exhausted thesoil , therefore , of these latter substances ; and unless these

    were added again in some form or other , thesoil must remain impoverished , and more or less unproductive . —Edinburgh Review .

    The Post-Office Espio^Aoe.—It Is Not The...

    The Post-office Espio ^ aoe . —It is not the least extraordinary fact connected with the late strong and personal discussions in the House of Commons , on the prying and spying conduct of the Home Secretary , in breaking the inviolable seals of private correspondence , tUat the letter about which the greatest stir was made , and the largest amount of interest excited , was one , which was sent from Nottingham ; to Mr . Duncombe , during the election in which -Mr . Sturge wasa candid ate against Mr . Walter . It was written

    by Feargus O'Connor , and , as Mr . Duncombe said , had every , appearance of having been " . operated on . " Ihe letter fortunately contained nothing of so private a nature as to prejudice Mr . Sturge ' s election , but it might have had in . its lines matters of the deepest importance to the success of that gentleman , or the deleat of his , opponent . The election throughout was conducted en principles too fair and honest for the most searching vigilance to detect a flaw ; but we ask , can anything be more unfair , dishonest , or base , than to take ad vantage of such means for any purpose ? Supposing for the sake of argument that any subject of vital import to the election had been contained in

    The Post-Office Espio^Aoe.—It Is Not The...

    that letter— -that it had included any matter which could hereafter be used against a successful Liberal in case he had been returned—would it not have been most dangerous and insidious to the freedom ol election and tho rights of the British subject to have had it hereafter made use of before any tribunal which might have been appointed to sit in judgment ? Sir James has refused the explanation every honest man is bound to give to the inquiries of his abused fellow man—but twenty milhons of people will remember the slight , to his no small future disgrace and discomfiture . —Nottingham Review .

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    PERFECT FREEDOM FROM COUGHS- in Ten Mi r nutes after Use , is insured by DR . LOCOCK'S PULMONIC WAFERS . Read the following from Mr . J . C . Reindhardt , No . 22 , Market-place , Hull : — Dated January 0 th , 1 S 45 . Gentlemen , —Many and surprising arc the testimonials of relief afforded to confined cases of Asthma and Consumption , and long-standing Coughs , and it will gratify me to refer to many respectable parties who are really anxious to make known privately the great benefit they have derived from the truly seasonable remedy . I enclose a testimonial of no ordinary value , as itis the genuine expression of a grateful man ' s feelings .

    $Larftet M^M*

    $ larftet M ^ m *

    London Cobx Excna. \Gb, :Imoxdat, March ...

    London Cobx ExcnA . \ GB , : iMoxDAT , March 10—The arrivals of English wheat Were rather large durin * the past week , but of barley and oatsthesupplies coastwise were only moderate , nor were'the receipts of beans or peas from our ' Own coast large : ' -irom Scotland nearly 9000 qra . of oats were reported up to Saturday evening , and several parcels Imyo ^ inoo come to hand from-thence , but the prevalence of easterly wind , haa . preventedi arrivals trom ^ ITeland . At this mornings . market there-waa a moflerateshovr of wheat by land-carriage samples frotoa & ekj'Kent * , and Suffolk , less barley thandast-Monday ^ nMcarce ly any oats , exeeptthoso from : Scotland , ' fresh-up . Ut beans and peas . there was afatPSprinkle'o Psamples on the Esse * ami , Kent stands ^ , -Th . e * weather hhs at length undei ' gone : achange , butthough therfeftasno frost last night . thewindrcraaitis north-east . '' Tha condition of the ; wheat offering fnom'the hbme ' countics was tolerably : good , and though' the demarid was

    by no means active , the currency of this day se'rihight was fully supported , foreign free wheat met verylittle attention , . still the article can scarcely be ' quoted lower than before . ; : Flour hung heavily oil hand , and sales were with j difficulty effected at previous prices . The inquiry for barley was excessively slow , but the falling off in the > supplies gave some degree of confidence to factors , and good qualities were certainly not cheaper than : , on ^ Monday last ; i Choice samples of malt were also quite as dear ; secondary sorts were neglected . English-. and Irish oats were taken hi retail at about former terms , but Scotch were very unsaleable , and the interioi * ' ¦ leseriptions rather easier to buy . Beans and peas were in moderate request , and the finer kinds commanded ! fully the rates of last Monday . In bonded articles nothing of interest transpired . There was rather more' doing in clover-seed than of late . Canaiy-secd was in larger supply and again rather cheaper . Prices of otn . 8 articles remained much as before .

    CURRENT PRICES OF GRAIN , PER IMPERIAL QUARTER . —British . , s S ' s 9 Wheat , Essex , & Kent , new < fc old red 42 48 White 50 54 Norfolk and Lincoln . ... do 43 4 ( 5 Ditto 48 60 Northum . and Scotch white 42 4 G Fine 48 52 Irish red old 0 0 Red 42 44 White 45 48 Rye Old 31 32 Ifew 30 32 Crank 35 38 Barley Grinding .. 26 2 S Distil . 29 31 Mult . 32 3 S Malt Brown .... 54 5 G Pale 57 61 "Ware 62 64 Beans Ticks old & new 30 33 Harrow 32 37 Pigeon 38 40 Peas Grey 32 33 Maplo 33 34 White 36 38 Oats Lineolns Ji Yorkshire Feed 21 23 Poland 23 25 Scotch Angus 22 24 Potato 24 28 Irish White 20 22 Black 20 21 Por 2801 b . nct . s s Per 2801 b . net . s s Town-made Flour ... 42 44 Norfolk i Stockton 32 33

    Essex and Kent .... 33 35 Irish - i St 35 Free . Bond Foreign , SB 5 Wheat , Dautsic , Kouigsbuvg , tc 52 5 sJ 30 88 Marks , Mecklenburg 48 52 32 3 i Danish , Holstein , and Friesland red 44 4 fi 26 23 Russian , Hard 44 46 Soft ... 44 47 26 28 Italian , Red . . 46 48 White ... 59 52 28 32 Spanish , Hard . 46 48 Soft .... 48 50 28 32 Rye , Baltic , Dried , ... 30 31 Undried . . 30 32 21 22 Barley , Grinding . 25 27 Malting . . 30 33 20 28 Beans , Ticks . . 30 33 Egyptian . 31 32 24 28 Peas , White . . 36 38 Maple . . 32 34 28 30 Oats , Dutch , Brew aud Thick 24 25 Is 31 Russian feed , 21 22 15 16 Danish , Friesland feed 21 23 15 17 Flour , i > er barrel 24 26 19 30

    Losdos Smiihfielb Cattle Market , Mondat , March 10 . —Since Monday last the imports of foreign stock into London have amounted to 40 oxen , 20 cows , and 35 sheep , all from Holland , The whole of these importations were brought forward to-day , in , for the most part ( though there were some useful animals amongst them ) middling condition . From the fact that most of the beasts varied in age from five to six years , the demand for them was steady , at fair prices ; but the sheep commanded very little attention . The supply of home-fed beasts was sufficiently-numerous , but , compared with those exhibited on this day se ' nnight , very deficient in quality ; indeed , we scarcely ever recollect to have observed so rapid a falling off in that particular as this morning . . Inconsequence , therefore , of the scarcity of prime beasts , the demand for them was steady , at an advance on last week ' s quotations of 2 d . per 81 b ;—

    the highest figure being 4 s . per 81 b . ; but the middling and inferior breeds were a slow inquiry , at about previous figures . From Norfolk , Suffolk , Essex and Cambridge , we received 1800 Scots and homebreds ; from the northern grazing districts , 300 short-horns , & c . ; from the western and midland counties , 400 Herefords , Runts , Devons , & c . ; from other parts of England , 400 of various breeds ; and from Scotland 150 horned and polled Scots ; the remainder of the bullock supply being derived from the neighbourhood of the metropolis . The numbers of sheep exhibited a falling off , indeed they were somewhat limited for the time of year . Prime old Downs were in steady request , and the turn dearer . All other breeds were heavy , at previous figur . es . Calves were in limited supply , . and steady request , at full prices . In pigs , a fair average amount of business was doing , but at no more money .

    By the quantities of 81 b ., sinking the oftal . s . d . s . d . Inferior coarse beasts ... 2 6 2 8 Second quality . . . , 2 10 3 4 Prime large oxen . , . 3 6 .. 3 8 Prime Scots , Ac 3 U 4 0 Coarse inferior sheep ,,, 2830 Second quality . , , . ' 32 36 Prime coarse woolled . . . 3 8 4 8 Prime Southdown .... 4 2 4 4 Large coarse calves . . , . 3 10 4 8 Prime small . . , ' . . 4 10 5 9 Suckling calves , each . . . - 18 0 39 0 Large hogs . ... . . 3 6 3 10 Neat small porkers ... 4 0 4 4 Quarter-old store pigs , each . . 16 0 20 0

    HEAD OF OA 1 TLK OS SATE . ( From the Books of the Clerk of the Market . ) Beasts , 2 , 945-Sheep , 22 , 450-Calves , 63—Pigs , 330 . Maschester Corn Marker Saxordat , Mabch 8 —Rather a firmer feeling has been apparent this week in the flour trade , and , with a fair consumptive demand for that article , the former currency was fully supported for prime superfine qualities , whilst the extreme low rates at which middling and inferior sorts were previously purchaseable were somewhafc exceeded . There was a moderate extent of business passing in oatmeal , without change in value ; but oats

    were only in limited request , at about late prices . At our market this morning holders of wheat mostly required rather higher rates but any advance was with . . difficulty obtained in the transactions that occurred . A steady sale was experienced for extra superfine aud well-known marks ot llour , at full rates ; and generally an improvement , both in demand and price , may be noted , though not sufficiently so as to enable us to raise our quotations . Oata were rather more inquired for , and the previous currency was maintained . A fair consumptive demand existed for oatmeal , but no alteration in value can be reported . Beans were in moderate request , at late rates .

    Liverpool Corn- Market , Monday , March 10 . — The week ' s imports of wheat , oats , flour , and oatmeal from Ireland are , in the aggregate , of fair amount . Tho receipts otherwise are li ght . The wheat trade has continued to exhibit a somewhat firmer feeling , but any advance of price has been confined to the secondary descriptions of Irish new , which have brought fully Id . per bushel over the rates quoted on this day se ' nnight . Flour also has been held rather more firmly . Several parcels of oats have been taken

    for the country : —Irish mealing at 2 s . lOd . to 2 s . lid . per 451 bs ; fine Scotch , for seed , at 3 s , 3 d , t O 3 s , 4 d « per 45 lbs . Oatmeal lias still met a limited sale , at 24 s . to 24 s . 3 d . per 240 lbs . A few lots of Egyptian beans have been disposed of at 31 s . to 31 s .- 6 d . per 4801 bs . A cargo or two of fine roundland malting barley have found buyers at 36 s . per imperial quarter : grinding qualities of this grain , and peas , " have moved slowly , without change as to value . 1000 barrels of United States sweet flour have changed hands in bond , at lfa per barrel .

    Liverpool Cattle Market , Monday , March 10 . —We have had a larger supply of stock at market to-day than for sonic weeks past ; but owing ' to the numerous attendance of buyers from Birnuhgham , & c the whole met with dull sale , at id ; per lb . higher than last week's prices . Beef 5 $ d . to ' 6 | d . ; mutton Old . to * 7 id . per lb . Cattle imported into Liverpool , from the 3 rd to the 10 th March : —1164 cows , 5 calves , 2941 sheep , 58 lambs , 8510 pigs , 40 horses . Richmond Corn * Market , Satohdat , March 8 . — We had a fair supply of all kinds of graiiiin our market to-day . —Wheat sold from 5 s . tofis . 6 d . ; oats 2 s . 3 d . to 3 s . 6 d . ; barley 3 s . 9 d . to 4 s . ; beans 3 s . 6 d . to 4 s . 9 d . per bushel . York Corn Market , March 8 . — We note the market firmer for all descriptions of grain , and a ^ a indisposition , on the part of farmers , to sell , except at a trifling advance , which , as regards wheat and the finest malting barley , is complied with , but . not on oats and beans ;

    Malton Corn-, Market , March 8 . —We hadta moderate supply of all grain at this day ' s market ; wheat in good demand , and rather dearer ; barley and oats same as last week .. Wheat , red , new , 41 s . to 47 s . ; white ditto , 48 s . to 50 s . ; red do :,-. old 48 s ; . ito 50 s . ; white do ., 50 s . to 54 s . per qr ., of 4 . 0 , stones . Barley , 26 s . to 30 s . per qr . of , 3 $ »* . ( ... On . te ,-8 } d .,. to 101 d . per . stone . .... -. fi-. ;• :::- >; : Leeds Cloth Market . —We have * this : week'to report a decided improvement in , thei aspect of trade , both in the warehouses and atihe-Gloth HaUs ; ' .. The demand is principally for thehome trade , ibut several of the shippinghouses are also busy , and many manufacturers are working to order . ¦ , . - -. r :. 'i ;"

    Leeds Cons Markht , Tdesdayj MARCH ll . ^ Our samples of all grain are very much smaller this week than last , and of really good wheat , there is but'an indifferent show to-day . ' - Millers having boughtfijeely last-week ; arc less eager to-day , and the demand ^ in consequence , is of a more restricted character ; former prices . are , however , pretty well maintained . The barley trade remains dull , and icnl y good qualities attract attention . Oatsy beans , - and other articles steady both in value and demand ; ¦ Selby Cork Market , March 10 . —Wheat 17 s . to 18 s . 6 d . ; muslin , 14 s . to 15 s . ; beans , 14 s . to 14 s . 6 d . per load ; oats , 18 s . to 20 s . ; barley , 35 s . per qr . — We had a good show of cattle and pigs , bnt a dull market ; pigs fetched higher prices .

• Citation
  • Northern Star (1837-1852), March 15, 1845, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_15031845/page/7/