Current:

Northern Star (1837-1852), 15th March 1845, Edition 2 of 3, Page 4, RESULT OF "SHORT HOURS" OF LABOUR IN PRA...

Page 4
Page 4
4 of 8

On this page

  • Departments (4)
    • - police Mefltgfltce
    • THE NORTHERN STAR SATURDAY , MABCH 15, 1845.
    • Co $UaiM3 & Coritspottiimte
    • gmomts, wences, & Inqutfte
  • Text (11)
  • Transcript

    • Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.

      Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.

      Of Bthomas Hood Readers Of The Tar Will ...

      4 THE NORTHERN STAR Mabch 15 , 1 S 45

      - Police Mefltgfltce

      - police Mefltgfltce

      Xassiox House. Mokdat. —" Webby Dbdnk."—...

      XASSIOX HOUSE . Mokdat . — " Webby Dbdnk . "—A man named Richard Simmons , who has been long known as ax incorrigible trawler and drunkard , was charged by a policeman with having distinguished himself in his favourite way _ on the preceding night When the prisoner was disappointed in numerous attempts to kick and strike the policeman , who merely endeavoured to prevail upon him to go away , he began to tear off his own clothes , and to rub the parts of his person which he thus made bare with mud , so that he presented a most deplorable figure . —The Lord Mayor : What have you to say to this?—The Prisoner : Oh , why I was werry drunk , and I ' m blessed if I know what I did . Iwastoodrunfetodomuch . Precious drunk I-was , to be sure , your lordship . —How did you procure thedrmk !—That * I don ' t know . Somebody gave it me , depend upon it It was rum I took , ^ was drunk , and no mistake but I hope you'll look over it , my lord . —The LordMayor I fine yon 10 s . —The Prisoner : I ain ' t got no 10 s and I ' m West if my toggery win fetch that money ( looking at the stock of rags which hung auouthhn ) . —The Lordifayor - Then you must go to the House of Correction for a month ! —Committed .

      LAMBETH , Mokday . —Tbe Iatb Mtstebious Case of Poisonjkg at CAMBEKWEii . _ 6 eorge May , shopman to the late . Mr . Montague , who , it wiU be recollected , had , with Mrs . . Montague , been poisoned at CamberweB on the Uth of last month , -was placed in the felons' dock before Mr . Uenry , on the following charge , as entered in the poliee-8 t , e ? t ~ - For feloniously appropriating to his own use various sums of money received bv him for and on account of his late master ; also with forging the name of the deceased to various receipts in the parish of St Giles , Camberwell . " Mr . Dodd briefly alluded to the melanchol y circumstances which led to the apprehension of the prisoner , and said that since the mysterious death of Mr . and Mrs . Montague , their books and accounts had been examined , audit was found that the . prisoner , who had been their shopman and confidential servant , had received

      7 ' ™ ns sums of money on account of Iris master , of which lie had made no entry in the books kept for that purpose ; and coupling this fact wifii the information which had been obtained from the customers themselves , the nephew Of Mr . Montague , who is nest of kia , deemed it advisable to give nun into custody on the charge of embezzlement and forgery . Evidence was then adduced as to certain declarations of the prisoner to police-inspector Campbell , with respect to the accounts , and of the receipt of monies , of which no entry had been made . Mr . Humphries observed that on the inquest holden after the melancholy affair , on the bodies of Mr . and Mrs . Montague , the prisoner had been examined for hour . -, and though not upon oath Jus deposition had been taken down touching these rery accounts , with the greatest minuteness . Ho complained that it was an indirect attempt to couuect the prisoner with a charge of-murder . Mr . Henry said he had nothing to do with such irregularities , and that he should

      countenance no more inferential imputations . He was of opinion , however , that there were grounds for remand , and he asked what was the total amount of the alleged embezzlement * Mr . Dodd replied from JE 50 to £ 100 , and added that he would be able to shjw on a future occasion that the prisoner had represented himself on many occasions as the nephew of the deceased . The prisoner was remanded to a furore day , and Mr . Henry consented to take good hail for his appearance .

      WORSHIP-STREET . Capture of asotheb " Lady Thief , "—On Saturday , Elizabeth Farmer , an elegantly-attired elderly widow , residing in Brunswick-place , City-road , was placed at the bar before Mr . Broughton , on the charge of having stolen a piece of salted beef at the shop of a butcher named Flowerdean , in Pitfield-street , Hoxton . —Charles Welford , a shopman to the prosecutor , stated that the prisoner entered the shop between ten and eleven o ' clock that morning , and he was privately ordered by his mistress to keep a watchful eye upon her , as she was suspected to have purloined some meat when she last called , a few days previously . Having advanced to the counter , the prisoner requested to he served with some sausages , and while giving the order she stooped forward o \ -er a pan containing several "" pieces < jf salted meat , one of which she adroitly abstracted , and Secreted it underneath her shawh He made no observation at the rime , but handed her the

      articles she had purchased , which the prisoner paid for , and immediately left the shop . Witness followed her out into the street , and on accusing her of the robbery , the prisoner vehemently denied the charge , when he suddenly lifted up her shawl and exposed the stolen property . The prisoner then earnestly entreated forgiveness , but he turned a deaf ear to her supplications , and on the arrival of a policeman he gave her into custodv . —On being asked if she wished to say anything , the prisoner , who was dreadfiilly agitated , made an energetic appeal to the magistrate to induce him to take a lenient -view of-the case , and spare her the jiain and ignominy of a committal to prison . She assured him that she had acted on the occasion under a sudden and uncontrollable impulse , which she felt it impossible either to account for or excuse . She was connected with a family of the highest respectability ; and having herself been a householder in the parish for more than twentvyears , she implored the

      magistrate to deal mercifully towards her , and she was willing to make any pecuniary atonement for her folly aud indiscretion . —The prisoner was remanded . —On Mondav the prisoner was again placed at the bar . The only wit . ness now present in support of the charge was the police man , Baines , 52 N , who had taken the prisoner into custody , and who , on being questioned by the magistrate , stated that he had seen th e prosecutor at his house that morning , and that the latter faiihfuUv promised Hm that all the witnesses shouldbein attendance . He accordingly came lown to the court , hut , after waiting till ten o ' clock without their arrival , he again called at the prosecutor ' s , and saw the shopman ( Charles Welford ) , the principal Witnessin the Case , who told him that he would / olhro-him to the court as soon as he could dispatch the business he was then engagadin . On bis proposing to wait till he was

      ready , the shopman immediately put on his hat and accompanied him part of the way to the court , but suddenly left him at the corner of a street , stating that he would be hack in a few minutes . After waiting a considerable time to no purpose , he hastened on to the court , in the expectation of finding him there , but had seen nothing of hhn since . He had been informed by some of the prisoner ' s friends that they had been in communication that morning with the prosecutor , who said he had no wish to proceed further with the case . —Mr . Broughton said he could not suffer the interests of justice to be compromised by the withdrawal of the evidence in a case of this descri ption , and he should , therefore , again remand the prisoner , and order summonses to be issued to compel the attendance of the necessary witnesses at the nest examination . —The prisoner , who made no observation , was then removed .

      ssewocs Case of Embezzlemest . — On Monday John Ctmnell , a middle-aged respectable looking man , was placed at the bar before Mr . Broughton , the sitting magistrate , upon a serious charge of embezzlement preferred against him by his employers . Messrs . Ballance and Sons , sili-manufacturers , in Spitalfields . —Mr . Ballance said he had at least . forty cases of embezzlement to bring against the prisoner ; and that , on taking stock , he had found a deficiency of £ 1 , 500 worth of silk . —The prisoner was remanded for a week .

      Awfh. And Tfsiimelt Death Ot A Rutfiaxlt...

      AWFH . AND tfsiIMELT DEATH Ot A RuTFIAXLT Psxkrloo Buichbk . —A short time since , the notorious Brown , of Lea Castle , near Kidderminster , was on his way from Birmingham to attend a ball got up in honour of Air . Godson , the representative of the Tory party of Kidderminster . Being late , lie was driving furiously along , and came in collision with , a dog-cart that happened to be in the road . The gig was overthrown , and Brown received such severe injuries that he expired immediately . Thus ended the career of a monster , who openly and exultingly boasted that he had severed a woman ' s breast off with his sabre at the ever-memorable Peterloo Massacre 1

      The Northern Star Saturday , Mabch 15, 1845.

      THE NORTHERN STAR SATURDAY , MABCH 15 , 1845 .

      Result Of "Short Hours" Of Labour In Pra...

      RESULT OF "SHORT HOURS" OF LABOUR IN PRACTICE . It will be remembered that during the last Session of Parliament , "theHouse , " giving way to a suddenly new-born impulse of humanity , solemnly resolved that" young persons" and females should not be called on , or permitted , by the mill-owners , to work more than ten hours a day : and it will never be FOKoorrEw , \ that "the House— " the "first assembly of gentlemen in the world— " the " Collective Wisdom of the nation ; " it vM never he forgotten , we say , that the "high , " the "free , " the "independent ?

      the nosouniBLE members of this same " House withdrew their " resolve "—eat their words—rescinded fficfr votes—at the bidding of one man , their "leader ? who threatened to resign his post if "the House" should commit such a solecism as legislate in accordance with the demands and dictates of common humanity ! He admitted to the full , that humanity vras against him ; that it was cruel to consign the young and the " weaker sex" to twelve hours work a day ; nay , he felt as strong a

      svMTATfiT for them in their bondage as any , the greatest , humanity-nionser in the House : but still STATE-SECESSirr— -still the maintenance of our national institutions—still the existence even of our foreign trade—still the " productiveness" of capital employed in mills and manufactures—still the Civil list of the Qbees , and Prince Albert ' s £ 38 , 00 © a year—still the Pension List , the Half-pay List , the Dead-weight List , the Sinecure List , and the Allowance List-fltffl "Jvathwal Faith : " still all these things required that the Legislature should close its

      ears to the demands of our common nature—that it should commit an act . of gross and unmitigated cseeltt , and doom the child and the mother to toil more vsbkaubx , more debasing , and longer in duration , tbap that forced from the property-slaves in the Indies , or from the felons in our gaols at home ! and "flic noblest assembly of freehek in the world" did the dictatorial bidding of the Mi nister , and meanly and servilely surrendered their resolution and

      judgment to the threats of the son of a Cotton-spinner , whose fethe ^ after having realized a "familv fori tune" farm ihe extended and death-dealing labours Of lmfaetory- " hanus » . peht thousandsm an endea-TOirtopr ^ an AiA embodyb gtievery & W ^ on of tune which the "high and hohourable" had RESOLVED was necessary to protect the objects of iteappKcatioiiJrom BocM ^ and ^ ysical eriia 0 f ^ direst magnitude . ~ " ~

      Result Of "Short Hours" Of Labour In Pra...

      This base surrender of the acknowledged claims of justice to the baser threats and false alarms of the Minister cannot be palliated , even on the ground of ignorance . " The House" had something more than the mere ipse dixit of Sir Robert Peel , or the coldblooded economical reasoning of Sir Lbtter-opbioxg Graham , to guide it . There were the opinions of some of the most extensive employers and mill-proprietors in the kingdom—that the disastrous efforts to the exexistence of the nation , predicted as the consequence of a imitation of the labours of infants and women to something like a reasonable extent , were mere chimeras , conjured up to

      " Fright the isle from its propriety , without reason or even probability for a groundwork . They declared it as their solid conviction , —a conviction derived from experience , —that the step was one that would not even diminish " pbowt , " while it would add immensely to the ^ ajft of the labourers , in time , in instruction , in domestic comfort , if not even in money-amount of wages . There was Mr . John Fielden , a member of " the House" itself ; a man i ntimately mixed up with the prosperity of the manu facturing system ; a man who has been made by that system , and whose existence as a tradesman depends on its well-being ; a man in most extensive

      " business" in the cotton-manufacture ; aman whose profits alone have just been assessed to the Incometax at £ 24 , 000 a-year ; there was this man , so circumstanced—so bound up with the manufacturing system , —that system whose veiy existence demanded two nouRsextra toilfrom Hide children and from females . '; there was this man bearing honourable testi mony as a practical man , that the act of justice resolved on by "the House , " would add to the well being and the wealth of all concerned , both employer and employed . There was the firm of Wood and Walkers , of Bradford , the largest worsted-spinners in the kingdom , bearing similar testimony ; and who have proved their sincerity by spending , in the endeavour to procure a similar act of justice to the one resolved on , thousands upon thousands of

      pounds . There was William Rand , ol Bradford , another great worsted manufacturer , and a great contributor to the means of agitating the question . There were Mr . Haegheates , of Accrington , and Mr . Gardner , of Preston ; and there were five-sixths of the mill-owners of the Oldham district , all bearing similar testimony , and all protesting . against the assumption that it was necessary to preserve their profits add their trade , to work children and females two hours longer than the felon pn the treadwheel . Therefore it could not be ignorance that induced the " Collective Wisdom" to accede to the representations of Graham , and Peel , and the League Free Trade Members : but it was an abject , servile , base bowing down of " independence" to power , and a slavish surrender of judgment and conviction to the claims of faction and party .

      Since the period when the "high and chivalrous " " eat the leek , " short hours have been in practice . Mr . Gardner , a most extensive mill-owner , in ihe neighbourhood of Preston , notwithstanding the universal practice of his brethren , determined to run his works only eleven hours a day instead of twelve , as he had formerly done , and as all his neighbours still continue to do . This step he determined on now near twelve months ago ; and the experience of that period is calculated in some degree to show what truth there was in the representations of the Minister and the Leaguers that ' short hours" would annihilate profits and diminish wages . The result of that experience

      we are fortunately enabled to give : and while it must make the "honourable" slaves who obeyed Sir Robert Peel ' s arbitrary commands , to blush crimson trebly dyed at their criminal conduct and pusilaniniity , it will prompt the factory-workers of the empire to renewed , energetic , and unceasing efforts to secure generally the manifold blessings and benefits shadowed forth by a partial adoption of the " short-hour" systemt They will properly reason , that if such he the result of abridging labour only one hour a day , and in a case ,

      too , where but one master adopts the plan , having to compete in the market with his neighbours who have the " advantage" of the " extra "hour ; if such be the result of this slight abridgment of excessive toil , under such circumstances as these , they will naturally imagine what the benefits and advantages would be to aU—employers and employed—from a general limitation of factory labour to that period which the eminent of the faculty have assigned as the longest that can be safely endured even by the strongest adult . They will naturally judge the " sack by the sample . - " and what the sample is the reader shall just now

      Preston , Monday , March 10 . A meeting of the hands employed by Mr . Robert Gardner in his extensive factory in this town was held on Friday evening last , at a public-house near the factory , in llarsh-laue , incompliance with a resolution of the delegate meeting of factory workers held at Bolton last week , for the purpose of ascertaining the advantages which have resulted , and are likely to result , from the regulation , adopted nearly twelve months ago by Mr . Gardner , of working eleven hours a-day instead of twelve , and paying the same wages as under the longer hours' system . The manager of the works and all the overlookers were present during tiae whole of the proceedings . The chair was occupied by one of the hands , who opened the proceedings by briefly enjoining order , and bespeaking attention to the various speakers .

      The meeting was then addressed by an operative Spinner , who stated the advantages which he had derived from the adoption of the eleven hour system , among which were—that he had better health , a better appetite , slept more soundly , and at the end of the week received more wages for his work than formerly . So great , he said , had been the advantages which he had derived torn eleven hours , that he could safely venture to say that no danger could be apprehended from the adoption-of the ten hours' system . So decidedly favourable had he found the change , that nothing but the direst necessity could ever induce him to return to the long hour system again . The Book-keeper of the establishment next presented

      himself . He said that the chairman having alluded to the subject of wages , he ( the speaker ) considered it his duty at that stage of the proceedings to give some statements which he thought would be of some importance in connection with the subject of long or short hours . After the eleven-hour system had been in operation for ten weeks , he had been requested to take from the books a statement of the wages paid during that period , and also the wages paid in the ten weeks preceding the adoption of the eleven hours . The result was , that after a . careful calculation he found , that for each p : iir of looms the advance paid in money to the weavers was Id . per week more than during the ten weeks preceding the change .

      For the same period the spinners averaged 2 d . per week more than under the old system . These were all piece hands , or those who were paid according to the quantity of work done . The day hands , or those who were paid by the day , got the same wages as before . When the system had been in operation a few weeks , he found that the sick list was much diminished , and that very few had to leave work from ill-health .. On referring to his boohs , found that for a period of six weeks not a single spinner was off work from sickness , —a circumstance whicli had never before been known ; and he was glad to be able to say , from the same authority , that the health of the hands continued to improue under Ota new regulation . The change to eleven

      hours had been commenced in April , 1844 , and up to the end of June only one man had been off work , sick , and he was consumptive . He was then speaking in the presence of the operatives themselves , who could bear testimony to the truth of what he had said . There was some difficulty in giving accurate particulars as to the quality of the work produced , owing to the changes in the numbers of the yarn , and other circumstances ; but , on the whole , he was fully warranted in saying that the work was much better under the new than the old system . lie made that statement wuhaut hesitation , as hehad had no less than ten years' experience in the capacity which

      he now filled , and he hoped , therefore , he was competent to give such an opinion . There were many parties present , however , who could speak from their own actual experience—he meant the weavers , to whom the work of the spinner was taken to be made into cloth , and they could say whether or not the " cops" were not better now than under the old regulation of twelve hours , and whether also there was not less waste made from the work of the spinners now than formerly . He might add , that the wages of the warpers and winders had been fully maintained . He thought it right to state , that no alteration had been made in the speed of the machinery during the periods to which he had referred .

      A Power-loom Weaver corroborated , in every particular , the statements made by the last speakers , and added , that he could say , for those employed in his department , that they would prefer going to ten hours , even though their wages should be somewhat reduced . His wife was working in the mill , and he had no hesitation in saying that a considerable saving to him had been effected , even by the single hour a day , which she could now give to her affairs at home . The Superintendent of the Card-room said , that their machinery had not been speeded , and yet the hands under him turned off more work , and ot a better quality , now than under the twelve-hour system .

      Result Of "Short Hours" Of Labour In Pra...

      A Piecer said he had been enabled by the eleven-hours ' system to attend school . He understood that several schoolmasters in the neighbourhood had found a considerable increase in the number of their scholars since the adoption of the eleven hours . Many others of the hands made similar statements ; after which the following resolutions were unanimously adopted : — "That this meeting of the hands in the employ of Mr . Robert Gardner , grateful for the numerous blessings he has conferred upon us by the adoption of the plan of working eleven hours a day , return him our best thanks , and most respectfully request him to join us , his operatives , in petitioning Parliament for an efficient Ten Hours' Bill for all hands employed in factories .

      " That the adoption of the eleven hours' system be celebrated by a festivity on the 22 nd of April next , and that a committee be appointed to conduct the arrangements . " Thanks were then voted to the chairman , and the meeting separated . There , now ! What do the factory-workers of Lancashire and Yorkshire think of that ? And what

      will Phel , and Cobden , and Bright , and George Henry Canning Ward , and Villibrs , and Home , think of it ?! What becomes of then * predictions of lower wages—no profits—destruction of foreign trade —home embarrassments—and national bankruptcy , as the consequences of a less amount of labour than twelve hours a day ?! What becomes of all their famous arithmetical calculations , which defied examination or refutation ?! What becomes of all

      the " solemnwarnings , " and the "dreadful apprehensions , " and the "stern realities" which could afford no more than an . expression of sympathy for those who were being destroyed , body and mind , morally and physically , by murderous toil ?! What has become of them?—why facts and experience have -proved them to us baseless as the predictions and promises of Peel , which induced " the House" to agree to his famous Bill , to " set the question of currency at . rest for ' ever !" by doubling the amount of every debt ! and diminishing the means o f the people to pay ! and as worthy

      of dependence on , as the present promises of good and happiness by Cobden and Co ., as certain to flow from a repeal of the Corn Laws without previous adjustment . The whole of the predictions ,- thrcatenings , promises , and conduct of the Minister and the Leaguers , as to all these questions , —the limitation of the hours of labour , the actions on the currency , and the effects of an unconditional repeal of the Corn Laws , —are . cither prompted by gross stolid ignorance of the true principles of State policy , or by a wilful disregard of truth and consequences , that purely selfish ends may be promoted .

      Let the reader look at the RESULT of " short hours" in practice above set forth . ' More work ; higher waoes ; less sickness ; a better and more valuable production ; increase op scholars to the schools ' , amd greater domestic comfort * these are the answers to Feel and Bright ' s dismal borebodings and positive predictions of all sort of evil consequences . Here is practice . Here is fact : will it do to set against the wind of those who cautioned , and warned , and threatened , and dragooned "theHouse" into tho rescinding of its solemn resolves to grant a modicum of justice ?

      To Mr . Gardner , who has had the courage and the manliness to take steps to prove Peel an ignorant charlatan or a dishonest legislator , and to show up , in glorious manner , the Leagued " friends of the p oor , " the greatest praise is due . He has earned for himself the gratitude of the factory population in general , and of hia own " hands" in particular ; a gratitude which , we are sure , will be gladly and freely accorded . Mr . Gardner ' s reward will be the approbation of his own conscience , and the blessings and love of those to whose happiness he has directly contributed in no common degree , and indirectly to all , by showing the safe road to a greater degree of comfort and enjoyment for all engaged in factory labour .

      In tliis matter we are happy to say that Mr . Gardner does not stand alone , He is not the only millowner that has tried the experiment of " short time . " Ho is the first that we have heard of in the " great cotton district ' : " and to Mm , jas such , every praise is due . But justice requires that we should , state that for years the Messrs . Starkeys , of Huddersfield , have acted on that system , though their neighbours , with one exception , which we shall shortly specify , have been running their mills whenever they could full twelve hours . In addition to this boon of an hour a day less work , and no reduction of wages to

      those hired by the day , the Messrs . Stabheys have broken up ground into garden-patches , and let them at a fair rent to their work-people . And , In addition to all this , they are at the present moment engaged in erecting a school-house for the use of the children of their workpeople and of others in the neighbourhood of their mill we believe , whieh is estimated to cost franf ; £ 2 , 000 to £ 3 , 000 . Now we have peculiar pride in naming these circumstances , and in bearing honourable testimony to the kind manner in which the Brothers treat their workmen : the more so , because we have on more than one occasion used

      this same firm as an illustration of the factory system , which so rapidly raises up fortunes for some few , and keeps the toilers in a state of lingering life and death . The Messrs . Starkeys have been made by the factory-system . They were " nothing " but a very few years back ; now they are " Justices of the Bench , " roll in splendid carriages , and live in princely mansions . To this we don't object . They had a right to avail themselves of the system that exists—and make money . Had they not done so , others in all probability would ,: others who might not have been as disposed as tho Starkeys to confer

      advantages oh their-workpeople with the money made by their labour . The Messrs . Starkeys had a right to do as they have done ; they had a right , as long as the present system lasts , of obtaining mills and macliinery , and of accumulating fortunes . Nay , they might even have been contented , when they had done so , had it so pleased them , to button up their pockets , and keep all they had to themselves , for any claim which the present system would have made on them for the toilers who had produced it . In doing so they

      would but have done what ninety-nine out ot every hundred of their competing brother mill-owners invariably do : and they would have been looked onus very good sort of folk in their way . Therefore , when we find them disposed , as they have proved themselves to be , to enhance in some degree the comforts and condition of their work people , and this too unasked , we should be sour in nature indeed did we not say that the case was deserving of special mention , and worthy of being held up as an example for others to follow .

      And the " short hour' principle has been found as beneficial in practice at Huddersfield as at Preston . In the former place , it has been in operation for years : therefore the experience is greater . As before observed , the wages of the day-hands have not been reduced ; and in only a very few instances of piece-work has there even been a semblance of reduction in amount of work and wage ; and what little

      there has been , has been more than compensated for by the time allowed for gardening operations , and the increased amount of domestic comfort—so much so , that none of the workers have any desire to go back again to the "long hour" practice , The employers are also equally satisfied . Like Mr . Gardner , they find their work better done , and on the whole as muchof it ; and they have the gratification of having reduced the duration of labour for their hands

      onetwelfth in amount , and of having given some degree of time for mental improvement and intellectual enjoyment . Indeed , so satisfactory has been the working of tho " short-hour" principle in the Starrev's establishment , that another eminent firm , the Brook's of Armitage-bridge , have also adopted it : and with Bunilar beneficial results . And is it not alone at Preston , or at Huddersfield , that the plan has been tried , and found successful . At Shejjield the most important results have followed the adoption of the principle . The case of several of the Trades of Sheffield was brought before "the House" by Mi * . Duncombe , in answer to the " warnings" and . " alarming predictions" of Sir Robert Peel and the Leagued Free-

      Result Of "Short Hours" Of Labour In Pra...

      Traders ; and Mr . Duncombe was told that the only effect of such "insane" conduct would be the driving of the trade from ihe town . Well , just upon one twelvemonth has elapsed since that " opinion" was given ; the " insanity" has been most rigidly adhered to : and the result is , that instead of the trade having "left , " as George Henry Canning Ward said it would , every man is better and more remuneratively employed than he has been for many years past !! Before " insanity" began , the hours of work for Grinders were commonly fourteen and sixteen

      hours a day . Then the workers could scarcely livewhile many of the hands were constantly on the parish books , unable to obtain employment at all . The men were "insane" enough to try to regulate thisniatter ; they were "insane" enough to think that if the then number of workers worked less , it would require more " hands" to produce the required amount of goods . WM a demand for labour , they had been taught that tvages would rise : and they were "insane " enough to try it . Instead of working fourteen or sixteen hours a day , they resolved that they wouW labour only as . Mows . —

      HOOBS . On Monday 5 ¦ . „ Tuesday 8 „ Wednesday ... ... 8 „ Thursday ... 8 £ „ Friday ... 9 „ Saturday 8 J Total for the week ... ... 42 hours ; and the result has been , that every man of them is in full employ , receiving higher wages for the shortweek ' s work than they did for the long one ! What a fact for George Henry Canning Ward to crack his teeth against !

      And now to the Trades generally . Are these facts to have no weight with you ? Are not you disposed to endeavour to secure for yourselves similar benefits to those enjoyed by your brethren whose cases we have . laid before you ? If " short hours " are of advantage in one establishment at Preston , in two at Huddersfield , and in many at Sheffield ; if they tend to drive sickness from the hearth ; to advance wages , and enable the toiler to perform his work better if they give tune for schooling , and for domestic duties ; if they add to the workman ' s stock of enjoyments , and increase his worldly store :, if they do these things for the " hands" of Mr .

      Gardner the Messrs . Starkey , the Messrs . Brook , and for the Grinders of Sheffield ; if " short hours " will secure these things for them , will they not do the same for you ? And are not the benefits worth trying for ? Could your delegates in the Trades' Conference be better employed than in devising means to make . the benefits of " short hours in practice" as general as Mow itself ? We scarcely think they could , T . o them we commend the question ; and on the Trades we urge the duty of appointing delegates to meet their brethren from all p arts of the country , to duly consider this question amongst the many others that must engage their attention . The liine is now short . What-is done must be done quickly :

      and if the Trades so their duty , their cause will occupy a far different position at the end of the Conference from what it does now . We cannot conclude this subject without referring to the meeting in Exeter-hall on Wednesday , at which Lord John Russell presided . It was for an object similar in nature to that on which this article treats . It was to put an end to the "late hour system" of shopkecping . ' The vast hall was crammed to excess ; and right well did the chairman maintain the ground he took during the factory debates in last session . He did not flinch from his position , He did not let defeat act as an excuse for his throwing the " short hour" question overboard ; but he boldly and eloquently maintained it , in manner following : —

      It was one of the greatest evils of this country that toil had become so excessive therein that every consideration of health , all attention to intellectual improvement , and tho time which should be devoted to spiritual worship , were entirely lost by the excess of labour into which the people felt themselves compelled to embark . ( Cheers . ) It was quite clear that those who began their employment at six o ' clock in the morning , and did not close it till ten or eleven o ' clock at night , had little time but for the needful rest to recruit their bodies for their next day ' s occupation . It was not necessary for him to prove that such constant employment must debilitate the health , must destroy the mental character , aud must greatly , if

      not altogether , deprive those who followed it of that which ought to claim so much of a man ' s time ^—that of preparing for another and a future life . Why was it that one generation of men after another were to pass away consumed in this hopeless , fearful toil , absorbed in such pursuits , and without , in this respect , the means of improvement for their minds and morals ? ( Cheers . ) For it would be obssrved , that while they had the mechanical advantages of civilisation—if they looked to the hours of toil—to the time left for intellectual culture or other improveniGntQ , they would not find that civilisation had advanced them beyond a time of comparative pauperism . ( Cheers . ) They must endeavour then to

      improve society . There were evils of this kind beyond tho power of legislation , in which , if legislation was to attempt to interfere , while doing good in one direction , it would infallibly do much greater evil in another . ( Cheers . ) But there was a power in this country of the greatest weight , and which required only direction to -be made available against such evils—the power of public opinion . ( Cheers . ) Should they not look , then , by the help of this power , to a time when labour , which was their task , while it still continued for a proper number of hours , might be of moderate length , when a

      sufficient part ot the twenty-four hours would be left to make men more instructed , better men , and better Christians 1 If he could think that nothing but the constant attention to the amassing oi wealth constituted the sole or the greatest object of the country , ho should not have that respect which he really entertained for the character of England . ( Cheers . ) When their great poet was describing the occupation of tho Spirits of Darkness , while about to build Pandemonium , he said" Mammon led them on ; " Mammon , the least erect of all the spirits , " Thafrfell from heaven . "

      And if such was the character of the spirit that the poet deemed fit to lead on the powers of darkness for the erection of their palace , should not they who sought a better temple—a temple of civilisation , of happiness , and of religion—should tliey not enlist under better auspices , and look for brighter spirits to lead them to the erection and execution of the fabric which they wished to raise ? ( Loud cheers . ) They ( the shopmen ) formed but a small part , to be sure , of those who suffered from the evils complained of ; but if the stream flowed on it would increase till it became irresistible , ( Cheers . ) TAi ' sman . is TO be Minister again some day : does it bode no good-. to find him enunciating such sentiments as time ? Whether would it be better for the

      factory-worker , that Lord John Russell—( provided that he would give life , reality , to those ennobling principles)—or Peel , who dragoons "the House" out of its resolves to givcthe Ten Hour Bill , should be Minister ? No matter that Loan John has been converted since he got " out " : the conversion is there : and he cannot get "in" again , except on an understanding that he will give as a Minister that which he has asked as a " leader" of her Majesty ' s Opposition . Will it not be worth while for the factory-workers to consider , whether it may not bo wise to turn Peel " out , " that he too may be " converted "—and to put Lord Joun " in , " that he may give effect to the conversions of both ?!

      Glorious Triumph Of The London Composito...

      GLORIOUS TRIUMPH OF THE LONDON COMPOSITORS . In last week ' s Star we made some comments on a struggle then pending between a number of Master Printers and their hands ; and we were sufficientl y confident in the honour , the organisation , arid resolution of the men , to venture a prediction that the mere exhibition of those necessary elements of Union would bring the haughty capitalists to their senses . This week it is our pride to state that we were not mistaken nor deceived . The men were true to themselves ; and the masters , in accordance with thenbest interests , have been ( though , most reluctantly )

      compelled to give way for the present . We say for the present ; because , the past leads us to a fair guess as to what amount of mercy the mon might reasonably expect , if their fate depended upon Malthusian philosophy , Mastere ' clemency , or Capitalists' calculations as to the deduction to be permanently made from wages , in consideration of the antici pated reductions in the price of food . Enough for us that the first blow has been struck , and warded off . The men have united and triumphed . The masters have grudgingly yielded ; but only , tor the present . There is an armistice—a cessation of hostilities—rather than pro-

      Glorious Triumph Of The London Composito...

      clamation of peace upon honourablo terms . Let the " weak" rest assured that the " strong" will improve their position b y every available means for the next encounter ; and , cognizant of tho means by which they were enabled to beat the foe , let . the men alsownprove their union . It has stood their friend ; and therefore they should , for self sake , cherish it . Of all things , let it become general ; and forthwith let the men lay by a fund , be it ever so small , to sustain them in the next conflict , whether legal or social . They are in good employment ; and if their Association numbers no more than one thousand , a shilling a man per week would give them £ 2600 a year as a general fund to meet the next assault .

      The battle having been fought and won , we have only to add our congratulations to those of the victors , and remind them that a Conference is about being held for the purpose of consolidating the National Trades ' strength : and , having so recently tasted of the sweets of union , we trust they will see the necessity and expediency of electing a delegate to represent their body in that Conference . The short , but admirable and temperate letter of "A Type-Lifter , " which we publish in our first

      page , obviates the necessity of saying more upon this subject at pi'esent , further than we pledge ourselves at all times to advocate Labour ' s right against . Labour's oppressors . We are always happy when we can be instrumental in making the working classes do their own duty . They can beat tyrannical employers when they have justice , and union , and numbers , and MONEY , on their side . Justice they invariably have ; but the want of union and want of MONEY often destroys its potency .

      Co $Uaim3 & Coritspottiimte

      Co $ UaiM 3 & Coritspottiimte

      Mb. O'Coknob And Mb. Coopeii.—Wc Are Urg...

      Mb . O'Coknob and Mb . Coopeii . —Wc are urgently requested by Mr . Cooper to iusert the following brief remarks on Mr . O'Connor ' s note of last week : — " I beg to observe that Mr . O'Connor is again wrong when he says he « advanced liberally' to my * two newspapers , ' though it is merely through inadvertence , I have no doubt , that ho has made that statement . Mr . O'Connor did ' advance liberally' to the support of the Illuminator as long as it remained the property of the working men , by whom it was commenced , Eut when the paper became mine , by my taking on my own shoulders their debt , as well as receiving their stock , tfcc , Mr . O'Connor ' s support ( which was the handsome sum of 10 s . weekly ) ceased . In the multiplicity of Mr . O'Connor ' s

      concerns , it is scarcely to be expected that ho should have kept his disthiction as to the proprietorship of a little local paper , in mind ; but his letters , if he looks them over , wiU show him that I am right ; and Mr . Markham , and others in Leicester , know well the truth of what I say . On one occasion Mr . O'Connor lectured in the Leicester Amphithehtre , for the benefit of the fund for carrying on the Commonwealthsjun ; and when his expenses at the inn , the rent of the building , the gas-rate , < fcc , were paid , the net produce was forty shillings , while I spent and lost upon the paper as many pounds . It was certainly a . proof of Mr . O'Connor ' s zeal for the spread of Chartist principles , that he gam Ms serutccs for assisting the paper ; but still his expressions of ' money given , ' 'donations , ' and "advanced

      liberaUy' to my ' two newspapers '—are not borne out . I did not make use of the phrase ' personal benefit' for the purpose of evasion , but for eaplfcidwss ; and I am sure it behoves Mr . O'Connor , as well as myself , to be explicit , and not to use loose and unguarded terms , in making references to these money transactions . I have been wounded too deeply by ingratitude myself , to think lightly of a favour where I h av o received it ; an d if I liad received a personal pecuniary favour from Mr . O'Connor , he would not have found me backward to acknowledge it , and thank him for it . Hut I repeat , still more unequivocally , that I have iicwr received one fttrtiiing from Mr , O'Connor ' s purse , citfteriii the shape of gift , loan , or salary , or in any shape whatever . —Thomas Coopbb . " [ I was not aware till now , that the paper in

      question did not belong to Air . Cooper . All I say is , that on his application , I gave 10 s . a week as long as it lasted ; and on his application , I sent him £ 5 for what I termed at the time , " Ms bastard" —the first paper he started . As to ' my expenses at the Inn , Mr . Cooper ordered dinner and a room for me , and insisted on paying , as I went to Leicester to lecture for him ; aud whenever it shall again be in my power , I shall be happy to do the same . —Feabgus O'Connob . ] Me . Pitkethlt , of Huddersfield , who was the means of procuring for Mr , Duncombe the information as to the restriction of the hours of Labour adopted by the Grinders and other Trades of Sheffield , writes to us as . follows . We are sure that his request will be complied with by those who can give the required information : —The Grinders of Sheffield desire to

      possess , from localities where the allotment system has obtained , particular information as to the num . ber , the size , the rent paid , and the other burdens ; with information as to what are the general and most beneficial crops . The Grinders contemplate purchasing , or leasing , a quantity of land , principally for the purpose of employing any surplus "hands " they may have , and thus prevent the lowering of wages ; aud therefore would be glad to hear from the ¦ Wire Workers' Society of Manchester , and any others who have land in possession for a similar object . Promptitude in the transmission of the required information is most important , Address to Mr , John Broomheud , 51 , Sidney-street , Sheffield . H . H „ Halifax . —We cannot answer his query . He had

      better act on th & advice of some lawyer , who will advise when he is made acquainted with all the facts . The Spy System , at Leeds . —Will any of our friends at Leeds forward us a copy of the placard that " one of the Mozeley's" has so plentifully daubed on the walls ? We wish to see what " virtuous innocence" has to say , when taking on itself aj charge thrown amongst * ' a crowd . " We have a letter ourselves from two of " the Mozcley ' s . ; " and we have seen another in the Leeds Mercury ; when we get the placard we speak of , perhaps we shall have " something" to say to the fumers and the valiant—something which they would have been wise to hear before they had made such a * tir . In such affairs we do not act with precipitawsD . We generally know wfiereice are before we make sign and

      in dealing with certain people , we find it the easiest plan to " give plenty of cord . " A man that is his own Jack Ketch saves a deal of trouble to other folks . The ifozeley we had , and have , in our eye , shall have enough of it before we have done with him . A Cbt of tdb "Pooa" against the Bobbery of the " Rich . "—The following , which we insert just as we have received it , has been handed to us from a number of labouring men in the parish of Burnham , in the county of Buckingham . We commend the case to the ospecial notice of the Duke of Buckinghamthe " poor man ' s friend . " The " poor" of his own county have surely a claim upon his unbounded benevolence : and if the power of "protection , " which the socialposition , through an " accidentof birth , " has given ,

      be not exerted m defence of the " poor" of his own county , the Duke may depend on it that his neighbours will not only begin to doubt his protestations of regard aud professions of benevolence , but they will also seriously entertain the question as to what amount of good is conferred on any body hut Dukes and Lords , by tho institution of which " his Grace of Buckingham " is so distinguished a member . We also commend the case to Mr . George Henry Canning Ward , as another instance of that" eternal wab of the kick en the poor , " which begets the spirit of democratic resistance which Mr . Ward has so often and so sensitively denounced , and invoked the aid of the brutal jester , Canning , to aid him in " putting down . " Perhaps Mr . Ward will advise the poor of Burnham how to proceed in this

      matter—how to make the rich robbers disgorge that whieh is no more "theirs" than the domain "belonging" to Mr . Ward himself . There is a mode , no doubt , by which the thieves in this case may bo made to " give up" and make restitution : though what the " cost" of the process might he would puzzle longer heads than ours even to guess at . We publish the case in the hope that it may cither have its due effect ou the parties so withholding , or aid the poor of Burnham to a " friend" who will proceed on their behalf . Here is their complaint , in their own language : — " Burnham , Feby . 28 , 1815 . Sir , whee , the poor of the parish Of Burnham , ill the County of Bucks , fell ourselfs verry much disfatisfied , in conciquence of Lady Anne Grenvile stoping of the payment of twenty Pounds , wich

      was left to us by Mr . Henry Sayer , Esquire , of East Burnham , in tho parish of Burnham , who died on the fiftcent of April , in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and ten . The will of the said Henry Sayer , Esq . was proved in the perorogative court , on the eleventh day of May , in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and ten , wharby the said Henry Sayer , Esq . left to us , the poor of the parish of Burnham , twenty rounds a-year to be distributed to us , tho said poor of the parish of Burnham , in bread , to be given to us , the said poor , on Christmas day , ov the Sunday after , for ever ; and the payment of the said twenty Pound was to be payed out of the Mansion-house , Farm , and Lands of Hunlcrconibe , in the said parish of Burnliam for ever . Tl \ e said twenty pounds his sloped from us ( wether legal or 'legal remains for us to ascertain ) as the said Lady Anne

      GrenviHe haf sold the Mansion-house , and part of the said ' land of lluntcrcombc , to her relation , Lady Elizabeth Wells ; wich said estate was sold to the late Lord GrenviHe by John Popple , Esq . whose property it was after the death of tho said Henry Sayer , Esq ., and the death of Isabella Popple , wife of the said John Popple . Theairfore whee , tbe poor of the parish of of Burnham , wishes to know if thair can be a means of restoring tho same back to us again or not , and what will be the expenees of the same ; has whee hope that whee might find a friend to procede in our behalf in this and other donations specified in the parish church of Burnham . As far has whee can understand , that when John Popple , Esq . sold Huntercombe estate to Lord GrenviHe , it was sold £ 500 cheaper in consiquence of the said £ 20 being left to us , the Foo » m Bcuhhah . "

      Mb. O'Coknob And Mb. Coopeii.—Wc Are Urg...

      b . Thomas Hood . —The readers of the Star will be much concerned to learn the melancholy news of the present condition of "the feUow of infinite jest" and humour , which we here give them from the last number of Hood ' s Magazine : — "We can hardly congratulate our readers on presenting them , this month , with an effigy of Thomas Hood's outward feature , instead of that portraiture of his mind , and those traces of his kiudly heart , which he has been wont with his own pen to draw in these pages . During the last month his 1 physical strength has completely given way , and , almost as much through incapacity of his hand to hold the pen , as of his brain for any length of time to guide it , ho has at last been compelled to desist from composition . Those in whom admiration of the writer has induced also a friendly feeling towards the man , will

      have some consolation in learning that amidst his suf . ferings , which have been severe , his cheerful philosophy has never failed him ; but that on his sick bed as in his writings , and in his life , he has known how to enlighten the melancholy of those around him , and to mingle laughter with their tears . We have thought it due to our readers and to the public thus briefly to make known that Mr . Hood is move seriously 111 than he has ever been before ; avoiding to express any hopes or forebodings of our own , or to prejudice the uncertain issues of life and death . " A Two Yeabs' Sobscriber . —Yes ; if they enter o n the trust at all they are bound to execute the will accord , ing to the directions of the testator ; and if they do notdo so , they are answerable to justice for malappropriation , either in the Court of Chancery or in the Court of

      Common Pleas . James IIaigh , Emmy . — . The property is liable . It mat . ters not to whom it belongs . All property is subject to the tax : it is only incomes under £ 150 a-year that are exempt . Tho rate of the tax is 7 d . in the pound on net rental . James Coupe , Littiebobough . — We believe that one ¦ township possessing , or occupying property in another township , would bo liable to be assessed to the poor and highway rates of the township where the property is situate . J . H . J . —If we were in the position of J . H . we should " keep possession" of the looms till the sum we wanted was paid , or arranged for . The other party we fear could only recover from the assignees payment for what he has delivered to them . The other is a debt under the assignment , and will , we apprehend , share the fate of the other debts .

      W . Hameb , Oldham , had better forward 5 s . ia postags stamps , to save booking . W , Bell , Heywood . —We have not been able to get a peep at the Acts he mentions , but have a strong idea that the " point" set up by those who countenance s discharged servant in retaining the books of tlio township is not worth a row of pins . Of course the ratepayers will refuse to pass tho accounts with the pwd . cular item of salary in ; and , not contenting themselves with a mere vote in the vestry , will also dopute some portion of their body to go before the justices , and oppose the accounts tftorc too , on behalf of the township . Nay , they should even do more than this , should tho justices " allow" the salary ; they should appeal against the rate , and have the matter fully tried . Of course they will take care that the parties who have

      acted so disgracefully this last year , do not thrust on them again a " servant" who can set his " masters " at denar . ee , and do the bidding of a dirty faction . We received from Newnham a post-office order , dated March 4 th . Will the person sending it say what it is for , and the amount of the order ? Parties sending post-office orders , or cash , to this office , ought to bo careful to write something in their letters , so that we can tell who sends them , and what they intend us to do with the money . Wo have four or five agents who never write a word more than the address of this office on the outside of tho orders . We are partial to short letters , when on matters of business ; but these are rather too short . If those who send will only sigft their names , it is all we ask ; and ,

      if they will not do that , tbey must expect that the cash will sometimes be credited to the wroug agents . To correct such errors afterwards takes much time in writing for all particulars , besides the risk of the person sending the money losing it altogether . From a recent alteration in the post-office order department , it is impossible to ascertain the name of the person sending , without writing to the post-ofSce where tho order was first obtained , or to the general office . Several of our agents are still determined not to send their orders payable at ISO , Strand , We have this week received orders payable at the General Post-office from Davios , Merthyr Tydvil ; Bumdge , Truro ; Muir , ^ Carlisle M'PherSOU , Perth ; Billiard , Leek ; and Sowerby and Waine , Stockton . If they would but ask to have their orders made payable at 180 , Strand , they would oblige . U . UV . O U . UUV . i- ^ JUU . ^ .. V i «« , « .. » ™ , ...-J .. VU . U vu .. gv .

      = ^ C ! = ^ - MONIES RECEIVED BY MR . O'CONNOR . FOR THE EXECUTIVE . £ . 5 . d . From Dudley 0 10 6 From Edinburgh 0 10 0 Prom T . S . . Brooke , Esq o 10 0 6 UBSCB 1 JT 10 H 8 . From Hanley and Shelton , per E . W . Sale .. & 12 £ From Arnold 0 13 FromBasford 0 12 From Carrington 0 2 2 VICTIM FUND . From Carrington 0 2 2 MBS . ELLIS . From the Chartists' Meeting at the Seven Stars , Nottingham 0 2 6 From J . Sweet 0 0 6

      RECEIPTS PER GENERAL SECRETARY . SUBSCRIPTIONS . £ 8 . d . g . d . Hammersmith .. 020 Bradford .. .. 0 G 10 JMarylebone ( omit- Hebden-bridge .. 040 ted in last list ) .. 0 3 0 Dewsmvry .. .. 018 Crayford .. .. 016 Littletown .. .. 016 St . Olave ' g and St . Bivstall .. .. 0 o 7 John ' s .. ., 050 SowerbyHelm ., 092 Holbeck .. .. 046 Butterley , per Bishopswearmouth 0 6 8 Browne .. .. 046 Sunderland .. .. 066 Marylebone .. 030 Preston , O'Connor Bumley , Vo . 2 Brigade .. .. 030 locality .. .. o 5 © Halifax .. ,. 036

      DONATIONS . Sowcrby Helm .. 0 2 4 J Stanningley .. 0 I S Mr . Heath .. .. 0 1 0 Queen ' s Head , a few Preston , O'Connor Democratic friends 0 10 0 Brigade .. .. 030 Haslingden , a De-Melton , from three mocrat .. .. 0 0 6 friends .. .. 020

      LEW . Sowerby Helm .. 011 0 Holbeck .. .. 0 7 6 Mr . Tucker .. .. 0 1 0 - ¦ BAND BOOKS , CABDS , itc . Bacup , cards .. 0 3 4 Burnley .. ,. 016 Bradford , account- Haslingden , acbook „ . 040 count-book .. 040 Halifax , hand do . 0 0 2 Burnley , cards .. 0 5 0 MBS . ELLIS . Emmett Brigade ( omitted last week ) .. .. 1 12 0 Halifax .. „ , n 5 10 Northampton ( new locale ) , 0 10 0 Per Mr . Godwin o 0 9 BUNCOMBE TESTIMONIAL . Preston , O'Connor Brigade ., .. .. .. 017 0 All parties sending money-orders , either to tho secretary or treasurer , are requested to make them payable at the post-office , 180 , Strand . CANDIDATES NOMINATED FOB THE BNSUING EXECUTIVE

      COMMITTEE . The following gentlemen , viz ., F . O'Connor , T . M . Wheeler , P . M'Grath , T . Clark , and C . Doyle , havobeen nominated at the following - places - . —Brighton , SomersTown , Bradford ( Yorkshire ) , Norwich , Halifax , Hammersmith , Hebden-bridge , Westminster , Plymouth , Sheffield , Merthyr Tydvil , Stockport , Haggate , Sowerby Helm , Greenwich , Truro , IMbedc , Tavistock , Oummersdale , Oldham , Carlisle , Dewsbury , Ashton-under-Lyne , by the Emmett Brigade , and Tonbridge Wells . At Todmorden , V . O'Connor , T . M . Wheeler , P . M'Grath , James Leach , and Thomas Tattersall , have been nominated ; at Birmingham , F . O ' Connor , T . M . Wheeler , J

      Bairstow , J . West , G . White , and James Leach ; at Manchester , James Leach , P . M'Grath , F . O'Connor , T . M . Wheeler , and John West ; at Marylebone , F . O'Connor , P . M'Grath , T . M . Wheeler , C . Doyle , and John West ; at Arnold , Basford , and Carrington , F . O'Connor , P . M'Grath , T . M . Wheeler , C . Doyle , and Mr . Dorman ( of Nottingham ) ; at Northampton ( New Locale ) , T . M . Wheeler , r . M'Grath , William Jones ( of Liverpool ) , C , Doyle , and William Beesley ( of Aoeriugton ); and at the City of London , P . M'Grath , T . Cooper ( of Stafford Gaol ) , C . Doyle , F . O'Connor , T . M . Wheeler ; Edinburgh , P . M'Grath , T . Clark , C . Doyle , T . M . Wheeler , F . O'Connor , J . Moir ( of Glasgow ) , D . Ross ( of Leeds ) , and \ Y , Dixon ( of Manchester ) .

      By the above return the candidates are , Messrs . M'Grath , O'Connor , Wheeler , Doyle , Clark , James Leach , Tattersall , Bairstow , West , G . White , Dorman , Jones , Beesley , Cooper , Moir , lloss , and , Dixon . These gentlemen will please individually to write to the Secretary , 243 i , Temple Bar , previous to Thursday , the 20 th March , stating whether they consent to stand the election for the above office . Printed lists of the candidates who consent to stand mil then be transmitted to each sub-secretary , and the election be proceeded with forthwith . THOMAS MARTIN WHEELER , Secretary ,

      Gmomts, Wences, & Inqutfte

      gmomts , wences , & Inqutfte

      The Murder At Salt-Hill. Trial Of John T...

      THE MURDER AT SALT-HILL . TRIAL OF JOHN TAWELL . Aylesbury , "Wednesdat , March 12 . —Tliis being the day appointed for the trial of John TawoU for the murder of Sarah Hart , the town , at an early hour was tho scene of unusual excitement and activit y ' crowds of persons from the adjacent towns andyulages and strangers from more distant parte having arrived cither on the previous night or by sunrise this morning , and all anxious to get admittance into a court not commodious enough to contain half of them . So great was tho confusion occasioned by the mismanagement of the inferior officers of the court that it was a long time befere the proceedings could be carried on . . .

      Mr . Baron Parke entered the court about nine o ' clock . . A large attendance of the local magistracy thronged the bench . Mr . Serjeant Byles and Mr . Prcndergast conducted the prosecution ; aud Mr . F . Kell y , with whom were Mr . O'Malley and Mr . Gunning , the defence . The prisoner , who was attired in a suit of black , made after the fashion generall y adopted by the Society of Friends , of which ho is a member , ' was then placed at the bar . As alread y known , he ia a man about 50 years of age . His appearance is respectable , and the expression of his countenance intelligent , although rendered somewhat disagreeably

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), March 15, 1845, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_15031845/page/4/