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Northern Star (1837-1852), 14th December 1850, Edition 2 of 3, Page 5, POLICE ESPIONAGE. A Public meeting was h...

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      Jpost Office Censorship. If Anything Wou...

      fo ^ 6 < m & Protestant , more 5 ealous *•»« the # st , has gone into the doctrinal v ^ Tt of the qnestioa , and denounced , with sturdy and ¦ blunt energy , what he considered the obnoxious tenet * of the Papal Church . But as a whole the battle has been fought purely on the civil and political ground , and we trust that , in fatae , if the strife ia to continue , it will be so . The Metropolitan municipality and the Read ' s of the Universities had audience of the gofEBEiGX on Tuesday last , to present ad-Areases on the subject . They who expected ^__ ^ omoProtoitant , mm ?*»_?« the

      that the replies to these addresses would give a distinct or decided enunciation of the policy of those who prepared them , were , as jnuj ht be expected , very much disappointed . Ifir d John has heen rated so severel y for speaking out in his letter , that he has taken refuge in the usual courtl y and vague verbiao-e vith which Ministers are wont to hide their meaning from the public . He has had time io calmly calculate the forces for and against a rigorous policy when the Session opens ; and , it would appear that he is by no means certain

      ef the result ; if we judge from the measured language he has put into the mouth of the Sovereign , the only approach to plain speatjng was made in the reply to the Universities , in which the Queen was made to say , " that while it was her wish that all classes of her subjects should enjoy the free exercise of their religion , they might rely on her determination to uphold alike , the rights of my Crown and the independence of my people , against all aggressions and encroachments of any foreign power . "

      The question is , has there heen any " aggression ? " Cardinal Wiseman and the Catholics deny it . They earnestly deprecate the idea of aiming at anything like interference iu the dignities or temporalities of the cstab-Jiibed church , or in any way assnmino * power over any one but those who voluntarilv acknowledge their spiritual authority . As the measure is now explained h y the Cardinal , it means simply that Koman Catholic bishops have replaced RomanCaiholic vicars apostolic , that the change is confined to the members of their own church alone , and interferes with nobody and nothing else .

      Bat , if this was all , why make such a fuss about it in the first instance ? Such a small matter as that need not have been heralded bv such an astounding flourish of trumpets as that "from within the Elamineum Gate of Home , " nor accompanied , by what did undoubtedl y loot like an assertion of the re-establishment of Papal authority over the whole of this country , his protestations in the face

      of the unequalled commotion that document has excited among all parties , aad all classes , will , we fear , not avail him . A strict and searching investigation of the whole subject must take place next Session , and whatever may be the individual feeling of ministers , or members , some measure to protect the country against even the appearance of the resumption of Papal rule will be demanded .

      It is important , that in seeking this object not the slightest infringement should be made upon the relig ious freedom of the members of the Roman Catholic Church . We have , happily , during the last twenty years admitted them to an equality with ourselves in all civil rights , and we must sacredly guard those rig hts from being meddled with . But if it appears that the prelates of that portion of the Church termed " ultramontane , " are not content with equality , but are reall y insidiousl y seeking the supremacy , then for tbe sake of the Roman Catholic laity themselves , it will be necessary to put a decided barrier in the way of such attempts .

      1 e will , however , he a difficult and trying case . It is scarely possible to introduce any measure on the subject which will not produce a general excitement , and adverse movement in Ireland . That has heen , and continues to be , the great difficulty of every English Ministry . Lord John's Administration has been mainly dependent upon the support of Irish Members for the support of its destructive policy . Any attempt , either to take away the titles and the precedence already enjoyed h y Roman Catholic Prelates in Ireland , or to forbid their assumption in this country , would he followed hy the defection of the great bod y of their Irish supporters .

      It is not at all improbable , therefore , that Mr . Disraeli and his party may take advantage of the embrgho to oust the Whigs from office , iu which case a general election would immediately follow . We are , apparently , on the eve of important events , and it is more than ever necessary that the Chartist body should he organised , and ready for action . On that point , with reference to the much debated question of the Manchester Conference , we shall have a few observations next week .

      Fo^6<M& Protestant, More 5 Ealous *•»« T...

      1 December 14 , 1850 . I . ^ - - r ^^^^^^ ~ the Northern qtar l llaMm " u _ _ , _ ., ? JZ ±£ jL , , ,- , „¦ ,- _ - . L , J

      Police Spy System. The Meeting On Thursd...

      POLICE SPY SYSTEM . The meeting on Thursday night shows that the gross and shameful abuse of the police force is not to continue . Mr . WAELET , as one o the representatives of Finsbury , did his duty hy presiding at that meeting , as we have no doubt he will in Parliament , when an opportunity is afforded him of drawing attention to the subject . But it is truly lamentable to witness the apathy of the upper and middle classes , when the most infamous and

      tyrannous conduct is pursued towards the Chartists . Had such a course been taken towards any other party , as that of sending spies in disguise to their public meetings , the whole Press mould have long ago run with alarm at the danger to public liberty , and the valuable rights of public meeting which it involved . With the exception of the Morning Advertiser , however , not one of the daily papers noticed the case , though it was one which evidently demanded the reprobation of that nriohtv power which professes to watch over the public interests , and to protect them from

      injury Tho remark of Mr . O'CoKSOit at the meeting , that it was owing to their own divisions the people were thus trampled upon and abused , gave the whole p ith ofthe matter . It is that which makes them powerless either in Parliament or the Press . It is that which made 3 Ir , TVAeiey talk of au appeal to the former as a forlorn hope . While they

      continue disunited Tie laws perverted to their ends , who make them "Will serve but as instruments of some new tyranny "W hich everv day starts up to enslave them deeper . The errained Bench will be as inaccessible to their cry for justice as the benches in the House of Commons , filled by partisans , who imagine they have an interest in crushing Chartism , and denying political liberty to the toiling masses .

      The most immediately-practical suggestion bearin " upon the special case in hand was that of the C hairman . It would at least place on the records of the House the fact , that this system of police espoinage was deliheratelv carried out , under the cognisance of the authorities : and the remonstrances ofthe Metropolitan parishes would , no , douR add some weight to those of the hon . Members for rinsbur vT We have seen select committees appointed to investigate far less *«™ = »* - ters ; and had Mr . Duncombe heen in his usual health and vigour we have no doubt he would have nrosecuted the inquiry to as

      successful an issue as he did tbos «™ g with the Milbank Penitentiary , and the Hulks at Woolwich . Both of these nests of corruption , misrule , and abuse , -were cleansed by him notwithstanding the whole power of the Government was brought U > thwart him ; and the Police Commissioners , in like manner , mfehfc he made to feel that there is a mightier nower than they weild , and that England is not yet delivered over to police-made law and

      Police Spy System. The Meeting On Thursd...

      police government Mr , Wakley will pM . form a good work if he does this Government , which connives at such dastardfy and unconstitutional course * ia guilty of treason against the constitution , and are theachve promoters of dissensions between the fnf ^ T ? * ociet T > Wfli <* may exercise the mostdeadl y influence on the future destinv ot this country . How can it he otherwise tuantnat hatred and alienation should grow up between the rulers and the ruled , when the latter find the former basely and cruelly endeavouring to entrap them into police-hatched polus government . Mri !^ wiI 1 _

      conspiracies , in order that they may be doomed to the felon ' s fate , for attempting to gain the political ri ghts , guaranteed to them bv the spirit , if not the letter , ofthe English constitution ? From that guilt the Whi g Ministry is not free , and they may yet have to experience the retribution that ever waits on evil doing .

      O'Connor Defence Fund. The Response To O...

      O'CONNOR DEFENCE FUND . The response to our appeal has so far been of a gratifying nature . The letters received at this office prove that Mr . O'Connor ' s position has excited sincere and wide-spread sympathy , and that with proper arrangements , that sympathy will show itself in deeds commensurate with " the occasion . System and organisation , however , are necessary in such cases ; and , as this is one which especiall y demands prompt exertion , it has heen considered advisahle to issue a circular containing the facts briefly stated , together with directions as to the course to he pursued in the various localities .

      The circular is so brief , and so much to the purpose , that we subjoin it , merely adding our earnest request , that its suggestions may be immediatel y acted upon , throughout the length and breadth of the country . " Northern Star" Office , London . By the recent decision of the Court of Queen ' s Bench in the case of O'Connor » . Bradshaw , F . O'Connor , Esq ., M . P ., has been saddled with the costs of two protracted and expensive actions at law . A Select Committee of the House of Commons , after the most ample investigation into the affairs of "The National Land

      Company , " pronounced its proceedings to have been conducted throughout " bona-fide , " and added , that the personal character of Mr . O'Connor , in relation to it , was unimpeachable and unimpaached . In the face of this Report , Mr . Bradshaw , ( the Editor of a Tory j ournal published at Nottingham ) , accused Mr . O'Connor of personal dishonesty in relation to the Company , An action for Libel was immediately commenced , which terminated in the Jury returning a verdict grossly inconsistent with itself and with the facts , namely , " that the libeller was justified in his charges , but that there was no ground whatever for any personal imputation on Mr . O'Connor ' s honesty I "

      The Judge , in summing up , acted the part of a hostile partizan , and misled the Jury into giving a verdict , which threw the entire costs of the action upon Mr . O'Connor . That gentleman tried the question again , by moving for a new trial in the Queen ' s Bench . The case was re-argued at great expense , but , as the " Times" expressly states , the Judges "shirked" the merits ofthe case in a " cowardl y" manner , and refused a new trial on quibbles—again subjecting Mr . O'Connor to all the costs . This is but the last of a series of proceedings , all of which indicate a determination on the

      part of Government , and the law authorities , to deny justice to Mr . O'Connor , and to refuse him either redress for wrong done , or protection against injury . The object is to " ruin him with expenses , " as advised b y Lord Melbourne years ago . He has spent his life and fortune in the cause ofthe people , and has never travelled a mile nor eaten a meal at their expense . All who sympathise with an honest but an oppressed man , are called upon to come forward liberally , and contribute to sustain him in this unequal contest ,

      It is requested that you will immediately take steps to form a Committee in your town , to canvass for Subscriptions . It would be advisable to divide it into small districts , to appoint a collector to each , to announce that the Subscriptions will be collected simultaneously on a given day , thus show , by one general and hearty effort , that the people will not allow their advocate and champion to be victimised by Legal Frauds and Governmental Chicanery . Upon app lication to this oflice , collecting books , and every information that may be necessary , will be forthwith supp lied to all who are desirous of assisting in this good

      work . It is recommended that a per centage on the amount collected he allowed to all who undertake that duty ; the amount of such per centage to he fixed by the local Committee . The funds should he remitted immediately ( per Post Ofiice Order , ) to Mr . William Rider , 16 , Great Windmill-street , Haymarket , with a list of Subscribers ; and a due and full acknowledgement will appear in the " Northern Star " each Saturday . " A long pull , a strong pull , and a pull altogether "—now or never . William Bides .

      Monies Received For The "Week Ending Thu...

      MONIES RECEIVED For the "Week Ending Thursday , December 12 ra , 1350 . FOR THE THE HONESTY FUND . Received by W . Kn > EB .-J . Cooks , Sbincliffe Colliery id —C . Presley , Fraserburg Is 2 d-W . Walsh and Brothers , Birmingham It-Three Friends , Tumbling-hill . Bradford , perB . Jamieson Is 6 d-W . Hall , Hartlepool 6 d-J- . Wood Hill-end , near Burnley Is—D . lewis , Mertbyr Tydvil 2 a 6 d —T Davis , Birchills , near Walsall Is—J . Sbneve , BramtreeSd—G . Bowden , Freetown , Glossop Is 6 a—Shc-meld , per G . Cavill 21 Ms 8 d _ J . Frost , Gainsborough , near f { otherhan > 6 d-J . andW . Gee , Loughborough 33-J . Laud , Loughborough is 6 d-B . Minns , and 1 W . & , Bradford , Yorkshire 5 s-W . Jones , Tyn-yr-heol , Neath lt-Barnsley . per J . Lowe 5 s 6 d-W . andB ., Stroud-upon-Trent 2 s-GDavis , Cirencester ls-A Paid-up Shareholder , Emsworth ls-A Few Friends , Loughborough , per T . Clarke lis 3 d-BalesBroadhst

      A Few Friends , Stalybridge ls-J . , , ue > r Exeter 9 d-J . Hall , Bilston 2 s—Y . Z „ Sowerby lOs-Bradford ( Yorkshire ) , Collected in the Demorcatic School-room Ws lld-lV . PowelL Bradford 2 s 6 d-Stockport , Six Land Members 2 s—Stalybridge Chartists , per W . HdlX—h . L'lias , Monmouth ls-J . Cloud , Monmouth ls-An Old Hatfcaland J . GoodhaU , Leeds 2 s-J . T ., Banbury 6 d-J . Whitfield , Liverpool 2 s 6 d-A Chartist , Liversedge ls-A Few Friends , Warwick , perC . Tristram 12 s-A FwOld Guards , Sunderland , per W . Bobbie 9 s-Six Fnends , Bedford , near Leigh , per G . Black 3 s 6 d-From E ** ter-Workmen , Locomotive Department B and V l-alwaj Company , 17 s Cd-Mr . Snow , 6 d-Mr . Leels-Xr . Greendadels ^ Land Members . Newcastle , perM . Jude 112 s 8 d -Froni Dewsbury-E . Clark , Draper 5 s-T Trough on Is ~ From Southampton-J . Smith ls-S . James ls-J . Palmer ls-Devenport , per J . B . 5 s-Leicester , per T . SJ ctwelshpool Messrs . J . and D . M'DouaJ , J . F ^ nTx Bvce , and G . Stephenson Ss-Nottingham , per J . Evans , 1 . Kyce , au r F Brook-street , HolfZ ? J ^ Gulleford 6 d-D ! Gulleford 6 d-W . Stcara Gd-& sTureeoJT Sw-street , Fitzroy-square ls-W . Sim-TsS ^ KSSSrssf *¦• - ¦ Swata ^ -ra sr "'

      Received by W . Hider .. » ' . Keceivedat LandOffice - » ' Received by John Arnott . __ J ____ m £ LU

      WMDISGUPOF THE 1 MB CJfMY 4 asaji 5 rs * 28 S « wSSft -Me- " *™ - Edkins , Kesbrook , and Hancock , Luddinston SB —Salford . perT . TomldnEon 15 s—Messrs . Dawson , 1 . Dawson ., M'Arthu * , a „ a Robinson , Alloa 3 s-W . Hall , Hartlepoo l 6 d 7 ^ ' ^ . - - - G ., Campsie 2 s 6 d-J . SavUlO , Leeds Is -J . Hoe , Wortley ls-J . Dean , Leeds 6 d-E . 0 ., Chiswick I ^ lI . HartChUwickl » -D . Lewis , Mertbyr Tjdvil •»*—From Cothill Mill , near Abcrdeen-M . Foster ls-A . Barclay Is—T . Davis , Birchills , near Wakal Is—T . Bennett , WalsaU ls—J . Shriere , Braintree Is-Sheffield , per G . £ i ^ -0 6 B 6 T "" £ ?;• $ ei K ls-R w - Bradbury . Holmfirtn 2 s—J . Frost , Greasborougb , near Rotierbam Is—

      Monies Received For The "Week Ending Thu...

      SteWf' ? a ?? el 6 y . P « J- We 213 s 6 d _ J \ Kr ^ f hf V A S" °£ ' MMord l 8-J- Andrews , cl S . « ^ T 6- Davis ' Cwencester 6 d-A Paid-nn lucHnS l ^ TVK * - - ! : Millard : Kising K Buckingham , Kent 5 s-From Ricarton , near Kilmarnock -J . iullerton , Miner ls-J . Pullerton , Block Printer Iswto " / ' £ £ V -- " ' ' BHston 2 S-Y . Z ., vffihS . ^ f- ? ™ Stockporfc-Six Members 5 s 6 d-Six f ^ Zl ^•• n r } m ? . 5 a ^ , i-- - Arrowswithfid-Shef flew , per a . Cavill 4 b 6 d-01 dham , per J . lord 11 liftoff Swmdon ptr H . Hornsb y 15 s-From Berry EdgeT nearShoOey Bndge-J . Thompson , Is-J . PattisfnlsGd —Land Member ? , Exeter , per H . Fink lis—G Cable Chelmsford Cd-E . Clark , Draper , Dewsbury lOs-l-Devon ' ' port , per J . B . 5 ? -Skegby and Sutton-in-Ashfield Mem . ' bera , per G . Kendall 8 j fid-Leicester , per T . Newton » s-J . H . tx B . G . 5 s—Nottingham , per J . Sxreet 7 s Od—Mr . Digory Gordy . Romsey Is—Mr . Leicester 2 s—From Brook-Street , Holboru—J . Gulleford 6 d-H . Gulleford 6 d—W . Stears 6 d-Bur / , per J . Jones 2 s _ Mr . J . Gvles : sen . 6 d-Mr . J . Gyles , juu . 6 d—D . Crawford Is . Received at Land Office . —D . H . London 2 tlgs . £ s d Received by Mr ; Eider .. 13 ig 5 KeceivedatLandOffice .. 213 0 Tatal ^ JlG lQ 5 FOR THE HUNGARIAN AND POLISH REFUGEES . Received by W . Bideb . —Two Young Chartist Socialists , Edinburgh 2 s—Clayton , near Bradford , per D . Watson 7 s 6 d—From Norwich , per C . Springhall—Queen ' s-hcad , St . Giles Is 7 d—Jolly Gardners 6 d—Exeter , per II . Find 3 s-Ashton unfler-Lyne , Part Proceeds ofRehersal , per J . Taylor K Us GO . —Kotfngbam , per J . Sweet 3 s—Paisley , Charfast Association , entered as for Honesty Fund in last week ' s Star 31 Received by Johs Arnott . —A Few Chartists , Padihain , per B . Pilling 3 s—Somers Town , per W . Turner Is 4 < J . The 16 s acknowledged last week for tha Poles , by mistake was stated as bsingfrom Bradford , whereas it should have been Halifax . FOR MACNAMARA ' S ACTION . Received by W . Ridbb . —Nottingham , per J . Sweet Cd . AGITATION FOR THE CHARTER . Received by John Abwott . —Mr . Truelove 6 d—A Friend , Oxfoid-stretted—Mr . Martin Tardebigg 6 d—Two Linconshire Democrats 2 s—Paisley , per P . Cameron Os . TRACT FUND . Received by Jobn Arsjott . —Beverley , per T . Drury 2 a—A Friend , Oxford-street , Cd-Mr . J . Hughes Gd . FOR LIQUIDATING THE DEBT DUE TO THE TREASURER OF THE NATIONAL CHARTER ASSOCIATION . Received by John Arnott . —Greenwich and Deptford . per A . Cooper 5 s . GENERAL LEVY . Received hy "W . Riraa ^ Saliord , per T . Tomkinson 9 a .

      Police Espionage. A Public Meeting Was H...

      POLICE ESPIONAGE . A Public meeting was held on Thursdny evening , at tbe Fraternal Homo , Turnmill-street , to denounce the late introduction of disguised policemen into Chartist public meetings . At eight o ' clock Mr . Wakley , M . P ., took the chair , and was received with loud applause . Mr . O'Connor , and Ernest Jones were also greeted with considerable acclamation . Mr . Waklet stated that he had received information that a gross outrage had been committed upon the rights Of the subject , but without receiving correct information upon the subject , he should not wish to speak upon the question . He

      should , therefore , wish some person who bad bera present to give a correct report of what occurred , without colour or varnish ; and if wrong had been done , they would endeavour to apply a remedy . Tne ri g ht of holding public meetings was of the greatest importance , and if they allowed the rights of a single individual to be invaded , they were ¦ were compromising the ri ghts of the whole people , and if they found this had been done they ought to raise their voices against it , and if they could not find a remedy in the Courts of Law , he , and bis friend , F . O'Connor , would endeavour to procure it elsewhere , though he could assure them that the last was a forlorn hone .

      Alfred Fozzbn then detailed the circumstance s of his arrest and tho accompanying events , stating that Mr . Combe averred that they intended to send police to all public meetings ; that they even sent them to railway meetings , and that it was necessary for the protection of the pockets of the public . Mr . T . Brows , in an excellent speech , corroborated the statements of Mr . Fuzzcn , and showed that not only were policemen introduced into their meeting , but that they sent those who boro the very worst characters , and that they never came but they endeavoured to create disturbances . How could they talk of Magna Charta and their liberty whilst they could not hold a single meeting without being intruded upon by the police . Letters were read from Mr . Williams , M . P ., Lambeth ; from Messrs . Reynolds and Le Blond , apologising for non-attendance .

      Mr . Bezep . moved the 1 st resolution : — " That in the opinion of this meeting , the police authorities deserve the severest censure of every rightminded man in the kingdom for the introduction of the discreditable practice of police espionage in this country ; and we hereby enter our protest against the abominable system . " Mr . O'Connor seconded the resolution . They must never expect proper treatment from the go " - vernment until they became united among themselves . Mr . Brown had truly faid , that great men might hold meetings without fear of spies- They would recollect the Protection meeting , with the Duke of Richmond in the chair . He had brought that case before Sir George Grey , and clearly

      demonstrated that there was one law for the poor and another for the rich . If they would but unite among themselves , they would have Lord John Russell ottering them the Charter , and asking them what else they needed . Mr O' Connor then showed the working of the spy system in relation to himself in 1818 , and how Cnffay , and other good men , had fallen victims to the treachery of such men as Powell . lie had no doubt that his friend Mr . Wakley would bring the case of Fuzzen before Parliament ; but it was idle for them to expect that four or five members of parliament could work a reform in the nation . They must exert themselves to return at least forty cr fifty members . He trusted soon to see their talented young friend ,

      Ernest Jones , in that house . They must prepare for tbe coming struggle ; and he implored them to take no part in this battle of the rival Churches . Men like Lord Ashley and the Earl of Carlisle might make flowery speeches on Papal aggression ; but let them bear in mind , that the Church yearly squandered £ 10 , 000 , 000 of their hard earnings , and that , under the Charter , they would need neither State Church , army , nor poor rate . All classes lived upon them ; and it was revolting to see that there was no law , no justice , nor food , for those who by their labour produced everything . In the next session of parliament they would see such a scene as had never before been presented to them . They must bear in mind , that seven-eighths of the population of Ireland were Catholic , and were so attached to their priests , that if they told them the Duke of Wellington was coming over with a million of soldiers ,

      and that they ( the Catholics ) were to be tied back to back , and shot , they would obey their priests , and do so . The whole of the Catholic members would oppose the government of Lord John on the Papal question , and they would speedily have Lord Stanley for Premier , and Disraeli for leader in the House of Commons . If they expected to derive any benefit from that meeting , they would be deceived , unless they formed such an union as would strike terror into the hearts of their opponents . He had had thirty years' experience in the movement , and had spent his whole fortune in their cause . He had never swerved from the one great principle of the Charter , and ho again implored them not to be led away , or deviate from , that one principle ; and , ^ » bove all , to remember , that nothing could be done ' without union . Mr . O'Connor resumed his seat loudlv applauded .

      Mr . Fcsseix moved the second resolution as follows : " That , in the opinion of this meeting , the political spy and informer are the most noxious of characters , and that no government having the confidence of the people would resort to such an infamous course for gaining information . " Mr . Ernest Josks seconded the resolution , showing that the system of centralisation was being daily 'carried out by the government . The police were a part of that system , and they would never be able to alter it , until they had tho " force " under the pay of the parish authorities , and elected by the people . They were told that tho police were the guardians of the morals and pockets ofthe community ; he denied this ; he charged them wi ; b being the concoctors of criae . He had for some time been collecting evidence in suppprt

      of that fact , ar . d be could prove tb & t they encouraged a class of men called nosers , who entrapped young thieves into their meshes , for tbe express purpose of living upon the reward of their betrayal . It was their duty to meet centralisation by centralisation . Let the City of London , which was the metropolis of arts and civilisation , be made also the metropolis of Democracy . Poverty was increasing and would increase , discontent wai its natural result ; it was these causes which produced revolutions ; they were not produced by secret organisations , but by misery and crime . He wished them to be prepared for tbe coming storm ; ho was not in favour of mixing other " isms" with Chartism ; but those men were benefactors who enlightened and instructed them upon these Social subjects . Mr . Jones then earnestly entreated them to form themselves into one determined union , and sat down

      loudly cheered . The resolution was carried unanimousiy . Mr . Fuzzev in an excellent speech , moved the adoption of tho 3 rd resolution as follows : — " That in the opinion of this meeting , taxation without representation is robbery , and we are determined to use every means in our ' power to emancipate ourselves from politica bondage ; ' which was seconded by Mr . Broome , and was carried unani-After some further speeches , and a vote of thanks to the chairman , Mr . Wakley recommended a sys tem of parish petitioning against tho system comp lained of , aa * * « meeting terminated .

      National Association Of _ United Trades....

      NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF _ UNITED TRADES . ¦ 1 . » . Buncombe , Esq ., M . P ., President . __ .. __

      -Established 1845 . "fiat justitia . " fc & ffSttK ^ orkin * classes , by com-52 . £ ^ se lves , to raise , or keep up the general thine not to h « ™\ ^ ly be aaid ttat « h » would be a thing not to be punished , but to be welcomed and rejoiced '_ ,. ,. iBtdabt "Mum , f , iSSW f Gaf 0 . d in w * vJin s thro « gh such a £ K ? 2 ; atanto « otI 8 m and laboured per vertion of SJn ' n , ll pre ente din Mr « Perry ' Pamphlet , is occasionally relieved b y some glaring absurdity , 2 S 8 L tfP * ? itti * V n j « ment U P ° n ** yJk Sv Ltlf , J !' 1 ? ° ' is •«>* more exquisi-SdlnSh lha V- rerr y . t » e maker of tin pots rwJ ffi » ' dlscou j ^ ng u pon the comparative , legal attainments of Mr . Wiles , a Chancery SSI ev ' . f nd Mr llobinson ' solicitor and conveyancer of more than thirty years' standing

      wepiesent our readers with one sample . Mr . % S i . tlie , / b , lowiD « f 8 hort extwotVrom his m Igment what Mr . Perry having invited , now repu-£ Sn n e t 0 thi ,, k ' that ' questions arising between workmen and their employers equity and InSSm-n / 8 . ^ 1181 . " . . 10 ? 8 ! , s Gssential fc » a 9 o « n < l judgment , as legal quibbles and technicalities . He says : — iv . " u ) 8 P eaki "g now for myself , I do not admit tho legal error attributed to me . It may be presumptuous m mo give any opinion of mine contrary to that of Mr . Willes-ono of the most learned of men m the more abstruse departments of law ot which the profession can boast—but . justice is as much regulated by tho business , customs , and feelings of life , as by dry and dusty pleadings , and I do not see the difference between us "

      . To these temperate and unassuming remarks Mr . Perry has the excessive bad taste to offer some most absurd impertinences . Quoth Perry — " I apprehend I cannot be mistaken in " supposing that the sentences are desi gned to suggest the inference that Mr . Willes ' authority , in this instance , at least , is net entitled to greater weight than your own , because , forsooth , fans a mere « dry and dusty pleader , whilst you are endowed with superior knowledge of ' the business , customs , and feelings of life , and a superior aptitude for applying this knowledge . You certainly may be endowed with an extraordinary amount of knowledge of * business ' and ' customs' disconnected with your profession ; and you may havo infinitely more of

      Mackenzie s « Man of Feeling' than Mackintosh ' s man of law about you ; but I must confess that I am not a little astonished to find a lawyer contending tbat the members of the profession are more liable to fall into 'legal error' from being 'learned' in tho law—even to its most ' abstruse departments '—than from consulting the ' business , customs , and feelings of life ! ' I am willing , however , to rescue you from the dilemma in which you have placed yourself on these points , bv supposing that you meant to convey , by the above passage , that the branch of legal practice to which Mr . Willes ' eminent abilities are more particularly devoted is that of ' equit / cases ; whilst the point at issue is one of' common law' merely . But even

      this does not enable mo to perceive the justice of the comparison between yourself and Mr . Willes . I have always understood that your practice consisted of . conveyancing rather than common-law ; and at all events you will not , I think , deny that the gentleman who holds the office of legal adviser to ( ho local magistracy—the ' Magistrates ' Clerk , —has had infinitely mote experience in mere common-law practice than yourself , anil you are well aware that this gentleman concurs with Mr . Willes in charging you with ' legal error' in the matter , inasmuch as he bad very properly reasoned the point with you in open court . " Upon this rubbish wo have but one remark to make . The reference to that learned

      luminary" the magistrate ' s clerk "—is a fine sample of pathos in prose . We will just let our renders into the secret of Mr . Perry ' s profound admiration of that gentleman ' s extraordinary legal attainments . Mr . Bolton ( we believe that is tho name ) , was employed by Mr . Perry , professionally to draw up one of these forms of agreement . Mr . Bolton also , for a consideration , u the legal monitor to the local magistracy—many of whom , we believe , are profoundly deficient in that commodity . Indeed wo never heard that legal knowledge was a necessary qualification for the great unpaid . Mr . Parry , therefore , as in the case of Haines , brings a complaint which he knew would entirely

      turn upon the legal construction , to be placed upon an agreement , before a bench of his own personal friends—with some of whom he had extensive commercial dealings , and , fortunately , entirely innocent of any legal acquirements , to have the law ofthe case decided judicially by his own attorney , who , having performed that duty , proceeded , we suppose , to draw out the warrant of committment , in whieh , with all his common-law practice and experience , he contrived to inseit such an egregious , uneramatical blunder as , in tho opinion of Mr . Archibald , rendered it null and void as a legal instrument ; and , ns we are further advised , gives to Haines a ground of action for false imprisonment against the parties concerned in his most unjust incarceration .

      We shall not unnecessarily occupy tho space awarded us in the Star , by further examples of this man ' s disgusting impertinence to a magistrate and gentleman ; nor shall we waste a single word in complaints ofthe abuse so plentifully showered upon the London delegates . All this was to be expected from such a qunrter . The best proof that . we can offer of the soundness and equity of Mr . Robinson's judgment as to Perry ' s liability to pay the standaid wages of the town—that is the bookie the men even whom he holds under these agreements , is , that this last week he shrunk from having

      that point tried before the stipendiary and other magistrates , upon the merits , and sneaked out of court , behind a dirty legal quibble , and then advised , perhaps , by the magistrate ' s clerk , recognised the lato mayor ' s judgment , by paying to Haines and Lawley their demands for work they had performed ; those demands being tbe Book prices , which is thus established not only de jure but de facto . Itremains tobeseen whether the men , who are now under these bonds , will be such asses as to continue the recipients of tbe prices Mr . Perry has been paying , as he says ( most untruly ) , for the last eight

      years . If they do , they well and fully merit to be ground down to the dust , and to be chained to Perry ' s chariot wheels for the residue of their miserable existence . We have performed our mission . The Book is established for every tinman in Wolverhampton who has the courage or honesty to demand it . We shall only extract two more passages , which we think their importance justifies us in presenting to our members . "In your concluding remarks you declare that you have ' no sympathy with Chartistsand Trades ' Unions , and no idea that wages can be settled by such associations or such means . ' Why , then , have you lent assistance to such men , such unions ,

      and such means ? Why have you countenanced or recognised the first , given an impetus to the efforts of the second , and added a now ingredient to the third ? Por , in my instance , you have decidedly done all this . You have done more , indeed , than the Chartist delegates of the Trades' Union had asked of you , or than through their own means they could hope to accomplish . You have struck a gratuitous blow at the only safeguard against their machinations I possessed . You were assured , by me , that / desired nothing but protection against interference with my hired servantsagainst attempts to induce violations of existing contracts between me and my men ; and you were assured , by the delegates , that they did not seek

      to interfere with these contracts ; yet , in the very teeth of these assurances , you did precisely what both parti s had protested it was their wish should not be done : you attacked thecontracts and sought to invalidate them , or ( which is tho same thing in effect ) to give them a construction which conceded all the opposing party are contending for and I am resisting—viz ., prices oftheirown fixing . In words you assured me . of aid , whilst , in effect , you gave aid to my assailants . Your fiat amounted to neither more nor less than this ; and it might have saved you a great deal of trouble had you thus briefly worded it : — "You , Messrs ., the-Trades' Unionists , must not expect that I , as Mayor , approve of your demands , or will suffer Mr . Perry to be coerced into compliance with them ; and you , Mr . Perry ,

      may rest assured of receiving protection in your endeavours to resist these men by every legal means , and in fulfilment of theso declarations I hereby judge and ordain that you , Edward Perry , shall submit to tho conditions which they , the Trades' Unionists , alone seek to impose and you alone strive to resist—viz ., payment of their prices ! " . You are right , Mr . Perry , we have obtained all that we were contending lor , not an interference with your hired men , but a judgment which pronounces your vile contracts worthless , for the chief if not the only purpose for which they were formed , to servo you as the means of perpetuating your exactions from vour workmen ' s wages .

      With the following very striking paragraph we shall close our remarks upon this pamphlet , and we beg to recommend it to tho serious consideration of our members and tho working classes generally , as presenting the most powerful evi dence in favour ofthe National Association , from one who speaks from experience of its power and efficacy . In this instance we thank Mr . Perry tor his candour aud sincerity . ,, ' In bringing my remarks to a close , I would briefly anticipate some objections which may possibly be -raised to- the course I have taken . " Same readers of this letter may perhaps think that I' have carried my labours further than the imwaifcaoeo-of the occasion demaad , itmay , be possibly

      National Association Of _ United Trades....

      be said , —Mr . perry is alarming and troubling himsell unnecessaril y : the affair is only a strike after all , and there have been strikes before , and will bo again ; and this strike is like all Others , and must terminate similarly . ' To such readers I would respectfully submit that the present tinmen ' s' strike ' possesses features which previous strikes have not worn and which give it an importance that cannot do overrated ; inasmuch as it is not a strike originating with the men themselves , but one instigated and supported by an organised association drawing its resources from all parts of the kirnrdom , and avowing its ability and determination to " achieve an easy triumph , in all its future and never ceasing efforts to array labour against capital , if success attend its endeavours in this instance . " "We thank thee , Jew ; we have thee on the hip . " Change that word array for protect , and we accept this paragraph in its entirety .

      We have always said , that labour as well as capital has its duties as well as its ri ghts . We never have , and never shall , seek to array labour against capitil—our policy and our mission is to unite them . They are equally useful and necessary in the process of production ; but it is a violation of nil justice and common sense , that capital should be " clothed in purple and fine linen , and fare sumptuously every day , " while labour is required to rejoice with the crumbs which fall from those rich and proud men ' s table . Capital , as a distinct and separate institution in the social economy , is so only by accident . The monopoly of educational and political power has created it and maintain it in its position . Nature never ordained a Pariah class . It has been created by the artifice of

      governments , and can exist no longer than governments are a class monopoly . The working people are becoming awake to the knowledge of their position , the causes why it is so wretched a one , and the means , quietly and peacefully , though perhaps slowly , to extricate themselves from their bondage . Labour and capital should be united in the fullest sense of the term—as they invariabl y work together they should invariabl y live together . The labourer , as the creator , should also be the possessor ot the capital he creates ; and bo would have been so , but fiat he has keen kept in profound ignorance of his natural rightsby those who have monopolised the wells of learning . A « ain we reiterate those well worn axioms . " EnowJedge is Power—Union is

      Strength . " Give to labour a national unsectarian education j give to labour a national industrial organisation , and it shall be restored to perfect freedom , and that without injury or injustice anv class or party ; and this labour must , and will , achieve , by its . own efforts ; a mighty concentration of mind and means will substitute justice lor oppression , knowledge for ignorance , competency for poverty , virtue and happiness for crime and misery . We rejoice to know that agencies ara now at work which will pioneer labour to this g lorious future . The best intellect of England is now at work , quietly , it may be , but unremittingly , for labour ' s emancipation ; and we are proud to have the privilege of co-operating with our humble efforts in this holiest of crusades .

      Ah ! Mr . Perry , in your tin pot routine of life , with your small ambition and your large injustice , you cannot understand these things . You are profoundly ignorant ofthe hollowness of your position —upon what a very slender foundation it is based . The Times , an authority which upon this subject you'll not dare to impugn , some months back asked a very important question : — " What could be done with £ 500 , 000 a year , it being tho annual cost of out African Anti-Slave Trade fleet ? " Among a variety of useful and necessary things which this sum would accomplish were those , which we invite you to think npon . £ 500 , 000 per annum would send annually 50 , 000 of our surplus industrial population to the States of Canada . Or it would Home

      colonise 5 , 000 familiss on the waste lands of Great Britain—and this annually . Think of it , sir , for the working man is thinking of it . And what are the capabilities of labour to realise such an annual income ? One million of working men , subscribing three pence per week , just the price of one pint of bad Wolverhampton ale , would produce £ 12 , 500 per week , this , multiplied by fifty-two for the year , would give £ 050 , 000 . England has therefore no cause to fear the stupid bugbear—" surplus labour " —whenever she chooses to awake from her apathy . But it may bo said that one million is not to be readily obtained .. That is true . Give us a tenth Of the number , and Mr . Perry will never offer a reduction of wages to his tinmen , if they are members of such a labour league .

      What particular difficulty would there be for the Tinmen of Wolverhampton , for instance , to become their own masters . For such apurpose , a half-crown a week ( a sum considerably less than you havo been taking from them for years ) would be no immense sacrifice , and tbat small sum would give 300 men an annual income of £ 1 , 900 . With such an income we think they might soon rear an establishment what would throw yours into the shade . All this may sound to you , sir , and men like yeu , Utopian , but , sir , the day for the realisation of such plans approaches , as surely as tho Utopian conceptions of Watt , Pulton , and Arkwright have been realised . The signs of the times are sufficiently portentous to indicate the impossibility of things retaining for any long period their present anamolous position . The extremes of wealth and poverty cannot long co-exist . It were a libel upon the good and justice of God to suppose it .

      The proletarians ofthe whole civilised globe have become aware of their position ami its causes , and are sighing and planning for their deliverance . Let us press on , then , with our endeavours , and there is none of us so humble but may be a useful and necessary soldier in this glorious campaignnot against capital , but , against its injustice . William Peel , Secretary . 259 , Tottenham-court-road . WOLVERHAMPTON POLICE COURT .-Duc . 4 . tinmen ' s waoks .

      Magistrate * present : —J . Leigh , J . Tarnatt , Q . B . Thorneycrof ' t , and J , Underbill , Esqrs . Mr . Edward Perry , proprietor of the Jeddo Tinplate and Japan Manufactory , appeared to answer to a summons charging him with refusing to pay a certain sum of money alleged to be due as wages to John Lawley , a tin-plate worker in his employ . . Mr . Bartlctt , who appeared for the complainant , said he thought it right , with the view of anticipating remarks ' which Mr . Underbill ( who appeared for the defence ) might make , and which had been made on a previous occasion , to state at once thai he had been instructed by Messrs . Winters and Green , who were delegates from the Trades' Union Society , and he thought the workmen had just as much right to resort to them , as Mr , Perry had to employ Mr . Underbill himself , or Mr . George Wynn to write a pamphlet for him .

      Mr . Underbill said he objected to the course of observation Mr . Bartlett was pursuing . It had nothing to do with the case before them . Mr . Thorneycroft said he had bfen compelled to make some remarks on a previous occasion . He did so with regret ; hut he had to repeat that the Bench had nothing to do with the Trades' Union . Mr . Bartlett proceeded , and said th / it in August , 1 S 43 , John Lawley entered into a contract to vrork for Mr . Perry , as a tinman , according to certain prices specified in the agreement . Among the articles named were caddies , and for eight-ounce caddies he was to receive Is . GJ . per dozen ; for twelve-ounce 2 s . per duzen ; and for sixtcen-ounce caddies 2 s . CI . There was also a specified price for

      writing candlesticks . Lawley , soon after his agreement , made some caddies , and received for them the prices stated , but when ho took them in he told Mr . Perry the price was so low that ho could make nothing at tliem . He had subsequently made more caddies and had received for making them , according to a verbal agreement , 2 s ., 2 s . Oil ., and 3 s . per dozen respectively . In fact , after he made the first lot ho made no more at the price , but received the higher price , and the hig her price had also been paid to two other men , one of whom was since dead , and the other out of the way ; at least ho could not bo found . Within the last week or two the complainant had made more caddies , and Mr . Perry , having take % offence at his conduct , had refused to pay more than . the sum mentioned in the

      written agreement . The difference was 9 s ., and he ( Mr . Bartlctt ) contended that Mr . Perry , having waived the written agreement by his subsequent agreement , could not now turn round upon Lawley and resort to it . Lawley when he took his work out was not informed that there would be any change in the price ; and when he took it in naturally expected that ho would be paid the same amount as before ; hut he was answered "Oh no , there is tha old ; igrcement by which you agreed to make them at a less price . " Now he ( Mr . Bartlett ) could not put in tho substituted agreement because it was verbal , but the variance from the old agreement he should prove , and to the amount of the difference in price he should confidently contend his client was entitled .

      Mr . Tboknetckoft said the case must depend upon the agreement ; but such .- > n agreement did not bind either paity down that there should not be an alteration in wages ; they might be higher or lower , depending upon supply and demand , without reference to prices so far back as 1843 . Mr . Bartlett then called Lawley , who said he was in the employ of Mr . Edward Perry under a written contract . „ _ ,, ,, , Mr . Underhiix objected that as Mr . Bartlett and referred to tbe contract in his opening , and had examined tho witness upon the point it ought to be produced . > Mr . Bartlett : I cannot produce it ; you hive it . Mr . Underbill : Then you ouerht to have given notice to produce . The case , I apprehend , is at an endi

      A conversation followed in tbe courseof which Mr . Lbioh remarked that Mr . Underbill might accept notice , and proceed with tbe case . The Bench hardly liked to see such a course tatan as a matter

      National Association Of _ United Trades....

      of . defence , instead of proceeding on the merits . He had n ^ vef seen a case so taken . Mr ^ U ^ BRniLL said they were told they would be fought accruing to the strict letter of the law , and he acied accordingly . They ought not to bedamnified b ^ the neglect of their opponents . At msi FHus c * er such circumstances , a case would fall to the grouted . Mr . Bartlett rotijarked that these agreements wore never made in duplicate . Mr . Perry , consequently , held it as a kind of trustee . As the objection ( manifestly against the wishes of the Bench ) , was persisted in , it was arranged that the case should be adjourned , upon payment of 10 s . for complainant ' s witnesses , which Mr . Harriett said , as the neglect was his , he should pay from his own pocket .

      Another case was also adjourned upon the same objection , and payment of 5 s . for a witness— Wol verhampton Chronicle .

      Since the above case was heard , Lfiwley , out of fear of the threats made to him by E . Perry , has been induced to take the full amount churned by him , without again bringing it before the magisrates . Mr . Perry knowing full well that the ease would be against him , and also that his bad practices , and false statesments , would be exposed to the world , threatened , cajoled , and intimidated Lawleyf tbat unless he did certain things he " would squeezo him more than ho had done . " Lawley , fully understanding the word "squeeze , " said he was

      determined to get out of the clutches of a tyrant , who had , up to that period , held him as a slave . Mr . Bartlett , solicitor , who conducted the case made an application to the Bench this day , ( the 11 th , ) for the costs , but as Lawley had been induced to receive tho full amount , with 2 s . 6 d . for the loss of time , they cnuld not legally interfere , beyond this , tbat Mr , Perry must pay is . for the swearing of one witness . So altogether he desired to escape without a verdict being recorded against him ; he had the mortification to p ;\ y the Is ., which , was evidence of his guilt , and the justness of the case against him , T . Winters .

      Tbe Eastern Counties Railway, And Its La...

      TBE EASTERN COUNTIES RAILWAY , AND ITS LATE ENGINEMEN AND FIREMEN . A public meeting of the enginemen and Pircmea who left the employment of the Eastern Counties Railway , on a recent occasion , was held on Wednesday night , at tho George Inn , Stratford , Mr . Jolly in the chair . Tbe Chairman , in explaining the objects of this meeting , said they were there to expose the present conduct of the managers ofthe Eastern . Counties Railway Company , whose staff of engineers were , he contended , getting worse instead of better . The Chairman next proceeded to read a written statement , from which it appeared thatseveral accidents and delays had taken place on the line within the last few days . As regarded the

      trains laden with fish , which came in contact with others containing meat , let thern fancy what the consequences might be had it been a passenger train . The most awful consequences must have followed . The neeideiit to tho trucks was also * most serious one , inasmuch as they were laden with , corn , which was scattered about iu every direction , so that a great deal of property must have been destroyed . If any one present had any observations to malic he should have great pleasure in hearing him . It appeared to himself that the company ' s property was much injured under the present managementfor in one ' instance , as they no doubfc

      , recollected , a sum of £ 700 was lost , together with the cost of the corn which was injured , within th © last fortnight . He ( the Chairman ) had been informed that upwards of 100 men were engaged lately to repair damages , and boiler makers , and : fitters were , he believed , sent for , to all parts ofthe country to get employment . Where , then , was the 30 , 000 which was said would be saved under tho new system ? He did not know where it would stop , for to keep the line sroing now the establishment \ ras obliged to be doubled , " instead of effecting the great saving which was promised to the shareholders .

      The fatal number of accidents , many of them of a serious nature , ( tho whole of the details of which , were read to the meeting , ) amounted to eighteen , and the damage done was estimated at a very heavyamount , and shown to be most ruinous to the interests of the shareholders . Mr . Bbown , as a friend to the working classes , considered the men who composed that meeting an ill-used body , and be believed the directors of the Eastern Connties Railway would regret what had been done . He himself knew a case , where

      some friends of ais were coming up to spend Christmns with him , but thpy had informed him , that in consequence of what had happened , they would sooner crawl up to Loudon on their hands and knees than travel by thnt railway . The halfyearly meeting of the comprny was about being held , and he would suggest to his friends present that they should get up . meetings in every town along the line , and have petitions presented to the shareholders against the system of management which now prevailed .

      Mr . Jamus Monks observed , tbat with all tbe efforts made by the directors they could not keep the carriages or trucks together as I ad been done formerly . There was a man now employed to report at the London station the hours at which the . trains left , and when they arrived , but as to their nrrivnl , he believed it was an easy job , for in many instances they did not arrive-at all . —( A laugh ) Mr . Scott observed , that before the difference occurred between them and the company , the management at Norwich only cost £ 3 a week , whereas at the present moment it was at least £ 600 a year . That showed how the affairs of the companv were managed . After some statements as to the characters of individuals connected with the management of the company

      , ... The Chairman expressed his opinion that the difficulties of the company were only commencing during the winter months , when the weather would be unfavourable ; but he hoped that no accident would happen to individuals , for it was a pity that the innocent should suffer for the negligence or misconduct of the guilty . Mr . BnowNB recommended them , as Englishmen , not to be apathetic , but to spt-ak out their minds as freemen , and let the directors see what injuries thev had to complain of .

      Mr . Tatlek condemned the management of the present superintendent in very strong language , and asked where was the mechanical skill shown on the line , or the good he effected for the company , since he obtained the control ? With respect to tho hope expressed , that they would go in under such management , all he had to say was , that though he could not answer for aU present , he could for himself ; and he was most determined never to join the Eastern Connties Railway , or , indeed any railway , in which the individual to whom ho alluded would be connected . Mr . Browniull , in allusion to tho accident to tha goods train at the Ely Junction , showed how an experienced driver mipht havo remedied the original accident ofthe breaking off of a portion ofthe train , and have prevented the destruction of seven or eicht trucks and goods , to the value of £ 700 or

      £ 800 . . . t . . . Mr . J . Reece stated that it was almost impossible to ascertain the preciseamount of damage done ; the men at Norwich admitted , that they eare not give any information upon the subject . 1 c was quite evident that the Directors were aware of the extent to which fear had began to operate on the public mind . Gooch was endeavouring to entrap the men , by specious promises , to return io the line ; but he believed that they knew their own power ; and he would say for himself , and he believed he might say the same for all who were on strike , that they would

      never work under Mr . Goocb , cither on the Eastera or any other line . ( Hear , hear , and cheers . ) Mr . Monks said , that Mr . Gooch had sent handbills round to all the Locomotive Superintendents , desiring them not to give a . } ob to any of tie men , on strike . He was glad to state that this act ot meanness had not produced the desired effect . Ibo Superintendents knew the value ot good men , and would not be biassed by his representations . Mr , Cud worth , of the Dover line , was an exception to this rule , he had actually discharged two men for attending their meetings .

      Several other speakers addressed the meetings a manner which showed thnt their determination was at least equal to the obstinacy ofthe Directors . The Chairman , in concluding the business , slated , that however clever Mr . Gooch might be , he had , throughout the whole strike , displayed great want of generalship . The very fiiv-t day of his management he commenced discharging men by wholesale , without even making the necessary inquiry as to whether or no be was impairing the efficiency of the line ; men were fined for the most trivial causes ; fresh rules and regulations were introduced without giving tho men the slig htest notice ; and when disthis

      missed they could obtain no reason for it . Was fair treatment to men , who , during summer ' s heat and winter ' s cold , had been driving throug h tho atmosphere to promote the interest of the line . Was it not likely tbat their feelirg-s should bo exasperated , and that they should resent such cenauoc as a proper return for years of faithful «*™» - For his own part he would rather beg Ins bicad than longer subnit to it , ^ o ^ ^ felt in a similar mani ^ r , and that \ o / k termincd now as on t he first ^ ot t ) a . ma A vo eof hankswa then i c ^ ^ and to the strangers ana li i- » u » r i meeting dissolved .

      « „„«» Nationaii Cltabxeft Asb Social Kb...

      « „„«» NATIONAIi ClTABXEft ASB SOCIAL KB P UniS-S Committee of Observation met StbSK ^ eTening , and after the transaction of financial and other business , adjourned .

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Dec. 14, 1850, page 5, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_14121850/page/5/