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Northern Star (1837-1852), 14th June 1845, Edition 2 of 3, Page 1

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      For Foirim Mtlligtw

      for foirim mtlligtw

      Uxixed States. -Osa! -A>Ii Asfoeji Cosvs...

      UXIXED STATES . -osa ! -a > ii asFOEJi cosvssthw roa tee pcctose ^ pRftl ^' pHGAS ^ EK' " ^ ISBCST 3 UL COXCSES 3 . \ % Jvci'k ^ cnuoii met , pars-irat to tie call , at Cro-. "i , if ; , tke morning o : tae ath of May . There ! li ^ liirty pensons present as delegates from ! SSfe ^^ Kff " * A A 1 , ri ? f Boraj 5 l f ef 1 ; the National iieforai Association ; and 1 A ? . ai . i * A ? . iff . i ) OUitnieat of L . W . Ryckman , as chair-. {¦ a . ^ a ., U w ^ s resolve * tliat all persons who ' ¦ % V-Vtakej * * ^ ^ i , rocee ^ ins 3 of tlie Conw miif ' mhftt do so upon giving in their names to ^ ^ Evans , Bovay , P < . - v . , "Wilson , and Alla" - * af ' - ' it append a coffi ^ - - - * to nominate officers ! . tfparc ' rW ralesfor the Conation . , V , c P . vVc Parke Godwin , Ry . r . inaii , Bovay , Thorn-? "jadf"iid Moon were a ^ v- ^ ted a committee to ' ^ ICp ^ hifrH ? -

      , , > iW > ftuvcntiQii taea a ^ ourncd , to meet at two " fl-jfis ' ic 2 the committee imported tbe following genii 3 ; c ' -3- officers of the Convention : — ^ ] Vr JYarson , of New York , President . ' i X' i ilvcJauan , of Brook Farm ; Mm Speak-1 'ial' I'ialaJcSp Ma ; J . D . Tkornbnrgh , of Pittshurgh ; ' Ti" ti- ' aaweli , of Brooklyn ; Ransom Smith , of ; T » L " T » i . *«* Presidents . V-j « v-t eqnerier , of Buslwic-k , L . I . ; G . W . RobtTlf ^ Ifou ^ ajsbuTgk , Ta .: Dr . Newberry , of Sew ' <>{; . vtretories . ¦ vi ia ^ vi tifflusaiions were carried unanimously . r ^ s r ^ r ti ' oi'Wi-v , from the efflr . inittee en resolutions , * . l , '* . j a series of reaolciioas . Mr . Godwin sup-C , i il ^ i iLe resolutions by a few pertinent , though -r k- ' ^ t sacra ? remarks . lie said that the time had '¦ vL ^ VLeii men should meet together with an eye ' v ! ' > ! the good of all—not to bnild up this church

      ' is : ; as : cHcd , hut to establish a universal clmrch , - " . aci " -. Tic-sg ail . ^ d having for i ts object the elevation ' .. r . v . r . fallen humanity . And , although he might ¦ - . i- ;' .- ; . iltli the majority of the persons present , yet r " : > . , ri . ' . ' *? ire to a better state , and who strive * to ^ . s ^ iffte the condition of their fellow men , though ? i £ ig somewhat in creed , have sonic-tains in com-V ,. ; ' £ . Mlsszs , delegate from tlie Anti-Keaters of ,.. v .. ue county , was then introduced by the Presi' .. '__' .. ' __ My fellow citizens . I am a member of the '" , ' . ! i'fghis Society of Aiiduletown and Roxbmy , V ; Si-r ^ are county , and I assure you that the oc-* J- * J- . oi the inland connties sympatliise with you -a - « r 2 isat movement ; and that you niayunderof

      ^ ite peculiar news the equal rights men of ¦ vio , asd learn to sympatliise with them , it will ' ¦ $ ¦ i . rivilege , as their representative here , to cx-V- oni to you , and show hi bold relief the gricv' . uricr which they labour : they arc opposed ' -.- - •••« ent leasing svstera of this state , for it is a 1 "Yue old feudal ages , when the . few gTOUlld the . ; -:, the earth , withtue Iron heel of oppression ; . .. c-Jejnocfittic , for it places the tcaantry , _ who : ;; r . c- the great body of the population , entirely . lui-rcy of the landlord . For instance , suppose ' . >«? fellow , an honest and industrious tenant ' . s : \ er years of perserering industry , which had

      i- ' x die value of his farm , be prostrated on a lied ; . _ , « : „ or Ids land , by the visitation of Provi-:. fair to yield its annual supply , and he be un-. •;; - ^ hisient i what is the consequence ? Why ; c > -tid « aa te-anter , and the poor tenant lie ' .. I -jf && laboui' of years , for the improvements U the iand . This , however , is not the worst nViue ca * e , nor the one of which wc most comh I / elaware and some other counties , land is : - ;\ tenure diSering somewhat from the ordii ; I-, eounaouly called the one generation lease . m- l-fecs arc reserved to the iiroprictois of the \ ' : i-iiscs and mining privileges , . ill mill seats

      i £ j i-jJvilcgeS which mar he upon the sou ; c-on--J . ' a . rf a former who holds one of these leases j 2- « rtunate as to discover upon his farm a iniwe . ^ k « a j « ti « 2 , his faraiiaay be riddled tloough _ . ; , )¦ , «!! ;> y roads to Sic mine if it suits the land-// . riheposr tenant has no redress ; another .. / o' third of flie sale money of the farm imisiLis sausi be given to the landlord—let iae -i : if a tenant ' s lease is rmespired and he a , i ¦ . hstau-e , to move west , he may , upon :. ; i licnuissioj * , under seal from his landlord , ai ~; e reuiakdcr of Lis lease to another , and ixs liis improTemcnis , but the landlord : ¦•< - ¦ terms of the liase is entitled to

      one' .- mouev for such improvements . I womd , vwark ' here , that all the leases do not say [ ;« a-t , some say one-fourth , one-Sith , and so aaa u ? , the terms are these—twenty bushels vj tUc landlord per onehundred acres of land , « egress all mines . millscat } , fcc . with & uf-. laoontthem ; andone-lhutiot'thtt puvchase-••• tlic tenant ' s hnnroveiaents—aii to the -. o-dfor all this the tenant has kind per-¦ ) 12 \ the soUand hreathc t ae aiv of heaven . ; -d voa know the ai-nancnts thciasuUords -i ihe v are asked if it is not unjust to crush ; « w men to the earth in this way ? You p . iv , because vou agreed to pay , and because r , av ; tlusis what they say , and whea the

      • r .- ~ , the land reverts to his lord , the owner , ¦ . lifti-titiajus , the deni ' wracy <> f « ld Delaware v-: t ;^ iLied that the laud there shall never ; -. ' . eiacdlord without consideration . ( Cheers . ) , ; * . at i ) articalar purpose & o Delaware Equal - >* : ie ^ r was founded . I have never hawed the iJ a Tn-bilegcd elaos of men , aad I Bftver Pi ^ Jaadlords are a privileged class . In -: > an he is las own witness in swearing out a " * --ak forrent , and if thepufi' tenant believes . - • 'Vds onght to collect their debts like other l- hn- m reniedv but to replevin , and tans ¦ ¦ ¦ - ¦ sfterlongde lavandmueh expense , comes "Vr-t t « sie before * ajurv , who then decide , « ' ;¦ v « a- after the teaant ' has paid the money ' ixvbedae , if the landlord was wanaatedia " ' •• - + Thcv have precedence oi all otftcr -T : \ tf 4 ifafis : ftr instance , and f wil ! suppose i - ' case—a tenant borrows of 2 neighbour a

      ¦ i 1 : m ? v ; this neighbor , desirous of assisting ins - v aa-i vet' wishing to secure , iiiaieit , tascs a - .:,-, fyV thcamount on the goods and chatte l s of '•• rw ^ i—nehas it recorded wgiilaviy , ? . iuitiU « i ; s mi-:: !; ut noj inamontttit , in the ^ rinKlmg . of e . 'Vsii comes the lan-ilord , iise a Ibwk , wjm « i is ' n c for rent in his uoeiV-t , and sweeps au away « s . OTNOiC a tenant djitows 0 : ' a neighbour some iiiiim & nwnfa touscfea few davs ; woe lataJe : dl W poor neighbour * i'louglt ; li an landlord sicvecutionagainsthun that omnipotent mstrii-= ( 8 ver * a " , and awav they go to samks . ihe % « i fck-v pretty fcutafally one comraanament , to i > k jKw ' ivplemsh the caith , but they txc entirely iii . 1 ? the other—to get their bread by tne sweat ^ irl'rans . Thev think the tenantiy can keep : ( vMKiandment * for them . The tenantry of < = % arehonorable men , and they would not ask ' > ' ^ rctiievconsiderwroB ? , and yet their minds *! k iui .: le up toahide bv the principle oi anti-rent

      z * z $ * j & and evil report . . - r Ku-skix , of Brook Farm , then addressed the ii He said fliafcfeom a careful investigation Realties which God has bestowed upon man , iistaraeitv for happb *« s he had arrived at tke -aaea that all file misery vfhita ve see ana ^ iaav occur , arfees s-. Ieiy from oteiractions i krtvreeu tJie material elru . eiits anu :.:.: u . Our « r 01 calculated topro : .. cteir : ^ nor . oif ; i ^; ^* i » l and amscqnentiy u- ^ us ^ Ihe same r ™ - 'SUiouopolv , force ai-. dii-aui ! . -sIkiv . caaara ^ i-iae Brithh gc ^ rnmeiit , cLai ^ im * mr own . 0 m crleat . The great cnl api ^ r .: 10 oe taat £ fc ? i the productive das : C 3 . arc in a tnousand Mfc > . ; sad inmoverished without adequate

      reitioa . Thev arenottaxed , as it were , directly , ^ -cumulated machinery and ac cnmuJatea vhieh crush the very form ofhumamtyout k- »^ £ ^ classes , and it Fiecomes usnowt-j stand t « . e n'dit . Wc have t o orgwiise & r a rcvoluvuliar , in its character , and our means must ¦ Jijp . A plan for aa Industrial Confess 1 will : 'fced to vou in the course ot trie deliberations cWvention , which , Itrust , mnmectthc views It car plans for the melioration of man suc-» -e win want no custom-house , no navi" , no - *¦ : u'v ? « ach thing—all rueu wih be kma , « S >« d « ood , and evcrvthisi lie blessedness - - -. \ Tc w « uM repeal all 2 f »^ ralisat : oa laws , - - -f tie c-Jecfive franchise depend nson no

      use-~ ^ -i ::-. lie who could prove that lie was use-. i ' - ' - !"• : •/;« 1 , : r . 5 * i , t rote , and none oihera . ' : - ' "& ., the editor of Tovavi America , then ad" « " < liteeting . After sanng that , as almost : ' - >•' . « some favourite reform , it would be ne-? - '/ k aide ? to effect anvfliing , to < hse ™ s H . > ' Ms fairiv . and endeavour , as mucii as posi-• • ° -3 wt each other ' s views , and then decide what - . - - anv , could be carried to the l » a 31 ;> t-box . _ lie /^'• ieAsiianal Reform dissociation maistaiacd .- " F ' = « - ; jlon of the puhlie domain by the people ;^ :, : " -aa ' , ' e fofhe national prosperity and glory , ';¦ ' ?¦ tottm- out this plan of salvation , they ? " : ^? , «^ i 3 of Congress thoroughly imprcg j' ^ i ^ tie twetrise . , «^ c ; : j '« , delegate frost the Social Reform So"•'• l - * - a-JJrcssed the delegates .

      J , , T EVEXTSC SESStOX-. ; ,:.. ^ * as deUvei-ed bv Parke Godwin , on tuc £ * - « labour . i r * , ** SEd cajjie ^ that Brisbane , L . W . Ryek i \!? V *^ A . G . Rudolph , F . C . Kwd" ^* . ; r- iuiia , be a committee on an Industrial T & lsisa carried , that Wm . H . Channing , Geo c "iT n ik M <» n , G . W . Rohbins , Parke God--V % . ""^ Fo ter » ^ a CO 1015 * 11 ** 6 t 0 V 1 ^ 31 •^ nifti tlU aesl jaondeg at tec © 'cloth . % , » , . 5 EC 0 XD DAT . , . . i t "saK 5 esioa was cofi 5 ™ ^ ^ desultory . ^* «« oon , the President in the chair , the Tv ? t ™ " ^ were offered by Mr . Ryckman : — ¦ ¦ JaV ^ 5 ConTention gratefully , deeply , aad earnestly vVU suMime resolve of the Lowell Convention

      Uxixed States. -Osa! -A>Ii Asfoeji Cosvs...

      mfavoTc o . the institution of an Industrial Comics of the Fmtoa State , beHwfag tl » at way Heart that claims a better future for humanity % vill receive it as v . e do as a certain indication that the way is discovered , the ' hour almost armed , and the man now living , who , as the exponent of the sentiment of the American people , shall eradicate the principles of monopoly , force , and fraud from all our political institutions , and establish them upon the eternal foundation of truth and justice . That « re wiii , to the utmost of our abilitv , aid such measures as may he adopted to carry into full effect said resolution of the Lowell Convention , pledging our to the

      alleghsee proposed Industrial Government , protided that the constitution , under which it shall oe organised , shall be universal In its philanthropy , Christian in its aioralitv , ac < I democratic in its policy . * After some remarks from Mr . Ryckman in support of the resolutions , they were adopted unanimously , and the Convention adjourned to meet in the evening at half-past seven o ' clock . The Convention met accordingly , and the following resolutions reported bv Ik . Godwin vesterday after some debate , were adopted : — That we recognise the doctrine of the inherent dignitv of man , and his capaliility of infinite progress , as a iuudamsntal basis of all true efforts at reform .

      That the evils which oppress the working classes are not somuch the result of individual selfishness or perversity as of the wrong constitution of societv , and that it is the highest "interest as well as the duty of all men to inquire as to the best means of perfecting the social organisation . That the existing form of civilisation has been wrought out by the slow and toilsome labour of an enslaved and degraded race , and that from the outset of humanity upon this earth until the present slavery lias existed , though constantly changing its form , and that such are the inevitable tendencies of modern society at this moment that the many are more and more subjected to the few .

      That the equality of men before society and the State is the theory of the institutions of this country , hut that this equality has never yet been realised , and is removing more and more from a condition of realisation , and so long as ti > e masses continue in their existing state of separation , incoherence , and antagonism , there will be no eml to the perpetuity of human bondage . That every man ,. by the fact that he is born into the world , is endowed with certain inalienable rights , among which are the right to life , and under the law , " do unto others as ye would they should do to you , " to the unrestricted use of his liberty , a right to the use of the material elements necessary to the support of life , and a right to the complete and integral development of all his faculties , physical , intellectual , and moral .

      That the right of mankind to the son is evident from the Scriptures , from the nature of man , from his inability to exist without it , and from the deleterious eifects which eighteen centuries of wrong have shown to be the result of societies which do not recognise this right , and that we consider the great failure of governments to provide for the wants of all their citizens to have originated mainly in their neglect to guarantee to the race , generally , their rights to the land . Mr . Bovay then oflered a resolution , stating in eftecj that as National Reformers they would use the prin * cHlai agent of the State , the ballot box , as a means of effecting elevation and progress . Mr . Bovay said that the National Reform Association was political in its character , and in order that this association may co-operate with others , it must resort to the ballot box .

      Mr . BmsBAXE , the apostle of Association , was then introduced by the President , and spoke nearly as Mows : —This is a Convention called to raise the working classes , who now claim a chance beneath God ' s sun to assert thou- inherent dignity . When a movement is commenced it behoves men to know of what they are talking , to understand fully the nature of their grievances , and seek for an intelligent mode of reform . What do the labouring classes want ? They want justice eternal , everlasting justice , and nothing else . They desire happiness and intelligence , to emerge from their present degraded state to the position which God has destined they should occupy . What is the error we have to strike down ? False politics aud OHc-sidcd legislation , that it is ; and that

      jackal ! , the law , the minister ot the error , which is crusliing the toiling millions . ( Cheers . ) Ifith hellish impiety the myrmidons of evil call on God to bless and " sanctify—the pale-faced hypocrites!—ihe very means which they use to knead down the blood aud bones of their Mon-men . There are in the United States two thousand presses , controlled by commerce , politics , and the law , which have but one object and aim—to deceive the millions ; and it is no wonder that the working men are so blinded to their own good when thsy receive as gospel , day after day , the doctrines and assertions of their bitterest enemies . There is another thing which the toiling mifescs have to contend with ; it is the commercial and industrial feudalism which is forming , and

      which will absorb all things—the soil , the workshops , and even the implements of industry . Wc see this state of things ranking rapid strides in England , where the mechanic works from fourteen to sixteen hours an'av , locked up ia a room where even the windows are closed , that the light of day may not enter . In Lowell wc rcc it , where six thousand girls , the daughters of frmnen , arc sweating out their live =, that a few rich pious Boston gentlemen ra ; iy amass fortunes . Wc sec in all this a feudalism like that of the dark ages . Wealth is the god of ow day , and its aeqiiisltion the cliief end of life . All are striving for it ,- and in the straggle soeiefris torn andconrdiscd-seiiish , narrow , and fiendish jeebngs engendered—for the motto of all is , " Ihe devil take

      * he hindmost ; " aud , instead of a heavenly harmony making it " a luxury to be , " jarring discord sows disunion and misery into the hearts of all . 2 * ow , what is to done ? We must organise to stop the progress of this feudalism , and that is the only true method . Aeain : free competition , or false envious rivalry , is another great obstacle of social and political advancement . It separates the labouring classes from each other , sets trade against trsoVand paves the way for the utter subversion of every kindly aud benevolent feeling . It arrays the famished artisan of one land against the starring operative of another—it prolongs the hours of labour—it cuts down the price of industrial products , and will brin" down the working man of our

      owncountry to the level of the European serf . Monopolised machinery , a terrible engine of oppression , is vet another impediment to progress . It wars with the fearful energy of iron and brass with the bones and sinews of labouring men . The present false and outrageous svsteni of commerce is the bloodsucker of industry . ( Cheers . ) The merchauts arc nothing more or less iaau the vampires extracting from the producing classes at lease one half of the products ol then-labour . Cominerecalsoadultcratcs thcarticlesof consumption—poisons them as they pass through her hands , and bv the three of monopoly creates at will plenty or scarcity in the land . The seourgers of the world in our day are mi kings and priests , as in the olden time , ' but the merchant and the broker

      The fourth great principle with which we have to contend is the divorce of labour and capital : they arc twin brothers , and should be united . Capital is only the accumulated products of past labour , and the labour of the past and present should be brought into co-operation . This unnatural divorce produces , like other evil principles , hatred and sorrow in society ; but what dees the capitalist cave so long as flca * - cmnnlates the ahnhrhry dollar . He will lay deliberate p lans to murder his iellow beings with lingering tortdiH bv building dungeons , types of the christian ' s hell , " where every foul disease is engendered , for them to work in—where life is ground out oi humanitv amidst the jar and crash of machinery . And while thecapitalht lives in a luxurious palace .

      with even-thing about him that can satisfy the most fastidious taste , the ; , oor operative crawls to his unhealthy hovel , after a hard day ' s work , to rest lor a few hours his aching head , with nothing to console him or make him take heart . To him life is a wearvload ; mid were it not for his pale , sickly wife , and punv , half-famished progeny , he would long to be where the wi cked cease from troubling , and the wearv are at rest . Bat there is siin another great principle which rears its evil front between the workm » classe 5 andtheirredemp tiou-itrsrfflw % / r f « twH . Legislation is in the hands of a privileged icw-the merchant , the politician , and the lawyer ; and they combined , control almost everv press 111 Hie United States . The lawvcrs-quibbirng , narrow-mmded lawyers-are all that is bad . And so much the SaVes of precedent are they that they W out hell , because the Constitution says so Je must take out of their hands the legislation of the

      countrv , and put it into the hands of productive industry : ' ( Checrs . 1 The Boston Pharisees make their hands work fourteen hours a day , and a lter exacting this , go to church and bless God therare Uct as other men . A savage in the American « rness , ferocious as he appears , would not do it . ( oncers . / When I was in Lowell , and saw the nale , sorrowiui eirl bending wearily over her task , I thought 1 www ffirgoto the hell the Christians tell of than work there AM of what are called ihe great men ot this countrv-Clav , Webster , Calhoun , Van Vurcu , & c .--su pport these iniquitous principles , and themultitnae W donn to the might of their intellect . Now , what have we to oppose to these evil principles < _ wenus oppose to false competition and envious rivalry , cooperation and combination among the working . classes . Without this there is no union-no brotherhood among the labouriug many . The next great prm-

      Uxixed States. -Osa! -A>Ii Asfoeji Cosvs...

      « p ; e much we must array asdnst the progress of cww a anion of labour and capital , and the possession ot the so ; l and machinery by the working classes . It they are not the . masters of it thev imist be its slaves . It labour and capital is united , the industrious class can fix the hours of labour , and demand lor _ it a ^ . remunerating price ; but if they are not united , then the working men must be prepared to submit to a tyranny which is move despotic and cruel in its nature than that of the dark ages . The third important principle which should be incnlsatcd into the mmd of tho working classes , is equal chances for all—for moral , social , and intullQctual improvement and the next two cardinal doctrines arc tho rights to labour and to the soil ; these arc the fundamental

      rigots , because they are the rights of existence . ( Cheers . ) God made the world , and all that is therein , and no man , or set of men , has a right to monopolise it ; and tor men to say and preach that thev have a right to hold property is a most gigantic fraud , and it \ s that J ™ " "' is reduced the working classes'to ' sevf" ? - . ¦ " !? fifth and last great principle is "the right ot legislation based upon the . interests of production . I he present politics of the day must be destroyed , and wc must rear upon its rums a beautiful superstructure of true , just , and wise legislation . ( Cheers . ) Ihe question now arises—how can wc earrv out our objects ? The ballot-box is a primary means , and then we must establish presses . The press of this country is almost omnipotent , and we must endeavour to secure such an influence in it as will enable us to disseminate eflcelh-ely our principles . The

      spheres of agriculture , commerce , and manufactures are open to us , and wc can do much to advance our cause ifweusethem judiciously to that end . The existing system of polities is the groat prostitute of the nineteenth century . My soul is sick with the eternal whine and cant of cvery-day politicians , and ij ' you wish to succeed in your endeavours you must nrst of all cut loose from them , and establish for yourselves an Industrial Congress . ( Tremendous applausc j ) This Congress will have for its object the good of all , the cause of universal justizc ; it will also serve as a head , a rallying point for the working classes . It will , in a word , be the living law of the masses . Mr . Brisbane then advised an adjournment of all questions for the disposition of the Industrial Congress when assembled , which would reconcile all differences and harmonise all discordant views .

      THinn DAY . The Convention met , pursuant to adjournment , at two o ' clock , p . m ., Mr . Ryckman , first Vice President in the chair . After considerable discussion on ihe subject of an Industrial Congress , the following resolutions were adopted : — That the resolution passed yesterday to appoint a committee of correspondence be reconsidered . That a committee of seven he appointed to carry out the views of the Convention in regard to an Industrial Congress , which committee are instructed to urge upon others interested in this movement the necessity of calling a preliminary Convention , to be held in the city of Albany , August next 1813 , but that , as our object is unanimity , ' if it is found impracticable to call the Convention then and there , the committee be allowed a discretion to consult with other similar !} appointed committees as to the time and place of holding such Convention , and the mode in which it shall he called , and the manner of appointing delegates .

      That Messrs . Parke Godwin , George H . Evans , A . E . Bovay , Hanson Smith , Benjamin J . Tiinms , William 11 . Ciiaiinhig , and Albert Gilbert , be the said committee . That the following gentlemen be requested- to correspond and co-operate with the aforesaid committee in executing the views of this Convention , and that they be particularly urged to agitate this subject ia their Vivians localities in order to excite a general interest , audjH-ocurc as large an attendance at the Frolimtaary Convention as possible : —Parke Godwin , Kcw \' ovk City ; A , S , "Wright , Boston , Mass . ; L . AV . Ryckman , Brook Parm , Mass . ; A , Brisbane , Kew York City ; Thomas A . Dcvyr , Albany , N . T . ; . lohii Speakman , Philadelphia , Pa . ; Charles A . Bawa , Brook Pavm , Mass . ; 3 . C . Jackson , Albany , K . Y . ; James Boyle , Northampton , Mass .: John Mailcy , Lynn , Mass . ; Thomas Almy , FaU Kiver , Mass . ; W . S . "Wait , Greuville , Bond Co ., 111 . ; J . "W . Joraleman , Newark , N , J . ; George B . McFarlaue , Hollidaysburgh , Pa .: A . B . Stevensou , Pittsburgh , Pa . ; Francis C . Ereadwell , Brooklyn ,

      . V . V . ; Akin E . Bovay , New York City ; Geo . "W . Allen , Columbus , Oiiio ; Hugh Garland , Ya . ; Arnold Buffum , New York Ciry ; P . Lee , Uaffalo , N . Y , ; Thcoplnlus Fisk , Washington ; A . F . Cunningham , Virginia ; John White , Ohio ; John S , IVilh ' anis , Ohio ; F . Grant , Ohio ; Alonzo 31 . Watson , Watertown , N . Y . ; William Scott , Fromiseweil Community , l'a . ; Gerrit Smith , Peterboro' , N . Y . ; John D . V . 'ilkins , Louisiana ; Thomas W . Whitley , Keniucly ; J . C . ABahen , Delaware Co ., N . Y .: Cassius M . Clay , Kentucky . ; Jehu A . Coilh . s , Slseneatclas , N . Y . ; Gvorge "W . Showard , Eastern Shore , lid . ; Benjamin "White , M . C , Freedom , lie . ; Mr . Gordon , M . C , Delhi , I * elawave Co ., N . Y . ; Marshall Pierce , Saco , Maine ; J . Oilman , Augusta , Maine ; "Warren Butcher , TV . Bennington , Vermont-, ltev . Mr . Baku , lthode Island ; Ellis SmaUcy , Plahineld , N . J . ; Horace Greeley , New York City ; OsbornMacdaniel , Sew York City ; U . 11 . Schetterly , iijphadelphia , Michigan ; Ira Tiliotson , Marshall Calhoun Co ., Michigan .

      EVF . N 1 XG SESSION . Mr . Cuaxxixo adverted to the present degraded condition of the working classes . lie considered it indicative of a radical defect in the order of things . Here , said he , in this land , where we boast of free institutions—of our democratic principles , we are the veriest slaves . Even the poor slave of the south , down-trodden and degraded as he is , is bettor off than we of the north . 31 r . Ckaujihuj then went on to say that he considered it the privilege and the duty of man , with all his energy of usefulness to acquire wealth—that is , to acquire what is really good and useful ; and that as he accumulates wealth , he is healthy , morally and physically . In the increase of wealth is the increase of health . As a man obtains

      wealth he also improves his mind . Jn this city there arc men , women , and ckildren ^ whodnvve no chance of getting wealth—no chance of being happy . K they do produce , they see it flying away from them . — the drones of society take from them the result of their labour—they have neither honour nor . profit . They know that they laboured and toiled ; and when they seek the products of their industry , it eludes their grasp , vanishing like a dream away . As society is constituted , working men are but weapons , merchanised automatons , in the hands of others . The reason why some are , and some are not wealthy , is owing entirely to the chances not being equal . Take , for instance , a man nurtured in poverty , and he must almost necessarily , from the nature of things , be poor .

      There are some who cry out " education , education ;" it is a mocking cry . A man cannot carry his spiritual existence along with his material ; he cannot educate while he has to ded long days and nights for a bare subsistence . Mr . Channing then proceeded to state that he went with tiie association , heart- and hand , in the distribution of the public lands among the people , and gave his views of what a township should he , if ' the association should succeed in effecting their object . Ih the first place , everything should be in common—that is to say , belong to the township . The township should partition off the lauds , direct how they should be used in regard to the rotation of crops , & c ., and who should occupy them . The products of common industry to be divided , and given to each person as they were useful , and according to their intelligence , & c . All have an equal chance of obtaining a sound , moral , and intellectual education .

      Every man to have a right to claim , and his claim granted to the position hi society which he deserves , and for which he is fitted—the township to make all transfers , & c , when necessary , with other townships —in short , to he the merchant . Mr . Channing then promised his allegiance to the Industrial Congress when formed , but stated that a National Congress would not suffice ; we must have State , County , and Township Industrial Councils , in addition , wherein every trade should be fully aud faithfully represented , lie advised the trades to organise , and combine their iniuienee , and also have such an arrangement as to know the position which every man , woman , and chUd , connected with the trades , occupied . lie proceeded to suggest a plan for a labour exchange , and advised a system of mutual assurance and lite insurance , which were received very favourably by the audience .

      Mr . Tlmms then suggested that Mr . Owen , who was present , be invited to r .-Jdress the Convention . Mr . Evaxs stated that J . would verv gladly listen to Mr . Owen , but 3 fr . ('•¦ f . ns , of Sk aneatles , who was present , had been invii .- ! toaddrcssthe meeting . Mr . Cotuxs . was then tJied for by the meeting , and in the course of his remarks , which were general in their nature , gave his assent , and promised his support to the National Reform Association . Air . Owes , amid vociferous cheering , then took the stand , and briefly addressed the meeting . Mr . Evaxs followed , after which the Convention adjourned sine die .

      SWEDEN . "Wegive , as follows , horn , the Stockholm journals , the speech of the K ' m ; j Of Sweden Oh dosing tho Diet :-" Gentlemen , when you arrived at this Diet I greeted you with an entire confidence in . vour patriotic intentions and your attachment to me and mv fansily . ft 5 s with the same sentiments , the cordiality of which has been increased by gratitude , that I to-day bid you farewell , restoring you to your p rivate occupations , which have for so long a time given way to the duties of the public good . Several reso-

      Uxixed States. -Osa! -A>Ii Asfoeji Cosvs...

      lutions of sunerior importance have been adopted during the tinu ^ tiint we have laboured together , for the glory and Jf Appiness of our beloved country .. ; I your conscientior ' . deliberations have iiofcalways sue . cccded in conciliating opposing opinions , we ^ o ' iiglit not to-lose sight of the fact , that rarelv -liar ah assembly of tho States , restricted to the % jdM 0 tibn of time , embvajfed questions so ' -gwye ^ fem « elv 4 ^ and possessing ^ strong an influence © S ^ ferelfi .-tions' of social # ght . The complicate « l ' -5 lfihir 3 . 'ithat you have had to' examine scarcely nlloweuWcOnBlleto solution to be gfifcn to all ; but what'ffic ' . pl ^ h' fc . hns refused us , will " ,: with the aid of tho'"Alittighty , be soon effected iu . tltf future . Wila ^ cach ^ EyoU- is going to fulfil inf our pmato ^ TOle the dtitiess-luelv

      l'rovictence nasfioniulc d to yon , I-shall devote-all ntf solicitude to thevaincIiortitions ' Whicltr our , -social qoridition may demand , in the - ' firm conviction , -that when I shall convoke you-agaih you Anil 1 continue- on your side to proceed in tlie path leading to the public good , and which , in order to be the means of . producing a calm and enlightened 'improvement , ought . also to be marked by union and mutual confidence .. - ; . The question of a modification , of the representative system has given birth to serious discussions .- : Tlic iinportance . and gravity of tlie matter explain satisfactorily the difficulty of conciliating opinions divided , not as to the necessity , but as , to the nature of , ihe change . In order to resolve , in the interest of the country , this grand problem , it becomes necessary to make reciprocal concessions . The States

      General , I am persuaded , will be able to discover , in the patriotism faith which they are animated , the means of satHrVrog tho wishes of the nation in this respect . In the course of the session I presented y 011 witha bill for a new penal code , aud another relative to prisons . Although you have not had time to complete a profound examination of these matters in detail you have , however , adopted principles of a penal system . uniting to the severity which public safety demands the consideration which the elevated precepts of religion and humanitv call for in favour of tho dignity of man . You have by this decision laid the basis of the ulterior labour which you will have to discuss at your next coining together , and on which I shall then present to yoifa new proposition . In placing before you the budget of receipts and expenses , I

      thought it my duty , gentlemen , to call your attention to the necessity ot employing th <; means that could be disposed of in grants for public instruction , science , and the fine arts , for regularising our system of defence , and executing public works to further agriculture and manufactures . Your decisions prove in a satisfactory manner how you have appreciated the constant object of my solicitude—the glory and prosperity of my country . I have been informed of your deliberations to guarantee the solidity of the national bank , and the maintenance of the value of the monetary tokens of the'kingdom . I shall follow with all the attention that the gravity of the subject merits the results of your measures in this respect . The successive augmentation of the indirect revenues of the state , testifying an extension in the commercial

      movement and a progressive improvement in the interior , has enabled the present Diet to effect a reduction in the personal taxes . By employing these unforeseen resources in favour of primary instruction , you have again proved your zeal for all that can contribute to the progrcssV enlightenment and morality . At the opening of this session , I informed you , gentlemen , of the resolution which I had conic to , ia concert with a neighbouring monarch and ally , not to pay any longer the annual tribute which tor upwards of a century the kingdoms at present united had given for tke protection of their commerce and fhp ' n- navigation , to one of the states on tho northern

      coast of Africa . Negotiations entered in for tins object , and which have found a powerful support in the friendly mediation of England anil France , have just been crowned with success . An arrangement with the Emperor of Morocco concluded on the 5 th of last April , by plenipotentiaries reciprocally appointed for . the purposo jjj has established , from the date of tlie" convention being signed , tlie abolition of that annuity . In virtue of paragraph 100 of tho constitution , 1 declare your present session closed . In imploring the Divine goodness to pour over our country his heavenly blessing , I renew to you , gentlemen , the assurance of all my Royal benevolence .

      _ And National : Mara^' Ini Irnat,-/

      _ AND NATIONAL : mAra ^ ' ini iRNAT ,- /

      Tol Jmi M. 396. London, Saturday, June 1...

      TOL jmi m . 396 . LONDON , SATURDAY , JUNE 14 1845 * RM 3 E ™* *^ rZ — - r U 1 - A ^ » -iu < ± t / . Fh , c ghiinngg nMd sixpence l ) ci . Quarter

      &Ra&Ei&Gt; , Ihofcementsi

      & ra & ei > IHofcementsi

      The Ten Hours' Bill. Important R>R.Lhgat...

      THE TEN HOURS' BILL . IMPORTANT r > r . LHGATE MEETING . ( from « Correspondent ) On Sunday last . 1 numerous meeting of delegates from the various manufacturing districts of Lancashire and Yorkshire was held at the . York Hotel , in Todmorden , to promote the passing of the Ten Hours' Bill . Todmorden was selected on account of its central situation , being about equal distance froni the factory districts of both counties . There were thirt y-one delegates present from the towns of Manchester , Bury , Bolton , Chorley , Preston , Oldham , Lees , Rochdale , Chowbcnt , Astleybvidge , Todmorden , Leeds , Bradford , Huddersfiold , Keighlcy , Dewsbury , Ac , & e . Several other towns were represented bv

      letter . Mr . Samuel IJaworth , cofton-spinner , of Bolton , was unanimously called on to preside . The Chairman , in opening the proceedings , expressed bis regret that the operatives were compelled by circumstances , oyer which tliey had no control , to hold their meetings on Sundays . He did not think It- would be necessary to call on cacli delegate to lay before the meeting the sentiments of the operatives in the various localities . There was no difference of opinion amongst them ; but , at tho same tunc , he thought it would bo desirable for tlie delegates from the Central Short-time Committees of Lancashire aud Yorkshire to give a brief account of the position of the question , and the progress it had made since they last met . It would also be

      necessary for the meeting seriously to consider whether it was advisable tbv them to ask Lord Ashley to bring the question forward this session . For his own part he thought not . Mr . Paul Hargraves , the delegate from the Lancashire Committee , thou entered into a detail of their proceedings , from which it appeared that since the opening of the present session they had collected a considerable sum of money from the operatives , which they had expended in circulating publications explaining the progress which was making , more especially in reference to those masters in Preston , Bolton , and other places , who had adopted the system of working eleven horn's a day instead of twelve , without any dimimition of

      their wages , the profits of the masters , or the quantity of work produced , whilst the quality was much improved . The opposition to the Ten Hours' Bill in Lancashire was every day becoming less violent , and he hoped the day was not distant when he and his colleagues would be joined by the manufacturers to cany the measure to a successful termination , and thereby be relieved from the arduous duties which the advocacy of the question involved . lie was authorised to state that it was tho unanimous opinion of tho committee that the introduction of the bill into Parliament this session was , from the very first day of the opening , surrounded with so many difficulties , that there was no prospect of bringing it forward with any chance of success .

      Mr . Pitman , from the Bradford Committee , thought the measure should have been introduced in the present session , and hoped Lord Ashley would not fail to bring the measure before Parliament in some hapes this year . The delegate from Huddersfiekl was glad to have it in his power to report that four firms in that neighbourhood had adopted the eleven hours' system with success . In some instances the hands ' were getting two shillings a week more for eleven hours than they nad been for working twelve . The firms to which he alluded were Messrs . Starkey and Co ., Brooks , Armettage , and Brooks . Those four firms employed more than three-fourths ef the whole of the factory hands about Iluddcrsfield . They were now receiving the support of all classes of people , and , above all , the clergy of all denominations ; and manv of , the manufacturers were also favourable to ten hours a day .

      Mr . Joseph Gregory , of Bolton , said , there was hut one opinion among the operatives of that town . Ihey were fully persuaded that , owing to the state of tlie house on the Irish questions and railways , there was no chance of a \« tliing being done this session ; they were , therefore , promoting the measure by agitation at home , and not without effect . One of the largest firms in Bolton had commenced working eleven hours , and at a festival given to the hands the other night by the master , Mr Knowles , that gentleman stated that he wasperiectlv satisfied with the new arrangement , and would continue to cam- it out , and even go to a further

      limitation ; anu as to Lord Ashley , they believed he had made many sacrifices in the cause , and was the only man m the House of COffiniffflS wllO Could fthd would week the question with a prospect of success . The delegate from Preston reported , that since Mr . Gardner had commenced working short hours , seve-Kal other large mills had followed the example with equal success . The Rochdale delegate would be glad . if he could afford such information as had been given from other places- He worked for a firm which ran their mill thirteen and a half and fourteen hours a day , thereby setting the " spirit of the Act at defiance .

      The Ten Hours' Bill. Important R>R.Lhgat...

      Ho hoped tha . '; Lancashire Central-Short-time Committee -wpi ' ilA'cadopt some means to prevent such cr . hcjbies ; a |' they were perpetrating . Lffi *) Mapik -Mills said that he had been more than fourteen years in the cause , and he congratulated the fleeting on tlie steady and improved state of feeling ' which / prevailed on the subject . The meetings were now conducted with such intelligence and moderation , as would before long insure success . He had not vein- latterly attended the meetings 0 : 1 the question , tiwt therefore he was not capable of judging of the improved tone of the friends of the measure -, indeed , he never attended a meeting in which he heard so much good reasoning and common sense advanced . The delegate from Keighlcy was of the same

      pmniqn , and looked upon that fact ps the best security ot ultimate and speedy success . . .. Many other interesting statements were made as to , tho progress the question was making , after which the resolutions were unanimously adopted to the following effect : — "This meeting of delegates takes the present opportunity of again expressing , on behalf of the operatives of Lancashire and Yorkshire , their unalterable determination never to relax in their efforts , until the ten Hours' Bill is carried through Parliament , and that they will , from the present time , redouble their exertions preparatory to another struggle in the next session of Parliament , to bring it to a successful termination . —That each district bo urgently requested

      to Jorward without delay the whole of the petitions now in course of signature , cither to the central committees of Yorkshire and Lancaslurc , or to our friends in Parliament , for presentation this session . —That , in the opinion of this meeting , the course adopted by Lord Ashley this session was , under all the circumstances , tlie best and wisest , and believe that much has been gained by the course adopted , seeing that the business of the house would not in our opinion admit of a fair trial of the question with any prospect of success . That we hail , asone of the best omens of future success , the 5 lipi ) ort which tho cause of ora wives and children received fast session , and also in the fact , that the Ten Hours' Bill was supported b y four-fifths of the members of the manufacturing districts . That a petition from this meeting be forwarded to Parliament , signed by the chairman , on behalf of the delegates . —That this meeting of delegates cannot separate without once more expressing its unabated

      confidence in the zeal and sound judgment of Lord Ashley in conducting this measure through Parliament . —That every day ' s experience confirms our previous opinions that he is , of all other members of Parliament of whom wc have any knowledge , the most efficient advocate weu : an have , and that he be most respectfully rcquest < srto continue his effort on our behalf , and that wc believe we are but expressing the unanimous sentiments of our constituents in stating that we rely with implicit confidence on his Mai and ability to bring the question to a successful issue , and we once more pledge ourselves never to relax in our exertions until our efforts and his labours are crowned with success . —That we most sincerely express our thanks to the editors of the Herald , Times , 1 ' ost , Standard , Northern Star , and of all other papers who so disinterestedly supported us , and that the morning papers be respectfully' requested to notice the presentation of ow petitions now in the hands of our friend in Parliament . "

      Ihanks were also voted to Mr . Pieldcn , M . P ., Mr . John Wood , Mr . "William Walker , of Bradford , and other friends in and out of Parliament ; as also to those millowners in Lancashire and Yorkshire who had voluntarily adopted the eleven hours' system ; _ also to the chairman and the central committees of Lancashire and Yorkshire ; after which the delegates separated , many of them having to travel from thirty to upwards of fifty miles to their homes .

      To All Who Hate Tyranny.—Of All The Curs...

      To All who hate Tyranny . —Of all the curses that ever scourged the human race , the greatest have been the existence of men , who , to great wealth and power , have united a strong desire to trample on and oppress their fellow-men . There was a time when such characters could continue their fewl , oppYcsaion , injustice , and extortion without fear of public opinion ; there was no popular press to keep tyranny in check , and but little popular intelligence to mark with reprehension the tyrant . Tho times , however , are changed . The people are getting wiser . They begin toknowhowto discover and expose the frauds and extortions to which they have so long been subject '; and the time will come , when every act of force or deception , oppression or injustice , whereby richmenmakc ( or try to make ) poor men suffer , shall he blazoned forth throughout the length and breadth of the land —shall be wafted on' the wings of the press , from the centre of our island all round to the sea ; and ovevy wall shall tell tales of those , who dare to trample on , fheliberticsofthat nortion of societv . without which

      no other portion could ever exist . —As an example to other working men , the following statement of a recent act of tyranny is laid before the public . - —The Messrs . Christy , the well-known hat manufacturers , have for many years employed a number of persons to weave hat-plush , a portion of the hatting trade that has been gradually increasing for some time , and has lately experienced an unprecedented briskness ; a circumstance that has caused the Messrs . Christy to increase considerably their number of hands , ' and also brought into the trade many hew manufacturers . As mi g ht naturally be expected , tho new manufacturers having had but little CXncriCilCC ill the trade , had no settled system of paying for their work . Tlie prices for the same kind of work varied

      considerably at different warehouses . In this state of the case , it was suggested a few weeks ago , by some persons connected with the trade ( both masters and workmen ) , that it would be well if a list of prices could bo drawn up . A few of the weavers , acting upon this suggestion , called a public meeting of the trade , at which a committed was appointed to arrange a list , and conduct other business connected therewith . On the committee were two of the Messrs . Christy ' s workmen , who , immediately on the fact becoming known to their masters , were discharged from their employment . This \ plain statemeui needs no comment , —the Messrs . ^ hrjsty knew they were paying less wages than any ^ pmer lwuse in the trade ; they knew that a regulatKJijKouldtfequire them to pay the same as otheMMJfts ; and

      they , no doubt , thought that to cWliaJgyfBps waj were likely to be instrumental mftyingir ^ bouFE regulation , would be to evade an honourable ctn & fioncsi coum of conduct . There is another oascgwhhiij ought to be mentioned , but which , perhapsj ^ fould not have been made thus public iflfhe circumstances before related had not taken place . AhmliJ & i'QC months ago , apiece of tiic most dishoiiesBRa MpJBs attempted to be put upon the weavcrs . Thc'abnsequence of which would have been to increase considerably the quantity of work without any additional remuneration . The attempt was fortunately discovered " and pointed out to the head of the firm , ' who , in reply , said that wages were too high , that he could buy plush of the French cheaper than lie could make it ; tlie French lived upon less thaw the English , and the English must come down to themand so on .

      , The result was , the weavers struck work ; and , as a resolution had been come to by the weavers to leave the shop entirely and go to work elsewhere ( work being very . plentiful ) , the masters agreed , in a few days , to pay additional wages in proportion to the extra work . Had this fraud been successful , the Messrs . Christy would have been gainers by it to the amount of more than thee hundred fauniU a year over and above the profits obtained previously ; and this attempt was made at a time wnen the Messrs . C . were already paying from two to eight or ten per cent , less than any other house in the trade . Such seems to have been the general conduct of those men for many years past ; in short , did time and space permit , cases of the above description might be enumerated without end , —but enough for the present .

      The foregoing will sufficiently exhibit the character of the firm , mentioned . Let us hope , however , that the time is not far distant when such cases will he unknown , and moral justice have some share in the conduct of employers towards employed . It is lamentable in the extreme to find men- lih e the Messrs . C , whose conscientiousness is so far blunted as to make them content to live for no other purpose but to add house to house , field to field , and money-bag to money-bag—discarding at once every moral principle and every humane and benevolent feeling . Hollow-hearted and base , indeed , must be they , of whom it niav be trulv said , their dwelling is cemented with human blood , their fields are watered with human tears , and their gold is coined jroni the very sinews of the suffering and the sorrowful , bold is trulv the world's god' ; the tyrannical master its nriest " who wants onlv the power to immolate human

      , victims on its altar . With one reflection we conclude . The priest of the golden god is the most insatiable of all monsters—he is heartless , and therefore cannot feel—he is brainless , and therefore cannot think—he is destitute of moral principle , and therefore understands not justice or equitv , unless indeed his feeling , thinking , aud being just supports the worship of his u \ o \ . —DroyMtn , 1815 . The Truck System . —The following case , which , occurred a few days ago , at the Bolton Court of Requests , deserves some attention , from its exposing a system which there is good reason to behove is much more cxtensivclyactcd . upon than . is generally imagined . -We derive the particulars , from a Manchester paper : — " William Loinax , jun ., obtained an an execution against James Darbishive , green grocer , ia April , and on last Saturday week a seizure was

      ado under if of certain articles" which Mary Ann ^ arbishire , his daughter , appeared ( o claim as her property . From her statement it appeared that her father was sold up about eight months ago , and that her aunt had given her a bed , and she had bought other articles herself . During the hearing oi ' thc case Sarah Roberts , an interesting young woman ,- appa-, rcntly about twenty years of' asc . was called , and stated that she let tSie ' honsc to Diirbishire ' s daughter . The following colloquy then took place : —Judge : Did you let tlie house to the claimant f Yes . —Are you the lamlhuir of the house ? 1 take it with my

      work . —Whom do you work for ? Mr . Ciillon , cotton spinner . —How much do vou pay a week for it ? Three shillings and a penny . —What do you let it for ? Two shillings . —And ' do vou lose tlie- remaindcr ? Yes . —Mow much do ' vou tret a week ? lwclvc shillings . —The Judge ; That ' s one way of making a propertv . —( Several voices in the court here shouted out , 'That ' s common enough i-i Bolton . ' } -flic ju « in 0 : That ' s a great- sliame .- ( A voice : ' They all do it , ' ) Judge : I never heard ft more disgraceful case in mv fife . " From litis , ifc would appear that Mr . Culleii , of Bolton , who , we understand , h an advocate for , ami a professor of , liberal principles , can , nevertheless , condescend to be a party to transactions of a nature which honest and

      conscientious men of every shade of opinion must heartily condemn . Wc have always considered that the host method of forwarding principle was by . example , —particularly when the parties concerned wore placed in such positions , as , from their prominency , to be rendered obnoxious to the observation and criticism of the public . As a magistrate , sitting upon the bench , and dispensing equal justice to all applicants , there can be no doubt but the experience and sagacity of Mr . Cullen must render his services exceedingly valuable to the inhabitants of Bolton ; and there can be as little doubt that his appointment , from his literary acquirements , has added dignity to the bench on which ho occasionally presides . Thtvo things will have more than justified ,

      m the eyes of his fellow-townsmen , the parties who recommended ' ,, hn to ihe important office he holds ; the excrtioivi of those parties trill indeed have secured the gratitude of the borough of Bolton . It is truly lamentable , then , to see that , for the paltry consideration of a lew shillings per week , the tradesman should so far predominate over the justice , as to induce forgctfulness both of equity and the spirit of the law , and be thus the means of drawing down , in a public court , the severe censure of the presiding judge , who felt compelled to characterize the transaction as " the most disgraceful he had ever hoard of . " From the statement we have cited , it appears that this gentleman is not the only person in Bolton whose conduct ^ in this rcpect , merits the indignation and contempt

      of every right-thinking man . The offence charged against Mr . Cullen is said to fjo a common one m that borough . For the honour of tho ( own—for the respect wc would fain foci for our neighbours , we hope tin ' s is not the fact ; but , if the statement be accurate , then weought not to feci surprised thai the government , with such facts in evidence bclbre them , lccl justified in tl ) D ini cri ' erence they exercise between millowners and factory workpeople . If those who ought to bo the naturalguardiansof the people , vd \ os « ivttlv \ stvy makes them " merchant princes , " thus shamelessly and sordidly oppress the poor , whose protector ., the law supposes them to be , can wc wonder at the discontent so often cxpicsscd by the operative . - or that , in this particular , he feels the yoke too k-avv iovhnn %

      The case before us derives its cliief interest from its relation to other similar cases . Sarah floberts , an "interesting , " and , as it appears , a single yoiiiig woman , most likely living with her parents , receives , for her labour in Mr . Cullcu ' s mill , twelve shillings per week ; but , as one of the conditions of this employment , she is compelled to take a house , which she docs not want , at somctlung more than a fourth ofher earnings—a rental , indeed , of £ 8 Os , 4 d . per annum . Under this bargain the master gains everything , and the employed is nearly uutiiin lo hv ; i loser . In all probability , during , at least , part of the time of servitude , the tenement taken will be empty , and the consequence instantly is , that the wages ot the employed are reduced upwards of twenty-five per

      cent . ; or as , in the present case , the party may sublet the dwelling , at- a loss to himself , and with every chance of getting a tenant who may break the windows , damage the " valuable property , " and quit without remembering the arrears of vent . Yet this is said to be " common enough" in Bolton . Such houses , built with the design of being let upon compulsion , arc scarcely likely to he constructed upon the very best principles , or with the most scrupulous regard to the comfort and convenience of the people intended to live in them . Persons convicted of crime are sent toprisoifand penitentiaries , for punishment and improvement , and every attention is paid , during their incarceration , to their cleanliness and orderly habits , not only to maintain the health of

      the body , but to improve that of the mmd : persons convicted of poverty , at Bolton , are condemned to have their wages lessened , their liberties abridged , and their persons to suffer oppression , if , by tlicir industry , they endeavour to "live honest in the sight of all men , " unless they submit to have that industry mulcted of a quarter of its honourable earnings . Should they refuse to succumb to such abject degradation and servility , they may starve , or be driven , through poverty and want of employment , attimos , to do that which their mind would revolt against . Has the magistrate , whose case wc arc considering , ever reflected that the bondage which he imposes upon his workpeople may force the highest and noblest minded among them—and , consequently ,

      those who , under judicious treatment , would be the most valuable members of society—into dishonest practices , and lead to an abandonment of those virtuous principles , the loss ot which , especially ill females , produces results which are appalling even to the imagination ? Surely Mr . Homer will not omit all notice of so curious afcaturc as this , in the arrangement between factory owners and the hands employed by them , in his next report to Parliament . His ' cxposure of the system would be a sufficient rebuke to deter any other " Cotton Lord" from seeking to avail himself , for the sake of ' a trifle of lucre , of so mercenary a source of profit—one so fraught in every way with . mischief to the worldly condition anil prospects , the independence , and the mora £ wclfarc of those who

      are subjected to its operation . \\ c do not complain of mill-owners for erecting cottages . In many cases , indeed , it is absolutely necessary that they should do so for the comfort and convenience of their workpeople ; but then , the letting of such places should invariably be a matter of option , as well with the tenant as the landlord . Each should be free to make a bargain , or to decline it , according to his own pleasure and inclination . Coercion in such a case is the worst species of tyranny—a sort of truck dealing , which is as disreputable to the strong , and disadvantageous to the weak , as that of paying wages in goods instead of money . The workman has as clear a right to the free controul and disposition o the whole of the wages obtained in return for his or her

      labour , as the manufacturer can have to tho disposal . ofj ; he money which he obtains in exchange for the gpodw'hicli have been produced from his capital and IWcmjmy . - —Preston Uhmihk . ^ fflhnni or Mixuns at Burt . —It is my painful . chipto report the strike of the men in the employ of : Messrs / JPcarncsey and Co ., at Jaraco , near Bury . , H $ jJm fcceji requested to send yon a detail of the ci ' r- ¦ cumstanccs for insertion , lest the public should be- - licyc ^ lic reports sent out by the masters . Before the e commencement of the Union the men had % . for r getting forty baskets of coals , which were sold in the e market for £ 1 . 3 s , dd . Since that time the coals Is have been raised to £ 113 s . 4 d . in tlie market , or 10 s . 3 .

      of an advance , out of" which the men got 'is . extra , a , making their wages 13 s . for getting forty baskets . : s . The men worked heartily under these arrangements ts till the week before last , when notice was given for a a reduction of 2 s ., under the pretence that the cofficry ly was not paying . Jf the pitsaro not payiagnow , what at must have been their state before ? For , calculating on on the men to work only four days a week ( o produce the he same quantity of coal as before , the masters dear vp . tp . wards of ekvcnpomds a week more than they did be > tcfore the advance!—and this , too , for onlv one pit . jit . In order to succeed in their reduction they began with ; ittt one pit , but the men in the others seeing through the the scheme immediately turned out , audit isTikcly that-hat the masters will soon agree with them again .

      Duxcombe Testimo . vial . —A special general nicetingting > of the Central Committee was held ou Wedncsdajsdajj evening , 'June 11 th , at the Parthcnium , 12 , St . MarMar tin ' s-lane , Mr . James Grassby , Carpenter , in tho th << chair , when the following sums were received : —Pei-Pei i Mr . Nicholson , Engineer , 3 s . ; Mr . D . W . Jtuftytuffy 10 s . ; on behalf of Mr . Burrows , of Coggeshall , Mv , Mr ,-Charles M'Carthv , and Edward Collins , 4 s . Sd . ; pei ; peis Mv . 'S , Buck , Knaresborough , 14 s . 2 d . ; Mansfield local local eoinhiittcc , per the Rev . W . Linwood , £ 2 10 s . 10 s . , Iluddcrsfield loca l committee ( second subscriptionjtion ] . ] per Mr . Bushworth , £ 1 5 s . ( id . ; Motfram , in Lon Lorn dendalc , per Mr . It . Wild , 9 s . ; the Woolcombcrs ocrs (( Bradford , Yorkshire , per Mr . J . Moore , £ 3 f > s . 5 d . i . od . Mr . J . Grassby handed in 3 s . Id . oh behalf of Mot' Ml

      Millgrovc , the subscription of a few Carpenters tors '' No . 13 F . S . O . C . ; Mr . T . M . Wheeler handed ided ¦ ¦ £ 1 7 s . lOd . from Mr . G . W . Wheeler , the subscriibscri i tionof the Reading local committee ; also" os . 'fr ' os . 'fr ' oo Mr . Mills , and Od . from Mr . liagley , and" 19 s . 4 d . » . 4 d . , acknowledged to be received by k ' ini mtheStarStar - last week under the head of " Funds received Ived 11 the General Secretary of the National Charter Asm Assis elation ; " per Mr . Wm . Cuffay ( fourth-. paymcnVmcnhl 2 s . Cd . ; per Mr . Wild , Carpenter , Pun Hors lion re Borough , 15 s . oil . On the motion of Messrs . Stas . Staa wood and T . Barratt , it was nnnnimously . resolveesolvcc "That this Committee keep open their accounccourir

      until Wednesday , July lCfch next ensuing , in ofder order r give time to tho committee of collectors to gef in tct'in 11 books now in the hands of those who have ricelechcgleclrt the calls previously made , and that the secretsecretiti forward the above resolution to the secretary ofiry " off local committees , with a request that they will -trarill -trail mit all cash raised on behalf of the Testimonialiionial'i'i in their hands to the General Secretary " , ¦ Mr /' , ¦ •¦ Mi \ i \ Symc , or to the General Treasurer , R , ' Norm Nornirr Esq ., immediately , and that the members of / rs of , ' , committee are cspecinllvrequested toatfetidonWonVV ncsday evening . ' July Mb , ' to resolve " on what ' wliatit Testimonial shall be . " : "• "' " ' ^ " ' ^ - ¦

      Ar00106

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), June 14, 1845, page 1, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_14061845/page/1/