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Northern Star (1837-1852), 14th February 1846, Edition 2 of 4, Page 6, w , WAR WITH AMERICA. . For the purpose ...

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    • Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.

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      6 ' ,. , Tfl E ; . , Kpjffljffl NugTAR . , FebtoahV 14 , 184 C

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      " And I Irill War, At Least In Words, (A...

      " And I irill war , at least in words , ( And—should my ehanw so happen—deeds , ) WithaU who war with Thoughtr

      " And I Irill War, At Least In Words, (A...

      « I flunk I bear a little bird , who tings Tfi « people by and by will be the stronger . "—Bibcx

      W , War With America. . For The Purpose ...

      w , WAR WITH AMERICA . . For the purpose of reiterating tljfefijfe of the Oregon question , for the inforaatia { Sn $ [ readers , as well as also for the purpose oTtasnong our decided opposition to the threatened war between this country and the United States , we give the following extracts from au article in Taifs Magazine for February : — WAR WITS AMERICA-. ABB WE KOI BRBTHMZX ? ^ hera isso lit tlegoodgainedj andsomuchrnwcWefdont , generally by wars , that I w « n the imprudence of undertaking them wero more evident to princei ; in wMch case

      I think thev would be lest frequent . If I wera counsellor to the EmprMS of Bussia . and fount that she deskod to possess some part of the dominions of the Signior , Iwonldadviie her to compu te what the annual * axes raised from the territory m » y amount to , and mako Km an offer of buying it at the rate of paying for it twtntj years' purchase . And if I were bis counsellor , 1 should adTise him to take the money and cede the onminion of that territory . . . But to male , and accept such an offer , these potentstes should be both ef them reason able creatures ; and free from the ambition of glory , & c . ; which perhaps is too much to be supsostd . " Thus wrote Benjamin franklin in 1788 .

      "It was better to fight for the first inch of Oregon , than the last . Our destiny is onward—its western movement cannot be resisted . 'We cannot recede ; we cannot stand still . . . Texas was our latest acquisition ; I hope it will not be our last . . . If this administration can secure the peaceable acquisition of California , it will receive tho lasting gratitude of the people . [ Voices on the Whig side— 'California ! ' 'Of course , California : wa must have that , ' ' And then Cuba V 'We hava started , and must go on . 'J We must give twelve months' notice ; aud if England persist in Iter claim , [ to Oregon , ' ] war must inevitably follow : and it will be a war in which all the strength nnd the prejudices Of both nations will be brought into play . " Thus spoke , in 1845 , General Cass , and other menbert of tho party which has a majority in the senate , and " an overwhelming majoritv in the House of Assembly of the United States . "

      It is melancholy to reflect , that the lapse of sixty years , instead of making the views and principles of America statesmen more humane and far-sighted— -more philosophical , in short—has produced a diametrically opposite result . Benjamin Fxanfclin , botli . morally asd intellectually , was immeaurablj above the contemporaiy Statesmen of Europe ; General Cass , President Polk , and too many more of the existing statesmen of America , bare fallen almost to a level with them . WhenPranklin , Jefferson , Washington , Adams , organised theUnion , they locked forward to a people and government who were to rise superior to the low lost of territorial aggrandisement , who were to introduce " common sense" into the dealings of nations with each other , to extend the empire of law andreason , and narrow that of brute force . Whit would these great and good men ssy to the language that now rings in the Senate House of Washington ! .

      PrevMttisVjtothe assumption of sovereignty in a territory unoccupied , or occupied only by savage tribes , this public law , common to England and America , regards the region as what civilians oall res nuHius ; an object belongingin property to no one . The theory of law is , that what is nobody ' s property may ba made anybody ' s property oj the simple act of taking possession . All that is necessary is to take possession , so publicly and with such formalities , that all the world may know that it has been done . When the nations of Europe have asserted a title to new lands , on the ground of discovery , it has b « en on the assumption that expeditions were fitted out to seek for and acquire those lands ; the act of discovery was the formal and public evidence of the intention to take possession . Bat so many discoveries have been merely

      accidental , —so many have been simultaneously made , — so many nominal discoveries have been actually mere rediscoreries , that this title is umrerstlly allowed to bathe weaitst of all . In the present oase , it really seems out of the question . Discovery on the part of the United States before Cook ' s voyage to the North-West Coast , was impossible , for the simple reason that thers was n » United States to make the discovery . Before Cook ' s voyage , th « Spaniards had discovered the coast , at least as far north as Kootka , and the Russians as far south as Mount Elias . The general line of American coast was known to at least two European nations , from Baffin ' s Bay , round by Cspe Horn , to Behring ' s Straits ~ ; and no doubt was entertained of all the land within this compass being one great continent . There was nothing left to discover .

      The subsequent operations of Cook , Vancouver , Gray , by sea , ofMackenrie , ClarkeandLewis , byltnd , aremorepro ^ psrly surveying expaditiofts than expeditions of discovery / examinations , in detail , the features afa bind already discevered . ThisviewwasrecognisBdanddsdaredtobe public law by theXootks convention between Spain and England in 1791 . In that treaty , the coast and continent are assumed to be discovered . The two countries solemnly bind themselves to determine their relative positions in that country for the furore , — "setting aside all retrospective discussion of the rights and pretensions of the two parties , " « on a basis conformable to their true interests . " In conformity with this preamable , the country was do . dared open to the trade and fisheries of the subjects of both crowns . Arightwasrecogmsedineitb . « tapl * wt colonies there , whieh should be subject to the sovereignty ef the parent state , but whieh , like the unoccupied territory , should remain open and free to tha tradersand fishers « f

      • the other . In short , the north-westterritory was explicitly - recognised to be r « nullius ; a thing , the property » f - which might bo acquired by formally and publicly -taking possession of it . Since 1790 , nothing has bean * done there by Spain in the way of occupation . The treaty with Spain in 1819 , upon which the Americans -sometimes repose their claims , is a blank letter . Spain Coold convey no title that was not actaaUy ve « t * d in her - id 1819 : hnt the only title she then possessed wu on « to -acquire sovereignty in any part of har north-west territory , by actual occupation , if she pleased : a title which accraed to the United States , or any other government , the moment that Spain and Great Iritain disclaimed this sovereignty in 1790—a title upon which the United States profess to hare acted on in 1811 at her settlement of Astoria . To establish claims to any part of her northwestterritory , it is incumbent upon Great Britain and America to prove public and formal acts of accupation .

      And in the way of such proof there is this difficulty : In the beginning of 1811 , the . Hudson ' s Bay Company and the Xorth-west Company ( Canadians ) had pushed forward their out-settlements to the northern head-waters oftiw Columbia . In 1 S 11 , the settlement of Astoria was founded by the agents of Jacob Astor , a merchant of Few York . The British , companies having learned bis intention to form a settlement in the North-west territory , instructed their agents to occupy the ground before him . It was a race between the British subjects and the American citizens j the first , to carry their frontier posts in Oregon as far to the south , the latter as far to the north , as possible . They m « t on the lower Columbia , as the Cyrenian andCarthagenian emissaries , on a similar expedition , met long ago at the

      Syrtes . The British reached the north bank of the river , and the Americans tha south , within four-an * twenty hours of each other . Port Vancouver is tho Result of the British expedition , as Astoria was of "the American . During the war whieh broke out in 1812 , Astoria was occupied by the British ( it had , by the way , been previousl y sold by Aster ' s partners to the servants of tbeXorth-tvcst Company ) , but restored at the peace . No further settlements were formed by eithw party till 1813 , whta a convention was entered into , which reserved to either nation its full claims , but established a jointoccupancy of the territory for a definite period . Sines 1818 , there can have been no taking of possession b y either party ; and really all that had been done before , seems too sli ght and too limited to convey to either nation

      the soverei gnty of the whole territory . The relative positions of theBritish and African nations in Oregon appear to be—since 1312 ( and perhaps earlier j , British emigration has been graduall y extending from Canada and the Hudson ' s Bay territory to Oregon . Since 1812 , the united States emi gration has gradually been extending to Oregon . Under the convention of 1818 , tho occupa-1 tion of the territory b y its citizens , could convey no right oEsoveragnty to eith er government . There has been aotemtorua government in Oregon . British citijM ggfer emained suo «* to British laws and trib § H gpBican to American . The progress of srttiemd ^ H rendered the contmuance of thU state of affairs i . ^ 5 ? went . A territorial government is required . America and England each vie , r with eqnal jealousy and distrust & e contingency of tho whole territory being subjected totte other . There fa nothing for it but to divide the Kmtory , and no ^ { ffiritioa but A , reutme interests of the two claimants . In the language of the jaoiKa

      > con vention , it is necessary to "determine their ] relative position in Oregon on a basis conformable to tj efeSts - " At fi" 4 wew , the fairest msthsd ; would seem to be , to divide the territory » s nearly as possible , acre for acre . But , in reality , if either hereby acquired apart of the territory occupied by citizens of the o & er , its " true interests" would not b » consulted . It » s not territory , but willing and loyal subjects that strengthen a government The natio nality of tho settlers ought to be the rule of division . To the best of our Saowled ge , the hulk of the American settlers are to be found in the WUlammetta Valley , •*« in the vicinity of Fort Xet Perces ; the bulk of the British around Fort "Vancou ver , and at the settlements extending from the lower Columbia to the Straits of John do Fuca , Taking tfHJ nationality of tire settlers as our guide , the line of the tower Columbia , and of the Salmon River , to the sources of the latter , and tttenca along the Bocky Mountains , totheparallel of forty-nine degrees north , appears the most eligible boundary .

      We will not at present dilate on the common-places against war . lake the truths from the pulpit , they are , we fear , too familiar-4 o have the effect they ought to have . But let the most hardened advocate of war , shut tfing his eyes and ears to their images , ask himself what - Trill be the probable consequences of England and Aroerica going to war about Oregon . American privateers will cover the fieas and pillage our merchantmen , and on our part retaliation will be exercised . An American army will | inrode Canada j and British , squadrons Will

      bombard Boston , New Ybrk , New Orleans , and blockade the Chesapeake . This is bu t the overture . Other nations will complain of aggressions on their commerce , romonstrate , grow hot , and take part , in the hostilities . Every corner of the earth will be disturbsd by the battles of themselves or allies . * « * * A nation called the English has been formed out of a mixture of races within the narrow circuit of the southern portion of one of the British islands . By degrees , it has engrafted \ ts laws , morals , language , on all the divisions of the minds . -Wanting elbow-room at home , it has spread ifSflf over the earth . North America , and the AntiUes , are filled with it . It is occupying Australia and Oceania . It has seised on the southern extremity of Africa . It rules in Hindustan . Already it has split np into two natons . Part obeys the occupant of the old throne in London ; part a Republican president in Washington . There mny be further divisions . A great

      independent English republic may have its seat of government in S ydney . A warrior caste of English race may enthrone an elective emperor in Calcutta ; and the office may remain for centuries in one family . But the language of Milton , the faith of the English Bible , the general principles of equity disseminated through our law volumes , like Gratiano ' s two grains of wheat hid fn two bushels of chaff , will be the common mould in which the thoughts and feelings of all these people are cast . Into whatever eyttem of states the world may then 1 ) 0 divided , those of English race and English , faith will predominate . Now is the time , when these kindred nations are but two—before circumstances have greatly varied their habits of thought , to lay the foundations of a more just and humane system of public law , to regulate tlieir mutual relations , than has prevailed among states speaking divers tongues . The good work has beg un in England—will America hang back !

      Dreadful Persecution And Escape From Sib...

      DREADFUL PERSECUTION AND ESCAPE FROM SIBERIA OF POLISH PRIESTS . Ike Brussels Journal publishes the following details of the cruel treatment to which the Catholic priests are subjected in Russia . In the autumn of 1842 , nearly 8000 families of the diocese of Podlachia in Poland embraced the Greek schismatic religion ; some being constrained by the lash of the knout , others yielding to the temptation of gold , for it is thus that in unhappy Poland conversions of the religion of Russia are effected . Soon , however , these sad victims to the intolerance and machiavelian arts of the "Popes" or Greek priests , obeying the voice of their former pastors , returned to their primitive belief , which most of them had preserved intact at the bottom of their hearts . But knowing the dangers to which they exposed themselves by braving the anger of thoir new

      master * , many , sought safety in exile , and took refuge in Hungary , Calicia , and Posen . Unable to avenge themselves on the fugitives , the agents of the Emperor fell en the « ccle 5 lasties who had influenced the return of their flocks to the true faith , and on the night of Jan . 8 , 184 S , 2 ii Catholic priests , who had contributed to these re-conversions , were seized , chained hand and foot like a troop of bandits , and hurried , under the guard of a numerous escort ; to Minsk . Here they passed six months , condemned to themost severe and repulsive labours , watched by pitiless seids ( Russian soldiers ) , and unceasingly . a prey to the attacks of vile sectaries , who had recourse to both violence and trickery to obtain their abjuration . Au , however , preferred the most cruel tortures to apostasy , and among them might be seen renewed those admirable instances of devotion to their faith which

      signalised the martyrdom of the nuns of St . Basil . This resistance to the attempts of their converters was a crime which merited severe chastisement ; and accordingly they were punished by exile to Siberia 1 The order soon arrived to transport all the rebels , without exception , to these icy deserts . They were bound hand and foot , and confined in cellular carriages , lighted day and night by a lamp suspended from the roof of each cell , and in these gloomy moving- ' prisons they traversed the immense distance which separated them from the horrible regions to which Muscovite despotism had banished them , perhaps , for ever . Scarcely bad they arrived at Tobolsk ( 1500 miles from Minsk ) , when death swept away 143 of these unhappy ecclesiastics , whose perseverance in the faith of their fathers had dragged them into exile in thsse frozen deserts . Those who survived their companions

      were placed in the fortress of this city , along with tho most abandoned criminals under the same discipline and at the same labours . Water and black bread , such was the common food . They were condemned to saw timber and cut down the trees in the neighbourhood of the citidel , and when their fatigued arms refused to continue this hard toil , the knout was speedily applied to stimulate their limbs , stiffened by cold and lassitude . On the 3 th of May last a nobleman of Tobolsk rejoiced that on that day a son had been granted him , to perpetuate his name and race , believing he could not better evince his joy than by distributing an extraordinary ration to each of the prisoners in the citadel of seven pounds of meat ( which these unfortunates had not tasted since their captivity ) , sixteen pounds of bread , two pounds of honey , and four quarts of brandy . This was an unusual festival for these poor

      priests , who , for two years , had lived on black breed and water . They gratefully accepted the present of Uu > nobleman , but refused the brandy . This refusal saved them . The officers and soldiers under whose guard they were , less sober than their captives , seized with avidity the drink destined for the latter , and mixing it with honey , compounded a liquor well known in Siberia . This liquor intoxicated them , and while buried iu profound slumber , caused by their excess , the ninety-seven ecclesiastics ( all who survived ) resolved to make their escape . Without loss of time they formed their bed-clothes into a cord , by the aid of which they descended , one after the other , through one of the windows of the fort , and on the last reaching the ground , they hastily gained a wood , into the depth of which th » y penetrated as far : is they could , the better to elude the pursuit of which they could

      not fail to be the objects . They had also taken care to provide themselves with the bread which had been given them . Their course was long , and it would be impossible to relate aU the fatigues they had to undergo ere reaching a place Of safety . When by cLance they fell in with soy habitations , ti . ey pretended to be the workmen of a nobleman well known in that country . At lust , after traversing immense steppes , dense forests , a aul w i de rivers , which tlitj were obliged to cross by swimming , they arrived in safety at the shores of the White Sea . Here they found a Prussian ship , whose captain took them on board . In this vessel they were tak

      Alarming Potatoe Riots At Inverness. [We...

      ALARMING POTATOE RIOTS AT INVERNESS . [ We take tha following account from the Morning Advertiser . Whoever the " blackguard" may lie that wrote it , he deserves to be "lynched" for his insolent abuse of the poor starving people , who , instead of throwing the potatoes into the river , would do well to throw such scoundrels as him in . ] Ivebsess , Febbcabt C . —Tho scarcity of potatoes in this neighbourhood has led to sundry riots , much aggravated by the . large , body of navigators employed in the vicinity . Unfortunately there is only a small number of

      military at Fort George at present , but as many have come into Iverness as could be sparsd , so as to leave enough for the defence of that important position . T ' . ieM appears to be seventy or eighty who occupy the castle , and under the prudent and spirited command of Captain Campbell , of the 87 th Irish , they have been of important use in preserving order , and as yetnobody has been hilled , but the Handier woundad must be ten or twelve , soms pretty severely , by the bayonets , which the soldiers were obliged to use when retreating to the castle with about a score of prisoners ; and some of the gentlemen and constables were severely cut by the stones .

      If in the coarse of the night the navigators , of whom there are upwards of a thousand , overwhelm the military , it is impossible to say where this unfortunate affair will end ; the whole town and neighborhood will be at the raercv of these blackguards for six days , being tho shortest period within which we can obtain assistance . Oh ' . for twelve hours for our Perth and Inverness railway ! If anything will open the eyes of government , it is the danger in whish we are at present . The riots began on Wednesday , in the attempt to ship some po tatoes at Thorn Bush Pier . The low pujm . ' ati-jn of the town opposed it successfully , in spite of iIh ¦ , ' -. im-.-mag istra tes ; and the military were sent fin- ; w < i j ,: ; u- » U in the castle in case of need . The town was ¦) its r nii , laj on Thursday , being the Sacramental fast-ilny : but in the evening the navvies marched in from i ! , e ca-jsl . anil being ^ ined by our own mob , proceeded to smash window » , fcbttencdor attempted to set fireto the Provost ' s

      tie-JSKry and It was considered proper to order «> -, t tli « military , who , after a brush , succeeded in capturing about twenty rioters , when the mob disperse ' . To-iW ; sj > t-c-i ; ji constables were sworn in , and under cover of : i siwiKy body of censtaMes , with the Provost ami shei-iA ' at their head , an attempt was made to ship the rest of lit * cvjjci . About half way to the pier the mob attacked-.: s s ' . igjtly , but surrounded us in thousands ; and , after the ih-. nt ) read the Riot Act and a proclamation , tvu coir . m ; :- ; - ! our march to the pier . The mob had token up ; i very ssom . ; position here close to the place of shipment , -and when . ever the attempt was made to ship the potatoes wc wcTf attacked with the utmost fierceness , and tve were » li , after a very short combat , obliged to fly . The soldiers were sent for , but before they arrived our cart mid its potatoes were sent into tho river . The military shi pped another , and so the affair ended in the meantime . Tha soldiers have behaved very well , and Mr . Tytler and Provost Sutherland are heroes .

      There was a riot in Nairn last night ; and at C & mbel . town , Invergordon , he ., the same spirit prevails , and not a potatoe will be shipped without a military escort , though the authorities assured us to-day there was an abundance in the country . Tho following proclamation has been issued by the Sheriff of the county : — " Whereas , notwithstanding the proclamation issued by the provost and magistrates of Inverness on the 4 th inst , tho authorities of the county and town were this day deforced and assaulted by a riotous mob , compelled to read the Riot Act , and call in the assistance of the military power . ...

      " The authorities , iu addition to the pr ' noucrs already in custody , have marked several others , ivho were active in the riot and mubbing , and they have been informed that the public peace is still threatened ; they therefore prohibit ail parties from appearing ou the streets , lanes , and roads of the town of Inverness aud its suburbs , after

      Alarming Potatoe Riots At Inverness. [We...

      the hour of nine o'clock of this evening ; and they hereby intimate that any person or persons so appearing on the said streets , lane s , or roads , between the said hour and six o ' clock , a . m ., to-morrow , shall be deemed and held to be disturbers of the peace , and act aud part in the said riot and mob , and shall be apprehended and prosecuted as felons—the Riot Act already read bein ^ still in force . " The authorities aforesaid , while they are determined to enforce the law , take this opportunity of Informing the inhabitants , that measures have been taken for supplying tho market of Inverness with potatoes . , _ v ' i ' " God save the Queen , '"" " ^' r ' . " By order of William Eraser Tytler , Esq ., sheriff of the county , of Inverness , and James Sutherland , Es < l > , provost , and the other magistrates of Inverness . "Patk . Grant , Sheriff Clerk . " Aiex . Maci * visit , Town Clork . " Inverness , 6 th Feb ., 1816 ' . "

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      Fires is tub Metropolis . —No less than six fires broke out in the metropolis on Saturday evening and Sunday morning last . One of the fires at tho shop of Mr . Ilebbeck , oil and colour / nan , 2 , Cambruhjeroad , Mile End-gate , was occasioned by th » explo sion of a packet of gunpowder . The proprietor of tho shop , who was seriously injured , was conveyed to the Loudon Hospital , where he remains in a very precarious state . Another fire of a fearful character broke out on the premises of J . Slaney , cabinet maker , 37 , Skinner-street , Lishopsgate-street . The workshop ,

      where there can be no noubt the lire originated , with all the valuable contents ( manufactured and unmanufactured goods and workmen ' s tools ) was utterly destroyed , and much timb r damaged in the lower part of the extensive pile of building . Awful Shipwreck . —The barque Bcncoolen , Gapt . Claribut , was wrecked on Saturday night hist , on Taylor ' s Bank , near Liverpool . Only eight , out of a crew of twenty-one , were saved , by taking to the boat . The remaining thirteen , including the captain , mates , and pilot , were drowned , when the vessel went to pieces , which occurred very shortly after she struck .

      A Murderer Arrested . —We loarn from tho Augsburgh Gazette that the murderer of the woman whose body was found cut up in different chests at Naples , has been arrested at Trieste , and taken iu custody to Naples , where he will shortly be tried . Iscexdiart Fire . —Dseadfui . Dksxructios , —An incendiarv fire broke out on the premises of Mr . Free , fanner , at Bottisham , Cambridgeshire , on Saturday morning last . The whole of the premises , with tha exception of the dwelling house , together with , about one hundred and thirty coombs of wheat , the like

      quantity of barley , asd other agricultural produce , various implements , a valuable cart-horse , and some * wine , wevoentirely destroyed . The firenext caught the adjoining farm , the property of Mr . John King , and occasioned immense loss . This was not all . The wind being high , sparks were conveyed by it to some cottages on the opposite side of the village , belonging to Mr . Parker , which soon ignited , and fifteen dwellings were soon in one blazing mass ; and twenty-lour poor families have been thus deprived oi a home .

      A Snip Dbstboved bv Lionrxixo . —The ship Bayfield was struck by lightning on the coast of Africa ,, and was immediately enveloped in flames . The captain and crew were compelled to take to the boat for eight days , suffering the greatest hardships , but were at length so fortunate as to reach Sierra Leone iu safety . The Civil War in the City . —At the Central Criminal Court , on Monday , John Kinchin , £ . Mackay , John Dodd , John Sinclair , and John IrelaiwU-the first-mentioned defendant being the captain of one of the Watermen ' s steam-boats , and the others all being in the service of'thc same company—were charged with creating a- riot upon the river Thames , and also with assaulting several of the constables of the City police force , while in the execution of their duty . The jury found them guUty of a common assault , with the exception of Sinclair , who was acquitted . Kinchin wai sentenced to be imprisoned farsix weeks , and the others for three weeks each .

      Fatal Cart Accidekt . —On Tuesday afternoon , about twenty minutes * after two o ' clock , as a man named Robert Fletcher , a ^ ed th irty-five , in the employ of Mr . James Stoue , carrier , of Chinnor , Oxfordshire , was riding in his master ' s cart , driven by his brother , through Fleet-street , towards Templebar , ou arriving at Bride-lane ho got out of the enrfc , and while in the act of stepping from the shaft to t ! us ground , his foot slipped , and he fell , the near wheel passing over his head and chest , resting upon the latter , the cart at the time being laden with a hogshead of suaar and other goods , weighing nearly

      two tons , which , it is supposed , caused the rupture of an internal blotd-vessel , as tho blood flowed profusely from his mouth and nostrils . The poor fellow expired in a few minutes . Extensive Fire beak Sunderland . —On Friday last a lire took place in the brown-paper nwuiifaotory of Messrs . Button , Fletcher , and Co ., at Deptford , about two miles from Sunderland . The whole of the valuable maahinery was destroyed , and the property lies a heap of ruins . The damage will not amount to loss than from four thousand to live thousand pounds .

      A Max Soucmso to be Transported . —On Monday , at the Central Criminal Court , James Wny . ' ctt , convicted of stealing a coat , was sentenced to be imprisoned for twelve months ; the Judge intimating that he might have been sent abroad for fifteen years . Prisoner -. My Lord , that is what I pray for . Although not proved against mo , I admit 1 have been oonvictcd of small offences and imprisoned several times , and it is impossible for me to get an honest living in this country . 1 hope your lordship will alter the judgment . —The Recorder , after consulting with Mr . Alderman Sidney , said : Prisoner , your application ia a very strong one in asking that you nny be sent out of the country , I Iwpo vou lvavo considered your application well . It appears clear th-. it the only chance of your reform , and that at a

      remote period , must lie in another country , therefore , at your own request , the sentence is , that you lie transported for fifteen years ! The prisoner , who shed tears , thanked his lordship for his indulgence , and bowing respectfully , left the bar . Tub Latb Explosion at IIaswei . l Colliery . — The special committee appointed by fhe united committee of the coal trade in tho north of England , comprising the Klythc , Tyne , Wear , and Tees districts , have reported against the suggested apparatus for clearing the " goaves" of fire-damp , or of mixtures of common air and u ' lvMknip , either entiVely or to such an extent as to prevent an " underflow " intii adjacent parts of the mine . Such an apparatus was suggested by Messrs . Lyall and Faraday , but is rejected by the committee as " difficult" and " expensive , " if not absolutely impracticable .

      Acwukxt ox tub Gum : Wkstkr . v Railwav . —On Tuesday night an accident occurred on the Great Western railway . No lives were lost , but several men were severely bruised . Collisions on the River Mersey . —Two collisions have this week occurred on the river Mersey . The brig Limena , bound for Puerto Rico , was under sail on her outward voyage : she ran foul of the Pearl barque . Both vessels were much damaged . Tho John Brooks , an inward bound vessel , lying off the King ' s dock , had her bowsprit carried away by a

      vessel being towed across her bow . Selkimsiiihis Ef j KCTiox . —On Friday week , a Mr . Lockliart , the ministerial candidate , was etactod to represent the county t f Selkirk in Parliament . Committal or . 1 Sh . um : br < vkkr fob Fokokkv . — -On Saturday last , Herman JuHii * Marcus , a stock and sharebroker carrying on iwiiiess n Lewis , was committed totakehistrial os the chargool lorgeiy . Death of n . C itsjour , M . P . —We regret to announce the d ' .-atli of Henry Gaily luitijut , fcis <\ , M . P . He died sin tho 9 i . it inst-., at , Gl \ Lower G , avj venur street , asred 5 'J .

      LiWHEvirr . —The lwirci : < msi < : ; -r > r > s iiu ' do . tll ; , in l'i : li ; ium , of a man ' . ; a : ^ eci . 'f- ; iu J" * . i-. ii Iiinsui , ai iiic t'x ! r , iu ! -dii , ar- asp •'? ' Ht > - ( : ;>!>¦ . wjitifiuij ;\ vn t ' . Miii ![ j- * . ile pruvr ' rii ;? iv iuicjieviu ., ! faciiiiifs to the ' m *' , T ; uc Wx . vniKS i ; 6 t . PF . rBi ' . smtii . ii .-- f ' l :.- : iu'Mril iVav . ii ( A' tiie iwii ' iiici ' . o ' . i i , i um >; . . •• .: »; a ; - iMi-atcd . ' i . ' St . Petflrs ' iHiyh n ; . tiie i .-th v . ' it , but Without tin ' - iK'itfJs ' iiimaJ niiJilii .-y jiC'iij . -. on .-t . 'vutitii ' ; t ' - . i ^ . ?; .: ii' > of i '«> wmthcr , which had .. 'iMiigc . t ; Vom fj'fj ' . ' . ' . rlTiifb of U . C pr ; : ' . cd ; ng UKiiril Id , i c ! ,- ; .-:. ' , jj ' colli i'qiK !; : ; . ; r shout 'H . 'i . Wste ojt' i wv . v : r . Mi - , '' v-j b-l l " .-w : ' . cio . 'd'L . t ! : r * iih , ; JE .

      A . VM-. t . lTlOX O ? C »« l-J . l ' . «> . " )> v ** . \ ' ; i'K >» . S-iTiW . « A , p !'' yectJ « ou 5 , fir :- > kvc ; :: su . ^ casiitn IJSiK * ^ mit the l'lVi-r N «;' . ; % ' .. it ' , . i ^ , . 1-ti l , ( . Wf .. j » i i . 1 , 0 Cilia aud the v ; ijrif >> i , w : Uvic . u V * -. ^ f i * u * i ] % o practicable . Hix Ro !!;;! : x r .. a .. — 'i'H ' -Whiy J :.-si : vm ihv . ' . natv ? i- »; ii'y 05 lh : l . ¦ •¦•• " dar ' ¦' ' »" ' ¦ " ' m i '« , , will ku ilij" .- COmn ' c ' . Cii i !; . * ' ' i I I' .- ' -r ' ! ' 'i-i-l ; ;' , The " / . ill or a Vi ' . -. . -j : ;¦ : ¦ ' < * V ! - S . ivm : {! m < h ,. _ . ' \ ' \ w bmiy of Lflfty , the limn v- > > i '; is 'i : i : vj / n ^ ; , ; W ; ho fall of the handed warehouse in t . iverjw . M , " Jias li-scn discovered under the rubbr ? :: in -. : ( .- :. ' " iiie room * . Tha unfortunate mau . wasa wk-jwer , r . i . i !«« left fiv « children lo mourn his loss .

      Fatal Co . vyi . icr with Okanokme . v . —The £ W «« i / i » s CTii'om ' , an Orange paper , gives an account of a fatal affray between some Roman Catholics and Orangemen , near Maghera , a district famous for Orange violence for ttl & uy a . yeav . Its VCSlllt was , that two Roman Catholics lost their lives , tho armed Orangemen having fired iiidncriminateiy up ; n a crowd . Editorial Life i . \ Yicksbcrg . —Two or three of the editors oflue Vitksbunj Sentinel haxe been murdered— among them , the lamented Dr . Hagan ; and we now learn that the life of the present editor is threatened by an armed man , who is parading the ¦ streets for an opportunity to shoot his intended victim . Kesigxatiox of Mr . Mark Phillips , M . P . — 'flic Manchester Guardian states that Mr . M . Phillips is about to resien bin seat for that town .

      Sut Joii . n Ross , the enterprising explorer ol the avw . v . setts , has Iweu made ft bankrupt . The debts amljliab . 'liticsarc c . < t « natcd at about-. € 10 , 000 , » nd iho assets at nearly A'COO ,

      The Ten Houks" Bill. Meeilng Of Mr. Tard...

      THE TEN HOUKS" BILL . MEEilNG OF MR . TARDNER'S OPERA T 1 VES TO CONTRADICT MR . JBRI Gliih STATEMENTS IN THE' HOUSE OF

      COMMi \ John Bright , M . P ., having , on -Thursday night , the 29 th ult ., in the House of Commons , on Lord Ashley's motion for leave to bring , m hw len Hours' Factory Bill , made a statement , in oppoMticn to the motion , to the effect that * ' when Mr Gardner of Preston , and hit manager / vrho was an enthusiast in tho cause , reduced the houi-s of work to eleven , he ( Mr .. Gardner ) increased the speed of his steamengine and other machinery , and made up for ^ lost time by taking some minutes from the meal hours of lis people , " the operatives of Mr . Gardners factory met on Tuesday night last , for the purpose of contradicting the statement so made , i he meeting was held in Springfieid-house , Bow-lane , and the factory operatives , male and female , to the number of about 400 , with some hands from other mills ( but no masters ) were present .

      , . , On the motion of Mr . James Brown , seconded by Mr . W . Hyam , Mr . James Walsh was called to the chair . .. c Mr . Amos Wilson said-lam not an operative of Mr . Gardner ' s , but . there is none among you wlio feels this insult from John Bright more than 1 do . I have attended here to see whether it be true or not ; if it be true—which I do not believe—then I and others have been instrumental in causing Lord Ashleytoerr . Ibeliovcdituntruefromthehrst . and thought that Mr . Gardner ' s hands should have an opportunity of repelling it , and so prove to the world that John Bright is a man net always given to telling tho truth . [ Mr . Wilson then read Mr . Blight ' s remarks as reported in the Standard , Times ,

      ftudifonrino CArom ' cJe , which though slightly varied in expression , were all to the same effect . ] Now , continued Mr , Wilson , it ia for you to say whether you have been deprived of your meal time or not . I don't think you have been deprived of tea-time , for there is none allowed . [ A person , whose name we did not learn , here cried out , that he did not think there was a factory in tho town , or indeed in the whole country , which has such long meal hours as Mr . Gardner ' s . Thorc could be no abridgment ot the tea hour , for no time was allowed for tea whatever ; but with respect to breakfast and dinner hours , no master could be less exacting than Mr . Gardner . Another person said , " Wehave often left minutes before , and eot back minutes after the bell rung , and were never

      found fault with , " a statement which was confirmed bv others present . ] Mr . Wilson then resumed : — It was thought the public might be set right by your meeting together , and adopting a proper motion ; and I recommended as many of the boys to be brought as possible , for if any time is taken from you , depend upon it none know so well as the boys ; they look after the clock as sharply as anybody . ( Laughter and cheers . ) . , ' , " ,, Mr . John Sergeant said—Having worked for Mr . Gardner during nearly ten years , I c * n say that no one in Laucashiro keeps better time with respect to meal hours than he docs ; and th e speech that John Bright has made in the House of Commons is a % xm % insult to him and the whole county . With respect

      to Mr . Ileaton , our manager , being " an enthusiast in the cause "—well may he be so , and well might any man who has a spark of philanthropy in his bosom . Mr . Ileaton is a practical man ; he has worked within the walls of a cotton-mill since he was ci glit years of age , and is now in his seventieth year ; so that the enthusiastic support of such a man , who a < his time of life can have no object to gain in deceiving anybody , says much for the justice and expediency of the cause . ( Cheew . ) I have to move the following resolution ;— " That we , the operatives in the employ of R . Gardner , Esq ., of this town , having hoard read a portion of a speech delivered by John Bright , Esq ., M . P ., in the House of Commons , Jan .

      29 th , 1840 , iu which he sUtes , when we commenced working eleven hours per day we came to a determination to have several minutes deducted from the time allotted to breakfast , dinner , and tea ; unhesitatingly declare this statement to be false and unfounded . In the first place , we have no time whatever ' allotted for tea . ' Secondly , we defy Mr . Bright or » ny other person to prove that we have not always enjoyed tho full time for meals allowed by law , viz ., half an hour for breakfast and an hour for dinner . And further , we declai * that uo man can require and demand a more strict adherence to the provisions of the Factory Act than our esteemed and respected manager , Mr . John Ileaton . "

      Mr . R . Greenough seconded the motion . The Chairman then inquired whether any person present had anything to say agaitwt the resolution , and none objecting , he gave permission to auy one to speak in its favour . Mr . W . Hyam accepted the invitation . The former speakers , he said , are from one side of the mill ; let me now turn to the other . 1 belong to the weaving department , being under the second engine , lam now in my fourth year with Mr , Gardner , and can declare that I never had such bell-hours as I have under him . We do not always start at the half-hour —many a time not till five minutes after it ; and though it i » understood we should work eleven hours , it is well known that the engine docs not run eleven

      ( two females , " No , it don ' t" ); and our allotted time for meals is not robbed from us to make up any deficiency ( hear ) . I am . wry that Mr . Bright should have such an opinion of us working men as to say that we have made false statements in this room before . I am one of those to whom he alludes , and 1 am ready to bear out what I have formerly said to its fulkst extent ( hear , hear ) . Did he know what I am acquainted with in Preston , I am sure he would blush to offer a word against the Ten Hours' Bill . I know , at this monient , a-jciulu in this town entirely ruined through being left by its parents , both of whom are compelled to go to tho factory , to the care of a young girl ; and it is not that child alone , but thousands in the districts around is are left in the same hazardous situation . ( A woman ' s voice— "My

      lad , that's true . " ) Better views are working tlnir way , however ; and the Ten Hours'Bill would yet be passed in the course of a few years , in spite of John Bright and his opposition . It is further said , cuntinued Mr . Hvam , that the operatives cannot maintain their position untass they work twelve horn's a iky . Now , I challenge any overlooker , master , or manager , to examine my number alone , and he will find that for the last eighteen months I have maintained the position which I formerly had . From what I know of them I can say this also for the other hands in the mill . After some further remarks on the injurious effects of protracted labour on the human system , and the comparative freedom of Mr . Gardner ' s hands from the evil , Mr . Hyam concluded amidst cheers .

      The motion was then put , when a whole forest of hands were held up in its favour , and it was then declared to be carried , Mr . James Brown then moved the following res « - lution . - — " That the thanks of this meeting be gives t » our employer , 11 . Gardner , Esq ., for the many benefits he has conferred on us , by reducing our hours of labour to eleven per day ; and that the meeting hope the time is not far distant when all factory operatives will enjoy a good and efficient Ten Hours ' Bill . " Mr . John Anyon : I beg to second the motion , i wish we had more " enthusiast . " If John Bright were an " enthusiast in tho cause , " his own workpeople would be benefitted , and he would be no loser . Having been connected with factories nearly

      twentytwo years now , 1 know the effects of long hours , and short ones teo ; and wore I not au ehthus ' ast for short hours I should be ashamed of myself . Mr . Bright made some statements respecting our speeding the engines . Now , I can give you tffS facts upon that point correctly , and show him and the countri wlvetuc * the hour remitted by Mv . Gavdwet has been regained hy that means or not . AIIj connocteckwith our factory know that for the last two or three years , until wc tot Goodfellow ' s patentuhs torn ? and 'buckets , we have jjeen short « f speed in CDch the power-loom and spiuiiin-n deparsmeius , Itoh engines , the powerloom one in particular , insteadw '! ' rutin ing eleven per day , did in 1 ' aei during th-tt tinui run much less . I'liLi aroie fr . > ma fault in the premises , there not

      lwiug AUincwiiUwiWrriKiiM ; Imv sinusUv . it deficiency was supplied , wc have run I ' uH time . Mr . Anyon liwn rcMi ! f ' tviu tiio . powcr-biom engine time book , h ' . itt ; him by Mr . Gardner , tho various entries of iiine lo-t by t ' - * . engine ever ,- week from the week ending tho 241 h of May , l . s-15 , till that emlina the liltli ult . ' ii ewu ' . liiM ' . ni , he would have Mr . Bri g ht and the CMdiUi-y to kiKnyjto tha whole credit of originating the eleven iuy . i ^ B p dem was ike- to Mr . Gardner alone ; and thaiwpraisc wns duo to that gentleman fur hi » kind nun ehrb'iari-Vike conduct in allowing ! ii . « work-ptwpJo iviori lime co devote , to thoir own si'lf-iinpiMVtfnieiii . and domestic enjoyments , whilst he . still paid ihotn tlioir former rate of wages undiminished . ( Great apphluse . )

      The motion was agreed to with deafening and prolonged applause . The Chairman then observed—I recollect that , on tho second reading of the Ten Hours' Bill the last time it was presented , this same gentleman , John Hnght , came forward , and told the house ho was prepared to prove that , the milliners of London worked twenty-two hours out of the twenty-four the whole year round . ( A laugh . ) This was said by the same individual who made the same Statement last ihursday aigbt with respect to your employer , which you have to-night seen clearly disproved . I leave it to yourselves to judge whether human nature can

      labour twenty-two hours adav the who ' e vear through . ( Laughter , aud cries of " no , no . " ) Now then , judge tor yourselves of Mr . Bright ' s veracity . Mr . Amos Wilson then moved a vote of thanks to Lord Ashley ; and having addressed the meeting at some length , concluded by observing that their meeting together was their own spontaneous act ; they had ielt tie insult oftered them by John Bright , and had met to repel it , and defy him or any body to prove that their employer had deprived tliefciof * uv portion ol theirnieallwurs . ( Cheers . ) Mr . Anyon seconded the motion , anil said that gien he omcrly spoke he had intended to give Mr . bright credit tor one truth he uttered concerning Mr , Gardner s hands , and Umt was that they worked

      The Ten Houks" Bill. Meeilng Of Mr. Tard...

      harder in tha eleven than'they did in the ' twelve hours . [ A . ' voice— "Aye , because we are not so jaded . " ] . , . ., The motion was then agreed to , ' Mr ,- James Brown mot « d tha thanks of the meeting to the Central Short Time Committee , for the patriotic and benevolent manner in which they carry forward the Ten Hours' Bill agitation . Mr . John Sergeant , in seconding the motion , testified to the deserts of the committee , he having attended the meetings of the delegate & t Manchester last month . ^ " ' """ The motion was agreed to .

      Mr . W . Ward ( the same who took part in tho proceedings at an earlier stage , and who is one of those unfortunate victims of industry , styled" factory cripples" ) moved a vote of thanks to Mr . Oastlcr . lie said that however painful it was to have the finger of scorn pointed at him in the streets , he was not ashamed of his misfortune . It was the manufacturers , he considered , who had done it—those for whom he had worked fourteen , fifteen , and sixteen hours a day , when only about fourteen years of age . The motion was seconded by Mr . it . Greenough , and agreed to . Tho meeting then broke up—Abridged from the Preston Guardian ,

      Lord Ashley And The Ten Hours' Bill. Bra...

      LORD ASHLEY AND THE TEN HOURS ' BILL . Bradford , Saturday . —The usual weekly meeting of tho Central Short Time Committee of the West Riding took place at their committee room last night , Mr . Charles Howard in the chair ; who , after a few appropriate remarks , called upon the secretary , Mr . Balme , to lay before the committee such information as he might have received sines their last meeting . The secretary proceeded to lay before them the result of their last meeting's request to Mr . Walker—that he would be pleased to bring before the candidates and electors of the West Riding ,

      on the day of nomination , which took place at Wakefield last Wednesday , a report of which was read from Friday's Times . He then drew their attention to the address which he had issued to the electors of the West Riding , thanking them for the very hearty reception which was given to the Ten Hours' Bill brought before them last Wednesday . After which the secretary laid before them an address which he had received from Lord Ashley , announcing the resignation of his Lordship's seat in the House of Commons ; in reply to which the Mowing address was unanimously adopted-.

      —" THE BEPLT OF THE CENT 8 AL 8 HOET TIME COMMITTEE OP TUE WIST HDtSO , "tOSI ) ASSLEV ' 3 ADD 3 ES 5 TO THEU OS EE 8 IQNINQ HIS SEAT IK THE HOUSE OB COMMONS . "My Lord , —It is witb feelings of the deepest sorrow that we have received the announcement of your lordship's resignation ol your seat in Parliament . Although we perceive , in this procedure , tho . manifestation of tVat honourable and noble principle which has always been conspicuous in your lordihip ' a charact « r , yet we cannot forget that , in the course your lordship has pursued , the most serious Interests of a large yet powerless class of our fellow beings areplaced in jeopardy by the / withdrawal of your humane aud influential advocacy of their claims iu the House of Commons . ' I

      " nhou we reflect that the ameliorations , which have taken place in the condition of the juvenile operatives employed in factories are mainly attributable to your lordship ' s indefatigable exertions in Parliament , and that without them their degraded position in the scale of humanity would have been ebnvparatively unknown in the legislative assembly , we feel tin amount of gratituda which we cannot adequately express . Y et , whsn we consider that the improvements which hava been madO ; in the factory system fall far short of the requirements of justice—far short of what is essential to the rights and very limited comforts of our children and the manufac turihg population generally , and of which further improvements your lordship has been tho unflinching Parliamentary advocate ; and when , moreover , we perceivi so formidable an array of interested and unrighteous op .

      position to the claims aud necessities of the working classes , we feel that , by your lordship ' s relinquishment of your seat in the House of Commons , our prospects are less flattering , our expectations are less confident for the time , and the most momentous question of the age—the Factories Bill—may be subjected to a further distressing postponement . We do trust , however , that your lordship will be reinstated in your senatorial capacity . We trust that the electors of Dorsetshire- will do credit to themselves and justice to the country by inducing you to resume your seat with ah accession of ini fluenco to your political station , and that all these things whichjat present seem against us , may , by God ' blessing , be made subservient to the advancement of the measures which for ao many y « ars have bean under jour lordship ' s guidance and care .

      " Signed , on behalf of the Central Short Time Committee of tha West Hiding of YorUsUwe , " February 6 , 1 SMC . " Johjj Buss , Sec , " To tbo Right Hon . Lord Ashley . " An address to Mr . Fiolden , M . P ., was next read and adopted . It was resolved that the heat thanks of the committee be given to their friend Mr . Walker , for the able manner in which he brought the subject of the Ten Hours' Bill before the candidates and electors of the West Riding , on Wednesday last . After some other local business had been transacted , the meeting adjourned at half-past ten o ' clock .

      Elevation Of Loud Ashley To The Peerage....

      ELEVATION OF LOUD ASHLEY TO THE PEERAGE . [ From the Morning Chronicle of Wednesday . ] \ Ve hear that Lord Ashley is to be immediately raiscu ^ to the peerage . If the rumour bo correct , the tact will be welcomed by tho country as a welldeserved tribute to the personal character of one whom nature and fortune have already ennobled . Lord Ashley's generous sympathies for the poor and the oppressed have removed him sufficiently from tho sphere of mere party politics , to render his retirement from public life an event which men of all classes would deplore . Differing as we do from many of the views of the noble lord , we have never failed to recognise the honesty of purpose by which his public conduct has been guided . We have not unfrequently endeavoured to expose what we believe to be his errors ; but it would have argued a signal

      want of candour to attribute those errors to any other cause than an inadequate examination of the bearings of ( he subject' on which the noble lord ' s best known efforts at legislation have been made . High qualities , both of head and heart , have always been evinced by Lord Ashley , whether in th » conduct of measures like the Mines and the Collieries Act , upon which ht carried public opinion along with them , or in the management of his Factory Bill , upon which we believe the sense ef the country has been against him . Such men are not so common in Parliament that they can be easily spared . We regret , and the public will regret , Lord Ashley ' s retirement from the House of Commons ,- bat as he has felt it necessary to relinquish his seat , it is satisfactory to think that the legislature will not lose the benefit of his services . The Premier has not made any promotion which will do him more honour than tha calling up of Lord Ashley to the House of Peers . It is rumoured that Lord Ashley will succeed Lord Lincoln at tho Woods and Forests .

      American Oratout.—The New York Herald Th...

      American Oratout . —The New York Herald thus amusingly describes the speech of one of the wm : patriots : — •« Mr . Chipman , in flit House , to tho infinite diversion of that honourable body , and the people in the galleries talked of ' the middle extreme , ' and of ' escaping Syllabub to bo swamped ou Carrybobus , ' of Jefferson ' s gunboats : —

      " 'Here is gun-boat number one—Wiggle-waggle went her tail , Awl pop went her gun ;" and positively affirmed that he would rather be blown up by the British in the capitol , than surrender the fir » t solitary iquare yard of Oregon , or the first pebble south of 54 . 110 , washed by the attrition of the waves of the Pacitlc into the rounded form of a semi-circular triangle . Aud theii'he told us of the old fable of the hedge-hog nnd tho snakes , aud said that this old British hedge-hog would iind the American snako a regular boa-constrictor , that

      would gulp him down at a mouthful—hair , bristUs , quills , aud claws . And then ho pledged us , in tho event of war , that Michigan would tako Canada in ninety days ; and if that did not suit , that tlroy would give it up , and i ! o it over again h . ninety , without asking the three days'grace , according to law , But , to be serious , Mr . Cnijwnn spoke like a patriot ; be was strong , he was grand , he was sabliwe—frequently dipping , at an acute angle , into the ridiculous . But he was funny , and he wound up tho proceedings of the day in a hearty round of laughter— " « Xhrico renewed , and thrice again . '" '

      Fatal Accidesi on mi Rivun . —On Sunday afternoon , about two o ' clock , a female , about eighteen years of age , named Mary Ann Knight , whoso parents reside in Ship-yard , Temple-bar , was playing with a child , her brother , on the Upper Tcmpiebar Pier , and when in the act of stooping to raise the child from the deck of one of the inner barges it gave a lurch , and both Ml under the rail into the water . The tide , which was ebbing at the time carried both under the barge , towards tho lower floating pier . Mr . Hill , the pior-master on the upper pier , hearing the cry of a woman and child overboard , van to the lower pier with all possible haste , and jumped into a boat alongside in an instant . The child was floating on its back , and the tide in a fr > w

      seconds more would have drawn it under the bap'es of the lower pier , when Hill reached over his bolt , ' and recovered the child . He then went round to the * Temple side of the Jpwer pier , and saw the voung woman ' s shawl floating on the surface of the water and put his arm underneath , in the expectation of being able to recover her , but , unfortunately , the shawl had become detached from her person and < die was not again seen . lli \ l continued his search for sonic time , the drags were thrown out , and every exettum was used , to recover the bodv , in which be ultimately succeeded . The child was taken home , aud was resorted kibe going on favourably . An inquest was he don the body of the deceased on Tuesday when the ¦ jwry wtumei avesdict of '' Accidental uwa Toy drowxyjg »

      Immtfcl ^Parliament

      immtfcl ^ parliament

      HOUSE OP LORDS-Momut , Fbb . 9 . PUBLIC WORKS ( IRELAND ) BILL The Earl of St . ' Gmxuim , in moving the seconn reading of this bill , briefly explained its provisuw With respect to grants , it would place a further sin * ot £ 50 , 000 at the disposal of the Board of Worfcj and provide some further facilities-fof » aJcing grant , and with respect to loans for drainage" and other hn provements , it would extend thefjima from three to twenty years . The commissioner * would be enabled to bring homo to the very doors of fine peasantry th , means of profitable employment , whreh was the relief to be looked to in the present emergency . No man too , could have seen the great public Worka executJ within the last few years in Clare , Antrim , and oti et counties , and the effect produced by those improv .

      ments , without feeling that a more profitable invest , ment of capital could scarcely be found . The power of consumption on the part of that country was like ]* thus to lie incalculably increased , and the moral and social benefits to be expected should induce ns to make every reasonable exertion to promote the pre , gress of those improvements . ( Hear , hear . ) Lord Montsuolb approved ( of the bill . Notllij )» COUld bo a more grievous mistake than to suppojj that the present pressure on the people ; of Ireland wag but a slight pressure ; yet the magnitude of the evil and danger awaiting that country did not seetQ to have come sufficiently home to the minds of some persons . The reports presented ^ to government not merely shadowed forth a probability of future calami .

      tous results , but forewarned them of a state of things the most distressing and appalling . In tho report of Messrs , Lindley and Playfair , dated 20 th January it was stated , "that of thirtj-two counties iu Ireland . ' , not one has escaped failure in thepotatoe crop ; of 130 Poor Law unions not one is exempt ; of 2 , 058 electoral divisions , above 1 , 400 are certainly reported aa having suffered ; and we have no certaintv , until the receipt of the more minute returns now in progress of completion , that the remaining COO havealtoge ther escaped . " For those persons who were con . nected with Ireland this matter opened anticipations of evil without example . ( Hear , hear . ) They had to deal with distress in the thirty-two counties of Ireland at the beeinnine of the year , and the want

      of food in that country would be followed by fever and other calamities . The noble lord proceeded to advocate extensive public works , and a different dij . tribution of the sum annually granted to the constabulary fund as the most immediate and effectual mode of meeting these grot evils . B / a different ar > propriation of the £ 190 , 000 a-year , from the pay . ment of which it was proposed to relieve the countiw in respect to the constabulary force , a new epoch of civilisation and improvement might be commenced in Ireland , by applying the money to tho purpos e of opening now lines of communication , assisting the

      drainage of the country , and making ail those local improvements to which the noble lord opposite had alluded . This sum thus annually applied would call forth funds from other parties , either public bodies or others who were locally interested , and the sunt applicable to the purposes he had specified might be found augmented to perhaps £ 400 , 000 . They might depend on it that the spade , the mattock , the theo dolite , and the civil engineer would do more for the peace of Ireland than any other measures . The Duke of Wkiusbto . v taid the proposition of the noble lord , with reference to the constabulary fund , was under consideration .

      Lord Clifford approved of the bill , and the prin . ciple of giving relief by the prosecution of public works . The Earl of Dkvo . y , after referring the report of tha Irish commission on the subject of constabulary force , said he thought it was must advisable to afford grants of money , not only for the prosecution of public works properly so called , but also in aid of those works which he considered of still more importance —namely , thoee which tended to promote the agricultural improvement of the country . He believed that if such improvements were carried out to a considerable extent , they would not only tend to relieve the existing distress , but would lay the foundation of an increased amount of produce from the fertile soil of Ireland , which , in his opinion , would be the best

      safeguard against the recurrence of such a calamity as was now impending over that country . Tho Earl of Rodex said , as a resident landlord in Ireland , he felt much indeited to her Majesty ' s government for the propositions contained in the bill now before the house . He had listened with sincere gratification to the observations of the noble lord opposite ( Lord Monteagle ); but he had heard with regret the noble lord ' s gloomy anticipations as to the apprehended famine in Ireland . He was sure that the statements of the noble lord as to that part of the country with Which he ( Lord Manteagle ) was acquainted were correct ; but he was sure , also , their lordships would be happy to hear that in the north of Ireland , in which he ( the Earl of Roden ) resided ,

      although there might be individual cases of distress , that distress did » ot exist to anything like the extent to which it prevailed in the districts to which his noble friend had referred . As to the constabulary force , he thought its management was too much hi the hands of the government , and this caused dissatisfaction among the local magistracy , many of whom declined to act in consequence . The Marquis of Lissnowss did not wish to pronounce a hasty opinion on this subject ; but he considered that the suggestion of his noble friend , that an amount of money should be annually expended in promoting the extension of public works in Iraland , was far preferable to the relief of the country from the expense of supporting the police . ¦ .

      Lord CoiiESHiu objected to the bill ,, as diminishing the security of parties who had advanced money for private improvements , and who might , in consequence of the operation of certain . claus « a , find themselves in the position of Mcohd instead of first mortgagees . The Earl of Movxtcasusi , said , that as a Poor Law guardian himself , he could declare that the noble baron ( . Lord Monteagle ) had not exaggerated the state of distress of the people in the aouth of Irelaud . Great anxiety had been shown to provide employment for the people , but in his opinion the works were not brought forward in sufficient time to be of any advantage . In his own neighbourhood the price

      ot . provisions had risen extremely high , and this month were sold at the price * of June and July , and in the course of a month more he was told ' there would be no potatoes to be had at any price whatever . He was residing in a part of Ireland that was unusually tranquil ; but in the last ten days or a fortnight very unpleasant symptoms had been manifested —armed parties appeared parading in the noondav , and several murders had been committed ; and lie was sure that they would see nioro serious things still before long . After a few words from Lord Campbell , on the point mooted by Lord Cotteuham , aud from Eati St . Gormains in reply , to the effect that no new principle , as to securities , had been introduced into this

      measure , The bill was read a second time , and ordered to be committed on Friday next . Their lordships then adjourned .

      HOUSE OF COMMONS-Moxdat , Fbd . 0 . The interest excited by the expected discussion oa the government measures was nearly as intense yesterday as on the evening when Sir R . Peel opened them to tho house . The strangers' gallery was opened long before the Speaker's arrival , and was densely thronged in a few minutes . The body of the house was more numerously attended by members than is usual at the sittings of the hous » at this period of the session . What gave the house an unusual air of business ami bustle was the fact that on

      the ilonr and on the seats near the members were piles of petitions , some of them of no slight dimensions , the greater piu-tion of which had , no doubt , reference to the important question of the evening . Tiie Sfkakei ! took the chair at the usual hour ; inimediately after which Lord Morpeth appeared at the bar to talcs the oaths and his scat for the West Killing of Yorkshire . Tho noble lord ( who was received with loud cheers b / the Opposition as he approached 1 was accompanied to the table by Mr . Byng and Lord John Kusseii .

      Mr . Macartliy also camo to tho table to take tho oaths and his seat or the city of Cork , in the room ef Mr . bcrjeant bt « ek Murphy . The hon . member was accompanied to the table bv Mr . O'ConneU * PROTECTION AGAINST FOREIGN COMPE-11 TION . o ™ }\ } . am ! a F ** it fcd a petition , signed by 2 , iU 0 inhabitants of the town and county of Leicester , including . a large proportion of the manufkc turers in that vicjniiy . They stated that they viewed with much alarm the measure proposed by the government ; that the manufacturers did not require such protection as proposed to them ; and that in times of distress the owners of the land were the best Iriends ot the mamifacturers , -whose wages had become reduced iu consequence of the competition with manufacturers abroad .

      A great number of petitions for tho total repeal of the Lorn Laws , and-in favour of protection to auriculture , were presented . Lord Mom-am rose to present a petition from the to . ' * . Leeds signed by i » 000 persons , and another petition Iron Bradfoni , signed by 14 . 000 persons also from Wakefield , Halifax , Huddersfield , Barnsler Rot icrham , and other towns in the West Kidta" of Yorkshire to the extent of 103 petitions , allot" wltich he believed without exception , expressed themselves strongly m favour o ! the proposals of the right hon . gentleman at the head of the government , except * tar as they all urged the immediate abolition of the Corn Lw . On tho motion that the petitions do lie on tit table .

      Mr . Feiuiaxd rose , and said—I should like to learn from the noble lord whether the signatures to these petitions arc the free ami unbiassed acts of the patties concerned' ? Because 1 am prepared to prove that the working men in the different lactones in tl : « West Riding ofTorkshire are obliged to go into the fcountin-. ' -houses of the diilerent manuttU'tuvw * - ( " Order ! " ) .

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Feb. 14, 1846, page 6, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_14021846/page/6/